INTERNATIONAL APPLE CORE * presents jjj^ ^ 1 ^ jj' TM The Pretnier Magazine for Apple Computer Users VOLUMES NUMBER 2 MAY-JUNE 1982 SAVE 6 INCHES.10 POUNDS. On the new, slicked-up, trimmed-down Starwriter F-10. It’s C. Itoh’s latest genera- tion of letter-quality printers. It cranks out flawless copy at 40 cps; and its full 15" carriage lets it double in brass for both letter processing and business applications. You can plug it into almost any micro on the market (serial or parallel) simply by plugging it in. And then make it keep on trucking with inexpensive, easily available Diablo com- patible daisy wheels and ribbons. In its serial mode, it can print just about anything (including boldface, under- lines, subscripts and super- scripts), and snap the carriage back to start the next line in less than a second. In its line mode, it prints in both directions, for even faster throughput. (While making about as much noise as a cat walking on Kleenex.) It’s a nice, portable 30 pounds -about 10 pounds lighter than the Starwriters before it. And it stands exactly as tall (or precisely as small) as a dollar bill. Speaking of which; Incredibly, the Starwriter F-10 sells for about the same preposterously low price as its predecessors. Which is to say, about $800 less than a lot of other printers that don’t even come close to measur- ing up. Or even better. . . Measuring down. Distributed Exclu- sively by Leading Edge Products, Inc., 225 Turnpike Street, Canton, Massachu- setts 02021. Call: toll- free 1-800-343-6833; or in Massachusetts call collect (617j 828-8150. Telex 951-624. lEADIKG EDGE A WILD AND Buy Five Megabytes Of Winchester Storage For $999 Direct From Xebec. The Offer. For Apple D® Users— And Other Users, Too. If you’re looWng to add mass storage capacity to your Apple II without looldng for the rich uncle to fund the enterprise, look no further. $999 is all you’ll pay for our Intelligent Disk Assembly, which includes a state- of-the-art Winchester disk drive eind an advanced Xebec single board controller. Add a few hundred dollars more and you’ll also get the components to complete the subsystem. A highly relicible 115V/230V power module. A cable set. A host adapter personcil- ity card. Apple DOS, CP/M® or Pascal software and a component cabinet. Installation instructions and docu- mentation mal<e assembly simple. More important, it mal<es you a richer person because you do it yourseif and save up to half the cost of comparable storage products. Even if you have CPU attachments other than the Apple II, we’d like to hear from you. Xebec is cur- rently developing a whole range of small computer interfaces— cind we may be abie to plug you into an offer as wild and aazy as this one by the time you get to the toll-free numbers at the bottom of this ad. The Company Behind The Offer. Xebec. Xebec, an MSC Company, has been in the microcom- puting business for over a decade now. In fact, we’re currently the largest supplier of controiler products and technology in the business, numbering companies like Hewlett-Packard and Lcinier among our miaocom- puting customers. This unique opportunity for us to offer these mass storage subsystem components at this price is limited. Therefore, we urge you to see us at the Applefest® in Boston, May 14-16; or fill out and return the coupon in this ad. XEBEC AN MSC COMPANY 432 Lal<eside Drive/Sunnyvale, CA 94086 Apple II and Applefest are registered trade and service marks of Apple Computer, Inc. CP/M is a trademark of Digital Research, Inc. Please send me Intelligent Disk Assembly(s), which includes the Winchester rigid disk drive and the single board controller. I understand that all accessories ordered for the disk assembly will correspond to the number of disk cissemblies ordered. 1 further understand that if I order the entire disk cissembly package (including one Apple software program), 1 am entitled to that package for just $ 1 299 as opposed to the Individual com- ponent price of $1347.50. Intelligent Disk Assembly Drive and controller $999.00 Accessories for Intelligent Disk Assembly □ Cable set $ 65.00 □ Host adapter personality card $ 75.00 □ Power module $125.00 □ Apple DOS software $ 8.50 Q Apple CP/M software $ 8.50 □ Apple Pascal software $ 8.50 □ Cabinet $ 75.00 □ Complete installation instructions and documentation free ! Please add appropriate state and local tcixes. Freight for above I is Included. We invite users of CPU’s other than Apple II to ■ contact Xebec toll free for information cis to the schedule of - availability of subsystems for their particular attachment. Outside I California, call 800-538-1644. In California, call I 800-672-1842. .WITH A FULL HOUSE OF 5 >/4" DRIVES Mlcro-Scl has three disk drives and two controllers so you can configure your Apple ir“ or Apple II Plus'- systern to fit your Individual budget and performance requirements. THE FIRST ACE— A2 The new A2 Is the prlce/compatlblllty substitute tor the Disk ir Intended as the second drive on an existina controller, or os a full A2 subsystem. The A2 drive or A2 subsystem is an Ideal choice when the drives will be primarily used for entertainment or prepackaged software programs. THE SECOND ACE— A40 The A40 is a price/perfbrmance alternative to the Disk II With 40 tracks, you get an additional 20K bytes, and faster track-to-track access. The A40 is Intended for use in dedicated DOS, CP/M and Pascal applications, and as a companion drive for the A70. The A40 is Mlcro-Scl's most cost-effective disk subsystem for the Apple lls. THE THIRD ACE— A70 The A70 Is the price/capacity alternative. At over a quarter million bytes per drive, the A70 has the capacity of two Disk lls or an eight-inch floppy, but costs only slightly more than a single Disk II. One A70 supports a DOS file as large as 270K, a CP/M file up to 254K, and 560 blocks In Pascal. THE PAIR— MICRO-SCrS CONTROIIERS The A2 comes with a unique new controller. This controller supports any combination of A2s or Disk lls, you have complete flexibility. The A40 and A70 share a common controller. Mix A40s and A70s In any fashion, one A40 with one A70, two A40s or two A70s— all on the same controller. You can have a Disk II or A2 controller with Disk II or A2 drives and still add an A40 or A70 subsystem. Thafs full system-level compatibility. THE PAT HAND Versatility, reliability, capability are assured when choosing MIcro-Sci. Pick the drive, pick the controller, pick the capacity and function. Whatever your need, DOS 3.2, 3.3, Pascal, CP/M, games or pre-packaged software, Micro-ScI has the drive. Start wherever you choose with the knowledge that you can expand without concern. All MIcro-Sci products are backed by a full 120-day warranty (parts and labor). Our complete line of Apple compatible products makes us the dealer's choice. We're always looking for good dealers. International dealer Inquiries: International Markets Co., Telex; 69-6191. TELEX CO LSA MICRO-SCI 17742 IRVINE BOULEVARD .SUITE 205 .TUSTIN, CALIFORNIA 92680 .714/731-9461 .TELEX: 910-346-6739 MICRO-SCI IS A DIVISION OF STANDUN CONTROLS, INC, * '“APPLE II, APPLE II PLUS * '“DISK II DAPPLE. APPLE It AND DISK H ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF APPI F noMOi mrpc oi ipfptiwo OAI ifoowia TaKc a bite Vol. 3, No. 2 May -June, 1982 Coven One of the Few Quiet Moments at the Faire. Jim Gray photos. Make the Devii Do Itl - Neil Lipson 16 The Diablo Printer and the Apple Computer. File Cabinet Initializer / Stuffer - Mike Kramer 26 Improvements to an “Old Faithful” Data Base. Applesoft List Formatter - David H. Bartley 36 A pretty and clear format for your program listings. Educational Uses of the Computer -Ted Periy 50 From the Education SIGroup. Hello, Operator? - Joe Budge 52 V^at’s an Operating System, anyway? Three Pascal “Features” - Paul Sand 55 When is a bug not a bug? West Coast Computer Faire - Amanda Hixson 60 With photos of L Affaire Warren by Jim Gray and Earl Rand. Apple III Invokable Modules - Alan Anderson 66 A start toward improving your SOS condiments. Will the Real Apple Pascal Please Stand Op? -Dr. Wo 75 Looking at transportable alternatives. DEPARTAAENTS Textfile 6 Print Fre(Ed): Pyrex?-Val J. Golding 8 Planting a Seed: The Vanishing Hacker - Peter C. Weiglin 11 Letters 14 lAC Sponsoring Members 45 President’s Message -Ken Silverman 81 Forbidden Fruit - Mark L Crosby 84 Temptations, Necessities, and Delicacies. Apple Orchard Vol. 3No. 2 May-Junel982 Entire contents Copyright © 1982 by International Apple Core Peter C. Weiglin—Editor and Publisher Ingrid Worthge— Art Director Val J. Golding — Editorial Associate Mark L Crosby— New Products Editor “Dr. Wo”— Pascal/ Languages Editor EDITORIAL MATERIAL TO: Apple Orchard 910 A George St. Santa Clara, CA 95050 (408) 727-7652 ADVERTISING REPRESENTATIVE Jeff Ginsberg (213) 450-0056 SUBSCRIPTIONS-DEALER INFORMATION Apple Orchard 910 A George St. Santa Clara, CA 95050 (408) 727-7652 Karen Vanikiotis— Circulation Manager INTERNATIONAL APPLE CORE Jeny Vitt Officers Chairman (214) 369-7660 Ken Silvemnan President (408) 727-7652 Dave Gordon \fice-President (213) 709-1202 David Alpert Treasurer (312) 295-6078 Joe Budge Secretary (919) 489-4284 Roger Keating Regional Directors P.O. Box 448, Double Bay 2048, NSW, Australia Auby Mandel 409 Queen St W., Toronto, OnL, Canada M5V 2A5 Wolfgang Dederichs Auf Drenhausen 2 4320 Hattigen, West Germany Harlan G. Felt (Northern United States) (408) 866-1733 James E. Hassler (Northern United States) (307) 632-4934 Jerry Vitt (Southern United States) (214) 369-7660 Scott Knaster (Southern United States) (303) 238-8301 Bemie Urban (Eastern United States) (301) 229-3458 Tony Cerreta (Eastern United States) (914) 636-3417 Fred Wilkinson (Western United States) (415) 585-2240 James Simpson (Western United States) (805) 492-3391 Committee Chairmen SPECIAL INTEREST GROOPS; Education SIG Ted Perry (916) 485-1690 Ham Radio SIG James E. Hassler, WB7TRQ (307) 632-4934 Handicapped SIG David McFarling (402) 467-1878 Languages Tom Woteki (202) 547-0984 Legal SIG Felix B. Clayton (803) 884-5370 Medical SIG Larry L. Stonebumer (714) 953-9151 ApNotes John Shanes (804)746-2711 Apple Orchard Peter C. Weiglin (415) 727-7652 lAC Software Neil Upson (215) 356-6183 lAC Librarian Major Terry N. Ta>dor (213) 3724134 Telecommunications Craig Vaughan (703) 255-2241 Standards Mark Robbins (303) 755-6440 Newsletter Exchange David Alpert (312) 295-6078 New Club Assistance Randy Fields (415) 775-7965 APPLE ORCHARD (ISSN 0277- 1 950) is published bi-monthly by the International Apple Core, Inc., 91 0 A Georqe St, Santa Clara, CA 95050. Second Class pjostage pending at Santa Clara, CA and additional offices. Subscription rates: ?1 5.00 for sbc issues in the G.S.; $22.50 in G.S. funds for Canada, Mexico, AFO I and FPO addresses: and $27.50 in G.S. funds for addresses elsewhere. Send change of address notices and correspondence concerning subscriptions to: Apple Orchard, 910 A George SL, Santa Clara, CA 95050. Apple Orchard is a publication of the International Apple Core, a worldwide federation of Apple Computer Gser Groups. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the views of the International Apple Core. While we appreciate the co- operation of Apple Computer, Inc. and other sponsoring members, the lAC and Apple Orchard do not necessarily represent the views of any of these companies. Our existence is derived from the thousands of Apple users, as individuals, and it is their interests which we serve. -'X Every Apple Is Created Equal. But It Doesn’t Have To Stay That Way. An Apple^^^ is really something. But from now on, it’s going to be something much more. How come? Simple. We’re introducing three revolutionary new data communica- tion packages, called Transend^^^ designed especially to make your Apple rise above all others. Our Transend data communica- tions software provides access to in- formation utilities; complete file transmission of charts, VisiCalc^^^ reports, and entire programs; as well as all electronic mail functions. Transend comes in three different versions. You can begin economically with the simplest form. Transend 1, an intelligent terminal/file transfer system. As your needs increase, you can move up to two other Transend packages, without worrying about retraining or repurchasing. Transend 2 gives any Apple II intelligent ter- minal capabilities, plus file transfer with complete error detection and automatic retransmission for de- manding business applications. Transend 3 incorporates electronic mail— with password security, text editing, mailbox with mailstop, unat- tended scheduling and receiving, automatic redialing, and much more. The Transformation People Transend’s support of most popu- lar Apple II “add-in” cards and modems lets you upgrade your Apple without hassle or unnecessary expense. And you’ll immediately cut operating costs by as much as 30% with simple, easy-to-use menus, data compression and 1200-baud modem support. Nobody on the personal computer scene today is offering the speed, flex ibility, and reliability of Transend in a single upgradable software system. Don’t miss this chance to uplift your Apple II. Contact us or your dealer for all the delicious details. SSM Microcomputer Products, Inc., 2190 Paragon Drive, San Jose, CA 95131, (408) 946-7400, Telex: 171171, TWX: 910-338-2077. Apple and Apple II are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. VisiCalc is a trademark of Per- sonal Software, Inc. And Transend is a trade- mark of SSM Microcomputer Products, Inc. Allyourneeds in one basket. Bite-soft offers over 1,000 items, with all the Softalk Poll best-sellers in stock for immediate shipment In fact, if what you want appears anywhere in this magazine, chances are we have it in stock or on order. Call our toll-free numbers any time 24 hours a day to request our free catalog or to place your order for just about any Apple™-compatible product We ship ASAP first class mail with no postage or handling charges . . . plus free bonus diskettes with evei^ software shipment over $50. More than 100 publishers represented, including: Adventure Int’l Continental Artsci Dakin5/Level-10 Astar Datamost Astro Graphics Datasoft Aurora Systerns Data TVansforms Avalon Hill Denver Software Avant Garde Edu-ware Beagle Bros. Hayden Software Brillig Systems High Technology Broderbund Highlands Bubblesoft Howard Software Budgeco HSD Calif. Pacific lUS, Cavalier Innovative CE Software Insoft Computek Interlude Context L&S Computerware Lazer Systems Riverbank Link Systems Sensible Software LJK Enterprises Sentient Software Masterworks Sierra Software Micro Lab Sir-Tech Micro Pro Sirius Software Microsoft Softape Muse Software Publ. Mytopia SDS Nikrom Stoneware Omega Microware Strategic On-Line Systems Sub Logic Penguin Software Synergistic Personal Software Systems Plus Phoenix Software USA Piccadilly Voyager Quality Software Westware plus accessories, books, furniture, monitors, printers, and many hard -to -find computer supplies. Kle-iofl ALL YOUR NEEDS IN ONE BASKET. Toll-free/Operator 608: (800) 824-7888 (800) 8S2-7777 in California (800) 824-7919 in Alaska/Hawaii For personal selection assistance, phone (213) 843-1155. Or, write RO, Box 175, North Hollywood, CA 91603. Bite-.soft is aAlivision of Fiite-size Computer System. Inc. .'\pple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer. Inc. TEXTFILE Well, here’s the second issue of Apple Orchard published from our Santa Clara home office. At 1 1 2 pages plus cover, it should validate everyone’s hopes that we have in fact become a bi-monthly publication. We’re gratified by your response to the March- April issue. We’re also not standing still; the Apple Orchard is continuing to expand, with your support and participation. And did we get comments on the philosophical ob- servations, the unbashful opinions, the penetrating analyses of the computer? Naah. We got comments on the cover photo, namely the dirty fingernails on the Gmbby Paws of the Future. Even got accused of running a dirty book. Well, the photo shows the typical condition of the paws on a more or less typical 9 - year old male, immediately before discovery by his mother. Reality ain’t always pretty, friends. This issue, Neil Upson, the lAC’s Software Chairman, naturally writes about . .er, hardware. Specifically, the Diablo printer, which is the letter-quality worl^orse. Thanks too to the Diablo folks for the photos and other information, despite the fact that some of Neil’s opinions may not fit into their marketing plans. There has been much discussion of the “transportability” of the Pascal language. This issue, Paul Sand describes some “features” of Apple Pascal, and the redoubtable Dr. Wo covers some different available versions of Pascal. In the July-August issue. Bill Shepard will provide a unit that allows the user a far greater measure of independence from specific hardware. And before the BASIC user feels totally left out, we have what has to be the prettiest of “prettyprint” programs we’ve seen for listing programs in BASIC, thanks to David Bartley. This one is a great help if you’ve ever puzzled over a printout of your latest program, with multiple statements in one program line, trying to figure out what goes where. The article appeared in much shorter form in the Apple- Dillo, the newsletter of the San Antonio Appleseed group; Mr. Bartley is its Editor. (Note that we will adopt this routine for use elsewhere in the magazine.) As always, we invite your comments. One Apple and%550 can make a lot of pies. And charts. And grafdis. Introducing the New Personal Computer Plotter from Hewlett-Packard Now you can use your Apple® com- puter to generate your own presentation charts, graphs, and pie charts. How? Simply add on the new high quality, low cost HP 7470 A Personal Computer Plotter. V The 7470A helps you save time, save money, and, lets you communicate quickly, accu- rately and effectively. The eye is faster. Data, when visualized graphically, becomes informa- tion fast. Charts and bar graphs can make any presenta- tion clearer and more readily understood. But asking your staff to produce the graphics IHi for your next presentation doesn’t ensure accuracy or artistic talent. And going to outside suppliers can be costly. Combined with your Apple® computer, the new HP 7470 A plotter does the communicating for you. Quickly. Logically. And with off-the-shelf software. Count on it. The 7470A is built the Hewlett- Packard way. To last. Designed and engineered with only a few parts, none of which require adjustment. And with customized integrated circuits that ensure reliability. Pen Pals. The HP 7470A has two single-pen stables that output multi-color plots in your choice of ten coordinated colors. Pens are automatically capped and stored. An option youTl want, too. For only $95, you can also get a 17057 Overhead Transparency Kit that turns your plots into transpar- encies for overhead projectors. For “I need it tomorrow at 9:00 A.M!” meetings, it’s a necessity. Start plotting your next presentation today. Clip and mail the coupon below. Now. Mail the coupon below and we’ll send you— absolutely free — a sample plot, a more detailed brochure, and a sample overhead transparency. Then . . . stop in at your nearest Hewlett-Packard Dealer. See the HP 7470A in action. Once you see it demonstrated you’ll find a hundred ways to make your own Apple® pies. And charts. And graphs. Fast and pretty. The 7470 A gives you high plotting speed with excellent line quality. . .faster than any competitive small plotter. On top of all that, it comes in an attractive design package that looks nice on your desk. And it does it for only $1,550. (U.S.A. domestic suggested retail price.) When performance must be measured by results HEWLETT PACKARD Seeing is believing. Send me a sample plot, an overhead transparency, and more detailed information. Name Title Company Address . City, State & Zip Phone Number ( ) Send to: Hewlett-Packard, 16399 W. Bernardo Drive, San Diego, CA 92127— Attn: Nancy Carter Apple is the registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. 11202 AO/05 PRINT FRE(ED) by ValJ. Golding What’s this I hear about Pyrex?. . . The subject of piracy and pro- tection has been mercilessly beat to death in the magazines, all of which, up till now, has accom- plished little. We would like to feel these are the last words we need to pen on a matter that seems almost to border on the obscene, by virtue of its over-coverage. If you are a glutton for punishment, read the feature section in the April 1982 Call -A.P.P.L.E. Dr. Lingwood offers what we believe is the only practical recourse for software manufacturers; Mark Pelczarski, president of Penguin Software joins with consumers and asks us to not abuse the trust he has shown in us by non-protecting new soft- ware releases. We have written and released one commercial program, our Directory Title Writer utility. Re- cently a major bug was brought to our attention, and while correcting that, we also removed the limited protection that was originally on the disk. We ask again that the industry, and particularly those who produce business-oriented programs, remove their locks and/or supply backup copies on a timely basis. We have tried assessing blame in the past; it seems somewhat fruitless. We cannot change what has been and what is. Or can we. We have been to many club meetings of different user groups; we have witnessed copyrighted programs being traded; others have experienced similar scenes. We have heard the old story: “1 gave it to my friend because he never would have bought it him- self.” That is a false assumption, one in which we can never deter- mine the truth unless we do not give that copy away. As lAC member clubs, and as individuals, we have an obligation to our members, and to ourselves, to not avert our eyes. We must be able to live with ourselves, and we must realize that every individual action has potential consequences far beyond the limits of our imagi- nation. We have already seen some results in the form of constantly increasing prices. Each lAC member club, upon filling out their application blank, swears they will not condone the duplication of copyrighted pro- grams. The lAC has not the man- power, nor would they want to be a Scotland Yard of software. Thus, as member clubs, we must lead the way and set examples that not only set our own minds at ease, but can also serve to guide others. ‘That’s pirates, Emily.” “Never mind.” 8 Apple Orchard "NBBLE IS TERRFIC" (For Your Apple) NIBBLE 18: The Reference for Apple computing! NHBIilS: One of the Fastest Growing Magazines in the Personal Computing Field. N0BLEIS: Providing Comprehensive, Useful and Instructive Programs for the Home, Small Business, and Entertainment. NIBBLE IS: A Reference to Graphics, Games, Systems Programming Tips, Product News and Reviews, Hardware Construction Projects, and a host of other features. NBBLE IS: A magazine suitable for both the Beginner and the Advanced Programmer. Each issue of NIBBLE features significant new Programs of Commercial Quality. Here’s what some of our Readers say: - “Certainly the best magazine on the Apple I!” - “Programs remarkably easy to enter” - “Stimulating and Informative; So much so that this is the first computer magazine I’ve subscribed to!” - “Impressed with the quality and content.” - “NIBBLE IS TERRIFIC! ” In coming issues, look for: □ Stocks and Commodities Charting □ Assembly Language Programming Column □ Pascal Programming Column □ Data Base F*rograms for Home and Business □ Personal Investment Analysis □ Electronic Secretary for Time Management □ The GIZMO Business Simulation Game And many many more! NIBBLE is focused completely on the Apple Computer systems. Buy NIBBLE through your local Apple Dealer or subscribe now with the coupon below. TpyiNBBLE! NOTE; — Domestic U.S. First Class subscription rate is $36.50 — Canada Air Mail subscription rate is $42.50 — Outside the U.S. and Canada Air mail subscription rate is $47.50 All payments must be in U.S. funds drawn on a U.S. bank. 'f-1980 by MICRO-SPARC., INC. Lincoln. Mass. 01773. All rights reserved. 'Apple li a registered trademark of Apple Computer Company. nibble li- We accept Master Charge & Visa Box 325, Lincoln, MA. 01773 (617) 259-9710 I’ll try nibblel Enclosed is my $19.95 (for 8 issues) Price effective Jan. 1, 1982 (Outside U.S., see special note on this page.) □ check □ money order Your subscription will begin with the next issue published after receipt of your check/money order. Card# _ Signature Name Address _ City State Expires .Zip DATAMOST 9748 Cozycroft Ave. Chatsworth, Ca. 91311 (213) 709-1202 VISA/MASTERCHARGE accepted $1.00 shipping/handling charge. / (California residents add 6% taxj^ *Applell a trademark of Apple I Computer, Inc. ■ Aye! Come aboard for the fight of your life Fantastic HI-RES sword fighting topside, and the fight continues . . . with Blackbeard himself and the motley crew. What a game! What a test of skill against opponents who really attack and fight back! What a chance to become the swordsman of the year! Get your copy now - thrill to the most realistic HI-RES graphics ever! SWASHBUCKLER. Only $34.95 for the Apple II*. At computer stores or: , You're in a duel to the death against a black- hearted pirate crew. Look out! Here they come swinging and slashing with their pikes, swords, and knives. Pirates to your right, pirates to your left . . . poison snakes, spiders, scorpions and killer rats! Hear your sword ring as you parry, thrust, lunge . . . run them through! If you're swords- man enough to win below decks, you go Planting a seed... THE VANISHING HACKER Do you remember the “hacker,” also known as the computer hobby- ist? There he sits, late at night, pro- gramming, probing the machine’s inner depths, sometimes cursing soft- ly, others shouting ecstatically. The machine does what you tell it to do, not what you want it to do. The hacker can easily be picked out of a crowd; he (or she) is the one who bought an Apple for its own sake; who survived the “Whatcha gonna doowiddit” inanities, and who gradu- ally conditioned the machine to serve human needs. Sometimes by force. There was pride at the first successful simple BASIC program, and a grow- ing competence on the part of the hacker. &plore Pascal? Maybe even venture into machine language? Sure, why not? It’s even possible that the hacker’s efforts filled some need in the marketplace, spawning a “base- ment” business or “cottage industry.” It was probably inevitable, but in today’s Apple world, the hacker is said to be vanishing from sight. He is being overwhelmed by the “users,” who didn’t buy Apples for the fun (!) of it, but to use the machine like any other appliance, for a job of work that had to be done. There is no interest there in pushing back frontiers; just keep up the inventory and that will be enough, thank you. But the “hacking” process goes through stages of development too . . . and there was a creativity born of necessity in the early days of the Apple 11 phenomenon that we see less of today, because there is more, and more refined, material available. Hacking is no longer necessary to achieve rapport with the Apple 11. Net result: fewer people become hackers, although more people are users. Ask the market researchers; they’ll tell you that the hobbyist is not the marketplace. In fact, “hobbyist” is almost a dirty word to the corporate newcomers in their three-piece suits, come to profit where hackers blazed the trail. We owe thanks to the hackers for the microcomputer. No large or even medium sized corporation brought it forth, although these are now stress- ing the bandwagon to near its weight limits. Of the hackers who gave this industry its start, some have been rewarded beyond dreams; others have been forgotten, or have had to endure seeing others receive acclaim not altogether due them. Growth and corporateness has become inevita- ble, and that is not a climate in which hackers flourish. Apple The Company is a classic example of sudden growth and the human problems that accompany it. The attempt to impose the institu- tional structure of a large corporation on what conventional business wis- dom calls “Camp Runamok” is, frank- ly, a battle, to be won only at great cost. Meanwhile, the “hackers” who created Apple The Company are leav- ing; most notably co-Founder and hacker folk hero Steve Wozniak. ’Twas ever thus; Watt, Newcomen, Cooper, the Wrights, Ford, were all hackers. T. A. Edison was a “hacker” of the first water, unconcerned by the politics of the Corporate Research budget. And he too was cast aside by the corporate grayness that survives, “bringing good things to life” today. From a societal standpoint, it’s probably better to have more than 500,000 people improving their lives somewhat as users, than 10,000 hackers, consumed by an electronic passion but operating in relative ob- scurity. So the market is better for everyone. And has the “hacker spirit” really been done in? Fat chance. Just check out the Apple / // Group, which dis- plays those telltale pioneering over- tones. No, if the hackers “vanish” at all, they vanish like a scouting party; over the horizon, ahead of the rest of us. May - June 1 982 1 1 QiassBSKvnK K?WWWi«K^K« Letters to the Editor v'«<ani»Mr<iK!iRi!«iW.iis«iir!i9i9ei»niini k K2Kiis«»2K«i9uaiu»nn»K»:<tiuisiinK!i«sisuiQi»nnir4K«' m mmz rj^KiW, ,<iK0.V -KW£^ '£«;•!« StfnK :«nnK« JlSiSKaS nK»:«;nim!Ri3i;^iSia ;<SlSlQti«iM>I««K<K»r4l»i Copy Protection the courts can handle, but the first point made can be addressed here. By removing the mail-order houses from the marketplace, the customer is forced to buy at retail stores, where the prices are generally higher. Limiting a consumer’s options is never in his best interest Further, Kudos to Andent Inc. for their continued sale and support of software without copy protection (Letters, Apple Orchard, March- April 1982). It seems that other software companies are coming around to the realization that such “protection” actually costs them more sales than does the piracy. As manufacturer of the original Lower Case Adapter, 1 have had over 100 calls asking whether the LCA is compatible with VisiCalc. 1 have to answer that the LCA doesn’t interfere with VisiCalc, but that there won’t be lower case type. And, because VisiCalc is copy-protected, 1 don’t know how to modify it to utilize lower case. 1 would like to use VisiCalc myself, but have not purchased it for two reasons: 1 can’t allow my business to be dependent on a software package that can’t be backed up, and nearly all of my work is done on 8-inch disks, and VisiCalc can’t be “moved up” to the bigger disks. 1 can’t imagine any business knowingly tying itself to a product that can’t be backed up, regardless of how good the product is. And what if a business does start using a product, then later needs more disk space? Dan Paymar Durango, CO Mail Orders Sir: We find the no-mail order policy recently implemented by Apple Computer very distasteful. Apple’s new policy was described as an effort to provide consumer education and promote customer satisfaction. This is patently false, and we’re surprised that Apple would think that a group of computer users would fall for it There is also the question of restraint of trade, which because a large portion of Apple’s current “family” became members by mail, this can’t help but have an effect on Apple’s market share. The claim that “only the retail stores can provide the necessary sendee and education” is based on a faulty assumption: that the retail stores can and do provide this sendee. In the areas of both sales and service, many stores just have not justified Apple’s confidence in them. A good retailer is rare, and most are poor at applying their products to the needs of thew their products to the needs of the user. They are good at develop- ing schedules of high prices, though. The “customer satisfaction” that Apple is trying to improve would be better served if Apple leaned on its retailers, rather than removing a spur to better performance. The con- sumer who orders by mail knows that he can’t get personal service; his eyes are wide open. And, if Apple enforces the mail order ban, how will someone outside of a metropilitan area purchase equip- ment? For that matter, what if any store is out of stock? 1 2 Apple Orchard We do support our retailers when they have products and services we can use, given price and availability Screen Director Screen Director™ retrieves and dis- plays any standard image file on your Apple's video monitor, large screen TV or color printer. For only $150, Screen Director™ gives you a filmmaker's finesse in boardroom presentations, management briefings and demonstrations for clients. With Screen Director™ you can scroll forwards and bacl<wards through any color displays, with dissolves or cuts from one image to the next — all at the touch of two buttons. You can even enhance your I Apple Business Graphics with title slides in a variety of fonts and colors. Spice your Apple with cinema. -:r- ■;V:'r' ■■■ ■ V- R|. " .'ivW; ■ 'is Screen Director™ includes both the two-button controller and all necessary software. Screen Director'" is a product of Business & Professional Software, Inc., creators of Apple Business Graphics. Yes, please send me a dealer list for Screen Director"” I Name Title Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. For information on dealers of Screen Director' in your area, please return this coupon to - Address. .Zip. . Phone 1- Business & Professional Software, Inc. I43 Binney Street Cambridge, A/IA 02142 □ I would like additional Information on Apple Business Graphics and its use □ with this printer or plotter: □ with these other programs; _ or call (617) 491-3377. □ to produce xerox color copies, overhead transparencies and 35mm slides □ I am a dealer. Apple Orchard 5/82 -■p0 I H i ■■ " ?i . ■: ■■ .-.■. ^ ,T '- 6 . Software Breakthrough! THE WORD HANDLER BY SILICON VALLEY THE ONLY WORD PROCESSOR IN THE WORLD FOR THE APPLE THAT: • Gives you full line capability on the screen, no boards nec. • Two character formats to choose from at all times! RUNS WITHOUT ANY HARDWARE MODIFICATIONS! HIGH POWER LARGE SCALE Simplicity of Operation! Direct to disk! All functions seen on the screen! • Lower and uppper case underlining • Superscript, bold, and unlimited tabs • Even and normal justification • Other functions seen on turnkey systems in the $13-$20,000 range • Proportional spacing DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED 1625 EL CAMINO REAL. SUITE 4 BELMONT, CA 94002 (415D 593-4344 • Software programmable baud rates to 19200BPS • Auto-baud: Automatic incom- ing baud rate recognition & matching •Telex/TWX pulse-dial func- tion • 5-Bit baudot code, 7-Bit ASC II or 8-Bit EBCDIC capability • software break/send detect • CPU interrupt hardware/ firmware SPECIAL INTRODUCTORY PRICE $199^s lb Order Call ( 212 ) 947-5533 INTRAs PSIO — Programmable Serial I/O board is fully compatible with current Apple* software including Pascal l.I, Applesoft,* and Integer Basic. It provides a full EIA RS-232 DTE interface to most modems, printers and CRT terminals as well as an opto- isolated current loop interface strappable for full or half duplex, active or passive, 2-wire or 4-wire, 20mA or 60mA operation up to 200V DEALER INOUIRIES INVITED •Apple and Applesoft are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. On board IK ROM software enables user programmable printer width control, delay after carriage return, automatic line-feed generation, and video display Serial character format is user alterable with the most popular configurations set as default conditions. Unique to the PSIO are a full range of continuously variable, programmable asynchronous data rates to 19.2 K baud; automatic recognition of the incoming data rate from a remote terminal; and firmware routines to pulse-dial calls onto the internationalTelex-TWX network. Computer 120-10 Audley Street Kew Gardens, N.Y. 11415 considerations, but we do not con- sider any store to have a claim on our business. We buy at stores where the personnel are helpful and well informed; these are all too few. Overall, the wide and unconstrained distribution of Apple products can only improve Apple Computer, Inc. and Apple user satisfaction. The problem of lack of support is not a mail order problem. NOVAPPLE Burke, VA (This letter, in expanded form, was also sent to Apple Computer, Inc. We welcome your comments on what could be a boon or a mistake. - -PCW.) “Underworld” Reply Sir: During my recent visit to the Midwest, 1 toured a former House of Negotiable Affection like the one you mentioned in March (Planting a Seed: The Underworld Apple). The establishment, known as “Bitsy’s”, had indeed been automated to a remarkable degree. According to police, Bitsy had used Peachy Software’s “Bedroll” package for her customer list For financial records, she had used a General Lecher system from Supplesoft In addition, each visiting room had been equipped with its own personal computer; with their reliability, there was very little downtime. The most popular software, as you might expect, had been “VisiTricks”; “Sleazywriter” and “Snuggle” had been common also. According to undercover agents, favored custom- ers enjoyed Bitsy’s selection of “The Ultimate One”, “Mistress Com- mand”, “Lovesmith”, and “Sup-R- Leather”. Police found out about the operation when a computer acci- dentally dialed up the Vice Squad while running “Ask Me Express”. Allan B. Fid Bat Cave, NC Well, we asked for it, didn't P— PCW.) 14 Apple Orchard “THE BEST COMPUTER SPORTS GAME/^ That’s the award SSI's COMPUTER BASEBALL™ received from Electronic Games masazine (a subsidiary of Video masazine) for 1982. We appreciate the recosnition, but frankly, we’re not surprised. Especially when you consider what it took to be the best: It's a computer stratesy same* so thoroush yet so easy to use you’d swear you’re manasins a live tedvn. It lets you enter exten- sive player statistics so you can create any team you like — from the neishborhood hackers to the si'cat 1944 St. Louis Browns! It sives you over 25 stratesy options to choose from, options so complete |[ H ^ ^ K||||y you have to remember to warm up relief pitchers in bullpen. Its color Hi-Res sraphics display has enoush animation to sive you a « / ^ Sood feel for the flow of the same. i As a clincher. Teams Data Disks for 1980 M and 1981 are available if you want to use real AL and NL teams of those seasons. ! And the price? A steal at $39.95. (Data disks are sold separately from SSI for $15.00 each.) As excitins as all this sounds, it’s nothins compared to what you’ll see when you set your mitts on the sanne at your local computer/same store. Then you’ll really understand why people say Computer Baseball is what it is. MiePeo ' m ^"Tir— mmmwmm.mmmmmm To order directly from SSI with your VISA or MC, call toll free 800-227-1617, ext 335 (800-772-3545, ext 335 in California). To order by mail, send your check to Stratesic Simula- tions Inc, 465 Fairchild Drive, Suite 108, Mountain View, CA 94043. All our sames carry a 14-day money back suarantee. *For the 48K Apple® II with Applesoft ROM and one floppy disc drive. Apple is a resistered trademark of Apple Computer Inc. i^TTet H %tmm TLim i mi m t umn STRATEGIC SIMULATIONS INC As part of our demanding standards of excellence, we use mSXBlI floppy discs. WE^RE LOOKING FOR A FEW GOOD DESIGNERS. We re always on the lookout for hish- '"uality sames from independent desisners. If you have same prosrams that you’d like SSI to publish on royalty basis, sive us a call at (415) 964-1353 or write to SSI, 465 Fairchild Drive, Suite 108, Mountain View, CA 94043. ' MAKE THE DEVIL DO The Diablo Printer and the Apple It is generally believed (particularly by people who own thenn!) that the Diablo printers represent the ultimate in dependability and letter quality character output. They’re made by a subsidiary of the Xerox Corporation, and are “daisywheel” type printers. The characters are formed by the impact of raised letters around the circumference of a print wheel, rather than a multi-wire dot matrix print head. Thus, the letters are generally better-formed; they’re indis- tinguishable from those produced by a good typewriter, which is the “letter-quality” standard. In fact, the Diablo mechanism is used on Xerox’s word processor printers. It’s a top of the line printer, with prices to match for the heavy- duty models. What we’ll try to do in this article is to summar- ize many of the hints, tips, and tricks which may help you to interface the Diablo printers to your Apple II. We’ll also provide other pertinent information on this printer. Interfacing Any and every printer you connect to a computer requires some kind of interface connection; let’s consider this before going into the printer itself. While there are some diehards who have connected printers to the game I/O port, the normal interface is with a card plugged into one of the Apple’s eight peripheral slots. For the Diablo, the first recommendation for minimize trouble is to use the Apple High Speed Serial Card, Catalog No. A2L0008. Make abso- lutely sure, when you purchase the card, that it comes with the P-8A PROM chip, not just the plain P-8. (It’s rumored that there is later version, but there is no hard information on it at this time. The card should go in peripheral Slot 1. It could be any slot, but Slot 1 has been established by custom, and much software is configured for that location. In fact. Slot 1 is necessary for proper operation with Apple PASCAL. With the Serial Card, make sure you get the addendum manual for use with letter-quality printers. This explains the use of the P-8A PROM, and has some in-depth technical notes. Also covered is the setting of the seven DIP (dual- inline pin) switches in a little box on the card. Switches 1 , 2, and 3 control the baud rate, or data transmission rate. Switch 4, when OFF, keeps the Apple from sending charac- ters when the Diablo isn’t ready. Switches 5 and 6 control the width of the printed line, and Switch 7, when ON, keeps the Serial card from generating extra linefeeds. So, for a normal setting, with a 1 200 baud data transmission rate and 40-column line width, the setting of the DIP switches is: Switch Status 1 OFF 2 OFF 3 ON 4 OFF 5 ON 6 ON* 7 ON 1 6 Apple Orchard Notice that Switch 6 is marked. If you leave this ON, by selecting either the 40-column or 72-column line width, you’ll be able to see the output on your video screen while printing (set at the 40 character width). With any of the other settings for the combination of Switches 5 and 6 (refer to page 1 6 in the Serial Card manual) you will not see the video while printing. For some programs, however, such as the Graphics Printing System that does “dumps” of a Hi-Res screen image to the printer, you must have the line width set to 80 characters, which is Switch 5 ON and Switch 6 OFF. There is one problem with the High Speed Serial Card if your Apple also contains a Hayes Modem. If you put the Serial Card in Slot 1 , then don’t put the modem in Slot 2, even though that’s what Apple The Company recommends for operation with PASCAL. Electronic signals on the two cards sometimes interact with each other in unintended and strange ways. I have been told by a reliable source that the modem can be moved to either Slot 4 or Slot 7, and it will still operate with PASCAL. Mine is in Slot 4, but as of yet I have not tried it with PASCAL. Which Diablo Model? Next comes the decision on which Diablo model to buy, and why. (We’re assuming here that you have already elimi- nated other printers.) You have a choice of Diablo models 1 640, 1 650, 630, or possibly a used 1 620. The 1 600 mod- els can come with (“KSR”; keyboard send/receive) or with- out (“RO” ; receive only) the keyboard. The 630 comes as an RO model only; no keyboard. Personally, I like a keyboard on a printer, for a few reasons. First, you can use the printer as an independent terminal with the proper modem without even using the Apple at all. In addition, you can use it as a typewriter, although it is not quite the same as an expensive electric typewriter. The reason is that to see what you are typing, you must leave it on the “scroll” select. The resulting up-and-down shifting of the paper can drive you slowly crazy after a while, so you turn it off, but then you can’t easily see what you’re typing. However, it can work this way if you want to, and it quite often helps if you have only a short line or an address to type. With the keyboard option, you can easily set the vertical and horizontal motion indices (more on this later). However, one important reason for a keyboard is that with the IN^l command you can type to the Apple from the Diablo and have a written copy of your program or whatever while you’re typing. The Apple video will show what you are typing. Further, you can type upper and lower case, and even the forbidden characters like the reverse Applesoft prompt. In addition, the Diablo keyboard comes with a numeric keypad, and this in itself can be priceless for some situations. The KSR or keyboard option costs about $150 more, and it’s worth it. However, back to the choice of which printer to buy, if you have not already purchased one. Let me state this up front: my personal feeling is that the Diablo 1 640, with keyboard, is the way to go. That’s based on my analyses and prejudi- ces; yours may be different. The 1650 uses metal print wheels, which cost about $40-$60. The 1 640 uses plastic wheels, which cost about $7. Therefore for about $50, you can have 7 different plastic wheels instead of one metal one. And, there is a far greater variety of plastic wheels and manufacturers than there is for metal wheels. If you use your printer for some very heavy duty use, be informed that the metal wheels last about five times longer; but keep in mind that metal wheels are more than five times the cost, so you may save nothing. By the way, the only 20-pitch print wheel available is plastic. More about print wheels later. The Diablo 630 is another option. This model uses either metal or plastic wheels interchangeably. It is a more recently introduced model than the 1600 series, sells for a lower price, and while the 630 owners 1 know have had reasonably good results with them, there are some features available on the 1 600’s that don’t appear on the 630. It’s the old story of getting what you pay for. First, adjustments: on the 630 you can’t adjust the hammer intensity. That means, for example, that the large letter Orator 90% comes out very light on this printer. On the May -June 1982 17 HAZARDOUS AREA f»QVS£R 1 640, you have a choice of three intensities. Similarly, the paper thickness adjustment on the 630 gives you only three choices, while the 1 640 gives you six. Second, speed: the 630 is somewhat slower, at 40 char- acters per second (CPS) compared to the 1 640 at 55 CPS. Third, it is not all that much cheaper than the 1 640, as there are many more “sales” for the 1640 than for the 630. It is possible that in the distant future the 1 640 and 1 650 will be discontinued, as the 630’s appear to be cheaper to manufacture. So, if you want a 1 640 or 1 650, don’t wait forever to buy one. True, the 630 can take either plastic or metal wheels, but the improvement in print quality using metal wheels rather than plastic wheels is detectable only with a magnifying glass, and even then it’s difficult for me. In my opinion, the metal wheel is not worth all the extra money for 95% of applications. Again, the choice is yours. The 630 is said to be more reliable, but many people, including myself, have trouble believing this. The 1640 and 1 650 models have been the work horses of the industry for the last few years. Their ability to stay out of repair shops is almost legendary, and in my opinion, they are about as close to state of the art as you’ll find right now. Maybe someone will have something better in the future, but at 55 CPS, the 1 640 is in a class of its own. Ribbons Let’s talk about ribbons for a while. There are three different types of ribbons for the Diablo: fabric, multi-strike, and single-strike. The fabric ribbon is OK for most applica- tions, but like its typewriter counterpart, it does not give the best letter image quality. Fabric ribbons are usually woven nylon and have the longest life, but they will lighten up as you use them, and will collect dirt in the print wheels, which 1 8 Apple Orchard necessitates frequent cleaning. They’re great for drafts, but their ecomomy may be offset by their inconvenience; who wants to keep changing ribbons back and forth for various purposes? The second ribbon type is the multi-strike. It is made of a mylar material, and is advanced one-fourth of a character width for each letter strike. The print quality is better than the fabric ribbon, making the multi-strike ribbon best for all- around work. The ribbon travels through the cartridge only once, which has led to an increasing interest in “recycling” or reloading of the used cases with new ribbons. The recyclers have a growing market, despite the claims of some ribbon manufacturers that the reloaded cases do not work quite as effectively as new ones. The recycled ribbon is less costly, of course, so again, the choice is yours. The third ribbon type, which is the single strike, gives the best image by far, and can be used for offset masters. These ribbons are also quite expensive to use. They strike only once, therefore you use four times as many ribbons as the multi-strike. In addition, the cost about 40% more. Each. (Ouchl^PCW.) Keep in mind that all ribbons have a shelf life, so make sure that if you buy them in quantity, use the oldest one first. The ribbons come in black and brown. 1 have heard of one manufacturer that makes multi-colored ribbons, but do not have the name, and hopefully some reader will fill me in on who makes them. Print Wheels 1 could write an entire book on print wheels, but will restrict myself to some general points. In 1981, about 10 million plastic printwheels were sold, compared to about 700,000 metal wheels. The selection of type styles available on plastic wheels is much greater than the variety of metal ones. My own collection of about 12 plastic wheels covers all of the applications that 1 ever could imagine. If 1 wanted, 1 could even purchase a Hebrew wheel, or almost any other language. Figure 1 is a sampler of available print wheel types. Warning: all wheels do not have exactly the same charac- ters, in the same places. This is because different users have different needs. Check carefully to avoid getting a “ when you really wanted a “ .” The difference in print quality be- tween plastic and metal wheels is very hard to detect Vydec, by Exxon Systems, makes a glass-reinforced plas- tic wheel that lasts three times longer that standard plastic wheels. As you would expect, it is about three times the cost These give excellent print quality, and you can even get them in 15 pitch (15 characters per inch printing). AGT Computer Products manufactures a 20 pitch printwheel, but you must slow down the printer to use it because the print is so small that the wheel acts like tiny little teeth that can chew up your ribbon. There are even some manufacturers that will custom make wheels for you. You can even take an existing wheel, send it to them, and they can put on a special character in place of one of the letters. The cost can be somewhat expensive, but for one letter it is only about $20. ( Check, for example, with Camwil Co. of Honolulu; 800-367-5675. And let us know of others. —PCW). As was previously mentioned, plastic wheel printers can operate at speeds up to 55 characters per second; metal wheel printers operate at about 35 CPS. The plastic wheel is also much quieter than the metal one. You must take care to set the intensity of the printer hammer such that it is high for multiple copy printing, medium for 1 0 pitch wheels, and low for 1 2, 1 5 or 20 pitch wheels. If these precautions are not taken, you will have shorter than normal print wheel life. That’s the reason why the ability to vary the hammer intensity is important. When you purchase plastic printwheels, make sure that the period character has an overlay of metal. The reason for this is that with the graphics printer programs, or even lines of dots, the period is heavily used. The metal period can take a lot more of the beating it’s sure to get. The Apple Serial Card with P-8A PROM avoids the most trouble. Setting the Printer DIP Switches We’ve already covered the DIP switches in the Serial Interface card in your Apple. There are also DIP switches to be set in the printer, and the settings must correspond where required. The most important area of required cor- respondence is the baud rate. If you set the Serial Card switches for 1200 baud, then the printer switches must be set for 1 200 baud. A less obvious example is this: if you have the parity set wrong, the Escape “E” will not work. Many strange things like this can and do happen, so be careful. The Paper Out switch should be OFF, Speed should be 1 200 baud (Switch 2 OFF and Switch 3 On), Duplex should be OFF, Switch 5 should be EVEN, with Switch 6 OFF (no parity). You can choose either 10 or 12 pitch for the next switch, delending on the wheel in use, and put Switch 8 ON for the auto carriage return. Switches 9, 10, and 1 1 are not normally used unless you have the options. The Test switch is best left OFF, unless you want to test the printer. The test process causes the printer to execute a preprogrammed test sequence. When you test, make sure you have full width 1 4” paper in the printer, as the test prints the entire carriage width. May - June 1 982 1 9 6 \Q ^■o^ p ■ ^•0^° ?" 5*0 O^ It- ‘^'fe/'; Oft 7-. ■ //Of is the Diablo Courier 10 S !i It is a full ASCII wheel wheel. J-t ,,; 4 -hi-i-hp 0. as vou will notice withtthe -5 ,. T f:^ni“ for listings is lace 9’''“^. nOtO' as vou will notice I? is excellent for listing and such. .e o. /c?V A V' ■ . op''^^ h 'vihee'- • pitch V It ai'C' ers ^ ,0/ ^ ;<> O Se/®/.'^® tha I/.- ■ ^ y. . . _, ~^h Is Is +u ^ standard 6. whell/ AH of"'theT^'" work perfect/ en/?“"'® wheels wiT] addition thi;/“ e*^,\”;ab,o, a„d'!„ 's essential /“f/'P^'-'ods. When doing graphics. This is an example of the print face o prestige elite 12 of the VYDEC line of print wheels. - /V -C' > 'O /'oV ^o; f?* ^ V' ^ %^-^n ^ ^ ^<s> ^ cr '^G '^O '^/r\ > O yK ^ 0 >/ 5> i-H ::^ — I n:zxx p- m *-< o m m CO :^xr- co ►-• o •-« - CO r“ -H V, OyaV *^^0 b. ''<?» '■'V ^<? b b O' ^ > A ■4-. '‘'^• U./ "o. % V''^ % / ® 0. 0 ‘ ^ . o. 5 HO m mH3^ 5> m CO rn H-. -i o r- 3: __ ni > ”0 z a X o HH -I :o > :3 XI -o cz -H > -o 3 X H m mo ;j> — I X PO O X > > -^ z XO o X m m . vS' '^o o of o ^ v? vS' / '■v / Figure 1 20 Apple Orchard APPLE CP/M Expand your Apple into a full CP/M system. CDS announces the U-Z80. Just plug it in and it runs thousands of additional programs, no modifications re- quired. The U-Z80, imported from Eng- land, is fully compatible with all Softcard software, including Wordstar, Supercalc, dBase II, Accounting Plus, Spellguard, Microsoft Basic and much more. CDS is the leading discount supplier for this outstanding product. Why pay more for the same thing? You’ll appreciate the prompt and personal service that has become our trademark. Call today for the U-Z80 and ask for our brochure on our other products. CDS U-Z80 $195 U-Z80 $195 Shipping: U.S. — $3 Foreign — $10 P.O. BOX 696 / AMHERST, NH 03031 / (603) 673-7375 Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer Softcard is a trademark of Microsoft Vertical and Horizontal Motion Indexes One of the most powerful features of the Diablo is your ability to set the vertical and horizontal motion indexes; this gives close and flexible control of the expansion or conden- sation of the print; both vertically and horizontally. This is excellent for graphics, text, or whatever. Legal contracts using a 15 pitch wheel, for example, may use a horizontal motion index (HMl) of about 1 5 per inch, while a large type face such as Orator 90% may use 8 per inch. The VMl should also be adjusted to in the same manner to compen- sate for these differences. A powerful feature is close control of vertical and horizontal pitch. These adjustments can easily be made from the Diablo keyboard, or under software control (or the Apple key- board). With the Diablo keyboard, to adjust the HMl type <ESCAPE>, Ctrl -, and the code for the desired value. (‘Ctrl ’-is called “CJS,” and is ASCII 31 ). For example, to print at 1 5 pitch (15 characters per inch, horizontally), enter <ESCAPE>, Ctrl and Ctrl I. The Diablo will then type at that setting. The vertical adjustment is only slightly different; the oper- ative control code is called “RS,” with an ASCII value of 30. We access it with ‘Ctrl .’ So, to compress the vertical to 8 lines per inch from the normal 6, type <ESGAPE>, Ctrl =, Ctrl G. Now type anything on the Diablo keyboard and watch how small the motion is, including line feeds. To do the same thing from the Apple, we use the ASCII codes in the print routines of our programs. For example, in Applesoft we can do the same thing we just did above, this way: 10 PRINT CHR$(27) CHR$(31) CHR$(9) 20 PRINT CHR$(27) CHR$(30) CHR$(7) The 27 is the ASCII code for <ESCAPE>, the 31 is the the 30 is is the “ =/’ the 9 applies to 1 5 HMl, and the 7 applies to 8 VMl. Make sure you put all three of the characters required for a command on one line or the printer will not accept the <ESCAPE> after a carriage return. Figure 2 is a list of the CHR$ values, the keyboard com- mand, the HMl, and the VMl. In addition, for the specialists we have some additional modes that are controlled by the ESCAPE functions: ESC 0 - set right margin ESC 1 - set horizontal tab ESC 2 -clear all tabs ESC 3 - turn on graphics mode ESC 4 - turn off graphics mode ESC 5 - print forward ESC 6 - print backward ESC 8 - clear individual tab ESC 9 - set left margin ESC A -print in red (with proper ribbon) ESC B - print in black (default) ESC D - negative half line feed ESC U - positive half line feed ESC CTRL I (n) - absolute horizontal tab ESC CTRL J - negative line feed ESC CTRL K (n) - absolute vertical tab ESC CTRL (n) - set VMl ESC CTRL (n) - set HMi. Diablo Printer HMl/ VMl Chart CHR$(n) Keyboard Control Vertical Pitch (lines /in) Horiz. Pitch (cols/in) 0 Ctrl ■ — — 1 Ctrl ’A' — — 2 Ctrl 'B' 48 120 3 Ctrl 'C 24 60 4 Ctrl 'D' 16 40 5 Ctrl ’E' 12 30 6 Ctrl 'F' 9.6 24 7 Ctrl ’G’ 8 20 8 Ctrl 'H' 7 17 9 Ctrl '1' 6 15 10 Ctrl ’J’ 5.3 13.3 11 Ctrl 'K' 4.8 12 12 Ctrl 'L' 4.4 11 13 Ctrl 'M' 4 10 14 Ctrl 'N' 3.7 9.25 15 Ctrl ’0’ 3.4 8.5 16 Ctrl ’P' 3.2 8 17 Ctrl ’Q' 3 7.5 18 Ctrl 'R' 2.8 7 19 Ctrl ’S' 2.7 6.7 20 Ctrl 'T' 2.5 6.3 21 Ctrl 'U' 2.4 6 22 Ctrl 'V 2.3 5.75 23 Ctrl 'W' 2.2 5.5 24 Ctrl 'X' 2. 1 5.25 25 Ctrl 'Y' 2 5 26 Ctrl 'Z' 1.9 4.75 27 ESC 1.85 4.6 28 Ctrl ’ ' 1.78 4.44 29 Ctrl ' ' ' 1.71 4.3 30 Ctrl '=' 1.66 4.14 31 Ctrl 1.6 4 32 SPACE 1.55 3.87 33 ; 1.5 3.75 34 tf 1.45 3.64 35 # 1.41 3.53 36 $ 1.37 3.45 37 % 1.33 3.33 38 6c 1.30 3.24 39 I 1.26 3.16 40 ( 1.23 3.08 41 ) 1.20 3.00 42 * 1. 17 2.93 43 + 1.14 2.86 44 > 1. 12 2.79 45 - 1.09 2.73 46 • 1.06 2.67 47 / 1.04 2.61 48 0 1.02 2.50 49 1 1.00 2.50 (Prestige Elite, 12 Pitch) Figure 2 22 Apple Orchard Introducing the hands-on chess peripheral for your Apple II . . . If you are a chess enthusiast who has been watching your home computer play chess, The Mate from Destiny puts the game back where it belongs-- in your hands. The Mate is a strategy game peripherai which comes complete with a powerfui chess pro- gram on cassette or diskette (5 Vn fioppy). in fact, you can even write your own chess program. All you do is move the magnetic pieces on the sensor chessboard and the computer will sense the move and respond with his, through LED iights on each square of the board. Of course, the computer display screen will continue to show the game in pro- gress. With The Mate, you can bypass cumbersome keyboard operations and concentrate on the game at hand. And because its chess pro- gram can be upgraded Special Interest Points Neil Upson has both degrees in Electrical Engineering and an MBA from Drexel University in Philadelphia, PA. He is a Registered Professional Engineer in Pennsylvania, and works as a micro-computer consultant in the Phila- delphia area. Neil was the founding vice-president of the lAC, and is the present Software Chairman. He started the Philadelphia Apple Club in 1 978, and is still its Presi- dent. He developed the Lipson Light Pen for the Apple in 1978, and has written software for both Powersoft and Progressive Software in areas of finance and engineering. There are a few other things about the Diablo printer that should be mentioned. If you want to use it with another computer, as for example an Apple /// or a Commodore 8032, you must first correct one of the wires on the HPR04 board inside the unit to insure proper handshaking. The Apple 11 will work properly with or without this modification, but those of you with two computers may want to make this change. Follow the maintenance schedule closely according to the manual to insure long term operation. The printer is known for long term operation with a minimum of break- downs, and most of the people 1 know (including myselO have never had a repair, unless they spilled a milkshake down inside the machine. Lightly oil the “rail” periodically for smooth print operation, as the manual recommends. Always keep the unit covered when not in use, and provide good air circulation for cooling when it is in use. If you plan to buy a tractor feed, as 95% of us do, pay a little extra and get the bi-directional unit. It makes life a lot easier both for normal use, and if you want to do something fancy like reverse printing. You could operate the unit with the cover off if you pull up the cover switch, but watch out for fingers, or hair getting in the works. Never touch the print wheel while the unit is on. It tries to put it in the proper sequence, and the slightest touch will cause it to jump. This includes the wheel-ribbon assem- bly. By the way, the entire wheel-ribbon assembly moves easily right or left only when the power is off, to change ribbons, wheels, etc. iirru Bill Budge, creator of “Raster Blaster,” needs it: . I'll never write another program without BugByter!" FEATURES: •All registers displayed •Compatible with all Apple languages •Completely relocatable •Full hex and ASCII I/O •Multiple options while in trace mode •Literal and transparent breakpoints •Resident assembler •Resident disassembler •User-definable screen •Ram screen dump in hex and ASCII •Comprehensive documentation Who else needs BugByter? . . .Apple'users who want to learn machine language. . . , Apple programmers in need of a complete 6502 debugging tool. . . . Educators who need to demonstrate the operation of the Apple's central processor. . . . Software professiorxals who need to display and control all 6502 registers. BugByter is NOW AVAILABLE AT $39.95 •Single keystroke operation •Instructional cycle counter •Hexadecimal/ decimal conversions •Can run in add-on ram card on diskette for Apple II or Apple II + from COMPUTER-ADVANCED IDEAS, INC. 1442A Walnut Street Suite 341 Berkeley CA 94709 (415) 526-9100 •Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Irtc. And last but not least, 1 have included two Hl-RES dumps using the Graphics Printing System by Paul Mosher M. D., of myself and Donald Duck (I’ll let you guess which one is me). As we have seen, this printer can do just about anything, and the applications are limited only by your imagination. 24 Apple Orchard apple compatible apple compatible SELECT-A-PORT Provides switch selectable sockets to extend the flexibility of the APPLE'S® game port. Plugs directly into the game socket Attractive case matches the color and texture of the Apple® May hang conveniently on either side of the Apple® or set flat on non-skid rubber feet 3 switch selectable sockets isolated by diodes to insure against device to device interference 1 switch selectable socket which automatically modifies the Joystick or paddles to operate as the second unit in dual Joystick games or four game paddle games Socket with no isolation for those special highly sensitive devices $5995 • Large pushbuttons • Highest industrial quality components throughout • Fits conveniently in the hand • Extra long 60 inch cords $3995 GAME CONTROLLERS External trim adjustments to perfectly match the unit to your application and computer Self-centering on both axes (may be disabled) Two large pushbuttons Highest industrial quality components throughout Completely linear pure resistive circuit $5995 JOYSTICK Available at your dealer or order direct Allow 2 weeks for shipment. All mail orders add $2.00 for postage and insurance. Dealer inquiries invited. Texas Residents add 5% tax. Apple Is a Registered TM of Apple Computers, Inc. 1104 SUMMIT AVE., SUITE 106 PLANO, TEXAS 75074 Ph. (214) 424-8568 FILE CABINET STUFFER AND FILE CABINET FILE INITIALIZER by Mike Kramer Houston Area Apple Users’ Group It is generally agreed that data storage and retrieval is one of the most popular uses of the personal computer. The validity of this state- ment is evidenced by the abundance of commercially-available software such as DB Master, Data Factory, Information Master, and PFS. These software packages offer a lot of power and capability, but they often require use of two disk drives for effi- cient use and are possibly too expen- sive for personal use. With a few ex- ceptions, the files can only be ac- cessed by the programs that created them and cannot be used by user application programs. Most Apple users are probably familiar with one of the oldest data base systems available for the Apple II... APPLE FILE CABINET. Al- though somewhat limited in capa- bility when compared to the com- mercial data base programs, FILE CABINET provides a means of inter- actively defining data files, entering data, sorting, retrieving records con- taining specific data, deleting records, and printing reports. One of the best features of FILE CABINET is its price. It’s available free of cost from your friendly Apple dealer as part of Volume 3 of the Apple Contri- buted Library. It’s probably available from most users’ group libraries (there are at least seven versions in the H.A.A.CI.G. library, each a little better than the previous one). Per- haps the best thing about FILE CABINET is that the structure of the data files created by FILE CABINET is known and the files can be easily used by application programs. If FILE CABINET or the programs described below are used for setting up and maintaining files, those pro- grams need not be burdened by in- volved data entry code. Although FILE CABINET pro- vides many good capabilities, it is lacking in ease of use when the same data item or items are to be entered in consecutive records. This became apparent when FILE CABINET was first used to set up grade files for use with the grade reporting package I wrote for my Biology Teacher wife. It was quickly discovered that entry of a grade in each student’s record re- quired retrieval of his record by record number and entry of his test or daily work grade. With 150 stu- dents, this promised to become a real chore. Since I anticipated having to enter the grades myself, FILE CABINET STUFFER was developed to provide a means to enter one or more data items common to conse- cutive records in FILE CABINET files without having to call out those records. The second problem area was dis- covered when setting up grade files (you guessed it . . . for the same Biology Teacher wife). It seems that FILE CABINET requires that some- thing be entered into every item of every record in a file. Given the fact that three files containing 20 items per record were to be created each six weeks for each of five classes averaging 30 students, I figured quickly that I did not have the time to enter 9000 (RETURNS) every time new files were set up. This time the answer was FILE CABINET FILE IN- ITIALIZER, a program designed to create FILE CABINET files and pre- initialize each data item with speci- fied character, such as a blank or asterisk. 26 Apple Orchard Imagine writing better, you have four faster business programs 20-megabyte drives in 20% of the time. Now you or 8 floppy drives and can, with this revolutionary 254 diskettes, programming tool. Let’s H H TOS can use face it. . .the great H , the storage space majority K programming is or several — it’s up Every instance The database of creativity may /// manager of The require hours of Hi H H offers: fast generating code. _ read and write / read Not anymore. The and write directly to Tool™ takes care of ■ H H ^b^HH H variables / over 1 5 the busywork, letting H H H H ^ million records / you concentrate sequential and on creating. ^ random access / Design attractive multiple disk drives / entry screens, partial and masked validate, format, key lookup / Corvus and store user H or floppy support / input, with virtually 0 ■ record length as large no programming. as memory The Tool does it for you. What ^ REPORTING: easy report used to take days — even weeks HHfl definition / define reports — now takes only minutes. directly on screen / multiple And the result is better, faster, column widths / calculations at more professional programs. ^ print time / totals / paging / The Tool provides an entry mm subtotals / page numbering / screen generator, a database _ headers / title manager, and a report • The Tool uses less memory formatter, each with very H^^H than old conventional sophisticated capabilities. H^IHHl^H^K H programming methods. ENTRY SCREENS: ■ ■ ,• The Tool's many features can The Tool be used from BASIC, giving you allows you ultimate flexibility, to make usefulentry H screens a ^P^fH H HH testing and standard H debugging part of your time, programs. It handles all screen editing, field Using The Tool is actually like having an formatting, and entry validation for you. experienced Apple IT programmer do most Character Validations: of the work for you. alpha / numeric / blank / yes or no / signed High Technology Software Products, Inc., P.O. values / password / Radix 50 / decimal point Box AO-1 4665,2201 N.E.63rd,Oklahoma City, / dollars and cents ■ ■■ ■ Oklahoma 731 13 Field validations and formats: [405) 478-2105 range / valid entry / valid date / not in range I^J I I ® trademark of / not valid entry / defaults / equal / not " 'I " equal / basic check / left justify / right justify m / leading zeros / invisible field / dollars and — F !■ cents / 1 00th of cent ^ DATABASE: ^ i= ^ The Tool Operating System CTOS) allows ^=E:= =e e eeeee ee e=e files to span multiple disk drives. Whether ez" ■ - - - FILE CABINET STGFFER When FILE CABINET STGFFER is run it first asks the user to insert the disk containing FILE CABINET FILES and press (RETURN). If they are not found, he is asked to insert the correct disk and try again. When FILE CABINET files are found, the BASEN AMEFILE is read and a list of data bases is displayed on the screen. The user selects the desired data base and the HEADERFILE, contain- ing the data item names, and the INDEXFILE containing the actual data are read into memory. A list of data header names is then displayed and the user is asked to specify whether he wants to be prompted by record number or by the contents of a particular header, such as “NAME”. He is then asked to indicate how many items common to each record are to be displayed and which ones they are. If an “A’ or “ALL” is entered in response to the “how many” question, it is not necessary to indicate which items. As soon as the options have been entered, the prompt item for the first specified record is displayed along with the current value of the first specified data item in that record. The user can then enter a new value, press (RETURN) if no change is to be made, or press (CTRL E) to erase the current value. If an ( * ) is entered or the last record has been pro- cessed, the user can optionally up- date the disk files, make more changes to the same data base, ac- cess a different data base, or end. FILE CABINET FILE INITIALIZER When FILE CABINET FILE INI- TIALIZER is run, it asks for the new file name, the number of records, and the character to be entered into every item of every record in the file. It also asks the user to enter the data headers (or data types) to be included in the file. A check is made to see if there are FILE CABINET files on the disk. If the selected file name already exists, an opportunity is given to change the name before the old file of the same name is overwritten. When the necessary information has been entered, FILE CABINET FILE INITIALIZER creates FILE CABINET files if they do not exist or adds to ex- isting ones if they do. The monitor is turned on to permit observation of the creation process and then turned off when execution is terminated. The user can then use FILE CABI- NET or FILE CABINET STUFFER to enter data whenever he wants. It is advisable to try FILE CABINET FILE INITIALIZER on a duplicate disk until proper operation is verified. ERROR HANDLING Proper operation of both FILE CABINET STUFFER and FILE CABI- NET FILE INITIALIZER depends on use of the ONERR command pro- vided in Applesoft Basic. FILE CABI- NET in its various versions uses ONERR to determine whether files exist. It fails, however, to continue handling errors through the rest of its execution. This was discovered when a file had not actually been updated after a lengthy session because the disk was write-protected! FILE CABINET STUFFER and FILE CABINET FILE INITIALIZER both contain error handling routines based on a technique presented in the September 1980 issue of CALL- A.P.P.L.E. This technique permits selective handling of certain errors and optional recovery or termination with full access to system error messages contained in the monitor and in DOS. Try opening the door to the disk drive just before telling FILE CABINET STUFFER to update the disk, or write protect the disk before attempting to update it. With a little study you should be able to incor- porate the technique in your pro- grams. Maybe someone will add it to FILE CABINET!! FILE CABINET FILE STRaCTURE For those of you interested in us- ing FILE CABINET files in your pro- grams, the file structures are sum- marized below. FILE CABINET uses sequential data files, which results in limited data base capacities, since the whole file must be held in main memory. Having the whole file in memory does result in rapid retrieval of information. The number of data bases contained and their names are stored in the BASENAMEFILE as shown in Figure 1 . The BASENAME- FILE is normally read into memory and either displayed in a menu as done in FILE CABINET STUFFER or searched by an application program for a specific file. If the desired base- name is found, the string “HEADER- FILE” is appended to the data base name to obtain the name of the file containing the headers, or data item names. The header file is read in to determine how many headers there are in each record and the header names. The structure of the header file is detailed in Figure 2. The string “INDEXFILE” is then appended to the data base name to obtain the name of the index or data file. The first thing read from the index file is the number of “records”. The index file is usually read into memory us- ing a pair of nested loops, where the range of the outer loop is equal to the number of headers and the range of the inner loop is equal to the number of records in the data base. Figure 3 shows the index file structure. Ex- amples of how to read these files can be found in both FILE CABINET STUFFER and FILE CABINET FILE INITIALIZER. RECORD 0 MO. OF DATA BASES OM FILE RECORD 1 MAME OF FIRST DATA BASE RECORD 2 MAME OF SECOMD DATA BASE RECORD M MAME OF LAST DATA BASE Figure 1. BASENAMEFILE Format RECORD 0 MO. OF HEADERS IM DATA STRaCTGRE RECORD 1 FIRST HEADER RECORD 2 SECOMD HEADER RECORD M LAST HEADER Figure 2. HEADERFILE Format Although an explanation of FILE CABINET is beyond the scope of this article, the file structures detailed above should be useful to those who wish to understand FILE CABINET STUFFER, FILE CABINET FILE INI- TIALIZER, and FILE CABINET itself. A good tutorial of the original ver- sion of FILE CABINET can be found in the Apirl 1980 issue of Interface Age in the article ‘‘Data Base Management for the Apple II” by Phil Roybal of Apple Computer. Instruc- tions for using FILE CABINET can be found in the Apple Software Bank Contributed Programs Volume 3. 28 Apple Orchard RECORD 0 NO. OF RECORDS IN THIS DATA BASE RECORD 1 FIRST ENTRY OF FIRST RECORD RECORD 2 SECOND ENTRY OF FIRST RECORD RECORD M LAST ENTRY OF FIRST RECORD RECORD M + 1 FIRST ENTRY OF SECOND RECORD RECORD M + 2 SECOND ENTRY OF SECOND RECORD RECORD N LAST ENTRY OF LAST RECORD Figure 3. INDEXFILE Format lO REM 11 REM » » 12 REM » FC FILE INITIALIZER * 13 REM » WRITTEN BY t 14 REM » MIKE KRAMER » 15 REM » HOUSTON AREA « 16 REM * APPLE USERS GROUP » 17 REM * MARCH 1982 » 18 REM * » 19 REM 20 HOME : VTAB 5 30 PRINT •■**»*»»*»»****»»**»»»*» ttt*ttt*t*t**t***f' ^ 40 PRINT 50 PRINT TAB< 6) "FILE CABINET F ILE INITIALIZER" 60 PRINT 70 PRINT TAB< 15) "WRITTEN BY" 80 PRINT 90 PRINT TAB< 14) "MIKE KRAMER" lOO PRINT 110 PRINT TAB( 6) "HOUSTON AREA APPLE USERS GROUP" 120 PRINT 130 PRINT TAB( 15) "MARCH 1982" 140 PRINT 150 PRINT "*»»»»*»»**»*******»** tttttttt***********"; 160 VTAB 20s HTAB 13s PRINT "INS TRUCTIONS? ";s GET A»: PRINT 5 IF A« < >■ "Y" AND A* < > "N" THEN 160 170 IF A* = "Y" GOTO 970 180 GOSUB 870 190 HOME : CLEAR 200 VTAB 12s PRINT "INSERT FILE CABINET DISK - PRESS A KEY"; : GET A«s PRINT s HOME 210 D« = CHR$ <13) + CHR* <4)iO P* = D* + "OPEN"sWR« = D« + "WRITE" sRD* = D* + "READ"; CL * = D« + "CLOSE" sDL* = D* + "DELETE"; REM CHR*(13) IN D * PERMITS MULTIPLE DISK COMM ANDS IN A PRINT STATEMENT 220 BN$ = "BASENAMEFILE"sHD$ = " HEADERFILE"; IX* = " INDEXFIL E" 230 DIM HD* <20) , BN* <40) 240 ONERR GOTO 810 250 REM READ BASENAME FILE 260 PRINT OP*BN*RD*BN* 270 INPUT NB*sNB = VAL (NB*) 280 FOR N = 1 TO NB; INPUT BN*<N )s NEXT N 290 PRINT CL* 300 ONERR GOTO 830 310 PRINT s INPUT "NAME OF NEW D ATA BASE? ";DB*s IF LEN (DB *) = O THEN HOME s GOTO 780 320 REM CHECK FOR VALID BASENAME 330 IF ASC < LEFT* <DB*,D) < 6 5 OR ASC ( LEFT* <DB*,1)) > 91 THEN PRINT s PRINT "NAME MUST START WITH A LETTER."; GOTO 310 340 IF LEN <DB*) > 19 THEN PRINT ; PRINT "NAME MUST HAVE LESS THAN 20 CHARACTERS"; GOTO 3 lO 350 FOR J = 1 TO NB 360 IF DB* = BN*<J) GOTO 390 370 NEXT J 380 NB = NB + IsNB* = STR* (NB) s BN*(NB) = DB*s GOTO 440 390 PRINT s PRINT DB*; " ALREADY EXISTS."; PRINT s INPUT "REP LACE EXISTING FILE? ";A*sA* = LEFT* (A*,l)s IF A* < > "Y " AND A* < > "N" Goto 390 400 IF A* = "N" GOTO 310 410 PRINT OP*DB*HD*DL*DB*HD* 420 PRINT OP*DB*IX*DL*DB*IX* 430 REM INPUT FILE INFO 440 PRINT ; INPUT "NUMBER OF REC ORDS? ";NR*;NR = VAL (NR*): IF NR ^ 1 GOTO 440 450 PRINT s PRINT "CHARACTERS TO WRITE TO EACH ENTRY; "s PRINT s INPUT "";ST* 460 NH = O 470 PRINT s PRINT "ENTER HEADER # "sNH + l;"s ";s INPUT "";H *s IF LEN (H*) < > O THEN NH = NH + lsHD*(NH) = H*; GOTO 470 480 IF NH = O GOTO 470 May -June 1982 29 490 PRINT D*"MONCID" 500 REM CREATE HEADER FILE 510 PRINT OP*DB*HD*DL*DB*HD* 520 PRINT OP*DB*HD*WR*DB*HD* 530 PRINT NH 540 FOR N = 1 TO NH 550 PRINT HD*<N) 560 NEXT N 570 PRINT CL* 580 REM CREATE DATA FILE 590 PRINT OP*DB*IX*DL*DB*IX* 600 PRINT OP*DB*IX*WR*DB*IX* 610 PRINT NR 620 FOR M = 1 TO NR 630 FOR N = 1 TO NH 640 PRINT ST* 650 NEXT N 660 NEXT M 670 REM WRITE BASENAME FILE 680 PRINT CL* 690 PRINT OP*BN*WR*BN* 700 PRINT NB 710 FOR N = 1 TO NB 720 PRINT BN*<N) 730 NEXT N 740 PRINT CL* 750 PRINT : INPUT "INITIALIZE MO RE FILES? ";A*:A* = LEFT* ( A^,l)s IF A* < > ”Y” AND A^ < > "N" GOTO 750 760 IF A* = "N" THEN HOME : GOTO 780 770 GOTO 190 780 PRINT D*"NOMONCIO" 790 HOME : END 800 REM ERROR HANDLING 810 CALL 1013:1 = PEEK (222): IF I = 3 OR I = 6 THEN HOME : GOTO 300 REM NO BASENAMEFILE . LET ONE BE CREATED • 820 GOTO 840 830 CALL 1013 840 HOME : VTAB 12: GOSUB 920: IF I > 3 AND I < lO THEN PRINT : PRINT "CORRECT ERROR, THEN PRESS A KEY:":: GET A*: PRINT : RESUME 850 PRINT "FATAL ERROR IN LINE ; PEEK (218) + 256 » PEEK 219) : VTAB 23: END ( 860 REM AS ONERR CORRECTION 870 FOR I = 1013 TO 1022: READ P P: POKE I,PP: NEXT I 880 1=0 890 RETURN 900 DATA 104.168,104,166,223,1 54,72, 152,^2, 9& 910 REM ERROR MSG PRINTING 920 MSG$ = CHR$ (O) : I = PEEK <2 22): IF I = O OR I >15 THEN J = 53856 + I + <I = 255) * - 1: GOTO 940 930 J = 43377 + PEEK <43583 + I) 940 K = PEEK <J):MSG* = MSG* + CHR* <K): IF K < 192 THEN J = J + 1: GOTO 940 950 PRINT MSG*: PRINT : RETURN 960 REM INSTRUCTIONS 970 HOME : PRINT 980 PRINT ’• »> FILE CABINET INITIALIZER <<<•■ 990 PRINT lOOO PRINT "THIS PROGRAM SETS UP FILE CABINET FILES" lOlO PRINT "WITH A SPECIFIED NUM BER OF RECORDS. THE" 1020 PRINT "PROGRAM RUNS WITH TH E DISK COMMAND" 1030 PRINT "MONITOR ON TO PERMIT DISK ACTIVITY TO" 1040 PRINT "BE WATCHED." 1050 PRINT 1060 PRINT "YOU WILL BE ASKED FO R THE NEW DATA BASE" 1070 PRINT "NAME, THE NUMBER OF RECORDS, AND THE" 1080 PRINT "HEADERS TO BE USED. IF THE DATA BASE" 1090 PRINT "NAMED EXISTS, YOU WI LL BE PERMITTED TO" IlOO PRINT "ENTER ANOTHER NAME I F YOU DESIRE. WHEN" 1110 PRINT "THE HEADERS HAVE BEE N ENTERED, PRESS" 1120 PRINT "<RETURN> TO INDICATE THERE ARE NO MORE." 1130 PRINT "YOUR NEW EMPTY FILE CABINET WILL BE" 1140 PRINT "CREATED BEFORE YOUR EYES. " 1 150 PRINT 1160 PRINT 1170 VTAB 22: PRINT "PRESS <RETU RN> TO CONTINUE, <ESC> TO EX I T":: GET A*: PRINT 1180 IF A* = CHR* <13) THEN 180 1190 IF A* = CHR* (27) THEN HOME : END 1200 GOTO 1170 1210 END 10 REM 11 REM t « 12 REM FILE CABINET STUFFER t 13 REM t WRITTEN BY t 14 REM t MIKE KRAMER t 15 REM t HOUSTON AREA t 16 REM % APPLE USERS GROUP t 17 REM % MARCH 1982 t 18 REM t t 19 REM 30 Apple Orchard Win $500! The First National Computer Owner Survey 50 Second Prizes of $10 each! In order to keep developing and bringing you very speciai hardware, software and publications, we’ve been commissioned to find out what you, the customer, wants and needs. In addition to contributing to the computer owners’ data base, you have a chance to win $500... just for filling out this survey. JUST TAKE A FEW MINUTES, ANSWER EVERY APPLICABLE QUESTION - YOU MUST TO BE ELIGIBLE - AND MAIL TO US NO LATER THAN OCTOBER 31, 1982. FOR 209 YOU COULD WIN HUNDREDS. Entrants must be computer owners or users and answer every applicable question. A random drawing, eligibility approval and list of winners will be verified by a Notary Public. Winners will be notified by Dec. 31, 1982. Grand Prize winner gives IRV Brechner Enterprises the right to use name and photo in future surveys and advertising. No purchase necessary. Limit one entry per person. Entries must be postmarked no later than Oct. 31, 1982 and reach us by Nov. 15, 1982. Prizes include one cash award of $500, and 50 cash prizes of $10 each. All survey entries become property of IRV Brechner Enterprises; none will be returned. All prizes will be awarded by Nov. 31 , 1 982. All Federal, State and Local taxes are responsibility of the winner. This contest void where prohibited by law. For a prize winner list, send a self-addressed stamped envelope to IRV Brechner Enterprises, Box 264W0B, West Orange, N.J. 07052. NAME. ADDRESS CITY/STATE/ZIP AGE_ SEX_ Circle: SINGLE MARRIED # CHILDREN 5 6 7 9 COMPUTERS(S) YOU OWN OR USE (Circle) APPLE ATARI TRS-80 IBM PC HEWLETT-PACKARD HEATH ZENITH OSBORNE 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 XEROX DEC TEXAS INST. NORTH STAR COMMODORE VECTOR CROMEMCO OTHER OWNED HOW LONG 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 # DISK DRIVES- OWN HARD DISK?. OWN MODEM?. APPROX. # DISKETTES OWNED. 28 29 BRAND PREFERENCE_ PRINTER BRAND. MONITOR BRAND. OPERATING SYSTEM(S). AMOUNT OF MEMORY (Circle) 8K 16K 24K 32K 48K 64K 128K MORE # DISKETTES PURCHASED/YEAR 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 LANGUAGES YOU PROGRAM WITH OR USE (Circle) BASIC FORTRAN COBOL MACHINE ASSEMBLER MONITORS 44 45 46 47 48 49 FORTH ALGOL PASCAL C ADA APL LISP CAI DO YOU WRITE YOUR OWN SOFTWARE (Circle) YES NO 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF SOFTWARE PROGRAMS YOU OWN PER CATEGORY: EDUCATION. BUSINESS. GAMES. SCIENTIFIC. HOBBY. HOME USE. OTHER. YOUR PROFESSION. PRIMARY USE FOR YOUR COMPUTER. APPROX ANNUAL INCOME (Opitonal). _M0ST RECENT EDUCATION LEVEL (Circle) HIGH SCHOOL SOME COLLEGE 70 71 COLLEGE GRADUATE SOME GRADUATE SCHOOL 72 73 MASTER'S DEGREE OTHER 74 75 WHICH PUBLICATIONS DO YOU SUBSCRIBE TO OR READ REGULARLY (Circle all that apply) APPLE ORCHARD BYTE CALL-APPLE 76 77 78 COMPUTE COMPUTERWORLD CREATIVE COMPUTING DESKTOP COMPUTING INTERFACE AGE INFOWORLD 79 80 81 82 83 84 MICROCOMPUTING MICRO MICROSYSTEMS NIBBLE PEELINGS II POPULAR COMPUTING PERSONAL COMPUTING 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 SOFTSIDE OTHERS 92 93 94 95 96 97 APPROX # COMPUTER BOOKS OWNED WHAT NEW PRODUCTS, IDEAS, HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, PUBLICATIONS, ETC. DO YOU WISH TO SEE COME ABOUT? Please be specific and use additionai paper if necessary. Staple to survey when completed. .. .. Signature. Mail all completed surveys by Oct. 31, 1982 to: NATIONAL COMPUTER OWNERS' SURVEY • BOX 264WOB • WEST ORANGE, N.J. 07052 *Apple, Atari, TRS-80, IBM PC, Hewlett-Packard, Heath, Zenith, Osborne, Xerox DEC, Texas Inst., North Star, Commodore, Vector & Cromemco are all registered trademarks. 20 = CHR* (13) + CHR« <4):OP * = D$ + ’•0PEN"sCL$ = D$ + ” CLOSE "sRD* = D* + "READ":WR« = D$ + "WRITE” 30 HD« = " HEADERFILE": IX« = " IN DEXFILE":BN* = "BASENAMEFILE II 40 MEM = FRE (0): IF MEM < O THEN MEM = 65536 + MEM 50 RC = INT <MEM / 110) 60 DIM DB* (30) , IP$(RC,21) ,H«<21) ,IT(21) 70 GOSUB 1110 80 GOSUB 1480 90 VTAB 21s PRINT TAB ( 13) "INST RUCTIONS? ”;s BET A«s PRINT s IF A« = "Y” THEN GOSUB 12 lO 100 IF A« < > "N” THEN 90 110 VTAB 21s CALL - 958s PRINT "INSERT FILE DISK AND PRESS ANY KEYS "; 120 GET A$s PRINT 130 REM READ BASENAME FILE 140 ONERR GOTO 1060 150 PRINT OP*BN^RD*BN$ 160 INPUT ND«sND = VAL <ND*) 170 FOR N = 1 TO ND 180 INPUT DB«(N) 190 NEXT N 200 PRINT CL* 210 ONERR GOTO 1080 220 REM LIST DATA BASES 230 TI* = "FILE CABINET DATA CHAN GE" 240 HOME s PRINT s PRINT TAB( 2 O - LEN (TI*) / 2)TI*s PRINT READ DATA FILE 430 PRINT OP*DB*(NU) IX* 440 PRINT RD*DB*(NU) IX* 450 INPUT NR*sNR = VAL (NR*) 460 FOR M = 1 TO NR 470 FOR N = 1 TO NH 480 INPUT IP*(M,N) 490 NEXT N 500 NEXT M 510 PRINT CL* 520 REM PICK ITEM TO CHANGE 530 HOME s VTAB 2s PRINT DB*(NU) s” DATA HEADERSs” 540 PRINT TAB( 5) " (O) RECORD #” 550 FOR N = 1 TO NH 560 PRINT TAB( 5 )"("sN 5 ”) ”;H*( N) 570 NEXT N 580 POKE 34, NH + 2 590 INPUT "LIST BY ITEM NUMBERS “ 5 lT*sIT = VAL (IT*)s IF IT < O OR IT > NH THEN 590 600 PRINT s INPUT "HOW MANY ITEM S TO CHANGE? ”;NI*sNI = VAL (NI*) 610 IF LEFT* (NI*,1) = "A" OR N I = NH THEN NI = NHs FOR N = 1 TO NHs IT (N) = Ns NEXT Ns GOTO 670 620 IF NI < 1 OR NI > NH THEN 60 O 630 FOR N = 1 TO NI 640 PRINT s PRINT "NUMBER OF ITE M "sNss INPUT "s "sIT* 5 lT(N) = VAL (IT*)s IF 1T(N) < 1 OR IT(N) > NH THEN PRINT s PRINT "INVALID NUMBER. "s GOTO 640 650 NEXT N 660 REM 250 PRINT “SELECT A DATABASES" 260 FOR N = 1 TO ND 270 PRINT TAB( 5)”(”;Ns“) ";DB* (N) 280 NEXT N 290 REM PICK DATA BASE 300 PRINT s PRINT s INPUT "ENTER NUMBER OR '/' TO ENDs " 5 NU* sNU = VAL (NU*) 310 IF LEFT* (NU*,1) = "/" THEN 1040 320 IF NU < 1 OR NU > ND THEN 30 0 330 REM READ HEADER FILE 340 PRINT OP*DB*(NU)HD* 350 PRINT RD*DB*(NU)HD* 360 INPUT NH*sNH = VAL (NH*) 370 FOR N = 1 TO NH 380 INPUT H*(N) 390 NEXT N 400 PRINT CL* 410 POKE 34,0s HOME s VTAB 12s PRINT "READING "DB*(NU)" DATA" 420 REM ENTER OR CHANGE DATA 670 680 POKE 34, Os HOME s PRINT TAB( 20 - LEN (DB*(NU)) / 2)DB*( NU) s PRINT PRINT "<RET> FOR NO CHANGE, < CTRL A>TO ABORT <CTRL E> TO ERASE OLD ENTRY "s POKE 34,5 690 FOR M = 1 TO NR 700 PRINT ; PRINT "REC #";M 710 IF IT = O THEN 730 720 PRINT s PRINT "ITEM #"5 IT;" = ";IP*(M, IT) 730 FOR K = 1 TO NI 740 PRINT H*(IT(K));“ = ";IP*(M, IT(K)) 750 INPUT "CHANGE TOs ";CH* 760 IF LEFT* (CH*,1) = CHR* (1 ) GOTO 820 770 IF LEN (CH*) = O THEN PRINT ; PRINT "NO CHANGE MADE. "s PRINT s GOTO 800 780 IF CH* = CHR* (5) THEN IP*( M,IT(K)) = PRINT s PRINT "ENTRY ERASED" s PRINT s GOTO 800 790 IP*(M,IT(K)> = CH*s PRINT s PRINT "CHANGED TO " ; IP* (M, IT (K) ) s PRINT 32 Apple Orchard A Hayes modem makes it possible. Your personal computer could be do- ing a lot more for you. It could be communi- cating over ordinary telephone lines with any location in North America. . .anytime of the day or night. With the help of a Hayes modem (Smartmodem™ Micromodem II™ and Micromodem 100®), you can send and receive reports from your home or office, and exchange messages or pro- grams with personal computer owners hundreds of miles away. You can even get the stock reports, today’s Washington Post, airline schedules and movie reviews by subscribing to one of several informa- tion utilities. The possibilities seem end- less. Modems are clearly the way of the future. And Hayes leads the way-today!^ Smartmodem is a smart buy. When it comes to features and per- formance, Smartmodem tops the 300-baud modem market. With the Smartmodem, your IBM Personal Computer, TRS-80 Model II™ XEROX 820 -or any computer with RS-232C I/O -can communicate with all other computers using Bell 103- type modems. Smartmodem can answer calls, dial numbers, receive and transmit data, and disconnect. . .all automatically. Many cheaper modems connect to a telephone receiver, which can cause distortions and transmission losses. Smartmodem plugs right into your telephone jack ... no phone needed! And thanks to an internal speaker, you can actually listen to your connection being made. That way you’ll know Immediately if the line is busy or If you reached a wrong number. No wonder Smartmodem is, well, a 3S. oireci-connect iviicromi 0 to see why more Apple Hayes smart modem. And it stacks neatly atop other Hayes peripherals, like the Hayes Stack Chronograph™ RS-232C calendar/clock. Micromodem II . . . exclusively for Apple II® owners. The same quality and automatic features associated with Hayes Smartmodem are built right In the Hayes direct-connect Micromodem II. It’s easy to see why more Apple II owners choose Hayes Micromodem II than any other ' modem inthe world. Don’t settle for anything lessthan Hayes. . .Smartmodem, Micromodem II and Micromodem 100 for S-100 bus computers. Available at com- puter stores nationwide. Put your personal computer on the line! I’m ready to talk! Please send info on: □ Smartmodem □ Micromodem 100 □ Micromodem II □ Chronograph Name Address Zip MAIL TO: Hayes Microcomputer Products ^ 5835 Peachtree Corners East Norcross, Georgia 30092 OR CALL: (404) 449-8791 Smartmodem, Chronograph, Micromodem II and Micromodem 100 are trademarks of Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc. ©1982 Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc. TRS-80 Model II is atrade- markof Radio Shack. XEROX® and 820 are trademarks of XEROX CORPORATION. Apple II is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. 800 NEXT K 810 NEXT M 820 PRINT : INPUT "UPDATE DISK F ILE? ";YN«: POKE 34,0 830 IF LEFT* <YN*,1) = "Y" THEN 860 840 IF LEFT* <YN*,1) = "N” THEN 970 850 SOTO 820 860 POKE 34,0 870 REM UPDATE FILES 880 PRINT OP*DB*(NU) IX* 890 PRINT RD*DB*<NU) IX* 900 PRINT NR* 910 FOR M = 1 TO NR 920 FOR N = 1 TO NH 930 PRINT IP*<M,N) 940 NEXT N 950 NEXT M 960 PRINT CL* 970 PRINT : INPUT "MORE CHANGES? ";A*:A* = LEFT* <A*,1) 980 IF LEFT* <A*,1) = "N" THEN 1040 990 IF A* < > "Y" THEN 970 lOOO PRINT ; INPUT "USE SAME FIL ES? ";A*sA* = LEFT* <A*,1> lOlO IF A* = "N" THEN 230 1020 IF A* = "Y" THEN 530 1030 GOTO lOOO 1040 POKE 34, Os HOME : END 1050 REM ERROR HANDLING 1060 CALL 1013s I = PEEK <222) s IF I = 5 OR I = 6 THEN VTAB 18 s PRINT CHR* <7> "FILE CABIN ET FILES NOT ON THIS DISKETT E."s GOTO 110 1070 GOTO 1090 1080 CALL 1013 1090 HOME s VTAB 12s GOSUB 1150s IF I > 3 AND I < lO THEN PRINT TAB< 3) "CORRECT ERROR, THEN PRESS A KEY."s: GET AlSs PRINT s RESUME IlOO PRINT TAB< 7 > "FATAL ERROR IN LINE "; PEEK (218) + 256 * PEEK (219) s VTAB 23s END mo FOR I = 1013 TO 1022s READ PPs POKE I,PPs NEXT I 1120 1=0 1130 RETURN 1140 DATA 104, 168, 104, 166, 223, 1 54,72,152,72,96 1150 MSG* = CHR* <0)sl = PEEK ( 222) ss IF I = O OR I >15 THEN J = 53856 + I + <I = 255) » - Is GOTO 1170 1160 J = 43377 + PEEK <43583 + I ) 1170 K = PEEK <J)sMSG* = MSG* + CHR* <K) s IF K < 192 THEN J = J + Is GOTO 1170 1180 PRINT TAB< 20 - LEN <"»» ” + MSG* + " »*") / 2)"»» "; MSG*?" »»"s PRINT s RETURN 1190 REM ERROR MESSAGE PRINTING (CALL APPLE 9/80) 1200 REM INSTRUCTIONS 1210 HOME 1220 PRINT " »> FILE CABINE T STUFFER <<<" 1230 PRINT 1240 PRINT "FILE CABINET STUFFER PROVIDES THE USER” 1250 PRINT "OF THE FILE CABINET DATA BASE PROGRAM" 1260 PRINT "A FAST WAY TO VIEW, ENTER, OR CHANGE" 1270 PRINT "A COMMON ITEM OR ITE MS IN EACH RECORD" 1280 PRINT "OF A FILE. THE USER IS FIRST ASKED TO" 1290 PRINT "CHOOSE A FILE FROM A LIST ON THE SCREEN."? 1300 PRINT "HE IS THEN ASKED TO SELECT THE DATA TYPE"? 1310 PRINT "WHOSE CONTENTS WILL BE USED AS A PROMPT,"? 1320 PRINT "THE NUMBER OF ITEMS TO BE DISPLAYED, AND"? 1330 PRINT "WHICH ITEMS THEY ARE . IF ALL DATA ITEMS" 1340 PRINT "ARE TO BE DISPLAYED, ’ALL' SHOULD BE" 1350 PRINT "ENTERED. <CTRL E> ER ASES AN EXISTING" 1360 PRINT "ENTRY, <CTRL A> ABOR TS THE CURRENT FILE" 1370 PRINT "OPERATION, AND <RETU RN> ACCEPTS THE" 1380 PRINT "EXISTING ENTRY. USE OF THE REPEAT KEY" 1390 PRINT "WITH < RETURN > PERMIT S SCROLLING THROUGH" 1400 PRINT "THE FILE TO THE DESI RED DATA ENTRY. " 1410 PRINT 1420 PRINT 1430 VTAB 22: CALL - 958: PRINT "PRESS < RETURN > TO CONTINUE- <ESC> TO END";: GET A*: PRINT 1440 IF A* = CHR* (13) THEN GOSUB 1480: RETURN 1450 IF A* = CHR* (27) THEN HOME : END 1460 GOTO 1430 1470 REM TITLE BLOCK 1480 HOME : VTAB 6: PRINT "»»»»* tt***tt*$**$t****t*$*******t »***»»"• PRINT 1490 PRINT TAB( lO) "FILE CABINE T STUFFER" 1500 PRINT 1510 PRINT TAB< 15) "WRITTEN BY" 1520 PRINT 1530 PRINT II TAB( 14) "MIKE KRAMER 1540 PRINT 1550 PRINT TAB< 6) " HOUSTON AREA APPLE USERS GROUP" 1560 PRINT 1570 PRINT TAB< 15) "MARCH 1982" : PRINT 1580 PRINT "*»»*«**»»**»»»»*»»*» t$t $*********$*****" 1590 RETURN 34 Apple Orchard THE WORLD'S LARGEST COMPUTER MAIL ORDER FIRM Computer Exchan^ ■ ALL MAIL: P.O. Box 1380, Jacksonville, OR 97530 > WAREHOUSE AND OFFICES, BY APPOINTMENT AT 6791 APPLEGATE ROAD. hardware: for > Apple ll/IK CLOSEOUT on Apple Computer, Inc. products [kappkz supply center Ad# 931 A Apple II 48Kor64K _ . . , SAVE Disk Drives, II and III Profile III, Hardisk ^ k \ V $2750 22% Interface Cards CALL 25% Silentype II or III Up to 25% Direct Substitute for Apple Drives Micro-Sci A2 is a direct substitute for Apple II drives. It will run all Apple II software. Save $350 on a dual A40 disk system. Micro-Sci 5" Drives for Apple II SAVE A2Drive, 5", 143K $395 18% Controller with DOS for A2 $ 95 15% A70 Drive, 5", 286K $ 489 20% A40 Drive. 5", 160K $369 18% Controller Card forA70 or A40 $ 79 21% Sorrento Valley Apple Panic $ 21 30% 8" Disk Drive Controller 2 + 2 $199 60% Arcade Machine $ 32 30% MONITORS: SAVE Red Alert $ 21 30% NEC 12" Color 12" Green $359 $169 24% 22% Space Warrior Many Others In Stock $ 18 CALL 30% CALL SANYO: 9" B&W $149 31% Budgeco, Raster Blaster $ 22 27% 9" Green $159 31% Calf. Pacific, Ultima $ 30 25% 12" B&W $219 30% Central Point Software: 12" Green $229 30% Copy II Plus ver. 4 $ 35 10% 13" Color $399 28% Will copy most copy protected software ZENITH 12" Green $119 20% for your backup in 45 seconds! NEW DISKETTES, 5' ', box of 10: Continental Software Maxell $ 39 33% Home Accountant $ 56 25% Memorex $ 25 45% Home Money Minder $ 26 25% 80 COLUMN VIDEO CARDS: Videx Videoterm M&R Sup R Term ALS: Smarterm MISCELLANEOUS: CCS: Serial Interface 771 OA Parallel Interface 7720A Other CCS Cards In Stock, Hayes: Micromodem II Smartmodem ISC Videostick Paddle Keyboard Company: Joystick II Game Paddle Numeric Keypad M&R: RF Modulator M SUP R FAN ^Microsoft: ZSOSoftcard 16K RAM Card Mountain: CPS Multifunction Card Clock/Calendar Novation Applecat Modem Orange Micro Grappler Dan Paymar LCA New rev. Saturn System 32K RAM Card 64K RAM Card 128K RAM Card VC-Expand for Visicalc _ SSM AID Serial /Para. Interface 1^ ALS: Smarterm 80 Col Card Z-Card (Z-80) Addram 16K Card Synergizer Package Videx Videoterm 80 col. Soft Video Switch Enhancer II Full Videx Line, Call PAPER: $ 249 28% $ 295 22% $ 269 30% SAVE $139 22% $ 99 20% CALL CALLl $289 $229 $ 35 $ 45 $ 25 $119 $ 25 $ 39 $279 $159 $209 $239 25% 20 % 23% 10 % 17% 21% 27% 25% 33% 20% 13% 15% CLOSEOUT on Apple Computer, Inc. products Apple Software: SAVE Apple Plot $ 49 30% The Controller $495 21% Dow Jones News & Quotes $ 69 28% Howto! $ 39 22% Microcourier $189 24% Many others CALL CALL Artsci Magic Window $ 75 25% Ashton-Tate CP/M ^ dBase II for Apple II ^ $495 30% Aurora Systems Executive Secretary-WP $189 25% Beagle Bros. DOS Boss $ 18 25% Broderbund Software Payroll $269 30% General Ledger $ 349 30% SOFTWARE Infocom Zork II Info Unlimited, Easywriter (PRO) Innovative Apple Spellguard CP/M Insoft: ^ on disk for Apple $219 26% Data Most Snack Attack Thief Denver Software Financial Partner $185 Epson, MX 80 Graphics Dump $ 9 Hayden, Sargon II (chess) $ 29 Apple Pie (specify brd.) $ 99 High Technology Store Manager $189 Job Control System $ 469 Howard Software Tax Preparer $115 Real Estate Analyzer $ 1 45 Creative Financing $145 25% 25% 25% 30% 22 % 25% 25% 40% 25% 25% 25% $329 16% $129 21% $ 34 33% $149 36% $375 12% $525 12% $ 75 25% $159 20% $269 30% $ 209 22% $119 20% $ 549 27% $ 249 28% $ 25 29% $ 99 34% up to 35% Fan Fold, Call for sizes, thickness and prices LETTER QUALITY PRINTERS: Qume Letter quality printer Sprint 9 45RO Sprint 5 45RO . NEC 3510 RO Serial •ki SAVE $2195 23% $2395 20% $1995 20% ^Olympia (Typewriter/ Printer) ES-100, 18CPS, with full cable and interface to Apple II $1695 22% PRINTERS: Epson, See special Epson section at right Intergral Data Prism 132, Color Printer w/Graphics $1695 16% Prism 80, B&W, ASF, W/Graphics $ 995 12% 445 Tiger W/Graphics &2K $ 695 23% 560 Tiger W/Graphics $1095 22% Okidata Microline 82A $ 495 25% ORDERING INFORMATION: Minimum order $100. Cashiers Checks and Money Orders welcomed. Personal Checks allow 20 days to clear. Add 3% for shipping, insurance and handling. UPS is standard. Additional 7% for US Postal or APO. Additional 3% for VISA or MC. Include telephone #. No COD. Prices subject to change and typo errors. Call to verify. Order desk hours are 8 to 6 PDT, 10 to 3 Saturdays. Electric Duet NEW ALD System II or III TransFORTH II or III Insoft Accountant CP/M GraFORTH NEW! LJK Letter Perfect Micro Lab Data Factory, ver. 5 .0 Invoice Factory Tax Manager MicroPro all CP/ M ^ Word Star Mail Merge Spell Star Data Star Calc Star Super Sort Microsoft A.L.D.S. BASIC Compiler Co bo I 80 Fortran 80 Olympic Decathlon TASC Compiler Typing Tutor II Muse Super Text II Castle Wolfenstein Robot War On-Line Expediter II Superscribe 1 1 /Screen- writer II Lisa 2.5 Pegasus II Threshold Cranston Manor Mission Astroid Mystery House $ 25 $110 $110 $355 $ 69 $112 $249 $129 $ 95 $239 $ 79 $ 159 $189 $189 $129 $110 $299 $559 $149 $ 24 $159 $ 19 $113 $ 23 20% 10% 10 % 20% 35% 38% 36% 36% 36% 36% 36% 36% 10% 25% 25% 25% 24% 22% 30% 25% 25% 25% 25% 27% 26% 25% 25% 25% 25% 25% ' Osborne (Disk and Book) Some Common Basic Programs, 75 Business, Statistics and Math programs for the Apple II $ 49 Peachtree Software all CP/ M Magic Wand $250 GL. AR. AP, PRorInv $189 Personal Software/VisiCorp VisiCalc3.3 $189 VisiDex $189 VisIFile $189 Desktop Plan II $189 VisiPlot $159 Desktop Plan III $209 VisiSchedule $239 VisIT rend and VisiPlot $ 239 VisiTerm $ 79 Zork $ 33 Softech Int'l Stockfile $250 Stockseller $423 Software Publishing: PFSII(NEW) $ 89 PFSIll $ 69 Report II or III $ 69 Sorcim Supercalc CP/ M $219 Stoneware, DB Master (new version) $ 179 Sub Logic Flight Simulator $ 28 50% 37% 38% SAVE 25% 25% 25% 25% 20 % 30% 20% 20% 20% 20% 60% 30% 26% 26% 26% 25% 22% 20% OTHER BRANDS IN STOCK: Accent, Adventure International, Astar, Auto, Simm., Avalon, Avant-Garde, Beagle, CPU, Cavalier, Datasoft, Delta, Edu-Ware, Info Com, Lazer, LJK, Phoenix, Quality, Sensible, Sentient, Sirius, Strategic, Synergistic and United. CP/ M Software 8" and 5" All Ashton-Tate, Insoft, Micro Pro, and Peachtree CP/M software available for most 5" and 8" drives, and computers at similar discounts. 3101-10 CLOSEOUT = = =.= Terminal $995 SAVE 30% /" 1 — CLOSEOUT COMPUTER SYSTEMS $3995 $2795 $6495 CALL ^ commodore VIC 20 Home Computer $249 16% 8000-15 208K, 4 User, 2 Disk Drives MTU-1 Tape Backup for Hard Disk 8000-10 208K, 4 User, 10 Meg Others in Stock 20% 25% 25% CALL HEWLETT H/P85A ^ $1,995 m:f!M Packard save H/P 85 Microcomputer/ Moniter/ Printer $1995 27% aij=INTE?TEC SUPERBRAIN while They Last sIsS^'eMS* 64KQD $2795 30% H/P 87 CP/M Microcomputer NEW! H/P 125 CP/M Microcomputer NEW! H/P 82901 M 5" Dual Drives H/P 7225B Professional Graphics Plotter H/P 7470A Graphics Plotters H/P 41C Calculator H/P41CV Calculator 2.2K Full Accessories and Software Line $1995 $1995 $1650 $2060 $1249 $ 185 $ 245 CALL 20% 27% 27% 25% 19% 25% 25% CALL EPSON PRINTERS MX80 MX80F/T MX100 F/T w/graphics 70/80/100 Apple Interface and Cable MX80 Friction feed adapter MX80 Graftrax Chip $449 $555 $729 $ 95 $ 59 $ 79 31% 25% 27% 15% 22% 20% III 800 16K Vjl 400 16K $666 $333 17% 26% ^fEC Microcomputer 8001 32K Computer $750 25% Microtek 16K RAM AIAKI Microtek 32K RAM $ /b 25% 286K Total Dual Drive PC8031 $750 25% $149 25% 32K addon and I/O Unit PC8012 $495 24% 410 Recorder $ 79 17% Ren Tec "The Wedge" 32K $495 17% 810 Disk Drive $449 26% 8023 Impact Printer F/T $595 25% 850 Interface $ 169 25% Impact Printer Cable $ 49 25% Other Hardware 20 to 30% 3510 Letter Qual. Printer $1995 20% Full Line of Software Visicalc $159 25% 21 % NEC PC Software CALL CALL Pac Man Avail 5/82 $ 34 25% 5 Meg Hard Disk wUI VU9 10 Meg Hard Disk $2995 21 % Communicator Kit $345 25% $ 4345 20 % Educator Kit $129 27% CLQSE OUT PRICES Omni-Net, Constellation, $5245 Mirror, 20 % In Stock STAR INDICATES BEST BUYS REFERENCES: We have been a computer dealer since 1978. Our bank reference is First Interstate Bank (503) 776-5620. We belong to the Chamber of Commerce, (503) 772-6293. * Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. NO SALES TAX Oregon Order Desk (503) 772-3803 TOLL FREE NATIONAL ORDER DESK ( 800 ) 547-1289 APPLESOFT PROGRAM FORMATTING LISTER by David H. Bartley I PRINT ‘SAUE^ (y/N) i QET jH Ai <>T$ COSUB 4075 | One of the handiest utilities for any language system is a formatting lister, or “pretty-print” routine. Having been spoiled by a good commercial Pascal pretty-printer on the job, 1 decided that 1 had to write one for use with Applesoft on the Apple at home. The built-in LIST command gives me the information 1 need, but it sure doesn’t go out of its way to make it easy to read! Most pretty-printers I’m familiar with are designed for printer output. 1 wanted mine to create nice hard-copy list- ings, but 1 also wanted to make it easier to display parts of a program in the Apple’s screen in a more readable form. The Assembly language program in Listing 1 is the result of my efforts to do just that. Program Features My pretty-print routine for Applesoft programs was deveby loped adding the features listed below to the algo- rithm used by BASIC. (The original code may be found by disassembling from $D6A5 to $D765 in the ROM.) 1 . The pretty-printer is easily initialized by typing “BRGN A/S USTTER” Formatted listings are then generated by typing any of the LIST commands, preceded by an amper- sand (&). The standard arguments (one line number, or two separated by a comma, or dash), are allowed. The word “LIST’ may be abbreviated to “L.” Output may be to the printer, to the screen, or both. 2. All program line numbers are displayed right-adjusted in the first five output columns. All program statements begin in Column 7. 3. Each statement separator (:) appearing past Column 12 causes a line break. The is displayed in Column 4 of the following output line. 4. Lines usually extend to Column 38 instead of 33. The continuation of a long line is indented three extra spaces. 5. Each output line is indented an extra two spaces for each level of nested FOR...NEXT and 1F...THEN statements. To avoid squeezing too closely against the right margin, indentation stops at Column 30. 6. A space is listed after every comma or semicolon (except those in REMs and quoted strings). 7. The output line is broken and continued whenever a space, comma, or semicolon appears past Column 33. 8. No extra blanks are displayed around the and ( ) tokens. 9. A blank is not listed before a keyword if the previous character is a blank or left parenthesis. 10. A blank is not listed after a keyword ending with a parenthesis (such as “TAB(”, for example). 11. Non-printing control characters are listed as letters enclosed within square brackets. 12. The listing can be temporarily stopped and then resumed by hitting any key. Control-C may be used to cancel the listing. Operational Requirements There are a few things you need to be aware of, however. A/S LISTER must be used under DOS with Applesoft in ROM (or at the same locations in RAM card). It is not hidden above HIMEM, so it may be wiped out if your program or its data requires too much space. Another point: the vec- tor is used to enable RENUMBER; if you’re using that utility while coding, you can’t use the Lister, and vice versa. There is one known bug: it doesn’t realize that “NEXT 1,J” ends two FOR...NEXT loops instead of one; the indentation will be slightly off. Since it’s better programming practice to use “NEXT 1 : NEXT J,” 1 haven’t made provision for the sloppier form. The Assembly language program in Listing 1 should be assembled and placed in the binary file “A/S LISTER.” BRUNning that file loads the program in the Apple’s memory at location $6000 (just above Hi-Res Page 2), and sets up the ampersand vector. (Obviously, the ampersand vector can’t be used for more than one purpose at a time.) Once loaded and initialized with BRUN, the program may be invoked with “& LIST’ any number of times. 36 Apple Orchard A/s LISTER uses several entry points into the Appleoft ROM as well as the “warm start” entry into DOS. It checks for the existence of Applesoft, so it is safe (but ineffective) to BRGN it from Integer BASIC. Don’t try to BRCJN it without DOS up, though! Programming Style You may want to spruce up your programs a bit to enhance the quality of formatted listings. I use these coding tech- niques to make my printed listings even more readable: 1 . Don’t play games with text in REMs. A hidden line feed (Control-J) or padding with blanks to get columns to line up won’t necessarily work the same way with &LIST as with LIST. This is the main problem I’ve found when formatting existing programs. 2. Avoid ending more than one FOR on a single NEXT. The formatted listing will be correct, but the identation will be off. 3. Don’t put colons immediately after line numbers. Some people do this to force identation of the listing. Let your Apple do it for you! 4. Add a colon after a THEN if the whole statement won’t fit on the same line or if there are several statements in the THEN CLAUSE. An Example Figures 1 and 2 contrast the listing formats of the stan- dard Applesoft LIST command, and &LIST. Several, but not all, of the features of AS/LISTER are illustrated in this short example. Figure 3 shows what happens when the adjacent NEXT I and NEXT J are combined into a single NEXT I,J. Summaiy Whether used for prettier hardcopy listings of Applesoft programs or as a nicer way to view them as they are being developed, A/S LISTER has fulfilled by expectations. I hope you’ll find it just as helpful. But, since few people seem to agree on questions of style and the “correct” formatting of program listings, please feel free to adapt A/S LISTER to your requirements and aesthetics. Figure 2 ]BRUN A/S LISTER APPLESOFT PROGRAM LIST FORMATTER (C) 1981 - D H BARTLEY - AUSTIN, TEXAS TO USE, PRECEDE EACH 'LIST' WITH & ]&LIST 100 REM — SAMPLE NONSENSE PROGRAM 110 READ M, N : DATA 100, 200 120 FOR I = 1 TO M : FOR J = 1 TO N 130 ANSWER = (3*1 + J"2) / 2 140 IF I = J THEN : PRINT "I = J" : ANSWER = 1 / ANSWER 150 PRINT TAB(10); "ANSWER = ANSWER 160 NEXT J ; NEXT I 170 END Figure 3 Figure 1 ]LIST 100 REM — SAMPLE NONSENSE AM PROGR 110 READ M,N; DATA 100,200: 120 FOR I = 1 TO M: FOR J = N 1 TO 130 ANSWER =(3*I+J"2) / 2 140 IF I = J THEN : PRINT " ANSWER = 1 / ANSWER I = J 150 PRINT TAB( 10); "ANSWER ANSWER = " . f 160 NEXT J: NEXT I 170 END ]&LIST 100 REM — SAMPLE NONSENSE PROGRAM 110 READ M, N : DATA 100, 200 120 FOR I = 1 TO M : FOR J = 1 TO N 130 ANSWER = (3*1 + J"2) / 2 140 IF I = J THEN ; PRINT "I = J" ; ANSWER = 1 / ANSWER 150 PRINT TAB(10); "ANSWER = ANSWER 160 NEXT J, I 170 END May ■ June 1 982 37 Listing #1 1000 .OR $6000 (24576 DEC.) 1010 .TF a/s lister 1020 * 6000- 4C 89 60 1030 JMP INIT INIT ENTRY 1040 * 1050 ic'k’k'k'k’k'kic-kic'k'kic'kieie'k’k'kic’kic’kic'k'k’kic'k’k'kic'k 1060 * * 1070 * Applesoft * 1080 * Program List Formatter * 1090 * by David H Bartley * 1100 * * 1110 ********************************* 1120 * 1130 * Improvements Made: 1140 * 1150 * = The LIST command must be 1160 * preceded by to use this 1170 * version. It may be typed as 1180 * either "&LIST" or "ScL". The 1190 * standard arguments (one line 1200 * number, or two separated by 1210 * , or - ) are allowed. 1220 * 1230 * = Each line number is right- 1240 * adjusted in the first five 1250 * columns. All statements now 1260 * start at column 7. 1270 * 1280 * = Lines extend to column 38 1290 * instead of 33 (usually) . The 1300 * continuation of a long line 1310 * is indented 3 extra spaces. 1320 * 1330 * = Each output line is indented 1340 * an extra two columns for each 1350 * level that "FOR" and "IF" 1360 * statements are nested. The 1370 * indentation stops 10 columns 1380 * from the right margin. 1390 * 1400 * = Listing can be temporarily 1410 * stopped by hitting any key. 1420 * Ctrl-C still cancels listing. 1430 * 1440 * = A space is now printed after 1450 * every or (except 1460 * those in REM’s or strings). 1470 * 1480 * = An output line will be broken 1490 * and continued whenever a " , " , 1500 * or " " appears within 7 1510 * columns of the right margin. 1520 * 1530 * = Each statement separator (:) 38 Apple Orchard P.O. BOX 192 CLINTON, MD 20735 (301) 868-5487 EXEC SYSTEMS PROfiRAMS FOR USE WITH VISICAIC VT 190 INDIVIDUAL TAX PLANNING FOR 1982 TAXES. . .For the individual tax situation this template allows easy entering now to prepare for submitting your 1982 deductions, credits, and other important tax items. A monthly record summation calculator will allow you to make Important tax decisions during the year! Mail Order: $39.95 in in Retail $48.00 I VT 200 BUSINESS/GENERAL. . .Inven- tory, stockage, reordering, bookkeeping accounts-journals, reporting and analyses are featured on this VisiTemp for the business person who wants to obtain maximum utilization of their personal computer and the industry's best selling business software! Mail Order $29.95 lESII Retail $38.00 VT 208 APPOINTMENT AND TIME ANALYSIS. . . Scheduling, appoint- ments, time analysis, record keeping for daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly chron- ological periods make this a must for managers, executives, supervisors, and planners! Mail Order $29.95 Retail $38.00 VT 300 HOME & FAMILY. . .VisiTemp for practical home uses: Calculator/General Format Six Month Budget Analysis Apple Expense Account Daily Budget Record Weekly Budget Account Checkbook Reconciliation Vehicle Cost Analysis Grocery Comparator Personal Inflation Index Weekly Expense Input Tax 1 Deduction Record/Strategy Tax 2 Schedule A Deduction Analysis Mail Order $19.95 ps ■ Retail $28.00 VT 310 FAMILY RECORDS. . .This temp is designed to make family record- ing as easy to enter and save as screen editing! Record formats have been designed especially for home and personal property Inventory, tax records, insur- ance record keeper, medical and dental records, vehicle records, children's scrap- book and school records, special family records/documents & more! Mail Order $19.95 VT 210 REPORT/ANALYSIS FOR- MATS/GENERAL. . .Ever wanted to pro- duce a report for professional presenta- tion only to realize that there are only too few hours in the day! This VisiTemp provides you with a selection of pro- fessionally formatted reports & analyses. Both vertical and horizontal formatting is featured. You choose and change label- ling to fabricate your personalized reports in a fraction of the time it would have taken if you had started with a blank VisiCalc®sheet! . Mall Order $29.95 June 1982 Retail $38.00 Pi July 1982 Retail $28.00 VT 220 MONEY MARKET COMPUTA- TIONS . .Yields, break-evens, profit and arbitrage. If you have any interest in the money market, this temp is designed for you! Simplified formula explanations help make this complicated field easier for anyone to understand and use. Mail Order $59.95 VT 400 SPORTS/GENERAL. . .This hard hitting VisiTemp allows you to keep player and team records for basketball, football, and baseball. The temp pro- vides individual and team statistics. Whether you keep regular sports records or just want to keep 'stats' on your favor- ites, this temp will appeal to you! ESM 102 VISICALC SIMPLIFIED TUTOR. . .Tutor and reference manual for VisiCalc^'^ users. Mail Order $19.95 Retail $28.00 apa pi August 1982 Retail $ 68.00 $19.95 TERMS MAI L ORDERS add $2.50 for shipping and handing VISA/MASTERCARD accepted Maryland Residents add 5% $ales Tax Allow two (2) weeks VisiTemps are special application templates designed to be used with VisiCalc. / Now more power from VisiCalc”and your 48K Apple”system! / / Special Application Templates for use with Personal Softwares VisiCalc™ VisiCalc is a registered trademark of Personal Software/VisiCorp. VisiTemp. 1540 * 1550 * 1560 * 1570 * 1580 * appearing past column 12 causes a line break. The is listed in column 4 of the new output line. 1590 * = Tokens * and ^ are not 1600 * surrounded by blanks. 1610 * 1620 * = A blank will not be listed 1630 * before a token if the 1640 * previous char was a blank 1650 * or left parenthesis. 1660 * 1670 * = A blank will not be listed 1680 * after a token ending in "(". 1690 * 1700 * = Control characters are listed 1710 * as normal capitals enclosed 1720 * in brackets (e.g. CJ]). 1730 * 1740 * — 1750 ★ 1760 * applesoft/monitor routines 1770 * 00B1- 1780 CHRGET .EQ $00B1 00B7- 1790 CHRGOT .EQ $00B7 DAFB- 1800 CRDO .EQ $DAFB D61A- 1810 FNDLIN .EQ $D61A ED34- 1820 FOUT .EQ $ED34 D858- 1830 ISCNTC .EQ $D858 DA0C- 1840 LINGET .EQ $DA0C D7D2- 1850 NEWSTT .EQ $D7D2 DB5C- 1860 OUTDO .EQ $DB5C DEC 9- 1870 SNERR .EQ $DEC9 DB3A- 1880 STROUT .EQ $DB3A 1890 * FDED- 1900 GOUT .EQ $FDED 1910 * — — 1920 * 1930 * SYSTEM VARIABLES 1940 ★ 0024- 1950 CH .EQ $24 009D- 1960 DSCTMP .EQ $9D 0085- 1970 FORPNT .EQ $85 0050- 1980 LINNUM .EQ $50 009B- 1990 LOWTR .EQ $9B 0021- 2000 WNDWTH .EQ $21 2010 * C000- 2020 KBD .EQ $C000 KEYBOARD C010- 2030 KBDSTR .EQ $C010 KBD STROBE 2040 * * 2050 2060 * LOC/Uj , VARIABLES 2070 * 6003- 00 2080 CONFLG .DA #0 6004- 00 2090 PREVCH .DA #0 40 Apple Orchard 6005- 00 2100 TABFOR .DA #0 6006- 00 2110 TABIF .DA #0 6007— 00 2120 TXTFLG .DA #0 2130 * 2140 * The following line buffer must 2150 ic begin on an address below XF0, 2160 ★ where X may be any page. 2170 LINBFR 6008- 20 20 20 600B- 20 30 2180 .HS 2020202030 " 0" 600D- 30 30 30 6010- 30 00 2190 .HS 3030303000 ”0000!" 600A- 2200 LINBF2 .EQ LINBFR+2 6005- 2210 LINBF3 .EQ LINBFR-3 2220 * 6012- 8D 8D 8D 2230 BANNER .HS 8D8D8D 6015- A0 A0 A0 6018- A0 Cl D0 601B- D0 CC C5 601E- D3 CF C6 6021- D4 A0 D0 6024- D2 CF C7 6027- D2 Cl CD 2240 .AS -" APPLESOFT PROGRAM” 602A- A0 CC C9 602D- D3 D4 A0 6030- C6 CF D2 6033- CD Cl D4 6036- D4 C5 D2 2250 .AS -” LIST FORMATTER” 6039- 8D 2260 .HS 8D C/R 603A- A8 C3 A9 603D- A0 B1 B9 6040- B8 B1 A0 6043- AD A0 2270 .AS -”(C) 1981 - ” 6045- C4 A0 C8 6048- A0 C2 Cl 604B- D2 D4 CC 604E- C5 D9 A0 6051- AD A0 2280 .AS -”D H BARTLEY - ” 6053- Cl D5 D3 6056- D4 C9 CE 6059- AC A0 D4 605C- C5 D8 Cl 605F- D3 2290 .AS -"AUSTIN, TEXAS” 6060- 8D 2300 .HS 8D C/R 6061- A0 A0 A0 6064- A0 D4 CF 6067- A0 D5 D3 606A- C5 AC A0 606D- D0 D2 C5 6070- C3 C5 C4 6073- C5 A0 2310 .AS -” TO USE, PRECEDE ” 6075- C5 Cl C3 6078- C8 A0 A7 607B- CC C9 D3 607E- D4 A7 A0 6081- D7 C9 D4 6084- 6087- C8 8D A0 A6 2320 00 2330 o -ID >1 rx * .AS .HS -"EACH 'LIST' WITH &" 8D00 C/R EOT 2350 INIT 6089- A9 28 2360 LDA #$28 CHECK FOR a/s 1 608B- CD 01 E0 2370 CMP $E001 608E- D0 IB 2380 BNE DOS -NOT THERE! 6090- A9 4C 2390 LDA #$4C *'JMP** OPCODE 6092- CD 00 E0 2400 CMP $E000 6095- D0 14 2410 BNE DOS -NOT THERE! 2420 * 6097- 8D F5 03 2430 STA $3F5 & VECTOR 609A- A9 AE 2440 LDA # AM PER 609C- 8D F6 03 2450 STA $3F6 609F- A9 60 2460 LDA /amber 60A1- 8D F7 03 2470 STA $3F7 2480 * 60A4- A9 12 2490 LDA # BANNER DISPLAY BANNER 60A6- A0 60 2500 LDY /BANNER TEXT MESSAGE 60A8- 20 3A DB 2510 JSR STROUT 2520 DOS 60AB- 4C D0 03 2530 JMP $03D0 — > DOS/BASIC 2540 *- — — 2550 AMPER 2560 * 2570 * AMPERSAND ENTRY POINT 2580 * 60AE- AA 2590 TAX SAVE 1ST TOKEN 60AF- 20 B1 00 2600 JSR CHRGET GET 2ND TOKEN 60B2- 08 2610 PHP SAVE STATUS 2620 * 60B3- E0 BC 2630 CPX #188 "LIST" TOKEN? 60B5- F0 08 2640 BEQ XLIST 60B7- E0 4C 2650 CPX #$4C "L" CHAR? 60B9- F0 04 2660 BEQ XLIST 60BB- 28 2670 PLP 2680 ERROR 60BC- 4C C9 DE 2690 JMP SNERR SYNTAX ERROR 2700 *- — 2710 XLIST 60BF- 28 2720 PLP 60C0- 90 0A 2730 BCC LIS010 DIGIT NEXT 60C2- F0 08 2 740 BEQ LIS010 : OR EOL 60C4- C9 C9 2750 CMP #$C9 "-" TOKEN 60C6- F0 04 2760 BEQ LIS010 LIST -. . . 60C8- C9 2C 2770 CMP #$2C " , " CHAR 60CA- D0 F0 2780 BNE ERROR -ERROR 2790 LIS010 60CC- 20 0C DA 2800 JSR LINGET GET LINE NR 60CF- 20 lA D6 2810 JSR FNDLIN LOWTR -> LINE 60D2- 20 B7 00 2820 JSR CHRGOT NEXT CHAR 60D5- F0 10 2830 BEQ LIS030 : OR EOL 60D7- C9 C9 2840 CMP #$C9 TOKEN 60D9- F0 04 2850 BEQ LIS020 60DB- C9 2C 2860 CMP #$2C " , " CHAR 60DD- D0 DD 2870 BNE ERROR -ERROR 42 Apple Orchard Apple Computers end Video Tq|^ Recorders Go Ibgether It’s amazing how many Apple owner’s also own a video cassette recorder. Sooooooo The Video Switch Box To thank the Apple community for your support of the various M & R ENTERPRISE products over the years, we’re offering an extra-special deal. SEND CHECK OR MONEY ORDER TO: M & R ENTERPRISES, 910 GEORGE ST, SANTA CLARA, CA. 95050 FUNCTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 CHANNEL SETTING TV VCR WATCH TV B B B B B A ANY ANY WATCH VIDEO CASSETTE A A A A A A 3(4) ANY WATCH AUXILIARY B B •B B A A 3(4) ANY PLAY VIDEO GAME B B B B B B 3(4) ANY RECORD TV A A A A A A 3(4) ANY RECORD AUXILIARY A A B A A A 3(4) 3(4) RECORD AUXILIARY+ WATCH TV B A B A B A ANY 3(4) RECORD TV + WATCH AUXILIARY A B A B A A 3(4) ANY U.S.A. Sales Only $ 29.95 California Residents add 6 V 2 % Sales Tax ($1.95) • Brings all video components under simultaneous control • Eliminates unnecessary extra wiring while it restores the remote control function of the cable TV tuner • Handles 5 inputs including; cable converter, disc player, video games, TV antenna or cable, your Apple computer, TV, VCR and auxiliary • With the touch of a switch, your television turns into a multi-media event ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON I-* I-* M !-• M I-* M H* M h-' M H* H-* M (-• H* M ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta a a a N) Ni to to K) M h-* !-• H-* H* ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta w w w w w w o 0 1 > 1 «o 1 U1 1 to 1 1 0 1 > 1 'O 1 CJ1 1 CO 1 M 1 1 a 1 CO 1 VO 1 00 1 1 CJl 4^ 1 M 1 w 1 o > 1 00 1 ON 1 4^ 1 N) 1 ta 1 M 1 0 1 VO 1 1 cn 1 to 1 1 > > 00 > to 00 00 > to 00 CO w D o CO o > CO O to to CiO > 00 00 > a ta > 00 > O to to VO a VO Q a a vO ta 4^ Q Q 4^ ta cn »-• 00 > h-* 00 ta ta ta M ta CJl CJl VO ta cn CJl a VO a a a OD to ts ta to Q Q ea 00 CO Q CJ1 ta cn vO vD VO 4^ VO ta CJl CJl ta Ul cn ta a a a txi Ln <S CO Q VO ON Q CJ1 CO to ta 4^ h-* 00 CO CO CO CO I-* M ta ON ta cn ta cn o M ON ON ON ON ON a C5N ON a a Q to Q Q to > to ta > a LJ U) CJ CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO (O CO CO CO (O CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO tvj N) INJ NJ to to to to to to •to to 4^ 4^ 4^ CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO to to to to to to to to to to H-* M M H* M M M H* M ta ta ta ta ta ta ta Q ta ta VO vO 'O VO vO CO VO CO CO CO 00 00 OJ to M Q vO CD ON C/1 4^ CO to ta vD 00 -0 ON oi 4^ CO to M ta vD 00 'O ON cn 4^ CO to M ta vD 00 ON CJl 4^ CO to M Q VO 00 -J ON cn 4>. CO to H-* a vO CO SJ Q Q Q Q Q ts Q Q Q Q ta «a Q ca Q ta ca ta Q ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta a a a a ir* * * * tr'jf tr* ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON h-* H* M H* M »-• M !-• M H* M M M M !-• !-• M !-• h-* H* M M M !-• M M h-' M M M 1— ' M M h-* •vj -o ON ON ON ON ON ON ON cn cn cn cn cn cn cn 4^ 4^ 4^ 4- 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ CO CO CO CO to CO to CO to -vj 1 cn 1 CO 1 t*l 1 0 > 1 i 00 1 ON 1 1 I-* 1 1 O CO ^ 1 1 c^ CO 1 a 0 1 > 1 00 1 ON 1 4^ 1 CO N) 1 1 a ^ 1 1 a 1 CO 1 VO 1 OT cn 1 CO 1 a 1 W 1 > O O > to o o n a > > 00 4^ > a O 4^ to 4^ 00 CO CO O > CO > o CO 00 O to > to to M a VO VO a a VO a VO a w VO D O VO a VO O a o cn ON I-* 00 > M 00 a M 4^ 00 a yD a VO a M CO to ON Q CO a to cn a to a a 00 a to a VO VO CO VO VO 00 4^ a ON CO a > a o cn td 4^ o w to ^ a > to to w 00 O CO CO CO 4ik CO cn CO to o ON ON ON ON ON o o ON ON ON a to a a a a to to 00 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO to CO CO VO VO VO vO VO VO VO VO VO CO 00 00 00 00 00 00 CD 00 00 00 -J 'O ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn cn 45* 4i^ 4^ 45^ 4^ 4^ vO 00 -o ON cn 4^ CO to a VO 00 >0 ON cn 4^ (O to h-* a VO 00 ON cn 45^ CO to M a VO QO -o ON cn 45* CO to M a CO 00 ON cn 4^ CO to h-* a CO 00 ON cn 4i» a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a ♦ ♦ ♦ f * V r jf jf ♦ ♦ ♦ * ♦ f 5 *- ♦ * * tr* H M M H 1 M 1 H CO cn cn cn cn 73 1 cn cn 1 w cn w CO CO to CO 73 1 25 to 1 X 0 to a a 0 1 D a 1 D to r H CO n a r cj ts CO 0 CO 0 CO C^ M cn w ir^ CO 0 a n 1 C, a 1 cn cn X M ^ X t^ CO to cn M Q r > o 2; s 0 cn 3 2: w s 2; 0 0 t -9 0 0 X 2 cn 1 2 cn 0 1 2 h3 t^ a x> 0 > 0 X a t -3 2 cn a cn X X > 73 W 73 a 73 3 X > > ?o > w no cn rr\ 1 no X X 1 no > X > K X Kj X w 3 =* h; k; X > X 0 o > tr* =t*= =#= X r r* =H= t -3 =M= f Ul 1 !z: n no 1 X tr* X X X X 0 =«: X =«= o H -cn <n 0 H </> H -cn H X <n X X -cn H -cn X 1 cn X X 1 H 0 0 X H H tr* 0 d to CJ ■</> w cn CO to C cn CO cn to cn H to t -3 CD cn to cn 1 s a 0 1 cn s; X 0 0 X cn 0 X X G •0 CO > a CO CO CO 0 ON X to ^ a CO to X 1 cn 0 0 1 a t -3 w CO X X X X tr* CO a to M a f IT* ir' a t^ 1 t -3 X 1 4^ X X t -3 a t^ X G D o cn a 0 a a a 0 0 0 M 1 t -3 1 a + X X a X t -3 0 0 0 1 1 H* ' — ' 2 ' — ' > X 1 1 % 0 > 1 1 1 X Kj o w s 1 = cn 73 _ _ 1 M »-3 t^ 1 1 cn !z; X 1 1 C-" IT' k; 1 0 ^ X 000 2 o w •2; .. ^ 7 i 2: cn 0 - h 3 1 X cn cn 1 M M t -3 < X cn X X G G > 2; 2; 0 = > M - - w — ■ X 0 — ' 0 1 H s: 1 2; •• 2; •• 0 > t -3 > X X »-3 cn t -3 1-3 0 !z: cn 73 t^ 0 3 1 t -3 a 1 X II X II X Si cn X X M n W »-3 0 0 w n r 0 n 1 X X 1 X M 0 w M 0 G X X X 2 X ^ cn X 1 M 2 J 1 ^T 0 M no a w 0 X M X X t -3 0 > 0 0 > > > > 1 2; 1 t -3 X > t-< X X W •• ?o 73 73 > ^-3 1 cn t -3 1 X X t -3 to X ^ tro 0 s: n > 0 - > > W 0 CC 1 0 1 -• G si ^ X X 73 7 J X cn 1 1 X t -3 •0 H 1> r 1 > 1 X IT* M X 0 X X M •0 1 1 M 0 X X X >z 1 cn 1 X w 0 to w 1 1 X cn •nJ 44 Apple Orchard INTERNATIONAL APPLE CORE SPONSORING MEMBERS lAC Sponsors are a special breed. They are the organizations who contribute to and support many lAC activities. In addition, they provide us application notes concerning their products — notes that show new and different ways to utilize the sponsors’ products with modifications for special purposes. When you con- sider a software or product purchase, give our sponsors special consider- ation; they have shown that they care about their customers. Advanced Operating Systems 450 St John Rd. Suite 792 Michigan City, IN 46360 (219) 879-4693 AgDisk P. O. Box 80837 Lincoln, NE 68501 (402) 476-2811 Apple Computer, Inc. 10260 Bandley Drive Cupertino, CA 95014 (408) 996-1010 Apple Europe PCS Marketing 7 Rue de Chartres Neuilly Sur Seine France 92200 Bay Shore Medical Lab 250 Yaphank Rd. Patchogue, NY 11772 (516) 654-2211 Bite- Soft P. O. Box 175 N. Hollywood, CA 91603 (213) 843-1155 The Computer Lab 531 Broad St New London, CT 06320 (203)447 - 1079 Corvus Systems, Inc. 2009 O’Toole Ave. San Jose, CA 95131 (408) 946 - 7700 Enhanceware 91 Pioneer Place Durango, CO 81301 (303) 259 - 3598 Hayes Microcomputer 5835 Peachtree Corners E. Norcross, GA 30092 (404) 449 - 8791 Houston Instrument Division 8500 Cameron Rd. Austin, TX 78753 (512) 835 - 0900 Interactive Stmctures P. O. Box 404 Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004 (215) 667-1713 Leading Edge Products 225 Turnpike St Canton, MA 02021 (617)828-8150 M & R Enterprises 910 George St Santa Clara, CA 95050 (408) 980 - 0160 Nestar Systems, Inc. 2585 E. Bayshore Rd. Palo Alto, CA 94303 (415) 493 - 2223 Omega Microware 222 S. Riverside Chicago, IL 60606 Sirius Software 2011 Arden Way Suite 2 Sacramento, CA 95825 (916) 920-1939 Source Telecomputing 1616 Anderson Rd McLean, VA 22102 (703) 821 - 6660 SSM Microcomputer 2190 Paragon Dr. San Jose, CA 95131 (408) 946 - 7600 Steve Blackson Productions 4613 Redwood Drive Garland, TX 75043 (214) 840 - 1000 Sorrento Valley Associates 1 1722-D Sorrento Valley Rd San Diego, CA 92121 (714) 452-0101 Syntauri, Ltd. 3506 Waverly St Palo Alto, CA 94306 (415) 494-1017 Telecom Terminal Systems 3903 Grandview Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90066 (213) 390 - 9494 Verbatim Corporation 323 Soquel Way Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 245 - 4400 Xerox Retail Division 7700 Edgewater Dr. Suite 360 Oakland, CA 94621 (415) 632 - 5808 May -June 1982 45 a^ 0> 0> (T> 0> (T\ 0^ o a\ <T» (T> <y\ (T\ <T* <T> (T> c\ CT> (Ts cr> 0^ (T> <7> C\ c\ c\ 0^ <y> <3> G\ (T> ov cy> 0> C\ (Tt 0> <T\ 0> 0> M M I-* M M M M h-> M M M M M M M !-• M M H* h-* M M J-* M M h-* J-* M I-* M M M M M !-• M H* !-• M t— ' M o o a a a a O n o n o n o n DO DO DO DO DO DO DO > > > > > > > VO VO VO VO VO VO VO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 'O 0 1 vp 'O 1 Ln 1 (jj 1 Q 1 w 1 a 1 > 1 00 1 1 Ln 1 LJ 1 M 1 td 1 n > 1 1 Ln 1 to 1 SJ M t 1 DO 1 VO 1 1 4^ 1 to 1 SJ 1 td 1 0 1 > 1 00 1 <T\ 1 4^ 1 to 1 »n 1 n 1 > 1 ■o 1 Ln 1 to 1 SJ 1 td 1 0 1 > > to > D > to SI 0> to > 4^ DO n w a O Dd M n O o td O O td a o > o o > a O O to to > to > to VO td > a VO Q VO Q VO SI VO 00 S) VO 00 SI SI VO W S) vO td SJ w SJ vO td SJ VO td SJ VO vO SJ VO VO SJ VO Q SJ SJ VO S3 vO SJ SJ SJ (T\ SJ Ni Q Q Ln (T> 4^ Ln I-* M to SJ SJ DO Q SJ SJ SJ 00 SJ SJ 00 SJ S3 O Ln SJ O to SJ n vO to C\ LO LO SJ ►d M SJ to SJ Q DO 'O a O S) a DO ro S) "J (jj to Ln LO Ln 00 to Ln LO M 0^ LO ►4. td to O > to > 00 VO a > LO DO to o 4^ o^ 0> ON (T\ cy» o\ cs 0^ ON CT» a N) to to SI S) SJ SJ SJ to to to > 4^ 4^ 4^ 4i^ 4^ 4:^ 4^^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4- 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4* 4^ 4^ 4» 4^ 4- 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4- 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ Ln Ln U1 Ln Ln 4i^ 4^ 4i* 4i. 4^ ►4* 4^ 4^ 4^ 4^ LO (jO LJ LJ CO to to LO (jj to to to to to to to to to to to M M t-* M M M M M M SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ U1 4^ to to H* Q VO 00 (T\ Ln 4^ (jJ to M S} VO 00 c\ Ln 4> LO to !-• SJ VO 00 ■o (T» Ln 4» LO to h-* SJ VO 00 'O Ch Ln 4^ LO to M SJ VO 00 Ln 4^ LO to M SJ Q Q Q Q s> Q Q SI S) Q Q S> S5 S5 SJ Q SI Q SJ Q S) S) SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ Q SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ S3 Q SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ SJ S3 SJ SJ f t^ f S' r tr* t-< f f t^ H M M H M M H M M M H 03 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO c\ 0> LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO t-* SJ SJ 'O C3^ Ln 4^ LO LO LO to Qt:^c^rL^lJ)t^'c^o^c^t^'►drowoQQMron^s}HtdawOQHtxlOQMOTO^t-^wn^Jt^C]dOQWc^c^t-'c^rc|(J^w^roa o CO a 5?; o CO 73 CO n G O Id 2 2 d td 3 2 2 2 G X 2 G 2 CO CO G CO G CO o d G > '73 > td > 73 > > 73 > > CO O 73 o td 73 O G o W d td d o td d > td d > td d td 73 d '> d > d n X X td =«= O =»♦: tr* =«: X X G G 44= G 4fc H G H G 44= H G 44= H G 44= 44= G 44= 44= G 44= G H X 44= H 44= o G 44= o G ■Ln < M -cn O -LO O -CO M M ■LO X H -cn > M > M -Ln > H •Ln > M -cn -cn M ■Ln -cn M -cn M G o ■Ln > LO d M J-* G H to 73 CO Ln G 4^ G Ln CO CO to CO G W CO OT CO 00 ro CO 00 ro CO O Ln CO o to CO n CO G G LO W G CO to CO SJ ►d a t-3 SJ DO (Tt (T» SJ d LO to d LO d LO to d LO M M LO 4^ td LO O > LO > M td > o LO LO S' M a a M SJ G *o o <T» O GS o Ln d 4^ LO LO SJ G LO to O SJ o o SJ Ln O SJ d SJ 73 SJ d SJ SJ 4^ to S3 O S3 Ln G ro o d 2 G 1 1 1 G d h3 ►-3 td . - r r r o = »-3 1 1 73 G 1 d d o M > td n d G d td 3 > > G 2 > d > > > 4- o .. > Kj G > o y< > td o o 3 d o d d > 2 w to DO G td DO o DO G z r z r G = DO td O G d td n > G G td G M > O — , 2 d d X d td G 1-3 CSl G td d G n td 1-9 r o O O to to G O n ^3 M n H . d d W d td td 73 d d s G O 3 O G O o o o G W d o > o X •-3 O t-3 n > 3 55 3 G > o n d G > M G to n G 1-3 O •• V 1-3 O O o d td d td td d o G G O G o G G > 3 II II d O G 3 G O G G o d 73 73 td o »-3 3 O td > d d td O 3 G td G 3 G M G a 3 > td 73 G G SJ SJ 73 d 2 G 2 W to O d W n > - G G G G 4» •o d •o o ►-3 G d G O G G w > CT\ G\ 0^ (7^ a^ G G G cn 03 G (53 G 03 03 G 03 G 03 03 03 03 G cn 03 G G G G G G to to to to to to to to to G G G G G G G h-‘ M I-* t-* t-* t-* M (-* J-* 1-' M J-* 1— M to to to M M H-* M h-* !-• M SJ G Q SJ SJ SJ d d d d d d d d td td td td td td td td td O cn 1 4^ 1 M 1 d 1 a 1 DO 1 G 1 1 G 1 S3 1 td 1 W G 1 1 4i> 1 G 1 d 1 0 1 DO 1 VO as 1 4^ 1 G 1 G 1 d 1 ? 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Do you have difficulty operating your printer when connected to a time-sharing computer? Are files you’re trying to download too large for your system buffer? Does your host computer lose data when you send files to it? A. “The Professionals’’ incorporate printer ring buffers which allow slower printers to accept data at their own rates. Very large files are easily received by periodically saving the buffer to disk. Unlike some software which can lose data during disk saves, “The Professionals” not only direct the host to stop, but actually wait for it to respond before performing the save. After a successful save, the host is automatically directed to continue. This process may be repeated indefinitely. Lost data during send is virtually eliminated by the widest variety of send options available in any communications software. “The Professionals” ensure fast, reliable data trans- fer of any valuable business information. Authors Does your line of work involve sending written material to others? Are you a program author who would like to send work in progress to a partner or client and know that it arrived intact? What would the ability to instantly send material or programs to anyone at any time be worth to you? “The Professionals” provide the ideal way to send your articles, manuscripts, reports, programs and technical documents to another computer with phone line access. Now you can work WHEREVER you want, and be assured that your data is sent to its destination quickly and error-free. In fact, compared to the fastest mail services, “The Professionals” of- fer immediate delivery and will save you the pur- chase price in just a few uses. Students Q. Are you bothered by limited access to your school’s existing terminals? Would you like to be able to do your school assignments at home at your own con- venience? A. “The Professionals” allow you to access virtually any dial-up school or college computer system over standard telephone lines. This means no more waiting in line for an available terminal or hassles with malfunctioning school equipment. You can even prepare term papers or reports while off-line and send the completed work to the school com- puter for final printing. Best of all, you can work from home at the times most convenient for you. Time Share Users Q. Are you tired of wasting time and money sending or receiving files with inadequate, poorly designed software? Do you find yourself manually performing the same lengthy log-in procedures over and over again? Would you like to automate these procedures for yourself and others? A. “The Professionals” allow you to send files which have been prepared in advance. They may then be transferred at any time, as quickly as possible — even to several different systems. No time is wasted reviewing information while on line; data may be captured by your computer or printer (or both) to be evaluated later at your convenience. These fea- tures assure minimum on-line time and therefore minimum on-line cost. “The Professionals” introduce macros that are more sophisticated than anything previously seen in com- munications software. These “hand-shaking” mac- ros allow you to perform complete multi-stage log-on sequences automatically; all you do is specify the system to be called. This eliminates sign-on errors and greatly simplifies operation of the entire system, not only for you, but for other less skilled operators. Bulletin Boards Q. Would you like to be able to take advantage of the in- formation featured on local bulletin boards and infor- mation services such as The Source, CompuServe, Dow Jones, and others? A. “The Professionals” open the world of modem com- munication networks to you. There are already thousands of these systems and networks in use na- tionwide. “The Professionals” provide an ideal way of accessing these systems. All 80 column boards, external terminals (even the 40 column screen), and currently available communications devices are fully supported, including the Hayes Micromodem II and Novation Apple CAT. All standard baud rates — 110, 300, 1200 and others — are fully supported; BAUDOT too, if your computer is equipped with the Apple CAT modem. Clubs Q. Are there other Apple owners with whom you would like to exchange programs or files, but have been unable to do so because of limitations imposed by the software you now use? A. Any two Apples equipped with “The Professionals” can transfer ANY type or size file with complete error checking and correction. All of “The Professional” packages are fully conversant with each other and operate almost Identically. For the first time ever, you can transfer compatible files to an operating system different from yours — error free! “The Professional” Series Communications Software Excellence in Apple O soutnujesteRn data svstams^” *CP/M is a trademark of Digital Research. * ‘Apple is a trademark of Apple Computers, Inc. P.O. Box 582-AO Santee, CA 92071 714-562-3670 0> 0^ ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON CJN ON 01 (3N ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON as ON ON as as G ON ON as ON to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to G to G 'O ^ ^ 'J ^ -O ON ON ON ON ON ON ON Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul cn (ji 4s* 4i* 4S* 4s* 4s* 4:^ 4^ G CO G w G G (jj G G to G G 0 W VO 1 1 1 1 ^ to ts O 1 1 1 1 O VO ^ 1 1 1 ON 1 Ul to G 1 1 1 n 1 VO 1 ON 1 CO 1 K) St G O 1 1 1 1 TO 1 VO G 1 1 G 1 (jJ 1 M 1 G 1 0 1 w 1 VO 1 •vj as 1 1 4* 1 G 1 St 1 D rt VO 1 1 1 U) > (DO (DO ^ ►o o 00 ON CO > ON 4^ n n to w w to ON W O ON M O ON to > O > G G O 4i* G to ON > H- G (DO to ON (J1 n o VO o St O VO CO ro rt w St w w St (St St VO CJI G St CO St VO St vO G Si Si G G VO > a O G G VO VO VO Ui ►O Q tS S) to G St to St St G St to to G G > to M to N) to to St St St St w O to tS 4^ Q Ul Ul VO Ul Ul w t-* 00 4:^ G O St G G 4s* VO w 4^ G as G G a ON ON ON ON ON ON ON O G ON ON ON to <a S) St St to St St > O St St St Ul UN <J1 Ol UN U1 (J1 U1 U1 (J1 (ji m UN ui Ul Ul U1 UN Ul Ul (ji Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul (ji Ul cn cn cn (Ji G cn cn G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON UN (J1 UiUiUiLnuiUiUiUi45k.p:k4:k4ik45k4:^ 45^ 4s* to CO CO CO to CO G CO G to to to to to to to to to to !-• !-• I-* !-• H* M M *0 ON Ln u> to M Q VOCD'OONUl.t^COtOMQvOtDO ^ (3N Ul to to M St VO G -O ON cn 4S* W to M St VO CO •vj ON G 4^ G to M St VO CO 'O ON G 4* G G tS t53 C2 CaQQCatSQQQQQ(SQ(S(S(S St Q S) St S) O St St St St Q St St St St Si St St St St Q Si St St St St Si St St Si Q St St St St (St (St Si ♦ ♦ * * * X O O ♦ 4 * F 1 o > > < < > > ►no H 1 G w W G G G G 2 o w 25 1 •-3 (J1 4^ G G O G q H •0 1 a G G G 2 cn IT* W cn G !z; JO 1 q to n CO o JO CO G G GOD q H M q to G W O > O O W G q G ro O G ro w O G > G > G O M *-3 w a CO 1 2 W 2 •-3 h3 O G G W W CO G G w •^020 G G “ G O 2 2 O G 2 2 G a O o O G 25 > G n XX > 1 ►0 o ►o > CO > > > > n n G n o G W G G O O G > G > G G > o H G > o G o :> n n G • C*3 1 ro ^ </> a ffi 1 o >-a ^ ►o ►0 m: •-3 ^ H •-3 h3 O o •-3 o 41= O ►-3 •^ O 4fc •-3 •-3 n M </> VO VO w 1 C > (S JO JO -CO > > G > > G < 4^ G > O </> > G G > > G G > > o •-3 G VO w M 1 H to w W to w w O W W D G St W a > w Si W w w w 25 G z Q 21 f 1 O ui < < St TJ G W G G O G G 4s* 4^ 4i. H G G > H H 1 o n n O O G O O G G o G G G > 25 1 re G G G •^ G G to G Ct K! w (J1 1 1 1 •-3 > •-3“ o 1 1 O G > s: CO 2 1 1 CO > •-3 W > h3 O 1 1 2 M M G 1 1 G •^ 1 1 G 4- * - — » G W H t=d > w 1 H 25 > > 2 X G G < G > tz: G > > G G M O H- ►<5 G > G to -1- 25 o M = JO M 1 CO G < - G > O G G O G G G TO M O G o O G G G < G 2! 2 K w 1 G W G G O 1-3 *-3 G G G G G G G G G h3 O M c *0 1 G O < O > M G G M G G > < •^ G G G O M • G tr* H 50 1 M H G > G G W G G G G k; > G •-3 G z H W H 1 •-3 0 ffi > G CO O X O •o G G W O 2 > > O G G 25 . o 1 ffi W G IS G W •-3 G G O G G G > G G W G G G a re 1 > W G > G M G (-3 G > •-3 G O O G > • *-3 1 JO o > o •^ G •-3 o G > G Q •^ •o < M G O s o 1 1 w M O G G 3 X O H G > G - G 1 > w G O G G G G G - G H 1 JO G G G •-3 •o a G 2 1 G — G ON as ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON ON G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G w > > > > > > VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 •-J M G 1 ro 1 VO 1 (5N G 1 (St 1 G 1 w 1 T 1 ON 1 4s. 1 G 1 M 1 G 1 w 1 0 1 Cd 1 00 1 G 1 4* 1 !-• 1 G 1 G G G M G G G !-• G 4^ 00 > ON > > CJN M VO a VO Cd rt G G St n St St O O Si St O O > 00 VO VO > VO 00 00 St VO VO 00 Si St M G G Si M G M St G (Si C3N St G St G G > St CO W St St CO t-* Q > St St G > G 4* (St rt G o n o n o ON St G G St CO St St 00 St G St St O W as ON as ON ON as ON G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G St St Si St Si Si (St VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO VO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 --J ON ON ON G 4^ G G M St VO CO -j ON G 4s- G G t-* St VO 00 ON G 4* G G M St VO 00 -vj ON G 4^ G G h-* Si VD 00 St St Si St St St St St St (Si St St St St St St Si Q (St St St St St (St Q St St St Si (St St Si St St St (S St St St N ♦ G G Jf ♦ * G * * * 3 N 1 > > > 1 F tsi 1 a G n G 35 o G 1 H ISl 1 G G > G > G G 1 2 N 1 G G 2 G M G G 1 G N 1 G VO w q W W G W q G G rt o •^ o 1 q •-3 •-3 > G y^ > O •-3 W G G H to q q 1 H G 2 M H G 2 M G G X 1 2 X > O O > g G 3 *-3 O z w w G 2 1 •^ G G •^ •^ G G •^ G G G Z G *-3 O 1 G > y< O > X o O > G > > G G 1 X W G X X M G X > O 1 G X G -c/> G </> 1 W G > w w G > G 2 O M G 1 Si G G P H G O G 1 O O a o O O G O O 2 G 1 G M M H Z G G W 1 G Z G G 2 G 3 1 O 2 2 z ro % > 1 •^ G •^ •^ G G M > G 1 G G ro G G St 1 G n G G O VD G 2 2 Kj 1 G G to to 1 •^ G O 1 CaJ CO «• 1 G M •-3 O 1 k5 1 G 2 G O 1 1 2 O G s; 1 1 o rt 1 D rt rt 1 3 • G 2 1 G X— s ro G o n 2 G W o W G 1 2 g G •^ 2 G 1 G K G M G o G G G o M G 1 W G O G 2 O k5 O 3 ' 1 M - G G 2 G > G 2 O 1 !> G *• 2 > G M G 1 2 > G G cn G O G 2 k5 > > 1 G 1 G 1 o D G G k5 m 1 •^ G a G G G X G 1 n s: > g > G 1 G n •-3 > G 1 O K 1 G > o G G O O 1 M 1 M F G G G M G 1 •^ o H > •-3 o 2 M O G 1 V 2 > W H o V > 1 G G •-3 M G G O G s; o 1 W -f- G M O n 1 O G 2 O G •o • G 2 ' 1 W •^ to G •-3 G 1 W O G O 1 1 G G n > G 1 G X •o G X n 1 G G •-3 G O h3 1 1 1 1 G G G •-3 O 48 Apple Orchard SYMBOL TABLE 60AE- 6012- 0024- 00B1- 00B7- 6003- FDED- DAFB- 60AB" 009D- 60BC- D61A- 0085- ED34- 6229- 6089- D858- C000- C010- 600A- 6005- 6008- DA0C- 0050- 60CC- 60DF- 60E7- 60F8- 6113- 6115- 612C- 6138- 614D- 6153- 6161- 616E- 6173- 6182- 6194- 619A- 61A0- 61A7- 61AE- 61BA 61C1 61C1 61D7 61DE 61E5 61F3 61F6 AM PER BANNER CH CHRGET CHRGOT CONFLG GOUT CRDO DOS DSCTMP ERROR FNDLIN FORPNT FOUT INDENT INIT ISCNTC KBD KBDSTR LINBF2 LINBF3 LINBFR LINGET LINNUM LIS010 LIS020 LIS030 LIS040 LIS050 LIS060 LIS100 LIS120 LIS200 LIS300 LIS301 LIS310 LIS320 LIS325 LIS330 LIS332 LIS334 LIS340 LIS350 LIS360 LIS370 LIS600 LIS605 LIS610 LIS700 LIS710 LIS720 61FD- LIS730 6202- LIS735 6213- LIS740 621D- LIS750 6226- LIS760 009B- LOWTR D7D2- NEWSTT DB5C- OUTDO 6253- OVRFL2 624B- OVRFLO 629B- PAUSE 62A6- PAUSE2 62B1- PAUSE 9 6004- PREVCH DEC 9- SNERR DB3A- STROUT 6236- TAB 6266- TAB4 6267- TAB5 6005- TABFOR 6006- TABIF 6007- TXTFLG 0021- WNDWTH 6284- XLINP2 6277- XLINPR 60BF- XLIST 626D- XOUTDO 62B2- ZZZZZZ PARALLEL PRINTER CARO A Universal Centronics typ>e parallel printer board complete with cable and connector This unique board allows you to turn on and off the high bit so that you can access additional features! in many printers. Use with EPSON. ANADEX, STARWRITER. NEC, OKI. and other with standard Centronics con.lgu,a.,on DOUBLE DOS Plus — a piggyback board that plugs into the disk-controller card so that you can switch select between DOS 3.2 and DOS 3.3. ^Te^erfomjet^niTjei^onT^^ lor Epson, Aki, NEC 8023, CITOH 8510 provides resident screen dump and print formatting in firmware. Plugs into Apple slot and easily accessed through PR# command — Use with standard printer cards. $49.00 specify printer JCHMMiiror — Firmware for Novation Apple CAT II Modem. Emulates syntax of another popular Apple Modem product with improvements. Plugs directly on Apple CAT II Board. List $39.00 — Introductory Price $29.00 Dealer Dist. Inquires on all Products. 201 - 839-3478 1.000 <■' /4GAIN ! Ahead of all others. p,uio- expanded USES MANOA^ track/sector editor disk diagnostics FAST & MORE ACCURATE NIBBLES AWAY II THE ULTIMATE NEW AND IMPROVED DISK BACKUP SYSTEM NIBBLES AWAY II, second edition, is a greatly enhanced and im- proved version of our earlier product NIBBLES AWAY Many new and exciting features have been implemented in NIBBLES AWAY II to in- sure State of the Art' reliability Other similar systems on the market today (regardless of price) can't begin to compare with all the features built into NIBBLES AWAY If" COMPUTFR available to all earlier versions throi]^ applications lor a modest charge of Ten £ol^to cover manual. Diskette, and Postaoe & Handlmo mclude NAME and SERIAL ff of ORIGINAL ONLY 69.95 Dealer Inquiries Invited. mr.ICtater — J^f^s tomer A Super Mail List Plus more - up to 1000 Entries on single 3.3 Disk (only 1 Drive required) — 2 second access time to any name — full sort capabilities — Dual Index Modes — supports new 9 digit Zip. Easy to follow manual — Not Copy Protected — 4 user defined tables with 26 sort selections per table - Beta tested for 6 months — user defined label generation. INTRODUCTORY PRICE $99.00 Dealer & Dist. Inquiries Invited. Super PIX HIRES SCREEN The Software package that will allow your printer to dump page 1 or page 2 of the Apple Hires screen horizontally or vertically. Use with EPSON® MX-80 with or without GRAFTRAX® Roms, MX-70 — OKI® Microline 80, 82, 83, 82A, 83A - C. ITOH® 8510 and NEC 8023A. Requires Tymac Parallel Printer Board PPC-1 00 $24.95 THE APPLE CAPD — Two sided 100% plastic reference car^ Loaded with information of interest to all Apple owners $3 ge MiaO-niEDIST.»C. P.O. BOX 113 " POMPTON PLAlNf, NJ. 07444 May -June 1982 49 EDUCATIONAL USES OF THE COMPUTER by Ted Perry Educational Uses of the Computer The last few months have produced a number of new educa- tional magazines, the message of which is that the educational uses of the computer are beginning to flower. It is now possible to buy a computer solely for educational uses, and to find programs which legitimately justify the purchase. The time is ripe to explore some of the possible educational uses of the Apple. The educational uses of computers divide into two general categories: computer assisted instruction, and computer liter- acy. In this article we’ll consider some of the computer assisted instruction applications, saving computer literacy for a later article. Computer assisted instruction (CAl) can be further divided into subcategories, such as drill and practice, simula- tion, and problem solving. Some programs are written specifi- cally for CAl; others can be adapted for teaching purposes. The two extremes in CAl are drill and practice, and gamelike simulations for the improvement of thinking skills. Drill and practice is what most people think of when the words “computer assisted instruction” appear. There is a place for the computer version of the flash card. My first original program was a multiplication game. It was easy to write: Generate two random numbers and their product; Print the two numbers and ask for the product; Compare the response with the known product; Provide appropriate feedback to the student. The program was used by my kids for more than a month, when 1 discovered that there could be more to CAl than straight drill; it was possible for the CAl program not only to conduct the drill and keep score, but also to save that information on a disk. In this manner 1 could easily follow each student’s daily progress. Milliken Math was one of the first commercially available sets of materials that included full lesson planning and data collec- tion. Once 1 installed several sets of materials that included data collection; the computer was keeping the records, giving the children one-on-one practice, providing appropriate feed- back, and scoring the tests. The students (and their teacher!) were enjoying the fruits of the Apple. The students continued to enjoy trhe drill and practice as long as the problems were at an appropriate skill level, but 1 wanted more from the computer. 1 wanted to stimulate higher levels of thinking; 1 wanted the computer to teach problem solving. In the quest for problem solving software, 1 found the pro- grams that simulate the sale of lemonade or crossing the U. S. in a covered wagon, but 1 wanted more: a generic problem solving curriculum. 1 have not yet found it (if you know of one, please contact me . . . ), but 1 did discover the Adventure Game. For readers unfamiliar with adventure programs, take as an example the Princess and the Wizard, an adventure by On-Line Systems. As you boot the disk, you’re greeted by beautiful Hi-Res graphics, in color. The graphics change continually, showing you your surroundings as you explore the environ- ment. You explore by typing two-word sentences, one noun, one verb. e. g., “GO NORTH,” “GET ROCK,” “EAT APPLE,” etc. You start in a small town, and are told that you must rescue a princess, who has been kidnapped by an evil wizard. This isn’t simple; if the adventurer takes the task lightly, he will “die” rapidly. Care and forethought are rewarded; for example, if you “GET ROCK” without looking behind it, you may be bitten by a scorpion, ending that adventure quickly and (for you) fatally. {A more thoroXigh disussion of adventure games can be found in Apple Orchard, Fall 1981; back Issues are available.) With these adventures, 1 have filled classrooms with creative problem-solving discussions at very high levels of thinking. Students have discussed the possible outcomes of innumera- ble actions, and have gotten to a point that it is hard to find a program that completely surprises them (Not bad training for today ’s world! -PCW) Creative essays have been written by the students about the adventures, and the adventures have been rated for both difficulty and creativity. Students get together at recess time to plan their next assault on the wizard’s castle. 1 have accomplished my goal through the use of a set of pro- grams initially meant for recreational purposes. The moral of my stoiy is: don’t look for educational pro- grams only in the math section of your software supermarket. In future issues of Apple Orchard we’ll explore the educa- tional uses of the Apple; this is your magazine, for comments and/or contributions. Address your letters to Ted Perry, ED- SIG, c/o Apple Orchard. 50 Apple Orchard -<>- AccuRec TM # the integrated Time Recorder/ Wage Summary Program for Apple II business users: f >Easy to use. Enter initials and personal ID code 0 to clock in and out. \ I ^ Displays daily and weekly records. B I > Eliminate time-consuming 10 key conversion of time M cards into paychecks. " • > Prints an accurate record of attendance and ^ ^ gross wages. ^ % > Structure your workweek ^ and paydays. Set overtime $17995 » ^^^varia includes shipping ^ > Ideal to use with charges. ^ ^ payroll software. (Calif.res. add 6%)^F (requires time/clock interface board) Ikk INDIVIDUALIZED OPERAND lo A Division of Cassidy Research Corporation P.O. BOX 3030, San Rafael, CA 94912 • (415) 459-3383 Name Address. Attn. -□ -□ check enclosed send additional information _Phone_ Apple II is a reg. trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. ELIZA IS HERE! FULL ELIZA FOR YOUR APPLE! AT LAST! A FULL IMPLEMENTATION of the original ELIZA program is now available to run on your Apple II Computerl Created at MIT in 1966, ELIZA has become the world's most celebrated artificial intelligence demonstration program. ELIZA is a non-directive psychotherapist who analyzes each statement as you type it and then responds with her own comment or question — and her remarks are often startlingly appropriate! Designed to run on a large mainframe, ELIZA has hitherto been unavailable to personal computer users except in greatly stripped down versions lacking the sophistication which made the original program so fascinating. Now, our new Apple II version possessing the FULL power and range of expression of the original is being offered at the introductory price of only $25. And if you want to find out how she does it (or teach her to do more) we will include the complete Source Program for only $20 additional. Order your copy of ELIZA today and you'll never again wonder how to respond when you hear someone say "Okay, let's see what this computer of yours can actually dol" ELIZA IS AVAILABLE IN THE FOLLOWING DISK FORMATS: 1 . 5U inch for 48K Apple II with Applesoft ROM and DOS 3.3. $25 for Protected File — add $20 for Unprotected Source 2. bVi inch CP/M for Apple II equipped with Z-80 SoftCard. $25 for ELIZA.COM — add $20for Microsoft BASIC-80 Source ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH GROUP 921 NORTH LA JOLLA AVENUE, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90046 (213)656-7368 (213)654-2214 MC, VISA and CHECKS ACCEPTED Our DAISY puts out... With more data analysis power at a lower price... daisy "... one of the best statistical packages yet to be released for the Apple. For the price, perhaps the best..." — Cider Press FREE comprehensive Catalog and Newsletter with any purchase, otherwise send S2.00 U.S./S5.50 Foreign to cover shipping and handling. Ask about our special BONUS offer. Mail Order Dept. No. AO 19517 Business Center Dr. Northridge, Calif. 91324 "It covers 65-70 percent of my needs for data analysis and It provides me with options for data entry and manipulation that make It easy to prepare for the other 20-25 percent." — The Computing Teacher Requires an Apple* 48K with Applesoft ROM and DOS 3.3 $79.95 Ideal for business, scientific, and social science applications. Phone orders only (Need Mastercard or Visa) U.S.A. (except calif.) (800) 423-5441 calif, and Foreign (213) 349-0300 For information or technical questions (213) 349-5560 open rues. - Frl. •Apple is the registered trademark of Apple computer Inc. Add S2.50 U.S./S10.00 Foreign for shipping. Caiifornia residents add 6% saies tax. l^CSEast Coast Software APPLE SOFTWARE Stock List Your Number Price SSlOl A2-FSI Flight Sim 33.50 27.00 SS103 Apple Panic 29.95 22.50 SS106 Beer Run 34.95 27.25 SS107 Bug Attack 29.95 22.50 SS108 Castle Wolfenstein 29.95 22.50 SS109 Copts and Robbers 34.95 27.25 SSI 14 Cranston Manor 34.95 2725 SSI 18 DB Master 229.95 178.00 SS122 Epoch 34.95 27.25 SS125 Falcons 29.95 22.50 SS126 Firebird 29.95 22.50 SS129 Gorgon 39.95 30.50 SS132 Graphics Package 59.95 47.00 SS136 Home Accountant 74.95 58.50 SS137 Home Money Minder 34.95 27.25 SS138 Magic Window 99.95 75.00 Stock List Your Number Price SS141 Olympic Decathalon 29.95 22.50 SS144 PFS (Per File Sys) 125.00 99.95 SS146 Pool 1.5 34.95 27.25 SS148 Raster Blaster 29.95 22.50 SS149 Robot War 34.95 30.50 SS184 Saturn Navigator 24.95 20.00 SS152 Snack Attack 29.95 22.50 SS153 Sneakers 29.95 22.50 CH166 The Menu 29.95 22.50 CH167 The Slide Show 49.95 38.50 SS172 Typing Tutor II 24.95 20.00 SSI 75 Visicalc 3.3 (Sale) 250.00 180.00 SS176 Visidex 250.00 195.00 SS177 Visifile 250.00 195.00 SS178Visiterm 150.00 120.00 SS179Visitrend/ Visiplot 259.00 195.00 Toll Free Number Pending — Meanwhile, Call (COLLECT) 717-533-8125 EAST COAST SOFTWARE P.O. Box 138 Hershey, PA 17033 NO MINIMUM ORDER SHIPPING $2.00 VISA-M ASTERC ARD-C . O . D . -CHECK Prices Effective Through Current Issue Of This Magazine May -June 1982 51 HELLO, OPERATOR? (What’s an Operating System Anyway?) by Joe Budge There is something eerie about computers nowa(days: they’re too quiet. All those brains packecd in that tiny box, but the box just sits there. No lights flash, no bells ring. The fwap- fivap-fwap of shuffling cards is gone, along with the whirr and click of fly- ing tapes. Instead, you can occasion- ally hear a muted whisper from the disk drive. Progress, that password of the century, has eliminated the army of lights, buzzers, and switches that used to make us think of computers in capital letters. Progress, embodied in software, turned that cacophony into a silent humnrtm Software not only replaced the barrage of gadgets, it also supplanted the people those gadgets were built for. These were the “computer monitors,” the anointed who told the idiot savant what to do, when to do it, and how to behave. They called themselves system oper- ators. Programmers, showing their infinite capacity for cleverness, named the new software packages “operat- ing systems.” If a central processor is a com- puter’s heart, then the operating sys- tem is its soul. The operating system deter- mines every computer’s personality. Give an Apple /// the software replica of the Apple ll’s ROM-contained oper- ating system. Poof! Like a transvestite, the /// thinks it’s a 11. Feed the /// its own SOS, and it regains its own iden- tity. Commands, capabiities, and re- strictions vary widely between com- puter languages, but all of the behavioral differences come from the operating system. Take the example of printers and other plug-in devices. Apple Pascal always knows where these goodies are plugged in and how to work them. In contrast, the BASIC user must enter slot numbers, initia- tion codes, and other technical what- not. But the difference lies in the operating systems, not the languages. So what is an operating system, any- way? Back in the old days, at least thirty years ago, there was no such thing as an operating system. Computers could only run one program at a time. Typi- cally, only a few input and output devices were attached to the elec- tronic brain. The system operator, a human being, would load a deck of cards into a card reader, set the appropriate switches on the com- puter, and then punch the “GO” but- ton. When the program was done, its output would appear on a printer, punched tape, or new deck of cards. The operator would retrieve these materials, then set up for the next program. Not only did this make for long days, but there was so much running around that the computer sat idle most of the time. With computers costing millions of dollars, this was simply intolerable. Why not include some extra cards with the program, some software, to handle the set-up and link in the next job? Such were the meager beginnings of the operating system. As computers grew in size and cost, it was discovered that the sys- tems were still cooling their heels too often. The computer could compute about a thousand times faster than card readers could read, or printers could print. Well, why not let the com- puter work on several things at once? While one job was printing, a second could be running, and a third could be read. Just tack the extra control soft- ware onto the operating system. As a side benefit, the operating system learned how to work all of the peri- pheal, or plug-in, hardware. Programs didn’t have to be as complicated or detailed as before. Thus, life became a bit easier for computer program- mers. And then along came disk drives. All of a sudden, data access could be fast No one had to go get your card deck or tape any more; it was already hooked up to the computer. Since no one could type as fast as computers could compute, the gurus let several people type at once. Not to worry; the operating system kept track of who was doing what. They called ths new operating system feature “timeshar- ing.” Now, microcomputers are kind of simple-minded, as computers go. They don’t have multiple users, virtual memory, time sharing, and all the other fancy features built into large computers. At least not yet. So the operating system in a microcomputer 52 Apple Orchard can be a lot simpler. Really, all it needs to do is keep track of what’s where in memory, handle file storage, and make all the input and output devices work. How the operating system goes about this gives the computer some kind of “personality.” Consider that if all the data files, programs, input, and output must go through the operating system, why then everything goes through the operating system. That piece of software is the principal power broker of the computer. To do its job, the operating system contains three categories of sub- programs, which it uses to get differ- ent kinds of work done. The first group consists of the device drivers, which tell the haredware what to do and when. The drivers contain in- structions for putting characters on a screen, for making disk drives work, for sounding the bell, and all the other physical things a computer can do. As you can imagine, these are fun- damental programs which the com- puter must have to operate. The sec- ond group of programs keeps lists of information; lists of whafs stored where, lists of what programs are in memory, lists of where everything is in the computer. The third group of pro- grams is the interpreters for operating system commands. These take com- mands, figure them out, and deter- mine which programs from the first two groups must run in order to follow the command. Each of the sub-programs in the operating system plays an important role in giving the computer its per- sonality. Apple DOS (Disk Operating System) disks, Pascal disks, and Ap- ple III SOS disks are physically iden- tical. The only difference is that the list keeper in each operating system works in a different fashion. Since one list keeper doesn’t know how another works, these three types of disks can only be used on the operating system they first came from. Other sub- programs have similar effects. To list the contents of a disk, for example, the BASIC programmer with Apple DOS types “CATALOG.” The inter- preter Imows what to do with that command, and programs from the device drivers and list keepers are called into play to produce a catalog. In the Pascal system, on the other hand, the programmer must enter a special interpreter called a “Filer,” and then type “L” for “Listing,” or “E” for “Extended Directory Listing.” Since the operating system is all soft- ware, there’s no reason why the same function in the two systems coundn’t have been identical, but they aren’t. The differences usually arise because one programmer thinks he has a bet- ter way, or needs to accommodate some special functions. (/Vote; there's more humanity in these machines than meets the eye. A computer's 'personality" usually is not too far removed from the human who designed the operating system. For example, an error mes- sage could be ''Syntax Error," "You goofed. Dummy," "Error 423G," or "Please try again. " Which raises the question. To what extent is "artificial intelligence" merely our own reflec- tion in an electronic mirror, rather than a new source? —PCW) Ideally, sub-programs in all three groups should be independent of each other. Then, if a computer owner decides to do something different with his computer, he must change only the appropriate piece. Want a new disk drive? Change the disk driver. Want a different character font on the screen? Change the screen driver. Want a different set of commands, or a new one? Change the command interpreter. The Apple / //’s SOS works this way, which is the major advance in that computer (not four arrows on the keyboard). Sometimes the operating system is split up among many different pieces of software, however. In the Apple II, for instance, a program called the “Monitor” contains the sub-programs which work the video display and keyboard. Sub-programs which run printers are built into the interface cards you plug into the slots. Sub programs for the disk drives come in DOS. Some of the programs are built into the computer using ROM (read- only memory) chips, so they can’t be changed; any major changes would instantly render most of your software or hardware useless. As a con- sequence, any changes must be “patched” in with awkward signals. This is why the Apple II BASIC pro- grammer must start all DOS com- mands with a Control-D, for example. To get around this problem, Pascal, using the language card, turns off the Apple II’s built-in software. With the built-in software out of the way, new operating systems can work in the Apple II. There’s even a trend afoot to add a new level of programs to the operat- ing system. If you’ve ever played with Pascal, you know that the system software includes something called a “text editor.” This is a program which lets you enter, edit, and save typewrit- ing in the computer. The editor is there because you can’t write a pro- gram without it. But it turns out that the editor has all kinds of other handy uses, not the least of which is word processing. Just a few years ago, this would have been called applications software. Guess what? Almost every operating system on a microcom- puter contains some form of editor now. These range from the simple Escape-UKM commands of Apple II BASIC to the full-blown word proces- sor that comes with the Osborne computer. The trend is leading toward simpli- fication of the operating system from the user’s point of view. Operating systems, you see, used to be written by programmers for programmers. But non-programmers are using com- puters now. Non-programmers have neither the time nor the patience to learn a long list of operating system commands. To overcome this hurdle, operating systems are starting to use menus, from which a user selects the program or function of his choice, just like choosing a meal in a restau- rant. Special ways of pointing at the screen are being invented. In effect, the user will be able to point at the screen and say, “I want that.” Who knows, one of these days, we might be able to figure out these machines. A EUlOE TO PFiDsn^iMiniE ini ^PLEsarr Now everyone can master Applesoft® — the computer lan- guage that uses stan- dard English words and phrases as com- mands. An effective tool for putting Applesoft® in- to practice, this innovative handbook from Lawrenceville Press will be es- pecially useful whether you’re a begin- ning or intermediate computerist. Thought-provoking word problems together with clever drawings guide you directly to higher levels of achievement. All topics are arranged so you can concentrate on the sequence of study that particularly interests you. This far- By Bruce Presley reaching learning experience covers everything from the fundamentals of programming to decisions and loops . . . nested loops and subscripted vari- ables . . . mathematical functions . . . and data types. Motivating discussions on graphics, flowcharts, disk operating systems, and even computer games expand your range of computer applications. You’ll become expert at starting pro- grams . . . saving, recalling, and storing programs and data... using a tape recorder with the computer. . .using PEEK and POKE — methods of re- trieving contents and inserting data into the Apple’s memory... and per- forming other programming functions. 123 pages, 8 V 2 x 11, $12.95 paper MAIL COUPON TODAY FOR FREE EXAMINATION COPY I I Van Nostrand Reinhold I Mail Order Service j 7625 Empire Drive, Florence, KY 41042 I Send me A Guide to Programming in I Appiesoft® for 15 days FREE examina- I tion. After 15 days. I’ll send $12.95 plus I local sales tax and a small delivery and han- I dling charge — or return the book and I OWE NOTHING. ! Name I Address I City state Zip I Offer good in U.S. only and subject to credit depart- I ment approval. Payment must accompany orders I with RO. box addresses. Price subject to change. I 25890-9 A7256 54 Apple Orchard THREE PASCAL “FEATURES” by Paul A. Sand it’s often the case that what one person considers to be a bug in a program may be perceived as an unimportant quibble by someone else, or perhaps even a beneficial aspect. The saying, “That’s not a bug, it’s a feature!' is a relatively well-known epigram from the bizarre world of computer humor, showing that there can occasionally be disagreement about the seriousness of abnormal program behavior. In the course of writing a number of Pascal pro- LISTING 1 program testmod; var a, b: integer; function imod(a, b: integer): integer; (* Return a mod b, standard definition *) var r: real; i: integer; begin r := a/b; i := trunc(r); if (r >= 0) or (i = r) then imod := a - b * i else imod :=a-b* (i- 1) end; begin repeat write( ’Input a: ’ ) ; readln(a) ; write(’ Input b:’); readln(b) ; writeln( ’a = ’ , a) ; writeln( ’ b = ’ , b) ; writeln(’a mod b = a mod b); writeln(’a - b * (a div b) = ’ , a - b * (a div b)); writeln( ’ imod(a, b) = ’ , imod(a, b)) until a = 0 end. grams on the Apple 11, I’ve come across three interesting quirks in the system that 1 haven’t seen described before. Since you and 1 may not agree on the importance of these oddities, 1 11 avoid calling them “bugs, ” and you can draw your own conclusions. 1) The MOD Function Apple Pascal’s MOD function behaves neither like the standard mathematical definition of MOD, nor like the defi- nition given in most Pascal texts, including Pascal User Manual and Report by Jensen and Wirth. To demonstrate, we first need a little background. The conventional definition of the MOD function (see, for example, Knuth’s Fundamental Algorithms, Page 38) is something like this: A MOD B = A ■ B * FLOOR (A/B) (assuming B « 0) where the “floor” function is further defined as: FLOOR(X) = “The largest integer <= X” On the other hand, most Pascal texts either define MOD by saying “A MOD B is the remainder when A is divided by B,” or, as in Jensen and Wirth (Page 1 3), they may use the formula: AMODB =A -B *(ADIVB) The problem with these two definitions is that, depending on Pascal’s implementation of “DIV,” the two formulas can give two different answers when A or B are negative. In the case of Apple Pascal, they do in fact give different answers. What’s worse is that the actual MOD function in Apple Pascal can give a third different answer! The program in Listing 1 gives an example. In this program, the function “imod” was written to return the conventional value of A MOD B. The program simply asks for two integers, A and B, then returns the value of A MOD B calculated by the MOD function and also the two definitions above. If one enters the values -2 for A and 12 for B, the resulting output looks like this: A = -2 B = 12 AMODB=2 A-B*(ADIVB)=-2 imod(A, B) = 10 That’s three different answers for the same problem, depending on how we do the MOD calculation. The moral May - June 1 982 55 here is: Don’t always expect books to tell you what the computer is going to do. 2) Real Number Input It’s a frustrating thing to be forced to write your own routine to accomplish a certain task when you know that such a routine already exists, but is inaccessible to you. One such example in the Pascal system is the conversion of a string of characters into a number. The system “knows” how to do the translation — it happens every time a value is typed in at the keyboard or read from a text file. But if you want your program to do the same thing, you’ll have to write your own procedure to do it, because the system hides the procedure from you. Let’s assume you want to write a routine to translate a string of characters into a real number. One of the things you should know while writing such a module is the smallest and largest positive real numbers the system can represent, so your routine can avoid over- and underflows. To deter- mine these values, you might write a program like this: program readreal; var x: real begin whBe TRUE do begin write(‘Enter x’:); readln(x); writeln('x = ',x) end end. This program will blow up with a floating point execution error if you type in a number too large or too close to zero. With experimentation, you’ll find that the largest real number Pascal can represent is approximately 3.40E38, and the smallest positive real number is approximately 1.18E-38. Or, more accurately, these are the limits on the numbers one can enter using the READ procedure. A problem arises when you try to incorporate the smaller number into a program. If you use the lines: const TINY = 1.1 8E-38 or even: IFX>+ 1.18e-38THEN . . . ... the Pascal compiler will (Kaboom!) self-destruct on attempting to translate the number. To be more precise, the compiler program itself will halt with a floating point execu- tion error. What does this mean? Apparently, there are actually two different routines in the Pascal system for translating strings of characters into real numbers: one used by the READ statement, and one used by the compiler. And the routine the compiler uses will not translate some numbers which offer no problem to the other one. Here’s an example of another symptom of having two different real number conversion routines: program realtest; var x: real; begin repeat write('Enter x':); readln(x); writeln('x = ',x) untilx = 2.718281828 end. Most programmers know better than to compare two floating point numbers for exact equality. But in this exam- ple we might reasonably expect such a comparison to work. If you enter “2.718281828” the program should react nor- mally, shouldn’t it? Well, in Apple Pascal, it doesn’t. The two different conversion routines translate the strings (in the program and in the READ statement) into two ever so slightly different floating point representations. The com- parison fails, and the program continues on. There’s no good reason why there should be more than one such routine in the Apple Pascal system. (The one you may have to write will be at least the third!) A major benefit of using a modular programming language like Pascal is that one can write a single reliable procedure to accomplish a given task, and use it in a variety of applications. The moral: Duplicated programming effort is not only wasteful, but it can lead to — er, “features” — in your programs. 3)Real Number Output We just discussed the frustration one feels when a routine must be written to do something the system already knows how to do. Another kind of pain results when the language texts and system documentation spell out in detail what a given funtion does in different circumstances - and then in practice the function actually does something entirely different. Such is the case with the standard procedures WRITE or WRITELN when they are used to output real numbers. Most texts, as well as Apple’s own documentation, (seethe App/e Pascal Language Reference Manual Pages 36-37) des- cribe the procedure as follows: The statement: WRITELN(X: W: D) . . . will cause the real number X to be written, after it is converted to a string. The optional variables W and D con- trol the output format; W is the minimum number of charac- ters that will be printed, and D is the number of digits to be printed after the decimal point. So far, so good. Consider the program in Listing 2: USTING 2 program testwrite; var w, d, i : integer; X : real; begin x:= 0.123456; w := 20; d := 8; for i := 1 to 10 do begin writeln(x: w: d); x*-(10*x) end end. 56 Apple Orchard BUSINESS FOFIM PROCESSING Application Memo #1= INVOICES BLANK FORM REPORTS RECEIVABLES: BY DATE AND/OR CUSTOMER YEAR TO DATE BY CUSTOMER SALES BY PRODUCT DAILY INVENTORY ACTIVITY MONTH’S RESULTS BY SALESPERSON MAIL LABELS Other VersaForm Uses: • Purchase Orders i [ • Professional Billing \ L • Inventory Ledgers • Job Costing • Personnel Records Send for Application Note INV-01 VersaForm supports Apple II and Apple III. Hard Disk versions available Now there’s a way to quickly automate specific areas of your business . . . using existing forms. In a single session you can emulate a standard invoice on a personal computer (as shown on side). Automatic filling, calculating and data checking features to speed error-free processing. It’s called Business Form Processing, a brand new concept in desktop computing. Producing management reportsthat used to take days now takes minutes. Just specify which items contained within your form are to be sorted, sub and summary totalled. Each report as shown took only minutes to specify, and minutes to produce. It’s the combination of the easy-to-use reporting facility with its powerful forms emulator that makes VersaForm more than just a data base. You can use existing forms. With a simple output formatting module, VersaForm lets you overprint processed information to a pre-printed form, or to blank paper that becomes its own custom form. It even customizes your output to your printer’s line spacing and number of characters per line, and can omit confiden- tial data from final customer drafts. If you have a form, we’ve got the system and solution to higher productivity. Visit your local computer store where Apples are sold. YersaForm' Business Form Processor Applied Software Technology 14125 Capri Drive Los Gatos, California 95030 (408) 370-2662 Based on the above discussion, we would expect some thing like the following output: 0.12345600 1.23456000 12.34560000 123.45600000 1234.56000000 12345.60000000 123456.00000000 1234560.00000000 12345600.00000000 1 23456000.00000000 Instead, when we run the program, we get: 0.123456 M 1.23456 12.3456 123.456 1234.56 12345.6 123456. 1.2345^6 1.23456E7 1.23456E8 What’s the problem here? Not only does Pascal fail to print the eight digits we requested after the decimal point, it also switches over to scientific notation after a certain point And the extraneous “M” that appears after the first number is certainly a strange — er, “feature." I don’t know what else to say about it It seems that the output routines will display a maximum of six significant digits in a real number, presum- ably to protect the user from misinterpretinr the results of his/her program. The programmers who decided to im- plement real number formatting in this way no doubt had good reasons (in their own minds) for their decision, but the problem is that such behavior contradicts the documenta- tion and most Pascal texts. So here’s one possible solution to the problem; Listing 3 is a simple routine to convert a real number to a formatted string, using the same parameters for minimum field width and digits after the decimal point: USTING 3 procedure rtos(var s: string; r: real; len, ndlgits : integer); (* Convert real number (r) to a string (s) *) (* len = minimum field width *) (* ndigs = no. of digits after decimal pt. *) var negnum: boolean; si: string[l]; e, expo, 1: integer; plO: real; begin negnum := (r < 0.0); r := abs(r) + 0. 5/pwrof ten(ndigits) ; expo := 0; e := 32; while e > 0 do begin plO := pwroften(e); while r >= plO do begin r := r/plO; expo := expo + e end; e := e div 2 end; for i := expo downto 0 do begin sl[l] := chr(trunc(r) + 48); s := concat(s, si); r := 10.0 * (r - trunc(r)) end; if ndigits > 0 then begin s := concat(s, ’ . ’ ) ; for i := 1 to ndigits do begin sl[l] := chr(trunc(r) + 48); s := concat(s, si); r := 10.0 * (r - trunc(r)) end end; if negnum then s := concat(’-’ , s); while length(s) < len do s := concat ( ' ’ , s) end; The routine could, for example, replace the statement: WRITELN(X:W:D); with the two statements: RTOS(S, X, W, D); WRITELN(S) Disclaimer: Listing 3 isn’t meant to be a general-purpose real-to-string routine, just an indication of a possible solu- tion. It doesn’t take too much care in checking its input parameters, and it returns “noise” digits in the output string if one attempts to obtain more digits than Pascal can represent accurately. But enhancements to correct these features are easy to add; they are left to the interested reader. Conclusion I’ve tried to demonstrate three problems in Apple’s implementation of Pascal. 1 don’t want to make more out of it than is necessary; seen in the context of the whole Pascal system, they are relatively minor surprises that the majority of programmers will perhaps never come across. Apple Pascal, in my opinion, is still an excellent choice for software development On the other hand, 1 don’t want to minimize the serious- ness of such language quirks. They are undocumented pitfalls that the programmer must discover and avoid, so they do make one’s programming effort more difficult They also damage one of Pascal’s nicest benefits: its porta- bility. A Pascal program written on the Apple can be moved (in theory) to another computer and run with relatively little modification, and vice versa. But deviations and — er, “fea- tures” like these can make such modifications much more difficult. 58 Apple Orchard Write IBM on your Apple. Our UCSD p-System® lets you write applications on your Apple II that will run without recompilation on the IBM Personal Computer. And that’s not^all. Your UCSD p-System applications will also run on Commodore, Philips, Radio Shack and Texas Instruments — in fact, on just about any popular microcomputer you can name. Because SofTech Microsystems’ UCSD p-System Is the only microprocessor- independent operating system for 8-bit and 16-bit computers. Cur enhanced UCSD p-System gives you everything you need to develop genuinely portable, compact applications for almost every microcomputer owner. It allows you to work in any combination of UCSD Pascal® , BASIC and assembly language. And It provides support for dynamic memory management and multitasking, with a full arsenal of enhancements such as a powerful Screen Editor, Native Code Generators, TURTLEGRAPHICS and XenoFile®, for easy access to CP/M® disks and files. 50F7e^l_l micROSVSTems R SUBSfOfRRV OF SOFTECH So if you’re Interested in maximizing your hardware investment, developing portable applications and adding thousands of users to your customer list, contact SofTech Microsystems today. Cur UCSD p-System is available for distribution licensing as well as single copy purchase. Visa and MasterCard orders are welcome. Write or call ; SofTech Microsystems, Inc. 9494 Black Mountain Road, San Diego, CA 92126. (714) 578-6105, TWX: 910-335-1594. UCSD p-System and UCSD Pascal are trademarks of the Regents of the University of California. XenoFile is a trademark of SofTech Microsystems, Inc. Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research, Inc. SEVENTH ANNUAL COMPUTER FAIRE by Amanda Hixson For the past several years we have been presented with the West Coast Computer Faire and Convention. This event is the brain child of Jim Warren, and has been a showcase for the computer enthusiast in the past. In fact, the Apple 11 computer was first introduced at a previous West Coast Faire. Little did anyone know, then... Some of the prior shows have resembled crowded bazaars rather than sophisticated demonstrations of current computer products. This year’s Show bore much less resemb- lance to a town square market place than past shows. Certainly, there were the usual masses of computer fanat- ics, but this year’s Faire contained some striking new elements. The most important was the concentration on the end user, and the increasing pro- fessionalism by both manufacturers and retailers. 60 Apple Orchard In the past, it had often been diffi- cult to tell the buyers from the sellers. Much of this was due to the industry’s lack of polish, and the quickness with which which the industry was devel- oping. This year’s Faire evidenced a maturation of both the consumers and the vendors present. No longer will we deal only with the blue-jeaned programmer; now we must contend with the slick Madison Avenue pro- fessional in the three-piece suit as he hawks the wares of various software and hardware houses. access) is around $500, and addi- tional boards run around $180 per station. The whole system operates with a number of hard or floppy disk systems. Not only does industry competition create a competitive basic price struc- ture for the consumer, but it also creates the need for new product development and upgrading of al- ready existing packages. This benefits those of us who already own systems because it gives us a wide variety of products from which to choose, whether they are completely new and different or just enhancements of cur- rently available software. Some of the products generated for the Apple are the result of this process, and this year’s Faire included some of these items. There were several printer att- achments which created storage buffers for different Apple compatible printers, like the Epson line. Several of these buffers have the capacity to store up to 32K of information, and New Products and Prices This fierce competition in the computer industry will benefit the consumer for many reasons, the most important one being the lowering of prices for many types of computer products. Apple users became very aware of this as they made their way through the throngs and were con- fronted with items like Xebec’s 5- megabyte hard disk system for less than $1500. {Xebec showed poor taste in their slogan, though; imag- ine "Join the Hardcore...Forget the Applecore...." Forget, heck!! ^PCW). Also mentioned was a twenty-five meg 5Va” hard disk system being deve- loped by one of the industry front- runners, with possible release by the end of the year. There was also a remote operating system for the Apple which could handle up to 1 27 remote Apples, and which was not proprie- tary to Corvus or any other single manufacturer’s drives. The cost of the initial system (two or three user May - June 1 982 61 make it possible for the user to use the computer while the printer is print- ing reports or other information. One unit, the “Doubletimer,” included an interrupt method for the Apple. These are very nice for people who often find they are losing valuable time because they have to wait for the printer to finish before they can resume data input. One version of this add-on even has an isolator with two external out- lets for attaching still more peripher- als to your Apple. Much of the software and hardware wasn’t really new, but some of it was made available to other machines, like Versa-form for the Apple ///. Many programs and hardware which previously were not able to run on the Apple /// were available at this year’s Faire. Unfortunately, still isn’t as much as the Apple /// user could hope for. One interesting sidelight was the combination of a ///, an ink-jet color printer, and noted artist Saul Bern- stein. Mr. Bernstein is working on an internal project for Apple Computer, and was doing portraits with a gra- phics tablet and light pen, much to the enjoyment of the crowd. (More on Mr. Bernstein is scheduled for our July-August issue.) Games An area of intrerest to many Apple users is in game software, which was present in great profusion at this year’s convention. Games have been an area of frustration for many adults. Many claim that they attended this year’s Faire to see the latest develop- ments in useful programs, and are annoyed by the game vendors who jam every aisle with groups of child- ren gathering around machines to watch their friends blast alien invad- ers, perform daring escapes and res- cues, and die a thousand deaths. Games abounded; and the kids were the experts. it was almost impossible to get close to machines where games were being played; but it seemed to me that many of the adults’ real annoyance came from the fact that they wanted to play the games, and knew that most of the kids could beat the pants off of them, so they were too embar- rassed to play. The large number of games has created a real problem for manufac- turers because they must be highly innovative in order to stay ahead of their market. The short lives of many game programs make it very difficult for these companies to maintain in- terest in some of their products. Because of this, the consumer has to be very careful in selecting games. Slick packages often hide poor prod- ucts in this area. This marketing tech- nique is probably one of the hardest to penetrate, and special care should be exercised in buying game soft- ware. Many game programs for the Apple have similar names and very fancy jackets and trying to find the best of the lot is often difficult. Other Games The Seventh Faire could be called the Year of the Copycat. Many com- panies were displaying products that were very similar to products already on the market. The Franklin compu- ter purported to be compatible with most of the products available for the Apple, but did not come with any standard color capability. Color does not seem to be an insurmountable problem; it just takes the time and 62 Apple Orchard MdbELGB75© Typewriter interface Apple to IBM Electronic 50, 60, 75 Typewriters Interface ■ Reads IBM keyboard in parallel with Apple keyboard ■ Sup- ports the IBM code functions using an escape sequence ■ Types at about 13 characters per second ■ Prints from Integer or Applesoft programs ■ Sup- ports the “Control I Number N“ parallel line length mode se- quence ■ Has switch selec- table upper/lower case I/O 60, 66, 78 continuous from feed page lengths, 40+video, 80, 95, 132 character line lengths Suggested price $225.00 Shift and lock for upper and^ lowercase ■ Source switches between 40x24 and 80x24 soft-rj ware and hardware ■ Rated video card by Softalk and Call Apple Suggested price $395.00 VISION 40 Softscreen programmable char- acter/generator card for the Apple II computer ■ Allows use of DOS tool kit upper/lower case character sets in Apple 40 column mode ■ Permits crea- tion of new alpha/numeric and graphic characters under Am- inatrlx ■ Ideal for non-English language applications ■ Compatible with most popular word processing software pack- ages Suggested price $195.00 VISION 20 ■ Cost effective ■ Compat- ible with the latest Apple II ■ Complete easy to follow instal- lation guide ■ 120 day war- ranty ■ Immediate delivery Suggested price $29.95 1317 E. Edinger Santa Ana, CA 92705 (714) 953-0523 ’“Digital Research, Inc. ®Designed by Burtronix MODEL 150 TYPE^'^^fi AHEAD BUFFER ^ ■ Up to 40 character type ahead capability ■ Enter commands or data while your Apple is pro- cessing previous instructions ■ Compatible with all Apple computers, keyboards and software ■ No cuts — no jumpers — no software patches required ■ Includes complete Instructions for quick and easy installation Suggested price $49.95 A800© FLOPPY DISK CONTROLLER ■ High speed DMA transfer of data (1 micro-second/byte) ■ Documentation provided — in- cludes theory of operation, schematics and diskettes ■ Uses all standard Apple DOS commands (OPEN, CATALOG, LOCK, DELETE, LOAD, etc.) except for I NIT which has been improved and enhanced in a Vista format routine ■ Com- patible with Apple DOS 3.3, Pascal 1 .1 and CP/M 2.2 (with the Z80 soft card by Microsoft)* 2K X 8 PROM contains Autoboot functions and all eight-inch floppy driver code allowing complete compatibility with Apple DOS 3.3 Suggested price $595.00 PROM DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM© ■ Menu driven program devel- opment monitor ■ Programs 2708, 2716, 2532, 2732and 48016 EPROMS ■ Simulates PROM from RAM 4K ■ Data and ad- dress interface for operator location and control ■ Com- plete user documentation Suggested price $495.00 TIMECARD III© Multi-function time utility for the APPLE III computer system. Contains the yearof the century, the month, the date, the day of week, the hour, the minute, the second. ■ A countdown timer with a range of one millisecond to 999 hours, 59 minutes, 59 seconds, 999 milliseconds ■ Selectable 12 or 24 hour time formats ■ Diagnostic error reporting ■ Fully compatible with the APPLE SOS operating system Suggested price $195.00 VISION 80 ■ Full upper and lower case character with 3 dot descenders ■ 9x10 dot matrix per line U.S. (9x11 Europe) ■ 128 ASCII ■ BASIC, FOR- character set TRAN and Pascal languages supported ■ Z80"“ and CP/M"** comtible ■ Compatible with all standard Apple"* peripherals m — m COMPUTER wISd, ©Copyright 1981 Vista Computer Company, Inc. ’“Apple Computer Company, Inc. of apple add-ons from I— -m. COMPUTER w ISKw Available through your local computer dealer. effort to develop it. But the Franklin comes with standard 80-column up- per and lower case letters. There was also a machine, very similar to the Apple, which was designed for the European market and had a Euro- pean keyboard and fonts. Several companies went after other established machines. The Osborne 1, last year’s portable newcomer, was upstaged this year by the Otrona and the Keycomp 11, new entries trying to grab a segment of the rapidly growing “sewing machine look alike” market. In addition to machine copies, there were also many add-on boards and peripherals which give one machine the characteristics of another. For the Apple, this meant the introduction of boards similar to those which run the IBM Personal Computer. Several boards of this type are available, and they give the Apple II access to pro- grams written for the IBM. That’s an indication of why the Apple is still a very popular machine. It’s possible to create so many peripherals which give the dedicated Apple user the abil- ity to derive benefit from items deve- loped for other machines. 8088, 6809, 68000 (!) and other similar boards are evidence that the development of other system hardware will continue for Apple users. Professionalism is coming to the micro industry ... at last And From Here... Many of the larger companies are engaged in closed door meetings to begin development of products de- signed to capture a large market share of the new market created by these machines. One area where a large concentration of effort is taking place is in the choice of operating systems for these new products. We will probably begin to experience a struggle between different oprating system development companies and will probably begin to see variations on (JNIX, OASIS, and other in-house operating systems. Many people at the Faire expected to see a new 16-bit machine an- PROTECT YOUR APPLE* ...FROM OVERHEATING Did you know. . . • Your Apple can become very hot inside • The more accessories you add, the hotter it gets • A cooler Apple Is a more reliable Apple VENTOP cools your Apple without costly, noisy fans VENTOP is the inexpensive ventilating cooling panel that replaces the standard plastic cover. It passes heat from inside your Apple and transfers it safely outside. VENTOP is constructed of heavy gauge metal and coated with tough, Apple-beige epoxy paint. That’s why VENTOP may be the most important accessory you’ll ever buy for your Apple! Send a check or money order for $45, plus $3 for shipping and han- dling (California residents add 6.5% sales tax) to; I U VMI cun 1903 Fordham Way, Mountain View, CA 94040 Or call (415) 968-0392. Visa, MasterCard and COD orders accepted. *Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer Inc. nounced by Apple. Even though this did not take place, there was a good deal of speculation. The machine is ready. It’s not ready. It’s ready, and they’re developing an operating sys- tem. The operating system is finished. It’s a hybrid of Apple ///’s SOS. No, it isn’t. Besides, that’s a new operating system for the II also. Naahh. We won’t know for sure until the informa- tion is released, but it’s hard to believe that Apple Computer, Inc. will not make every attempt to retain their position in the market place, and it’s becoming obvious that the 16-bit machine is the next step in micro evo- lution. The final word on the 7th Annual Computer Faire is that the micro computer industry is finally started to grow into the professional stage. Al- though the bulk of the merchandise was not new, it was presented in a much more accomplished way than ever before. Care was exercised in approaching the different consumer groups attending this year’s show, and the percentage of new users was very high. It is becoming more apparent that the constant barrage of commercials aimed at the less sophisticated user is finally taking hold. We now know that the graphics displayed on television look very inviting to someone who has never experienced those gener- ated by a mini or mainframe, and this year’s show was well-stocked with persons there who had shelled out $15 per head to “just find about the things they had seen on TV.” Care will be taken by hardware and software houses to bring slowly the non- computer buff into active participa- tion in the growing environment. More money is, and will continue to be, spent on cultivating the new user. As for those in the industry, we must now wait to see what the next twelve months will bring. We should begin to see the avalanche of 1 6-bit machines and hardware in the next year. We may have to wait for Faire ^ 9 until we have any amount of software for these machines, but in the mean- time we will be able to enjoy what is already here and the multitude of variations which will undoubtedly de- velop over the next year for the cur- rent crop of machines. 64 Apple Orchard on dt^atte anfy i fast-paced game of wits for I to ntncate higf>resolution playing 524.95 ?DS— An excellent game with i disk. Vbii can soh/e them, mod- ate your own. S24.9S ast. mean and out to get you— jrfui deep space game that wifi 529.95 -A realistic simulation of an afl- 'Sino game wfiti a A/Ionte Carlo $24.9$ a BEST Of BISHOP 5. mJtOGY*«-^Three Of Steve Bakers finest games: PLANBTOIOS (space) BURNOUT {racing), BU08US (laser). $24.95 6. DPAW POKEI?-“'Like Oeing In Vegas: com" pete against a crafty card player in this magnifi- cent poker game. $24.95 7. mKMOGfiMMOH fl— A triumph in board game simulations, the animation accents "intel- ligence^^ fcy moving pieces. $19.9$ 8. BgSTOFBISHOP-9 of Bob^s Pest: ROCKET PftOTMUCERINVASlON.STAR WARS, SPACE AMZE. BOMBER and more, $B9*9S 12. STABMfNiS jESnDUfi 9. PHVERSI— This challenging machine lan- guage program guarantees great graphics, rnteillgence, and speed. $24.95 10. CRAPS— 'A I or 2 player, high-resolution dice game whereyou pt^ the field, passiine, or hardway roils, $24.95 11. GOMOKU— A sophisticated game of ffve- In-a-row, you play a^inst an opponent with 3 levels of Skill. $19.95 12* SIARMIIMES— Thrill to the challenge offiy- irtg through space set widi mines. S Hi-res levds keep you firing, $19.95 >r the Aj^le M • Visa, MasmCarti, CO.D, or check aoc^ted • Add Ja.00 for shifting & hsmcNIng APPLE/// INVOKABLE MODULES by Alan Anderson In the last issue we talked about how SOS calls are put into Assembly language programs, and how to link those Assembly language programs to Pascal programs. This issue, by popular demand, we’ll reveal how to go about writing invokable modules to enhance the power of Busi- ness BASIC. The things mentioned at the end of last issue will appear next time (unless, of course, popular demand again dictates otherwise). But First, a Word from our Sponsor . . . Great news for all us Apple / // programming hackers. The new edition of the Standard Device Drivers Manual is out, and it’s superb. It includes in-depth (and I mean in- depth) discussions of what each of the standard device drivers can do. The list of standard drivers includes .CON- SOLE, .GRAFIX, .PRINTER, .RS232, and .AUDIO. The power in these drivers, particularly .CONSOLE and .GRAFIX, is incredible. The information included in this manual is extremely complete. We’ll talk about some of the secrets it reveals later in this article. The PERFORMing Arts The ink was hardly dry on the preliminary Business BASIC Reference Manual (yep, they’ve upgraded that one, too) before the good old Apple II crew noticed that horrible oversight in the new BASIC: they left some things out, specifically PEEK POKE, and CALL. To Apple II pro- grammers, this seemed like something very close to betrayal. The PEEK, POKE, and CALL statements meant unlimited expandability for Applesoft and Integer BASIC. Anything that couldn’t be done in the high-level language could be written in Assembly language and linked to the main program with these statements. Their absence from Business BASIC seemed to mean that the language was forever locked up. Of course, that was not the case. Upon closer examina- tion, the new BASIC had a couple of unfamiliar new state- ments: INVOKE and PERFORM, and the manual said something about them allowing the use of Assembly lan- guage with your BASIC programs. Hurray! But why were good old PEEK, POKE, and CALL replaced? Are INVOKE and PERFORM as powerful? How do we write assembly language programs which can be invoked, known as invok- able modules? The reason why the old Applesoft statements were replaced should be fairly obvious to anyone who read last issue’s article or who is familiar with the memory organiza- tion of the Apple ///. As stated last time, the operating system (SOS) handles the odious task of loading things into memory and remembering where they are, thus freeing the programmer from such time-consuming housekeeping chores. This makes the Apple ///’s huge memory space (128K RAM standard, expandable to 256K) into a virtual memory workspace. Whenever memory is needed for a buffer, a program, some data, or anything else, SOS auto- matically finds memory and allocates it. A consequence of this system, as talked about last issue, is that the pro- grammer does not know where in memory items will be from one application to the next, so other methods of finding things must be used. Last time we talked about the SOS call mechanism, which allows the programmer to call the operating system’s routines without knowing where they reside. INVOKE and PERFORM provide a similar capability to the Business BASIC programmer. INVOKE loads one or more Assembly language routines from disk, while PERFORM executes the routines. Notice that the BASIC programmer never needs to worry about where the invokable module is when loaded into memory! This is why we don’t have to worry about PEEK, POKE, and CALL. Everything that those three old friends did for us on the Apple II can be accomplished on the / // with INVOKE and PERFORM, and without the pain and hassle of wondering whether we’re poking the right place, or if our recently BLOADed assembly language pro- gram has accidentally been loaded on top of DOS. The INVOKE statement replaced BLOAD and some POKES. It automatically finds a place in memory for the desired routines, loads them and relocates them. The PER- FORM statement replaces CALL, and implicitly replaces PEEK and POKE as well. It not only finds and executes the desired routine (as CALL does in the Apple II BASlCs) but it also allows the programmer to pass parameters to the routine (replacing one use of POKE) and receive parame- ters from the routine (replacing a common use of PEEK). Also, since the programmer doesn’t know where his routine has been loaded, the routine is called by name instead of by address. The theory behind the creation of INVOKE and PER- FORM is unique for a personal computer BASIC, but is by no means new. In fact, Apple borrowed it directly from another system: Apple II Pascal. Those of you familiar with that operating system, which was derived from the (JCSD Pascal Operating System, know that in Apple Pascal, know that Assembly language routines can be linked to Pascal programs, that the Assembly language is loaded and relo- cated by the operating system automatically, and that the Assembly routines are called by name since their addresses are not known. Parameters can be passed between the Pascal program and the Assembly language routine, and the whole business uses a much nicer and cleaner interface than PEEKing, POKEing, and CALLing— ask any Pascal programmer. 66 Apple Orchard If you read last issue’s installment, you may remember that that article involved interfacing an Assembly language routine to an Apple /// Pascal program. The procedure and techniques we used were exactly the same as those used in Apple II Pascal. Those of you out there who are familiar with how Apple Pascal links up with Assembly language will see that the way invokable modules are created and used directly parallels the Apple Pascal technique. Therefore, I would highly recommend the Apple II Pascal Operating System Reference Manual chapter on The Assembler for some background material on writing Business BASIC ivokable modules. Getting Down to Details Alright already, enough discussion and reference. How di I do it? Glad I asked. Well, here goes. Assembly language routines which can be used from Business BASIC are written with the Apple /// Pascal sys- tem. In general, the code is created in the Editor, assembled with (surprise!) the Assembler, saved to disk, then used from the Basic program. Here’s a nice bonus effect of having both Pascal and BASIC served by the same operating system and disk for- mat: the same Assembly language routine can often be used by both BASIC and Pascal with little or no modifica- tion. As a demonstration of that claim, our first BASIC invokable module will use exactly the same Assembly lan- guage file as was used last time with Pascal, which prepares the system for a cold start. If you didn’t enter the file last time, have since erased it, or (shame on you!) don’t have the previous issue. I’ll repeat it here, with instructions. (Back issues of the March-April 1 982 issue of Apple Orchard are available.) First, enter the Pascal Editor, and type in this file: (some of the comments have been omitted this time) .PROC RESTART COLD_START .EQU 65 $65 BRK ;COLD_START’s number is ;To signal a SOS call .BYTE COLD_START ;Tells which call .WORD PARAM_TABLE ;Points to the parameters PARAM_TABLE.BYTE 00 ;COLD_START params has no .END ;see Mar-Apr Apple Orchard for details Then, leave the Editor and save the file by typing “QW.D2/RESTART’, substituting a different disk drive name for .D2 if you wish. Then press “A” to assemble the file. Answer “.D2/RESTART” to the “Assemble what text?” question, using something other than .D2 if you didn’t save to Drive 2 from the Editor. When asked “To what code file?”, answer by typing a dollar sign. This will cause the output file to be called RESTART.CODE on the same disk as the source file. Press [RETCJRN| when asked for an output file name. Once the assembly has been finished, you should have a real, live, bona fide invokable module!. To prove it, boot your Business BASOC 1.1 diskette, then put the diskette with RESTART.CODE on it in the built-in disk drive. Type “INVOKE .Dl /RESTART.CODE” to load the module from disk. Then type “PERFORM RESTART” and watch the fun. Your screen should say “INSERT SYSTEM DISKETTE AND REBOOT’ in 40-column text mode. You’ve just writ- ten and executed an invokable module! That wansn’t so bad, was it? Now that you’ve got the basics of writing invokable modules, you should be able to handle the whole story, which appears in (ta-daa!) Apple’s new technical note, Apple III Business BASIC and its Assembly Language Interface. This note should be available from the lAC soon, or write to the author (that’s me) in care of Apple Orchard for more information on writing invokables or unlocking any of the other Apple /// mysteries. For further information: be sure and read (and reread) your Standard Device Drivers Manual. It’s got great gobs of goodies in there, and it will likely answer some of your favorite technical questions about the Apple ///. Also, the Apple III Pascal manuals are worht a perusal or two. And now, folks, it time to practice your invocations! May ■ June 1 982 67 $ 125 SUPER RAM II 16K Language Card With ROM SOCKET 2 Yr. Warranty COMPUTER PRODUCTS DESIGNING MANUFACTURING ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING R. H. Electronics COPYRIGHT © 1981 - PATENTS PENDING 566 Irelan, Bin AO Buellton, CA 93427 (805) 688-2047 SUPER FAN II FOR YOUR APPLE II COMPUTER* Inc. TM “COOL IT” $74.95 • CLIPS ON-NO HOLES OR SCREWS • REPLACEABLE SWITCH • AVAILABLE IN 120V OR 240V AND 50/60HZ • DURABLE MOTOR • REDUCES HEAT CAUSED BY EXTRA PLUG-IN CARDS • INCREASED RELIABILITY-SAVES DOWN TIME AND REPAIR CHARGES • TAN OR BLACK COLOR • LOW NOISE DUE TO DRAWING EFFECT OF AIR THROUGH YOUR COMPUTER AND SPECIAL FAN AND MOTOR DESIGN • “QUIETEST FAN ON THE MARKET” • EXTRA 120V OUTLET FOR MONITOR OR ACCESSORIES TURNS ON WHEN YOU TURN ON YOUR FAN (NOT AVAILABLE ON 240V MODEL) • SOLD WORLD WIDE • UNIQUE 1 YEAR WARRANTY COPYRIGHT © 1981 - PATENTS PENDING HOW TO HOOK IT UP: 1) Clip it on your APPLE. 2) Unplug your 120V cable (you won’t need it) . 3) Plug short 120V cable from Super Fan II to the back of your computer. 4) Plug the supply cable from Super Fan II to your 120V power source. 5) Turn on the rocker switch and a built-in, red, ready light comes on. 6) You are all set to “COOL IT.’ This switch also turns yourcomputer off and on Deoler Hqulres Invited ’Plus 6% California Sales Tax and $2.50 shipping charge per item. ZOOM HiRes Graphics Printing Utiiity for APPLE PASCAL AND Anadex grafixPLUS DP-9000/9001 /9500/9501/9600/9620; Epson GRAFTRAX MX- 70/80/80FT/82/82FT/100; IDS 440/445/460/560/Prism 80/Prism 132; C.ltoh 8510 Prowriter and NEC PC-8023A-C; datasouth DS-180 Okidata Microline 82a/83a More than 20 I/O card types supported Features — • Print HiRes page 1 or page 2 horizontally or rotated, or print two page panoramas with page 1 above or beside page 2. Print at any feasible scale factor! • Print full or any partial screen! • Append our procedures to your program or use our very friendly interactive control programs which feature picture loading from disk, HiRes preview, ZOOM window setting, and print format selection. • HiRes preview and save to disk. TBlMOIi^ALL HAM RADIO INTERFACE TERMINALL now available for APPLE II ! TERMINALL T2 is a hardware and software system which converts your Apple II computer into a state of the art communications terminal. Simply insert the interface card into any available card slot (1-7) in your APPLE, then plug the attached cables into your radio. Simplicity. TERMINALL was designed from the outset to be easy to connect to your radio and easy to use. Plug into your receiver headphone jack and copy Morse Code or radioteletype (RTTY). Plug in- to your CW key jack and send Morse Code. Attach a microphone connector and send Baudot or ASCII RTTY using audio tones (AFSK). That's all there is to hooking it up. Complete software on DOS 3.2 diskette (Muffin to 3.3), assembled and tested hardware, and exten- sive instruction manual. Requires an APPLE II or APPLE II Plus, 48K and disk. The software is loaded into your computer from disk. Enter your callsign and the time and you will start receiving immediately. No settings or ad- justments are necessary to receive Morse Code, it's fully automatic - and it works! You may type your message while receiving or transmitting. You will be on the air, receiving and transmitting in any mode, in minutes. As we said, TERMINALL is sim- ple. ■ Built in, separsit^ia, multi-stage active filter RTTY and CW demodulators. No phase lock loops. RTTY demodulator has 170 and either 425 or 850 Hz shift - keyboard selectable - and uses either the panel meter or scope outputs for easy tuning. Copy the weak ones. Copy the noisy ones. Copy (he fading ones. ■ Built in crystal controlled AFSK. Rock stable for even the most demanding VHP or HP applica- tions. A must on many VHP RTTY repeaters. ■ Built in 110 or 220 volt AC power supply. ■ Built in parallel printer driver software. Simply attach a parallel ASCII printer (e.g. the EP- SON MX-80) to your printer port to obtain hard- copy in all modes. ■ Multi level displays - allows examining and editing of historical text. Word wrapping, word mode editing, diddle, ignore carriage returns, user programmable end of line sequence, adjustable carriage width, multi user - defined WRU, transmit delay (fixed, none or auto adaptive), break mode and more! ■ The all-in-one TERMINALL design makes it great for use on HP or VHP Ham, Commercial, SWL or MARS! SWL's: TERMINALL may be jumpered for either 425 or 850 Hz reception to copy news and weather services. ■ TERMINALL has the RTTY terminal unit -demod and AFSK - built in. This results in a lower total cost. ■ Fantastic Morse reception. Six stage active filter demodulator copies the weak ones. Auto adaptive Morse algorithm copies the sloppy ones. Received code speed displayed on status line. ■ Outstanding documentation. Professionally written, 90 page user manual contains step-by-step instructions. HOC K TO ORDER ( 209 ) 667-2888 ( 209 ) 634-8888 ROTRONICSJnc.. DEPT AO 1125 N. Golden State Blvd. Turlock, California 95380 TELffHONE VOICE RESPONSE The VlOO interactive voice synthesizer with telephone interface is an Apple ll®or IBM Personal Computer® compatible, low-cost, solution to remote data base access arrangements. $39500 V100-A • Direct telephone connection, auto-dial/answer • Touch-tone® generation and detection • Includes 1000 word, LPC allophone vocabulary • Software for sentence/library construction • Expandable with 300 ($150) or 1300 ($495) high quality LPC words WYKIHT ©©[E^IFOI^MrDOK] 2405 Qume Dr., San Jose, CA 95131 (408) 942-1037 The card afraid you’ll buy New 88 CARD™ turns your Apple into a 16 Bit Personal Computer If you own or are about to buy an Apple II computer, you can also enjoy the latest in 16 bit software packages. The 88 CARD converts your Apple II into a 16 bit Personal Computer with the same operating system used in the IBM PC. Plus, the 88 CARD adds 64K bytes of memory to your system. Enjoy the best of both worlds. Run your existing Apple software and the new generation of 16 bit software- all in one system with ■na . the new 88 CARD. iiiiflllfliilifiillihifl i INTRODUCTORY i OFFER SOOO s Now Only ^ Now Only □ Please Rush 88 CARDS to me at $899 each during your introductory offer. (Ca. resi- dents add 6^4% Sales Tax.) Enclosed is my check for Allow 4 weeks for delivery. □ Please send more information. Address: . Phone: ( ) Local Computer Dealer: Dealer Inquires Welcome. COPROCESSORS INC. 50 WEST BROKAW ROAD, SUITE 64 SAN JOSE, CA 95110 408 947-4616 of COPROCESSORS INC. .Computing for Apple-users worldwide Subscriptions. . ' Canada $28.50 « ^ S. America $37.50 1 ^Mex., Central America $32.50 \ All others $42.00 HARDCORE Computing Dept. 333 14404 East "D" Street Tacoma, WA 98445 U.S.A. Dealers inquiries invited magazine shows you r Back up any diskette Do & undo copy protection Encrypt confidential data files. ■ Customize w programs... \ PLUS... \ game, utility, business & ^educational program listings hardcore ^ columns on program tricks writer’s markets Appledigest software reviews adventure tips Apple is a trademark ^of Apple Computers. Inc. The master printer interface at a very low cost For the first time ever a truly affordable Apple interface offers all the most sophisticated text and graphics capabilities on Epson®, Okidata®, Centronics®, and IDS® printers. With the easy to use PKASO Interface, you simply slip it into your Apple Computer,® attach the cable to your printer, and enjoy all these features: • Broadest range of text printing using your software • HiRes graphics with up to 40 creative options • LoRes and HalfTone graphics in 1 6 levels of gray • SuperRes plotting with up to 2 1 60 X 960 points per page • User created or software defined charac- ters and symbols • Full text and graphics dump of absolutely any screen image. Gray scale printing Snapshot screen dump Apple III compatibility At Interactive Structures we’ve built our reputation on innova- tion, quality and service, and we’re doing it again with the new PKASO series. The PKASO Interface will bring out the best in your Apple Computer, your data printer and your program. It will perform with all popular languages such as BASIC and ASSEMBLER. It will print both text and graphics with PASCAL, And it’s the first and only Apple interface to offer all this plus support for the Apple Z-80 CP/M System and for full Apple/// operation. Don’t settle for less. And don’t pay more. Call us now for the name of the PKASO dealer near you. Interactive Structures, Inc. 112 Bala Avenue P.O. Box 404 Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004 (215) 667-1713 Apple Computer is a registered trade name of Apple Computer Inc. Epson is a registered trade name of Epson America Inc. Okidata is a registered trade name of Okidata Corporation. Centronics is a regis- tered trade name of Centronics Data Computer Corporation. IDS is a registered trade name of Integral Data Systems. Inc. Together, Locksmith'; The Inspector'*^ AND Watson’" give you TOTAL control OF YOUR Apple and its disks. W M l l/M’lj f ^ Our new 4.1 version B f W synrilT>^ is by far the most reliable nibble-copy program for the Apple. There simply is no competition. Allows you to backup just about awjy diskette. Includes read/write Nibble Editor, Quickscan Analysis, Media Surface Check, Degauss and Erase, Inspector Interface and Disk-drive Speed Cahbration utihties. All for just $99-95 at your local dealer or direct. 1 ^-Itk I biil i I i i I Puts all your disk if, I and memory utilities together where they belong — inside your Apple. ^ Eprom or disk version is always at your fingertips. Search CA/W memory and disks forward and backwards, read nibbles, map disk space, locate strings, the uses are endless. At your local dealer or direct— THE INSPECTOR, $59-95. Includes such goodies WCUSniJ. as scrolling screen dump. The Inspector's Assistant disassembler that showS ASCII, file follower of file, track/sector list-finder byname, disk-sector lockout, disk comparer, much more. At your local dealer or direct— WATSON,* $ 49 . 95 . I f you’re at all serious about programming or about business use of your Apple, you must have these interactive utihties. MasterCard and Visa ^ holders order toU-free, ^ lA-' 1-800-835-2246. O/NAEGA AMCROWARE,INC ** 222 SO. RIVERSIDE PLAZA • CHICAGO, IL 60606 • 312-648-4844 1+H-1=4 3 PRODUCTS TO ADD A 4 ™ DIMENSION OF POWER TO YOUR APPLE. * Requires The Inspector Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. The one I 6 -K memory ^ (iMk Ma, no straps!) expansloo Card for your Apple that requires no unnecessary surgery. This board just plugs in with no strap or additions connections. In spite of its quafity, the Ramex-l6^“ costs just $139-91 complete with a one year hmited warranty. 45-sector disk-drive emulator. At your local dealer or direct for just $34.95. A complete turnkey memory management ■Ul fS iiaaeFT system on a disk— L? using either one or two 16K cards. HIDOS’’“ loads DOS onto one RAM card and with the second card loads an alternate language onto another. SOLIDOS™ turns a I 6 K card into a fast, CA/W OAAEGA AAICROWARE,INC^ 222 SC. RIVERSIDE PLAZA CHICAGC, IL 60606 312-648-4844 you use VisiCalc™, 1 1 iJi® then you must have THE CONSOLIDATOR. It will save you hours of keyboard time, by allowing you to manipulate totals of separate files without reentering them. Easy to use, invaluable to own. Just $ 49.95 at your dealer or direct. A h three of these together help make your Apple L a more complete business system — giving you expanded memory, extra convenience, sure control. MasterCard and Visa holders order L _ toU-free, 1-800-835-2246. Apple is a registered trademark of ^ple Computer, Inc. VisiCalc is a registered trademark of Personal Software, Inc. m MACHIh by Bob Nacon MACHINE LANGUAGE SPEED WHERE IT COUNTS... IN YOUR PROGRAM. For the first time, Amper-Magic makes it easy for people who don’t know machine language to use its power. Now you can attach slick, finished machine language routines directly to your Applesoft programs in seconds! And interface them by name , not address! And pass parameters directly, just like with Applesoft commands! You simply give each routine a name of your choice, perform the append procedure once at about 15 seconds per routine, and the machine language becomes a permanent part of your BASIC program; no more separate BLOADing programs! (Of course, you can remove any subroutine if you want to.) Up to 255 relocatable machine language routines can be attached to an Applesoft program and then called by name. We supply over 20 machine language routines on the disk. You can enter more from magazines. And more library disks are in the works. Some routines on this disk are: Binary file info Delete array Disassemble memory Dump variables Find substring Get 2-byte values Gosub to variable Goto to variable Hex memory dump Input anything Move memory Multiple poke decimal Multiple poke hex Print w/o word break Restore special data Speed up Applesoft Speed restore Store 2-byte values Swap variables These routines and more can be attached and accessed easily. For example, to allow typing of commas and colons in a response (not normally allowed in Applesoft), you simply attach the Input Anything routine and put this line in your program: XXX PRINT "PLEASE ENTER THE DATE. & INPUT, DATE$ &-MAGIC makes it Easy to be Fast & Flexible! PRICE: $75 Formerly: aurora systems, inc. Madison, Wl 53704 Anthro - Digital Software P.O. Box 1385 Pittsfield, MA 01202 Call ‘Information’ &-Magic and Amper-Magic are trademarks of Anthro - Digital. Inc. Applesoft is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Also available Versacalc (several versions). The Executive Secretary and Executive Speller, Hebrew II and Hebrew II Plus, S-C Assembler, OuickTrace , /\mper-Magic , The Rental Manager, F.A.R.M. , The Performance Manager, Omniscan VideoDisc interface, and Flipper. DEALERS INVITED ©Copyright 1981, QUAD Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. The new programming aid that makes programming and debugging simpie! LIST PRINTS THE CURRENT PROGRAM IN MEMORY ON THE SCREEN. CAN BE USED IN DIRECT EXECUTION MODE OR AS PART OF A PROGRAM. ^25 ,5 ^33 I On the front side: Each command is boldly displayed, along with a description of what the command does. The large index number in the right corner allows for easy filing and reference. On the hack side: You’ll find format examples for the primary command applications. Concise, accurate, time-saving, and easy to understand — a remarkable change from having to dig through manuals for specific information. / A deck of 1 02 easy-to-read Q-CARDS has ali the Applesoft commands you need, including peeks, pokes, and calls. And it’s all there at a glance — no more hunting through manuals. Designed for home-computer users, Q-CARDS cut through all the complications to offer command instructions which are easy to find and easy to follow. They’re unbeatable as learning aids for beginners, and provide a quick format reference for the experienced: perfect for home, office or instructional use. LIST PRINTS THE ENTIRE PROGRAM. LIST 150 PRINTS LINE 150 LIST-150 PRINTS FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE PROGRAM UP TO LINE 150 LIST 150- PRINTS FROM LINE 150 TO THE END OFTHE PROGRAM. NOTE: TO STOP A LISTING PRESS CTRL S TO RESTART PRESS S Take the first step toward simpier programming and debugging — fiii out and maii this coupon today. t STUToInl SYSTEMS P.O. Box 260279 Tampa, FL 33685 Please send deck(s) of Q-CARDS (at $1 9.95 ea.) _ Add $1 .25 per deck for shipping& handling ($2.50 per deckfor orders outside the U.S.) FLORIDA RESIDENTS add sales tax of $.85 per deck _ Total . .$_ □ Check □ Money Order □ MC# □ VISA# EXP. DATE NOTE: Payment in U.S. Dollars only. Make Mj,rnp checks payable to QUAD Systems, Inc. Allow 4-6 weeks delivery in Company or School (if applicable) U.S.; 8-10 weeks for shipments outside the U.S. ^ Address □ Rease send information about Q-CARDS for the following languages: City State Zip □ Rease send information about ^ quantity discounts. Signature Now you can have the ORIGINAL Dan Paymar Lower Case Adapter “ for the Apple-ll* and Apple-ll Plus*’ At new INFLATION SHATTERING prices LCA-2™ $27.=° For rev. 7 or newer Apples (without RAM configuration blocks) LCA-1™ $37.“ For revision 6 or older Apples (with RAM configuration blocks) One of them is designed specifically for your computer EASY TO INSTALL NO JUMPERS NO EPROMS LIFETIME WARRANTY New DICE-82 supports the common shift key modification with no additional hardware. Allows easy use of lower case with either BASIC. The DICE diskette is $10 by itself or only $5 with an orderforan LCA. Most dealers will let you copy DICE at (303) 259-3598 MasterCard, Visa, and C.O.D. orders shipped immediately Dealer inquiries invited no charge. “Get the most from your computer” with ENHAXCEWARE™ since 1 978 by Dan Paymar 91 Pioneer Place Durango, CO 81301 It’s just a matter of time. Last year over a half billion dollars in office equipment was reported stolen. As you read this a property crime is taking place in your own neighborhood. It’s time for preventative action. Anchor Pads are maximum security locks that eliminate theft of office machines! They anchor equipment directly to a desk or counter. No holes, no sawing, and no marring furniture. Call us for the well-being of your business and your own peace of mind. ANCHOR PAD. Don’t wait until it’s too late. Anchor Pad International Corporate Headquarters 3224 Thatcher Ave, Marina del Rey, CA 90291, (213) 306-3881 Anchor Pad of No. Calif. (415)441-2593 Anchor Pad of Washington, D.C., (301) 589-7474 Anchor Pad of Texas, (214) 620-7170 80 COLUMN VISICALC AND MEMORY EXPANSION SYSTEMS FOR THE APPLE II Now you can expand Personal Software’s 16 sector VISICALC.® to display 80 COLUMNS and increase available memory using the SATURN RAM BOARDS and VC-EXPAND™. With VC-EXPAND^'^ and one or more SATURN RAM BOARDS, the memory available to VISICALC® is increased from 18K to; • 50K with 1 SATURN 32K BOARD • 66K with 1 SATURN 32K BOARD and your present 16K RAM card. • Even more memory available with the SATURN 64K and 128K BOARDS Software is included to relocate DOS onto the RAM BOARDS and to allow its use as a fast disk drive. Compatible with existing software in place of a 16K RAM card. Apple II is a registered trademark of Apple Computer. Inc. Visicalc is a registered trademark of Personal Software, Inc. COMPREHENSIVE DOCUMENTATION 1 YEAR WARRANTY SATURN RAM BOARDS: 32K $239 64K $425 128K $599 VC-EXPAND/80 COL.™ .. $125 VC-EXP AND/40 COL.™ ..$100 Dealer inquires invited Visa and MasterCard accepted ALPHA LOGIC BUSINESS SYSTEMS, INC. 3720 Winston Drive Hoffman Estates, IL 60195 (312) 870-8230 Copyright 1981 Alpha Logic Business Systems, Inc. 74 WILL THE REAL APPLE PASCAL PLEASE STAND UP? by Dr. Wo Once (Jpon a Tinrie, there was only one Apple computer and only one implementation of Pascal for it. Indeed, many of you would probably agree with me that there was only one personal computer and one programming language in the world! (Note: Dr. Wo programs in Pascal. Which is a bit like saying that Carl Sagan watches stars. -PCW) Now, however, there are some new kids on the block. There is probably at least one other personal computer you’d love to have. But more important for Pascal pro- grammers, there are at least four different versions of Pascal running on two Apple computers: Apple Pascal 1 .1 on the Apple 11; Apple /// Pascal; Softech Microsystems’ GCSD Pascal Version IV. 1, running on the Apple 11 and a passel of other computers, including the new kids, and Pascal MT , a CP/M based system covered in the March-April 1 982 Apple Orchard. Will the Real YOG Please Stand Up? Now, what has this to do with you? Well, with personal computers looking more and more like appliances, in the sense that your Old Faithful Apple 11 may not be the only computer you’ll ever own, the question is, how portable is your software? That’s a valid question whether your soft- ware is purchased or home-grown. Of course, your need for portability should be determined by your objectives. What are you trying to develop for your- self? Are you writing programs for personal use, with little expectation of acquiring another machine on which they might run? Are you developing software tools and/or appli- cations software for your own use or for sale on the open market? Do you want those tools and applications to work on as many machines as possible, or are they Apple- specific? Are you investing a lot of your time on programs that you might like to run on another computer someday? And just how soon is “someday?” Let’s Review We’ll review three of these Pascals here and now, from two programming points of view. On the one hand, we’ll look at them for developing tools for personal use, and on the other we’ll look at them for developing applications programs and general purpose tools, hoping to run them on a number of machines. Most of the review is a comparison of Apple 11 Pascal and Softech’s Version IV. The biggest differences, and the big- gest choices, are between these two. We note that there are differences between Apple 11 and Apple /// Pascals, and we’ll note some of these as we go along. Apple II Pascal, Version 1.1 This is the Apple Pascal 99 per cent of us know and love so well. Omitting some history, some additions, and some revisions, it is essentially the Pascal operating system deve- loped by Prof. Ken Bowles at the University of California -San Diego (CJCSD), to which Softech’s Version IV also corresponds. Apple Pascal is a delight to use, and has several features which aid software development and main- tenance. Whatever 1 have learned about good (and bad!) programming, top-down design, modular program devel- opment, you name it, 1 have learned on my Apple using this system. There are additions to the GCSD standard Pascal system in the Apple implementation, the most outstanding of which is the inclusion of CJNlTs to aid in development of software libraries. They are the way to group proven, logi- cally related data structures and procedures into a package, which can then be used in program after program. Even if you don’t plan to use a set of routines in more than one program, units are still powerfully useful. They are an aid to modular development, and can save you a lot of compila- tion time as you iteratively debug, improve, and refine a main program. Regrettably, it took me a while to realize their value. Four other features of the Apple operating system which I have found useful are the EXEC files, chaining, BIOS at- tachment utilities, and compiler options to control the residency of units and program segments. With EXEC files we can drive the operating system and our programs from a script. And with the Attach utilities (available from the Inter- national Apple Core on a disk with booklet for $7.00) we can integrate all manner of peripherals into the operating sys- tem in a logical and consistent way. If you have some foreign (read “non-Apple”) peripherals such as a Micromodem or auxilliary RAM card and have not investigated integrating them into your system using these attach BIOS programs, you’re really missing a lot of fun —and probably using a lot of kludges to drive the peri- pheral. The attach programs are nice because they allow you to define an Assembly language driver for a peripheral and then access it from Pascal through the operating sys- tem’s I-O intrinsics. You can even pass parameters to the driver through the intrinsic “GNITSTATCJS,” meaning you can exercise complete control over your peripheral from May -June 1982 75 Pascal. ( The Attach BIOS material was described and augmented in the Fall 1981 Apple Orchard.^ Well and good: now what’s missing from the Apple 11 Pascal? Currently, a program is limited to 1 6 segments or units, and the System Library can contain only 16 seg- ments. That’s an effective run-time total of 32 units or segments. These limits are at least inconvenient, and oft- times more than that (!). The distinction between regular units, which count against a program’s segment limit and must be explicitly linked to their host; and intrinsic units, which must be in a system library but do not have to be linked, seems arbitrary and annoying. As 1 develop more and more generally useful units, and use these units to break up my programs into logical pieces, 1 keep running up against these limits. That means a lot of library manage- ment, using this library or boot disk for one program, and that one for another, etc. I’d rather be designing and coding! It would be very nice indeed to eliminate regular units, making all units intrinsic, and eliminating the need for link- ing. It would also be nice to raise the limits on both the size of the System Library and the size of programs; or to introduce a program library facility by which a program could have its own library of intrinsic-type units. Although the EXEC feature is useful, full 1-0 redirection capabilities would be nicer and even more useful. What do 1 mean? Consider the following situation, which leads to a ques- tion 1 am often asked (so there must be others who would like this feature too). You have written a program which outputs to the screen. Next, you would like to run the program and have its output directed to a printer or a disk file. In effect, you would like to pass an output file name parameter to your program when you X(ecute the program. Can you do it? No...and yes. That is, you can’t pass a file name that way, but, as I’ll show in a future article, you can redirect output using a trick or two to achieve a similar result. The point here is that the feature is definitely not present at the operating system level. Finally, there are certain software tools and programming aids that only Apple the Company can provide and which 1 feel they should provide, even if at a (moderate) cost. I’ve no doubt they must have and use these tools for their own development work; after all, we have been told that Pascal is Apple’s chosen in-house development language. The tools are such that only Apple can assure they will remain useful as the operating system (and the Apple II) evolves. One such tool is the screen control unit, a unit to provide terminal independent screen operations including CLEAR SCREEN, ERASE LINE, text windowing, etc. If nothing else, such a unit would ease the problem of transporting Pascal software from Apple II to Apple ///, to IV, or whatever. Another is a unit with routines to access and modify the system date (tied to a clock if present), the default volume name (the Prefix volume), and disk directories including file dates, wild card searches, etc. For one thing, this would grant every program that needs it the ability to list directo- ries. Another tool which could be provided is a unit to convert strings to integers or reals, and back again. The built-in facilities for doing this are a bit flaky, and in many cases not very friendly. (See Paul Sand’s article elsewhere in this issue. ) The only fail-safe way to enter numeric data now is to allow the user to enter string data, and then convert the string to the desired type. Apple the Company could help by supplying this stuff and seeing to it that the routines take advantage of how real data is represented on the host machine, including the number of bytes used to represent reals. Apple /// Pascal There are some significant differences between the Apple II and Apple /// Pascal systems, because Apple /// Pascal is an improvement and a strict superset of Apple II Pascal. With only a few minor modifications, like changing control character values to make MISCINFO compatible with SOS, Apple II Pascal will run on the Apple ///. Moving a program from the ///to the II, however, doesn’t come as easily. One difference is that SOS-Apple /// Pascal can maintain hierarchical directories. The Apple II cannot, of course, and any programs which rely on this feature will not be portable. A major strength of the Pascal language is the ability and requirement to classify variables by types. All variables must be declared to be of a type, and that identification specifies its permissible values and the operations that can be per- formed with it. Unfortunately, this strength turns out to be a hindrance when trying to develop libraries of general procedures to operate on arrays. Apple /// Pascal has provided a partial solution to this dilemma with the inclusion of two new datatypes, “bytestream” and “wordstream,” which can be used to type variable parameters in proce- dures. To illustrate, consider the following Apple /// example: PROGRAM example; VAR a : ARRAY[1..100] OF INTEGER; b : ARRAY[25..74] OF INTEGER; FUNCTION sum (VAR data : wordstream; n : integer) : INTEGER; VAR x, i : INTEGER; BEGIN x : 0 FOR i : 0 to n DO x : x data[i]; sum : x; END; BEGIN WRITELN (sum (a, 100)); WRITELN (sum (b, 50)); END. 76 Apple Orchard GREAT LAKES DIGITAL RESOURCES IS PROUD TO ANNOUNCE... Choosing the right RAM board for your Apple II Computer is easy as 1, 2, 3. 1. The 64K and 128K RAM boards from Legend Industries are the original large memory boards for the Apple. They are the most widely used and best tested. The 64KC and 128KDE are far more versatile than any of the lesser capacity boards that you can buy for the Apple li, For example -Up to 145K VISICALC models can be created using the VC PLUS progrom. Disk Emulation, Memory Master, and many application programs use these RAM boards, 2. Legend Industries is dedicated to providing more programs that use the 64KC AND 128KDE RAM boards. When you write a program that is used as a part of the product or is offered as a commercial product from Legend Indus- tries they will refund in full the purchase price of the board. This policy also applies to providing patches to commercial software so that they can use the expanded capacity of the 64K and 128K RAM boards from Legend, 3. The warranty on the 64KC and 128KDE has been extended to 1 year. It hos been a year since the 64K RAM board was introduced by Legend Industries, This experience has proven our confidence in the product and the technology that we introduced. AFTER CONSIDERING THESE POINTS CHECK THE PRICE 64KC - 64K DYNAMIC MEMORY BOARD FOR THE APPLE II $349. DISK EMULATION SYSTEM - 2 64KC RAM CARDS WITH DISK EMULATION SOFTWARE, MEMORY MASTER, AND VC PLUS $700, 128KDE SOFT DISK - 128K DYNAMO MEMORY BOARD WITH DISK $750. EMULATION SOFMARE, MEMORY MASTER, AND VO PLUS VC PLUS - CREATES UP TO 145K WORKSPACE IN VISICALC $ 34.95 DISK EMULATOR 2.1 - SIMUDXTES FAST DISK DRIVES ON THE $ 49.95 APPLE II (REQUIRES 1-6 64KO) PASCAL SOFT DISK EMULATOR - SIMUD\TED FAST ACOESS $ 49.95 DRIVES FOR APPLE PASCAL 1.1 (REQUIRES 64K OR 128KDE) LEGEND LCG 1 & 2 - LOWER CASE GENERATOR FOR APPLE II $ 49.95 MEMORY MASTER 1 .1 - MEMORY MANAGEMENT FOR THE APPLE II $ 34.95 Go to your local dealer and see these products today!! For dealer orders or if your local dealer does not carry these products - contact: GREAT LAKES DIGITAL RESOURCES P.O.Box 32133 Detroit, Ml 48232 A[j[jle II IS a registered trademark of Apple Computer Inc 64KC 128KDE LCG. MEMORY MASTER. DISK EMULATOR are registered trademarks of Legend Industries. Ltd CP/M IS a trademark of Digital Research [313] 772-6544 VISA/Master Card Accepted on Individual Orders In this example, one function serves to sum the elements in arrays of different types. This is not possible in Apple II Pascal, so any programs on the Apple /// would have to be modified for use on the II. A third difference between the Pascals is the larger number of effective segments allowed in the Apple /// program. Each such program is permitted 1 6 segments or regular units, 16 units from the System Library, and 16 intrinsic units from a program library for a total of 48 seg- ments or units! If you get accustomed to this feature, you will have trouble moving your programs to an Apple II. One way to solve potential portability problems is to program to the lowest common denominator; to not use the “new” features of the more powerful machines. Another way is to abandon the Apple II entirely; after all, you probably sold it to get the money to buy the ///, right? Better, in my opinion, would be to implement these features for the II. (Cmon, guys, you can do it!) And while we’re at it, why not kick in a type “realstream,” or better yet, conformant arrays, the generalization of these “streams.” Some of my friends rather strongly disagree with me here. They like what they have on the II, and aren’t interested in seeing it changed. You may agree with them. In fact, you may not care at all. Again, it depends on you and your goals. GCSD Pascal, Version IV Where do I begin? Get this: In General: * Compiler option selectable native code generation; * Double precision real arithmetic; * An enhanced System Editor including “tabstop,” “ex- change delete,” and “exchange insert” commands; * Complete freedom to redirect program and system I-O from the X(ecute command line and from within programs; * Gp to 256 units or segments per program, all units intrin- sic, no linking; * A program’s units can reside in any library; * Every library has room for 256 units; * File variables allowed in the interface section of units, segment procedures allowed in the implementation section (not possible in the Apple Pascals); * Units can use other units in their implementation section as well as in their interface; * Turtlegraphics. Not source code compatible with Apple’s. * Chaining; * A “screenops” unit to control the screen, including access to the system date; 78 Apple Orchard TASC The Applesof f Compiler. It turns your Apple into a power tool. Step up to speed. TASC, the Applesoft Compiler, converts a standard Applesoft BASIC program into super-fast machine code. By increasing program execution speed up to 20 times, Microsoft gives you a power tool for Applesoft BASIC programming. Highest capacity available. TASC will compile and run larger programs than any other Applesoft Compiler. As a disk-based system, it doesn't require the simultaneous pres- ence of compiler and program in memory. The memory you save allows you to compile significantly bigger programs. Power without bulk. Code expansion of up to 100% severely restricts other compilers. TASC's special code compression schemes typically limit code expansion to only 25%. You'll really appreciate that with complex programs or programs that utilize Apple's hi-res graphic pages. More BASIC power. TASC's powerful new commands increase Applesoft BASIC programming capability. Chain with COMMON allows compiled programs to share variables, so a main menu *Applesoft is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. supports several programs in a single runtime environment. TASC's True Integer Arithmetic and Integer FOR . . . NEXT capabilities maximize the execu- tion speed of compiled programs. TASC's near total compatibility with Applesoft speeds compil- ation of existing programs with little or no modification. What about mistakes? You perfect your programs inter- actively with Applesoft. If some- thing does slip by, TASC recovers from errors discovered in compilation and traps all runtime errors. It even permits graceful interruptions during compilation. See for yourself. Ask for a demonstration of TASC at your Microsoft dealer. Discover the software package that turns your Apple into a power tool. yHICRpSOfr r CONSUME^ PRODUCTS F A Division of Microsoft Inc. 10700 Northup Way • Bellevue, WA 98004 * An interactive, symbolic debugger; * Full support of duplicate directories, including “markdup- dir,” “copydupdir,” and “recover” programs (See Dr. Wo's column in the Winter 1981 Apple Orchard. -PCW) * Various other utilities including a P-code disassembler and the famed “patch” program, a byte-level editor; * BIOS attachment utilities; * Primitives for concurrent processing and interrupt handling; * A variety of new memory management procedures which should facilitate development of routines for processing arrays; * Memory management procedures for controlling the residency of segments and units under program, as opposed to compiler, control; * Extended system memory management so that applica- tion programs can make use of the larger memories in the coming computers; And... * Complete portability of software between the Apple 11, Z-80 machines, the IBM-PC, 68000-based machines, 6809 ma- chines, T1 9900 machines, LSl-1 1/PDP-l 1, ...and others. Specific to the Apple II * Drivers included for a variety of peripherals, including all of the standard Apple ones and Micro-Sci floppies, SVA 8-inch floppy disk controller, lower case adapters, CCS serial card, SSM AlO serial card and Sup’RTerm, Smartterm,Videx, and Double Vision boards; * A completely relinkable BIOS which allows you to take advantage of the above-mentioned drivers; * A configuration utility which allows you to set such parameters as whether you have installed a jumper to ena- ble true shift key operation from the Apple 11 keyboard. Going Down I like this system. 1 like it a whole lot. But it’s not the best system if all you’ll work with is the Apple 11; it works better on other computers. What’s the down side? The Version IV system is noticeably slower on the Apple II than is Apple Pascal. This is because the system architec- ture is quite different and because the system is heavily swapped, leading to more disk I-O than with Apple Pascal. This system will be very hard to use with only (!) two disk drives, not only because of the swapping mentioned above, but also because the SYSTEM.PASCAL file is much larger than the Apple Pascal version. The score is GCSD 84 blocks without debugger, Apple 41 blocks. So there’s less space on the boot disk. Consider this: the System Filer is now segmented; not all of it resides in memory at once. You will swap disks while using the Filer, even on a two-drive system. This can be tricky, or inconvenient, or both. The Version IV system as marketed by Softech sells for $750 (not including the RAM card), which is more than Apple Pascal. Surprised? Don’t be. Remember, Apple the Company sells hardware, and software to sell hardware; Softech selIs...software. We also don’t know the details of the licensing agreements with the Regents of GC, etc. The price difference is substantial. So are the differences between the operating systems. Which system is for you? 1 can’t answer that question for you, but I can answer it for myself. Let’s suppose I was an experienced BASIC programmer, had an Apple II with two floppy drives, and was about to purchase Pascal for the first time. The choice is Apple Pascal hands down; there’s plenty of room to grow into this system and to learn some very exciting things. Now suppose I was an advanced hobbyist; a reasonably experienced Apple Pascal programmer looking forward to upgrading my system by hanging on an 8086 processor with 1 28K RAM on board, and a mini-Winchester hard disk. I don’t know that I’d rush out and get Softech’s Pascal, or the CP/M MT+ discussed in the March-April 1982 Apple Orchard, but I sure would be wondering who is going to bring up Pascal on my new processor and how, and what version they plan on using. I’d hope for the best: both operating systems making full use of my new computer’s capabilities. Or, suppose I was a cottage industrialist, developing applications software and hoping to reach the broadest possible customer base in the shortest time. Softech’s Pas- cal would be worth having; sitting in front of my Apple, I could write programs for any number of machines, availing myself of all of the powerful features of the new operating system. I would use Apple Pascal, or the appropriate subset of it in Softech, when trying to reach the Apple market specifically. Apple’s Pascal is faster, as it’s tailored for the Apple machines. Finally, let’s say I was trying to write software for tomor- row’s computers today. Choice: Softech, going away. New machines will be far better equipped for emulating the P-machine than today’s Apple II, and will obviate the down- side analysis given above. Who are You? The whole point is, that there is a tradeoff analysis which you must make. Maybe you’re a cynic who believes that new machines won’t be logically thought out in terms of P- machine capability (History is on the side of the cynic, as usual. ’PCW) Well, on one end of the spectrum is portability, on the other is the speed and smoothness that comes from custom-tailoring to the machine architecture. Only you can say. Indeed, what have you to say? what are your interests and objectives? If you’ll let me know, I’ll try to point my pen...er, keyboard, in your direction. 80 Apple Orchard President’s Messa&e Ken Silverman President, International Apple Core One of the questions most often asked by Apple owners and Apple User Groups is, “What is the Interna- tional Apple Core and what can it do for me?” We try to answer this ques- tion in this space every so often, so here goes: The International Apple Core (lAC) is a non-profit organization composed of Apple computer Gser Groups throughout the world. It was formed to disseminate all types of informa- tion from Clubs, Apple Computer, Inc., and other manufacturers of re- lated hardware and software; this includes written information and pub- lic domain software. Of course, we publish the Apple Orchard, and all of our memberships include a subscrip- tion. Only the Full and Sponsoring members receive the software in addition to the written information, usually one disk per month; Associate members receive only the written information. The lACs policies are set by a Board of Directors that at this time has eight members from the United States (two from each of four regions); and a member each from Canada, Europe, and Australia. A full list ap- pears on Page 4 of this magazine. The lAC, what it is, what it does, and how it does it, is directly set up by the member groups through this mech- anism. You can get more detailed information by contacting the Direc- tor in your area. Note too that an application blank appears in this magazine. Full Membership Full membership is open to clubs (groups), and not to individuals; we represent the individual user through the Clubs. The Clubs are the principal reason for the lAC’s existence, and we provide many services beyond infor- mation dissemination. There is a Newsletter Exchange co-ordinator for swapping of publications between clubs. The Software Librarian collects and disseminates public domain soft- ware. We support Special Interest Groups, and the Clubs’ efforts at same; examples are Education, Ham Radio, Handicapped Persons, Medical. Only Full members may nominate and vote on directorships, and vote on other issues pertinent to the busi- ness of the lAC. Membership is open to all Clubs, if those Clubs have an open membership policy. Annual dues are $50.00 (US) per year. Sponsors Manufacturers and other software companies having business related to Apple computers need timely access to information that the lAC distrib- utes. Conversely, the lAC’s members all benefit from the input provided by sponsors; we encourage such par- ticipation. The Sponsoring membership is tai- lored for commercial interests; quite frankly, the higher dues also help the lAC’s financial condition. Sponsoring membership is open to all corpora- tions and individuals who wish it. The annual membership fee is $200 per year. Associate Memberships The Associate Membership was created to help educational, research, and charitable institutions that have an interest in Apple Computers. Associate memers receive only the printed materials sent to members, and have no vote in business matters. Associates are engouraged to give us input, and to organize a Club which would be eligible for Full membership. Further information on Associate membership eligibility and criteria will be supplied upon submission of an application. Associate Membership is free. Whatever the membership cate- gory, we encourage your participation in the lAC, and better relationships between people and their Apples everywhere. INTERNATIOriAL APPLE CORE T M APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP Name of Organization Mailing Address Street: City: _ State: Zio: Country: (If the above is a post office box, please supply a street address below where parcels may be sent.) OFFICERS OR OFFICIALS NAME PHONE (area code & number) President: Treasurer: Editor: Other: (Please check above the name of the lAC contact person). For Club^: Terms Expire: Number of Members: Make check or money order payable in U.S. dollars to "international Apple Core". Remittance enclosed: $ (Return application and remittance to the International Apple Core, P.O. Box 976, Daly City, California 94017, USA.] Check appropriate categories below: FULL MEMBERSHIP is available only to Apple User's groups. A $50.00 membership fee must accompany this form. Please indicate the time and place of your regular meetings: __ — — ASSOCIATE MEMBERSHIP applicants must provide evidence that they are nonprofit institutions. There is no membership fee. SPONSORS: Please indicate the name, position, and telephone number of the person in your organization res- ponsible for liaison with the lAC. The Sponsoring Membership fee is $200.00. Please add 15% to your fees if your organization is overseas and you would like all material sent International Air Mail. International Apple Core, 910 A George St., Santa Clara, CA 95050 SUP'R'MOD II SUP'R'TERMINAL tV SUP'R'FAN SUP'R'SWITCHER *Version 2.5 APPLE II is a trademark of APPLE Computer Co. CP/M is a trademark of Digital Research M & R ENTERPRISES 910 George Street Santa Clara, CA 95050 (408) 980-0160 SUP'R'FAN • Fits inside the APPLE II case • Powered by 117VAC and does not depend on the Apple Power Supply • Brushless AC Motor for no electrical noise • Does not interfere with all present Apple Peripherals • Mounts with one screw — no drilling required • Will not interfere with magnetic media such as metal cased monitors or disks in close proximity (less than 1/2 gauss) • Lowers IC surface temperatures • Weighs only 18 oz. SUP'R'TERMINAL • 80 Columns by 24 lines, upper and lower case; all 128 ASCII characters • Includes an Upper and Lower case 5x8 dot matrix ASCII character set, and inverse alpha characters • Character set can be user definable • Shift Lock feature • Works with APPLE PASCAL and APPLE BASIC • Compatible with ALL APPLE II peripherals • CP/M Output cursor* • Pascal 1.1 Keypress and type ahead in firmware* • 3K bytes of bank switched static ram • 2K bytes of ROM • The only board with continuous direct memory mapped screened ram • The only board that interprets VTABS by firmware (version 2.2) • The only board with an adjustable scrolling window • The only 80 column board that is synchronous with the APPLE n • Fully programmable cursor • Works with CORVUS and NESTAR Systems SUP'R'SWITCHER • 90 to 135 VAC/60Hz or 180 to 270 VAC/50Hz input • Fully protected — voltage/current • Overvoltage protection • 0-50 C full load operating temperature • Output voltage current +5V @ 6A -12V @ lA +12V (® lA -5V (5) lA • Weight — 2% lbs • Size 33/4” H 93/4” D 61/4” W • Mounts on left side of Apple II • Sufficient current to handle all 8 slots • Plugs directly into the Apple II motherboard SUP'R'MOD II The SUP'R’MOD II is a wide band black and white or color compatible interface system intended to convert the home TV to a full video display for home computers, CCTV cameras and similar systems which output NTSC compatible composite video. The SUP'R’MOD II is pre-tuned to U.S. channel 33 (UHF), includes a coaxial cable and antenna transformer, and in conjunction with a standard home TV set, insures safe isolation and high performance. SYMBOL DESCRIPTION TYPICAL UNIT Fe Vision Carrier 591.5 MHz ± 0.5 Icc Supply Current 2.0 Ma VO (Hi) RF Output, Vmod = 0 1.5 Mv VO (Low) RF Output, = 1-5 -20.0 dB Rin(mod) Modulation input resistance 700.0 Ohm VosdMin) Oscillator stop voltage 2.0 Volt Vc Voltage +5 to +12 Volts DC SUP'R’SWITCHER ix SUP'R'FAN SUP'R'TERMINAL ik SUP'R'MOD II Forbidden Fruit NEW PRODOCTS FOR THE APPLE Edited by Mark L. Crosby Producers of hardware arid software for the Apple line of computers should send news releases 3 months in advance to NEW PRODUCTS EDITOR, Apple Or- chard, 91 OA George St, Santa Clara, CA 95050. The lAC cannot be held respon- sible for claims made by manufacturers. CONTENTS: HARDWARE INPaT/OaTPdT MEMORY POWER CONDITIONING PRINTERS/PLOTTERS MISCELLANEOGS SOFTWARE BUSINESS (GENERAL) COMMUNICATIONS EDUCATION FINANCIAL GAMES/SIMULATIONS GRAPHICS LANGUAGES (PROGRAMMING) MUSIC UTIUTIES WORD PROCESSING MUSIC CATALOGS/BOOKS MISCELLANEOUS Hardware INPaT/OUTPUT The Corona Starfire 5 is a 5 megabyte Winchester disk drive. It holds the equiva* lent of 38 diskettes of data which is available instantly, and it can alphabetize a mailing list 5 to 1 0 times faster. Includes DataGuard automatic data protection. Allows your files to be twice as long, beat- ing a crucial limitation of Apple’s disc operating system, without abandoning it — ^2,995. Corona Data Systems, 21541 Nordhoff Street, Gnit B, Chatsworth, CA 91311 (213) 998-0505. Programmable Seria I/O Board is fully compatible with current Apple software including Pascal 1.1, Applesoft and Integer BASIC. It provides a full EIA RS-232 DTE interface to most modems, printers and CRT terminals as well as an opto-isolated current loop interface strappable for full or half duplex, active or passive 2-wire or 4- wire, 20mA or 60mA operation up to 200V. On board 1 K ROM software enables user programmable printer width control, delay after carriage return, automatic line- feed generation, and video display. Serial character format is user alterable with the most popular configurations set as default conditions. Provides a full range of con- tinuously variable, programmable asyn- chronous data rates to 19.2 K baud; automatic recognition of the incoming data rate from a remote terminal; and firm- ware routines to pulse-dial calls onto the international Telex-TWX network— ^199.95. Intra Computer, 12010 Audley Street, Kew Gardens, NY 11415 (212) 947-5533. MicrobufTer II lets you use your printer without tying up your computer. It has 1 6K characters of memory (user expand- able to 32K). It accepts data as fast as your computer can send it, allowing you to use your computer while the Microbuffer II is in control of your printing. The Microbuffer II, compatible with Applesoft, CP/M and Pascal, comes with complete print format- ting features as well as advanced graphics dump routines for most popular graphics printers. The Snapshot option permits you to dump the text screen or graphics picture to the printer while any program is running— without interruption. The 16K Microbuffer is available for $259, the 32K version for $299 and the Snapshot option for $69. At your local dealer or contact: Practical Peripherals, Inc, 31245 La Baya Drive, Westlake Village, CA 91362 (213) 991-8200. Select-A-Port plugs directly into your game socket giving you access you never had before. Attractive case matches the color and texture of the Apple II. May hang conveniently on either side of the Apple or sit fiat on non-skid rubber feet. Three switch selectable sockets isolated by diodes to insure against device to device interference. One switch selectable socket which automatically modifies the joystick or paddles to operate as the second unit in dual joystick games of four game paddle games. One socket with no isolation for those special highly sensitive devices— $59.95 plus $2 for postage and insurance. TG Products, PO Box 2931, Richardson, TX 75080 (214) 424-8556. The Station Master is a universal parallel card with the added capability of being able to put the Hi-Res screen on paper with simple keyboard commands. The Station Master may be used with any one of four different printer types (Epson ^\X-80 w/graphics, MX-1 00, Anadex 9501 /9500, Data South DS 1 80, Centronics 739, NEC PC8023. There are options for dumping Page One or Page Two, normal or ex- panded size, picture or plot, and horizontal positioning. Supplied with printer cable so you just plug in and go. We also include a diskette with practice pictures and plots as 84 Apple Orchard well as drivers for use with VisiPlot. Com- patible with BASIC, Pascal 1.1, CP/M and application software. The documentation includes helpful information for first-time users about Hi-Res graphics and how to use the board with programs such as Applewriter, Apple Plot, VisiCalc, and Visi- Plot— $175. Computer Station, 11610 Page Service Drive, St. Louis, MO 63141 (314) 432-7019. 5/10 Megabyte Hard Disk Drive for the Apple runs DOS 3.3, SOS 1.1, Pascal, all CP/M programs, plus DB Master, Compu- Law, Accounting Plus, Peachtree Account- ing, Sup>erCalc, Medical Management, Stock- broker, Real Estate Manager, Word Star, and Farmplan. Unique Error Correction Coding (ECC) gives you an internal hard disk backup system, so media errors are corrected and become transparent to your computer. These advantages assure you of reliable performance for years to come: 1 0,000 hours MTBF, no preventive maintenance, 2 hours MTTR, expandable through daisy chaining. Santa Clara Sys- tems, Inc., 560 Division Street, Campbell, CA 95008 (408) 374-6972. From Amdek comes a new RGB color monitor with TTL input for high resolution graphics. Features 80 x 24 character display capability, 560 x 260 resolution, molded-in carrying handle, front mounted controls, including volume control for built-in speaker. Optional Digital Video Multiplexor peripheral board for interface with the Apple 11 signal. The DVM consists of a 4-channel multiplexor. Three channels are used to multiplex the existing Apple text, low resolution and high resolution graphics. The 4th channel allows the use of an 80 character line video board such as the Vydec VideoTerm. It is Software programmable allowing each of the three channels to be turned off or on. Occupies any slot in the Apple 11. Uses Schottky logic with low power consumption. Amdek Cor- poration, 2420 E. Oakton Street, Suite “E”, Arlington Heights, IL 60005 (312) 364-1180. The Enhancer II for the Apple 11 provides you with a true upper and lower case key- board with fully functional shift keys. Single keystrokes can be defined to become an entire word or phrase. The typehead buffer allows you to talk to your Apple 11 while it’s busy with other things. The Enhancer is controlled by its own built-in micropro- cessor and on-board firmware. Provides IK static RAM using low power CMOS technology. Control-Reset is available as a jumper-selected option. Key redefinitions are down loadable from disc. Automatic repeat gives you approximately 1 5 charac- ters per second, while fast repeate does it at 50 characters per second. Requires a revision 7 or greater motherboard to display lower case— $149. At your local dealer or contact: Videx, 897 N.W. Grant Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330(503) 758-0521 . The Genius displays a full page— 57 or 66 lines of text by 80 characters across and was developed for the office automation industry, applying to word processing, data processing and software develop- ment. The 15-inch CRT reformats during editing at a fraction of a millisecond, rather than the slow sequential updating on most CRTs. Display of information from memory to screen is also instanta- neous as well as sending information from screen to storage. The high-resolu- tion screen with black characters on white provides the necessary requirements for reducing typical CRT eyestrain and fatigue. The new Genius is fully compatible with WordStar (with SoftCard), and other pack- ages including most CP/M based pro- grams. The 34 pound display has an 87 MHz bandwidth and 6K bytes of high- speed buffer memory to refresh the screen. The Genius is 1 8% inches high by 12 inches wide by 16 inches deep. An Apple interface card is standard with The Genius, which costs about $1,795 (single quantity price). Quantity and dealer dis- counts are available from Micro Display Systems, 514 Vermillion Street, Hastings, MN 55033 (612) 437-2233. The new and revolutionary Aristocard 68000 will endow your Apple 11 with the lightning speed and super features of a minicomputer, for a mere fraction of the cost. Aristocard 68000 will help you learn the highly efficient Assembler without the difficulties and complexities associated with other microprocessors. Uses a 32-bit internal structure. The menu driven As- sembler is designed to teach program- ming on the 68000 quickly and efficiently. When the 68000 is running it is possible to execute programs on the Apple’s 6502 simultaneously, which is achieved by a cycle stealing technique which allows the 6502 to operate at a 30% decrease in speed. Optionally, the 68000 can be halted resuming normal 6502 speed. Check locally or contact: Simon, 28 Lower Ad- discombe Road, Croydon, Surrey, CR 06 AA, England (01) 690-4646. This new Transfer Switch lets you switch from one RS-232 peripheral to another without the downtime, frustration and expense of moving RS-232 cables. Individ- ual LEDs let you see at a glance which lines are transmitting. A convenient push button switches any input to either of 2 outputs. It also has a push button reversing switch to let you change from transmit to receive without touching a wire. It has three standard RS-232 25 pin D connector sockets— one input and 2 outputs. The Model MFJ-1 240 switches ten of the stan- dard RS-232 lines— more than is needed by most small computer systems. Switched lines are TD, RD, RTS, CTS, DSR, CAR, unassigned, XMIT CL, REC Cl, and DRT. PC board construction eliminates cross- talk and noise caused by wiring. The cabinet is eggshell white with walnut grain sides and measures IVa x 2 V 2 x 5^4- $79.95 plus $4 shipping and balding. MFJ Enterprises, Inc, P.O. Box 494, Mississippi State, MS 39762 (601) 323-5869. The Grappler intelligent graphics inier- face takes simple commands from the keyboard or user programs and dumps Hi-Res graphics to your printer. Exclusive EPROM chip makes it easy. There are Grappler versions to accommodate the Anadex, Epson Series, IDS, Centronics 739, NEC 8023, C. Itoh Pro-Writer, Okidata 82A, Malibu 200, and future graphic print- ers. Features inverse graphics, double size picture, 90 degree rotation, centering, chart recorder mode, mode block graph- ics, bell control, skip-over-perforation, left and right margins, vriable line length, text screen dump. Works with Pascal and CP/M as well as Integer and Applesoft. See your local dealer or contact: Orange Micro, Inc, 3150 E. La Palma, Suite G, Anaheim, CA 92806 (800) 854-8275 in CA call (714) 630-3322. The CIPBGS personal portable Apple ter- minal, with built-in display monitor, lets you operate your Apple 11 anywhere— in your car or camper, at the beach, wher- ever. Built-in batteries provide approxi- mately two hours of operation— without A.C. power available. For longer operation. May - June 1 982 85 an external twelve volt battery can be used. Built-in five inch monitor, rechargeable, long life SLA batteries for operating your computer, floppy disk and monitor display. Adapter for car battery operation, auto- matic switchover to battery power if A.C. power fails or is unavailable. Automatic battery recharge when A.C. power is avail- able. Chassis accommodates your floppy disk. Operates from 110/220 VAC or 12VDC-$595. aPBGS, 7825 East Evans Road, Building 300, Scottsdale, AZ 85260 (602) 991-7356. MEMORY The Axion 320K memory System is designed to interact with Apple DOS 3.3 and Apple Pascal 1.1 like two standard floppy disk drives while delivering the lighting fast access speeds of RAM mem- ory. This also leaves 32K of RAM for advanced programming techniques. The interface board is slot independent and draws no power from your Apple. The rechargeable battery system built into the unit provides three hours of backup in the event of a power loss. Invisible memory refresh —even with the Apple turned off. All firmware is in static RAM on the interface board. Includes software for diag- nostic, fast load and copy routines, and business applications. Axion, 1 70 N. Wolfe Road, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 (408) 730- 0216. POWER CONDITIONING Commercial quality power center features a sensitive protective relay. Momentary power line off-on transients cause this relay to latch out power before damage to disks and equipment can occur. A lighted reset switch restores power when you are ready so you can control your power-up sequence. Individual RFl pi filters isolate from the other pairs of sockets. Interaction between printers, processors, floppies and other equipment is eliminated. Varistors between each line and ground and be- tween lines suppress voltage spikes that can cause memory loss, erratic operation and equipment damage. A six foot heavy duty three wire power cord and industrial grade grounded sockets assure years of safe and trouble-free use. It is protected by a fast acting, easy access, popout fuse (15A, 115 VAC-1875 Watts Max.)- $99.95 plus $4 shipping and handling. MFJ Enterprises, Inc, RO. Box 494, Missis- sippi State, MS 39762 (800) 647-1800 in MS call (601) 323-5869. BV cns€s, INC. D€SIGN€D TO PROT6CT VOUR COMPUT6R Features — • Rigid Shell Mode of Plyuuood Supported High Impact RBS. • Shock Resistant Foam Lining. • Heavy Duty Hardoiare Includes Key Locking Latches • Bound Metal €dges. • Interlocking Tongue and Groove Extrusion, Mating Lid and 8ottam. Rpple II Plus 2 Drives $1 75.00 OTH6R MOD6LS RVRILRBL6 CLUB RND DCRLCR DISCOUNTS RVRILRBLC CRSCS, INC. P.O. Box 33820 Seattle, UUR 981 33 (206) 365-5210 86 Apple Orchard PRINTERS/PLOTTERS The Model OLIVE- 1 Olivetti Interface turns the Olivetti Praxis-30 or -50 elec- tronic daisy wheel typewriter into a letter quality printer with RS-232C computer interface. The interface provides a wide range of user options, such as baud rate, handshake protocol and special function selection; all functions of the typewriter are controllable from the host computer. Typewriter features interchangeable daisy wheel (100 characters) and ribbon car- tridge, selectable character pitch, selec- table print inpace, friction platen drive with 1 1 inch maximum print width, fully pro- grammable margin and tab control, 12 characters per second printing speed. The interface is completely assembled and tested with interface cables and de- tailed instructions for attachment to Praxis- 3X, typewriter function unimpaired, priced below $200; 9 VDC/300mA wall socket plug-in power supply optional. Model OUVE-80 printer package, including Praxis- 30 and OLIVE- 1 Interface plus full docu- mentation, priced below $700, package with Praxis-35 slightly higher. The Olive Branch Association, Ltd., 1426W. Winton Ave., Hayward, CA 94545 (41 5) 887-471 6. Starwriter F-10 low profile unit is the answer for the perfect daisy wheel printer, including such features as: low profile design (16” high) to fit easily into your system, industry-standard ribbon car- tridge, 40 or 55 cps models, standard parallel or RS232-C interface (including ETX/ACK, X-On/S-Off) protocols, exten- sive built-in word processing functions that allow easy adaptability, uses plastic or metal wheels, low noise operation. A choice of friction feed or optional bidirec- tional tractor feed is available. Leading Edge Products, 225 Turnpike Street, Can- ton, MA 02021 (800) 343-6833 inMA call (617) 828-8150. The Pro-Writer Matrix Printer includes 1 20 cps bidirectional printing, logic seek- Introducing DataFax...the easy way to tame your Data MonsteK If you deal with Information, you're probably dealing with a Data Monster. He's that mass of notes. Soribbled messages. Phone numbers. And all the thousand- and-one other important pieces of information you have floating around your life. But with DataFax from Link Systems, you can keep your Data Monster under control- plus have a lot more power over your information than you ever thought possible. Unlike most "data manager" software programs made for your Apple, DataFax doesn't care what your data looks like. Or how long it is, how many items it has or what you want to do with it. The power we've pro- grammed into DataFax makes it as simple and natural to use as a pencil and paper. You can fill up a screen with anything you want— even information already stored on disk. Then cross-reference it as many dif- ferent ways as you'd like— by a date, a species, a customer's name, whatever. So when you need that infor- mation, DataFax will retrieve it in a way that's meaningful to you. The powerful keyword function allows you to get infor- mation out as quickly and easily as you entered it. And DataFax is the only software of its kind to let you expand from floppy to hard disks, so it will never be obsolete. r If getting so much power for so little effort seems too good to be true, send us the cou' pon and we' send you all the details. Or see your Apple computer dealer and prove it to yourself— before your data situation gets any hairier. nrfaFax- IINI SYsrems Because whether you've got a monster of a data problem— or just a small one— DataFax can tame it. 1 I want to tame my Data Monster." □ Please rush me more information. Apple II Apple III □ Dealer inquiry, □ Send me (quantity) DataFax'" tor the Apple II at $199 each. CA residents add 6% tax. Shipping in U.S.A. $3.00 tor first copy, 509 each additional copy. Foreign, please add an additional $10 shipping and handling '' charge per order. Payment by □ VISA □ MasterCard □ Check Credit Card # Expiration date ' Interbank #(MC only) Signature Name Company Address City State Zip Mail tO: Link Systems 1640 19th Street Santa Monica, CA 90404 (^3MW-185Jj Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer Co., Inc. Simply powerful software that links it all together ® 1982 Link Systems Inc. ing and proportional spacing combined with excellent resolution. Graphics capabil- ity is built-in and includes shape and high resolution features. The Pro- Writer boasts of its IK buffer in parallel and 3K buffer in serial, increment printing ability, N x 9 dot matrix, and its correspondence qualib/ print in eight character sizes. Built-in tractor feed and will accept single-sheet feed. Its paper cut-off is less than one inch from the print line. Vertical and horizontal tabbing is automatic and with the use of a stepper motor, the Pro-Writer is very quiet. Manual functions include select, line feed. Top of Form and Power On, combined with Paper Empty and Cover Open Switches. The serial version actually includes both the parallel and serial interfaces. Parallel model— $795, Serial model— $845. Lead- ing Edge Products, 225 Turnpike Street, Canton, MA 02021 (800) 343-6833 in MA call (617) 828-8150. The microprocessor-based HP 7470 in- telligent small-format pen plotter features two-color capability, high-resolution plot- ting (-♦-- .025mm) and a rapid plotting speed of 1 5 inches/second (38 cm/sec) to produce graphics of exceptional quality. Can be used with Apple, IBM, and Commo- dore Pet. Can be connected to laboratory instruments such as the HP 1 980 oscillo- scope, spectrum analyzers and other HP instruments to produce hard-copy ver- sions of measurement graphics. Pen ac- celeration of 2 G’s and pen-down velocity of 38 cm/sec to a pen-up velocity of 50 cm/sec allow even complex plots to be ocmpleted in a matter of minutes. Built-in character generation, with European char- acter set, vector plotting and internal line- types. The unit can automatically recon- figure or scale a graphic or character to fit within a certain area— condensing, ex- panding enlarging and reducing all images and characters. Equipped with one of two standard interfaces: HP-IB (IEEE-488) and RS-232C. Call your local Hewlett-Packard sales office. The Transtar Model 140 daisy wheel printer provides high quality, fully formed character printing capabilities in a com- pact, low profile package. Microprocessor- based design allows emulation of an industry standard specialty printer pro- tocol, providing compatibility with existing driver routines of established word pro- cessing software, such as Peachtree’s Magic Wand and MicroPro’s WordStar. The serial interface, with front panel- mounted, DlP-switch selected communi- cation rates to 2400 baud, supports the ocmmonly used DTR busy protocol as standard. An optional bidirectional tractor allows use of a wide variety of fanfold forms, and provides precise vertical align- ment for the accurate printing of super- scripts, subscripts, and graphics— $1 ,695. Micro Distributors, 1 1 794 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, MD 20852 (800) 638-6621 or Sigma Distributing, 21 10-1 16th Avenue N.E., Bellevue, WA 98005 (800) 426-141 2. MISCELLANEOUS New Dual channel, DC to 50 MHz digital memoiy Oscilloscope fits as a module into Apple 11 and Apple 11 Plus micro- computers, using the display and key- board as an oscilloscope screen and control panel, the Apple computer for waveform processing, and disk memory for waveform storage. The Model 85 per- forms standard laboratory functions such as signal averaging and DVM readout, and 8K of Apple memory is available for user program development. User program- mable for such functions as Fast Fourier Transform, auto- and cross-correlation, power density spectra, and integration and differentiation. The Model 85 acquires data through probes or cables connected to the module at the back of the computer. Fastest sweep speed is 1 0ns/ div, and, at 1 ms/div and slower, the scope operates as a real-time A/D conversion system. Soft- ware-generated 8x10 division graticule (erasable for an easier-to-read display, and, since it is on precisely the same surface as the waveforms, introduces on parallax or distortion errors. A cursor pro- vides DVM readout for any specified point on a displayed waveform. Supports hard copy output of the waveform display (Silen- type or Epson MX-80) to which the user may add comments if desired— $995. Requires two peripheral slots, 48K and one disk drive with DOS 3.3. Northwest Instrument Systems, Inc., P.O. Box 1309, Beaverton, OR 97075 (503) 297-1434. TheKanelA2-l Logic Analyzer is a periph- eral card for the Apple computer that can analyze TTL compatible MOS and TTL circuits. Connected to the card’s three ribbon cables are 32 data input probes and 1 6 data output probes. Software sup- plied displays input signals as columns of I’s and O’s on the screen. From 1 to 16 of the inputs may be used for a trigger pattern. Routines are provided in BASIC, Pascal and assembly language to help the user to write custom programs for pro- grammed stimulus/response interaction with the circuit under test— $400. Kanel Corp., 1025 Reynolds Road B202, John- son City, NY 13790. The Model T Computer Slide System pro- duces color slides using a 48K Apple and graphics tablet. The output of the system is common 35mm Ektachrome film that can be developed in 38 minutes. The slides cost an average of $3 each to produce and are sold on the open market for $10 to $20. The Model T has 20 character fonts, each in several sizes. No programming is necessary to Crete slides since it is largely created through prompts. The cost of the add-on to an existing Apple is $3,495, which includes the repro- duction module, software and graphics tablet overlay. The reproduction module has a motorized 35mm camera controlled by the computer. Requires an Apple 11 Plus with 48K, Apple Graphics Tablet, DOS 3.3 with two disk drives and a color video display. Toucan Visual Production Sys- tems, 1 033 Battery Street, San Francisco, CA94111 (415) 392-2970. The Soundchaser Digital/Analog Music System, designed for the Mountain Com- puter Music 5, is a professional 49-key four octave unit. Superb “touch”, housed in a handcrafted solid wood cabinet. The Analog System consists of the keyboard and interface card, Passport Designs Ana- log Voice cards, and the Music Operating System software. Features a three-voice analog card with state of the art com- ponents. Oscillator, filter and amplifier are computer controlled; one card may be used for up to six voices. Software pro- vides advanced sonic control, allowing you to draw contours and modify wave- form shapes as never before. Sequencer section lets you lay down bass lines or chords while you play over them.— $560. The Digital System consists of the key- board and interface card, the Mountain Computer, Inc. Music System and the Soundchaser Digital performance soft- ware. Each of the eight voices in the hard- ware system uses two independently pro- grammed and controlled digital oscillators. The software lets you define the “instru- ments” or presets by drawing the wave- forms or by specif^ng their harmonic content. Ten presets in memory can be changed “on the fly” with no delay. An outstanding feature is the multi-trach se- quencer, which can store and play back entire orchestral arrangements. The se- quencer is fully polyphonic.— $520. Pass- port Designs, Inc. 785 Main St, Half Moon Bay, CA 94019. (415) 726-0280. 88 Apple Orchard Software BUSINESS The VersaFomn Business Forms Pro- cessor will boost your paper forms pro- ductivity on the apple 11. A business forms processor is a sophisticated yet simple to use transaction management program. The central feature of such a program is its ability to process multiple transactions under a single heading. This is unique among all existing data or file manage- ment programs currently available on low- cost microcomputers. Instantaneous up- dating within a specified form yields run- ning totals, cumulative tax or tariff charges, and correctly calculated sub-total exten- sion by line. Once the information has been entered and processed, it can be sent back to a pre-printed form or blank paper that becomes its own form. Manage ment reports can easily be produced summarizing information from the com- pleted forms. Applied Software Tech- nology, 1 5985 Greenwood Road, Monte Sereno, CA 95030 (408) 395-1541. EASy, the Executive Accounting System for the Apple /// is a comprehensive ac- counting program with general ledger, accounts receivable, and accounts pay- able modules. Fully integrated, and de signed for small- to medium-sized busi- nesses requiring full reporting capabilities, maximum friendliness, and expandability. Generates complete financial and manage ment reports. Prints invoices, statements and checks. Entirely menu-driven, multiple company use, expandable with add-on modules, partial and manual payments, flexible accounting periods, fast access to information. On 5% floppies upgradable to Profile Hard Disk. No price given. At your local dealer. With VC-Manager, you can add, subtract, divide and multiply VisiCalc files against other files or constants. Generate Variance reports. Statements of Changes, Com- pany totals from Business or Products. Convert constant $ reports to inflation adjusted using different price factors for each line. Compare alternatives on an incremental bases. Gp to 1 5 files can be operated on in each pass. Requires Apple- soft in ROM— $65 plus 6% PA tax. Micro Decision Systems, P.O. Box 1392, Pitts- burgh, PA 15219 (412) 276-2387. Simply enter your tax information into the easy-to-use Tax Manager program, then sit back and relax while it quickly com- putes the information and prints most of your federal income tax schedules. When tax laws change don’t be concerned. With Micro Lab’s Extended Warranty Plan ($30 per year) you can update to the current version at no additional cost. You will not have to reinvest more money in a new program. Computes and prints out the 1 040 form and 115 supporting forms and schedules. Automatic global recalculation of entries; recalculations linked from sched- ule to schedule, schedule to form— $1 50 (deductible). Micro Lab, 2310 Skokie Val- ley Road, Highland Park, IL 60035 (312) 433-7550. AccuRec is the integrated time recorder and wage summary program for Apple 11 business users. Easy to use. Enter your initial and personal ID code to clockin and out. Displays daily and weekly records. Eliminate time-consuming 1 0 key conver- sion of time cards into paychecks. Prints an accurate record of attendance and gross wages. Structure your workweek and paydays. Set overtime variables— $79.95. Requires time/clock interface board. Individualized Operand, P.O. Box 3030, San Rafael,’^CA 94912 (415) 459- 3383. utilib^city 21 of our most-asked-for Apple Utilities by Bert Kersey 4Sk Applesoft rom For YOUR Bis Apple— Our 21 most-asked-for Apple Utilities on one bis disk— Ust Formatter makes properly spaced & indented listinss with printer pase breaks. Each prosram statement is on a new line with If- Then’s & Loops caHed out; a sreat de-bussei"! Catalos in any number of columns & any pase-width to CRT or printer. Automatically post the Run-Number & last-used Date in your prosrams. Make any command invisible in your listinss; Access prosram lines in memory for sarbase repair & "illesal’’ alteration; Quickly sort & store info on disk; Run any Applesoft file while another stays intact; Renumber to 65535; Save inverse, INVISIBLE & trick file names; Convert dec to hex & binary, or INT to FP; Append prosrams; dump the text screen to ANY printer . . . More too: 21 Programs Total! PLUS . . . APPLE TIP BOOK NUMBER THREE! 40 PAGES of new tips, tricks & articles— "DOS Trickery," "Copy Stoppers," "Programmins the Reset Key" & much more Plus understandable explanations of how each U-City Prosram works— One of the best Apple learnins tools on the market today! ✓ Utility City on Applesoft Disk, ^ Beagle Bros Apple Tip Book 3 ✓ Apple PEEKS, POKES & POINTERS Chart alpha plot Hi-Res Apple Graphics/Text Utility by Bert Kersey & Jack Cassidy 48K REQUIRED HI-RES DRAWING: Create hi-res pictures & charts, appendable to your pro^ams. Keyboard or Paddle control; Op- tional Xdraw Cursor (see lines before you draw!); Any color mix or REVERSE (opposite of backsround); Circles, Boxes & Olipses, filled or not. Bonus Prosrams too— SCRUNCHER stores hi-res in as little as 1/3 normal disk space. SHIFTER transfers any portion of the hi-res screen. Also superimpose hi-res imases and convert Hi-Res to Lo-Res & back for fascinatins abstracts! HI-RES TEXT: Beautiful upper & lower case with Descenders; color or reverse; Positionable anywhere (NOT restricted by Htabs & Vtabs). Professional looking PROPORTIONAL SPACINGI Adjustable Type Size, Leading (line spacing) & Kerning (letter spacing). Multi- directional typing; up, down, even backwards! PLUS . . . APPLE TIP BOOK NUMBER FOUR! 40 PAGES of tips for making the most of your Apple’s advanced graphics capabilities Alpha instructions plus shape table tips, new titling & color tricks and fascinating animation experiments! ✓Alpha Plot on Applesoft Disk. ^3^52 ✓ Beagle Bros Apple tip Book #4 ✓Apple PEEKS, POKES & POINTERS Chart. il|>ple Utility Disks! With Free PEEKS & POKES Wall Chart! J MICRO SOFTWARE 3 4315 Sierra Vista San Diego, CA 92103 714-296-6400 WITH EACH ORDER, YOU WILL RECEIVE . . . □ Dos Boss, Utility City or Alpha Plot on Applesoft Disk □ A 40-page Apple Tip Book (each entirely different) □ An 11x17 Apple PEEKS, POKES & POINTERS Chart do/ boxf DISK COMMAND EDITOR by Bert Kersey & Jack Cassidy A classic utility you will ENJOY! Rename Commands: "Catalog” can be "Cat,” etc. Save-Protect your programs; Unauthorized copy at- tempts produce "Not Copyable” message. 1-Key Program Selection from catalog (extremely handy!). Catalog Customizer— Change Disk Volume message to your title; Omit or alter file codes; Catalog by file type, etc. Rewrite Error Messages— "Syntax Error” can be "Oops!” or anything you want! All of Dos Boss’s change feaures may be appended to your pro- grams, so that anyone using your disks on any Apple (booted or not) will be formatting DOS the way you designed it! I ✓ Dos Boss on Applesoft Disk. ✓ Beagle Bros Apple Tip Book =2 ✓ Apple PEEKS, POKES & POINTERS Chart nP^ H^IBeagle Bros Software. J BONUS WITH EACH DISK! POKE your Apple «ll night long with this handy 11x17 refer- ence poster! The most useable PEEKS, POKES, POINTERS & CALLS scrounged up from every source imaginable! A great companion to our original Apple Co mmand Chart. Nationwide: California: 800-854-2003 ext. 827 800-522-1500 ext. 827 Alaska / Hawaii: 80q-854-26M ^Order^nj)^j^2^ Or order by mail (use this coupon or separate sheet)'^ mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm p ■ RUSH! The disks checked below I ■ Plus The Tip Book and PEEKS & POKES Chart! □ UTILITY CITY □ ALPHA PLOT □ DOS BOSS ($31) , ($41) ($25.50) g I (Prices include Rrst Class Shipping; Calif, residents add 6%.) Specify: Im NAME$= 3.2 □ 3.3 I J ADDR$= CITY$= ZIP= VISA/MASTERCARD: Include Account No. & Expiration Date. V/SA Ask around about Our programs are practical; friendly & user-oriented, and always come with an amazing amount of documentation & juicy Apple information. If your dealer doesn’t have our stuff, get on his case about it, or order directly from us. We ship all disks & books WITHIN 48 HOURS. Mail U.S. check, money order or Visa/MC Numbers “ to: BEAGLE BROS, Dept. A 4315 Sierra Vista, San Diego, CA 92103 Telephone (714) 296-6400. Please add $4.50 for shipping outside US or CanTda. COD orders, add $3. California residents, add 6%. May -June 1982 89 File-Fax lets you get a handle on your records. Can organize your records for day-to-day use. It will search for and re- trieve information at incredibly high speed, and turn out almost any type of report. It’s extremely flexible— File-Fax can maintain customer files, payroll records, mailing lists, patient histories, sales results, etc. Visual display is tailored to your own taste and needs. You actually create your own forms just the way you want them. Com- prehensive manual makes File-Fax easy to learn. Help menu is available on-line. Price not given. TMQ Software, Inc., 390 N. East River Road, Des Plaines, IL 6001 6 (312)299-5671. The “Slide Show” allows you to use your Hi-Res pictures in a programmed se- quence. Think of it as a standard slide show on your television with the advantage of “TV-like” special effect transitions be- tween “slides”. Twenty different transi- tions including: horizontal and vertical wipes, ripple effects, column wipes, etc. Works with standard Apple pictures, single or multiple disk drives. Free run, timed, keypress or game button slide advance. User friendly— not copy protected. Prints slide/transition listing— $49.95. C&H Video, P.O. Box 201, Hummelstown, PA 17036(717)533-8480. DB Master Version Three has more fea- tures than before. Now you can have computed fields— perfect for accounts receivable, inventory control and similar applications. Each record may now in- clude up to 10 computed fields. Field values are automatically re-computed and displayed each time a record is edited. Tell DB Master which field to total and which records to use. A running summary of records found and the field’s sum, average and standard deviation are displayed on the screen. New report generator option capabilities include number formatting with commas, auto-date record selection for printing daily, monthly or annual re- ports, printing of averages and standard defviation when printing olumn totals. DB Master’s standard features include dy- namic prompting, user designed screen forms, short form, data compaction, pass- word file protection, multiple sort keys. Price not given. If you’re a registered owner of an earlier version of DB Master, send one or both of your program disk- ettes, plus $1 5 for an update to Version Three. Stoneware, Inc., 50 Belvedere Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 (415) 454- 6500. Muse Software offers four packages to make your office Apple II more useful: Super-Text word processing system is so simple to use you’ll learn the basics of text editing in mere minutes. Many advanced feature such as split screen for editing large documents, math mode for operat- ing statistical reports, optional file linking for global search and print operations, preview mode for reviewing line endings and page breaks before printing, form letter generation and mailing list manage- ment add-on modules plus much more— $150. Form Letter, an add-on module to Super-Test, allows you to print multiple letters with individual names and ad- dresses and personal inserted paragraphs and name insertions. The program will also format and print an envelope at the end of the letter— $100. The Address Book is an add-on to Super-Text that lets you add or change addresses; list phone numbers; print labels, sort addresses; ac- cess state and your category codes. Or use the Address Book alone as a simple mailing list— $49.95. Data Plot converts hard-to-understand figures into clear graph- ics. Choose the format that works best: bar chart, line graph, scatter diagram or pie chart— all in color— $59.95. Muse Soft- ware, 347 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21201 (301)659-7212. MicroFinesse provides professional finan- cial forecasting plus full high-resolution color graphics support, including pie charts, histograms and graphs, for the financial projections you create. Menu- driven command format can also generate up to 15 user-defined reports per model, with visuals, without reprogramming. Avail- able at your local dealer or contact: Osborne/McGraw-Hill, 630 Bancroft Way, Berkeley, CA 9471 0 (41 5) 548-2805. Complete Mailing Label and Filing Sys- tem provides dynamic file maintenance: labels 1 to 4 across, duplicate labels, customized labels, elaborate multi-level count/sorts, range sorts and partial field sorts; formatted 80-column (or more) reports. Ultra Plot is beautiful business graphics, completely menu driven (with no commands to learn). Create bar charts, stacked bar charts, scatter charts, pie charts, hi-low graphics and map charts. Interface program allows you to use your mailing system data files to create Ultra Plot data or picture files. See all of your mailing system information in graph or chart form. This utility will total and aver- age, search, sort, and count. Also includes utilities: merge, reformat, index any field, subfile creation based on any search/sort you want. Requires Applesoft ROM, 48K, 1 or 2 disk drives, DOS 3.2 or 3.3, Muffinable. 8 Diskfulls, 5 part 3-ring manual— $175. Avant-Garde Creations, P.O. Box 301 60, Eugene, OR 97403 (503) 345-3043. The Hardisk Accounting System is a menu driven, double entry accounting system. It consists of general ledger, ac- counts receivable, accounts payable, in- ventory, point of sale, sales order entry, purchase order entry, payroll, fixed asset management, and mailing labels. All modules are interactive and include com- plete audit trails. The businessperson will find the Hardisk Accounting System easy to use, thanks to the data entiy prompts and extensive error checking. Available in UCSD Pascal for the Apple // / with Coivus or Apple hard disk or the Apple II with Corvus hard disk. Great Plains Computers, 113 Broadway, Fargo, ND 58102 (701) 293-8483. Realty Software has released an enhanced version of the disk based Property Manage- ment System for tracking Income and Expenses on rental property. This system will handle a mixture of property rentals including single family homes, condo- miniums as well as multifamily housing. Information for each rental is kept on-line including up to three rentor names or name and address, four phone numbers, date rented, rent amount, deposits, num- ber of returned checks plus two memo lines. This information along with rental income tracking data is stored on diskette and is easily displayed on-screen at any time for information or updating purposes. All information can be printed for a perma- nent record. Features display of late rents, year-to-date and monthly income, entering of expenses and operating statements for each building separately or in consolidated form. For the Apple II or Apple ///— $375, Realty Software Company, 1116 F 8th Street, Manhattaan Beach, CA 90266 (213) 372-9419. A new Scientific Software Package pro- vides Sophisticated nonlinear least squares using Marquardt optimization strategy. Also provides curve^fitting, paianriet^ data-fitting. In using NLLSQ it is only necessary to provide simple oneline sub- routines to fit data to equations like: y = A exp (B + Cx) -I- D exp (E + Fx). Almost any linear or nonlinear least squares problem can be handled, subject to limitations of memory and machine accuracy. Includes features limited previously to main-frame computing. Stores results on disk, formats output Standard deviations in parameters. Write for free, informative manual. NLLSQ— $125 plus $3 handling. CET Research Group, Ltd., P.O. Box 2029, Norman OK 73070 (405) 360-5464. Routeplanner will help anyone who plans business and sales trips, pick-up and delivery routes, van pools, transit routes or other trips containing multiple stops. Routeplanner accepts up to 21 route stops whose map coordinates are ob- tained from most city, state or national maps. After optional route adjustments are made, Routeplanner computes the order of stops and approximate distance for the shortest trip. Also provides a data 90 Apple Orchard 256K APP-L-CACHE TRIPLE DISK SPEED - QUIKTUPLE MEMORY SIZE !! Triple your data retrieval speed! Imagine the speed of a "solid-stote disk” without access deloys or moving ports. Fast and reliable. Quintuple your memory size! Imagine the power of 304K memory — 48K more than IBM's 256K new personal computer. Dig and responsive. The 5VA 256K APP-L-CACHE gives you two highspeed solid state mini disks and oil the functions of o 16K memory cord conveniently pocked inside your Apple residing in Slot 0. Consider the copobilities and expansion potential of the 5VA APP-L- CACHE before buying onother mini disk or o memory cord. With the APP-L-CACHE you get big system performance at o micro price. ADVANTAGES Improve system operation: • Add 64K to 256K bytes of memory to your Apple • Gain up to 2 "solid-stote mini disk drives” through EPPOM emulation of stondord DOS disk commands • Enjoy oil the functions of o standard 1 6K memory cord • Eliminate need to purchase on additional mini disk drive Improve software performance: • Enhance high speed data access and file sorting • Compute on large data bases without mini disk delays • Reduce disk swopping and handling • Gain hard disk performance and the simplicity of mini floppy operation. • Improve progrom development speed ond lower costs • Copy ond verify disks with only one mini drive SOFTWARE SUPPORT You hove complete compotibility with CP/M*, PASCAL, ond the APPLE DOS* operoting systems. Poscol users gain • Automatic load of oil system files to APP-L-CACHE • Double compilation speed • Reduced Editor ond Filer load time by 3 times • Single mini disk drive operation Apple DOS users gain • Automatic initialization • Foster program loading ond file accessing CP/M users gain • Automatic initialization • User selectable volume number SORRENTO VALLEY ASSOCIATES, INC. 11722 Sorrento Volley Rood Son Diego, CA 92121-1 084 (714) 452-0101 *CP/M Trademark Digital Research, APPLE DOS Trademark of Apple Computer. VisiColc Trodemorl^ of VisiCorp. base program which can store map loca- tions of up to 400 accounts, streets, cities, etc. This eliminates the need to con- tinuously refer to maps when entering data into routeplanner. Requires an Apple 11 with 48K Applesoft, and disk drive. Printer is optional— $149 plus $1.50 for shipping and handling. Columbia Soft- ware, Box 2235, 5461 Marsh Hawk Way, Columbia, MD 21045 (301) 997-3100. The General Ledger Package by Money Disk for the small business is called No- Nonsense Books. The system is organized around 50 pre-named accounts including two checking accounts. Account and Profit Center names may be changed if desired. Maintains records of sales in five Profit Centers for retail and wholesale account- ing. Also maintains complete records of each check written and all journal entries. Each transaction must be balanced before being accepted for recording directly to the ledger accounts. A 64-page user’s manual is provided. Monthly entries are limited only by diskette capacity. Any record may be viewed on the screen or printed. Checkbook reconciliation for both accounts is completed on screen in just a few seconds. Account totals are main- tained for year to date, current month, last month, and last year. Printed reports in- clude Journal and check entries. Sales Summary and Inventory Turnover Report, Operating Summary, Profit and Loss by Profit Center, Trial Balance, Formal Profit and Loss Statement, Balance Sheet, Year end Worksheet and Chart of Accounts. Requires an Apple 11 with Applesoft Firm- ware card of Apple 11 Plus with 48K memory, two disk drives, 132 column printer (card in slot ^1)— $225. Money Disk, P.O. Box 1531, Richland, WA 99352 (509) 943-0198. This group of programs provides a com- plete system for depreciating up to 800 capital assets. The system capabilities provide for any of seven depreciation methods including ACRS for 1981-1985. Pickup previously depreciated items using last years tax return or your present depre- ciation schecule. Purchase cost or basis may be up to $1 million for any period from one to 99 years. Calculates Invest- ment Tax Credit, pro-rates depreciation when necessary, and allows conversion of depreciation method with Inventory, Dis- posed Property List and Recovered Cost List. Any report may be printed at any time. The Disposed Property List reports all items which have been sold, including the sales price, initial cost and basis, total depreciation to sale date, and tax gain or loss. The Equipment Inventory is a manage- ment tool for physical inventory and re- cording condition and operating status of industrial equipment. The system requires an Apple Computer with at least 32K memory, one disk drive and an 80 or 120 column printer. A 50 page user’s manual is provided— $225. Money Disk, P.O. Box 1531, Richland, WA 99352 (509) 943- 0198. This system provides a complete Ac- counts Receivable Accounting System system for up to 400 charge customers. A maximum of 2500 entries for all accounts per month may be processed. In addition to the usual account billing, recording cash received and charge sales, the pro- gram provides a means for entering sales information and printing sales invoices and packing slips. The system also prints four collection form letters and address labels for envelopes and file folders. Ac- count balances are maintained for current month, 30, 60 and 90+ days past due for each account and grand total. Year to date and monthly total purchases, discounts, service charges and bad debts are ac- cumulated for each account and sum- marized. Courtesy discounts and late pay- ment service charges are automatically applied if perviously authorized. Printed reports are automatically formatted for printers between 80 and 132 columns— $225. Money Disk, P.O. Box 1531, Rich- land, WA 99532 (509) 943-01 98. The Executive Briefing System (EBS) is a state-of-the-art presentation package. EBS cretes, organizes, and displays dynamic Supercharge Your APPLE II* • Plug-in compatibility • 320K bytes of RAM (200NS) memory designed to function like two 35 track floppy disk drives • Compatible with Apple DOS 3.3 and Apple Pascal 1.1 • Same size as the Apple Disk M* Drive • Invisible memory refresh - even with the Apple turned off The Axion RAMDISK™ 320K Memory System for the Apple II and Apple II Plus* provides access speeds never before available. The Axion memory system is designed to interact with Apple DOS 3.3* and Apple Pascal 1.1* like two standard flop- py disk drives while delivering the lightning fast access speeds of RAM memory. This also leaves 32K of RAM for advanced programming techni- ques. The interface board is slot independent and draws no power from your Apple. The rechargeable battery system built into the unit provides three hours of backup in the event of a power loss. Drop by your local Apple dealer or contact Axion, Inc. for more information. * Trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. * Pascal is a Trademark of U.C.S.D. Regents Rechargeable battery system built-in to pro- vide 3 hours of auxiliary power Slot independent interface board - draws no power from your Apple All firmware is in static RAM on the interface board Includes software for diagnostic, fast load and copy routines, and business applications 170 N. Wolfe Road, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 A)( LON (408) 730-021 6 92 Apple Orchard get tap performance hoohs from your appte! 5154-9 Basic Computer Programs for the Home (Sternberg) “This is one of the very tidiest books of its type, a model of how such books should be laid out.” Creative Computing, Contains over 75 practical home application programs helpful to the novice or experienced owner in increasing the usefulness of any home computer. Each program is documented with a description of its functions and operation, a listing in BASIC, a symbol table, sample data, and one or more samples. $10.95 ALSO AVAILABLE ON APPLE II DISK, request 10509, $24.95 New! 5174-3 Cryptanalysis for Microcomputers (Foster) Use your micro to help crack and create secret codes. Three easy- to-understand BASIC programs are offered for each cipher system. The first program converts Plaintext to Ciphertext, the second program converts Ciphertext to Plaintext, and the third uses mechanical aids and standard attacks on cryptograms. Line-by-line analysis accompanies each program. $13.95 (t) New! 5149-0 Codes, Ciphers, and Computers: An Introduction to Information Security (Bosworth) Describes the fundamentals of secret communication and provides an understanding of computer security through computer cryptography. Details and illustrates traditional cryptography techniques developed before computers and discusses more recent concepts for the highest levels of information and data security. $13.95 New! 5534-X The BASIC Conversions Handbook for Apple TRS-80 and PET ™ Users (Brain Bank) Convert Apple II and PET programs to TRS-80, TRS-80 and PET programs to Apple II, and TRS-80 and Apple II to PET. Equivalent commands are listed for TRS-80 BASIC (Model I, Level II), Applesoft BASIC, and PET BASIC, as well as variations for the TRS-80 Model III and Apple Integer BASIC. Also describes various graphic capabilities. $7.95 New! PIE Writer: Word Processing System (Crosley) Compose, edit, format, and print virtually any document or correspondence fast, easily, and inexpensively! PIE Writer offers all the versatility and machine efficiency of the larger systems but at a fraction of the cost. Works with 40 or 80 column display boards and features incremental spacing, word delete, word tabbing, underlining, centering, and more. Also produces “personalized” form letters and has special Call command for access to machine language subroutines. 12009, Standard; 13409, Smarterm, Sup‘R’Term, Videx, each $149.95 Sargon II (Spracklens) The first great computer chess program. “This program represents a giant step forward in micro- computing Chess ... an excellent program which will provide a true challenge for many players. We are impressed with the program’s speed, its opening book, and its much improved end game . . . Save your money and buy SARGON II. . .” ’80 Software Critique. 03404, Apple II tape, $29.95 03409, Apple II Disk, $34.95 New! King Cribbage (Rost) A must for card game lovers! Match hands against a computer armed with high-resolution graphics and a superior card playing ability! Easy instructions for beginners! 11509, Apple II disk, $24.95 Hayden Applesoft tm Compiler (Eiten) A new 3.3 DOS version features several modifica- tions including automatic garbage collection, the ability to printout compiler statistics, and a revised protection scheme to eliminate the need for hardware. These improvements and more are also available in the 3.2 DOS version. 08809, Apple II Disk, 3.2 Version; 11909, Apple II Disk, 3.3 Version; each $175.00 Klondike 2000 (Trackman) Gold is hidden in the desolate coave of a mine in the Martian desert. You discover the secret to gaining the loyalty of hostile robots guarding tbe gold. But you must fight conniving opponents and carry your gold out of the mine. Suspense! Excite- ment! Treachery! 10209, Apple II Disk, $24.95 Order Today I Hayden Book Company, Inc. | I 50 Essex St., Rochelle Park, NJ 07662 j I Please send me the book(s) checked on 15-day FREE examination. At the end of I I that time, I will send payment, plus postage and handling, or return the book(s) I I and owe nothing. On all prepaid. Visa or Master Card charge orders, publisher [ I pays postage - same return guarantee. | I □ 5149-0 □ 5154-9 □ 5174-3 □ 5534-X I Please send me the software checked. Enclosed is my check or money order. I PAYMENT MUST ACCOMPANY ALL SOFTWARE ORDERS. □ 03404 □ 08809 □ 11509 □ 12009 i I □ 03409 □ 10209 □ 11909 □ 13409 I Residents of NJ and CA must add sales tax. Offer good in USA only. Prices j I subject to change without notice. [ I Name i Available at your local computer store or order by phone 1 - 800 - 631-0856 In New Jersey, call 201-843-0550, ext. 382. Apple and Applesoft are registered trademarks of the Apple Computer Co., Inc,; TRS-80 is a registered trademark of Radio Shack, Inc.; PET is a registered trademark of Commodore Business Machines, Inc., none of which are affiliated with Hayden Book Company, Inc. Address_ City State _Apt # . Visa/Master Card #_ Signature. _Exp. Date _ o < “slide show” presentations on the Apple 11. The slide shows run automatically or manually, using hand controllers or the keyboard to advance, backup, or view individual slides. Run-Time options of viewing time, multi-disk wrap-around, and special effects such as curtains, dissolves, spirals, and cuts, may be specified prior to the show, or changed mid-show. EBS offers true color text fonts, proportional characters, and total text positioning flex- ibility. The Draw feature enables the user to draw in any of the six Apple colors, creating borders, flow charts, and dia- grams. Provides drivers for Epson, Integral Data and Silentype printers. Color hard copy is also available, as EBS supports the IDS Prism Printer. Comes complete with a demonstration diskette and full documen- tation— $1 99. Professional Software Tech- nology, Inc., 180 Franklin Street, Cam- bridge, MA 02189 (617) 497-2077. Add memory to Persona Software’s 16 sector VisiCalc program with the new VC- PLGS program. Add 82K or 145K of “free” memory space using one or two 64K cards from Legend. The program comes on the 128KDE card’s demo disk- ette, and is available as an update for the 1 28KDE user. It also comes with the 64K card but is available for $34.95 for single 64KC users. You will need a 48K Apple 11 and the Legend Industries 64KC or 128KDE card. No language or other 16K card is needed. From your local dealer or contact: Legend Industries, Ltd., 2220 Scott Lake Road, Pontiac, Ml 48054 (31 3) 674-0953. Omnifile is a full featured file manager and report generator— $49.95; Omnitrend is a powerful multiple regression trend analysis program with statistical calcula- tions and extensive hi-res graphics— $44.95; Omnigraph is a glexible data plotting program that allows X-Y plots, bar charts and pie charts— $39.95. All three are available for $99.95. Also available is the Omnitest educational system, which allows you to build your own question and answer files on any subject, then review them in drill or quiz game mode— $29.95. Programs come on unlocked diskettes with listable code. Educational Computing Systems, Inc., 106 Fairbanks Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 (615) 483-4915. The Phone Chronicle is a new hardware- software product that provides complete logging of pertinent data on all outgoing and incoming telephone calls. It logs date, time, number called, duration and identifi- cation code. The Phone Chronicle is avail- able for Apple 11 and IBM personal com- puters. Consists of a plug in PC board, a complete software package, all cables and a user manual. Installation takes just a few minutes. Powered independently of the computer and operates even when the computer is turned off or when being used for other tasks. It has its own micro- processor and memory. The memory is used to buffer the call data and has a battery back up so that data is not lost during a power failure. The on-board memory holds data from 1 50 calls. The extensive software package provided with the Phone Chronicle handles four major functions: Data Collection and transfer from the on-board memory to a disketter. Initialization program. System editor for preparing report formats and a Report Generator. Single line unit— $395; four line model is $695. Sycon, Inc, 3040 Scott Blvd., Santa Clara, CA 95050 (408) 727- 2751. This Inventoiy and Stock Control System permits up to 2m500 stock items and 99 suppliers: this can be increased to 3,000 if less information is stored for individual stock itmes. Stores stock description, prod- uct code reference, supplier code and name, quantity in stock (max 9,999), date of last sale, dte of last addition, level at which item should be re-ordered, quantity on order (max 9,999), date re-ordered, cost price (max $999.99), mark-up per- centage. Supplier name, quantity of each stock item sold to date is also stored. Menu driven program validates data entry. Password protected, the system includes complete documentation and user’s nrianik— £225.0QMicroS>sternsLkL field House, Vale, Guernsey, Channel Is- lands, Europe-GB. (04811) 47377. Get the facts about your stock market investments with the Stock Portfolio Sys- tem and an Apple computer. Easy to use menu driven system with simple step by step documentation. Flexible format per- mits you to buy stocks or options, cash or margin, plus control your money market account. Features current portfolio status by position, total funds balances, short and long term, plus much more. Advance notice of stocks going long term; divi- dends coming due; and options expiring. Complete records provide profit and loss statement; dividend income; all year to date— $149.95 plus $2 shipping. CA resi- dents add 6% sales tax. Requires an Apple ]N with 48K, 1 disk drive DOS 3.3 and applesoft in ROM. Will support a second disk and a printer. Smith Micro Software, P.O. Box 604, Sunset Beach, CA 90742 (213) 592-1032. A new Depredation/ACRS Analysis Sys- tem will handle three, five, ten and fifteen year ACRS property types and compare the ACRS deductions to the alternative straight line depreciation. The printed output shows each year’s deduction for the ACRS method and the straight line method with the accumulated totals from previous years for each method allowing a complete analysis of both choices— $75. SOFTWARE AUTHORS! for Apple, Atari, TRS-80, NEC, Hitachi. . . . Br^derbund Software is looking for new authors to join its international team of programmers. If you have a product for the micro market, let us show you the advantages of working "With our team of design, production and distribution specialists. - • Call or write for our free Authors Kit today or send us a machine readable copy of your work for prompt review under, strictest confidence. w , Bl^derbund SoftuuQr ^ „ 1938 Fourth Street, Son Rofoel, CR 94901 • (415) 456-6424 ‘ 94 Apple Orchard Information Unlimited Software, Inc. 281 Arlington Avenue Berkeley, California 94707 (415) 525-9452 Gaining momentum. Introducing Datadex™ for the Corvus. Datadex. Friendly. Flexible. Fast. Datadex is the easiest Data Base Management program for the Apple Computer. It is friendly, flexible and fast. Now it is available on the Apple Corvus Hard Disc. FAST. hole volume in 3 minutes. FASTER. Y record in a 10 megabyte file in 10 seconds. FASTEST. Drt 500 records in memory in just 3 seconds. )TEN YOUR SEAT BELTS. Datadex offers all this high-speed power- plus accessibility and security. The Omninet network provides 64 users simultaneous access to the data base, and features full customer lock-out for data security. Realty Software Company, 116 ‘E’ 8th Street, Manhattan Beach, CA 90266 (213) 372-9419. This program, called Forecaster, keeps track of one year’s worth of weekly entries of data for up to 40 funds. Designed for mutual fund and money market telephone switch option investors. It uses a forward difference algorithm to predict stock mar- ket trends, and then generates buy or sell signals. The program manual is clearly written, and goes into some financial background for the benefit of the begin- ning investor. Detailed instructions in be- ginning your investment program and on the use of the Forecaster system are supplied. Features include a data plot function, automatic calculation of the per- cent gain or loss, and a special function that allows the user to do midweek checks on the investment without effecting the data base— $75 plus $2 shipping. A one year data base for 1 5 select funds is also available for $20. For Apple 11, TRS 80 1 & 11, or CP/M Basic 80. Meta Software En- gineering, P.O. Box 18056, Albuquerque, NM 87185. The General Ledger with Payables has a capacity of 2,000 ledger accounts, un- limited journal entries, 200 open payable accounts, 1 ,900 open invoices, values up to $9,999,999,999.99, 1,000 checks per disk and user definable account numbers up to 1 0 digits. Prints checks, journal audit trails, balance sheets, income statements with budgets, history, month, year-to-date percentage and dollar change, depart- ment reports, check register and much more. The documentation is clearly written and segmented with tabs which corres- pond to numbered functions on the screen. Compatible with Brc/derbund Pay- roll and Accounts Receivable packages— $495. Requires 64K Apple 11 or 11 Plus with DOS 3.3 or an Apple ///, two disk drives and a printer. Brc/ derbund Software, Inc., Business Software Division, 1 1 938 Fourth Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 (415) 456- 6425. New H-P plotter software, allows you to produce presentation-quality full-color busi- ness graphics using the Apple 11 or /// and Hewlett-Packard plotters. Produces bar- charts, line charts, scatter diagrams and pie charts as well as text pages and signs, on paper or acetate (transparencies). Data can be entered manually or automatically from VisiCalc and other programs. Charts can be edited, stored, and retrieved. Op- tions include footnote and framing capa- bilities, a variety of hatchings and line types, exploded pie segments, linear re- gression and curve-fittings, logarithmic axes, and much more. Chart-Master is an interactive, menu-driven program that allows users, whether managers or sec- retaries, to produce professional looking charts immediately, with little or no train- ing. Simply enter your data, choose op- tions, select a chart format, and Chart- Master does the rest— $450. Decision Resources, 44 White Birch Road, Weston, CT 06883 (203) 222-1974. A new Snow Watch Weather Emergency System provides computerized school and business closings for use in a severe weather emergency by radio and television stations. Schools phone in unique code numbers to tell whether they are open or closed. Program completely organizes status reports and messages. Prints full or update reports for on-air use. Requires a 48K Apple with CP/M, Disk 11 and a printer —$350 includes diskette, documentation, and consultation. Media Service Concepts, inc., 1713 N. North Park, Chicago, IL 60614. COMMUNICATIONS With the Morse Decoder, you can connect your short wave CW receiver directly to any Apple 11. No hardware interface is required. Software decodes Morse and prints or displays alphabetics. The pack- age will adjust to any speed or pitch at the touch of a key. Menu driven program has many useful features. The package comes on disk or cassette with complete docu- mentation— $12.50. Bob Wiseman, 118 St. Andrews Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45245. EDUCATION Antfarm is a unique program designed to teach principles of good programming to children. Uses structured program control: sequence, selection, ieration, subpro- gram. Forces modularity of programs, mnemomic namig and encourages top- down design. In addition to the principles of good programming, Antfarm is fun. Kids have fun making the ant move, eat, plant, in interesting ways. Requires a 48K Apple with DOS 3.3— $49.95. Computer Consulting, 6723 E. 66th Place, Tulsa, OK 74133 (918) 492-9036. Nutrichec is a diet analysis program which features: Calculation of physical activity level from 90 activities, adaptable; food data base based on 1 980 RDA contains over 600 common foods, user expandable to over 900; displays and prints intake, suggested intake, percent of suggested, and index of nutrient quality for calories, fiber, fat, protein, 5 vitamins, and 6 miner- als; missing data indicated; makes bar graph for percent of suggested intake. Requires 32K DOS 3.3 with Applesoft— $59.95. Computer Consulting, 6723 E. 66th Place, Tulsa, OK 74133 (918) 492- 9036 The Micro-Deutsch German Course set includes 24 grammar lessons, covering all material of an introductory German course. Four test units also included. Grammar lessons use substitution trans- formation drills, item ordering, translations and verb drills. Drill vocabulary based on frequency lists. Suitable for use with any high school or college textbook. Exten- sively field tested at SONY Stony Brook— $179. Krell Software Corp., 21 Millbrook Drive, Stony Brook, NY 1 1 790 (51 6) 751 - 5139. The College Board S.A.T. Program con- fronts the user with a virtually limitless series of questions and answers. Each is based on past exams and presents mate- rial on the same level of difficulty and in the same form used in the S.A.T. Scoring is provided in accordance with the formula used by College Boards. S.A.T., P.S.A.T., N.M.S.Q.T.— Educator Edition set in- cludes 25 programs covering Vocabulary, Word Relationships, Reading Comprehen- sion, Sentence Completion, and Mathe- matics. Independent tests of S.A.T. series performance show a mean total increase of 70 points in students’ scores— $229.95. Graduate Record Exam series— Educator Edition includes 28 programs covering Vocabulaty, Word Relationships, Reading Comprehension, Sentence Completion, Mathematics, Analytical Reasoning and Logical Diagrams— $289.95. Krell Soft- ware Corp., 21 Millbrook Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11790 (516) 751-5139. Music Master is a curriculum for basic musicianship. Covers musical topics rang- ing from simple note recognition by ear to the identification of melodies achieved through interaction with a music key- board. Designed for the beginning as well as the advanced music student, Music- Master builds a solid foundation for per- forming, composing and orchestrating music. Uses the alphaSyntauri intelligent instrument. Available in self-contained modules on floppy diskette conesponding to three levels of mastery: beginner, intermediate, and advanced. Beginners module covers scales, intervals and triads. 96 Apple Orchard ^Pw®rtippl 0 r% features • OmphlW Screen Dump « Inverse Oraphlcs • Emphasized Graphics • Double Size Picture • 90° Rotation • Center Graphics i Chart Recorder Mode • Block Graphics :• Bell Control • Skip-over-Perf 5* Left and Right Margins • Variable Line Length • Text Screen Dump. The Grappler™ works with Pascal andCPM. The Grappler™ iStbe moir* intelligent Apple interface avail- able. Simple commands from the keyboard or user program, are all you need to dump screen graph- ics to your printer. The Grappler’s exclusive EPROM chip makes high resolution graphics that 'easy. There are Grappler sions to accommodate tliitC ^ ' Anadex, Epson Series* IdS Paper Tigers, Centronics 739, NEC 8023, G. Itoh Pro-writer, Okidata 82A,* Malibu 200, and future graphic printers. ‘Requires Graphics Upgrade. ACTUAL APpLe II PRINT|S8t®'Nfe GRAPPLER^AND EPSOt Printer I llntcrfacc IftOfor^ge micro 3150 E. La Palma, Suite G, Anaheim, CA 92806 ( 714 ) 630-3620 Intermediate and Advanced modules (available December 1 982) will cover ad- vanced topics such as movable do, rhythmic dictation, counterpoint and modulation. Built-in scoring software gives feedback at the end of sessions so that students and teachers can see progress and identify areas which have been mas- tered. Also includes reporting and teacher management sections— $150. Syntauri Corp., 35006 Waverly St., Palo Alto, CA 94306 (415) 494-1017. Dietician is a new idea for the microcom- puter. Make up a diet menu with specified content of calories, carbohydrates, pro- teins, fats, cholesterol and sodium. The program comes complete with the com- position of 700 foods. Allows you to look at the composition of each food instan- taneously before deciding to include it in your diet. Make as many menus as you like, each one with your own choice of foods. Make a different menu for each day of the week or the month. Takes only min- utes to make up a menu. Store the menus on the diskette or print them out. Analyze popular advertised diets. Originally written for use in a physician’s office. Now made available to the public. Requires Apple 11 or Apple 11 Plus with Applesoft in ROM and one disk drive with DOS 3.3. Printer desir- able. Complete with documentation— $59.95. Dietware, P.O. Box 503, Spring, TX 77373. Easily memorize verses of scripture with this unique Bible Quiz system. Enter the verses you wish to remember into the data base using the Add Verses program. The Bible Quiz program will then formulate questions on all of the verses you have selected to be quizzed on. There are five different types of questions each verse may have with a variety of different ways to ask each type: 1) reference a quoted verse, 2) give the topic of a verse number, 3) quote a numbered verse, 4) pick the verse number in a given chapter for a particular subject, 5) fill in the blanks of a verse. You may group your verses by Books of the Bible, topics, or whatever you wish. Requires DOS 3.3, or 3.3 and Apple- soft ROM— $29.95. Professional Compu- ter Systems, 31 8A Lincoln Ct., Blooming- dale, IL 60108. This Diagnostic Reading Software pro- gram is the first to use a diagnostic/reme- diation approach to teaching reading. PAL covers the entire scope of reading educa- tion for Grades 2 through 6. The curricu- lum has been validated against the top seven textbook reading series in the Uni- ted States. PAL diagnoses the specific deficiencies in a child’s reading ability, and prescribes remediation exercises directly targeted at the problem diagnosed. The program evaluates up to 40 major reading skils and up to 160 subskills per grade level. The Master Disk contains an upper/lo)ver case chip for the Apple II which allows PAL to present exercises in a “real world’’ format. Each reading Pack- age contains one Discovery Disk, which performs the diagnostic testing, and one or two Learning Disks, which provides 300-400 remediation exercises for each grade level. Keeps records for up to 30 students and gives an update on each student’s progress every time he/she signs on the machine— $99.95 per package. Universal Systems for Education, Inc., 2120 Academy Circle, Suite E, Colorado Springs, CO 80909 (303) 574-4575. Ghostwriter Authoring System allows non-programmers to easily create, modify and update sophisticated interactive video or CAI programs. Designed to to accom- modate both novice and expert authors, the Ghostwriter provides graphics capabil- ity, a comprehensive word processor/text editor, unlimited branching, and scoring of responses. Unique printer capability provides authors with complete lesson listings at any time during program devel- opment and a lesson verification process identifies any errors or omissions. The Ghostwriter is offered with an on-line manual easily accessible from any point in lesson development, as well as printed documentation. Programs created with the Ghostwriter can be utilized in training, education, point-of-purchase, and other information management applications. Requires a 48K Apple II with Applesoft ROM and two disk drives and a 1 6K RAM card. A student station requires only one disk drive and a 1 6K memory card. CAVRI Systems, Inc., 26 Trumbull Street, New Haven, CT 06511 (203) 562-4979. FINANCIAL The Home Accountant maintains up to 1 00 budget categories, keeps track of up to five checkbooks. Prints checks is de- sired. Prints a personal balance sheet and a net worth statement. Handles cash, checkbooks, credit cards and other liabili- ties and expenses. Allows multiplle disk- ettes and automatic transactions. Provides fast bank reconciliation. Custom search and retrieval of transaction information. Maintains a transaction history. Provides graphics for any category by bar graph, line graph and trend analysis— $74.95. Continental Software, 16724 Hawthorne Blvd., Lawndale, CA 90260 (213) 371-5612. The Accountant Version 4.4 has new fea- tures giving you more flexibility and ease of use than earlier vesions. The capability to enter transactions out of sequence has been added. This new version automati- cally takes advantage of the extra memory made available by a 1 6K RAM card in Slot Zero. Names of accounts or code names may be reviewed or printed when needed. GET THE FACTS ABOUT YOUR STOCK MARKET INVESTMENTS WITH THE STOCK PORTFOLIO SYSTEM AND AN APPLE^COMPUTER i ASYTO USF — menu driven plus simple step by step documentation FLI XIBLT — buy stocks or options, cash or margin, plus control your money market account QUICK ACCURATE REPORTING — current portfolio status by position, total funds balances, short and long term, plus much more VALUABLE TIMING AIDS — advance notice of: stocks going long term; dividends coming due; and options expiring COMPLETE RECORDS — profit and loss statement; dividend Income plus more all year to date, great for tax reporting the STOCK PORTFOLIO SYSTEM for the informed investor SMITH MICRO SOFTWARE YODK DI:AU:K or OKDKK DIKI C T 1 Y I’.O. BOX 604 Only $ 149.95 plus $2 shipping SUNSn BI:AC'H. CA 90742 .(213) 592-1032 C a Kesidt^ms add 6 % sales tax * APPLE TRADEMARK OF APPLE COMPUTERS. INC. ^ hp( k or C Ol) 98 Apple Orchard PROMETHEUS PRODJ||TS INCORPORATED 45277 Freihom Blvd. • 94538 • (415) 490-2370 1 VERSAbox The only intelligent SPOOLER/BUFFER with an optional REAL TIME CLOCK interface/ display. For use with all Centronics parallel and RS-232C INPUT/OUTPUT interfaces. VERSAbox’s high-speed input combined with up to 60K buffer (more with character compres- sion) frees up your computer from the slow job of printing. Modems and other compatible devices can also be buffered. Multiple software- selectable outputs permit you to choose be- tween two or more VERSAbox outputs or use them simultaneously. You can buffer multiple inputs simultaneously too. Add the optional REAL TIME CLOCK to VERSAbox and you get a six digit LED numeric time display. Your computer can read the time via the RS-232C port. Another useful option is the SWITCHED 120V SOCKET that can turn external devices on and off by clock control. VERSAbox is supplied in an attractive, com- pact 11” wide, 8” deep, 3” high cabinet. Interface cables are available from your dealer or Prometheus. SPECIAL OFFER for Apple II owners: Buy a VERSAbox this month and you will receive a free parallel interface and cable. VERSAbox, standard model with Centronics parallel INPUT/OUTPUT only and 16K buffer $249.00 VERSAbox, with both Centronics parallel and RS-232C INPUT/OUTPUT and 1 6K buffer $299.00 REAL TIME CLOCK option with DISPLAY add $150.00 SWITCHED 120V OUTLET option add $50.00 Additional 16K BUFFER MEMORY KITS each add $50.00 PLUS VERSAbox FOR EVERYBODY I. VERSAcard Four cards on one for Apple 11.(1) Serial Input/ Output Interface, (2) Parallel Output Interface, (3) Precision Clock Calendar, and (4) BSR Control. All on one card with TRUE SIMULTA- NEOUS OPERATION. Before you buy Mountain Computer CPS or any other multifunction card, ask these questions; Can I use CP/M and Apple Pascal with NO disk modification? Does it have interrupts? Will I be able to read and set the year? Does it have BSR control? Can I use DB Master? Ascii Express? VISI Dex? Easy Writer? WORDSTAR? Z-TERM PRO? VISITERM? .... other software packages? If the answer is YES to all of the above, then you’re talking about VERSAcard and ONLY VERSAcard. And, the list price has been reduced by $50 to $199.00 SPECIAL OFFER; Buy a VERSAcard and we’ll sell you GRAFTRIX, a sophisticated screen dump graphics package, with $25 off the regu- lar list price of $65 for only $40.00. II. AUTO-DOC An automatic diagnostics system for your Apple II computer. Get a complete check of your critical Apple hardware EVERY time you power-up. AUTO-DOC saves TIME, ENERGY, and MONEY by identifying problems in your Apple before they make themselves known by sys- tem failures. And, you don’t have to remember to insert a disk. DOC automatically identifies system problems before you run your pro- grams by doing extensive system diagnostics. If DOC finds a failure, it indicates the problem area and, in some cases, the specific chip or component that’s responsible. DOC includes a memory test, processor test, ROM test, and more. In addition, extensive disk based diagnostics are included for further test- ing and subsystem checks for many popular peripheral cards. AUTO-DOC is simple and easy to install. And once installed, DOC will always be there work- ing AUTOMATICALLY everytime you power-up. Can you afford to be without AUTO-DOC? AUTO-DOC List Price $99.00 Another new feature permits you to “group” accounts so that the sum of the balances of a group of accounts can be displayed. One of the most powerful addi- tions to The Accountant permits multiple automatic transaction files to be specified. A split transaction mode allows you to split one transaction into several different ones to correctly record where “lump” sums were spent, etc. Standard features of The Accountant include automatic double entry, natural language dialog, balance sheet, flexible query system, fast retrieval, data compression, interated files, memory management, on-keyboard cal- culator, scroll and page modes, automatic transactions, monthly summaries and output formats for either screen or printer. Complete documentation in attractive binder with demonstration data base, tutorial, and command summaries. Re- quires an Apple 11 with Applesoft in ROM and 48K of memory— $99.95. DBCALC is an interface program designed to extract information from the Accountant’s data base and create a VisiCalc file to your specifications. VisiCalc can either load the file thus created or overlay the data to a pre-formatted screen. You specify the accounts and codes for which you would like information output and the column and row for each actual and projected value to be inserted in the VisiCalc file.— $20. (requires VisiCalc). Decision Support Software, 1438 Ironwood Drive, McLean, VA 22101 (703) 241-8316. GAMES/SIMULATIONS Time: June, 1 943. Place: North Atlantic. The German Wolf Packs have been driven from their hunting grounds by Allied escort vessels and massive air attacks. But unknown to the Allies is a Nazi super sub completed well ahead of schedule: The Mark XXI. Fathoms 40 mkes you the German skipper of this super sub with your mission to totally destroy enemy allied merchant shipping— $39.95. Also availa- ble: Cloak & Dagger, which pits you against the computer, or other players, as head of an intelligence agency trying to stay one step ahead of its rivals. Moving agents from capital to capital, ferreting information, and offering bribes are fun- damental parts of each player’s turn . . . and your survival— $39.95. Horizon Simu- lations, 7561 Crater Lake Highway, White City, OR 97503 (503) 826-3630. Night Mission, a beautiful and sophisti- cated new pinball simulation offers super- ior ball action and flipper control, and many subtle perfections which will result in your superior enjoyment. Night Mission permits up to 4 players— $29.95. At your local dealer or contact: subLogic, 713 Edgebrook Drive, Champaign, IL 61820 (217) 359-8382. The Count is a systematic approach to Blaclqack play which eliminates the house edge and maximizes the player’s oppor- tunity to win. Learn in as few a two even- ings! The Count teaches a basic playing strategy, without counting the cards. Instead, it teaches you a hand counting method which has been proven to give the player an edge over the casino. The Count can also be a game for the kids. Requires a 48K Apple II with DOS 3.3-$24.95. Pear Software, 407 Terrace, Ashland, OR 97520 (503) 482-8122. International Gran Prix, a realistic racing game, features five Grand Prix style road circuits, including: Oulton Park, Warwick Farm, Karlskoga, and Monaco. Five speed manual or automatic transmission (with or without cruise control) and eight levels of difficulty. Permit speeds to 198 MPH, controlled skids, spinouts, hairpin turns, narrow corners, obstacles, identified cir- cuit features, “Christmas tree” controlled start, switch for silent operation, fully instrumented control panel, moving speed tape, lap counter, gear and RPM indicators, operating fuel gauge — $30. Riverbank Software, Inc., P.O. Box 128, Denton, MD 21629 (301)479-1312. With Horizon V and Russki Duck, Nasir outdoes himself again; this time with three-dimensional effects in a simulated space battle that rivals the best of arcade machines. From the open plains of alien planetoids to the twisting vortex of time. Horizon V is destined to be the measure of three-dimensional simulation. Requires 48K Apple II or II Plus with a disk drive. Russki Duck is a real-time adventure. As a secret agent working for the DIA, you must recover the stolen LX missile plans before foreign agents can smuggle them out of the country— hidden in a duck. Requires 48K Apple II or II Plus with disk drive. Prices not given. At your local dealer or contact: Gebelli Software, Inc., 171 Tribute Road, Suite A, Sacramento, CA 95815. In Apventure to Atlantis, a new fast action game by Robert Clardy, the forces of sorcery are gathering to repulse the marauding scientific Atlantean Kingdom. The epic battle can end either in the en- slavement of the world or the absolute destruction of Atlantis. More color and sound, highly detailed animation, arcade- like action, true role playing, greater chal- lenge, unending variety and endless en- joyment are yours. Requires careful plan- ning and strategy, quick thinking and reflexes, as well as a 48K Apple II with DOS 3.3 and paddles— $40. At your local dealer or contact: Synergistic Software, 5221 120th Ave., S.E., Bellevue, WA 98006 (206) 226-3216. Appleopoly, a Hi-Res graphic implemen- tation of a long-time favorite board game, provides sound effects, shows dice rolling and tokens moving. Automatically man- ages bank accounts— $29.95. Requires 48K Apple II DOS 3.3. Computer Consult- ing, 6723 E. 66th Place, Tulsa, OK 74133 (918) 492-9036. Midnight Magic Pinball; this amazing elec- tronic pinball experience brings all of the fast action and tension of a real pinball game to the computer screen. For one to four players. You have flippers top and bottom, bumper action, rollovers. All the sounds of a classic arcade pinball machine. Outstanding graphics. Even permits tilting. You control the release velocity and if you’re good, you can trip up to three balls for simultaneous play. Keeps a record of the top ten players (optional) — $34.95. At your local dealer or contact: Broderbund Software, 1 938 Fourth Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 (415) 456-6424. Crossword Magic will help teach any sub- ject at any grade level. You supply words from any subject. Crossword Magic automatically interconnects them to form a puzzle. Play your own creations on the computer or print a hard copy playable version. High resolution graphics with hard copy graphics on 20 different print- ers and a save game feature are standard. Develops typing skills and increases vo- cabulary and spelling skills — $49.95 in- cludes a lifetime diskette warranty. Add $3 handling and postage. Requires an Apple II or II Plus with 48K of memory and DOS 3.3. LBS Computerware, 589 Fraser Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94087 (408) 738-3416. The Mate Chess System is a strategy game peripheral which comes complete with a powerful chess program on cas- sette: true sensor chessboard with mag- netic chess pieces and available in con- figurations fr the Apple II, Commodore Pet, and TRS 80. All you do is move the pieces. The computer will sense the move and respond through LED lights on each square of the board. Of course, the com- puter display screen will continue to show the game in progress. Plays world class computer chess with a top program from Applied Concepts, makers of the world- famous Boris and Morphy chess pro- grams. Upgradable programs will be available at the same frequency that ACI upgrades its dedicated Home Chess Computers. New programs are designed consistently to maintain ACI’s reputation of having the strongest chess programs available on the market. Destiny, 207 North Kirby, Garland, TX 75042 (214) 494-0281. 1 00 Apple Orchard High Technology High Technology High Technology High Technology High Technology Transit Job Control Systerr-i Information Master Doctor's Office Companion The Store Manager Software In Depth The first time you use our software you'll find it does wonderful things. The more you use it, the more you'll find how useful it is. We have programs for doctors, CPA's, attorneys, retail store managers, contractors, estimators, print shops, schools, and manufacturers. We even have a program for programmers. And the list is growing. We have programs for the Apple™, NEC™, and Atari 800™ computers, and this list is growing, too. To see our software, please visit The Xerox Store or another fine computer dealership in your area. Call or write us for a free catalog. High Technology Software Products, Inc., 2201 N.E. 63rd Street, P.O. Box AO-14665, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73113, 405/478-2105 High Technology Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc Atari IS a trademark of Atari, Inc. NEC is a trademark of Nippon Electric Company, Ltd. High Technology High Technology High Technology High Technology High Technology Fpst 1 . Cm ‘ iViosiei ; . TneOfder Scheduler ’ , , . Gherri ipb ' ’ ' f , Sthnuidfiprtsr. ’ ' . , D'Sk 0;Cb5c;k CferT | High Technology High Technology High Technology High Technology High Technology Post Master The Order Scheduler Chem Lob Sirnulotions-v Disk-O-Check Client Billing System Arcade Machine lets you create your own arcade games. No knowledge of pro- gramming necessary. Each time you use the Broderbund Arcade Machine, you will generate a new, copy-protected disk con- taining on it an arcade game of your own design! Your games will have the following features: Animated full-color monsters and other players as designed and drawn by you (or select from a medley of creatures on the Arcade Machine disk). Dramatic shoot-’ em-up explosions and sound ef- fects, automatic scoring and high score features, fat-loading auto-boot to title page. Colorful title page with your title and name in large graphic letters (like other Broder- bund games). One or two player options, several skill levels, optional gravity effects. Menu driven for easy use, regardless of age or ability! Your arcade programs are created entirely in machine language for fast and smooth arcade-quality animation —$44.95. Requires Apple II or Apple II Plus and one disk drive. Broderbund Software, 1 938 Fourth Street, San Rafael, CA 94901 (415) 456-6424. Computer Baseball has won Electronic Games Magazines 1 982 Award for Best Computer Sports Game. Designed for the Apple II and /// home computers. Com- puter Baseball lets you manage your own team or an historical major league team. Each manager has a variety of offensive plays to choose from, including the suice squeeze, bunting, stealing a base, or run- ning the bases conservatively or aggres- sively, to name just a few. Defensively, he may choose between a number of ways to play his infield and outfield, choose whether or not to pitch to power hitters, and he can even go to his bullpen for a relief pitcher. The relief pitcher won’t be worth much on the moound, though, if the manager has not given him sufficient time to warm up. The computer can act as manager of one team for solitaire play, or it can manage both teams at once. At your local dealer or contact: Strategic Simula- tions, Inc, 465 Fairchild Drive, Suite 108, Mountain View, CA 94043 (415) 964-1353. The Road to Gettysburg is a board- assisted computer game which effectively simulates the feel of command of an American Civil War army. The only means of communication a commander has with his troops is the frustrating dispatch sys- tem that generals had to contend with in 1863. Knowledge of troop positions comes only from reconaissance reports. Players must deal with misinterpretation of orders and even disobedience from corps commanders (played by the com- puter) whose abilities are based on histor- ical factors. Weather and fatigue affect the corps’ morale and may even result in “straggling.” Thus, a player must be care- ful about which march mode he chooses for his troops. Two scenarios are available: (1) the week long campaign allowing a great deal of movement strategy, and (2) the actual three-day Battle of Gettysburg where combat strategies prevail. There is also a solitaire scenario for players who wish to test their skills against the compu- ter— $59.95. Includes one diskette, rule book, player aid card, map board and 1 00 counters. Requires a 48K Apple II with Applesoft ROM or Apple II Plus or Apple ///. Strategic Simulations, Inc., 465 Fair- child Drive, Suite 1 08, Mountain View, CA 94043 (415) 964-1353. Pursuit of the Graf Spee is a simulation of the maneuvers and battles of the famous German pocket battleship in the South Atlantic in 1 939. The Graf Spee attempts to destroy as many merchant ships as possible without being sighted by Allied warships. Players experience the real feel of the chase, with each ship rated for speed and strength, with fuel restrictions and refueling capabilities, and a realistic system for visibility and sighting. The game includes a chase-oriented scenario and a combat oriented scenario simulat- ing the Battle of the River Plate. The 1 9 x 1 9 square grid map is displayed in Hi-Res graphics— $59.95. Requres a 48K Apple II with Applesoft ROM or Apple II Plus or Apple ///. Strategic Simulations, Inc., 465 Fairchild Drive, Suite 1 08, Mountain View, CA 94043 (415) 964-1353. Audex is a collection of sound effect utility programs that allows you to create sounds, edit them, and play them back from your own BASIC or Assembly language pro- grams. Use the keyboard and the graphics screen to “draw” sounds and edit them. These can be tones, squalks, thumps or anything you choose. You can also take sounds from the Apple cassette input and edit portions of this audio data for use as sound effects. Connect short sounds to- gether into more complex and extended audio interludes. With it you can create warbling sounds, musical tunes and even synthesize speech. Relocatable machine language routines allow you to easily re- produce sound effects, musical tones or speech segments from within your own Applesoft programs. At your local dealer or contact: Sirius Software, 1 0364 Rock- ingham Drive, Sacramento, CA 95827 (916) 366-1195. Killer Jellyfish? This game places you in combat with a killer jellyfish. You are rac- ing against a rival Soviet submarine to recover valuable nuclear warheads from the ocean floor, when your encounter this substantial obstacle. Shoot them and they break into smaller pieces and keep com- ing (undoubtedly nuclear mutants). For one or two playes in colorful high-resolu- tion graphics. Written in machine lan- guage. Requires and Apple II or II Plus with 48K and one disk drive. Playable with key- board, Apple paddles or joystick. At your local dealer or contact: Sirius Software, 10364 Rockingham Drive, Sacramento, CA 95827 (916) 366-1195. GRAPHICS The Graphics Magician is a software package that lets you create smooth ani- mation in your own programs. Add gra- phics to adventure games (or any other program that requires many pictures and objects to be easily and quickly accessi- ble), and create and use a new type of Apple shape table. The animation rou- tines give you the power to easily program smooth, machine language animation . . . even from BASIC. You can easily build object and path tables, then load them with our routines into your programs. These routines have the same animation techniques used in the best Apple arcade games. Includes a picture/object editor that allows you to create Hi-Res pictures and objects in over 1 00 colors, and save hundreds of them on a single disk to be quickly recalled and reconstructed. The shape editor allows you to create a new type of shape table that includes color and angles that are preserved on scaling and rotations. Shapes in these tables are more compact than those in normal Apple shape tables and the subroutines used to display them can be used in your own programs— $59.95. Penguin Software, 830 4th Avenue, Geneva, IL 60134 (312) 232-1984. The Apple Flasher, a powerful software package, is used to locate and display standard Apple II high resolution graphic files from DOS 3.3 disks. The program bypasses ordinary DOS routines in order to display files as pictures in about 1.5 seconds each. Display modes include: ( 1 ) single key selection of any file on disk, (2) continuous scan of all files on disk with new picture on screen every 1.5 seconds, (3) carousel projector simulation con- trolled by either of the game controllers (or the keyboard) to display screens from 1 or 2 drives with instant access to both next and previous “slide,” (4) and contin- uous display of all screens on 1 or 2 drives (up to 30 pictures) with individual control of display time for each picture as used in advertising displays, etc. Requires Apple II Plus or Apple II with ROM Applesoft, 1 or 2 disk drives and DOS 3.3. Game con- trollers for projector simulation optional— $34.50 plus $1 handling. Crow Ridge Associates, P.O. Box 90, New Scotland, NY 12127 (518) 765-3620. Superplotter is a professionally oriented package, highly versatile business, engi- neering, educational, math and graphics 1 02 Apple Orchard EXPAND YOUR APPLE AdvanGed Logie Systems 1195 E. Argues Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 ©1982 Advanced Logic Systems Apple and Apple II ® Apple Computer, Inc., CP/M ® Digital Research, Inc. CP/M FOR THE APPLE II The Z-CARD is your key to CP/M - the largest software base available with over 2,500 programs for your word processing, forecasting, data management, and accounting applications. And now the Z-CARD is available separately or as part of the total package. . .The New Synergizer. For the first time ever. . , a Z-80 interface for the Apple II, integrated with peripheral boards to provide a powerful CP/M operating system. The new ALS SYNERGIZER adds the field-proven SMARTERM (80 column video board) and ADD-RAM (16K RAM expansion) to complete the system. SYNERGIZER software ties it all together - easy for you to learn, easy for you to use. Don’t wait! Synergize your Apple and open the door to CP/M applications today. Available now through local Distributors and Dealers. For more information, call 800-538-8177. In California call 408-730-0306. TELEX: 4990514 application package featuring pie graphs, standard bar graphs, point and line graphs, display of any mathematical function, least squares polynomial curvefit genera- tion, keyboard image shape tables and user tutorial, automatic graphics disk storage and recall, data file editor, auto- matic disk storage and recall of editor data files, overlay modes, and a graphics screen text editor. Requires Applesoft and one DOS 3.3 disk drive— $69.95. Dickens Data Systems, 478 Engle Drive, Tucker, GA 30084 (800) 241-6753 or in GA call (404) 491-7905. LANGCIAGES/PROGRAMMING The Applesoft Compiler (TASC) converts a standard Applesoft BASIC program into super-fast machine code. By increasing program execution speed up to 20 times, Microsoft gives you a powerful tool for Applesoft BASIC programming. TASC will compile and run larger programs than any other Applesoft Compiler. As a disk- based system, it doesn’t require the simul- taneous presence of compiler and pro- gram in memory. The memory you save allows you to compile significantly bigger programs. Code expansion of up to 1 00% severely restricts other compilers. TASC’s special code compression schemes typic- ally limit code expansion to only 25%. Chaining with COAAMON allows compiled programs to share variables, so a main menu supports several programs in a sin- gle runtime environment. True Integer Arithmetic and Integer FOR . . . NEXT capabilities maximize the execution speed of compiled programs. TASC’s near total compability with Applesoft speeds compi- lation of existing programs with little or no modification. Price not given. At your local dealer or contact: Microsoft Consumer Products, 1 0700 Northup Way, Bellevue, WA 98004. The Tool takes care of the busywork of programming while you concentrate on creativity. Design attractive entry screens, validate, format, and store user input, with virtually no programming. The Tool does it for you. What used to take days— even weeks— now takes only minutes. The Tool provides an entry screen generator, a data- base manager, and a report formatter, each with very sophisticated capabilities such as screen editing, field formatting and entry validation, multiple disk files, Corvus or floppy support, record lengths as large as memory, fast read and write, report printing with pagination, subtotals, multiple column widths. No price given. High Technology Software Products, Inc., P.O. BoxS-14665, 2201 N.E. 63rd, Okla- homa City, OK 73113 (405) 478-2105. MAL/80 is an adaptation of SM\L, a structured macro Assembly language developed at Bell Labs in the 1970’s. Incorporates an easily-learned processor- independent symbolic notation system, closely resembling a high level language, that makes programs easy to read, debug and maintain; use of the three basic struc- tured programming constructs bEGlN . . . END, IF . . . ThEN . . . ELSE, and LOOP . . . REPEAT; an extremely flexible, independent macro and text pre-processor which allows the programmer to create his own programming environment; a compiler/linker which permits input source and its own relocatable object code to be mixed, creating modular pro- grams in a truly top-down fashion; an automatic translator which upgrades existing assembly language programs to SMAL/80; and more. 136-page user’s guide and an abridged pocket guide. On CP/M disks for $150, with manual. Chromod Associates, 1 030 Park Avenue, Hoboken, NJ 07030 (201) 653-7615. “Softdisk” Magazine is entirely contained on a floppy disk. The January issue fea- tured Lisa and animated Hi-Res photo- graphs, 21 subscriber-contributed pro- grams— seven games, four novelties, three Hello programs, two for teachers, three utilities, two for home and business. Subs ription cost is $10 for the first issue you order and $5 for each succeeding issue when the prior diskette is returned. Soft Disk 3811 St. Vincent, Shreveport, LA 71108. This is the first full-scale, commecial im- plementation of Modula-2, a simple but powerful new programming language de signed for the Apple 11 . Modula-2 is a high- level language designed by Pascal’s crea- tor, Niklaus Wirth of the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. Features pro- vided by Modula-2 include modules, pro- cesses, separate compilation, dynamic array parameters, and low-level machine access. Requires a 64K Apple 11 with the Apple Pascal operating system. The com- piler accepts the full Modula-2 language with minor implementation restrictions. Programs are compiled into p-code. Separate compilation is fully supported, with up to 50 separately compiled modules per program. No linking is required; mod- ule binding is performed at run time. Modula-2 consists of a p-code interpreter (which is upward compatible with the Apple Pascal interpreter), a fast, one-pass compiler, a library management utility, and a standard module library. Modules provided include I/O, strings, storage al- location, program loader, process sche- duler, and mathematical functions— $550. Volition Systems, P.O. Box 1236, Del Mar, CA 92014 (714) 457-3865. UTILITIES Disk Libraiy is an elegant, user-oriented system for creating and maintaining a thorough, cross-referenced index of all your disk-based programs and data files. It provides for automatic entry into your library file of the full catalog of any Apple diskette. Disks formatted under other operating systems (such as Pascal and CP/M) are easily entered from the key- board. Written entirely in machine code. Disk Library’s operation is both smooth and swift. Super fast machine language sorts. Works with all disks created under DOS 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3. Block actions include global editing and deleting. Instant searches by full or partial string. 1 00 page user’s guide provides introductory and advanced tutorials, a reference section and an applications section— $49.95 plus $2.50 shipping and handling. Modular Media, 11060 Paradela St, Miami, FL 33156 (305) 661-7310. Key Perfect is a program verification tool that reads a BASIC or machine language program which you have typed in from a magazine listing and produces a Check Code table that will assist in verifying cor- rect entry of your program. Although not all magazines publish these tables, “no- charge” copies will be made available to other magazines to encourage their use of this powerful verification method. Runs on any Apple 11 or Apple 11 Plus with DOS 3.2, 3.2.1, or 3.3, and works equally well on Applesoft programs Integer programs and any kind of binary file. The minimum sys- tem requirements are 24K of memory and one disk drive— $29.95. At your local dealer or contact Micro-SPARC Systems Division, Dept. P, Box 325, Lincoln, MA 01773 (617) 259-9710. Amper-Sort/Merge is a utility program that sorts from 1 to 5 standard Apple 11 DOS 3.3 text files in a single pass and merges them into a single file— simul- taneously sorting them into ascending or descending order in up to 5 different sort fields. It processes sequential or random access text files. If the entire input files will not fit into memory, it creates and merges sorted files into a single output file. The maximum combined size of the unsorted input files is about 125K. Written in machine language to achieve exceptional speed. Compatible with most commercial data base programs that create standard Apple 11 DOS 3.3 text files and can be used in place of the slow BASIC sort/merge programs that are used in these data base programs. Gtility/training disk and a 24- page manual— $49.95 plus $3 postage and handling. S&H Software, Box 5, Man- vel, ND 582556 (701) 696-2574. The Universal Boot Initializer will create a DOS 3.2.1 disk that boots directly on 13- or 16-sector systems and load a RAM Card (in 1.7 seconds) with the “missing” BASIC language and executes a BASIC, Binary or EXEC greeting program in Drive 1 or 2. Alternatively it can produce a DOS 1 04 Apple Orchard mmiim jtesecET It’s a fact. A single chart or graph can tell you instantly what it takes hours to interpret from printouts or other raw data. Now, with the Strobe 100 Graphics Plotter and Software package, you can create superb hardcopy graphics directly from your computer. And you can do it for a fraction of the cost of most other systems. The Strobe System transforms complex data into dynamic, colorful visuals with a few simple commands from your computer. Charts and transparen- cies that once took hours to pro- duce are plotted within minutes. Information can be presented as bar charts, pie charts, curves or isometrics in a variety of colors. And with a resolution of 500 points per inch, the Strobe 100 matches or surpasses the quahty of plotters costing thousands of dollars more. You can also save and modify your graphics through Strobe’s menu-driven programs. A broad selection of software — including a VisiCalc* -compatible program — is now available. When the Strobe Graphics System is interfaced to your computer, an 8-1/2 x 11 inch sheet of paper can speak any- one’s language — visually. Visit your local dealer and learn how to start charting your for- tunes today. Because a perspective on the present can also be your window on the future. iH] IstrobeJ V INCORPORATED ^ Strobe Inc. 897- 5A Independence Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 Telephone 415/969-5130 The Strobe Graphics System Seeing is believing *VisiCalc is a trademark of VisiCorp. MUSIC 3.3 disk that boots directly on 1 6-sector systems and functions similarly. In addi- tion to creating customized or universal booting disk, the GBl Utility program uses a Directory Title Formatting procedure which allows individualization of each disk with a unique catalog title. Includes a 32- page instruction manual in addition to a training disk on the reverse of the utility disk— $49.95 plus $3 postage & handling. S&H Software, Box 5, Manvel, ND 58256 (701) 696-2574. Apple-Cillin II is a comprehensive diag- nostic system developed to check the per- formance of your Apple 11 or Apple 11 Plus and its peripherals. Apple-Cillin 11 will verify over two dozen hardware operations, and either identify a specific problem or give your hardware a clean bill of health— quickly and easily. Works with 13 and 16 sector drives. It is written entirely in as- sembly language and is compatible with any Apple 11 or Apple 11 Plus with 48K of RAM and one or more disk drives. Fea- tures linked tests, 6502 CPU test, printed results, disk speed text. Boots from any slot-$49.95. XPS, Inc, 323 York Road, Carlisle, PA 17013 (800) 233-7512 or in PA call (71 7) 243-5373. The J.O.Y. Spooler is a software program that actually lets your Apple print and compute simultaneously. You’ll be able to run programs from your keyboard at the same time your printer is working. J.O.Y. is not a microbuffer. Its application is not limited to parallel printer. In fact, J.O.Y. works with any printer, card and slot. With DOS 3.3 and 48K of RAM, J.O.Y. can print text files or Applesoft program files. And it costs only a refreshing $39.95. XPS, Inc., 323 York Road, Carlisle, PA 17013 (800) 233-7512 in PA call (717) 243-5373. The Advanced X-tended Editor (AXE) is a professional programming aid which pro- vides the user with a “text-editor” style extension to the standard Applesoft oper- ating system. Operating alongside DOS, Monitor and Applesoft, AXE remains transparent to the user until called upon by one of over thirty commands. Features global search and replacement, including wildcards, selected changes, and line number references, full character insert, gobble and delete, enhanced cursor movement including search ahead and position, two packed list edit modes, recall editing modes, user programmable key- board macros, four list formats, including unique break list format for easier reading, understanding, and editing of code. Also provides auto line numbering and lower case character entry. The resident BASIC program may be run at anytime. Requires Apple 11 or 11 Plus, Applesoft ROM, DOS 3.3 and 48K RAM— $69.95. Versa Com- puting, Incl, 3541 Old Conejo Road, Suite 104, Newbury Park, CA 91320 (805) 498-1956. WORD PROCESSING The Apple Speller interfaces to the most popular Apple word processors, including Applewriter, Apple Pie, Executive Secre- tary, Letter Perfect, Magic Window, and Superscribe 11 just to name a few. In fact, the Apple Speller can analyze the output of any editor that writes a standard Apple binary or text file to a diskette. Supplied with a 30,000+ word dictionary on a single 5^4" diskette with additional space to eas- ily add another 8,000 words to suit your individual needs. The Apple Speller has built-in utilities to maintain the dictionary diskette. You can readiliy add words, delete words, and create an unlimited number of modified and/or new dictionaries for spe- cific applications. The Apple Speller is capable of proofreading a 1 0 page docu- ment in 1 minute if there are no spelling mistakes and 2 minutes, 15 seconds for an unlimited number of spelling errors. Requires an Apple 11 or 11 Plus with 48K, DOS 3.3 and 1 or 2 disk drives. Two drives are required to delete or add words to the dictionary— $75. Sensible Software, 6619 Perham Drive, West Bloomfield, Ml 48033 (313) 399-8877. LexiCom allows nearly universal transfer of word processing files. Files may be transferred back and forth between Super- text and Applewriter and any word pro- cessor that uses standard Apple text files (e.g.. Superscribe, Apple PIE). In addition, the text files created from Applewriter or Supertext files may be transmitted over the phone lines using any of the commun- ications packages available. In addition, BASIC programs can be edited with most word processors. And LexiCom offers the only possible tool for converting upper/ lower case Supertext files to upper case only files— $49.95. At your local dealer or contact Micro-SPARKC Systems Division, Dept P, Box 325, Lincoln, MA 01 773 (61 7) 259-9710. Draw Waves by Syntauri Corporation, is a sound designer system that responds to musicians’ demands for unique and excit- ing sound design tools. Used with the alphaSyntauri digital synthesizer system, synthesists are now free to design arbitrary sounds which go beyond the limits of conventional saw/ sine/ square/triangle waves technology. Draw Waves lets musi- cians create new sounds by drawing gra- phical representations of complex sounds (waveforms). A microcomputer, the Apple 11, performs the work of transforming the picture into sounds; the video screen pro- vides visual feedback during the drawing process. Sounds created are stored dig- itally, and may be recalled at any later time for playing and recording sessions with the alphaSyntauri keyboard instrument. Draw freehand, with lines or specify vectors using X,Y coordinates— $29.95. Syntauri Corporation, 3506 Waverly St., Palo Alto, CA 94306 (415) 494-1017. CATALOGS/BOOKS Programming the Apple is very easy to read and excellent for the beginning pro- grammer. Includes over 350 figures, illus- trations, tables and coding examples. Pro- vides over 6,000 lines of written code, 12 chapters and 8 appendices. The glossary contains over 1 00 definitions while a bib- liography provides over 60 references. 500 pages 8"xl0"— $24.95 suggested retail. Add $2 per volume for shipping and handling. Mesa Research, Inc., Rt. 1 Box 1456A, Waco, TX 76710 (800) 824-7888 or in CA (800) 852-7777. The International Software Directory lists tens of thousands of software packages and classifies them by machine, operating system, subject, vendor and price. Review information is also included. It is inde- pendent of both machine manufacturers and software houses and thus allows for comparison and one-stop shopping. It is backed by an excellent search service and regular updates are available from the publisher. Available in two volumes: The international Microcomputer Software Directory contains 7,000 programs and is available at the extremely competitive price of $34.95 plus $2.95 postage and handling; and The International Minicom- puter Software Directory which is available for $65. Imprint Software, 1 520 South Col- lege, fort Collins, CO 80524 (303) 482-5574. The Book is a complete critical analysis of most Apple software available. E^cperts review, rate and evaluate the programs on 1 1 separate points. It covers games, edu- cation, business and utilities as well as hardware. Over 500 programs are re- 1 06 Apple Orchard MORE 6 Ports & a Joy of a stick ... to expand your Apple’s* fun & convenience. FUNF FUN! Our exclusive EXPANDAPORT gives outside-of-the-Apple convenience! No more opening the cover. Just install EXPANDAPORT. . .and plug in joy sticks, printer, light pen etc. Comes com- plete with speaker for greater sound. Only S69.95 This JOY STICK’S a joy to use. Its heavier metal case doesn’t slip or slide like plastic. And the very sensitive switch’s guaranteed for 1,000,000 pushes. Better control and reliability, only $59.95. At computer stores, or: DATAMOST 9748 Cozycroft Ave. Chatsworth, Ca 91311 (213) 709-1202 VISA/MASTERCHARGE accepted. 3% shipping/ handling charge. (California residents add 6% tax) ‘Apple is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. ^SCMPPS DMA SYSTEMS, INC. NOW THE JOB COST SYSTEM SPECIFICALLY DESIGNED FOR THE APPLE II®... PERFECT TO THE CORE. At the core of your business is profitability. And profitability depends upon productivity. Meeting your business goals requires current and accurate information to support decision making. To do that, you need a system . . . the SDSI Job Cost System. The SDSI Job Cost System is a low-cost, adaptable reporting tool which organizes and monitors information critical to business decisions and daily operations. Business managers and professionals in any size business can use this comprehensive software, developed specifically for use with Apple II or Apple ll/Plus Computer. THE SDSI JOB COST SY USE, EASY TO UNDER IT IS USER-FRIENDLY, MENU-DRIVEN, AND WELL-WRITTEN BY PRO- FESSIONALS IN THE JOB COST FIELD. THE SDSI JOB COST SYSTEM OFFERS TO BUSINESS MANAGERS AND PROFESSIONALS THE TOOLS REQUIRED TO ACHIEVE THE GOALS AT THE CORE OF EVERY BUSINESS — PROFIT AND MAXI- MUM PRODUCTIVITY. For a free brochure with all the details, see your locaf Apple Dealer or call SCRIPPS DATA SYSTEMS INCORPORATED 9747 BUSINESSPARK AVE.«SUITE 202 G«SAN DIEGO, CA 92131 PHONE (714) 695-1540 “ APPLE is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. viewed— $19.95. The Book Company, 16720 Hawthorne Blvd., Lawndale, CA 90260 (213) 371-4012. How to Patent Computer Programs by S. Pal Asija, a patent attorney who success- fully secured a patent for a program that he designed. Gntil now, it has been gener- ally assumed that patent protection is not available for computer programs, which are generally referred to as “software” by the computer trade. Such programs had to be protected by trade secret and by copyright, both of which afford the pro- gram developer much less protection than is available with a patent— $50. Research Press, Inc., 4500 W. 72nd Ter- race, Prairie Village, KS 66208 (913) 362-9667. How to Operate the Apple II Plus is a new mini-course that puts an end to trial and error learning for the first-time computer user. No more fumbling through four dif- ferent manuals, wondering where to begin and what is important. In just three audio cassette lessons of an hour or two each, the learner is carefully guided through the essentials of computer operations: howto run programs, enter date, save and organ- ize files, make backup copies, modify programs and much more. No technical knowledge is assumed, and the emphasis is on basic operations, rather than on pro- gramming. Designed for junior high and up, the training package can be used again and again with students, family, col- leagues, clients, staff and customers. Apple’s own System Master 3.3 diskette serves as the source of all demonstration programs and utilities used in the mini- course. 28-page operator’s guide is fully indexed for quick reference after the course is over. Any standard cassette player can be used, and no computer hookup is required— $49.95. FlipTrack Training Tapes, P.O. Box 711, Glen Ellyn, IL 60137 (312) 790-1117. The Computer Tutor: Learning Activities for Homes and Schools by Dr. Gary W. Orwig, is designed for parents to introduce their children to computing. The Compu- ter Tutor enables everyone to join in the fun of computer play. CJsing easy-to-follow print-outs with numerous illustrations, parents can experiment with ways to mod- ify their own family programs, while kids can sharpen their math and verbal skills, learn the metric system, and much more. The twenty-five programs use linear, branching, and simulation techniques including: Math Tutor, Test Tutor, Metrics, Memory Test, Trivia Quiz, Scrambled Words and 1 9 more. All written in stand- ard 1 6K of floating point BASIC, are ready- to-run on the Apple 11, TRS-80, Commo- dore Pet, and other microcomputers using this language— $10.95 paperback. Little, Brown, Customer Service Department, 200 West Street, Waltham, MlA 02154 (617) 890-0250. MISCELLANEOUS I-Protect has an answer to relieve the increasing health concerns related to the extended use of CRT s. The CRT Radiation Shield is a slightly tinted, transparent, 6 mm sheet of leaded hi-impact acrylic. The lead equivalency is .3 mm., which pro- vides more than 97% shielding of any radiation emitted through the monitor or television screen. In addition, 1-Protect enhances the visual acuity of the display image with a slight magnification, thus reducing eye strain. Easy to cut, drill or shape to fit any terminal or television set, and is easily cleaned with a plastic cleaner. Shipped with Velcro fasteners for easy attachment— 8x10" $49.50, 12x12" $59.50. 1-Protect, 301 N. Prairie Avenue, Suite 510, Inglewood, CA 90301 (213) 673-1587. This special Case for the Apple II compu- ter also holds two disk drives (while con- nected). Features a foam padded interior, non-metallic hold down strap, removable locking cover, rubber no-slip bumpers on both the cover and the base, and sturdy abs plastic end-cap consruction. Includes UPS delivery— $64. Fiberbilt, 601 West 26th Street, New York, NY 10001 (212) 675-5820. A new High yield Multistrike Ribbon Car- tridge has a revolutionary new gear ratio system and a new five-overstrike formula multistrike ribbon. Aspen has added ap- proximately 100,000 additional charac- ters to their existing NEC multistrike rib- bon cartridge. The user realizes approxi- mately 40% more character life for as little as 1 0% more in cost. Tests indicate a total average yield of 325,000 characters per NEC High Yield Multistrike ribbon car- tridge. Available in colors: blue, red, green, and brown as well as black. Aspen Rib- bons, Inc., 1 700 N. 55th Street, Boulder, CO 80301-2796 (303) 444-4054 or (800) 525-0646. Static Electricity occurs naturally by the movement of people and materials. In most everyday environments, it is merely a commonly recognized nuisance. But for the computer user^ it can be more than a nuisance; it can be a real problem. Clear 1 antistatic treatment spray is proven effec- tive in eliminating static electricity for many weeks with one application. Much more cost effective than bars or mats. Treat the entire EDP environment, not just a small area. Non-flammable, non-toxic, safe for use on any surface that will not waterspot. Simple to use: just spray or wipe. For floors and carpets, just spray as evenly as possible. Allow to dry. 16 Oz bottle with spray pump. Midik Packaging Corp., 2601 Industrial Parkway, Elkhart, IN 46516(219) 293-6516. Design line micro work stations are avail- able in a range to accommodate all micro- computers. Delivered heavily packaged, in self-assembly form needing only a Phil- lips screwdriver and a few minutes of your time to assemble. Manufactured from 1 " all wood particle board surfaced with hard- wearing melamine veneer, in either Oak or Walnut. Prices available upon request. Atlantic Cabinet, P.O. Box 100, Williams- port, MD 21795 (301) 223-8900. The new Basic Comfort II computer desk was designed by a dedicated computer hobbyist. The top accepts the usual peri- pherals— disk drives, small printer and CRT —and leaves about two square feet (15x25") in front of you for reading and writing. The keyboard shelf is 25" above the floor and that places your “left arrow” where your fingers like to be. Proper venti- lation is built in, and your tangled web of ribbon and wires has its own “rat’s nest” area. There’s also an additional knee height shelf for storage. Finished in woodgrain (walnut or light oak) high pres- sure mica laminate— $169 fully assem- bled. Picture House, 1 66 Boynton Blvd., Daytona Beach, FL 32018 (904) 253-7785. 1 08 Apple Orchard • • RECEtVABLES (Profit Analysis) nsALEsl IanalysisI [mwungj-' LANG AGC ran la or, PATIEN^’ records [ LETTER WRITER [(AeroiipB^Pjg^ ftmore your power is forflppp start es, Applesoft in mom, 48 K You C©)RTECHS W nriRPHRATinM C.O.R.P/“ writes software. Perhaps you should read that again. Not “simplifies prog^ramming” or “makes debugging easier.” C.O.R.P. writes APPLESOFT BASIC— complete, stand-alone programs which run, bug-free, the very first time, need not type a single character of basic code— ever. C.O.R.P. does that. Your answers to questions in simple English “design” the program. In minutes, C.O.R.P. writes all the program code, scrolls it to the screen and automatically saves it to your disk Your program because you designed it. Once written, your program runs without C.O.R.P. You may list your program, examine it, modify it further or even sell it— as you wish, royalty free. No mere“data base manager, ”at any price, does thai The applications are almost limitless. Your C.O.R. P. Program Generation^ System will: • handle nearly as much data as your disks will hold (1 1 3K per disk!) # find any record in less than a second # let you design your own screens as quickly as you can move the curser around ® sort, re-sort and update your data for you • examine and re-examine your data and then print reports, checks, invoices, statements, mailing labels, lists, memos- you name it. C.O.R.P. allows you to use your Apple II plus as the working tool it really is. Isn’t that why you bought one? Computers should write code. You should design programs. Now you have the power. C.O.R.P. I features: 9 a data entry program generator • a full sort sub- system 9 an update sub-system 9 a full diagnostic package 9 a print program generator $235 C.O.R.P. II features: • all of C.O.R.P. I plus: 9 a system menu generator • a complete forms letter generator 9 a full files editor • a system demo package 9 an Applesoft tutorial $425 CORPORATION 900 North Franklin, Chicago, Illinois 60610 See your dealer today or call toll-free 1-800-621-4109 (In Illinois, call (312) 943-0700) Dealer inquiries welcome. C.O.D. welcome. C.O.R.P. is a trademark of Maromaty Scotto Software Corporation. CIRCLE 129 ON READER SERVICE CARD^ ADVERTISERS’ INDEX 107 Advanced Business Technology, Inc. 103 Advanced Logic Systems, Inc. 74 Alpha Logic Business Systems, inc. 74 Anchor Pad Intemationai 57 Applied Software Technology, Inc. 51 Ai^cial intelligence 65 Artsci-Softape 72 Anthro Digital, Inc. 92 Axalon, Inc. 89 Beagle Bros. 6 Bite-Soft 13 Business & Professional Software 94 Broderbund Software 86 Cases, Inc. 23 Chess et ai. 105 Color Tech 24 Computer-Advanced Ideas 21 Computer Data Services 35 Computer Exchange 69 Coprocessors, Inc. ibc Corona Data Systems, Inc. 109 Cortechs 10, 107 Datamost 51 East Coast Software 39 Exec Systems 77 Great Lakes Digital 70 Hardcore-Softkey 93 Hayden F\iblishing Co. 33 Hayes AAicrocomputer Products 27, 101 High Technology 7 Hewlett-Packard 51 Individualized Operand 14 Intra Computing 70 Interactive Structures 95 Information Gniimitred Software ifc Leading Edge Products 87 Link Systems 68 Macrotronics 49 Micro- Ware Distributors 43, 83 M & R Enterprises 2 Micro-sci 79 Microsoft Consumer Products 31 National Computer Survey 9 Nibble 71 Omega Microware (uncensored), Inc. 97 Orange Micro, Inc. 74 Paymar/Enhanceware 99 Prometheus Products, Inc. 73 Quad Syetems, Inc. 51 Rainbow Computing 68 RH Electronics 107 Scripps Data Systems, inc. 14 Silicon Valley Systems, Inc. 68 Smartware 98 Smith Micro Software be Software PTiblishing Corporation 59 SoftTech Micro Systems 91 Sorrento Valley Associates 47 Southwestern Data Systems 15 Strategic Simulations, inc. 5,111 ^M,Inc. 25 TO products 64 Tovatech 54 Van Nostrand Reinhold, Inc. 63 Vista Computer, Inc. 68 Vynet Corporation 1 XEBEC Apple Orchard SUBSCRIPflONS International Apple Core, 910 A George St., Santa Clara, CA 95050 inTERMATIOfiAL APPLE CORE ' The International Apple Core makes individual subscriptions to "The Apple Orchard" available: NAME STREET CITY STATE ZIP COUNTRY Annual Subscription Rate: $15.00 for 6 Issues First Class Postage: $7.50 additional (required for Canada, Mexico, APO, and FPO addresses) Overseas and other foreign air mail postage (required): $15.00 additional TOTAL REMITTANCE ENCLOSED: $(USA) Make check or money order payable to "International Apple Core" and return with this form to: International Apple Core 910 A George St. Santa Clara, CA 95050 TOTAL REMITTANCE ENCLOSED: $ (USA) - — 110 Apple Orchard TheNewAIO-n. Another winner from the folks w^o invented multi-function Apple interfeces. SSM is still ahead of the game when it comes to the Apple ITF^ Choose from any of four operating modes. And you’re assured of flexi- bility at a price that spells big savings. Check out why SSM spells success: THE NEW SERIAL/PARAL- LEL AIO-II: this new full-function serial and parallel interface for the Apple II gives you true simulta- neous operation. It’s totally trans- parent to the user; there’s no soft- ware to write, and no need to modify your computer. Advanced design techniques overcome the need for “phantom” slot assign- ments and related software com- patibility concerns. The AIO-II™ appears to applica- tion software as either an Apple communications card or parallel printer card. You don’t have to worry about special setup require- ments. Hassle-free, user-oriented AIO-II design permits easy selec- tion of four functions: serial modem, serial terminal/printer, parallel Cen- tronics printer, and general-purpose parallel. On-board firmware provides all necessary drivers in a single package. Optional cables support Centronics-compatible printers and others. You can remain in the game, too, with either our Serial ASIO™ or Parallel APIO™ boards— if low cost, single function’s your style. Our ASIO connects your Apple to a modem with an optional terminal routine, or to a terminal/printer without modifying the cable. It gives you standard RS-232 interface with complete handshaking. And selectable rates from 110 to 9600 baud. The APIO parallel interface supports general-purpose I/O and all popular Centronics-compatible printers, including Epson, IDS, Okidata, Anadex, and others. All our game-winning boards are designed to make your Apple more productive. Optional software sup- port is available for Apple Pascal and Microsoft CFIM™ Whether you’re an OEM or end user, we can deliver any quantity you specify. Fast. For the latest word on any of these interface boards, or our newly enhanced A488™ (the industry’s highest per- formance IEEE-488 controller), see your local dealer, or call us today. SSM Microcomputer Products, Inc., 2190 Paragon Drive, San Jose, CA 95131, (408) 946-7400, Telex: 171171, TWX: 910-338-2077. Apple and Apple II are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. CP/M is a trademark of Digital Research. AIO-II, ASIO, APIO and A488 are trademarks of SSM Microcomputer Products, Inc. Starfire. The Winchester disk made just for Appie II. You can transform your Apple II into a powerful business computer. How? By using the Starfire, a Winchester-style disk reasonably priced at $2995.00. Starfire provides the qualities you’d want of a computer; smooth responsive interaction, high speed, real safety of stored data and large data files. Storing all the information on a rigid disk, sealed in a contamination-propf container allows for large amount of storage, fast operation and remarkable reliability. With a Winchester disk, all your programs and data are available instantly at the touch of a key, without fumbling and searching through floppy diskettes. Implemented with the right software, a Winchester disk will giveyou everythirig you’d expect and should get from a business computer. Why wait? Calf us at Corona now for more information. We’ll tell you where to find the dealer nearest you . corona We don’t make a Winchester for just anybody. We’re Corona Data Systems and we’ve made Starfire, a Winchester disk just for Appie i|*. Whaf s in it for you? 5 miiiion characters of storage. And that’s not ail. You’li get Corona’s Disk Partitioning which allows for up to 16 sep- arate operating systems such as Appie DOS, CP/M*and Pascai, ali sharing the same disk. Of course, you’li still be able to use DB Master^and protected software like VisiCaic*. Doubie Size Voiumes. And with our Doubie Size Voiumes, your Appie DOS is trans- formed into something special that offers larger data files. And you’ll never have to type commands like “cataiog” r«> corona doto /yrtem/ 21541 Nordhoff Street, Units Chatsworth, California, 91311 (213)998-0505 Starfire - the Winchester disk made just for Appie II. and “run” or type program names again. You can even forget what voiumes the pro- grams are in. Reiiabiiity. But you’il never forget Star- fire’s reiiabiiity. That’s be-^ cause we built DataGuard, the feature that will correct errors, not just report them. And we also provide a one-year warranty that you can count on. That’s reiiabiiity. So why take chances? With Starfire, you’re not just adding a hard diskto an Appie ii, but transforming an Appie il into a fuil hard disk business computer. ‘Starfire and DataGuard are trademarks of Corona Data Systems * Apple II is a registered trademark of Apple Computers, Inc. •VisiCalc is a trademark of Personal Software Inc. • r P/M i.<? n rpni.stprert trndemark of Diaital Research. Inc. * DB Master is a trademark of Stoneware Many people think just because a computer does difficult things, it must be difficult to operate. Not so. At least not with PFS ™ and PFS: REPORT. PFS and PFS: REPORT let you concentrate cm doing your work, not on working your computer. There’s no complicated programming or computer language to learn. Using the PFS Series is so straightforward, you can learn it in as little as 20 minutes, and that’s some- thing both experts and beginners can appreciate. 40-column format to accommodate larger printouts, and tell you how much rcmm you have left on your disk. Get more out of what you put in. PFS: REPORT sorts, calculates, totals, formats and prints presentation-quality reports with up to 9 col- umns, in alpha or numeric order, with automatic entering and justification. With your information in this format, you can analyze it quickly to help spot trends, plan and make decisions. Design your own management system, simjdy. PFS lets you arrange your information in "forms” you design yourself. Once you’ve created your form— with spaces for all the necessary data— you simply fill in the blanks. If you don’t like the original form, PFS lets you changejust the form, without having to totally re-enter the information on it. To use your forms, just call up the information you want in a variety of ways such as "less than” "more thanj’ "equal tor "between” or "not.” You can even find specific charac- ters, words, names or num- bers. And PFS can also sort labels, change its A whole family of software for Apple® II and III. PFS consistently ranks among the 5 top-selling business software packages for Apples. Because you can use it for almost anj4hing- from chemical analyses to keeping track of your wine collection, from bal- ancing your checkbook to computing your payroll. And there are more programs on the way. For a free, hands-on demonstration of PFS and PFS: REPORT, stop by your local computer store. If ^ ^ ^ they don’t have it yet, tell them to Hardworkmg^ 1^1 Landings Dr., Moun- tain View, CA 94043. You’ll be amazed at how much you can bite off. an ^7 au( software for Apples that isn’t a lot of work. ® Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. “ PFS is a trademark of Software Publishing Corporation. ■'--reR,fehi,^Corp«rafc„