Pedder bP Reta ci Ee hab ia ie ache et ate eAce te teeth tt. Ata TMD ohne Sin ALILSNI Sis STITiy> \ IN és VASA Y ——— ARIES kSARIES SMITHSONIAN SON, 3; MA ALILSNI -ARIES SMITHSONIAN NOILNLILSN!I NVINOSHL INSTITUTION . SMITHSONIAN LIBRARIES [7 S3l1yvuydl INOSHLINS gil LIBRAR = oc [> ANKS = < = AWS = fod x ee AWN = 4 N NS Cc 3 = o xX 2 = al ras x. ay NVINOSHLINS (Sal ava gt LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN _INSTITUT > i = O = oO ree SS — w = wo Wee 5 a 5 Aes SS Ge > = i> NE = K 2 Ww 2h m n° m x = = aa (op) J w MITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S31YVd ANA AA AER AM A BAS CA il INSTITUT 45 : S3!1uVvy 9 Division of Mollusks Sectional Library INSTITU: 3 NY: AN. INSTITUTION NOILNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3I1YVy = 0 MN = o ‘2. 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NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYalI NVINOSHLINS S31iuvVYUdIT _LIBRARIE LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTI al w = wets frat . << Ss Peas NS < \ 4 z ‘ — = ra D KK 5 WY 2 ae 2 RC 2 AN E Zz E \. = ” a (7p) % (9) INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S314 =) eee ee tel ew = as eB = a =f lf 3 : : < a “Wi = ac = oc ai 2 ny 2 Nek} LNLILSNI NVINOSHLINS S3IYVYdI1 LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTI ca = ai = _ i i = oD. = w a) IN = 20 5 ) > \OSROE > 2 i > cogeMEe SS = Bs) eS a) m yy Z m e m w = wn z wn RARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOILALILSNI NVINOSHLINS S314 > NOSHLIWS Qo NOSHLIWS THSONIAN NOSHLINS ee (i i y ae ee at AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. ———$__— VeOlaO IMERy de ————= EDITED BY GEORGE W. TRYON, Jr, Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; Corresponding Member of the Boston Society of Natural History, the New York Lyceum of Natural History, the California Academy of Natural Sciences, &c. CONTAINING ARTICLES BY T. A. CONRAD. JOHN G. ANTHONY. Prof. S. S. HALDEMAN. THOMAS BLAND. WILLIAM G. BINNEY. Dr. WM. STIMPSON. CHARLES M. WHEATLEY. WILLIAM M. GABB. A. D. BROWN. WESLEY NEWCOMB, M.D. R. P. WHITFIELD, WM. HARPER PEASE, A. O. CURRIER. And the EDITOR, ILLUSTRATED BY THIRTY-ONE COLORED AND PLAIN PLATES. SAA -2 BO PHILADELPHIA: Grorcre W. Tryon, Jr., 625 MARKET STREET. NEW YORK: BOSTON: BalLLierb Broruers, No, 520 Broadway. Lirrte, Brown & Co. LONDON: TRUBNER & Co., No. 60 Paternoster Row. PARIS: J. B. BAILLIERE ET Fis, Rue Hautefeuille. BERLIN: Asner & Co., No. 20 Unter d. Linden, 1865. MADRID: C. BAILLY-BAILIIERE, Calle del Principe. Part 1 published February 25th, 1865. oe ‘ April 15th, ‘ ang " July Ist, # ‘4 “ October Ist, “ vo = 14. CONTENTS. Part 1—February 25th, 1865. . Catalogue of the Eocene and Oligocene Testacea of the United States, by ,'T., A. @onrad., j.cs £0.) daeraweayesBgcec «sense . Description of two New sapepies of Goniobasis, Py John G. Anthony .. -. Description of ae ‘New ‘Species of Goniobasis, we Ss. PLA OSTI Tyee sscsiro See als na dey ie oehdes losis ad sions wanes in cvaleeantwccreCacer aacer reece tae . Description of New Species of Birepammanidiat by George WV is WAVIQUAA, ul plac chitetae: stm ine heanestee chasis oso. bg aenseret aenceracn a6 Descriptions of New Species of Pholadide, by George W. PUT OMN, SUM arn sure seman na vas feuhanssinadan yameih sane n Sage sata ctls a caopten abana to osse . Observations on the Genus Io, by George W. Tryon, Jr...... . Note on the Buccal Plate (Jaw,) in Certain Genera of the Family Cyclostomacea, by Thomas Bland............... . Note on the Jaws of Helices, by W. G. Binney.......... ......... -. Description of the aoe eee Morch, by Wis Gi Binney .. ; De emnons ‘of New, (apse of North Tauoaree aan and Fresh Water Shells, by W. G. Binney................00 . Diagnoses of Newly Discovered Genera of Gasteropods, belonging to the Sub- -Family Hydrobiinee, of the Family Rissoide, by Dr. Wm. Stimpson................68 cece . On Certain Genera and Families of Raisiskin: Meats Gas- teropods, by Dr. Wm. Stimpson .. . Revision of M. Pettit’s Catalogue of the Genus Mono- condyloea, by Charles M. Wheatley... Catalogue of Mollusca, Collected by Prof. UD, 's. Shel- don, at Davenport, Iowa, by George W. Tryon, Jr.. EDITOR’S TABLE. Reviews and Summary of Conchological Publications....... American.—On the Terrestrial Pulmonifera of Maine, by Ed. 8S. Morse.— Meek’sCheck List of North American Miocene Fossils.—Mr. Lea’s Papers in Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- delphia, for 1864.—On the Structural Characters of the so-called Me- lanians of North America, by Wm. Stimpson.—Descriptions of nine New Species of Helix inhabiting California, by W. Newcomb.—Come plete Writings of Rafinesque. 71 Foreign.—On the Classification of the Gasteropodous Mollusca, by M. Gouriet.—On the Present State of Malacological Nomenclature, by P. P. Carpenter.—Species of Mollusca obtained in Corunna Bay, by R. McAndrew and H. Woodward.—Sowerby’s Thesaurus Conchylio- rum.—Conchologica Iconica, &c. SClENMHC Entel gene we cxcsctes eons -s\andenacss desbedctns dacncetevisensnaedeseece Note on the Genus Simnia, Risso.—British Association.—Judge Coop- er’s Collection of Shells, &e. ILLUSTRATIONS. Portrait of Thomas Say, with Autograph. Four Colored and Five Plain Plates. is 1. 94 iv. CONTENTS. Part 2—April 15th, 1865. 1. Observations on the Family Strepomatide, by Geo. W. Tryon, Jr. L, Classification: 22s el ican eee tea ect cos eatcce cebese me aeeneas 97 2. Geographical Distribution............ 0... oss reececeee . Description of two New Species of Helix, by A. D. Brown. 136 . Descriptions of New Eocene Shells from Enterprise, Mis- SISSIPpl, Dy: VA. WONTad t'kes.ccevereencestese cde duc lnaatelceaneetes 137 4. Description of New Eocene Shells of the United States, Dy TV? APMC ONMAGA GT eediec, ccdencee "ese seclastnstace sos spe bucueedae ace cetee 142 5. Catalogue of the Older Eocene Shells of Oregon, by T. A. CONTAC (M2 FA Bi ve tee dae toetec tees Be ae eS 150 6. Descriptions of New Species of North American Union- idee, by John G. Anthony... ...... . 155 . Catalogue of the Species of Physa, inhabiting the United CO vw 7 States, by George W2: Tryon, Jr’. iaieee ss. Sesccccen cescre cccsecars 165 EDITOR’S TABLE. Reviews and Summary of Conchological Publications ......... 174 American.—Description of Six New Species of Western Asiatic Unionide, by Isaac Lea.—Newcomb’s Descriptions of New Land Shells-—De- scriptions of New California Marine Shells, by W. M. Gabb. Foreign.— Reeve’s Conchologica Iconica.— Mr. P. P. Carpenter’s New West Coast Species in Annals and Magazine of Natural History.—De- scriptions of New Terrestrial Shells, by W. H. Benson. - Bourguignat’s Mollusques Noveaux, Litigieux ou peu Connus.—Malaco logie de l’Algerie.—Conchology of the Island of Bourbon, by Des- hayes-—Journal de Conchyliologie, etc. SCICMHAC LNECLISON COs one suse. scsasnccrnaves sisccprneb ess tetra-tonsrinn syneceTgscaee 188 Change of Name of Helix Binneyana Morse, to H. Morsei.—Depar- ture of Mr. J. G. Anthony to Brazil.—Correction of Date of Publi- cation of No. 1 of this Journal.—Correction of Error in Date of Pub- lication of Mr. Lea’s ‘‘ Contributions to Geology,’’ in Mr. Conrad’s Cat. of Eocene Mollusca, published in No. 1 of this Journal. Corrections and Additions to Mr. Conrad’s Kocene Catalogue. ILLUSTRATIONS. Portrait of Isaac Lea, with Autograph. Three Colored and Five Plain Plates. CONTENTS. Vie Part 3—July Ist, 1865. 1. Memoir of Charles B. Adams, late Professor of Zoghosy in Amherst College, Massachusetts, by Thomas Bland ... 191 2. Descriptions of two New Species of Monocondyleea, iy John Ga Aim thongs ccucsscecosssceesecnssser htsae s Ae Oe oon 205 3. Description of a New Exotic Melania, by John G. An- FN OMY aasmcetereatesaslasecebudesesscsisncecsjec aus aces sorcrontecet ie seteeaccee eons 207 4. Descriptions of three New Species of Mexican Land Shoevlcpy Williaa MS Gappicevcsccenstccenst ests ce resremecetes econ earn 208 5. Descriptions of New Eocene Shells, and eter oners with Figures to published Species, by T. A. Conrad.. . 210 6. Descriptions of five New Species of Older. feos Shells from Shark River, Monmouth Co., N. J. » by Ate (AWC ONUTA Gy soareatuesisaduees ve aetia concent aretter ees » O19 q, Sieh eather of New Species of Molania, by kent ‘W. TT TWO ATs casaterae . 216 8. Descriptions of ea fe ocuion of fC Sy Pomanensi, Bomatwey THs, Sabbie, Hysrope and Epoe by George W. Tryon, Jr. . 219 9. Descriptions of New nenes of North Feary see neoidee, by George Wes ryone Ma FC iron oose contol cewoen se lece 223 10. Remarks on the Genera Monocondylea, D’Orb., and Pseudodon, Gould, with a Synopsis of the latter, by T. PAE © OMTA CIN. {53 ngap tact ic csoteteosenectonnase satamnes Seeeewstoeete ore 232 11. Description of a New Genus of Unionidae, by T. A. Conrad. 234 12. Description of a New Species of Helix, by Wesley New- EWTN PONE S OO) Pre re EINES tae od citrate ho ivs srs ceewmcnan Bed ceo veasecreecdiie: enceks 235 13. Review of the oui cheees of ie cag and pencnnera by, George W. Tryon, Jr .. wd . 236 14. Catalogue of the Sab cieg of mie inhabiting the Uni- ted States, by George W. Tryon, Jr.. . 247 15. Descriptions of New Species of Eocene BGuaitee i R. ?. AWATEA GLO S.<:cadcicesses cosesares svateetese coset torcctont res ieee ee 259 EDITOR’S TABLE. Reviews and Summary of Conchological Publications......... 269 American.—Bibliography of North American Conchology, by Win! G. Binney.—Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences.—Remarks on Beatrice, by A. ‘Hyatt, Jr.—Synonymy of Strepomatide, by Geo. W. Tryon, Jr. Foreign.—Conchologica Iconica, by Lovell Reeve. Malacologie de V Algerie, by Sage Bourguignat.—Journal de Conchyli- ologie. Land and Fresh Water Shells of Denmark, by O. A. L. Morch, etc. Sciorntttite: Intelligome ere. 2 cee vciccs'3sdeinnsusaeslecstce dosed e sgctewececeeccscecess 285 Locality of Navea Newcombii.—On the Distinctive Characters of Buli- mus marginatus, and B. fallax.—New Works in Preparation.—New Locality of Limnea ampla, Mighels. ILLUSTRATIONS. Portrait of Prof. Charles B. Adams, with Autograph. Three Colored and Five Plain Plates. Vi. CONTENTS. Part 4—October Ist, 1865, 1. Descriptions of New Species of Phaneropneumona, in- habiting Polynesia, by William Harper Pease ......... ss60. « 287 : Patelerne of the Mollusca of Grand pe Jieniben, by AO! CaImer ssn. - 292 3. Description of a New Spocies of Mereenaria, by George W. Tryon, Jr.. nabades . 297 4. On the ani of Tes asa ieee. Name by Prof. B.S: Haldentansctssccc steer ces seaeecsevecsbecess ceniesess tots sade dacea ania 298 5. Monograph of the cary Rizepariatiee, by George W. Tryon, Jr.. . 299 6. Catalogue of Helices Pyteragseas me West Gcnat of Aeon: ica, North of Cape St. Lucas, and West of the Rocky Mountains; together with Remarks upon some of the Animals, and their Special Distribution, by W. ri) ANG WCOLED, | MESAD oS euteonctest loteaclavsls cnawnis dv oeueniasvee. relate seat hacbebaan gs 342 7. Description of New Species of Shells, by John G. An- LBRO 7 Bost south coaoadco oabaLhiONanodoKd CoacconvOdOuun) coscad pSccos aacceo src 351 8. Description of a New Species of Pseudodon, by T. A. Con- TAG ceepsas trros'surevs scenes cavecscvesccces sensincserencaccatcrecetabteraddess ss cetaccs 352 EDITOR’S TABLE. Reviews and Summary of Conchological Publications......... 354 American.—Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences.—Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History, New York.—Proceedings of the Essex Institute, Salem, Mass.—Paleontology of California, with Criti- cism by T. A. Conrad. Foreign.—Annals and Magazine of Natural History.—Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London. Journal de Conchyliologie. Monatsberichte der KonigIn. Preuss. Akad. der Wissenchaften zu Berlin. —Fossilen Mollusken des Tertieer-Beckens von Wien.—Fauna der Land und Susswasser Mollusken Siebenburgens, by E. A. Bielz.--Ver- handlungen der K.-K. Zool.-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. Scientific Intelligence .. ace sccunesastiees sen anosteceter els Obituary.--Dr. 8. P. Wiosawata, fen Guck NeGecaseeceece oscassjnstes 379 ILLUSTRATIONS. Portrait of Dr. Augustus A. Gould, with Autograph. Two Colored Plates. LIST OF AUTHORS, And their Contributions. Anthony, John G. Descriptions of two New Species of Goniobasis... .......0.42. Descriptions of New Species of North American Unionide... Descriptions of two New Species of Monocondyleea........... Description of a New Exotic Melania. .............2. .scces ces veces eee Descriptions of New Species Of SHEMS....s<rcs secaccccccesect stesscare Binney, William G. Note.on the, Jaysjo& Meliges: aces. aod ropes mntee sewas toca epiaoreessianidses Description of the Genus Ariolimax, Morch. ...... ...2.06 sesesoece Descriptions of New Species of North American Land and A resn, Water (OMNIS ao05 denaisn sae sanacwsis an ener When navman <anacus Bland, Thomas. Note on the Buccal Plate, in certain Genera of Cyclostomacea Memoir of Professor Charles B. Adams....... Brown, A. D. Description of two New Species of Helix Conrad, T. A. Catalogue of the Eocene and Mbeogens Testacea of the United States .. +E Description of ‘New ‘Botan ‘Shells, ftom Entérpke “Miss Raaee Description of New American Beene els 20e.dwusces werateneates Catalogue of the Older Eocene Shells of Oregon. ...... 6.26. ..008 Descriptions’of New Eocene Shells..........cccc:s.cccccos senecenss ov Descriptions of five New Species of Older mobene Shells from Shark River, Monmouth County, New Jersey... ...... 222.0000 Remarks on the Genera 1 Seas eS and Pseudodon, with a Synopsis of the latter. of Description of a New Genus of Unions dea! Description of a New Species of Beenadoaon mislaneaiecscetorssasaseass Criticism on Mr. Gabb’s Report on Cretaceous Mollusca of California)... ccomemsssters osslestcesscouceon eesti dont ete ne Corrections and Additions to Eocene Catalogue... Currier, A. 0. Catalogue of Mollusca of Grand Rapids, Michigan.............0. COOP omer eeeee seeoeress soeene Vil. 36 155 205 207 801 292 vill. LIST OF AUTHORS, ETC. Gabb, William M. Descriptions of three New Mexican Land Shells............. Soocce Haldeman, Prof. S. S. Descriptions of Two New Species of Goniobasis. ...... ...seeeee oe On the Propriety of Leptoxis as a Generic Name............ 0000 Newcomb, W., M. D. Description of a New Species of Helix... ....... ...000 04 Catalogue of Helices inhabiting the West. Coast “of i patente with Remarks on their Geographical Distribution, etc...... Pease, William Harper. Descriptions of New Polynesian Phaneropneumona.............. Stimpson, William, M. D. Descriptions of New Genera of Hydrobiina.........- .sscseee eeceee On Certain Genera and Families of Zoophagous Gasteropods.. Tryon, George W., Jr. Description of New Species of Strepomatidee... .......00 cesses cee ees Descriptions of New Species of Pholadidee ...... ....scses eevee. cones Observations on the Genus Io... eentene Catalogue of Mollusca of Daedvos, lowe. Observations on the Family Strepomatide... saetee Catalogue of the Species of Physa, of the United States. tested. Descriptions of New Species of Melania...........+sscccosee seeeceees Descriptions of New Species of Amnicola, Pomatiopsis, Soma- togyrus, Gabbia, Hydrobia and Riss0a.....ssss cesceeee soses eeee Descriptions of New North American Limneide......... ...0.00 Review of the Goniobases of Oregon and California...........-+¢. Catalogue of the Species of Limnza of the United States....... Description of a New Species of Mercenaria........ Monograph of the Family Strepomatida......... cece sereee Wheatley, Charles M. Revision of M. Petit’s Catalogue of the Genus Monocondylea... Whitfield, R. P. Descriptions of New Species of Eocene Fossils..... . seecsece covers 208 38 39 41 68 97 165 216 219 223 206 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. VoOrsk FEBRUARY J; 1865. No. 1. Z CATALOGUE OF THE EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE TESTACEA OF THE UNITED STATES. BY T. A. CONRAD. THE fossil shells inthe following catalogue characterise two consecutive Tertiary formations, the oldest of which has long been regarded as an equivalent of the Huropean Kocene. The later formation I believe to be of the same age as the Oligo- cene which immediately succeeds the Eocene. The fossils of the latter formation indicate two very distinct periods or stages which hold in common only two species:so far as our present collections indicate. The older Hocene species may be known by the localities cited; Maryland, Virginia and New Jersey. Those of Claiborne, Alabama, are all upper Hocene exclusively, except Venericardia planicosta, V. densata, Cyclas Claibornensis and Turritella Mortont. The Texan species are probably upper Eocene. A few other species are indicated in the catalogue as occurring only in the older divi- sion of that formation. No species has been determined to be common to the Kocene and Oligocene. The latter is indicated by the locality of Vicksburg. bo AMERICAN JOURNAL WORKS REFERRED TO. Amer. J. Science—The American Journal of Science and Arts. Amer. Philos. Soc-—Transactions of the American Philoso- phical Society. Cont. to Geol—Contributions to Geology by Isaac Lea. Foss. Shells of Tert—F¥ossil shells of the Tertiary Forma- tions of the United States, by T. A. Conrad. Geol. Trans—Transactions of the Geological Society of Pennsylvania. J. A. N. S—Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceed. A. N. S—Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceed. Nat. Instit.—Proceedings of the National Institution. LOCALITIES. Claib.—Claiborne, Clarke County, Alabama. Enterprize—Clarke County, Mississippi. Jackson—Hinds County, Mississippi. St. Stephens —W ashington County, Alabama. Texas.— W heelock, Robertson County, Texas. Vicks——Vicksburg, Warren County, Mississippi. CONCHIFERA. PHOLADIDA. PHOLAS, Lin. P. PETROSA, C.—Proceed. Nat. Instit., p. 1939, £4. Aad, Science, i. 2d series, p. 218, t.2, £1. Piscataway, Md. PHOLAMERIA, Conrad. P. TRIQUETRA (Pholas,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. LD At. Mapes Te Wireks: TEREDO, Lin. T. SIMPLEX, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 38, t. 1, f. 6. Claib. GASTROCH ANID. GASTROCH ANA, Spengler. . LARVA (Fistulana,) C.—A. J. Science, 1. 2d series, p. 212, t. de feb Clas, SAXICA VIDA. GLYCIMERIS, Klein. G. ELONGATA (Panopea,) C.—Trans. Geol. Soc. Penns.,1., ). So9. t: 18,01; Avedecience, 1. 2d series, p. 2L0/t, tha, f.1. Piscataway, Md. ep) OF CONCHOLOGY. 3 G. OBLONGATA (Panop.) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. Mi de he POND oe? Nixeks, CORBULID. CORBULA, Brug. . ALTA, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1, 2d series, p. 124,t.12, f. 33 oD. (Vicks: . BICARINATA, C.—Wailes’ Ag. and Geol., of Miss., t. 14, f. 3. Jackson, Miss. . DENSATA, C.—Jbid., f. 9.—Jbid. . FILOSA, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch.,* 1865. ENGONATA, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1., 2d series, p. 124, t. 12, f. 30. Vicks. INTASTRIATA, O.—J. A.N Sciences, i. 2d series, p. 124, t. 12, f. 31.— bid. ' . LAQUEATA, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865.—Vicks. . NasuTA, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 38.—Claib. C. Alabamiensis, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 45, t. 1, f. 12. . ONISCUS, C.—A. J. Science, xxii., p. 841. Claib. C. Murchinsonii, C. gibbosa, Lea.—Cont. to Geol. p. 44, t. 1, f. 18, 14. C. Texana, Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 384, t. 67, £.54. Texas. PHOLDOMYA, Sowerby. P. MaryLAnpica, C.—Proceed. Nat. Instit., p. 198, t. 1, £3. A.J. Seience, 1, 2d series, p. 2141. 1,£9. U. Marlboro’, Maryland. CO. CO+.6Gm.000. 6-6 ANATIDE. PERIPLOMA, Schum. P. CLAIBORNENSIS (Anatina,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 40, t. 1, f 8. Claib. MACTRIDA. MACTRA, Lin. M. DeEcIsA, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert. p.42. A. J. Science, 1., 2d series, p. 216, t, 2,f. 3. Claib. M. dentata? Lea—Cont. to Geol. p. 41, t. 1, f. 9. M. MissIsstPpPIEnsis, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 121, t. 12, £14. Vicks: M? PARILIS, C. Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 42. A. J. Science, i., > \ ad series, \p.. 217, tania 6) -Claib: M. pygmea, Lea.—Conik. to Geol., p. 44, t. 1, f£. 11. * Species thus indicated will be published in the next Number of this Journal. vA 4 AMERICAN JOURNAL MACTRELLA, Gray. M. prawrenuis, (Mactra,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p.42. A J. Science, i., 2d series, p. 217, t.2, f, 4. Claib. LUTRARIIN #. PTEROPSIS. Conrad. P. papyria (Lutraria,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 41. A. J. Nis _ LINTEA (Psammobia,) C._—J. A.N. Sciences, 1. 2d series, p. Science, 1., 2d series, p. 216, t. 1. fi 8. _LAPIDOSA (Lutraria,) C.—A. J. Science, 1., 2d series, p. 215, t. sl, dead: TELLINID A. GARI, Schumacker. FILOSA, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 42. Claib. 199) 4. LOME 250 + Vices: G. papyria (Psammobia,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1., 2d series, p. « MOD, +. 112, f: 15a af Mirelss. G. Mississipprensis (Psammobia.)—Ibid.—p. 122, t. 12, f. 26. Vicks. Suscenus, PSAMMOCOLA, Lam. . EBOREA (Psammobia,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 42. Claib. . . BLAINVILLII (Solecurtus,) Lea—Cont. to Geol, p. 39, t. 1, f. 7, -Claib. _ TELLINA, Lin. . MoorEANA, Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 287, fOr. a oG; -. Mexag, _ pecrorosa, C.—J, A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 122, t. 42) ft. OY... WICKS) T. pprovata, C.—J. A. N. Seiences, iv., 2d series, p. 123, t. 12, t20. Clarb. |, PAPYRIA, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p.41. A.J. Science, 1., ae [lees is 2d series, p. 399, t. 4, £7. Claib. . PLANA (Hgeria,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol. p. 54, t. 1, f 24. Con- rad, A. J. Science, 1., 2d series, p. 400. . SCANDULA, C.—A. J. Science, 1. 2d series, p. 400, t. 4, f. 8. Claib. . SmiiIMANI, C.—A. J. Science, 1, p. 399, 't.4, £9" Claib. Mewrica, O—J. A. IN: Sciences, 1, 2d series ip: 125%, 125%, 28. Vicks. T. euryterma, Gabb.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, 1861, p. 369. VICKSBURGENSIS.—J. A. N, Sciences, 1., 2d series, p. 123, t. 12, f. 32. OF CONCHOLOGY. 5 Suscenus, PERONAODERMA, Poli. . OVALIS (Hgeria,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol. p. 54, t. 1, f 25.-- Claib. Supcenus, ARCOPAGIA, Brown. T. ALTA, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 41. A. J. Science, 1. 2d series, p. 399, t. 4, f. 10. Claib. T. RAVENELI, C.-A. J. Science, i., 2d series, p. 400, t. 5, f. 1. Claib. T. SUBEQUALIS, C.—J.A.N. Science, i. 2d series, p. 129, t. 18, i. E. EK. f. 8. South Carolina. | EGERIA, Lea. DONACIA, C.—-Proceed. A. N. Science, 1864. FUNERATA (Donaz,) C.—J. A. N. Science, iv., 2d series, p. LOS: ta PS ke 9: LIMATULA (Donax,) C._—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 42. #. triangulata, Lea.—Cont. to Geol. p. 51, t. 1, f. 20. FE. Bucklandii, Lea.—Ibid., p. 21. H? wana, Lea.—Tbid,, p. 55, t. 1, f. 26. -Claib. EK. . SUBTRIGONIA, Lea.——J bid, p. 58, t. 1, £22. Lbid. . VENERIFORMIS, Lea.—Jdid., p. 538, t. 1, £25. Lbid. rF FP PF PF PP Be op M. OvALIS, Lea.——/bid., p. 54, t. 1, f. 24. Lbdrd. ABRA, Leach. . MISSISSIPPIENSIS, (Psammobia,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 121, t. 12, f 20. ! NITENS, (Hgeria,) luea.—Cont. to Geol, p. 51, t. 1, f 19. Claib. . PEROVATA (Psammobia,) C.J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, palzdy tai lS Vacke: . STAMINEA (corbis,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1., 2d series, p. 124, ieto, fe 20. Vicks. . TELLINULA (Amphidesma,) C.—A. J. Science, i., new series, p. 897, t. 4, £5. Claib. SEMELE, Schum. . LINOSA (Amphidesma,)C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 42, Sillim. ‘Journal, 1., new series, p. 397, t. 4, f. 2. Claib. MACTROPSIS, Conrad. AHQUOREA (EHrycina,) C——Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 42. (Zri- quetra,) A.J. Science, i., 2d series, p. 218, t. 2, f. 5. Claib. Mactra Gray, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 42, t. 1, f. 10. M. RECTILINEARIS (/rycina,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 42. (Triquetra,) A.J. Science, i., 2d series, p. 218, t. 2, f. 8. Claib. VENERIDA. MERETRIX, Lam. M? yoaAKkumul, Gabb.—Proceed. A. N. Science, 1861, p. 370. Texas. 6 AMERICAN JOURNAL DOSINIOPSIS, Conrad. D? aura (Dosinia,) C—Ex. and Surveys, Railroad Route to D. D. Bee So eats or oe O- Oe. Of 2 D. D; Pace. v., p. 820, t. 2, f.2. California. Meek, C.-—Proceed. A. N. Science, 1864, p. 218. Mary- land. : LENTICULARIS (Cyth.,) Rogers.—Tran. A. P. Society, vi., 2d series, p. 872, t.28, f.1. Virginia. CHIONE, Megerle.’ . MISSISSIPPIENSIS ( Cytherea,) C.J. A. N. Science, 2d series, p. 123, t. 18, f, 16. “Wicks. DIONE, Gray. . HQUOREA (Cytherea,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert. p. 36. C. Hydii, Lea——Cont. to Geol., p. 66, t. 2, f. 42. . ASTARTIFORMH (Cytherea,) C.—-J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 123, t. 18, £18. Vicks. . CALIFORNIANA (Meretrix,) C—-Ex. and Surveys; Railroad Route to Pac., p. 320, t. 2, f 4. . DISCOIDALIS (Cytherea,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 36. Claib. C. trigoniata, Lea.——Cont. to Geol., p. 67, t. 2, fi 44. C. minima, Lea.——Ibid., p. 68, t. 2, f. 45. . EVERSA (Cytherea,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1., 2d series, p. 131, t.14,f.21. Virginia. _ IMITABILIS (Cytherea,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 123, 13, £14. Vicks. . LENIS (Cytherea,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1., 2d series, p. 180, t.14,f19. Virginia. . LICIATA (Cytherea,) C——J. A. N. Sciences, 1., 2d series, p. 189, t. 14, f.20. Virginia. . Mortont (Cytherea,) C——J. A. N. Sciences, vii., 150. . Nurrauit ( Cytherea,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, vii, p. 149. Claib. . OVATA (Cytherea,) Rogers—Trans. A. P. Society, v., p. 840, wi, t. 27, £2. “Wirginia. . PERBREVIS (Cytherea,) C_—J. A. N. Sciences, 2d series 1, p. 23, t. 13, £18. “Virginia. . PEROVATA (Cytherea,) C._Foss. Shells of Tert., p.87. Claib. O. comis, Lea.——Cont. to Geol. p. 66, t. 2, f 41. Pounsoni ( Cytherea,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 36. Claib. (. globosa, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 65, t. 2, f. 40. PYGA (Cytherea,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i, 2d series, p. 181, t. 14, f.18. Virginia. D. SOBRINA (Cytherea,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i, 2d series, p. ort: to, a.07. Vieks. OF CONCHOLOGY. vi D. SUBORASSA (Cytherea,) Lea.--Cont. to Geol.,, p. 67, t. 2, f. 40. Claib. D. SUBIMPRESSA (Cytherea,) C. p- 180, t.14,f26. Vicks. D. uvASANA (Meretrix,) C—Ex. and Surveys; Railroad Route to Pac. v., p. 820, t. 2, £3. California. CYTHERIOPSIS, Conrad. C. HYDANA (Cytherea,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 36. Gratelupia Moulinsii, Lea.——Cont. to Geol. p. 59, t. 2, f 33: CARDIUM, Lin. Suspgenus, CERASTODERMA, Poli. C. EvERsUM, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 122, t. 12, fib) Wace: C. VICKSBURGENSE, C.—J/odid., t. 12, f. 16. Vicks. Suscenus, TRACHYCARDIUM, Morch. C. gLoBosum, C.J. A. N. Sciences, 1., 2d series, p. 122. PROTOCARDIA, Beyrich. P. GAMBRINA, Gabb.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, 1861, p. 371. Texas. P. DIvERSA (Cardium,) C.—J. A, N. Sciences, 2d series, p. 122, tls. tS Vicks: P. diversa, Gabb.——Proceed., 1861, p. 370. Texas. P. tima, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch. 1865 Enterprise, Miss. P. Nicouett (Cardium,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, viii, p. 190. Louisiana. J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series. LAVICARDIUM, Swains. LL. LINTEUM (Cardium,) O—-Ex. and Surveys; Railroad Route to Pac. v., p. 820, t. 2, £1. California. CHAMID Ai. CHAMA, Lin. C. MIssIssrPreNsis, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1. 2d series, p. 124, tS ews | Nir less VENERICARDIA, Lam. V. ALTICOSTATA (Cardita,) C—A. J. Science xxii, p. 342, Jan. 1833. Claib. V. transversa, Lea.—Cont. to Geol. p. 68, t. 2, f. 46, 1834. V. asciA, Rogers.—Trans. A. P. Science, vi., p. 374, t. 29, f. 2. Virginia.—TLbid. V? BILINEATA (Cardita,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 128, t.14,f9. South Carolina. . V. BLANDINGI, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, vi. p. 229, t. 9, f 20. South Carolina. n 8 AMERICAN JOURNAL V. DENSATA (Cardita,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, 2d series p. 130, t. 14, f. 24. Claib. V. MONILIcosTA (Cardita,) ae ang eas, BN ~ Sciences, 1861, p. 371. exes. “Y V. parva, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., é 70, t.2 2, £. 49. V. PERANTIQUA, C. Cardita subquadrata, Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 803, t. 48, f 22.—-Monmouth County, N. J. V.PLANIcosTA, Lam., C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 20, t. 5; f.2: var. regia, Conrad. Piscataway, Md. V. RoTUNDA, Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 70, t. 2, f 48. V. SILLIMANI, Lea.—Ibid., 47. A. SUBQUADRATA (Cardita,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 128, t. 14, f 9. -South Carolina. LUCINIDAL, CYCLAS, Klein. Lucina, Brug. C. ALVEATA, (Lucina,) C.—Foss. Shells. of Tert. p. 40, Nov. P1885; A. .J. science, 152d ‘series. 402.04) f.12s Claib. LT. lunata, Lea. Claib. C. CARINIFERA (Lucina,) C. 2d series, p. 402, t. 4, f. 15. Claib. C. cornuta (Lucina), Lea—Cont. to, Geol., p. 56, t. 1, f. 29. Claib. C. CLAIBORNENSIS, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch. 1865. C. curtTa, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch. 1865. Enterprise. L. DOLABRA (Lucina,) C.—Ibid., p. 40. Claib. Astarte recurva, Lea.—Cont. to Geol. p. 61, t. 2, f. 34. C. MODESTA (Lucina,) C.—A. J. Science, 1, 2d series, p. 403, tet 3. | Oleab. (, MISsISsIPPIENsIs (Lucina,) C.—J. A. N. Science, 1. 2d series, p. 124, t. 12,£.22. Vicks. C, PAPYRACEA (Lucina,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol. p. 58, t. 1, f. 31, Claib. C. PANDATA (Lucina,) C—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 40, Claib. LL. compressa, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 50, t. 1, f. 27. C» PERLEVIS, (Lucina,) C—J. A. N. Science, 1., 2d series, p. 124. Vicks C. PpomILiIa (Lucina,) C—Foss. Shells of Tert., p.40. A. J. Seience, 1., 2d series, p. 402, t. 4, f. 17. Claib. C. IMPRESSA (Lucina,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 57, t. 1, f 380. C. SUBVEXA (Lucina,) C.—Ibid., p. 40. A. J. Science, i., 2d series, p. 4038, t. 4, f 14. Claib. Cont. to Geol., p. 58, t. 1, f. 82. 1834. OF CONCHOLOGY. 9 C. SYMMETRICA (Lucina,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 40. Claib. L. rotunda, Lea. Cont. to Geol. p: 56,4. 1, £ 28. GAFRARIUM, Bolten. G. DISTANS (Corbis,) C—Foss. Shells of Tert.,p.41. A.J. Science, 1., 2d series, p. 401, t. 4; f. 11. . Claib. C. undata ( Young.)—Foss. Shells of Tert.—Ibid., p. 41. G. LIRATUM (Corbis,) C—A. J. Science, i., 2d series, p. 401, t..4,f 16. A.J. Science, i., 2d series; p. 401; t: 442-16: Claib. Corbis lamellosa, Conrad, not Lam. SCINTILLA, Deshayes. S. OBLONGA (Kellia,) C-——J»A: N. Sciences, 1., 2d series, p. 125 te ist fey 2Oe VICKS, MYSIA, Leach. M.. ASTARTa#FORMIS, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 296. Claib. M. DELTOIDEA, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 296. M. EBURNEA (Loripes,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 124, t12; £. 23: Vicks. M. niveENS (Hgeria,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol. p. 51, t. 1, f 19. Claib. M. uneuLINA, C.—Morton’s Org. Rem. Appendix, p. 7. Claib. Astarte ungulina, C—A. J. Science, xxiil., p. 842. 1838. Lgeria rotunda, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 50, t. 1, f. 17. 18384. SPH AZRELLA, Conrad. S. INFLATA (Hgeria,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol. p. 50, t. 1, f. 18. » Claib. S. LEvis, C._— Amer. Jour. Conch. 1865. Claib. S. TURGIDA (Loripes,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, 2d series, p. 124 ty 12y fe 2382 Vieks: CRASSATELLID &. ASTARTE, Sow. A. PARILIS, C.—Wailes’ Ag. and Geol. of Miss., t. 14, f. 2. Jackson, Miss. A. PARVA, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 63, t. 2, £ 37. Claib. A. minor, Lea.—T bid., f. 88. Ibid. A. TELLINOIDES, C.—A. J. Science, xxiii., p. 342. Claib. A. Nicklinii, A. sulcata, Lea.—Cont. to Geol, p. 61, t. 2, f. 35, 86. Claib. PTEROMERIS, Conrad. P. MINUTISSIMA (Aséarte,) Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 64, t. 2, f. 39. Claib. ? ? c. GQ 10 AMERICAN JOURNAL GOULDIA, . PERDITA, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. Enterprise, Miss. ALVEINUS, Conrad. . PARVA, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. Enterprise, Miss. *" CRASSATELLA, Lam. . ALZFORMIS, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, vi, p. 228, t. 10, f 1. A. J. Science, p. 396, t. 3, f 3. Maryland. . ALTA, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 31,t.7. A. J. Science, 1, 20 Series, Paced, t. 0,4. ‘Claib: . ANTESTRIATA, Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. O06, t. 67, £. 63. Texas. CAPRI-CRANIUM, Rogers.—Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. vi., p. 375, t. 30, f 2. Virginia. . FLEXURA, C.—Wailes’ Ag. and Geol. of Miss., t. 14, f. 7. . MISSISSIPPIENSIS, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 122, ted, ths LO. Vieks C. pRopuctA, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, 1862, p. 289. En- M ga iP. le A 8. terprise, Miss. . PROTEXTA, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 22, t.8,f 2. A. J. Science, 1., 2d series, p. 395, t.3, f. 2. Claib. . PALMULA, C.—A. J. Science, i., 2d series, p. 396, t. 4, f. 1. Maryland. . RHOMBOIDEA, C.—A. J. Science, i. 2d series, p. 396, t. 3, f. 5. South Carolina. . UVASANA, C.—Ex. and Surveys; Railroad Route to Pac., v., p. 820, t. 2, £5. California. MYTILID A. MYTILUS, Linn. ? HUMERUS, C.—Ex. and Surveys; Railroad Route to Pac. v., p. 821, t. 2, f. 10.’ California. _PERNA, Adanson. CRETACEA (Modiola,) C_—Trans. Geol. Soc. Philadelphia, p. 340, t. 18, f. 2. Clarke County, Alabama. MISSISSIPPIENSIS (Modiola,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 126, t. 12, f£ 19. Vicks. TEXxANA, Gabb.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, 1861, p. 371. Texas. ARCOPERNA, Conrad. . FILosA, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. Enterprise, Miss. STALAGMUM, Conrad, 1833. Myoparo, Léa, 1834. MARGARITACEUM, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 39. Claib. Myoparo costatus, Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 74, t. 2, f 51, 1854. OF CCONCHOLOGY. ll CRENELLA, Brown. C? LATIFRONS, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 296. Alabama. LITHOPHAGIN 4. LITHOPHAGA, Bolten. L. CLAIBORNENSIS (Lithodomus,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 182, t. 14, f. 27. Claib. AVICULID. AVICULA, Klein. A. ARGENTEA, C.—J. A. N.Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 126, t. 12, f. 10; Vicks. A. LIMULA, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 39. Claib. A. Claibornensis, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 86, t. 3, f 65. PINNA, Lin. P. ARGENTEA, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 126, t. 12. feelOs Vaeks: TRIGONIID 4. HIPPAGUS, Lea.—1834. H. Isocarpio1pEs, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 72, t. 2, f 50. ARCIN &. ARCA, Lin. A. PROTRACTA (Byssoarca,) C..—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 126, t.13,f 26. Vicks. ANOMALOCARDIA, Klein. ‘A. MISsIssIPPrENsis (Arca,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, ig) Bel Series, pr. 25, 6 Poet io. packs: A. RHOMBOIDELLA (Arca,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol. pulley t: 2, f 52: CUCULL@ARCA, Conrad. C. tim (Byssoarca,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 125, fi, f. 23.) “Vicks: . CUCULLOIDES (Arca,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 37. . MISSISSIPPIENSIS (Byssoarca,) —J. A. N. Sciences, 1., 2d Series, p. 125) t. Tomi 3d2 Vicks, LATIARCA, Conrad, 1862. elie L. GIGANTEA (Cucullea,) C—J. A. N.Sciences,’ vi., p. 227, t. 10, f.4. Maryland. L. ONONCHELA (Cucullea,) Rogers.—Trans. Amer. Philos. S0c., vi, p. 372, t. 28, f. 2. Virginia. i) AMERICAN JOURNAL L. TRANSVERSA (Cucullxa,) Rogers.—Jbid, p. 378, t. 29, f. 1. Virginia. AXIN_AIN Ai. AXINEA, Poli. A. ArcTatus (Pectunc,).C.—J. A. N. Saieneee! 1, 2d Series, p. 125, 4. 18, £24... Wick: A. BELLASCULPTA, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 295. A. IDONEA (Pectune,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 39. Claib. A. INTERCOSTATA, Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 402, t.68,f2. Texas. A. MISSISSIPPIENSIS (Pectunc,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d Series,1p. 125, t. 18, £1.25. Vicks: A. STAMINA (Pectunc,) C.—A. J. Science, xxiii, p. 842. 1838. Claib. A. TRIGONELLA (Pectunc,) C—A. J. Science, xxii., p. 342. Pectunculus deltovdeus, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 77, t. 38, f. 50. LIMOPSIS, Sarsi. - L. AVICULOIDES (Pectunc.) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 39. JA. N. Sciences; iv. 2d series, p:'297, t. 4.7, £ D2. Pectunculus obliquus, Lea.——Cont. to Geol., p. 78, t. 8, f 57. L. CORBULOIDES, (Pectunc.) C.—Foss. Shells of: Lert, p: 40: J. A. N. Sciences, p. 297: L. pEctsus, (Pectunc.) C._—Ibid,, p. 47, t. 18. Noetia pulehra ? Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv. 2d series, p. 388, t. 67, f. 55. L. DECLIVIS (Pectwnc.) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 16. Pectune. minor, Lea.—Cont. to Geol. p. 77, t. 3, f 54. L. Evuipsis (Pectwnc.) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 78, t. 3, f. 56. C.—J. A.. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 297, t. 47, f. 9. Claib. L. PECTUNCULARIS (Nucula,) Lea—ZTbid., p. 81, t. 3, f. 60. ~ Claib. L. PERPLANUS (Pectunculus,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 40. J. A. N. Sciences, i1v., p. 297, t. 47, £. 16. Claib. TRIGONOCZELIX. T. cuNEus (Limopsis,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 297, t. 46, 2.17. s@lab: NUCULID. NUCULA, Lam. N. CARINIFERA, Lea.—Cont. to Geol. p. 198, t. 6, f 212. Claib. N. mMag@nirFica, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 37. Claib N ¥. N. N N. N. A Ae 1 al ah i aii ls i ZA Zi IZ OF CONCHOLOGY. 13 N. Sedgewickei, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 79, t. 8, f. 58. . VICKSBURGENSIS, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i. 2d series, p. 125, t: 185 £29. “Vieles: YOLDIA, Moll. EBOREA (Leda,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 295, t. 47, £. 26. Alab. NUCULANA, Link. ZAQUALIS (Nucula,) C. N. media, Lea.—Cont. to Geol. . BELLA (Nucula,) C—A. J. Science, xxii, p. 848. Claib. CHLATA (Nucula,) C—A. J. Science, xxii, p. 843. Claib. N. Brongniartii, Lea—Cont. to Geol. CALCARENSIS (Nucula,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 128, t. 14, £5. South Carolina. . CLAIBORNENSIS,° (Nucula,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i, 2d series, p. 131, t..14, f. 22. . CAROLINENSIS (Nucula,) C.—Ibid., p. 128, t. 14, f. 3. . compsA (Leda,) Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. Sol. bool Lexas, . CULTELLIFORMIS (Nuewla,) Rogers.—Trans. A. P. Soe., v., p. 399. Virginia. . EQUALIS (Nucula,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 46. . IMPROCERA (Nucula,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 131, t. 14, f 23. Virginia. MAGNA, (Nucula,) Lea.—Cont to Geol., p. 197, t. 6, f. 121. MEDIA (Nucula,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol.,p. 83, t. 3, f 62. Claib. MUCRONATA (Nucula,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i, 2d series, p. 128, +t. 14, £2. Vicks. OPULENTA (Nucula,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 46. Claib. OVULA (Nucula,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 80, t. 8, f 59. . PARILIS (Nucula,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 132, te 14. HS. . PARVA (Nucula,) Rogers.—Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., v., p. 340. PLANA (Nucula,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 199, t. 6, f 218. Claib. . PLICATA (Nucula,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 85, t. 8, f 64 Claib. . PROTEXTA, Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. . PULCHERRIMA (Nucula,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 84, t. 3, £695. Claib. . SEMEN (Nucula,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 200, t. 6, f 214. Claib. . SERICA, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 125, t. 18, f. 29* Vicks. 14 AMERICAN JOURNAL N. SUBTRIGONA (Nucula,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, P. p. 128, t.14, £4. South Carolina. PECTINIDZ. PECTEN, Lin. ANATIPES, Morton.—Org. Rem. Cret. Group, p. 58, t. 5, f. 4. St. Stephens, Alabama. P. cALvATUs, Morton.—Org. Rem. Cret. Group, p. 58, t. 10, f. 8. ‘South Carolina. P. DesHAystI, Lea.—Cont to Geol., p. 87, t. 8, £66. Claib. P. Lyell, Lea—Tbid., p. 88, t. 8, £ 67.—Lbid. P. HouBrooktt, Ravenel.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, 11., p. 96, P; Pero gard 2 A. sucosa, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, i., p. 310. iii, t. 1 South Carolina. MEMBRANOSUS, Morton.—Org.-Rem. Cret. Group, p. 59, t. 10, f. 4. South Carolina. . NuPERUS, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vii., p. 259. Wailes’ Geol. Miss., pl., xiv. f. 11. Jackson. . PERPLANUS, Morton.—Org. Rem. Cret. Group, p. 58, t. 14, f. 8. St. Stephens. . Poutson1, Morton.—Org. Rem. Cret. Group., p. 59, t. 19, f.2. St. Stephens. . SPILLMANI, Gabb.—J. A. N. Science, iv., p. 402, t. 68, f. 3. Alab. AMUSSIUM, Klein. . Mortont (Pecten,) Ravenel.—Proceed. A. N. Science,s i1., p- 96. South Carolina. RADULA, Klein. . STAMINEA (Zima,) C.—J. A. N. Science, i. 2d series, p. 126; 4.13, £30. Vieks. SPONDYLID. SPONDYLUS, Lin. . DuMosus (Plagiostoma,) Morton.—Org. Rem. Cret. Group, p- 59, t. 16,f. 8. Clarke County, Alabama. PLICATULA, Lam. . FILAMENTOSA, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 88. Claib. P. Mantelli, Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 89, t. 3, f. 68. ANOMIIDA. ANOMIA, Lin. f.15. South Carolina. A. RuFFINI, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences. OSTREA, Lin. O. ALABAMIENSIS, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 91, t. 8, f. 71. Claib. OF CONCHOLOGY. 15 O. princerna, (young.)—Jobid., f. 78. O. lingua-canis.—I bid., f. 72. O. CAROLINENSIS, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 27, t. 14, f. 1. South Carolina. O. COMPRESSIROSTRA, Say.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., p. 182, t. 8 f.2. U. Marlboro,’ Md. O. Bellovacina, C. not Lam.—Proceed. N. Instit., p. 172. O. GrorGIANA, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, vii, p. 156. Savannah River, Georgia. O. stnuosa, Rogers.—Trans. Amer. Philos. Soe. v., p. 340. Wl Pe 21,0 1.) Virginiat O. STELLZFORMIS, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 27, t. 18, f. 2. Claib. QO. divaricata, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 91, t. 3, f. 70. O. radians, Conrad.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 27, t. 18, f. 1. O. semilunata, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 90, t. 8, f. 69. O. TRIGONALIS, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vii, p. 259. Wailes’ Geol. Miss., t. 14, f. 10. Jackson. SuBGENUus, GRYPH(CEOSTREA, Conrad. O. SUBEVERSA, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. U. Marlboro’, Maryland. uy, ANOMIA, Lin. A. EPHIPPIOIDES, Gabb.—J .A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 388, t. 67, f.59. Texas. 0 BRACHIOPODA. THREBRATULID. TEREBRATULINA, D’Orbigny. T. GRactuis, Schloth—Die Petrifactenkunde, p-. 270, No. 35. Alabama. T. LACHRYMA (Terebratula,) Morton. —Org. Rem. Cret. Group, p. 72, t. 10, f. 11 and 16, 6. Near Claib. Alabama, South Carolina. TEREBRATULA, Lihyd. T. CANIPES, Ravenel. raters AON Scicnges peo: Cane anne CEPHALOPODA. ATURIA, Bronn. A. ALABAMENSIS (Nautilus,) Morton.—Org. Rem. Cret. Group p. 38, t. 18, f. 8. Clarke County, Alabama. A. VANUXEMI (Pelagus,) C—J, A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 130, Ae Lb. Nl ), w/ 16 AMERICAN JOURNAL BELOSEPIA, Voltz. B. unGuLA, Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 376, t. 67, f. 1, 2, 38,4. Wheelock. ) GASTEROPODA. MORICIDA. MUREX, Lin. M. enconatus, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 30. Claib. Fusus sexangulus, C—J. A.N. Sciences, vii, p. 144. M. Manreui, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, vii, p. 154. Claib. M. Conradi—D'Orb. Prodromus, ii, , p- "364, 548. M. MISSISSIPPIENSIS, C.—J. A.N. Sciences, i , 2d series, p.. b16, t. 11, £30. Vicks. M. morutus, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, vi., 2d series, p. 298, t. AT, f.28. Alabama. M. sEPTENARIUS, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, vil., p. 159. Claib. M? vAMUXEMI. C.—Proceed--A;-N-Seiences, 1864. Claib. TYPHIS, Mont, T. GRAcILIS, C—A. J. Science, xxii, p. 844. Claib. Murex alternata. Lea.—Cont. to Geol. ODONTOPOLYS, Gabb. O. CoMPSORHYTIS, Gabb.—J. A. N., Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. uiieth. Ol, te LO, FUSID i. FUSUS, Lam. F. ExpPLicATus, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 48. Claib. F. rrrasus, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, vit, p. 145. Claib. F. MISSISSIPIENSIS, C.—J. --A. N. Sciences, 1.,:2d. series, p. 117, ff) 84).7) Vicks. F. Mortonit, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 145, t. 5, f 145. Claib.. I. Morrontopsis, Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. Bis i Ol, 1. c0 oe exes. F. PROTEXTUS, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p: 48. Claib. F. staMIneus, C.—Jbid., p. 48. Claib. F. SALEBROSUS, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, vu., p. 145. Claib. SIPHO, Klein, Nepiunea, Bolton. S. BELLA, (Fusus,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p.48. Claib. Fusus crebissimus, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 147, t.5 f. 149. Claib. S. CONYBEARII, (Fusus.) Lea.—Cont to Geol., p. 149, t. 5. f 154. Claib. OF CONCHOLOGY. 17 S. DECISA (Fusus,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 48. Claib. S. DELABECHIT (fusus,) Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 148, t. 5, f 151. Claib. S.-uinteEA (Neptunea,) C—Proceed. A. N- Sciences, 1865. Claib. S. MAGNocosTaTa (Fusus,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 147, t. 5, f. 150. Claib. S. oRNATA (Fusus,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 148, t. 5, f. 152. Claib. S. PUMILA, (Musus,) Lea, (young shell.)—Cont. to Geol., p. 215, ion f 226. “Claib: S. VICKSBURGENSIS (Fusus,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, perliy, t. 111 338., Vicls: S. VENusTA (fusus,) Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 145, t. 5, f. 148) STREPSIDURA, Swainson. S. LIMULA (Fusus,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 48, 2d edi- tion, p. 53, t. 18, f. 4. Claib: S. LINTEA (Fusus,) C—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. Claib. S. PERLATA, (fusus,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 54, t. 18, f 5. | Claib. Fusus acutus, Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 149, t. f. 5. 153. PAPILLINA, Conrad. * rise P. ALTILIS (Pusus,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert.; p. 48. Claib. P. MISSISSIPPIENSIS, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vii., p. 262. Wailes’ Geol. Miss., p. 17, f. 10. Jackson. P. PAPILLATUS (Fusus,) C.—Lbid., p. 29. Claib. LEVIFUSUS, Conrad. L. BLAKE! (Busycon ?) C_—Ex. and Surveys, Railroad Route to Pac. v., p. 822, t. 2, f..138. California. oi L. TRABEATUS (Fusus,) C.—Koss. Shells of Tert., p. 29. Claib. Fusus bicarinatus, Lea.—Cont. to Geol, p. 146, t. 5, f. 147 LIROFUSUS, Conrad, L. THoRAcIcUS (fMusus,) C.—Foss. Shells of Peto Un} Claib. Fusus deculsstus, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 145, Fusus nanus ? (young,) Lea.—T bid., p. 150, t. 5, BULBIFUSUS, Conrad. B, INAURATUS (Husus,) C. Foss Shells of Tert., p.29. Claib. Fusus Fittonir, Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 150, t. 5, f. 156. Fusus minor, Lea—Tbid., p. 158. fase Fusus parva, Lea.—T bid., p. 157. ‘oe CLAVELLA; Swains, es C. HUMEROSA, C.— Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vii, p. 259, + Wailes’ Geol. Miss., rs 15, £2. Jackson. D y if Rye), tacos pea lisa C. Di 27 py = (Op\— GB Op tp dp) ip op) RN mM nm 18 AMERICAN JOURNAL PACHYLEURA (fusus,) C. J. A. N. Sciences, viii., p. 199, 1., 2d series, p. 132, t. 14, f 25. Alabama. _ MissISsIPPrENsis, C.—Proceed. A. N, Sciences, vil., p. 259. Wailes’ Geol., Miss., p. 17, f. 8. Jackson. . RAPHANOIDES, (Fusus,) C7 Am Sciences, vil, p. 144. Claib. . VARICOSA, C.—Proceed. A. N.Sciences, vii., p. 159. Wailes’ Geol. Miss. p. 16, f. 7. Jackson. . VICKSBURGENSIS, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i. 2d series, p. 207 : iv., 2d series, p. 41, t.1, £5. Vicks. EXILIFUSUS, Conrad. . THALLOIDES (fusus,) C-—Foss. Shells of Tert., p.43. 2d edition, t. 18, f. 12. Claib. PLEUROTOMID2. SURCULA, Adams. . ACUTIROSTRA (Pleurot.,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 52, t. 17,f£.21. 2d edition, p. 50, t. 17, £3. Claib. . ALTERNATA (Pleuwrot.,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 40, 2d edition. p. 50, t. 17, £18. Claib. Baumontil, (Pleurot.,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 134, t. 4, f. 127. Claib. . BISERIATA, (Pleurot.,) C.—Morton’s Org. Rem. of Cret. Group. Appendix 4. . CALATA (Pleurot.,) Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 132, t. 4, f. 1238. Claib. . COCHLEARIS, (Pleurot.,) C_—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, palo: t. 111. 23.’ . Vicks. . CONGESTA (Pleurot.,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, 1., = series, p. PS agai) tf. 19s) Wicks! _ CHILDRENI (Pleurot.,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. "187, t. 4, f. 12." OC lari: . DECLIVA, (Pleurot.,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 116, t. 11, £27. Vicks. . DEPYGIS (Pleurot.,) C—Foss. Shells of Tert., p.46. 2d edition, p. 52, t.17, f. 20. Claib. . DESNOYERSII (Pleurot.,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol, p. 1385, t. 4, f. 128. “Claib: GABBII, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865: Texas: . GEMMATA (Pleurot.,) C—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 52, t. 17, f.22. Claib. KE.Luoail (Turris,) Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 0/9, t. 67, £10. “Dexas. . LINTEA, C. Proceed. A. N. Sciences. 1865. Texas. . LIRATA, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, 1865. Claib. . MONILIFERA (Pleurot.,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 133, t. 4, f. 126. Claib. OF CONCHOLOGY. 19 S. NODOCARINATA (Pleurot.,) Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 379, t. 67, f. 18. Texas. S. NUPERA (Pleurot.,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p.46. 2d edition, po Ol, t. Ll 162; Claib, S. OBLIQUA (Plewrot.,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 186, t. 4, f. 181. Claib. S. ROTADENS (Pleurot.,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. PUGS) Lids £265 -sNaeks: S. RuGosA (Pleurot.,) Lea—Cont. to Geol. p. 186, t. 4, f 130. Claib. S. RUGATINA, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, 1865. Claib. S. Savi (Pleurot.,) Lea—Cont. to Geol. p. 182, t. 4, f. 125. Claib. 5 S . SERVATA (Pleurot.,) C_—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 115, 4.148 1S. 0) Vaeles . SUBEQUALIS (Pleurot.,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 51, t. IM, f. 28. »Clarb: 5S. TABULATA (Pleurot.,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p.46, 2d edi- tion, p. 50, t. 17, £14. Claib. P. celata, Lea.—Cont. to Geol. S. TENELLA (Pleurot.,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. tot. lis t 226 f Vicks, S. Texana (Turris,) Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, Paove, i100; t. bh Texas. DRILLIA, Gray. 115, t. 11, £25. Vicks. 115, t. 11, f. 24. Vicks. LAVIs, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. Claib. Be Yb 124. Claib. D. MIsSISSIPPIENSIS (Pleurot.,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, py 115, t. UL Ee, Vicks. D? TANTULA (Pleurot.,) C_—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 115, t.11,£21. Vicks. D. Texana, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. Wheelock, Texas. MONILIOPSIS. Conrad. M. ELABORATA (Pleurot.,)—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 46, 2d edi- tion, p. 52, t. 17, f. 19. Claib. Turris retifera? Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. oto t. 61, f, 12a aiexcas: COCHLESPIRA, Conrad. C. cristata (Pleurot.,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 115, t.11, £20. Vicks. . ABUNDANS (Pleurot.,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1., 2d series, p. . EBOROIDES (Pleurot.,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1., 2d series, p. . Lonspauit (Pleurot.,) Lea—Cont. to Geol. p. 182, t. 4, f. 20 AMERICAN JOURNAL Turris cristata, Gabb.—Tbid., iv., p..378, t. 67, f. 8. C. ENGONATA, C.—Amer: Jour; Conch., 1865. . Claib.,; and Texas. CONORBIS, Swains. CONOIDES (Pleurc?.,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 51, t. 17, eas.” Claib. C. PORCELLANA (Pleurot.,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, pid4, t. 2a fale: Witelss: EXILIA, Conrad. HK. PERGRACILIS, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 291, t. 46, f 84. Texas. EUCHEILODON, Gabb. K. RETICULATA, Gabb—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. o00) t. O7,2.,18. ,, Dexas. SCOBINELLA, Conrad, August, 1848. S. CHLATA, C.—J. A. .N. Sciences, i., 2d ‘series, p. 120, t. 12, f. 8,9. Vicks. 5S? CRASSIPLICATA, Gabb.—J. A. N. Setences, iv., 2d series, p. S000) 67,f. 1O.qsBexag 5? LAWVIPLIcaTA, Gabb.—Jbid., f:20. Texas. TRITONIDA. SIMPULUM, Klein. Tritonium, Link., Triton, Lam. Q S. EXILIS, C—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p: 293, t. 47, f. 21. Alabama. SuseENus, EPIDROMUS, Klein. S. oTopsis, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 298, t. 47, f. 25. (autopsis err.) . SHOWALTERI (Triton,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p.292, t. 47; f. 11. ° Alabama. BUCCITRITON, Conrad. B. ALTUp, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, 1865. Texas. _B. sAGENUM, (Buecinum,) O—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 84. Claib. Nassa cancellata, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 165, t. 5, f. 170. B. TEXxANwUM, (Phos.,) Gabb. TRITONOPSIS, Conrad, T. SUBALVEATUM (Zriton,) C._—J.A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 20751. 41, foes a areles: DISTOR{TIO, Bolten. D. CRASSIDENS (Zriton,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 118-4 11.4 40;° Vaeke: OD) OF CONCHOLOGY. 21 Distortriz crassidens, C—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vii, p. 31. Supcenus, PERSONELLA, Conrad. D. SEPTEMDENTATA, Gabb.—J. A. N.. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 880, t. 67, f: 21. Texas, BURSA, Bolten. B. ABBREVIATA (Triton.,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, pellsy it 742> WVacks: B. MISSISSIPPIENSIS (Triton.,) C—TIbid,, f. 41. Vicks. $ANELLINA, Conrad. R. Machurut (Ranella,) C—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 55, t. 18 f. 9. Claib. RAGENELLA, Conrad. 5. BELLALYIRATA (Phos,) Gabb.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, 1861, p. 867.,~ Claib: S. Texana, C—-Amer. Joun., Conch., 1865. BUCCINID A. TRITEIARIA, Conrad. T. MISSISSIPPIENSIS (Buccinum,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. LLG iLike i. 23. Vicks! LAVIBUCCINUM, Conrad. . L. PRORSUM (Buccinum,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 45. Claib. PURPURID. LACINIA, Conrad. L. ALVEATA (Melongena,) C—A. J. Science, xxiii, p. 344.— Posse ouells ot Vert... o4,,t; 1p, t.2.- Cleib: Pyrula Smith, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 155, t. 5, £ 162. Lacinia alveata, C—Proceed. A. N. Sciences. CORNULIRIA, Conrad. CO. ARMIGERA (Monoceros,) C.—¥oss. Shells of Tert., p. 44. 2d edition, p. 37, t 15, f 12 Olaib. Fusus Taitii, Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 152, t. 5, f 159. C. CRASSICORNUTA (Melongena,) C——J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d Series, p..116, t-11,f.:31) ‘Vicks. SULCOBUCCINUM, D’Orbigny. SusGEeNnus, BUCCINORBIS, Conrad. . CARINATA, C., M.S., Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 081, t..67, f. 32. . FUSIFORMIS, C., M.S., Gabb.—Joérd., f. 30. . LINOSA, C., M.S., Gabb.—Joérd., f. 31.---Texas. . PERSPECTIVA, C., M.S., Gabb.—Jodid., f. 29. Jackson. ae}ime} | ole lac! 92 AMERICAN JOURNAL P. TUBERCULIFERA, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 294,t.47, £27. Alabama. lee verusta (Monoceros,) C.— —Foss. Shells of He ,p. 44. 2d edi- tion, p. 87, t. 15, £3. . Claib. Monoceros pyr uloides, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 161, t. 5, f. 166. M. fusiformis—l1 bid, CLG, : DACTYLIDA. LAMPRODOMA, Swains. L. ALABAMENSIS (Oliva,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 82. 2d edition, p. 41, t. 16, f. 3. Claib. O. Grenoughi, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 183, t. 6, f. 197. O. dubia, Lea.—Tbid., f. 198. L. BOMBYLIS (Oliva,) C.—Foss. Shellsof Tert., p. 32. 2d edition, p. 42, t. 16, f. 4. Claib. O. constricta, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 182, t. 6, f. 195. L. Graciuts (Oliva,) Lea.—Tbid., f. 196. Claib. L. MISSISSIPPIENSIS (Oliva,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1. 2d series, p. 119, t. 13, f. 6, 388... Vicks. L. Puruuipsit (Oliva,) Lea—Cont. to Geol. p. 184, t. 5, f. 199. Claib. ANCILLOPSIS, Conrad, 1864. A. ALTILE (Ancillaria,) C_—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 24, t. 10, face. Claib: Anolax gigantea, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 180, t. 6, f. 198. A. SCAMBA (Anevll.,) C—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 25, t. 10, f. 4, Claib. A. SUBGLOBOSA (Anceill.)—Tbid., f. 3. Claib. A. TENERA (Ancill.,) C_—Ibid., p. 42, t..16, f. 5. Claib. TORTOLIVA, Conrad. T. Texana, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. OLIVULA, Conrad. O? piicata (Anolax,) Lea—Cont. to Geol., p.181, t. 6, f. 194. Claib. QO, PUNCTULIFERA (Agaronia,) Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 381, t. 67, f. 22. Texas. O. sTAMINEA-—Foss. Shells of Tert. pi 2594910, fo: Claib. Anaulax staminea, C.—Proceed. ALN. Sciences, L857, Pp. 166. MONOPTYGMA, Lea. M. ALABAMIENSIS, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 186, t. 6, f. 201. M. crassipLica, O.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 384, te O01, 1. O05 yh exas: M. curta, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch. 1865. Claib. OF CONCHOLOGY. 23 M. LYMNEOIDES (Ancillarta,) C._—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 44. 2d edition, p. 42, t. 16, f. 6. Claib. FASCIOLARIID A. FASCIOLARIA, Lam, '? ELEVATA, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 143, t. 5, f. 148. Claib. B. BUSYCON, Bolten. NODULATUM (Fulgur,)C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, pe200. ivy puAl ee Tykoy f._. Vacke: B. SPINIGER (Fusus,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i, 2d series, p. i <q <<<< < Petty B32. Wicks: LATIRUS, Montfort. Suscenous, PERISTERNIA, Morch. PLICATUS (Fasciolaria,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 148, t. 5, t. 142. Claib. TURBINELLID A. MAZZA, Klein. Turbinella, Lam. . WILSONI (Turbinella,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1., 2d series, pe 120 AL2 fs las Vices: MAZZALINA, Conrad. . PYRULA, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 295. <Ala- bama. CORDIERIA, Rouatt. . GRACILIS, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, 1865. Claib. . Moore! (Fasciolaria,) Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 882, t. 67, f 27. Texas. . PEREXILIS (TJurbinella,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1., 2d series, pe 121, t. 13) 452.4 0 Vieks: }. PROTRACTA (Turbinella,) C_—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, pet2OF te ler iy is eV Gs, VOLUTIDA. VOLUTILITHES, Swainson. . CALIFORNIANA, C—Ex. and Surveys; Railroad Route to Pac; v., p/ 322, t. 276 9.) California. . DuMosA, C.—Wailes’ Geol. Miss., p. 16, f. 1. Jackson. . IMPRESSA, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. Texas. . INDENTA, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. Texas. , LIMopsis, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 292, t. 47, f. 24. Alabama. . PETROSA ( Voluta,) C_—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 29. 2d edition, p. 41, +. 16,£2. Claib. QA AMERICAN JOURNAL Voluta Vanuxemi, Lea——Cont. to Geol., p. 178, t. 6, f. 182. V. RUGATA, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, V1, ad series, p. 299, t. 47, f, 32. Alabama. . V. sayana ( Voluta,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 29. 2d edition, p. 41, t.16, £1. Claabs Voluta Defrancit, Lea—Cont.'to Geol., p. 171, t. 6, f£. 179. Voluta gracilis, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 172, t. 6, f. 180. 7oluta parva, Lea.—Cont. to Geol p. Lis, t: Gf ere V. symMMETRICA, C.—Wailes’ Geol. Miss., p. 15, f. 6. Jackson. Suscenus, ATHLETA, Conrad. V. Tuomeyi, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vi., 449. Alabama. Older iocenes i4 CARICELLA, Conrad. C. BOLARIS (Mitra,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 84. 2d edition, p.43;t 16°f"11. -Claib. Mitra Humboldtit, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 170, t. 6, f. 178. M. Parkinsonii, Lea—Cont. to Geol. ?. 175, t. 6, f. 184. ©, pEmMissa, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1., Od series, p. 1204. ai fo. Vicks, C. potiaTta (Mhitra,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 84. Claib. Voluta prisca, C—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 48, t. 16, f. 11. V. Cooperit, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 175, t. 6, f. 185. . Fiuemineit (Mitra,) Lea—TLbid., p. 170, t. 6, £177. Claib. Voluta striata? Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 174, t. 6, f 188. . PRHTENUIS (Turbinella,) C_—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 45, 2d edition, p. 44, t. 17, f.1. Claib. . PoLITA, C.—Wailes’ Geol. Miss., pl. xvi. f. 4. Jackson. . PYRULOIDES (Zwurbinella,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 24, tel Oma gO lanb. C. SUBANGULATA, C.—Wailes’ Geol. Miss., pl. xv., f. 8. Jack- son, Miss. EG) 4Q@ OTOCHEILUS, Conrad. O. NEREIDIS (Cythara,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, vi., 2d series, p. 2938. Alabama. O. MISSISSIPPIENSIS (Mulgoraria,) C.—J. A.N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 119, t.131. Vicks. MITRIDA. LAPPARIA, Conrad. L. pumosa (Mitra.,) C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vii, p. 260. Wailes’ Geol. Miss., pl. xv., f 4. Jackson, Miss. L. Moorreana (Mitra. .) Gabb. —J. ALN. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 383, t. 67, £1 24. ‘Texas. L. PACTILIS (Mitra.,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p: 46. 2d edition, p. 48, t. 16, f. 21. Claib. OF CONCHOLOGY. 95 Suscenus, CALLITHEA, Swains. M. extn, Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 388, t. 64,1. 23; Texas. FUSIMITRA, Conrad. F. CELLULIFERA, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 119, t: bef 3." Vieks: F. conquisita, C—J. A. N. Sciences, 1., 2d series, p. 119, t. 12, [eas 2 V rele: M. Millingtoni, C—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vii., p. 261. Wailes’ Geol., Miss., pl. xvi, f.5. Jackson, Miss. F? tingata (Mira.,) Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 168, t. 5, f. 174. Claib. F? mintma (Mira.,) Lea.—Tbdid,, t. 6, f. 175. Claib. EF? PEREXILIS (Mfitra.,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p.46. 2d edi- tion, p. 42, t. 16, f. 7. Claib. CONOMITRA, Conrad. C. FusompEs (Mira.,) Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 169, t. 6, f. 176. C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 42, t. 16, f 8. Claib. C. sTamMINEA (Dhira.,) C—J.A.N. Sciences, i. 2d_ series, p. HO tele tee. WICKS: C. VICKSBURGENSIS (MMitra.,) C_—Tbid., p. 120. MARGINELLID A. ERATO, Risso. EK. CRASSILABRA (Marginella,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., 38, 2d edition, p. 45, t. 16, f. 18. Claib. M. anatina, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 176, t. 6, f 186. E? constricta (Marginella,) C—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 46, te lO, & Lo. Claib: K. HUMEROSA (Marginella,) C—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 40, t. 16, f. 14. Claib. Marg. crassilabra, Lea:—Cont. to Geol., t. 6, f. 188. VOLUTELLA, Swains. V.LARVATA (Marginella,)C.— Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 38, 2d edi- tion, p. 40, t. 16, f. 12... Clarb. Marginella ovata, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 179, t. 6, f 191. Marginella semen, Lea.—Tbid., f. 190. CASSIDID At. SEMICASSIS, Klein. 5. BREVICOSTATA (Cassis,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, vii, p. 146. Claib. S. CHLATURA (Cassis,) C.—Ibid., i., 2d series, p. 119, t. 11,f. 44. Vicks. 26 AMERICAN JOURNAL S. MIssIssIPPIENSIS (Cassis,)C.—IJbid. p. 118, t. 17, f. 43. Vicks. S. NUPERA (Cassis,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 46. Claib. S? Sowers (Buccinum,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 164, t. 5, f. 169. Claib. S. Tartu (Cassis,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, vii., p. 145. Claib. GALEODIA, Link. G, LINTEA (Cassidaria,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. TLS) t. i, fA Vals G. TRICARINATA (Cassis,) C._—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, iv., p. 298. Vicks. Suscenus, GALEODARIA, Conrad. G. PeTERSONI, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vii., p. 262.— Wailes’ Geol., Miss., pl. xvii, fi 9. MORUM, Bolten. M. HARPULA (On‘scia,) C._—J. A.N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. AMOR te UD if. 6: Wieks, DOLIOPSIS, Conrad. D. TRICARINATUM, C.—Amer. Journ. Conch., 1865. SYCOTYPUS, Browne. S. PENITUS (Pyrula,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 32. Claib P. tricarinata, C., (not Lam.)—2d edition, p. 38, t. 15, f. 6. P. cancellata, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 154, t. 5, f. 160. P. elegantissima, Lea.—J bid., p. 155, t. 5, f. 161. 3. MIssIssIpPIENSIS (/usus,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, pe tiv. © Vieks. NATICIDAs. NATICA, Lam. . MAGNOUMBILICATA, Lea.—Jodid., p. 109, t. 4, f. 94. Claib. . MINIMA, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 107, t. 4, £91. Claib. MINOR, Lea.—Jbid., p. 107, t. 4, f. 90. Claib. . PERMUNDA, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vii. p. 260.— Wailes’ Geol. Miss., t. 16, f. 2. Jackson. LUNATIA, Gray. L? Atveata (Natica,) C—Ex. and Survey ; Pac. Railroad, v., p. 821, t. 2, f. 8. California. L. EMINULA (Natica,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 46. Claib. Natica parva, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 106, t. 4, f. 89. L. MAryLanpica, C.—Nov. Spec. L. MiIniMA (Natica,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 107, t. 4, f. 91. Claib. L. Mooret, Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 384, t. 67, f.34. Texas. Ze OF CONCHOLOGY. 27 L. SEMILUNATA (Natic1,) Lea— Cont. to Geol., p. 108, t. 4, f. 98. Claib. NEVERITA, Risso. N. arites (Natica,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 46. Claib. Natica mamma, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 109, t. 4, f. 95. N. ARATA, Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 384, t. OF; te 35. Texas. 8, t. 4, f. 92. Claib. N. timuLA (Natica,) C_—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 46. Claib. AMPULLINOPSIS, Conrad. A. MISSISSIPPIENSIS (Natica,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i, 2d Series, p.hl4, te 415.f 10... Vieks. NATICINA, Gray. N? MissIssIPpPIENsis (Natica,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1. 2d series, p. 118, t11,£ 81). Vieks: LUPIA, Conrad. L. PEROVATA (Ampullara,) C—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, ii1., p- 21. Claib. CATINUS, Klein. OC. ARCTATUS (Srgaretus,) C_—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 46. C. BILIX (Srgaretus,) C—A. J. Science, Xxiil., p. 344, Claib. C. DECLIVIS (Sigaretus,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert. , p. 40. C, MISSISSIPPIENSIS (Stgaretus,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series p.ditd, tL i O.> “Varela: SCALARIDA. SCALA, Klein. S. DORMITOR, C.—Nov. Spec. S. LINTEA (Scalaria,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 2d series, p. 294. Claib. S. QUINQUEFASCIATA (Scalaria,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 116. Claib. S. PLANULATA (Scalaria,) Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 115, t. 4, f. 102. Claib. Suscrenus, SCALINA, Conrad. 5. STAMINEA (Scalaria,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p- 294. Claib. S. TRIGINTINARIA (Scalaria,) C_—J. A. N. Sciences, i. 2d series, p.114, #011,¢, 145. Vicks. Suscenus, OPALIA, Adams. 5. SESSILIS (Scalaria,) C_—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 45. Claib. Scalaria carinata, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 116, t. 4, f. 103. 98 AMERICAN JOURNAL Suspcenus, CIRSOSTREMA, Adams. C. CLAIBORNENSIS, C.—Nov. Spec. C? nassuna (Scalaria,) C—Foss, Shells of Tert., p. 31. Claib. C, ocTOLINEATA (Scalaria,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, vi., p. 294. Miss. COMPSOPLEURA, Conrad. C. TRINoDosA (Chemnitzia,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 288, t. 47, f. 33. Alabama. TEREBRIDG. TEREBRA, Adanson. T. DIvisuRA, C.—J. A.-N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 114, t. 11) £13. Vicks. T. TANTULA, C._—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 114, t. 11, ato Vicks. T. vENuSTA, Lea. Cont. to Geol., p. 167, t. 5, f. 178. Claib. TEREBRIFUSUS, Conrad. T. AM@NA (Buccinwm,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert. p. 46. Claib. Terebra gracilis, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 166, t. 5, £171. Buccinanops amenum, D’Orbig.—Prodromus, i1., p. 369, t. 641, PYRAMIMITRA, Conrad. P. costata (Mitra,) Lea—Cont. to Geol., p-,,..66, t..5, £172. Claib. P. TEREBRIFORMIS (Jhtra,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1., 2d series, p. 182, t. 14, f. 30. Claib. OBELISCUS, Humph. O. LARVATUS (Pyramidella,) C—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 46. Acteon elevatus, Lea——Cont. to Geol., p. 118, t. 4, f. 98. A. pygmeus, Lea.—T bid., p. 114, t. 4, f. 101. O. MELANELLUS (Actwon,) LLea.—-Cont. to Geol., p. 118, t. 4, , 99." Clan: O. PEREXILIS, C._-_Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. Claib. O. pyammuS (Acteon,) Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 114, t. 4, fi 101. Claib. O? srriatTus (Acteon,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 114, t. 4, f. 100. Claib. CASLATURA, Conrad. C. sutcaTa (Pasithea,) Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 108, t. 4, f 84. Claib. C. sTRIATA (Pasithea,) Lea.—Lbid., p. 102, t. 4, f. 83. Claib. EULIMA, Risso. H. ACICULATA (Pasithea,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 102, t. 4, ff. 82. Claib. OF CONCHOLOGY. 29 EK. EXxILis, Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, 2d series, iv., p. 385, t. 67, f.43. Texas. H. tuGuBRIs (Pasithea,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol. p. 101, t. 4, f 81. Claib. KH. Norata (Pasithea,) Ibid, p. 101, t.4, £80. Claib. H. TENUA, Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 386, t. 67, f 450) Texas H. TeExana, Gabb.—Jdid., p. 386, t. 67, £44. Texas. KE. SECALE (Pasithea,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 100, t. 4, f. 79, Claib. Supepnus, PASITHEA. K. CLAIBORNENSIS (Pasithea,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol. D. 104, t. 4, f. 87. Claib. H. GUTTULA (Pasithea,) Lea—Tbid., p. 104, t. 4, £86. Claib. NISO, Risso. N. UMBILICATA (Bonellia,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, viii, p. 188, Claib. Pasithea umbilicata, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 108, t. 4, f 88, Claib. Niso umbilicata, D’Orbig.—Prodromus, ii., p. 318, t. 92. pve lineata, Creat N. Sciences, vii Lp: 188. CERITHIOPSID.A. CERITHIOPSIS, Forbes and Hanley. C. BICOSTELLATUS (Cerithium,) C.—J. A. N.Sciences, 2d series, 1, p. 129. South Carolina. C. CLAIBORNENSIS (Cerithium,) C.--Lbid., p. 182, t. 14, f 32. Claib. C. NASSULA (Cerithiwm,) C.-Ibid., p. 1382, t. 14, f. 82. Claib. O. SOLITARIA (Cerithiwm,) C.—J. ALN. Sciences, Vill, pe, ew 1, 2d series, p. 232, t.14, f. 28. Claib. ARCHITECTONICID A. ARCHITECTONICA, Bolten. A. ALVEATA (Solarium,) C.-—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 81. Claib. S. bilineatum, Lea.——Cont. to-Geol., p. 119, t. 4, f 106, A. AMENA (Sol,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p.44. Claib. A. AntRoSA ( Sol.) C.—ILbid., p. 81. Claib. A. CANCELLATA (Sol.) C.-—A. J. Science, xxii, p. 844. Claib. Lea.——Cont. to Geol. p. 121, t. 4, £110. A. ELABORATA (Sol.) C.—A. J. Science, xui., p. 844. Claib. A. EXACUUA (Sol.),C:——Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 44. Cloib. Delphinula plana, Lea.——Cont. to Geol., p. 117, t. 4, f. 104. A. FUNGINA (Sol.),C-—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 44. Claib. A. Hewrict (Sol.,) Lea——Cont. to Geol., p. 119, t.4, f. 107. Claib. 30 AMERICAN JOURNAL . MEEKANA, Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 385, . ORNATA (Sol.,) Lea.—-Cont. to Geol., p. 120, t. 4, f. 108. t. 67, £40, Texas. . PLANA (Delphinula,) Lea——Cont. to Geol. p. ge t. 4, f:/0Y . PSEUDOGRANULATA (Sol.) D’Orbig. ——Prodrom., nips 349, t, 292, -¢ @laiibs S. granulatt, Lea.——Cont. to Geol. p. 122, t. 4, f 111. 104. Claib. A. SCROBICULATA (Sol.,) C.——Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 44. Claib. A. STALAGMIUM (Sol.) C-——Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 44. Claib. S. elegans, Lea.—-Cont. to Geol., p. 121, t. 4, f. 109. A. TExAna, Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv.,2d series, p. 384, t. Oiji..08. Texas. A. TRILIRATA (Sol.,) C—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 113, 11,44 Vicks. A. VESPERTINA, Gabb.—Jdid., f. 39. Texas. SOLARJORBIS, Conrad. S. DEPRESSA (Delphinula,) Lea.——Cont. to Geol., p. 118, t. 4, f. 105% Claib. S. BELLA, C.—Noy. Spec. S. LINEATUS (Turbo,) Lea.—-Cont. to Geol., p. 126, t. 4, f 116. Claib. S. NITENS (Turbo,) Lea.-—Ib:d., p. 125, t. 4, £115. Claib. ORBIS, Lea. O. ROTELLA, Lea.—-Cont. to Geol., t. 4, f 112. Claib- CONIDA. CONUS, Lin. C. ALVEATUS, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865, p. 186. Vicks. C. @yratus, Morton._-Org. Rem. Cret. Group, p. 49, t. 10, f tS pus cast.) South Carolina. C. SAURIDENS, C.-—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 33. Claib. C. Claibornens's? Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 186. C. SUBSAURIDENS, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. C. ToRTILIS, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, p. 260. Wailes’ Geol., Miss., t. xv. f.5. Jackson, Miss. STROMBID. LEIORHYNUS, Gabb. L. CaLtForNica (Pleurotoma,) C.--Ex. and Surveys; Pac. Railroad, v., p. 322, t. 2, f. 11. - California. L. pRoRvuTA (Pleurotoma,) C.—-Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 51, t. 17; £15. Claibe L. crassilabris, Gabb. ——J. A. N. Sciences, i iv., 2dssenies, p. 402, t. 67, f. 60. >> PP OF CONCHOLOGY. 31 PLATYOPTERA, Conrad. P. EXTENTA (Aporrhais,) C.-Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vii.,’p: 260. Wai§les’ Geol. t. 16, f.-3. APORRHAIS, Petiver. Suscenus, ALIPES, Conrad. A. LIRATUS (Chenopus,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. AT, t D1, S80 Vicks, CALYPTRAPHORUS, Conrad. C. STAMINEUS (fostellaria,) C. --Proceed. A. N. Sciences, p. 260. Wailes’ Geol. Miss. t. 16, £9. Jackson. C. TRINODIFERUS, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 47, f. 29. Proceed. A. N. Sciences, 1857, p. 166. Alabama. Older Eocene ? C. VELATUS (Hostellaria,) C—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 31, 2d edition, p. 38, t. 15, £4. Claib. Fostellaria Lamarckii, Lean—Cont. to Geol., p. 158, t. 5, f. 164- Claib. RIMELLA, Agaz. R. LAQUEATA (Rostellaria,) C.--Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 41. 2d edition, p. 38, t. 15, f.5. Claib. Rost. Cuvieri, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 160, t. 5, f. 165° Rimella laqueata, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, 1857, p. 166. CYP AID: CYPRA@A, Min. Suscenus, CYPRAORBIS, Conrad. C. SPHEZROIDES, C.—-J. A. N. Sciences, 2d series, p. 11, t. 118, f-<6.) «Wicks: Suspcenus, SULCOCYPRAA, Conrad. = C. tintEA, C.--J. A. N. Sciences, 1., 2d series, p. 11, t. 1138, f. 7, and t. 18,;f. 4.” Vicks: CYPRADIA, Swains, C. FENESTRALIS, C.—-Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vii', p. 262-—— Wailes’ Geol. Miss’, t. 17, £5. Jackson, Miss. CANCELLARIDA. CANCELLARIA, Lam. C. ALVEATA, C.-—Foss. Shells of Tert., p.45. 2d edition, p: 44, thief 9.0 Olavb. C. sculpturata, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 140, t. 5, f. 137. C. BABYLONICA, Lea.——Cont. to Geol, p. 189, t. 5 f. 184.-- Claib. C. costaTa, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 141, t. 5, f. 140° Claib. 82 AMERICAN JOURNAL Supcenus, BABYLONELLA, Conrad. C. ELEVATA, Lea:—Cont. to Geol., p. 141, t. 5, £189. Ctaib. C. FUNERATA, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1., 2d series, p. 118, t. 11, f. 39. Vicks. C. GEMMATA, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 35, 2d series, p. 44, t. 1654; 10... Clai: C. tMpRESSA, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. Claib. C. LIRATA, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. Texas. C. MissIssIPPIENsis, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1, 2d series, p. LIS LIS, B84 a Mieks: C. MULTIPLCATA, Lea.—Cont to Geol., p. 139, t. 5, f. 185.— Claib. C. pARVA, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 142, t.5, f. 141. Claib. C. puicatTa, Lea.—Cont. to Geol.; p. 189, t. 5, f. 185. Claib. C. TESSELLATA, Lea.—Cont. to Geol. p. 140, t. 5, f 188.— Claib. C. TortipLica, C—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. Texas. CERITHIIDA. CERITHIUM. C? GEoRGIANUM, Lyell and Sowerby.—Jour. Geol. Soc. Lon- don, i. p. 481. Wilmington, N. C. C. stniceum, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, 1. 2d series, p. 129, t. 41, f. 1. South Carolina. VIVIPARIDAL. VIVIPARA, Mont. Vv? ————(Paludina,) Lyell.—Jour. Geol. Soc. London, i., p. 431. Wilmington, N. C. (VIVIPARA LYELLI, C.) TURRITELLID. TURRITELLA, Lam. . CHLATURA, C.— 5S. A, N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p, 114, t. 14, f. 16. South Carolina. . CARINATA, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 129,t.4,f12. Vicks. . HUMEROSA, C.——Trans. Geol. Soc. Philadelphia, p. 340, t. 15, f. 3. Piscataway, Maryland. . Mississiprensis, C.J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 114, t:. 11, £ 12. 5h Viel . Mopront,, C.—J. FA. ON. Sciences, yi... 22db ei 10) te Maryland. Claib. . NasuTA, Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 385, t. 167, £42". Texas . PRHCINCTA, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, 1864, p. 211, Alabama. . . UVASANA, C.—Ex. and Survey; Pac. Railroad Route, v., p. 82,1 t. 2,12. California. rot Volek le 3 ile eile fea lee lmfao = OF CONCHOLOGY. 33 MESALIA, Gray. M. ALVEATA (Turritella,) C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vii., p. 2638. Wailes’ Geol. Miss., pl. xvii, f. 7. Jackson, Miss. M. LINTEA, C.—Novy. Spec. Claib. M. osruta (Turritella,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p.45. Claib. T. lineata, Lea.—Cent. to Geol., p. 180, t. 4, f. 121. M. striata, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 131, t. 4, f. 122. M. venusta (Melania ?) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 85.— Claib. TENAGODA, Guettard. T. vitis (Siliiquaria,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 36. <A. J. Science, 1.. 2d series, p. 211, t. 1, f. 1 Claib. Siliquaria Cliirbornensis, Lea.—Cont. to Geol. p. 38, t. 1, fds ONUSTID 2. ONUSTUS, Humphreys. O. HuMILIS (Phorus,) C.—Proceed. A. N.Sciences, iii, p. 284. J. A. N. Sciences, 2d series. i) 116, t. 11, £46. Claib. O, RECLUSUS (Phorus,) C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vii. p. 262, % 17, t. 6. Jackson: CALYPTREV DAE: TROCHITA, Schum. T. ALTA, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vii., p. 259. Wailes’ Geol. Miss., pl. xv., f. 3. Jackson. T. TROCHIFORMIS (Infundibulum,) Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 96, fio, t.00. Claib. CRYPTA, Humph. C. DuMOSA (Crepidula,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, vii, p. 148- Claib. C. LIRATA(Crepidula,) C.—A. J. Science, xiii., p. 344. Claib. Crep. cornu-ar.etis, Lea.—Cont. to Geol. p. 97, +. 3, f 77. CAPULIDA. CAPULUS, Montfort. C. AMERICANUS, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vii. p: 259. Wailes’ Geol. Miss., pl. xv., f. 1. Jackson. COCHLOLEPAS, Klein. C. pyemM&a (Hipponyz,) Lea—Cont. to Geol. p. 95, t. 8, f. 75 Claib. TROCHID 4. , PLANARIA, Lea. P, niTENS, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 124. t. 4, £113. Claib. 34 AMERICAN JOURNAL UMBONIUM, Link. U. nANnus (Rotella,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 214, t. 6, f. 225, Claib. TUBA, Lea. T. ANTIQUATA (Littorina,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 35. Claib. T. striata, Lea—Cont. to Geol., p. 128, t. 4, f. 117. oi alternata : TL. sulcata, Lea.—(young shells) f 11S Ate FESSURELLID&. FISSURELLA, Lam. F. MIssIssIPPIENsis, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p: 113, asl at: DW icks} F. TENEBROSA, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert, p. 38. Claib. EMARGINULA, Lam. EK. ARATA, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 44. Claib. DENTALIID &. DENTALIUM, Lin. D. MINUTISTRIATUM, Gabb,—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 386, t. 67, f.46. Texas. D. MissIssIpPIENSE, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i, 2d series, p. DD ety dala Vela: D. THALLOIDES, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 34. Claib. D. alternatum, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p: 84, t. 1, f 2. D. TuRRITUM, Lea.—Jbid., p. 35, t. 1, f 3. CHITONID.. CHITON, Lin. C. ANTIQUUS, C.—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, vii., p. 263. Claib. C. EOCENENSIS, C.—Jbid., p. 263. ACT ZONID A. ACTON, Montfort. A. ANDERSONI, C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 117, t. tl fod. Vieks. A. IDONEUS, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 45. Claib. A. lineatus, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 112, t.4, f. 97. A. Pomitius, C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 45. Claib. Monoptygma elegans, Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 208, t. 6, f. 217. A. punctatus, Lea.—Jbid, p. 111, t. 4, f. 96. Claib. Suscenus NUCLEOPSIS, Conrad. A. COSTELLATUS, @.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 45. A. LATUS, C.—Amer. Jour. Conch., 1865. A. SUBVARICATUS (Acteonina,) C. Sy Avan, Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 294, t. 44, f. 22. Alabama. C. C. C. C. OF CONCHOLOGY. 85 CZ LATURA, Conrad. . STRIATA (Pasithea,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 102, t. 4, fi 88, Claib. RINGICULA, Deshayes. . BIPLICATA (Marginella,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 201, t. 6. f. 216, Claib. RINGINELLA, D’Orbigny. . MISSISSIPPIENSIS (Ringicula,) C_—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 117, t. 18, f. 36. Vicks. CYLICHNID A. CYLICHNA, Loven, 1840; CYLINDRELLA, Swainson, 1840. CRASSIPLICA (Bulla,) C.—J. A. N. Sciences, i., 2d series, p. 113; t. 11. f 5. - Wicks: DEKAYI (Bulla,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 200, t. 6, f. 215. Claib. GALBA (Volvaria,) C.—Foss. Shells of Tert., p. 34. Claib. Bulla St Hillarii, Lea. Cont. to Geol., p. 98, t. 4, £. 78! KELLOGII (Bulla) Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. 386, t. 67, f. 50. Texas. TORNATINA, Adams. . WETHERELLI (Actxon,) Lea.—Cont. to Geol., p. 215, t. 6, f 224. Claib. VOLVULA, Adams. . CONRADIANA, Gabb.—J. A. N. Sciences, iv., 2d series, p. Zour tcaol.. | Texas! . MINUTISSIMA, Gabb.—Jbid., t.52. Texas. PLEUROBRANCHID. OPERCULATUM, Lin. . PLANUTATUM (Umbrella,) C_—Proceed. A. N. Sciences, p- 259. Wailes’ Geol. of Miss. pl. xiv, f 1. Jackson. Addenda. RHYNCONELLA, Fischer. . WILMINGTONENSIS (Terebratula,) Lyell and Sowerby.— Quarterly Journal Geological Society, London, 1., p. 431. Wilmington, North Carolina. 36 AMERICAN JOURNAL DESCRIFTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF GONIOBASIS- BY JOHN G. ANTHONY. 1. G. TRANSLUCENS, Anthony.—-t. 1, f. 1, 2. Description —Shell ovate, bulbous, consisting of five convex whorls; or the upper ones sometimes flattened. Aperture ovate, slightly produced and angular at the base. Columella curved to the right below. Shell thin, translucent, smooth ; color light brown or yellowish, ornamented with two dark brown bands, which are very distinct both within and on the outside ; the upper one is visible on the whorls of the spire. Columella frequently tinged with brown. Length °7, breadth ‘35 of an inch. Habitat, Canada. This beautiful species is distinguished alike by coloration and texture from @. livescens, which it greatly resembles in form. (. Milesiz, Lea, is a larger, more inflated species. G. pulchella, Nob., is far more solid, and a narrower species. 2 G. INTERLINEATA, Anthony.—t. 1. f. 3. Description.— Shell thin, elongate, slender; of a greyish horn color, alternating with narrow, brown, hair-like lines, longitu- dinally and closely arranged ; whorls 7-8 subconvex, smooth ; sutures distinct; aperture small, elliptical, ashen gray within ; columella regularly rounded, much curved at base, and with a faint indentation or notch where the outer lip meets it. Length of shell -62 imch. Length of aperture -25 inch; breadth of shell -25 inch; breadth of aperture -15 inch. Habitat, Christy Creek, Indiana. A most beautifully delicate, slender species whose most prominent characteristic is indicated by its specific name. Upon a light grayish horn-colored surface we find narrow, brown, longitudinal, curved lines distinctly drawn. These are very. conspicuous under the microscope, and appear to be slightly raised. It bears a general resemblance to G. elata, Nob., and @. bicolorata, Nob., but its peculiarly varied exterior will at once distinguish it from either. I know of no other American species so marked.” OF CONCHOLOGY. 3T DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF GONIOBASIS. BY 8S. S. HALDEMAN. 1. G. GRAMINEA, Haldeman.—t. 1, fi 4. Shell fusiform, short, inflated, spire very obtuse; surface smooth, polished, brilliant green, with a light yellow sutural band; spire brownish. Whorls five, somewhat convex. Aper- ture large, rhomboidal, somewhat angular below, bluish within. Columella somewhat curved, tinged with brown. Length 56 inch., diam. 38 inch. Aperture ‘3 inch., diam. -2 inch. Habitat, unknown. This shell is very closely allied to G. Vauaiana, Lea; but that species is banded, and the spire is carinated; it has not the light sutural band which distinguishes graminea. 2. G. CATABAA, Haldeman.—t. 1, f. 5, 6, 7. Shell short conic, inflated, the whorls flat, the body convex, bright green, polished. Sutures well impressed. Whorls five or six, encircled in the middle with two raised lines. Aper- ture ovate, bluish and translucent within, acuminate below. Columella nearly straight. Some of the specimens are marked in the centre of the body whorl with two very narrow dark approximate bands. ; Length -63 inch., width -34 inch. Length of aperture ‘3 inch., width of ditto -17 inch. Habitat Catawba River, near Morgantown, North Carolina. This species is nearest related to G. proxima, Say, which inhabits the same river. It is, however, a wider, more inflated species than @. proxima. 38 AMERICAN JOURNAL DESCRIPTION OF NEW SPECIES OF STREPOMATID. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. GoNIOBASIS HALDEMANI, Tryon.—t. 1, f. 8. Melania acuta, Lea.—Bell, Canadian Nat. » pt. 8, p. 218. Lewis, Boston Proceed., Wis Paes Melania ewilis, Hald. — Adams, Moll, Vermont. Description —Shell narrowly atneaed| whorls nine, smooth, flat, the last subangulated at the periphery ; aperture small, subrhomboidal, lip slightly sinuous, columella, incurved ; color, light horn, not banded, yellowish within. Length 1 inch; diameter } inch. Habitat, Lake Erie, Lake Champlain. Observations—Resembles P. elevatum, Say, but differs in the aperture, is still more narrowly elongated, and the whorls more flattened, and is entirely without strie. In this last respect it differs widely from that species, and much resembles P. Con- radi, Nob. This species has long been known in our Cabinets as G. ew- this, of Hald., but does not resemble that species in the remo- test degree, as exzlis is wider, with more convex whorls, and a larger aperture. 2. PLEUROCERA ConrADI, Tryon.—t. 1, f. 9. Description —Shell Bae slewated, consisting of ten flat- tened whorls, narrowly but distinetly carinated and angulated on the periphery. The carinea are visible on each whorl of the spire above the suture. Upper whorls carinated. 'T'wo or three slight strize revolve on the body below the angle. Lines of growth curved, very crowded. Aperture small, ovate, ob- lique, shortly and rather widely anger shaped at the base. Color olive brown; carina yellow, with a yellowband below the sutures. Aperture and columella reddish Length 1 inch; breadth -25 inch. Length of aperture ‘25 inch; width of aperture ‘15 inch. Habitat, Tennessee and Alabama. Observations.—This species has been very extensively distri- buted by Mr. Anthony, as Melania pyrenella, Conrad, while Mr. Lea has regarded it as doubtfully identical with his elen- gatum. P. pyrenellum, as I have ascertained from an examination of the type pons is a very much wider species, measur- ing 14 inch long, by $ inch wide. It is of a light green color. OF CONCHOLOGY. 39 é DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF PHOLADID. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. NAVEA, Gray. 1. N. Newcomsil, Tryon.—pl. 2, f. 1, 2, 3. Description —Shell subglobose, obtusely rounded posteriorly, diagonally truncate anteriorly, the sinus formed by the two valves broadly cordate, exhibiting the interior. Surface di- vided in the centre by an impressed line from the beaks to the basal margin. The margin of the valve posterior to this line is almost regularly semicircular, and devoid of striae, ex- cept the growth marks. Anterior to the line the margin is diagonally emarginate, and the surface is covered with crowded shagrined radiating ribs. Margin of the hiatus thickened internally and denticulate. Apophysis long, blade shaped, curved forwards. Dimensions—Length -25 inch; width *30 inch; Diameter 25 inch. Habitat, Australia. Wesley Newcomb, M. D. My Cabinet, Cabinet of Dr. Newcomb. Observations —Three other species of Navea have been de- scribed; the N, nucivora of Spengler is longer than wide, with a very small hiatus, NV. tewwis, Gray is thin, and the anterior portion is only concentrically striate, instead of radiately ribbed. Our species is more nearly related to N. subglobosa Gray, but that shell may be distinguished from it by being longer than wide, with the hiatus nearly perpendicu- lar, its margin but little curved, and by the paucity of ribs anteriorly. PENITELLA, Valenciennes. 2. P. pARVA, Tryon.—pl. 2, f. 4, 5. Description.—Shell small, ovate, inflated, rather thick. Sur- face divided by an oblique impressed rib, posteriorly to which it is concentrically striate, while anteriorly it is radiately ribbed. The reflexed dorsal margins are each covered with a thick, irregularly shaped accessory valve, witha single central valve posterior to them. The latter is somewhat pentagonal, emar- ginate in front. Hiatus filled by a heavy callus, which juts out somewhat into a point or beak, instead of preserving a rounded outline. 40 AMERICAN JOURNAL Dimensions —Length 33 inch; width -50 inch; diameter ‘30 inch. Habitat, Lower California, in Haliotis —W. Newéomb, M. D. My Cabinet, Cabinet of Dr. Wesley Newcomb. Observations—Except in size this shell much resembles P. penita, Conr.; besides being much smaller than that spe- cies, 1t may be distinguished from it by its smaller anterior area, and its greater solidity. 3. P. curvaTa, Tryon.—pl. 2, f. 6, 7, 8. Description —Shell narrow, mnch lengthened, aacteeed posteriorly. Surface marked as usual in the genus, the area anterior to the furrow, comprising rather more than a third of the total width. Posterior to the furrow, the shell is curved downwards or upwards, and frequently to one side. Posterior margin reflexed. Posterior dorsal plate very small, somewhat pentagonal, pointed anteriorly. Dimensions —Lenegth *80 inch: width -70 inch; diameter ‘28 inch. abb. for) My Cabinet. Cabinet of Mr. Gabb. Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Observations—This species, which comes from a quite northern locality, is readily distinguishable by its narrow elongate form, and by its curiously curved posterior portion and minute accessory valve. These two new species of Penztel/a are particularly interest- ing additions to the Molluscous fauna of the West Coast, inas- much as they prove the genus to be larger than was supposed, and variable in size and other characters; and also that it in- habits a considerable extent of the coast. OF CONCHOLOGY. 41 OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENUS IO. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. The first species of this singular and beautiful genus was described by Mr. Say, nearly fourty years ago, asa Pusus.— He remarks, “From the name of the genus it might reasona- bly be supposed to be a marine shell, but it has never been discovered on the coast, and seems to be limited to a very small district of Holston River, in company with Unio cariosus, subtentus, Nobis; Melania subglobosa, Nobis, and no doubt other fluviatile shells) When the inhabitant becomes known it may authorize the formation of a new genus, but there ap- pears no character in the conformation of the shell that would readily distinguish it from Musus.” Mr. Lea, in describing Jo spinosa, remarks, ‘ Prof. Troost informs me that they are rare in the river, that they had been observed in the graves of the aborigines, and it was generally believed that these were ‘conch shells’ consequently coming from the sea, it was urged that the inhabitants who possessed them must have come over the sea. It does not appear that they had been observed in their native element, though living at the very doors of the person who had remarked them in the tumuli.’ Mr. Lea proposed the generic name Jo for these shells in 1831, and Swainson in 1840 called them Melafusus. Until the year 1860 only three species were known; in February of that year Mr. Anthony described, in the Proceedings of the Aca- demy of Natural Sciences, four additional species. Mr. Reeve published, in April of the same year, a magnifi- cent monograph of the genus in his Conchologica Iconica, adding four more species by Mr. Anthony, and one of his own. Mr. Lea has recently described eight species which he pro- poses to consider a distinet group of Jo, but I cannot distin- suish them from Plewrocera. The longer fuse, sharp lip and fragile texture of most of these species, “shows them to be im- mature shells, and in several instances I had do difficulty in proving them identical with mature shells described by Mr. Lea as Trypanostoma (—Pleurocera,) by means of series of speci- mens of different ages. Excluding these, twelve species have been described; of which we propose to retain five, regarding the others as sy- nonyms. Many naturalists consider the genus to be restricted to one 42 AMERICAN JOURNAL variable species, and cite the nearly uniform size of the shells, their similar ornamentation and restricted habitat as proofs of the correctness of their opinion; there appears to us to be a well founded division of the species into two groups, the one containing shells which are smooth or obscurely tuberculate, and the second those developing distinct spines. Endeavors have been made to connect Jo fluvialis and spi- nosa the respective types of the two groups, by series of speci- mens, but no fluvialis has been found with better developed protuberances than the shell described by Mr. Reeve as verru- cosa, Which is still a long way from the spinosa. In the young shells the differences are very much better Shown than in ma- ture individuals, and no one would think of connecting the quite young of the two species. There are very many groups in the other genera of Strepomatide, in which the species resemble one another quite as closely as in Jo; we may in- stance the close resemblance of Angitrema armigera, Dut- toniana and fasciolata; of verrucosa Raf., (nupera, Say,) and lima; of geniculata, salebrosa, and subglobosa; of Anculosa prerosa and teniata; of the species of Schizostoma ; of the heavy cylindrical Goniobases of North Alabama; and many like instances will readily occur to those who have studied the family. The following remarks on the species are illustrated by figures in most cases drawn from the original type specimens :* SMOOTH SPECIES. 1. Io FLUVIALIS, Say. . Plate 3. Fig. 1, typical ; fig. 2, variety; fig 3. verrucosa, Reeve. Our figures exhibit the extreme range of variation in form and ornamentation ; there is considerable variety in coloration, from light yellow, through various shades of light and dark ereen and brown, to black. Some specimens are beautifully banded. <A very dark colored shell, not half grown, was des- cribed by Mr. Lea as a distinct species, with the name of tene- brosa. ; He now agrees with me in considering it a synonym of flu- vialis. In the description he remarks, “It seems to me to be very distinct in color. The channel is more curved to the left and backward, than in Mr. Say’s species.” This distortion of the channel is of very frequent occurrence in the genus, sometimes giving it a spiral curve as in /o spiros- toma, Anthony, and sometimes, when twisted higher up, caus- ing a hump to revolve on the body whorl, as in lo gibbosa, Anthony. *T am indebted to the liberality of Prof. Jos, Henry, of the Smithsonian nstitution, for the opportunity of using these engravings. ’ OF CONCHOLOGY. 43 Mr. Lea upon instituting the genus Jo re-named the fluvialis as fusiformis, Lea, in accordance with a custom, very usual among naturalists, but very disreputable. He has recently done Mr. Say and himself the justice of restoring the original name,—an example worthy to be followed. The verrucosa of Reeve is founded on a beautiful specimen, but presents no claims to rank even as a variety. 2. Io INERMIS, Anthony. Plate 3. Fig. 4, typical; fig. 5, lurida, Anthony. This is a very distinct species, being larger and of heavier texture than fluvialis. The lurida differs only in color, being much darker. Mr. Anthony perfectly agrees with me in con- sidering it identical with cnermis. This shell is rather rare compared with fluvialis and spinosa, though Mr. Anthony states that he has observed some hun- dreds of them. lo inermis was first published in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1860, and Jurida in Reeve’s Monograph. SPINOSE SPECIES. 3. Io SPINoSA, Lea. Plate 4. Fig. 7, typical; fig. 8, gibbosa, Anthony ; fig. 9, recta, Anthony. Plate 3. Fig. 6, rhombica, Anthony. This species, originally described and figured in vol. v., Philosophical Transactions, has been well known to Concholo- gists for many years. The three synonyms were first pub- lished in Reeve’s Monograph. fo recta is a variety of very usual occurrence, and does not in any respect present distinct specific characters: rhombica is merely a half grown shell of the same general form. Mr. Reeve in describing gibbosa, says, “The gibbous ridge which encircles the lower part of the. body whorl of this species, ‘is not,’ writes Mr. Anthony, ‘a mere accidental abbera- tion, I have seen others like it.’” The extensive suite of specimens that I have examined con- vinces me, nevertheless, that the gibbous ridge 7s “a mere ac- cidental abberation,” being found in all stages of development on specimens of spinosa which are otherwise distorted in growth, but never on perfect, well grown specimens. 4. lo BREVIS, Anthony. Plate 4, Fig. 10, typical; fig. 11, spirostoma, Anthony. This heavy short species offers many points of difference from Jo spinosa. The texture, form, short wide channel and broad obtuse spines are all prominent, distinctive characters. Mr. Anthony 44 AMERICAN JOURNAL writes, “ Appears to be a rather common species in some locali- ties, of which I possess some hundreds of specimens.” The beautiful specimen which Mr. Reeve has described as To spirostoma is only a distortion of this species. I have seen several specimens which exhibit the same form of growth in a less marked degree. Mr. Reeve himself suspects their spe- cific identity. 5. Io TurRiTA, Anthony. Plate 4. Fig. 12, This species is certainly further removed from the ordinary type of /o than any of the others; its graceful, slender form, long spire of many whorls, and sharp spines, serve readily to distinguish it. Mr. Reeve’s fig. 19 8. of this species, does not represent it however, but is decidedly a spinosa. I have seen the original of this figure. The species is a rare one. Mr. Anthony possesses only the type specimen, but several fine individuals occur in Mr, Lea’s collection. A specimen is also in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences. OF CONCHOLOGY. 4 en NOTE ON THE BUCCAL PLATE (JAW,) IN CERTAIN GENERA OF THE FAMILY CYCLOSTOMACEA. BY THOMAS BLAND. Gray and l’feiffer arranged the Cyclostomacea in various subfamilies, mainly distinguished by ditferences in the charac- ters of the operculum. Troschel ( Gebiss Der Schnecken, part 1, 1856,) with especial reference to the form and arrangement of the teeth on the lngual membrane, and considerations as to the buccal plate, divides the Cyclostomacea examined by him into three families, embracing the following genera: ’ POMATIACEA.—Gen. Pomatias. CycLOTACEA.—Gen. Cyclotus, Craspedapoma, COyclophorus and Rhegostoma. CycLostoMACcEA.—Gen. Cyclostomus, Leonia, Chondropoma, Tudora, Choanopoma and Cistula. It is remarkable, and I believe not generally understood, that the buccal plate. is found in Pomatiacea and Cyclotacea, but not in Cyclostomacea. My attention was lately directed to this subject by my friend, Mr. Robert Swift, of the Island of St. Thomas, W. L., who sent to me specimens of the buccal plate, taken and prepared for microscopic examination by himself, from the animals of Cyclotus stramineus. and M. galo- mastoma cylindraceum. 'Troschel describes (p. 65) the jaw (kiefer) of Pomatias patulus as consisting of two thin lamine, having 20 parailel rows of rhombodial’ scales of yellowish color, directed obliquely from the upper towards the anterior margin, to which 14 of the rows extend, causing it to be irregularly serrated. ‘Towards the posterior margin the scales are less colored, more transparent, and disappear at some dis- tance from the margin of the membrane, on which they seem to be inserted. In the single rows, the scales are always quadrate, or rather rhombical, becoming shorter, but more elevated towards the anterior magin. The structure of the jaw in Cyclotacea, is said by Troschel (p. 66) to be entirely similar to that in Pomatiacea, indicating, as he remarks, a close relationship. He gives a figure (Taf. iv., fig. 8,) of the jaws of Craspedopoma lucidum, Lowe, ob- serving that it agrees completely in organization with that of Pomatias patulus. The jaw of Cyclotus stramineus, as shown by our figure 1. plate 5, accords with T'roschel’s description. Troschel (1. c. p. 68) states that he had examined species of 46 _ AMERICAN JOURNAL Cyclostomus and of the other genera comprised in his Fam. Cyclostomacea, but found no jaw existing. It is singular that Moquin-Tandom (JMoll. de France, I1., p. 891) in describing his Fam. Orbacés, in which are embraced the species of Cyclostomus, (sulcatus and elegans,) and of Pomatias, occurring in France, gives as one of the characters “Machoire nulle;” he was correct, it would appear, as re- gards Cyclostomus, but in error as to Pomatias. The characters of the jaws are peculiar. It may be noticed that Megalomastoma is placed by Pfeiffer in his Subfam. Pupinea, with Registoma (Rhegostoma, Troschel, which, as shown above, is included by Troschel in Cyclotacea. An examination of the jaw of Cataulus and other genera em- braced in Puynea may lead to interesting conclusions. The alliance of Megalomastoma and Cyclotus, as regards the form and arrangement of the teeth on the hngual membrane, is shown by figure 2, plate 5, from examples of Megalomastoma cylindraceum, for which I am also indebted to Mr. Swift. The characters of the operculum in the Cyclostomacea are doubtless of value in classification, but a complete examina- tion of the animals will probably lead to modifications of the methods adopted by Gray and Pfeiffer. The presence or absence of the jaws would seem to be of equal, if not of more characteristic value than differences in the operculum. Troschel states that in the Fam. Helicinacea no jaw exists. Whether it is found or not in the Fam. Proserpinacea, I am unable to say. Norr.—The figures are from drawings made by Mr. Edward §. Morse, of Gorham, Me., to whom, for his skill and care, in making the necessary microscopic examination of the objects, lam under much obligation, OF CONCHOLOGY. 47 NOTE ON THE JAWS OF HELICES. BY W. G. BINNEY. In examining the jaws of the North American Helices, I have been struck with the want of uniformity in the number and disposition of the ribs on the anterior surface in different individuals of the same species. To call attention to the sub. ject, and guard against too much reliance on the number of ribs as a specific character, I have here figured (plate 6, figs. 2, —10,) the jaws of nine inviduals taken at random, from a number of Helix tryoni, Newc., received from Dr. J. G. Cooper. All the individuals were apparently mature. I mention this as in his work on the Mollusks of France, Moquin-Tandon remarks that young individuals of the genus Helix have fewer ribs upon the jaw than adult, or aged ones, that the central ribs appear first, their number increaing from the centre towards the extremities, so that the appear- ance of the denticles on the margin of the jaw follows the same order as prevails in the dentition of the superior verte- brates. He also observes that in the case of some species furnished with but few, widely separated ribs, there are accessory, but not very prominent ribs formed in the intervals, when the animal becomes aged. The arrangement of the ribs in the jaws figured does not seem to be governed by these laws. Fig. 1 represents the shell of the species from which the jaws were taken. This and the other figures are used by Iermission of Prof. Henry in anticipation of the Smithsonian pnstitution’s work on the Land and Fresh-water Shells of North America. 48 AMERICAN JOURNAL DESCRIPTION OF THE GENUS ARIOLIMAX, MORCH*. BY W. G. BINNEY. Plate 6, Figures 11, 12, 13. Body attenuated towards the posterior extremity, which 1s carinated strongly. Surface with oblong tuberosities. Mantle anterior bluntly truneated before and behind, minutely granu- lated, free at the front and sides, attached posteriorly, con- taining a testaceous rudiment. Longitudinal furrows along the sides above the foot. Locomotive disk? Respiratory orifice at the posterior third of the shell. Anal orifice? Orlfice of the generative organs—? A caudal mucus pore. Testaceus rudiment hexagonal longer than wide, ends pointed acutely, not spiral. Jaw arcuate, with numerous crowded antenor ribs, denticu- lating the concave margin. Lingual membrane, (of A. Columbianus,) very broad and long, composed of about 120 rows of teeth, each row contain- ing 113 teeth, 56-1-56. Central teeth, large, with a long medean cusp. Side cusp obsolete; lateral teeth bicuspid, the inner cusp longer and more slender than the outer, and becoming proportionally still more slender and lengthened as the teeth are modified in passing off laterally. This genus is founded on the large species inhabiting the Pacific States, known as Limax Columbianus. It is readily distinguished from Ar.on by its internal shelly plate, and the position of the respiratory orifice; from Limax by its dentate jaw. The only species of Geomalacus yet known has an internal plate, but its respiratory orifice 1s much more anterior. The figures are used by permission of Prof. Henry, in ad- vance of the “ Landand Fresh-waterShells of North America,” being prepared by the Smithsonian Institution. * Mandidulum costatum; porus caudalis Arionis; corpus postice carinatum; orificium respiration in tertia parte postica clypei situm, Testa interna hexagonalis.—Morch. Matak, Blatt. yi., 110, OF CONCHOLOGY. 49 DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN LAND AND FRESH WATER SHELLS. BY W. G. BINNEY. The following descriptions are published in advance of the work on the North American Land and Fresh Water Shells, being prepared for the Smithsonian Institution. Prof. Henry has kindly permitted the use of the figures engraved for that work. VIVIPARA INORNATA, Binney.t. 7, f. 1. Description—Shell minutely perforated, globose-conic, thin, smooth, polished, lines of growth extremely delicate on the body whirl, imperceptible above; color uniformly greenish or pale olive, unadorned with any revolving lines; the suture unpressed, spire short, conical; apex acute, distinct, not trun- cated, whirls regularly increasing, inflated, the last globose, equalling about two-thirds of the shell’s length; aperture oblique, rounded, large ; lp continuous in one plane ; peristome thin, acute, continuous; columellar extremity appressed to the body whirl, almost entirely concealing a minute umbilicus ; parietal wall of the aperture covered with athin, shining, color- less callus. Leneth of axis 19 mill. breadth 17 mill. Habitat, near Chopatilo, Mexico. It isafter a very careful examination of the specimens brought from Chopatilo, that I have decided to propose for them a specific name. Having submitted them to several experienced Conchologists, I find my decision approved by them. It can be compar red with no known American form. The smooth, polished surface, unbroken by revolving lines, the pale olive color and acute apex, are the more prominent features of it. About a dozen specimens were brought. On one is an obtuse, ill-defined carina on the middle of the body whirl. MELANTHO DECAMPI, Currier.—t. 7, f. 2, 3. Description.—Shell ovate, ‘sae imperforate, rather thick, irregularly roughened by occasional coarse wrinkles of growth, decussated by delicate revolving and longitudinal strize ; green- ish olive, with revolving dark broad lines when young, darker when old; suture impressed, spire elevated, but truncated ; remaining whirls, three, of which the two upper are flattened, the lower sub-convex, with a median obtuse carina, reaching to 50 AMERICAN JOURNAL and modifying the peristome; aperture higher than broad, roundly lunate, produced below ; bluish within; peristome simple, acute, sinuous, angular above at the termination of the carina. Greater diameter, including aperture, 22 mill.; length, 36 mill.; length of the aperture, 20 mill; diameter, 10 milli metres. Opereulum horny, concentric. Habitat, Huntsville or Stevenson, Alabama.—Dr. W. H. DeCamp, 1st Michigan Vol. Engineers. This species was given me by Mr. A. O. Currier, of Grand Rapids, Michigan, w ho suggested its bearing the name of its discoverer. About a dozen specimens were collected. All but the one drawn in plate 7, fig. 3 could not be distinguished from Melania without the presence of the operculum, thus furnishing another example of the impossibility of ascertaining from the shell alone the generic position of some species. It is probable other species of Melgntho have been described as Melanie. Fig. 2 was photographed from nature on wood. It repre- sents the largest and oldest specimen. Fig. 3 is drawn from a younger individual. CYLINDRELLA COAHUILENSIS, Binney.. 7, fi 4, 5d. Descript‘on.— Shell rimate, cy Fees ventricose, thin, smooth or delicately striate on the upper whirls, strongly ribbed on the last two; white, composed of twelve ventricose or flattened whirls; apex obtuse, shining, upper three whirls of about equal diameter and smooth, the next four rapidly increasing in width and striate, the next whirl the widest of all and smooth, the remainder very rapidly decreasing in diameter towards the attenuated base; last whirl with about ten elevated ribs, not carinated below, and appressed against the shell so as hardly to be rimate, until extended beyond it, and ending in a continuous peritreme expanded around the subquadrate aperture. Greatest diameter, 7; leneth, 29 millimetres. Habitat, Cienga Grande, Coahuila. Four specimens are pre- served in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution. Plate 7, fig. 5, is an enlarged view of the apex of this spe- cies. It belongs to the sub-genus Gongylostoma. Genus CARINIFEX, Binney.—t. 7, f. 6, 7. Description —Jaws—? Trae membrane—? Tentacles—? Mantle—? Shell, dextral, spiral, somewhat triangular, strongly cari- OF CONCHOLOGY. le nated, deeply and widely umbilicated, horn-colored, spire flat- tened, terraced, last whirl triangular, strongly carinated above ; aperture small, wide above, narrowed, acute below; inner lip with a thin callus; outer lip simple, sinuous, angular. In the catalogue of North American Pulmonates, published by the Smithsonian Institution, December 9th, 1863, I pro- posed the generic name Car¢nifex* for a shell described as Planor- bis newberryi, Lea,(Proceedings Philadelphia Academy Natural Sciences, 1854, p. 41.) It 1s somewhat related to Taphius, but has not the excavated upper surface or rounded whirls of that subgenu*, and the aperture is below the plane of the whirls. ‘T'wo species of the genus have been described, C. newberry?, and C. brewert, Newcomb. The latter.may prove but a variety of the former. In the Smithsonian Institution’s col- lection are specimens from Klamath Lake, Canoe Creek and Clear Lake, California. BULINUS BERLANDIERIANUS, Binney.. 7, f. 8. Description. — Shell cylindrical, smooth, whitened, rather thick; whirls five, the upper ones narrowly flattened, the lower ohe comprising more than 15-17 of the whole length of the shell; quite compressed; aperture very long, narrow; columella simple, with a light cailus. Length of the shell 17, greatest breadth 8, of aperture length, 14, breadth 4 millimetres. Habitat, Texas, in the region of Metamoras. Six specimens were presented to the Smithsonian Institution by Gen. Couch, among the shells collected by Berlandiere. This species resembles Bulinus elatus, Gld., more than any other known to inhabit North America. But that species is very much thinner and delicate, has a longer, more pcinted spire, a shorter aperture and more convex body whirl. Fig. 9 is drawn from the largest American specimen of the widely distributed Bulinus hypnorum. It shows how slight is the resemblance to that species in B. berlandiertanus. * Subsequently, (January, 1864,) Mr. Tea proposed the generic name Megasystropha forthe same shell, (Proceedings Philadelphia Academy, 1864, p. 5). AMERICAN JOURNAL Oo Lo DIAGNOSES OF NEWLY DISCOVERED GENERA OF GASTEROPODS, BELONGING TO THE SUB-FAM. HYDROBIINEA, OF THE FAMILY RISSOIDA. BY DR. WILLIAM STIMPSON. COCHLIOPA.* Shell depressed-conic; base concave, carinated ; umbilicus large and deep; aperture oblique. Operculum thin, corneous, subspiral. Rostrum of moderate size; tentacles rather long, tapering. Verge geniculated and bifid, the inner branch being very small, less than one-fourth the size of the outer and arising at the inner anele of the geniculation. Lingual dentition of the typical species:—Rhachidian tooth short and broad, armed with two denticles on each side of the base, and eleven denticles at the cusp. Intermediate tooth with a long peduncle and square body, having a cavity in the centre; cusp with eight denticles. Lateral teeth with an expansion of the inner side of the shank, separated from the sammit by a deep rounded sinus; inner lateral with eighteen, outer one with twenty-four denticles at the summit. Station.—FK resh water. Distribution —California. Type, C. RowELuil. Amanicola Rowellii Tryon,Proc. A. N. Sciences, Philadelphia, 18638, p. 147, pl.i., f. 8, 9—Clear Lake, California. FLUMINICOLA. Shell comparatively large, obliquely ovate, thick, smooth, imperforate; spire short, obtuse; aperture ovate, inner lip flattened, callous; outer lip effuse and projecting anteriorly, so that the peritreme is not in the same plane. Operculum corneous, subspiral. Foot short, broadly rounded behind. Tentacles tapering. Rostrum large. Verge compressed, with a broad, semicircular, laminiform expansion or wing at the left side. Lingual ribbon (of type) with the rhachidian tooth twice as broad as long, and trilobate below ; cusp armed with five den- ticles; basal denticles, three on each side. Intermediate tooth * Kéyais, cochlea parva ; smn, foramen. OF CONCHOLOGY. 53 armed with six denticles at the summit; inner lateral with ten, outer lateral with seven. | Ova deposited in circular groups, enclosed in a common corneous envelope or capsule. Station.—F resh water. Distribution —Oregon and California. Type, F. NUTTALLIANA. . Paludina nuttalliana Lea—Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vi., LoS ps tOL, ply sxx a1 O9! The Paludina v.rens Lea, P. nuclear Lea, P. seminalis Hinds, and Amnicola Hindsii Baird, will fall into the same genus. GILLIA. oo Shell rather large, subglobular, thin, subperforate, smooth ; spire small; suture not impressed; aperture large, broad, ovate, oblique, with the outer lip thin, acute, and not pro- jecting anteriorly. Operculum subspiral, thin, corneous, regularly ovate. Foot oblong, broadly rounded behind, and strongly auricu- lated in front. Rostram rather large. Tentacles tapering, pointed. Verge small, simple, lunate. Lingual dentition of type:—Rhachidian tooth deeply trilo- bate below, with the outer angles much produced; cusp with nine denticles ; basal denticles two on each side, rather close to the basal margin, and projecting beyond it. Intermediate tooth with the body subrhomboidal, shehtly excavated at the middle, and the peduncle as long as the body, but only half as broad. Inner lateral tooth with fourteen denticles; outer lateral with ten. ' Ovacapsules hemispherical, each containing but one egg, and deposited singly or in groups, or linear series. Station—F resh water. Distribution.—N orth America, east of the Alleghanies, from Pennsylvania to Georgia. Type, G. ALTILIS. Melania qiltilis Lea, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vii, 1848, p. 174, pl. v., f. 23. POTAMOPYRGUS. Shell ovate-conic, imperforate ; apex acute; whorls coronated with spines; outer whorl nearly two-thirds the length of the shell; aperture ovate, outer lip acute. Operculum corneous, subspiral. Foot rather short for the length of the shell, broadest in front and strongly auriculated. Tentacles very long, slender, and tapering. Hyes on very prominent tubercles... Rostrum of moderate size. 54 AMERICAN JOURNAL Lingual dentition of type :—Rhachidian tooth trapezoidal, with the inferior or basal margin nearly straight, only faintly trilobate; cusp with nine denticles; basal denticles minute, four in number on each side, close to the lateral margins. In- termediate tooth with the peduncle very long, three times as long as the body and constricted at its juncture therewith; body subrhomboidal and excavated in the middle ; cusp with eleven , equal denticles. Lateral teeth constricted near the summits; inner lateral with fifteen denticles at the summit; outer lateral with the summit broad, shaped hke-a chopping-knife, and armed with twenty denticles. Station—Fresh water. Distribution—New Zealand. Type, P. coROLLA. Amnicola corolla Gould, U. 8. Expl. Expedition, Moll. 1852, p. 129, pl. 1x, f 149, a. ¢. TRYONIA, Shell perforate, elongated, turreted, subnlate, acute at sum- mit and rather pointed at base; surface longitudinally ribbed or plicated, not spinous; whorls numerous, shouldered ; aper- ture small, oblique, rhombo-ovate, somewhat pointed, sinuated and effuse at base; outer lip thin and sharp, projecting below; inner lip appressed to the whorl above; peritreme continuous. Station.—F resh water. Distribution —Southern California. Type, “Tl. CLATHRATA, Nov..sp:, pl. 3, a Description—Whorls eight. Longitudinal ribs variable in number, usually about twelve to each whorl. Surface other- wise smooth, or marked with delicate incremental striz. There is no trace of revolving lines or striae. Length 0-2 inch. The specimens described-are in a semi-fossilized condition, mostly white, though not chalky, but with an ivory-like hard- ness. Some of themare translucent, looking as if silicitied. From the circumstances under which they were found, how- ever, it is probable that the species existed within a very recent period, if not indeed now living. Large numbers of specimens were found, in company with other dead fresh water shells, in the Basin of the Colorado Desert, by Mr. Wm. P. Blake. This basin is the bed of an ancient lake, now dry. or | OF CONCHOLOGY. ON CERTAIN GENERA AND FAMILIES OF ZOOPHAGOUS GASTEROPODS. BY DR. WILLIAM STIMPSON. Fam. CYSTISCID At. The characters of the soft parts, in the the new genus des- cribed below, seem to warrant the establishment of a distinct family for its reception, notwithstanding the great similarity to the Marginellidze shown in the shell and lingual dentition. CYSTISCUS, nov. gen.—pl. 8, f. 2. Shell (plate 6, fig. 2, a, b,) resembling that of some Marginelle or Persicule, small, thin, ovate, inflated, smooth and polished; spire very short, but distinct; suture not impressed, but filled up with a clossy deposit of shelly matter; aperture narrow ; columella with plaits on the anterior half. Foot (fig. 2. d,) elon- gated, narrower than the shell, and truncated in front : head oblong, depressed, bifurcated in front to form the short, trian- cular, flattened and horizontal tentacles; eyes at the lateral margins of the head, a little behind the bases of the tentacles; mentum as broad as the head, but not extending beyond the tips of the tentacles. Teeth of the lingual ribobn (fie. 2.¢,) in a single row, 0° 1:0, and resembling in form the rhachidian teeth of the Muricidze*, thick and strong, with seven unequal, conical denticlest on its upper surface, “of which the central, and two outer ones on either side are large, and project slightly beyond the anterior margin. In the examination of the living animal, it was unfortuna- tely not determined whether the shell is covered externall by an expansion of the mantle as in the Marginellidze, but this is probably the ease, judging by the character of the surface of the shell and the filling up of the suture. This pallial en- velope, if existing, must be very thin and delicate, and not ornamented with tubercles or fringes, otherwise it would not have easily escaped observation. The form of the respiratory siphon also remains to be ascertained. CYTISCUS CAPENSIS, sp. unica, nov. (plate 8, fig. 2, Shell four-whorled, white, translucent ; the contained bluish viscera showing through in living examples. Columella with * As restricted further on, to Murex, Trophon, etc. + There were eight denticles in the specimen figured, producing a want of symmetry doubtless merely accidental. 56 AMERICAN JOURNAL four-folds beside that forming its basal extremity or truncation. Foot lemon yellow; eyes minute, dark reddish. Length of the shell 0-14; width about 0°10 inch. Found on Gorgonize dr aio by the writer from a rocky bottom in 20 fathoms, in False Bay, Cape of Good Hope, North Pacific Expl. Expedition, Com. C. Ringgold, U.S. N. Commanding. Fam. MURICID. This group has been used with several very different limita- tions by recent malacological writers, and requires careful re- vision, toward which we have some suggestions to offer. Woodward * includes in the family the genera JMurea, Typhis, Pisania, Ranella, Triton, Fasciolaria, Turbinella, Can- cellaria, Trichotropis and Fusus (= Colus.) H. & A. Adamst include Murex, and its recent subdivisions ( Chicoreus, Phyllono- tus, Vitularia, Ocinebra, Muricidea, etc.,) san pe Pusus (= Co- lus,) ) Neptunea, Clavella, Pisania, Metula, Cassidulus, Hemifusus, Cantharus (—Pollia,) Tritonidea and Buthria. Grayt assigns to the family his groups, Muricina, Colusina, Pisaniana, (in- cluding Columbella and Hngina,) Cominellina, Nassina and Phosina. Carpenter§ restricts it to the genera J/urex and its allies, Trophon, Fusus (—Colus,) Chrysodomus (—Neptunea,) Clavella, Pisania, Engina, Cominella, Metula and Anachis. We thus have representatives of ten families (Muricide, Buccinide, Cassidulidee, Nassidze, Columbellide, Fasciolariide, Turbinellide, Trichotropide, Cancellaride: and Tritonide,) and of three distinct suborders, (Hamiglossata, Toxoglossata and T'aenioglossata,) referred to the Muricidz by one or other of the different authors quoted. From this long list we will proceed to eliminate as follows : —The reference “by Woodward of the Taenioglossate Ranella Triton, Trichotropis and Pyrula (—Ficula, Sw. ,) and of the Toxoglossate Cancellaria to the group is not surprising, since the importance of the characters of the lingual dentition in classification was not generally understood at the time when the first part of that author’s excellent and comprehensive work was published. The same remark will apply to the Odontoglossate Fasciolaria and Turbinella, which have been since referred to their proper place by H. & A. Adams, Gray and Carpenter. But the family, as understood by these three authors, re- * Manual of the Mollusca, 1851, p. 106. } Genera of Recent Mollusca, I., 1853, p. 70. { Guide to the Syst. Distr. of Mollusca, 1856, p. 11. § Lectures on Mollusca, 1861, p. 27. OF CONCHGLOGY. Bi quires still further reduction. Colus, as we have recently determined by the examination of the teeth of a species allied to the type, Musus colus Lam., belongs to the Fasciolaride, Bullia, Nassa, Phos, and their allies, included in the group by Gray, have been very properly separated by H. & A. Adams ‘and Carpenter. Cassidulus and its allies, included by H. & A. Adams, is properly separated by Gray and Carpenter. Certain Columbellide included by Gray and Carpenter, are properly separated by H. & A. Adams. The Columbellidee have, in their unarmed rhachidian and claw-shaped lateral teeth, a pecu- lar and singularly constant type of lingual dentition*, which forbids the dismemberment of the group on account of differ- euces in the shape of their opercula. We have then remaining to the family the genera Murez, Typhis, Trophon, Neptunea, Strombella, Clavella, Pisania, Pollia, Tritonidea, Engina, Metula and Futhria, none of which have been referred to any other family by the most recent scientific authors. Among these, however, we find two dis- tinct types of lingual dentition. 1. In Murex and the two genera following, the lingual rib- bon (plate 8, fig. 8,) is very small; the rhachidian tooth is thick and solid, somewhat like a section of a prism, with the denticles projecting from the anterior edge of the convexity of the upper surface ; while the lateral teeth are always simple, with but a single dentiform lobe arising from the base of at- tachment. 2. In Neptunea and the six genera following, the lngual ribbon (plate 8, fig.4,) is much larger and broader in propor- tion; the rhachidian tooth is flat and lamelliform, with denti- cles arising directly from the anterior margin; while the lateral teeth are each armed with at least two strong dentiform lobes. This dentition closely resembles that of the Buccinide. There is thus a far greater difference between the dentition of the Murex-group, and of the Neptunea-group than between that of this latter group and that of the Buccinide. We therefore propose to restrict the limits of the family Muricidz to the genus Murex and its allies, and to place the Neptunes etc., in the family Buccinide as a sub-family Neptuniine. The dentition of Metula and Euthria is as yet unknown, so that their true place remains uncertain. After so wholesale a depauperization of the family Muri- cidee, we can dono less than endeavor to make amends by seeking for the genera which, though properly belonging to it, may have been wrongly placed i in other families. *See Moerch’s investigations upon the lingual teeth of the Columbellide. Journal de Conchyliologie, VIL., 1858, p. 254. : 58 AMERICAN JOURNAL Asa commencement of this portion of the work, we may mention the group of shells of minis the Ranella caudata of Say, and the &. muriciformis of Broderip are examples, which was named Hupleura by H. & A. Adams,* as a sub- genus of Bursa (Ranella). This group, which forms a good genus, proves to be nearly allied to Ocmebra. We add a figure of the lingual dentition of FH. caudata. (plate 8, fig. 5.) To the Muricidze we have also the following genus to add, which appears to have as yet received no name. UROSALPINX,} nov. gen. Type, U. CINEREA. Fusus cinereus Say, Amer. Conch., pl. xxix., the two mid- dle figures. Shell elongated oval, or short fusiform, longitudinally ribbed or undulated and spirally striated; aperture with a short canal. Operculum somewhat like that of Purpura, semi-cor- date, with the nucleus at the outer edge a little below the middle. Lingual dentition (plate 8, fig. 6) nearly like that of Trophon, the lateral teeth having an elongate base of attach- ment; but the rhachidian tooth has numerous minute denticles between the principal ones, corresponding to ridges on the surface of the tooth, as in the Murices. Ova-capsules (fig. 7) oblong, shouldered, widest near the summit, compressed, cari- nated on either side, peduncle short ; base of attachment very small; aperture median at the summit. Tt differs from ophon in its operculum, and from Ocinebra in its smoother shell, want of varices, and open canal. * Genera of Recent Mollusca, I., p. 107. It is doubtful whether we are required to adopt the name Eupleura, and several others among the names given by H. & A. Adams to groups of shells supposed to be of generic value. For, in the cases referred to, the authors cannot strictly be consi- dered to have given a determinable type or example, which is necessary tor the acceptance of a generic name by the scientific world. They indeed give a list of species, with authorities, but without references to descrip- tons, and with no mention of the genus to which the species was origi- nally referred. For instance, the first species of Eupleura mentiored is simply ‘‘ caudata, Say’? ; but we may search in vain through Say’s works for any such name as ‘‘ Euplewra caudata,” or even ** Bursa caudata.’? Out of courtesy, indeed, many of the names so proposed by H. & A. Adams will be adopted when the genera prove to be good, if collateral knowledge enables us, as in the present instance, to form a tolerably correct surmise as to the type; butit is highly desirable that the typical species should be much more clearly indicated in fulure. } Olp2, cauda; carne, buccina. {In the form of the ovacapsules we find an important difference between the Muricide and the Buccinide. In the former group they are more or less pedunculated and erect, while in the latter they are flattened, discoidal, adhering by the broad flat base, and generally occur piled upon one another in masses. ' OF CCONCHOLOGY. 59 The typical species has been considered by some as a Fusus, on account of the length of the canal, by others as a Buceinum, on aecount of the form of the operculum. It is described by Gould in the “Invertebrata of Massachusetts,” under the name of Buccinum plicosum. Its dentition proves it to belong to the Muricidz. It is littoral in its habits and is found on the Eastern coast of the United States, from Maine to Florida. Fam. PTYCHATRACTIDA. rn This new group is proposed for the reception of the follow- ing genus, which will not fall into any of the Hatiglossate families as yet named. Its dentition resembles that of the Purpuridz more than that of any other family, but the form of the shell and operculum forbid its approximation to that group. PTYCHATRACTUS*, nov. gen. Type, P. LIGATUS. Fasciolaria ligata Mighels & Adams. Boston Journal Nat- Hralelictoty, iV. bo42, pol, pl. iv. £17 Shell fusiform, spirally striated; aperture with a rather long canal; columella plicated as in Fascvolarza. Operculum like that of Ne eptunea. Lingual teeth, (plate 8, fig. 8,)1- 1-1; rha- chidian tooth deeply arched, with three strong denticles at the middle of the anterior edge; lateral teeth versatile, greatly elongated, simple, with a swollen base and hook-shaped extremity. This mollusk, in the character of its lingual dentition, is widely removed from the Fasciolariide, in which the lateral teeth are not versatile. The only known species is found in deep water, off the coasts of Maine and Nova Scotia, and has also occurred in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Fam. BUCCINID. Sub-fam. NEPTUNIIN-AL. Shell more or less beaked. Operculum ovate, nucleus apicial. The Neptunie and their allies are so very closely allied to the true Buccina in their lingual dentition, in the form of the soft parts and of the ovacapsules, and in many other characters, that they should doubtless be arranged in the same family. They may, however, be kept separate from the Buccinum group, as a subfamily, on account of the different form of the operculum, the canaliculated aperture of the shell, and the position of the eyes. * rv, plica, arpaxtec, fusus. 60 AMERICAN JOURNAL To the sub-family Neptuniine as separated from the Muri- cidze on a previous page, we have to add two genera which have been erroneously placed, hitherto, in widely different groups. PERISTERNIA Moerch. The first of these is Peristernia of Moerch,* which has been referred to the Turbinellidze. In this genus, however, the late- ral teeth of the lingual ribbon are versatile, and the entire structure of the animal is similar to that of Neptunea. We add a figure (plate 9, fig. 9,) of the teeth of a species found on the coast of Georgia. This case, with that of Ptuchatractus and Colus, will serve to show that by far too much dependence has been placed, in classification, upon the presence or absenee of folds upon the columella of the shell. BUSYCON Bolten. To the Neptuniine we have also to refer the genus Busycon of Bolten (—Fulgur, Montfort.) The systematic position of this genus has been thus far involved in doubt. Dr. Gray places it in the Cassidulide.t Dr. P. P. Carpenter makes the following remarkst with regard to this very natural group of large gasteropods, which is confined, geographically, to the eastern shores of America. ‘Whether it speaks well for the zeal of American Naturalists that these large species, which can be so easily examined, should be abundant in collections as far as the shell is concerned, but as vet undescribed from the lving animals, must be for others to determine.” And further :—“W hether they have a whelk- like dentition, or whether they are Fasciolariz with undevel- oped plaits, cannot be told till their animals have been dissected.” Having recently had an opportunity of examining the animals in question, we hasten to remove the stigma upon “the zeal of American naturalists,” who, unlike their European brethren, are surrounded by such an abundance of new materials, that it is hardly surprising that so much lies uninvestigated at their doors. We cannot do everything at once. Dr. Carpenter's first conjecture is right—the Busycons have a “whelk-like dentition.” Pl. 9, fig. 10 represents that of B. pyrum. In this species we have a rather narrow rhac- hidian tooth, armed with three strong denticles, and a 4-den- * Cat. Yoldi Coll., 1852, p. 99. Type Turbinella craticulata Schubert & Wagner; Kiener pl. ix., f. 2. i Guide, I., p. 11. } Lectures on Mollusca, p. 32. OF CONCHOLOGY. 61 ticulate lateral tooth. In B. canaliculatum, the rhachidian tooth is broader, with three denticles smaller than in B. pyrum ; lateral tooth 5-denticulate. In B. carica the rhachidian is still broaderand armed with five denticles in the female and six in the male; lateral tooth 5-denticulate (2) or 6-denticulate ie) in, perversum ¢, rhachidian 5-denticulate, lateral tooth 6-denticulate. Besides these four species, a few others have been described B. carica. The four species may be arranged in two groups as existing on our coast, but these appear to be all varieties of upon the “characters of their shells. B. carica and B. per- versum have rather thick and heavy shells, with the shoulder of the whorls armed with strong spines; B. pyrum and B. canaliculatum have on the contrary thin, canaliculated shells with unarmed whorls and a ciliated epidermis. These dif- ferences, taken in connection with those to be noticed in the lingual dentition, might lead us to separate the two groups generically, were it not that in the Miocene formation of our Atlantic slope we find intermediate forms. For instance, the B. coronatum of Conrad has the thick shell and prominent conical spines of the first group in conjunction with the spiral canal of the second; B. carinatum of the same author has a thin smooth shell, but no spiral canal; and B. fustiformis has a thick shell, while the whorls have neither canal nor spines. Fam. NASSIDAL. We regard the Masse and their allies as forming a family distinct Sopa the Buceinide on account of the arched form and very numerous denticles of the rhachidian tooth of the gual ribbon,—a constant character. ILYANASSA,* nov. gen. Type, I. oBSOLETA. Nassa obsoleta ; Say, Journal Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, IT, 1822, p. 282. Buccinum obsoletum Gould, Invert. Massachusetts, 1841, p. 808, f 210. Shell reticulated or decussated, rather thick and strong ; spire elévated; inner lip smooth; callus moderate. Foot broad, without caudal bifureation or cirri. Operculumt re- sembling somewhat that of Buccinwm, obovate, broadest below; nucleus a little within the margin at the outer side near the base; margin entire, not serrated; lingual teeth (plate 9, fig. 11,) hke those of Nassa. Ova-capsules (plate 9, fig, * Etym., iats, limus; dvacca, regina. + The operculum is always herein considered in its natural position when retracted into the aperture of the shell. 62 AMERICAN JOURNAL 12,) rounded, erect, slightly compressed, with the anterior and upper surface covered with facettes formed by reticu- lating ridges or ciests, the angles of which are spinous. It differs from Massa and Phos in the form of the oper- culum and the want of candal cirri on the foot. From Northia in the shape of the shell, as well as that of the operculum. ‘he typical species is littoral in station, living on mud-flats in bays and harbors, and is found more abundantly than any other gasteropod on the EHastern coasts of the United States of North America. Fam. CLIONELLID i. The genus Clionella of Gray,* founded on the Buccinum sinuatum of Born==Pleurotoma buecinoides Lam,t will form the type of a new family. It has been supposed, from the color of the thick periostraca of the shell, to be a fresh-water genus, and is placed in the Melanopsine by recent authors. It is, however, as has been already pointed out,{ a marine form. We have had opportunities of observing the living animal in specimens dredged from a sandy bottom at the depth of two fathoms, in Simon’s Bay, at the Cape of Good Hope, by the United States North Pacific Exploring Expedi- tion. The soft parts do not accord with the figure of the type given in H. & A. Adams’ “Genera,” pl. xxii, f. 10.§ In our specimens the eyes are placed near the tips of the tentacles; the foot is short and very broad, projecting anteriorly but little beyond the head, and broadly rounded behind. The operculum is subelliptical, with the nucleus near the middle of the inner side,—resembling that of Clavatula, as figured by H. & A. Adams, and that of Tomella, as figured by Gray.| “The lingual dentition is of a very peculiar type, differing from any yet described (plate 9, fig. 13.) The animal has a true lingual ribbon, with the teeth in three rows 1-1-1; the rhachidian tooth being very small and delicate, as in Fasciolaria, aud armed with a single denticle; while the lateral teeth are very large, not versatile, and shaped somewhat like the canine teeth of Mammals, pointing obliquely inward and backward, and hollow at the root or base of attachment. * Proceedings Zoological Society, London, 1847, p. 153. +See Kiener, Pleurot., p. 38; pl. xiii., f. 1. ¢{ American Journal of Science and Arts, [2] xxxviii., p. 48. § This figure is said to be taken from the ‘‘Regne Animal” of Cuvier, Ed. 2d. May not some confusion have arisen between the ideas concerning the animal in question and the Melanopsis buccinoidea, in consequence of the similarity of specific names? We have not the ‘‘Regne Animal’ at hand to refer to. || Guide, I., p. 7, fig.4. OF CONCHOLOGY. 63 This dentition is in some degree intermediate in character between the Odontoglossata of Gray and the Toxoglossata; and indicates a new group of value equivalent to these, which may be called Tomoglossata. Probably all of the Clavatu- lin, or Pleurotomidz with an operculum having the nucleus on the inner edge, will be found to belong to it, The relations of the genus Hala, the anatomy and dentition of which are described by Fischer in the ‘‘ Journal de Conchy- liologie,” vol. vil, 1858, p. 141, will probably be found to lie with this group, rather than with the Defranciins. That ani- mal has a true lingual ribbon, with the lateral teeth similar in position to those of Clionella, though much more slender. No rhachidian teeth have been observed. Fam. DENTALITD A. HELONYX, nov. gen. Type, H. chavatus.—pl. 9, f 14. Dentalium clavatum Gould, Otia, p. 119. Shell small, subulate, polished, almost hyaline, arcuated, swollen before the middle, and contracted atthe mouth; poste- riorly attenuated, with the margin of the anal aperture entire. Foot ereatly elongated , cylindrical, and obtuse at the extremity; collar apparently entire. . Anal siphon longer than in Dental- dum. not fissured. This genus comprises certain small Dentalia, which, from the contraction at the anterior extremity of their shells, have been commonly supposed to belong to Annelides allied to Ditrupa. An examination of the living animal in the typical and only living species, D. clavatum, discovered by the writer in the harbor of Hong Kong, China, has shown it to be a Mollusk, very closely allied to Dentalium. This species lives on muddy bottoms, at depths of from six to twenty fathoms. It was of a pure waxen-white color when alive, except where the dark-brown rami of the liver showed through the shell. The genus, which first appears in the Cretaceous, is repre- sented by several species in the various formations deposited during the Tertiary epoch, when it seems to have reached its climax of development. The following are some of the fossil species, for information regarding which I am chiefly indebted to Mr. Meek. H. pusiiuus. Dentalium (Ditrupa ?) pusillum Gabb., Palee- ontology of Califernia, 1., 1864, p. 139; pl. xxi, f. 99 —Creta- ceous formation of California. H. suscoarcratus. Ditrupa subcoarctata Gabb., Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, [2] Iv., 1860, p. 886; pl. Ixvi., f. 47.—Eocene of Wheelock, Texas. 64 AMERICAN JOURNAL H. coarctatus. Dentalium coarctatum Lamarck, An. sans. Vert., 2d edition, v., 1838, p.599.—Miocene of Peidmont. HA. taannus. Dentalium thallus Conrad, Miocene Foss., 1844, p. 78, pl. xlv., £ 5—Miocene of Virginia. OF CONCHOLOGY. 65 REVISION OF M. PETIT’S CATALOGUE OF THE GENUS MONOCONDYLGA, D’ORB. BY CHARLES M. WHEATLEY, PH@NIXVILLE, PA. In Journal de Conchyliologie, 8d series, No. 1, January 1865, M. Petit de la Saussaye publishes “ Note on the genus Monocon- dyloea, D’Orb., description of a new species (JZ. Cambojensis,) with catalogue of fifteen species.” I propose the following re- vision of M. Petit’s list :— Asia. M. EvpHratica, Bourg—River Euphrates, and Tigris River, near Bagdad. Unio Huphraticus, Bourg.—Test. Nov. p. 28, No. 4. 1852. Unio Huphraticus, Bourg—Voy. de la mer morte, pl. 4, fio. 14, 1858. Unio Opperti, Bourg—Amén. vol. 1., p. 54, pl. 14, fig. 6. and pl To, fio. I 1856. Unio Churchilianus, Bourg—Amén. vol. i, p. 35, pl. 2, fig, 14. 1857. Monocondylea rhomboidea, Lea —Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., pei te7. Le59. M. Micuont, Bourg.—Jaffa, Syria. Unio Michonti, Bourg.—Test. Nov., p. 27, No. 2. 1852. Unio Michonti, Bourg—Voy. de la mer morte, pl. 3, fig. 10-12. 1858. M. TripotiraNa, Bourg.—Tripoli, Syria. Unio Tripolitanus, Bourg.—Test. Nov. p. 28, No. 38. 1852. Unio Tripolitanus, Bourg.—Voy. de la mer morte, pl. 4, fig. 10-12. 1853. M. Sauucyt, Bourg.—Jafta, Syria. Unio Saulcyi, Bourg.—Test. Nov. p. 27, No.1. 1852. Unio Sauleyi, Bourg—Voy. de la mer morte, pl. 8, fig. 1-3. 1858. M. Wuearteyt, Lea.—River Tigris, near Mosul. Monocondylea Wheatley, Lea—Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., pe L(G. 1862. Monocondylea Wheatley’, Lea. 50, fig. 807. M. Marpryensis Lea.—Tigris River, near Mardin. Monocondylea Mardinensis, Lea.— Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Dec. 20, 1864. M. Cumineu, Lea.—Malacca and Cambodia. “Obs,” val LOS an, apt. 66 AMERICAN JOURNAL Anodonta Cumingti, Lea.—Pro. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 199, 1850 Monocondylea Cumingii, Lea— Obs,” vol. 7, p. 58, pl. 38, fig. 114. M. Monuortt, Lea. Streams in Laos Mountains, Cambodia. Monocondylea Monhotii, Lea—Pro. Acad. Nat Sci., Phila., p. 190. 1868. M. comMPREssaA, Lea.—Siam. Monocondylea compressa, Lea.—Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., p' 190. 1868. M. CAMBOJENSIS, Petit—Cambodia. Monocondylea Cambojensis, Lea.—Jour. de Conchyliologie, pl. 4, fig. 4, Jan., 1865. M. INOSCULARIS, Gould.—River Salwen. Anodonta tnoscularis, Gould.—Pro. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., voll, p, 160: Decsril843% M. CREBRISTRIATA, Anthony, M.S.—Pegu. M. PEGUENSIS, Anthony, M.8.—Pegu. South America. M. PARAGUAYANA, Orb.—Parana and Rio Batel, Province Corrientes. Monocandylea Paraguayana, Orb.—Mag. Zool., p. 387, No. i. * 18385. Monocondylea Paraguayana, Orb—Voy. Am. Merid., p. 612, pl. 70, fig. 6-7. M. Minuana, Orb.—Rosario, Uruguay. Monocondylea Minuana, Orb.—Mag. Zool., p. 37, No. 2. 1835. Monocondylea Minuana, Orb.— Voy. Am. Merid., p. 612, pl. 70, fig. 8-10. M. ParcHAPPIt, Orb.—Parana, near Itaty, Province Corrientes. Monocondylea Parchappii, Orb.—Mag. Zool., p. 38, No. 8. 1835. Monocondylea Parchappii. Orb.—Voy. Am. Merid., p. 612, pl. 68, fig. 1-38. M. CoRRIENTESENSIS, Orb.—Rio Batel, Province Corrientes. Monocondyleu Corrientesensis, Orb—Mag. Zool., p. 88, No. 4, 1835. Monocondylea Corrientesensis, Orb.—Voy. Am. Merid., p. 618, pl. 68, fig. 8-10. M. Guarayana, Orb.—Rio San Miguel, Province Chiquitos, Boliva. Monocondylea Guarayana, Orb.—Mag. Zool., p. 38, No. 5. 1835. Monocondylea Guarayana, Orb.—Voy. Am. Merid., p. 614, pl. 68, fig. 4-7. OF CONCHOLOGY. 67 M. FOSSICULIFERA, Orb.—Rio Panana, at Iribucua. Monocondylea fossiculifera, Orb.—Mag. Zool. p. 38, No. 6. 1835. Monocondylea fossiculifera, Orb.— Voy. Am. Merid., p. 614, pl. 80, fig. 5-7. M. Tamstana, Dunker.—Rivers in Mountain Valleys. Vene- zuela. Monocondylea Tamsiana, Dunker.—Malak. Blatt, p. 226. 1858. M. FRANcIscANA, Moricand.—Brazil. Monocondylea Franciscana, Moric.—Jour. Nat. Hist. Soc., Geneva, vol. 8, pl. 3, f. 14. Oceanica - M. VONDEMBUSCHIANA, Lea.—Java. Monocondylea Vondembuschiana, Lea—Trans. Am. Philos. Soc., vol. 8, pl. 18, fig. 39. 1840. Margaritana Zollingeri, Mousson.—Zeits. fur Malak., p. 185. 1849. Margaritana crispata, Mousson.—Zeits. far Malak., p. 185. 1849. Margaritana fragilis, Mousson.—Zeits. fur. Malak, p. 185. 1849, M. PLANULATA, hbea.—Java. Monocondylea planulata, Lea.—Pro. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila, pelsi. 1859: ; ! Monocondylea planulata, Lea.—‘ Obs.” vol. 7, p. 80, pl. 42, fig. 142. Hurope. M. Boneuwu, Fer.—France. Lake Gonda, Italy. Alasmadonta Bonelli, Yer—Rossm., p. 24, pl. 9, fig. 134. Alasmadonta depressa, Villa—Cat. Moll. Lombardia. Alasmadonta compressa, Villa.—Cat. Moll. Lombardia. Unio depressa, Pfr.—Pfeiff, p. 32, pl. 8, fig. 8-4. Unio compressa, Menke.—Menke, Synop., p. 106. 1830. Unio Boneihii, Menke. Doubtful Species. M. VIGNONANA, Bernardi—Upper Gaboon, Africa. Margaritana Vignonana, Bern.—Journal de Conchyliologie, vol. 8., 2d series, p. 802, pl. 10, fig. 1. M. PFEIFFERIANA, Bernardi.—Upper Gaboon, Africa. Margaritana Pfeifferiana, Bern.—Journal de Conchyliologie, vol. 4, 2d series, p. 331, pl. 12, fig. 1, 2. M. etAauca? Gould.—(Petit’s Cat,) Oceanica. Anodonta glauca, Gould.—Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 3, p. 298. Nov., 1850.—Peru. 68 AMERICAN JOURNAL CATALOGUE OF MOLLUSCA, COLLECTED BY PROF. D. 8. SHELDON, AT DAVENPORT, IOWA. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. HELICID At. . HYALINA ARBOREA, Say. i ELECTRINA, Gould. x INDENTATA, Say. . MESOMPHIX LIGERA, Say. . GASTRODONTA LINEATA, Say. . MAcROcYCLIS CONCAVA, Say. . PATULA ALTERNATA, Say. ‘‘ PERSPECTIVA, Say. ; “ STRIATELLA, Anthony. 10. STENOTREMA HIRSUTA, Say. dae i MONODON, Rackett. 12. TRIODOPSIS TRIDENTATA, Say. 13. MESODON ALBOLABRIS, Say. SO CO NT > OTR OO DORE 14. te CLAUSA, Say. 15. : MULTILINEATA, Say. 16. “ THYROIDES, Say. es 4 PROFUNDA, Say. 18. VALLONIA PULCHELLA, Mull. 19. STROBILA LABYRINTHICA, Say. 20. LEUCOCHILA CONTRACTA, Say. 21. SUCCINEA OBLIQUA, Say. 22. fe OVALIS, Gould. LIMN AIDA. 23. LIMNHZA STAGNALIS, Linn. L. jugularis, Say. 24, LIMNOPHYSA PALUSTRIS, Mall. . LL. umbrosa, Say. 25. LIMNOPHYSA REFLEXA, Say. 26. ZEBRA, Tryon, Mss. 27. PHYSA GYRINA, Say. 28. ‘( HETEROSTROPHA, Say. 29. BULINUS HYPNORUM, Linn. 30. PLANORBELLA CAMPANULATUS, Say. 31, HELISOMA BICARINATUS, Say. 39. a REGULARIS, Lea. 38. “« __ TRIVOLYIS, Say. oD OF CONCHOLOGY. 69 . MENETUS EXACUTUS, Say. . GYRAULUS DEFLECTUS, Say. ‘ PARVUS, Say. . PLANORBULA ARMIGERA, Say. . ANCYLUS RIVULARIS, Say. STREPOMATIDA. . PLEUROCERA SUBULARE, Lea. . GONIOBASIS LIVESCENS, Menke. VIVIPARID 4. . MELANTHO SUBSOLIDA. Anthony. - INTEGRA, Say. . VIVIPARA INTERTEXTA, Say. . LIOPLAX SUBCARINATA, Say. AMNICOLID &. . SOMATOGYBA ISOGONA, Say. “ DEPRESSA, Tryon. . AMNICOLA CINCINNATIENSIS, Anthony. a SAYANA, Anthony. . POMATIOPSIS LAPIDARIA, Say. VALVATID A. VALVATA TRICARINATA, Say. UNIONID&. . ANODONTA CORPULENTA, Cooper. G GRANDIS, Say. “ INBECILIS, Say. AA SUBCYLINDRACEA, Lea. i UNDULATA, Say. . MARGARITANA COMPLANATA, Bar. a HILDRETHIANA, Lea. i MARGINATA, Say. ff RUGOSA, Bar. UNIO AESOPUS, Green. “ ALATUS, Say. “¢ ANODONTOIDES, Lea. “ ASPERRIMUS, Lea. “¢> CAPAX, Green. “ CORNUTUS, Bar. ‘¢ CRASSIDENS, Lam. “« pistaNns, Anthony, Mss. “ DoRFEUILLIANUS, Lea. “¢ EBENUS, Lea. «ELEGANS, Lea. “ ELLIPSIS, Lea. “ FRBAGOSUS, Conrad. 70 AMERICAN JOURNAL 73. UNIO GIBBOSUS, Bar. 74. “ GLANS, Lea. ie ) GRACILIS, Bar: ie “ GRANIFERUS, Lea. he “ Hieernsit, Lea. 78. “ — rrRis, Lea. 79. « LIGAMENTINUS, Lam. 80. «’" TUTEOLDS, lant. 81. « METANEVRA, Raf. 82. ‘“ MONODONTUS, Say- 85. “ OCCIDENS, Lea. 84. “ ORBICULATUS, Hild. 85. (C.. . PARMUS, am 86. (PHASEOLUS, Hild. 87. “ phicatus, Lesueur. 88. “ PUSTULATUS, Lea. 89. “ PUSTULOSUS, Lea. 90. ¢ PYRAMIDATUS, Lea. oie “ RECTUS, Lam. 92. “ RUBIGINOSUS, Lea. 95. “ SECURIS, Lea. 94. “© SPATHULATUS, Lea. 95. “¢ ENUISSIMUS, Lea. 3G. «“ -TRIANGULARIS, Bar. Ops “¢ -'TRIGONUS, Lea. . 98. «= TUBERCULATUS, Bar. oo: ‘TN DULATUS, Bar. 100. ‘¢ VENTRICOSUS, Bar. 101. ‘¢ VERRUCOSUS, Bar. 102: “0 SZIGZAG, (ea. NOTES. The species appear to be very numerous, in individuals, at this locality. They are large and perfect in growth, exhibit- ing rich coloring; especially is this case with the Unionde, which frequently possess warm pink, or purple nacres, very iridescent, while the epidermis is bright yellow or green, polished and splendidly rayed. The beaks are frequently so perfect in old specimens as to exhibit the undulations plainly. Among the species presented by the above catalogue, Melan- tho subsolida, Anth., may be distinguished for the great size and weight it attains, ane specimen being nearly two inches long. Vivipara intertecta has not before been reported north of Louisiana. Unio Higginsii and Somatogyrus depressa have not been, as yet, discovered, except in Iowa. Unio distans, Anth., and Limnophysa zebra, Tryon, will be described in our April No. OF CONCHOLOGY. 71 @ditors Gable. REVIEWS. YT. AMERICAN. Transactions of the Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Sciences, of Halifax, N.S. Vol. ii.; part 1, 1864. 2s., 6d. per part. Contributions to the Natural History of the Bermudas, part \, Mollusca: BY 5. M. JONES. The catalogue embraces 120 species, among them Succinea Texasiana, Pfr., with the following remarks :— “When the Meollusk inhabits the shell, the latter appears to be of a mottled, muddy green color, but when the Mollusk is removed, the shell assumes a light orange hue.”* Synopsis of the Fluviatile and Terrestrial Mollusca, of the State of Maine. Double sheet. Published by the Author, 1863. Observations on the Terrestrial Pulmonifera of Maine, includ- ing a Catalogue of all the species of Terrestrial and Fluvia- tile Mollusca, known to inhabit the State: py Ep. s. mMoRsE, 8vo., 63 pp., with numerous wood cuts and several plates. Reprinted from the Journal of the Portland Society of Natural History, Portland, Maine, 1864. We feel that we are but rendering justice to Mr. Morse, in saying that never before have such important results of minute and patient study appeared in any American volume on Con- chology, of the small dimensions of the one before us. This work is a substantial advance in conchological sci- ence, and should stimulate us all to renewed, painstaking re- searches, even upon the species which have been supposed to be well known to us. Mr. Morse being an artist as well as a Conchologist, has depicted, not only the shells of many. of the species, but in most cases has illustrated their buccal plates, and frequently their lingual dentition. * We very much doubt if Suc. Texasiana inhabits the Bermudas, Proba- bly some other species is alluded to. 72 AMERICAN JOURNAL Mr. Morse commences his paper by stating that since the publication of Mighels’ Catalogue, the number of terrestrial and fluviatile mollusca, known to inhabit the State, has nearly doubled. In studying them, he has been continually on his guard not to rely too much on a single feature, but to consider impartially all parts together. The interpretation of the natural subdivisions which exist in these animals, will require a deeper and more philosophical method of study, embracing their complete embryology and anatomy, “and then whatever may be revealed by such work, will, I believe, be as character- istically stamped on the shell as on the habits and economy of the animal.” In the Helicide, Mr. Morse detects three different types of lingual dentition, and remarks that the three sub-familics founded on them, are alike distinguishable, from the “ character of the shell; the external appearance of the animal, and the general size of the species.” “Taking the number of lingual plates in a row, from five different species in each group from Pupine upwards, and averaging this number for each group, we have the following result :—— LIMACIDA, including PHILOMYCENIDA, 94. HELICINA, 73. HELICELLINA, 42. VALLONIN A, 26. PUPIN &, 24.”’ Tebennophorus dorsalis, Binney, is made a new genus Palli- fera, characterised by arcuate buccal plate with seven promi- nent ribs, crenulating its cuttingedge. Central plate of tongue tridentate, laterals bidentate, uncini denticulated. Sub-family HMelcinze embraces the large species, such as albolabris, Sayit, Xe. Anguispira is proposed as a generic name for H. alternata, Day. Hi elicellinee embraces the thin diaphanous Helices like cellaria electrina, &c.; with these is described a new species, H. Bin- neyanda, Morse. Differs from electrina in color, being nearly white, with a greenish tinge, and is one-third smaller. HT. exigua and H. minuscula form the new genus Pseudohya- lina. “In Hyalina the laterals comprise one-sixth or one- seventh of the whole number of plates in a row, while in Pseudohyalina the laterals comprise about one-third the num- ber. In Hyalina the shell is smooth and polished; in this the shells are either ribbed or striated.” The buccal plate also differs in form. Striatura ferrea is the type of a new genus and species, the former “ based upon peculiarities of dentition, as seen in the enormous central plate and the channelled buccal lamina.” OF CONCHOLOGY. ifs Mr. Morse separates H. chersina from H. fulva, H. minuta, Say, from H. pulchella, Zua lubricoidea, Stimp., from Z. lubrica. But we think his reasons, though suggestive, are not conclu- sive. For H. minutissima, Lea, Mr. Morse makes the genus Pune- tum and the sub-family Punctine, based on “ the peculiar con- formation of the buccal plate, divided by sixteen distinct pieces, and the character of the lingual dentition, corresponding closely with Carychium exiguum.” A full description and embryology of the much vexed Helix harpa, Say, is given; it is made a genus, Zodgenetes in the sub- family Pupine. Limnea decollata, Mighels, Mr. Morse believes to be identical with L. catascopium, an opinion which we cannot share with him. JZ. ampla is shown to be very rare and probably local. “Hound a few dead specimens in Mud Lake, at the northern part of the State, the original place of discover Vet Physa heterostropha deprived of air by being placed in a small vial filled with water, survived the deprivation seven- teen hours. Limnea desidiosa, under like circumstances lived about seven hours. Ancylus ovalis and A. borealis, two new species, are des- cribed and figured. Mr. Morse enumerates in all, 49 land and 55 fresh water shells, total 104 species, which is actually a larger number than inhabits Ireland, a somewhat larger country, and much larger proportionally than England. In the last two countries the terrestrial forms predominate, so as to make three-fifths of the species, while in Maine more than half are fluviatile. The remarks on the abundance or rarity of certain species as compared with the data given by Dr. Mighels in his Cata- logue published twenty years ago, does not appear to us to serve any useful purpose, except “to suggest that such remarks appled ‘to species as “ very abundant, a rare,” &c., ought to ' be received with great distrust. The text to this volume is followed by 10 plates, principally devoted to dentition. One of them exhibits magnified views of the surfaces of several small Helices. This work may be obtained of the author for $1.50, we be- lieve, a price that will never repay him for the laborious produc- tion of the magnified figures which adorn it. Check List of the Invertebrate Fossils of North America, Miocene: By. F. B. MEEK, (Smithsonian Miscellaneous Col- lections, Nov. 1864.) An exceedingly useful index to our Miocene Mollusca. Prof. Meek has enumerated over 700 species. American _ Palseontologists may congratulate themselves upon the pos- 74 AMERICAN JOURNAL session of such thorough catalogues of species as those pub- lished by Dr. Meek, Mr. Conrad and Mr. Gabb. Wedo not agree with Dr. Meek in rejecting pre-Linneean generic names. Proceedings Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, No. 1., January and February, 1864. Description of a new Genus of the Family Melanide. BY ISAAC LEA. Meseschiza Grosvenori’, Wabash River, Indiana. We have examined the specimens of this shell. They do not appearto us to be mature. The pleurotomose slit in the outer lip on the periphery, is a curious feature. Descriptions of eleven new species of Indigenous Melanide : BY ISAAC LEA. Goniobasis Hmeryensis, Rocky Creek, East Tenn. 4 umbonata, Cumberland River. Albanyensis, Baker Co., Georgia. viridostriatus, Flint River, Georgia. Tra ypanostoma subrobustum, Holston River. Roanense, Roane Co., Hast Tenn. 4 Lesleyi, E. Tenn., Pulaski Co., Ky. affine, Cumberland River. cylindraceum, Roane Co., K. Tenn. carinatum, Bull Run, Kast Tenn. Strephobasis Lyonii, Holston River. In this paper Mr. Lea proposes the genus Hurycexlon for a small group of species having a large ear-shaped aperture, the columella with a callus above and truncate below; the whorls noduled. To this group pertain G. umbonata, midas, and Anthonyi, Anc. turbinata, crassa, and some few other species. Having described two new species of Goniobasis in 1861 under the names of blanda and Vanuaxemii, both of which were pre-occupied by himself for species originally described as Melanians but which now prove to be Goniobases, Mr. Lea proposes to change their names to versa and Prestoniana re- spectively. Goniobasis Canbi yi, Lea, having been previously described by Mr. Reeve as @. Etowahensis, “Lea, the name of Canby? is transferred to the shell which Mr. Lea subsequently described as Htowahensis. “ iT 9 Description of, and Remarks on, Planorbis Newberryi: BY ISAAC LEA. For this species a new genus is proposed, Megasystrophe ; Mr. Binney’s name Carinifex, however, has priority. OF CONCHOLOGY. 15 Synonymy of the species of Strepomatide, a family of Ful- vialile Mollusca, inhabiting North America. Part 2d: BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. This part is occupied by the genus Goniobasis entire, except a group of about sixty species from Alabama, which form the subject of part 4th, just read to the Academy. A synonymy of the genus shows no less than ten synonymic names. The species, numbering 216 adopted names and 118 syno- nyms are divided into the following groups :— a. Shell spirally ridged, f. Shell bi-multi- -angulate, b. “ tuberculate, 2. “ clavate, smooth, ¢: A“ A plieate; Bierce elevated, smooth. d. 4 angulate,..0* raw se SUTUOte. e. “ carinate, No. 2, March and April, 1864. Synonymy of the family Strepomatide, &éc. Part. 3d: sy GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. This part embraces :— Schizostoma 26 species and 17 synonyms. Anculosa, 33 “ “ Descriptions of six new species af Unionide, from Lake Nyassa, Central Africa: BY ISAAC LEA. Onio Kirkii, Spatha alata, “ Nyassaensis, “ Nyassaensis, “ Aferula, ‘« — modesta. Descriptions of six new species of Succinea of the United States: BY ISAAC LEA. Succinea Haleana, Alexandria, Louisiana. is Grosvenort, Alexandria, Louisiana. and Santa Rita Valley, Kansas. es Mooresiana, Platte River. i Wilsont’, Darien River. “ Forsheyi, Rutersville, Texas. “pellucida, United States. Mr. Lea publishes a reclamation of his former species of Succinea, eight in number. We certainly are disposed to admit the validity, of not only those species conceded by Messrs. Gould & W. G. Binney to be good ones, but also most decidedly, that of S. inflata. With S. retusa and S. Wardiana we are not autoptically acquainted. Description of a new Species of Planorbis : BY ISAAC LEA. Pil. Billingsiz, Ottawa River, Canada West. 76 AMERICAN JOURNAL Description of thirteen new Species of Melanidz of the Onited States: BY ISAAC LEA. Gontobasis subrhombica, Hog Co., N. Georgia. fraterna, Cahawba River, Alabama. ‘i Rome, Rome, N. Georgia. Ac guadricincta, ‘Coosa River, Ala., E. Tennessee, N. Georgia, &c, e Smithsoniana, N. Geor., & East Tenn. re pulla, Cumberland Gap, Hast Tenn. ¢ pupaeformis, Coosa River, Alabama. Trypanostoma venustum, Big Prairie Creek, Ala. ‘ cinctum, North Alabama. i i univittatum, Cahawhba Riv., Ala. . corneum, Tennessee. ¥ napordeum, Tennessee. Schizostoma Showalterii, Coosa River, Alabama. We fear that this last name, as proposed, ought not to stand. Mr. Lea used it once before for a shell which proved to have been previously described by Mr. Anthony as Sch. carniferum. If we now admit the name, naturalists will always be at a loss to understand which species is referred to by it. We suggest the propriety of recognizing the one now described as Showal- teriana, which perhaps may present sufficient difference, and still remain as it was intended to be, a compliment. to the assi- duous naturalist who has so greatly enriched our collections with new southern species. Description of five new species of Lymnxa of North Amer- ica: BY ISAAC LEA. L. Smithsoniana, Loup Fork, Platte River. L. Traskii, San Antonio Arroya. LI. Jamesii, Ohio, Georgia. LL. Lecontii, Georgia. L. Arctica, Moose River, B. A. As Limnea Traskii, Tryon, was published in 1868, Mr. Lea will have to find another name for his species. Descriptions of two new species of Unionide of South Africa: BY ISAAC LEA. Spatha Natalensis, Unio Natalensis. Descriptions of twenty-four new species of Physa of the United States and Canada: BY ISAAC LEA. P. Niagarensis, Niagara. P. Showalterii, Uniontown, Ala. P. Altonensis, Ulinois. P. Smithsoniana, Loup Fork, P. crocata, Lafayette, Georgia. Platte River. P. Forsheyi, Rutersville, Tex. P. Warreniana, Loup Fork, P. tenuissima, Alexandria, La. Milwaukee, Grand Rap- P. Halei, Alexandria, La., ids, Mich. P OF CONCHOLOGY. ’ TT . Febigerii, Logan Co., Ohio. P. Traskii, California. P. Nicklin, AlleghanyCo. Va. P. striata, California. 1% . Grosvenorii, Santa Rita Val- P. Blandii, California. ley, Kansas. Nuttalliz, Oregon. dR . White’, Georgia, Kansas. P. venusta, Oregon. I Se . Safford’, Tenn., Kansas. hordacea, Oregon. . anatina, Kansas. Canada West. -P P P. Hawnii, Verdigris River. P. brevispira, Ottowa River, if P . parva, Kansas. No. 3. June, 1864. Melantho, Bowdich= Campeloma, Raf., vide Theodore Gill, verbal communication. Probably so, but by no means so certainly, as to authorize the substitution of Ratfi- nesque’s name for that of Bowdich. Descriptions of new species of Marine Invertebrata from Puget Sound: BY WM. STIMPSON, M. D. Cynthia Gibbsir. Cynthia villosa. “ cortacea. Chelysoma producta. No. 4, September, 1864. Notes on Shells, with descriptions of new Fossil Genera and Species: BY T. A. CONRAD. Turitella precincta, Kocene, Alabama. Protocardia Virginiana Kocene !’amunkey Riv., Va. Fasciolaria subtenta, North Carolina. Lirisoma curvirostra, North Carolina. Ericinella ovalis Cyprimeria, new genus of Oyprinidee. C’. excavata, Morton, Cretaceous, N. J., with figure. Dosiniopsis, n. g. D. Meekii, Hocene, Washington, D. C. Mr. Conrad remarks that Noet/a (Arca) ponderosa, Say, occurs abundantly in the Post-Pliocene of the Southern States, and lives on the southern coast of Florida. To this we would add that fossil valves are not at all uncommon both at Cape May and Atlantic City, N. J. At the former locality Mr. Say’s fossil Turitella plebeva also occurs on the beach. American Journal of Science and Arts, No. 110, March, 1864. Remarks on the family Pteriide—Aviculidx, with descrip- tions of some new fossil genera: BY F. B, MEEK. Three sub-families are proposed :— PTERINA, (Pterinia group.) Genera, Pterinia, Myalina, Ambonychia, Actinodesma Gryphorhynchus, n. g., PTERILA (or Aviculine.) Genera Pteroperna, Pteria, or (Avicula,) 78 AMERICAN JOURNAL Margaritifera, Malleus, Aucella, Humicrotis, (n. g.,) and probably the extinct genera, Monotis, Halobia, Pteronites, Posidonomya, MELININA, (Perna or [sognomon group.) Genera Crenatula, Melina— Perna, (Brug., not Adanson,) Bakevellia, Gervillia, Inoceramus, Pulvinites. Notice of a small collection of Fossils from the Potsdam Sandstone of Wisconsin, and Lake Superior Sandstone of Michigan: BY PROF. ALEXANDER WINCHELL. The new shells are:— Orthis Barabuensis. Straparollus primordialis. Pleurotomaria advena. No. 111, May, 1864. On the Cretaceous and Superior Formations of West Ten- nessee: BY J. M. SAFFORD. Lists of species of shells occuring in the various formations are given, and the following recent species are mentioned as occuring fossil in the Bluff Loam, (Post-Tertiary.) Helices appressa, hirsuta, monodon, solitaria profunda ; Pla- norbis bicarinatus, Amnicola lapidaria, and species of Lymnea, and Cyclas. No. 112, May, 1864. On the structural characters of the so-called Melanians of North America. BY WM. STIMPSON, M. D. A most excellent paper, containing a detailed account of the results of anatomical investigations of the soft parts of Anculosa dissimilis and Goniobasis Virginica. Dr. Stimpson also examined Jo. fluvialis, but does not find any structural differences in either of these species to warrant the separa- tion of the Mel/anians into genera; at the same time he agrees with Mr. Lea and others as to the propriety of separating these genera. The most important facts developed, are that the sexes are distinct in the Strepomatide, and that our spe- cles are oviparous, while the Oriental MJe/anians are ovo-vivi- parous. Dr. Stimpson states that the differences in the animals of Trypanostoma and Groniobasis, as described by Dr. James Lewis, (Pro. Acad., Feb., 1863,) are only sexual differences. We are not surprised that the real differences in the animals of our various genera of Strepomatide have not yet been detected. The failure to do so, only shows that as a means of distinguishing genera, Conchology is still far in advance of Malacology. No one will presume to question the validity of these genera, founded on the shell alone, or that correspond- OF CONCHOLOGY. 79 ing differences must exist in the animals, although we have so far failed to detect them. No. 113, September, 1864. Description of a new species of Chiton. BY WILLIAM PRESCOTT, M. D. C. Californicus==Oryptochiton Steller’, Middend., according to No. 114, p. 481, November, 1864. Had not this proved to be a synonym, the specific name is still preoccupied for another species. Proceedings, Boston Society of Natural History, vol. ix., De- cember, 1863. On the genus Gundlachia: BY WM. STIMPSON, M. D. G. Meekiana, District of Columbia. This makes the sixth species of the genus. Three have been described from Cuba, one from Honduras and one from California. Proceedings, California Academy of Natural Sciences, San Francisco, vol. ii., 1864. Descriptions of nine new species of Helix inhabiting Cali- fornia: BY WESLEY NEWCOMB, M. D. Helix Hildebrandi, Helix facta, “ — Tryoni, “ Whitney?, “ crebristriata, “ Breweri, “ rufocincta, “ Duranti. eo) Gabbu, Most of these are island species. Zryondi and facta, diverge widely from the ordinary Californian forms, resembling very much certain West Indian types. Indeed, H. Tryonii in- stantly reminds one of H. alauda, of Cuba, and its allies. The following additional species are contained in the State collection :— HI. arrosa, Gld., H. Californiensis, Lea, H. Carpenter’, Newce., H. Columbiana, Lea, H. chersina, Say, H. Dupetithouarsi, Desh., HT, exarata, Pfr., H. fidetis, Gray, H. infumata, Gld., H. Kellettii, Forbes, H. loricata, Gld., H. Newberryana, W.G. B., H. Nickli- niana, Lea, H. Mormonum, Pfr., H. sportella, Gld., H. Trask’, Newe., H. tudiculata, Binney, H. Vancowverensis, Lea. Description of a new Species of Pedicularia: BY WESLEY NEWCOMB, M. D. P. Californica. Complete Writings of Constantine Smaltz Rafinesque on Recent and Fossil Conchology. EDITED BY WM. G. BINNEY, AND GEORGE W. TRYON, JR.* The papers contained in the work above quoted, form most *Octavo, 104 pp., and plates, 1864. Published by Bailliere Bros., New York and H, Bailliere, London, Price, $2.50. 80 AMERICAN JOURNAL valuable contributions to American Conchology, and include the Author’s papers in this department of Science to eleven different works, with dates of publication ranging from 1714 to 1840, Besides numerous genera and species of marine and of fossil mollusca, nearly two hundred new species of American land and fresh water shells are described ; of which many have been identified and adopted by the distinguished naturalists who have studied his works, notwithstanding the difficulty with his which inadequate descriptions and rude figures have sur- rounded them. . Unfortunately, Rafinesque’s personal character together with the very few and confusedly named specimens which he distributed, have prevented these identifications from being so numerous or so complete, as in the case of Linnzeus, Lamarck and others, whose descriptions are in many cases even less de- finite, but who surrounded themselves with scientific friends, and bequeathed to prosterity rich and authentic collections of shells. A close study of Rafinesque’s generic and specific descrip- tions has convinced us that he was possessed of a genius for the subject, very far in advance of the age in which he lived ; and that under more favorable auspices, his works would have been quoted long ago, as those of a worthy pioneer in Ameri- can Conchology. In this edition of Rafinesque we have the original paging of the various papers preserved in brackets, while the text is an exact reprint, all the typographical and etymological errors being retained, in preference to making alterations which in some cases might not be acceptable to the student. The work has additional attractions in the very copious index, occupying seven pages of double columns, small type, with reference to every genus, sub-genus, species or variety menticned. A brief notice of some of the American genera and species described by Rafinesque may not be considered unacceptable, and we offer no apology for rehearsing a subject which has puzzled older and abler Cohchologists, except that we believe that each fresh mind brought to the investigation of difficult questions, will evoke some new truths which his predecessors have failed to perceive. We are besides, in many cases, merely summing together and deducing results from the heretofore undigested studies of a number of Naturalists. Of the genera of Helicide, described by Rafinesque, the following have been retained :— OF CONCHOLOGY. 81 Mesomphix, 1819 (p. 27,*)—Embracing such species as #. fuliginosa, inornata, demissa, &c., together with many Kuropean species. Characterized by a diaphanous texture, unreflected lip, and large umbilical opening. Stenotrema, 1819 (p.28.)—With a thick lip, emarginate, and a second lip or callus on the body whorl, uniting with the outer lip—Ex. H. hirsuta, Say, and allied forms. Triodopsis, 1819 (p. 28.)—proposed for the tridentate species of which H. tridentata, Say, may be considered the type. Mesodon, 1831 (p. 67.)—“ Difter from Helix by lower lip with a tooth,” referring to the species of the a/lbolabris group, all of which exhibit this character in greater or less distinctness. The following genera have not been adopted :— Odotropis, 1819 (p. 27.)—Shell with a tooth on the colu- mella, lip reflected and covering the umbilicus. This genus was instituted for such shells as H. albolabris, H. exoleta, etc., but the characters are not in all cases of even specific value, and the species have very properly been included in Mesodon. Xolotrema, 1819 (p. 27.)—Difters from Zriodopsis by having a covered umbilicus, and the inferior tooth lamelliform. This genus, intended to embrace H. palliata, H. obstricta, H. ap- pressa, &c., has been considered synonymous with Zrvodopsis. We think, however, that the group of shells included by its characters are sufficiently distinct to retain the name imposed by Rafinesque, and have so separated them in our Cabinet. Chimotrema, 1819 (p. 28.)—With a transverse covered aper- ture, resembling a simple fissure. Toxotrema, 1819 (p. 28.)—Differs from the preceding genus by an emarginate lip. Both these genera are referable to Stenotrema, Raf. Aplodon, 1819 (p. 28.)—Umbilicated, aperture rounded, col- umella toothed. This genus is a synonym of Mesodon, and would include such species as H. thyroides. Omphalina, 1831 (p. 67.)—“ Differ from Helix by no lps, but an ombilic.” Appears to be the same as Mesomphix. Trophodon and Odomphiwm, 1831 (p. 67,) are both forms of Mesodon.t * The pages referred to in parenthesis are those of the reprint, and not of the original papers. Novre ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF CERTAIN AMERICAN HELICES. + Such shells as H. inflecta and H. personata of Europe, referred by Pfeiffer (Mal. Blatt., 1855,) to Isognomostoma, Fitz., 1833, and included by Albers in the genus Ulostoma, do not appear to me to differ from Trio- dopsis, Raf., as the covered umbilicus is scarcely of specific value. I therefore include them in the latter genus, which has priority. H. Rugeli, Shutt, also belongs here. Helix elevata, placed by Pfeiffer in Mesodon and by Albers in Triodopsis belongs together with H. Clarkii, Lea, in the genus Xolotrema, Raf. H. profunda, placed by Pfeiffer in Ulostoma, together with the species of Triodopsis, is really a Mesodon as Albers has correctly considered it. 82 AMERICAN JOURNAL Rafinesque describes the following Helices :— Aplodon nodosum, 1819, (p. 28.)—Not identified. Toxostoma globularis, 1831, (p. 47.)—Not identified. Mesodcn maculatum, 18381, (p. 67.)—Not identified. Omphalina cuprea, 1881, (p. 68.)—Is possibly HI, fulginosa. Xolotrema clausa, 1831, (p. 68.) H. inflecta, Say, identity first established by W. G. Binney. Triodopsis lunula, 1831, (p. 68.)—I agree also with W. G. Binney in considering this a synonym of H. indentata, Say. Mr. Rafinesque also described several species of naked snails, none of which can be identified :— Agatina variegata, (p. 68,)= Achatina fasciata, (var. picta Rve ?) Agatina fuscata, (p. 68,)—same. Various land shells from Buenos Ayres, (p. 98,) we cannot identify; but the five new species of fresh water shells from Bengal and Assam, described on the same page, are easily recognizable, but cannot be adopted, other names having priority. Among the univalve fresh water shells of the United States, described by Rafinesque, the following appear to us to be worthy of recognition :— Pleurocera. This we have adopted instead of Ceriphasia, Sw., and Zrypanostoma, Lea, for species of Strepomatide be- longing to the group of Melania canaliculata, Say. Of the several species described, P. verrucosa alone can be recognized; it is the same as Melania nupera, Say. ; Ambloxis is the same as Jelantho, Bowditch, as we have ascertained by the figures of two of the species in Rafinesque’s manuscript “Conchologia Ohiensis,” but it is questionable whether the published description is sufficiently explicit to warrant its adoption :—does it not equally refer to Anculosa ? Ellipstoma (p. 23 and 27) appears to us to be also referable probably to Aneulosa. Oxytrema (p. 26) is a Melanian, and would perhaps answer well to the heavy pupzeform Goniobases of North Alabama. Campeloma. Prof. Gill says this—Melantho, and that the species described (C. crassula,)—Paludina heterostropha, Kirt- land. The description does not seem to us to warrant this refer- ence any more than it would to a Physa. Omphiscola, (p. 26.) This name may be applied pretty certainly to the group of Limnzans represented by L. umbili- cata, Ads., DL. Adeline, Tryon, &c. Leptoxis (p. 26) has been adopted by Haldeman, H.& A. Adams, Chenu, and many other naturalists, instead of Anculosa, Say. There is positively no excuse for this. The description OF CONCHOLOGY. $3 does not indicate the Ancuwlose so well as several other of Rafinesque’s genera. Hither Ambloxis or Hilipstoma are better descriptions of this group. The fact is, Prof. Haldeman has adopted Leptoxis, published 1819, and unrecognizable, but identified by figures in the manuscript work lately belonging to Prof. H., but presented by him to the Smithsonian Institu- tion. Such authority cannot be received, even for the pur- pose of elucidating published descriptions, provided good descriptions of the same object have since been published by other authors.* The genus Strepoma, Raf, applied by Prof. Haldeman to the American Melanians, exists only in manuscript. Cyclemis (p. 26) is perhaps equivalent to Somatogyrus, Gill, and Omphemis (p. 26) to Pomatiopsis, Tryon. Lomastoma (p. 26) and Hutrema (p. 27) we cannot identify. Mr. Prime has studied the Cyclades described by Rafinesque, with partial success. With regard to the Unionide the difficulties surrounding the task of identifying his descriptions, are almost insur- mountable, although they are not bad for the period ; indeed, taking together, as he directs us, the generic and specific descriptions, a very fair idea of the general appearance of the species may be formed. The difficulty les in the vast multitude of species which have been discovered since Rafi- nesque’s time, naturally rending his descriptions those of groups rather than of species. In the following reswmé of identifications by American naturalists, the species, when, supposed to possess priority, are printed in small caps; other- wise, in italics. * We would even reject names accompanied by those short unmeaning Latin diagnoses, without giving distinctive characters or size of specimen, which authors are in the habit of publishing in the Proceedings of various Societies, if the same species is subsequently figured or fully described by other naturalists. The abuse which has arisen from the claims of prior- ity based on these unrecognizable descriptions is certainiy beyond endu- rance, and no author ought to be permitted to impose upon the scientific world a species characterized by half a dozen lines of conventional, mongrel Latin, that would apply to several related species equally wellas to the one described. <A positively recognizable description, or details of differences, or a figure of the species should be rigidly required. We recently had occasion to study a group, the species of which possess great similarity in all their character and are considered peculiarly difficult to determine. In looking for recent descriptions we found a num- ber of Latin diagnoses, almost any one of which would suit any species we had before us; now is it reasonable that if we publish our new species in a satisfactory manner, that the author ofthese “ diagnoses’’ shall say—“ your species are synonyms, this is my so and so, published so many months or years in advance of you.’’ How do we know that it ts hissoand so? Are we to take his word for it? Then we might as well dispense with his pub- lished description altogether, save him the trouble of stringing together a dozen or so of the few hundred words which comprise Sonchology Latin, and above all, save ourselves the labor vainly expended in striving to com- prehend it! 84 AMERICAN JOURNAL We have very carefully studied the species of Unio, des- cribed by Rafinesque, and find that the descriptions and figures will not authorize the identifications attempted by some of our conchologists. As mere surmises, they are probably correct, but there are by no means sufficient grounds for the adoption of his names. In our opinion, Mr. Lea, in his “ Synopsis,” has allowed to Rafinesque even more species than he is enti- tled to:—we can only identify metanevra, as a species entitled to priority, although two synonyms of Lamarck’s species can be recognized easily. We will not review Rafinesque’s marine genera and species; a number of them have been universally adopted. We perceive throughout these papers the evidence of our author’s extraordinary genius for classification, and, we may add, for description also, and yet are continually made aware of his ill-balanced mind, his carelessness and haste, his poverty, and his pride. Several passages like the following, occur :— “Since 1820, several American Conchologists have attempted to notice, describe, or figure these shells; Barnes, in 1828, Lea, Say, and Eaton, later still. They had a fine field before them, in elucidating them by good figures, and describing the new kinds, but led astray, by various motives, they have neglected to verify, or properly notice my previous labors, although they were known to them. Mr. Say is, aboveall, inexcusable. I had respectfully noticed, in 1820, his previous labors; but he has never mentioned mine, and knows so httle of the animals of these shells, as to have mistaken their mouth for their tail, and their anterior for the posterior part of the shells! If he had seen these animals alive, feeding, moving, and watched their habits as I have done repeatedly, he would not have fallen into such a blunder. The mouth is always near the cardinal tooth, and the lamellar tooth is to the right of it in the right valve, to the left in the left valve—Others pretend that my monograph is too intricate; it is the subject which is such; whenever many species belong to a tribe, many divisions and sections are needed to elucidate and isolate the species. All the great naturalists know and do this. The works wherein their erroneous labors are found cost above $100! (mine only 50 cents.) This has put it out of my power, as yet, to verify all their mistaken and synonymous names. The volume we have reviewed, is worthy ofattentive study, and should have a place in the library of every student of the Sciences of Conchology and Paleontology. ELLIPrio ae “e LEPTODE! “ce ce AXIMEDIA EURYNIA ee te LAMPSILIs C¢ es TRUNCILI ae PLAGIOLA ELLIPsAR QUADRUL: ROTUNDAL SCALENAR SINTOXIA | ce PLEUROR ce AMBLEMA ce ce ELLiprro OBLIQUAR ToxoLasm ANOoDONT: ALASMIDO] *T have not bases his ide} descriptions o Tf Only tho: + U. ecunea \| U. carrna § Notwiths satisfactorily per \LLIPTIO NIGRA, p. 37, /‘* -VIRIDIS, p. 39, -s FASCIATA, p. 40, EPTODEA (ELLIPTIO) LEPTODON, p. 40, a“ ee ae ae XIMEDIA rae DURYNIA «e a3 ae Es “ oe ee PLLIPSARIA JUADRULA ROTUNDARIA Sy SCALENARIA = 4c ee SINTOXIA e ia ee ce ae ae FRAGILIS, p. 41, NERVOSA, p. 41, LAVIGATA, p. 42, DILATATA, p. 42, LATISSIMA, p. 42, : _ SOLENOIDES, p. 43, LAMPSILIS CARDIUM, p. 43, & FASCIOLA, p. 44, [PTAPTERA MEGAPTERA, p. 44, RUNCILLA TRIQUETER, p. 45, - TRUNCATA, p. 46, PLAGIOLA (OBLIQUARIA ) DECORTICATA, p. a INTERRUPTA, p. ————— DEPRESSA, p. 47, LINEOLATA, p. 47, ELLIPSARIA, p. 48, FASCIOLARIS, p. 48, VERRUCOSA, p. 48, CUPREA, p. 48, ATTENUATA, p. 49, FLAVA, p. 49, CYPHIA, p. 49, METANEVRA, p. 90, REFLEXA, p. 50, RETUSA, p. 50, FLEXUOSA, p. 50, NODULATA, p. 51, QUADRULA, p. 51, BULLATA, p. 51, TUBERCULATA, p. 51, SUBROTUNDATA, p. 92, OBLIQUATA, Pp. 93, TRIANGULARIS, p. 53, SCALENARIA, p. 53, SINTOXIA, p. 54, (OBOVARIA ) OBOVALIS, p. 54, TORSA, p. 54, STRIATA, p. 54, STEGARIA, p. 59, CORDATA, p. 5d, “LEUROBEMA MYTILOIDES, p. 56, * uc iTS CUNEATA, p. 56, BLEMA OLIVARIA, p. 07, Ef RUBRA, p. 57, TORULOSA, p. 97, GIBBOSA, p. 458, COSTATA, p. 58, ULLIPTIO (EURYNIA) TERES, p. 63, BLIQUARIA (ELLIPSARIA) ATROVIOLACEA, p. 6 LOXOLASMA CYCLIPS, p. 72, tNopoNTs (LASTENA) OHIENSIS, p. 59, LATA, p. 09, SMIDONTA (LASMIGONA) COSTATA, p. 60, bo Tara __ Synopsis. ? CRASSIDENS. | ?crpposus, Bar. » MULTIRADIATUS, ?SECURIS. ? NASUTUS. Adopted. CORNUTUS. ?FOLIATUS, Hild. ? veRRUCOSUS, Bar. rEetusus, Lam. ?osiiquus, Lam. Adopted. ? PYRAMIDATUS. ? PERPLEXUS, Lea. 2? UNDULATUS, Bar. ‘incrassatus. | Tappanianus.§ Conran. Monograph. crassidens. Adopted. erncank Lea. tenuissimus, Lea. gracilis, Bar. gracilis, Bar. zigzag, Lea. ‘lens, Lea. gibbosus, Bar. RECTUS. CYLINDRICUS, \wentricosus, Bar. \subangulatus. ALATUS, Say. triangularis, Bar. elegans, Lea. brevidens. Lea. \lineolata, Raf. securts, Lea. phaseolus, Hild. tuberculatus, Bar. ‘DILATATA, Raf. rubiginosus. Lea, @sopus. Adopted. cornutus. foliatus. pustulatus, Lea. asperrimus, pustulosus, Lea. circulus, ridibundus. sulcatus. cLAVUS, Lam. Adopted. solidus, Lea. RETUSUS. subrotunda, Raf. wrroratus. Adopted. CLAVus, Lam. cLAVuS, Lam. ellipsis, Lea. pyramidatus, perplexus. \perplerus.** undulatus, ‘anodontoides. /DILATATA, Raf. levissimus, Lea. | paugost, Bar. donaciformis, Lea. ROTUNDATUS, Lam. | gibbosus, Bar. RECTUS. muitiradiatus. ALATUS, Say. brevidens, Lea. rubiginosus, Adopted. cornutus. foliatus. pustulatus. puslulosus. verrucosus. cLAvusS, Lam. RETUSUS. irroratus. Adopted. pyramidatus. pyramidatus. §) perplexus. undulatus. anodontoides. CRASSUS, ABRUPTUS wat _ Synonymy. Adopted. ‘CARIOSUS. Adopted. || tenuissimus, Lea. gracilis, Bar. zigzag, Lea. donaciformis, Lea. castaneus, Lea ? gibbosus, Bar. |RECTUS. |CYLINDRICUS. \ventricosus, Bar. multiradiatus. |ALATUS, Say. triangularis, Bar. ‘elegans, Lea. |brevidens, Lea. lineolata, Raf. ‘securis, Lea. crassus, Say. phaseolus, Hild. tuberculatus, Bar. rubiginosus. @sopus, Adopted. cornutus, stapes, var. ? pileus, Lea. pustulalus. jasperrimus. ‘nodulosus, Wood. pustulosus, Lea. | verrucosus. ' circulus, orbiculatus. rotundatlus. sulealus. ~ ellipsis. decisus, Var. ? ebenus, Lea. trroratus, pyramidatus. perplexus. undulatus. anodontoides laevissimus. dehiscens, lortens. rugosa, AY, | Catalogue. —_ --—————- ‘crassidens. pee —Carinatus, Bar. ‘tenuissimus, Lea. gracilis, Bar. gibbosus, Bar. RECTUS. ventricosus. occidens. subovatus, multiradialus. ‘brevidens, Lea. lineolata, Rat. CRASSUS, Say. phaseolus, Hild. rubiginosus, @sopus. Adopted. cornutus | folialus. | pustulosus, Dorfeuillianus. prasinus. circulus, CLAVUS. CLAVUS, oBLIQuus, Lam. | jundatus, Bar. \trigonus, Lea. ellipsis, Lea. COCCINEUS. perplexcus undulatus, CRASSUS, Say. laevissimus. 4 U. ‘ce tctorily iden tified. a “Ihave not added Ferussac’s determinations to these, bec Mises his identifications upon “authentic specimens,” labeled by Rafinesque. “scriptions of Mr. Lea, than we would accord priority to unpublished names ov ‘Only those species which have been identified by one or more of the authors ¢ cuneatus, Bar., is a synonym. ty erimatus, Bar., is synonym. ‘ .otWithstanding Prof, Haldeman’s assertion that Zappanianus lives Li® pe A synonym of mytiloides 7 A Synonym of torulosa. ause his opinions were principally base Even if these ey published ones. uoted, are included i in the wate n this table. d only on specimens received from Rafin specimens were original types, we would no more f Kentucky, I do not believe that it and viridis are the same species, or that the latter has ever | rs 0 y: esque. Mr. Conrad, in his * Monography,” sometimes adopt their names over the later, but satisfactory een ‘— i. at a eae a eee SS Pe. LINEA Rss ; wil ee i et PUN MSY, UT “Ome alte cine Bas Lien bts | vic aD A PA » eleetiiperntte. Tes i cad a A te Ad tees Seis yt A DA " 3 ete Mabry: ATCA Thad ale eGR MT A MIOATTAD > A So id Ce ae Peni ay. Sie iy Vivieiee th yewe > ae - ‘ a a A ; p ; < a aye. . jn Sea pitiaisiei i Wutrines., hi 4) oa at _ ~ a Lave Zee * : > Wa TSU fae me daa | ; HELE {i : Rel ‘ MP OUR Amt a): = CN xa i 1 AAP m, bi : " ; pe? «f. ATLOT Lund bind Baek ts a3 mies 4) “Gib Le P ~ 7 = Pairk irk Te wird FEELS ahora shee os Pepe) af PERN PL AV fae 1 a.) adi ‘EU VAAG wr bal a a Ae AY ia ss y is ie ; pee } A er or nce ST 7] j sz: = aids‘ : ; re Re ic A Ash bd! hi } H Exley rein : oe it Aled eh «i ; : ; We i) (APA ANGS ee: i. apps | ibm AVAL cae nee of? ; ‘ ree i) Ato one Gea.” Senge t & HED iy ee LE PM aoe ; + att pvier etc ‘ POTTS IE |. oh? Bas A245 a : Za OT fie T Ab thier aes ‘tn ale ‘ eet Rh (ehh! Te , OD, io Feces ae ) i ve : yrreey ; s hf ua 1 whew : P; sy one fT ot DO. vr as : phtong)hcOii srl Ue yigs i ae i =k fem 0 by Lay ; OT Ce ‘ Po Lahey onthe baa’ OM ae ; pe = ie acdted nienigi PP MRR § vit eta nRES iN ‘ huh Apa ie hh Ole Tan rr Owy oe / mn Ne, Sa da?e Ae ills oa 8 de He Tid ba a Tila serous. wf Me apni sthes AGI EE ay Ce Up r he collate go } Re : (nS B | Tae Ca 4 as ie nes 9 ae ge cA Lai SB Pn AM Ee : Ey. a ed ame bite pear, 9M ee nt 28 canta =, SAGS wesley Hao. pont ’ “ bs, Sr ptale Gy Rly en pee at yaa CH) COR WAR: i eS rp a pewtoiisrey:t tile a a ae AA janis vos +e wriphi > Tak th OF CONCHOLOGY. 85 Il. FOREIGN. British. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. xiii., 3d series, No. 74, February, 1864.* Characters of Coilostele, an undescribed genus of Auricu- lacea(?) and of species of Helix, Pupa and Ancylus from India, West Africaand Ceylon: BY W. H. BENSON. Cotlostele scalaris. Pupa gutta. Helix palmaria. «< eurina. “ contracta, Hutton, MS. “ — ofella. Pups Thibetica. Ancylus Ceylanicus. Mr. Benson suspects that M. Bourguignat’s Ancylus Bacon’, represented to be from Bengal, isreally Australian. A. verrucai Bens., Ann. and Mag., January, 1865, is believed to be the sole Indian species. Notes on some Molluscous Animals from the seas of China and Japan: BY ARTHUR ADAMS. Desc. of Photinula quesita, A. Ad.,and of the animals of Serpulus Adamst, Morch, Pilidium commodum, Midd., Eburna Japonict, Reeve, Cancellaria Spengleriana, Desh., Turcica con- stricta, Gould, and Glyphis guadriradiata, Sowb. On the Classification of the Gasteropodous Mollusca: BY M. GOURIET. “ A division of the Gasteropoda founded on the generative organs presents this radical defect, that many species reputed to be hermaphrodite are constantly being found to be unisexu- al, and further that Mollusca evidently nearly allied, such as the Helices and Cyclostomata, are necessarily separated on the consideration of their sexual organs. Therefore most authors have justly selected the respiratory apparatus as the basis of classification, since the position of this organ determines the position of the heart and generally that of the anus. In the classifications generally followed, such as that of Cuvier, however, orders are found to be established upon various characters of unequal importance although generally derived from the respiratory apparatus. Thus the Nudibranchs are generally characterized by their uncovered branchiz, al- though with a restriction for the separation of the Infero- branchs, which are really also Nudibranchs. Elsewhere only the pectinated form of the organs is considered, as in the Pec- tinibranchs, although in other divisions, such as the Tecti- *No. 73, January, 1865, has not been received by us. 86 AMERICAN JOURNAL branchs, this form of the branchize sometimes occurs. The term Tectibranch also conveys to the mind the same sense as Scutibranch. The expression Tubvlibranch would seem to indicate a tubular form of the branchiz, when it only refers to the tubular form of the animal. In the case of the Heteropoda the branchize are set aside, and a character of subordinate val- ue, the form of the foot, is set on the same level as those of the preceding divisions. The word Cyclobranch would perhaps be the most suitable, but for the confusion between them and the Inferobranchs, if taken literally. In fact, in the establishment of orders, the position and form of the branchiz, the form of the foot, and the general form of the animal have all been placed in the same rank, without as- signing to any one of them a marked pre-eminence over the others. ‘T'o remedy this defect the author proposes, taking the respiratory apparatus as his basis, to select the most important of its characters, and to establish the primary divisions upon this. He considers the position of the branchize to furnish the most important character. The branchie can only occupy three positions: they are either. Completely external ; Or completely internal, and then concealed in a cavity which is itself covered by a shell which usually envelopes the animal; Or simply protected by an imperfect test, a condition inter- mediate between the two preceding. Hence, after the separation of the Pulmonata asa distinct subclass, we get three great divisions,—the Hxobranchs, the Stegibranchs, and the Endobranchs. I. The order of ExoBRANCHS may be subdivided, according to the point of the surface upon which the branchiz are insert- ed, into— 1. Epibranchs, which have them on the back (Doris, Glabellina, &c.) . Peribranchs, which have them round the mantle (Zritonza, Glaucus, Scyllea, Plocamocera, &c.) The Holide would be allied to both the Epibranchs and Peribranchs. . Hypobranchs (the Inferobranchs of Cuvier). The Thetydes would approximate all three Orders. 4, Pleurobranchs, which have the branchiz on the side (Pleuro- branchus, Pleurobranchidium, Laniogera, &c.) The Pleuro- branchs lead both to the Stegibranchs by their small test, and to the bulk of the Endobranchs by the pectinated form of the branchie. II. The order of SrgecipRANcHS would include four di- visions :— 1. Stegibranchs proper, corresponding to the Tectibranchs of bo iw) OF CONCHOLOGY. 8T Cuiver (without the Pleurobranchs) and to the Scutibranchs of the same author. 2. Cyclobranchs, corresponding with Cuvier’s group. 3. Heteropod Stegibranchs (Heteropoda of Cuvier,) which, if we take Caurinaria asthe type, have the heart and branchiz within a small shell. The shelless Heteropoda must_ be left with Carinaria. 4, The Ianthine, which have their branchial lamine half con- cealed by the shell, and which, like the Heteropoda, deserve to be separated on account of their curious appendage. Their pectinated branchiz also form a transition from the Stegibranchs to the Endobranchs. Ill. The order of ENDoBRANCHS would correspond with the Pectinibranchs and Tubulibranchs of Cuvier. They may be divided into Turbinata and Tubulata. 1. The Turbinata (the old Pectinibranchs) might retain the old Cuvierian sabdivisions, or the much more natural division of De Blainville into Siphonobranchs and Asiphonobranchs. 2. The Tubulata are the old Tubulibranchs. Comptes Rendus, Nov. 16, 1863, p. 826.” No. 75, April, 1864. Ff On the Species of Nexra, found tn the Seas of Japan: BY ARTHUR ADAMS. Several new species are described, and the following new sub-genera :— Rhinomya, Cardiomya, Leptomya, Leiomya, Endopleura. Characters of new Land Shells from the Mahabaleshwar Mills in Western India and from Agra in the Northwest Provinces: BY W. H. BENSON. Achatina Arthuri, Helix Neherensis, Carychium Boysianum. No. 76, April, 1864. On some new Genera ard Species of Mollusca, from the Seas of China and Japan: BY A. ADAMS. Callocardia, n. g. Hucharis Recluzt. C. guittata. ry Gouldt. Lacra Japonica. ‘ Stimpsoni. Thecodonta, a. 2. Leptoconchus rostratus. LT. Sieboldi. Opalia exquisita. Bucardia Cuming. Smaragdinella Sieboldi. Diagnoses of new Forms of Mollusks, collected at Cape St. Lucas, by Mr. J. Xantus : BY P. P. CARPENTER, Asthenotherus, n. g. Lucina lingualis. A. villosior. Crenella inflata. Solemya valvulus. Bryophila, n. g. 88 AMERICAN JOURNAL Tellina ochracea. Psammobia regularis. Callista pollicaris. “. spuella. B. setosa. Atys casta. Ischnochiton parallelus. “é prasinatus. a Levicardium apicinum. serratus. No. 77, May, 1864. Note on Mr. Carpenter’s Paper: BY LOVELL REEVE. No. 78, June, 1864. On the Classification of the Cyclostomacea of Eastern Asia: BY WM. T. BLANFORD. New Genera. Cyclotopsis. Type, C. semistriatus, Sowb. Jerdonia. «Jd. trochlea, Bens. Cyathopoma. “ _ C. filocinctum, Bens. Lagocheilus, Theobald, MS. Type,@. sciss’margo, Bens. Craspedotropts, (sub-gen.) Type, C. involvulus, Mull. Georissa. (near Hydrocena,) Type, G. pyxis, Bens. Diagnoses of new Forms of Mollusks, from Cape St. Lucas, &c., continued: BY P. P. CARPENTER. Nacella peltordes. Narica aperta. Acmea atrata. Fossarus parcipictus. “ ~ strigatella. “purus. Glyphis saturnalis. Littorina pullata. Hucosmia(sub-gen. re- “ penicillata. sembling Phasia- nella.) Hucosmia variegata. . substriata. ss punctata. # cyclostoma. Haplocochlias, (close to Ethalia.) ‘ Cyclophoreus. Rissoa albolirata. Fenella crystallina, Hydrobia compacta. Hyala rotundata. Diala electrina. Acirsa Menesthoides. Cynthia asteriaphila. Bittium nitens. Descriptions of new Species of Helix and Pupa, from the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope: BY W. H. BENSON. Helix Arnotti. “ phytostylus. “ capsula. “ Hudsoniz. prionacris. “ Browningit. Helix omphalion Pupa Fryana. “ pamphorodon. ‘¢ dadion. “Layard. OF CONCHOLOGY. $9 No. 79, July, 1864. Outlines of the Geology of the Maltese Islands, with descrip- tions of the Brachiopods: BY THOS. DAVIDSON. Diagnoses of new Forms of Mollusca, from Cape St. Lucas, &c., continued: BY P. P. CARPENTER. Mangelia subdiaphana. Opalia crenatoides. Drillia appressa. Truncaria eurytoides. Cithara fusconotata. Sistrum rufonolatum. Obeliscus variegatus. Nitidella millepunctata. Odostomia sxquisculpta. “ densilineata. i. delicatula. Anachis tincta. Chrysalliaa angusta. « fuscostrigata. KHulima fuscostrigata. Pisania elata. No. 80, August, 1864. On a new British Species of Rissoa: BY E, WALLER. Rissoa Jeffreys. On the Present State of Malacological Nomenclature: BY P. P. CARPENTER. We republish this article :— “ At a time when the British Association are about to revise their ‘Rules,’ it may be worth while to collect the experience of workers in different branches of science. F The nomenclature of Mollusca is not only in a most unset- tled condition, but there seems no hope of bringing leading writers to an agreement on any first principles. Dr. Gray, whose contributions to malacology are second to none, and whose position at the head of the department in the British Museum would alone give the greatest weight to his example, has systematically ignored the principles on which the British Association Rules are based. The Messrs. Adams in England, Morch in Copenhagen, many of the German and most of the rising American naturalists take the same course. In France the influence of Lamarck has restrained the modern antiqua- rian imnovation. Existing writers may be divided into two classes—(1) those who profess the absolute law of priority, and (2) those who accept it with limitations. The advocates of ‘ mere priority’ claim that their rule is the only one which admits of fixed application. It is granted that, if limitations are once allowed, there will be differences of opinion as to their amount: but does the refusal of limitations produce uniformity? Putting aside the variations of opinion as to the greater or less division of genera, how can authors be brought to agree as to wherein the naming of a form consists ? Those who compare Dr. Gray’s ‘Guide’ with Adams’ ‘Genera,’ 90 AMERICAN JOURNAL or Dr. Gray’s generic names at one date with his names at an- other, will find that the mere-priority rule is thoroughly uncer- tain in its application, principally in consequence of the very loose definitions, and probably loose ideas of the early writers. A modern author thinks that Klein or Link meant by a certain name a genus existing in his own mind, which he accordingly calls Tanis, Aven. Buta second author thinks (and is quite sure he is right in thinking) that TALis, Ale’n, means what is now considered a different genus, and alters the first author’s series of names accordingly. Perhaps Klein meant neither the first, nor the second, nor both; but had a vague idea which it is now only confusing to endeavor to reproduce. ‘The mere- priority writers often judge of the old authors by their types or figures; but even the Linnean genera cannot thus be under- stood, and many authors place their typical species in the middle of the series. Once more, among the mere-priority writers, some accept a name only if published with description or figure; others, if the name be printed in a list or catalogue; others, if the name be written in a public, and others, even in a private collection. But perhaps the namer has only spoken the name, or merely thought it; according to the strictest law of priority, might not even these claim precedence ? Ifthe principle of limitation be once allowed, questions of detail can be debated and settled with tolerable ease ; and if one author calls his species Grayi, another grayi, and a third Grayana, we all know what is meant, and that may suffice. But ifa modern author quotes a Cyclas, a Capsa, or a Siliquaria, who knows what is meant ? Nomenclature clearly is for USE, not for honor or fancy. That is the best which (1) expresses what it means, and (2) can- not mean anything else. That moreover is publication, in the highest sense; which is found to be in universal use. If in property there is a statute of limitations, and a given number of years’ undisturbed possession is tantamount to a right, is there not the same reason for limiting property in a name ? Why should not long accepted Lamarckian names be regarded as much sacred as are considered those of Linnzeus. If such are the difficulties of settling the lancuage ofthe past, not much less are those of the present. In old times a Bucet- num, a Bulla, a Mya, meant almostanything. In Lamarckiah times, a Chiton, a Cerithium, a Pleurotoma meant what would now be called a family. If a writer describes under these genera, we know at least in what large division to search for bis species. But if he describes a issoa, a Modelia, a Trunca- tella, we have a right to suppose he means what he says, and OF CONCHOLOGY. 91 cannot be expected to look for his species in another suborder. of his Risso proves to be a Chrysallida, his Modelia a Lacuna, and his Truncatella a Hydrobia, is he entitled to priority if his ‘successor, anxiously desirous to make out his species, has been compelled through necessary ignorance to redescribe? Very often neither the diagnosis nor the figure represent the real shell. Ifan author, seeing one object “before his eyes, which he calls his type, describes another, and sends a third to the Cumingian collection to represent his species, for which must his name stand? Does it not really belong to the zdea in his own mind which is embodied in his diagnosis, or (if an artist) in his figure, rather than to the shell which is not represented by either one or the other? A truthful name therefore, even though second or third in time, may be more useful to science than a false: one given first. Space only allows us to point out one more difficulty in modern nomenclature. In old times a species (and even a genus) was supposed to be clearly defined. The Darwinian theory offers a satisfactory explanation of some facts in nature, to many who are not prepared fully to accept it. Every worker among large series finds forms which may or may not prove conspecific With other s, the evidence not being as yet conclusive; he describes these as doubtful ?varieties. Does not the careful naming and description of a form establish a claim for priority, whether by succeeding writers that form be regarded as a variety, a species, or even a genus? It depends much on habit of mind whether authors prefer to work by large or by minute divisions. When we speak of Callista undulata, it is a matter of little consequence whether Callista be regarded as a sub-genus of Cytherea or a Separate genus, whether undulata be regarded as a variety of planulata ora distinct species. What is of consequence is, that all the scientific world should have the means of knowing at once what group of forms are included in Callista, what kind of individuals in wndulata. YVirst, then, we need accurate des- criptions, then these descriptions condensed into useful nomen- clature. Science being a republic, there is no chance of even the forthcoming Rules of the British Association being con- sidered obligatory. But many persons who will not allow themselves to be ruled, against what they consider a princi- ple, may yet be brought to make concessions. ‘The Academi- cians had great success in fixing the French language. Why should there not be a congress of malacological authors®, un- dertaken ina spirit of mutual respect, who should fix such names to existing genera as in each case should prove most * This was proposed, for naturalists in general, by Dr. Stimpson: vide ‘Silliman’s Journal,’ for March, 1860, pp. 289-293. 99 AMERICAN JOURNAL useful because most widely or easily understood? If travel- ing is dear, postage is cheap. At present, to teach the science is almost hopeless ; to labor in it is fraught to each worker with the unnecessary sacrifice of most valuable time. All consi- derations of supposed honor to individuals, whether dead or living (which often is equivalent to dishonor, because evi- dence of work done badly,) ought to give way to the manifest benefit, we might also say necessity, of using words to express a given meaning in science, as we do in common life.” Wo. 81, September, 1864. Descriptions of Twenty-six new Species of Australian Land- shells: BY JAMES ©. COX, M. D. Helice Bloomfieldi. Succinea Macgillivray?. conoidea. “ — rhodostoma. “ Lyndhurstensis. Pupa Kingi. “ Mitchelle. Pupina Wilcoxt. ‘( Mastersi. Pupinella Maegillivrayt. “ — microscopica. r Whartoni. “Ss Mort. Helicina Gladstonensis. hire gin. Helix costulata. ‘¢ Strondensis. Pupa Ramsayt. “ marmorata. Bulimus Walli. ‘« . Strangeordes. s Onslow. “ Parramattensis. “ Jacksonensis. “ — Nortont. Species of Mollusca obtained in Corunna Bay: BY R. M’ANDREW AND H. WOODWARD. Among the 150 species enumerated are Cassis Saburon, Lam.., “‘aorees exactly with Reeve’s description and figure, but locality given for latter—Japan ;” Cyprea condidula, Gask., frequent at one particular locality. 'The species inhabits the Madeira and Canary Islands, and has not previously been de- tected in Hurope. Solarium Mediterranea, Lam., is roported for the first time, on the Atlantic coasts north of Gibralter. The genera Ringicula, Mitra, Solarium, Solemya, and the species Cyprea candidula, Scalaria crenata, Dentalium dentate, Auricula Firminii, Chiton fulvus, Cardium ciliare and Lucina digitalis are supposed here to reach their northern limit, while Lucuna puteolus is the only northern species which reaches its southern limit in the neighborhood of Corunna. Cassis, Murea Edwardsii, Purpura hemastoma, Mangelia elegans and Lucina pecten have been found on the coast of Asturias, and appear to extend to the Spanish or French shores of the Bay of Biscay. OF CONCHOLOGY. 93 No. 82, October, 1864. Descriptions of new Species of Fluviatile and Terrestrial Operculate Mollusca, from Trinidad ; BY R. J. LECHMERE GUPPY. Ampullaria purpurascens. Cyclotus rugatus. Bithinia spiralis. Adamsiella aripensis. Valvata agglutinans. Helicina zonata. Cyclotus Trinitensis. barbata. This fresh description of Phryganie as Valvate is amus- ing; naturalists seem resolved to consider them Mollusca! Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society, voi. xx., parts 1, 2,3; Feb. to Aug., 1864. Each 96 pp. 4s. These numbers are full of very interesting papers, well illustrated by lithographic plates. Transactions Zoological Society, London, v., part 3; 4to 1864. Notice of a collection of Nudibranchiate Mollusca, made in India, by Walter Elliot, Lisq., with descriptions of several new Genera and Species: BY JOSHUA ALDER AND ALBANY HANCOCK. 36 pp.,with 6 colored plates. Sowerby. Thesaurus Conchyliorum, part 23,1864. Colored, 25s., plain, 16s. Contains monographs cf Cyclostrema, Adeorbis, Teinostoma, by Arthur Adams. Argonauta, Pomatias, by G. B. Sowerby. Also, 3 plates illustrating a monograph of the family Pupr- nide, by A. Adams and G. B. Sowerby, the text of which will be published in part 24. Cyclostrema contains 28 species, Adeorbis 21 species, Te’nostoma 8 species. Ofthese the large proportion of 389 species were first described by the author. 2 plates. Six species of Argonauta and eleven of Pomatias are descri- bed, illustrated by two plates and one plate respectively. Voluta and Melo are completed from the last part, with 4 ad- ditional plates. The following are the illustrations of Pupinide, Megalomastoma, Policaria, 1 plate. Cataulus, Registoma, Raphaulus, 1 plate. Pupina, Pupinella, Callia, 1 plate. Mr. Sowerby announces that part 24 will complete the 3d Volume of the Thesaurus, and the present Series. The Volu- tide will shortly appear separately as a monogpaph; other Genera and Families as completed, will be published in the same way. Accompanying the Thesaurus is a pamphlet, con- taining, with a colored plate, descriptions by G. B. Sowerby of Voluta Elliot’, Conus nodulosus, Hburna Borneensis. 94 AMERICAN JOURNAL Conchologica Iconica: BY LOVELL REEVE. | Venus, (Keb. 1864.)—Completeing the Monograph, which was | commenced in 1868 and now numbers 141 species, with 26 plates. 21 of the species are new.) (Another monograph of Venus is publishing as a Supplement to Novitates Conchologicae, by Hd. Roemer.) Dione, (Feb. 1864.)—62 species, 6 of them new. 12 plates. Circe, “ “ 49 ‘c ii uc 6 10 6 Oytherea, (Jan. Feb. 1864.)—49 species, 8 ofthem new. 10 plates. Tapes, (OH Marte ti iehDos fy Tide cpticoulei ayers Meroe, (March 1864.)—12 species, 1 of them new. 8 plates. Solarium, (April 1864.)—21 species, d plates. German. On the Family Rissoide, II., Genus Risso. By a. swARTZ VON MOH- RENSTERN. 4to., 58 pp.. 4 pl., 3 of them colored. Gerold Vienna, 1864, Fourty-seven species are enumerated, a number of which are fossil or sub-fossil. SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE. oO NoTE ON THE GENUS SIMNIA, Risso. H. & A. Adams (Genera, i. 273,) adopt this genus, giving as synonyms, Scymnia Leach, Volva, Flem., not Bolt., Calpurna, Flem., for a group of Ovule; and thus characterise it. “Shell thin, involute, oblong, subfusiform; aperture ex- panded, contracted at both ends into short pointed canals; inner lip straight, slightly twisted in front; outer lip simple, acute, arcuated.” Mantle margin simple, tuberculated; foot long, broad, not longitudinally folded. Three species of this genus are named, viz :— Aperta, Sowb., patula, Pennant, wniplicata, Sowb. The first of these is figured by Sowb., Thesaur. Conchyl, pl. 107, fig. 106, 107, (Desc., No. 86,) from a single specimen in possession of Mr. Hanley; locality unknown. Notwithstanding Mr. Sowerby’s assertion that the shell is mature, it does not from the figure appear to us to be so. S. patula, Pennant, (Sowb., pl. 101, f. 105, 118, Text, No. 35,) an English species, is, according to Forbes & Hanley, an in- habitant of the south-western coasts, Lands-End, &c., and OF CONCHOLOGY. 95 ranges to the Mediterranean. It is undoubtedly the same as Adriaticum, Sowb. (Thes. 99, f. 138, 14, sp. 12,) which has a thickened inflected denticulate outer lip. The patulwm is not mature. I find in a series from Torbay, presented by Sowerby to the Academy of Natural Sciences, one specimen that 7s thus thickened, and also in the Adriaticum, Sowb., (Ex. Auct.,) one immature species which is exactly like the patulwm. Patulum has priority as the specific name, and Adriaticwm must be placed in its synonymy. The third species, S. uniplicata, Sowb. (Thes., pl. 100, £. 80- 32, sp. 85,) has a very prominently thickened lip. It is excel- lently well figured. Specimens from South Carolina and Georgia, are in the Academy’s collection. The genus Simnia, therefore, bereft of its species, will not stand, and must be considered synonymous with Amphiperas, Gronov., (Ovula Brug.,) into which its three species merge. British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1864. Papers Read. On the Natural History and Cultivation of the Oyster. By F. BUCKLAND. On the Mollusca of Bath. BY J. E. DANIELL. We notice the following among the Committees appointed: For Dredging the Coast of Aberdeenshire. For Dredging the Coasts of the Channel Islands. For Investigating the Marine Fauna and Flora of Southern Coasts of Cornwall and Devon. The name of J. G. Jeffreys appears on each of these Com- mittees, and those of Mr. McAndrew, and the Rev. Mr. Norman on the second. Prof. Haldeman’s valuable collections of shells and fossils have been acquired by Meadville College, Pennsylvania. We have received from Messrs. Westermann & Co., New York, ‘Schmidt's Natural History Catalogue,” for 1864, con- taining many rare and valuable works on Conchology; also a list of species of Land and Fresh Water Shells from Turkey, &e., which will be sold at 1-6 thaler each species. The collection of Prof. Grandidier is also advertised for sale in this Catalogue. It consists of 1677 species, and the price is 200 thalers. Among the papers which will appear in future numbers of this Journal, we may name :— Descriptions of new African Helices. BY A. D. BROWN. Descriptions of a new Melania vnd Monocondylea fram Pegu, (with colored plate.) J, G@, ANTHONY. 96 AMERICAN JOURNAL Descriptions of new American Unionide, (with colored plates.) BY J. G. ANTHONY. Descriptions of new Fossil Testacea, (with plates.) BY. A. CONRAD. Review of the Goniobases of Oregon, of California, (with plate.) BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. Descriptions of new Species of Fresh Water Shells from the Pacific States, (with colored plate.) BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. On the Classification and Geographical Distribution of the Family Strepomatide. GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. Several other papers are also being prepared for us by Messrs. Binney, Conrad, and others. The attention of Conchologists is requested to the adver- tisement of a “Collection of Shells for Sale,” printed on the third page of our cover. The late Judge Cooper was very proud of this collection, which cost him much time and trouble to accumulate. It is particularly rich in marine shells, including over 2600 species of these, besides several hundred fluvatile and. terrestrial species. Mr. P. P. Carpenter, writing about this cabinet re- inarks, “It contains a peculiarly valuable series of West Coast shells, of West Indian species of authentic localities, and of Hast Coast species. This admirable collection we trust will pass entire into pos- session of some Scientific Institution, College, or Public Society, who, by acquiring it, will secure authoritively named and scientifically arranged cabinet, ready for immediate use in identifying, and studying the species of American Marine Mollusca. + “ 1 ‘ ‘ ' = > . F a i . E i x i — t fs i 11 f it Se i i ; i V4 1 f + i \ Aad Sin > + ' i ha \ 1 1 ) 1 Hl ) I l TAS i } ul by i ‘ Wy t , i { H : j q ue a Ve a ole 4 bee Ae tt te { é ' ‘ j ? my fi i} ‘ ‘ tis ‘ . > ba . . ‘ j , y A ? tas ¥ i i . i \ - p ! ¢ ¥ 7 r I i yy AX IVE, We, a: eC Ae IND JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY. Wan. +1. APRIL 15, 1865. No. 2. OBSERVATIONS ON THE FAMILY STREPOMATIDZ:. BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. 1. CLASSIFICATION. 9. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. THE following paper is the result of my investigations during the preparation of a monograph of the family, under- taken at the request of, and to be published by, the Smithsonian Institution. I am greatly indebted to its Chief, Prof. Jos. Henry, for granting permission to use any of the numerous wood-cuts which have been prepared for the monograph. As I have already published, in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, a full synonymy of the genera and species of Strepomatide, in the present paper I will discuss only general considerations relating to their classification and distribution I trust I may be excused ' for the extensive quotations which it has been thought necessary to make in the portion of the paper relating to classification. I have endeavored to preseut the whole history of the subject in such a manner as to save the trouble of reference to the numerous publications in which the papers quoted from have appeared. 98 AMERICAN JOURNAL 1. Classification—Swainson, who may be considered the originator of the modern system of classification of the Mol- lusca (as hé was the first general conchologist who, breaking through the trammels of Lamarckian nomenclature, inaugura- ted the work since so boldly and successfully continued by Dr. Gray and Messrs. H. & A. Adams.) had, unfortunately, very little knowledge of the affinities with the other Mollusca, of the so- called Melanians inhabiting both America and the Old World, since he has confounded them with marine shells under his family Zurbide ; but, notwithstanding this error in the disposition of the whole group, he had the sagacity to separate into numerous, and generally well-characterized, genera, the incongruous matériel which Lamarck had allowed to remain under one generic name,—Melania. Messrs. H. & A. Adams* approach more closely to the present ideas of conchologists relating to this subject, by sepa- rating from, but placing in close neighborhood to, the Cerithiade, their family Melaniide, of which they admit two subfamilies, Melaniine including those shells with “aperture simple in front, without a distinct notch,” — various genera of Melanians ; and a second subfamily, characterized by a notched aperture to the shell, including Melanopsis, Lam. Dr. Gray, the only other recent systematist who has investigated the subject,t adopts a family Aelaniadx, including the subfamilies R7s- soaina, Melaniaina, Triphorina, Scalarina, and Ltiopina, with a heterogeneous assemblage of marine and fluviatile genera; the Melaniaina comprising all the genera of American and exotic Melanians, the Cerithians, and the shells which I recently separated under the family name of Amnicolide. It is strange that neither Huropean nor American concholo- gists who have studied this family have availed themselves until quite recently of the obvious differences, both in shell and animal, between the American and Oriental forms, for their complete separation, notwithstanding the fact that Prof. Haldeman showed our Melanians to have a plain or entire margin to their mantle, whilst the Oriental species had the mantle-margin fringed, thus allying the latter more closely with the Cerithians than with the so-called American Mela- nians. Dr. Brot, a gentleman who has devoted much attention to the Melanians, remarks{ that the generally adopted classifica- tion of the family is very confused and uncertain, but does not attempt to propose a new one. * Genera of Recent Mollusca, i. 293. + List of the Genera of Recent Mollusca, Proceed. Zool. Soc., London, 1847. + Cat. syst. des Especes qui composent la Famille des Melaniens. OF CONCHOLOGY. 99 Mr. Lovell Reeve, who has published an elaborate mono- graph of the family,* in his preface assigns to the animals of all the species a fringed mantle-margin. Prof. S.S. Haldeman was the first naturalist who detected the difference between our own and thé Oriental Melanians;+ but he did not at that time apply the results of his examina- tions to their obvious separation into two families. Mr. Isaac Lea in 1862 proposed a new genus of Melanians, Goniobasis,{ which, with other genera previously admitted, and including Melania, Lam., he still continued to regard as _be- longing to the family Melaniide, although in a foot-note he writes, “I very much doubt if we have a single species in the United States which properly belongs to this genus.” Mr. Theodore Gill, in a recent paper on the classification of our fluviatile Mollusca,§ assigns the following characters to the family MWelaniidee :— “Teeth of lingual membrane, 3:1:3; gills concealed; ros- trum moderately produced and entire or simply notched ; foot not produced beyond the head; branchiz uniserial; lateral jaws present. “Aperture of shell acuminate behind; generally chan- nelled at front; size moderate. “The family of Melaniide is here restricted to exclude Faunus, Montfort (— Pyrena, Lam.,) Melanatria, Bowditch, Melatoma, Sw. (= Clionella? Gray), Melanopsis, Lam., Vibex, Oken, and Hemisinus, Sw. These appear to belong to a dis- tinct family, equally distinguished by the projecting foot of the animal and the notch of the aperture of its shell. “The family may be named Melanopide. “The other genera or subgenera that have been proposed scarcely appear to exist in nature. Fy * - 5S “The American Melaniide form a peculiar subfamily,— Ceriphasine.” Subsequently, in a foot-note,| Mr. Gill mentions the reason which caused him to make the above subfamily. “The American Melaniide, so far as I know, have not a fringed mantle, and, consequently, belong to a different group.” We readily admit the propriety of separating the Melanopide from Melaniide, as a distinct family, and only wonder that Mr. Gill did not make a family of Ceriphasinie, as the distinct- ive characters of the animal so far as known to us, and of the * Conchologica Iconica,—Melania, Anculotus, lo, Melatoma. t Amer. Jour. Science, xli. 1, 21. ¢ Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences, May, 1862. $Systematic Arrangement of the Mollusks of the Family Viviparidex, and others, inhabiting the United States.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, p. 33 Feb., 1863. , | Ibid. p. 85. 100 AMERICAN JOURNAL shell undoubtedly, are quite as important as those which he assigns to his Melanopide. When we come to consider the geographical distribution of the two groups, the reasons for this separation are still more obvious. We find the JMela- nopiilee distributed over both hemispheres, while the Ceripha- sine are entirely restricted to North America, to the exclu- sion almost entirely of the Melanopide, and totally of the fringe- mantled Melantide. We find them inhabiting this faunal province in immense numbers of species, exuberantly varied in form, size, weight and color, presenting a number of de- scribed (and many undescribed) genera, in fact, exhibiting all that redundancy of character and isolation of position which are the sure indications of a primordial separate existence.* The publication of Mr. Gill’s paper re-directed Prof Halde- man’s attention to the subject, which he had left unfinished in his investigations at an earlier period; and the result is the publication of a short but important paper in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, September, 1865, en- titled, ‘On Strepomatid asa Name for a Family of Fluviatile Mollusca usually confounded with Melania,” wherein he finally separates our species as a distinct family, remarking that the Oriental Melanians are not so nearly allied to ours as they are to the Cerithiade,—with which conclusion we cordi- ally agree. We have, therefore, adopted the name Strepomatide as in- dicating a distinct family, m preference to the prior name of *Tt has become fashionable lately to disparage the value of the mere shells as a means of distinguishing generic and family groups, and to rely wholly on such differences as may be ‘found in the animals. Without deny - ing the great importance which should properly be accorded to the latter, we would insist that, in general, the expression of these differences may be observed in the shell, and that at least very few generic distinctions have been made from the study of the animals which have not been also indi- cated plainly enough by the shell. The study of Malacology is yet in its infancy, and those who figure in it are very apt to give undue importance to the characters on which they rely for building up theirsystems. To in- vestigate how many characters of form or function have successively been called forth as the mostimportant to stand godfathersat the baptisms of new genera, would be curious, but lamentable. One thing is certain, that genera founded on the shells alone are always found to be corroborated by ‘the study of the animals, while many genera founded on differences in the animal have remained unverified, and will continue so, owing to the undue importance given to the difference of form relied on for the generic distinction. We do not regard the differences, so far as discovered, in the animals of our so-called Melanians from the Oriental Melandide, as of sufficient import- ance to justify their separation: We are contented to separate them upon considerations connected with the shell only and with geographical distri- bution, and accept the differences in the animals as merely corroborative, for the present, believing, however, that other and more important distine- ive characters will reward the industry and skill of some future Malaco- ogist. OF CONCHOLOGY. 101 Ceriphasine, the <doption of which would still leave our species in connection as a subfamily with shells to which they are not at all closely related. In endeavoring to eliminate, from the rather confused synonymy, generic and subgeneric groups of Strepomatide, some difficulty is encountered at the threshold, on account of the various opinions held by the different naturalists who have studied them, regarding the relative importance which should be assigned to various characters of the shell, in constituting these divisions. The genus Hemisinus, Swainson (Basistoma, Lea,) belongs to Mr. Gill’s family Melanopide. The little Paludomus brevis, D’Orb., of the West Indies, is apparently the American repre- sentative of an exotic genus; the large tuberculate Melanians of Central America, and the smooth Pachycheili of that country and of Mexico, probably do not belong to our family Strepomatide. Thus the range of the species of the family may be con- sidered as restricted within the borders of the United States.* Swainson formed the following curious generic system for the shelis under consideration :—+ Family TURBID 4. (Subfamilies Ampullarinw, Melaniane, Turbine, Janthine.) Subfamily MELANIAN 4. Genus PALUDOMUS, Swainscn. Subgenus ANCULOSA, Say. Genus MELANIA, Lam. Subgenus HEMISINUS, Swainson. Genus MELANopsis, Lam. Subgenus MELAFUSUS, Swainson. Subfusiform, the base contracted, and the aperture and spire nearly equal. 1 species. America. (= Io.) Subgenus MELATOMA, Swains. Fusiform, longitudinally ribbed; a deep sinus at the top of the outer lip; base contracted, channel wide. MM. costata. (This species, mistaken by some for our genus Schizostoma, is actually an exotic marine shell = genus Clionella.) * Threc or four are extra-limital, inhabiting Cuba and Mexico ; but these do not constitute one per cent. of the whole number of species. + Manual of Malacology, 1840. 102 AMERICAN JOURNAL Genus CERITHIDEA, Swainson. Clavate, cerithiform; aperture subemarginate. Subgenus CERITHIDEA, Swains. Shell light, decollated ; outer lip semicircular, dilated by a flattened border; aperture emarginate. C. lineolata, Gri,’ Cur. 1 14, f. 4. ee Ibid. t. 32, f. 12. (= PorAaMIDES.) Subgenus CERIPHASIA, Swains. Cerithiform ; outer lip thin, dilated at the base; aperture small, slightly emarginate, without any internal groove; inner lip thin. C. sulcata, Sw., fig. 38. Founded on certain Ohio shells resembling Cerithidea ? It will be noticed that in the above classification Melafusus is a subgenus of Melanopsis, which belongs to the family Melanopidee, while Ceriphasia is a subgenus of Cerithidea, which includes shells belonging to the family Cerithiidee | Dr. Gray (Proceed. Zool. Soc., London, 1847, p. 153) makes the following division of his subfamily Melaniaina, which in many respects is very correct. He separates the exotic genera from the American, and of the latter quotes the following :— ANCULOTUS, Say, 1825. Anculosa, Swains., 1840—A. premorsa, Say. Melanopsis, sp., Moricand—J/. crenocarina.* Anculosa, sp., Anthony—Anc. rubiginosa. Melania, sp., Say—Melan. obovata. Mexatoma, Anthony, 184—? not Swains. 1840. Melat. altilis, Anthony. Io, Lea, 1832. Fusus, sp., Say, 1825. Seca Melafusus, Swains., 1840. Fusus fluviatilis, Say. Melania, sp., Say—el. armigera, Say. CERIPHASIA, Swains. 1840. Gray, Syn. 1844. Melania, sp., Say—Ceriphasia sulcata, Swains. ? Telescopella. Melania, sp., Say—Mel. undulata, Say. = Verena, H. & A. Adams: certainly not an Anculosa.—T. OF CONCHOLOGY. 103 GLOTELLA, Gray. Melania armigera, Say. Messrs. H. & A. Adams (Genera of Recent Mollusca) pro- pose the following classification :—* ‘“‘CERIPHASIA, Swainson, (i. p. 297.) Shell subfusiform, whorls transversely sulcate, the last an- culated; spire acuminated; aperture small, produced in front, with a small groove-like canal at the fore part; outer lip thin, posteriorly sinuated. Syn. Telescopella, Gray. Kx. @. canaliculata, Say, t.31, f. 6. The shell of Ceriphasia is covered with a dark-green epider- mis, and is more like that of Jo than any other of this family ; it may, however, be distinguished from Jo by the beak being shorter, and by the whorls being sulcated and not spiny.” acuta, Lea. luteosa, Gould. Alexandrensis, Lea. Ordiana, Lea. annulifera, Conr. regularis, Lea. canaliculata, Say. spurca, Lea. elongata, Lea. subularis, Lea. exarata, Lea. sulcosa, Lea. Haleiana, Lea. symmetrica, Wald. Kirtlandiana, Lea. Vainafa, Gould. lugubris, Lea. Virginica, Gmel.t “Genus PACHYCHEILUS, Lea, (i. 298.) Operculum subcrbicular, of several whorls. Shell subfusi- formly conical, smooth, solid ; aperture ovate, entire anteriorly ; columellar lip thickened posteriorly; outer lip thick. The chief pecuharity of this genus is the thickened outer lip; it differs from Melanopsis in having no sinus at the fore * We quote the full lists of species given by Messrs. Adams, in order that the insufficiency of their genera may become more apparent from the in- congruous assemblage of shells of which they have composed them. Prof. Haldeman writes (Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 274, Sept., 1863,) “The groups of Messrs. H. & A. Adams often indicate merely sections ; and sectional names given as generic are scicntifically erroneous, because they erect certain species into genera and subgenera only when they be- long to extensive groups, requiring numerous specific names, whilst the same amount of character goes for nothing in groups which have but few species.”’ + The species here assembled are principally Goniobases, but are included in Ceriphasia evidently because they are ‘‘transversely sulcate.’ MZ, Vir- ginica and its synonym multilineata are again introduced in Juga, a sub- genus of Vibex, Oken ! M. canaliculata, Say, is introduced, but wndulata, Say, does not appear, while jilwm, Lea, a very closely allied species, is placed in Hlimia, a sub- genus of Jo. 104 AMERICAN JOURNAL part of the aperture, and from Melania in having a callous columella. The operculum has the nucleus subcentral, and is composed of two or three spiral revolutions. dubiosus, Say. ferrugineus, Lea. simplex, Say.* “Subgenus PoTADOMA, Swainson, (i. 299.) Shell ovate, solid; spire short, whorls smooth; inner lip somewhat thickened; aperture produced in front; outer lip acute, simple. depygis, Say. ovoideus, Lea. gracilis, Lea. rufescens, Lea. inornatus, Anth. sordidus, Lea. levigatus, Lea. subcylindraceus, Lea. Niagarensis, Lea. subsolidus, Lea. Ocoeensis, Lea. Warderianus, Lea.t “ Genus Io, Lea, (i. p. 299.) Shell subfusiform, whorls spinose; aperture large, ovate, di- lated anteriorly, produced in front into a grooved beak; outer lip simple, acute. Syn. Melafusus, Swains., Clotella, Gray. Ex. J. fluviatilis, Say, t. 31, i. 8. Operculum, fi8 iow: The species of /o inhabit the rivers of North America; the shells, like those of most of the Melaniide, are covered with a brown, black, or olivaceous epidermis, and are remarkable for the peculiar elongation of the axis anteriorly, and for the spi- nose nature of the last whorl. armigera, Lea. pernodosa, Lea. Duttoniana, Lea. plicata, Lea. . Florentiana, Lea. robulina, Anthony. fluviatilis, Say. spinigera, Lea. fusiformis, Say. spinosa, Lea. nobilis, Lea. tenebrosa, Lea. pagodula, Gld. tuberculata, Lea.t ‘“Subgen. Exiimia, H. & A. Adams, (i. p. 300.) Shell fusiformly ovate ; whorls reticulate or nodulose, carinate in the middle; aperture graatly produced anteriorly ; outer lip thin, simple, acute. *The genus Pachycheilus was instituted by Mr. Lea to comprise a cer tain form of shells attaining their greatest numerical development in Cen- tral America. There are no shells inhabiting the United States which are congeneric with these; and Messrs. Adams have entirely mistaken the scope of the genus in including such species as simple. + = simplex, Say, which Messrs. Adams place in the genus Pachycheilus as typical ! + Among the species here enumerated are Angitreme, Anculosa, Lithasia, Strephobases, Goniobases, and Pleurocera. I. pagodita is an exotic species, and does not belong to the genus. OF CONCHOLOGY. 105 acuticarinata, Lea. catenoides, Lea. apis, Lea. elevata, Lea. bella, Conrad. filum, Lea. Boykiniana, Lea. Holstonia, Lea. ealiginos2, Lea. nodulosa, Lea. cancelluta, Say. Potosvensis, Lea. earinocostata, Lea. spinalis, Lea. catenaria, Say. torta, Lea. “ MELANTA, Lamarck. Subgen. Mentasma, H. & A. Adams, (i. p. 300.*) Shell solid; spire elevated, whorls smooth, longitudinally ph- cate; aperture produced anteriorly; inner lip simple, thin; outer lip acute, simple. blanda, Lea. Deshayesiana, Lea. brevispira, Anthony. Edgariana, Lea. claveeformis, Lea. laqueata, Say. Comma, Conr. Lecontiana, Lea. concinna, Lea. nitens, Lea. costulata, Lea. plicatula, Lea. crebricostata, Lea. plicifera, Lea. Curreyana, Lea. “Genus HEMISINUS, Swainson, (1. 302.) Shell subulate; whorls smooth, simple, numerous; aperture ovate, anteriorly contracted, canaliculate and emarginate in front; outer lip thin, crenulated at the edge. Syn. Tania, Gray, Basistoma, Lea. Ex. H. lineolatus, Wood, t. 32, f. 2, a, 6. This genus comprises many fine species of fresh-water shells, principally from South America, though a few have been re- garded as inhabitants of other countries. bulbosus, Gould. symmetricus, Conr. lneolatus, Wood.t “Genus VIBEX, Oken, (1. 305.) Shell turreted; whorls tuberculated, spirally ridged or mu- ricate; aperture subcircular, produced and broadly channelled in front; outer lip thin, simple. Syn. Clav/ger, Hald. Melania, Swains., not Lamarck. “Subgenus Juea, H. & A. Adams, (i. 304.) Shell thin; whorls rounded, transversely lirate or furnished with elevated transverse lines; aperture produced anteriorly ; outer lip simple, acute. * This genus — the plicate species of Goniobasis. M. brevispira, how- ever, is never plicate, although included with the species. } The first two enumerated do not belong to this genus, nor have they the slightest affinity with any of its species.—G. W. T., JR. 106 AMERICAN JOURNAL Buddii, Say.* proxima, Say. cireincta, Lea. Schiedeana Phil. exilis, Hald. silicula, Gld. multilineata, Say. striata, Lea. obruta, Lea. Troostiana, Lea. occata, Hinds. Virginica, Say. proteus, Lea. “Genus GYROTOMA, Shuttleworth, (i. 305.) Shell ovate, turreted; whorls transversely sulcate ; aperture oblong; inner lip thickened, with a posterior callosity ; outer lip thin, with a deep, narrow, posterior fisure. Syn. Schizostoma, Lea, not Bronn, Melatoma, Anthony, not Swainson, Schizocheilus, Lea. Ex. @. ovoidea, Shuttleworth, t. 32, f. 4, a, 6. The fissure in the outer lip is wanting or obsolete in the subgenus Megara, the species of which in other respects closely resemble those of Gyrotoma proper. Both groups are American in their geographical distribution. aliilis, Anthony. excisa, Lea. Babylonica, Lea. Foremani, Lea. Buddii, Lea. Juniculata, Lea. conica, Say. incisa, Lea. constricta, Lea. laciniata, Lea. curta, Migh.? ovoidea, Shuttl. curvata, Say. pagoda, Lea. cylindracea, Migh. ? pyramidata, Shuttl.t “Subgenus MecAra, H. & A. Adams, (i. p. 3806.) Shell ovate, solid; whorls transversely sulcate; aperture ovate-oblong, subcanaliculated anteriorly; outer lip thin, simple, acute. alveare, Conr. Hoeydei, Lea. arctata, Lea. impressa, Lea. auriculeformis, Lea. lateralis, Lea. basalis, Lea. lima, Conr. brevis, Lea. oliva, Lea. crebristriata, Lea. olivula, Conr. harpa, Lea. ovalis, Lea. Haysiana, Lea. pumila, Lea. * Should read Buddii, Lea. M. exilis, Hald., and prozima, Say, certainly do not belong here. I have already remarked upon AZ. Virginica and multilineata. t+ Mr. Anthony never described Gyrotoma altilis, ranked among these species. G. conica, Say, is the young of Plewrocera canaliculata. There are, besides, frequent mistakes in all these lists,in misquoting authorities.—T. OF CCONCHOLOGY. 107 solida, Lea. undulata, Say. torquata, Lea. Vanuxemiana, Lea.* “Genus Leproxis, Rafinesque, (1. 307.) Shell ovate or globose, solid, subperforate ; spire very short ; aperture oval; inner lip with a posterior callosity, often anteriorly callous and produced; outer lip thin, sinuous, with a posterior, ascending canal. Syn. Anculotus, Say, Anculosa, Swains., Ancylotus, Herm. Ex. L. prerosa, Say, t. 32, fig. 6, a, b. The species of this genus are peculiar to the North Ameri- can rivers; the spire of the shell has a truncated, eroded apex, and, in the typical species, the shell is solid and subzlobose, with the aperture simple in front. abrupta, Lea. pilula, Lea. angulata, Conr. pisum, Hald. crassa, Hald. plicata, Conr. flammata, Lea. prerosa, Say. fuliginosa, Lea. pumilis, Conr. fusca, Hald. rubiginosa, Lea. fusiformis, Lea. squalida, Lea. gibbosa, Lea. subglobosa, Say. globula, Lea. teenvata, Say. Griffithsiana, Lea. tintinnabulum, Lea. Hildrethiana, Lea. integra, Say. melanoides, Conr. Nickliniana, Lea. nigrescens, Conr. obtusa, Lea. trivittatus, DeKay. Troostiana, Lea. + turgida, Hald. variabilis, Lea. virgata, Lea. viridis, Leat picta, Conr. “Subgenus Nitocris, H. & A. Adams, (i. 308.) Shell thin, subglobose; whorls angulated, often carinate ; inner lip subtruncate, or ending in a tubercle. carinata, Lea. dilatata, Conr. ecstata, Lea. dissimilis, Say. dentita, Couth. ebena, Lea. * Here we find shells belonging to several groups, as pumila, Lea, alveare, Conr., and torquata, Lea, to Strephobasis ; lima, Conr., and solida, Lea, to Lithasia ; undulata, Say, to Pleurocera, Hoeydei, Lea, was never described. Can it be intended for Hydei, Conr. ? The species are generally, however, the ponderous Goniobases of Northern Alabama. t In the species of this genus there are several errors, some quite elon- gated forms being included; also, a species of Lithasia. 105 AMERICAN JOURNAL inflata, Lea. occidentalis, Lea.* Kirtlandiana, Auth. Rogersvi, Conr. monodontoides, Gld. subcarinata, Hald. “Subgenus LirHasta, Lea, (i. 308.) Shell thick, solid, ovate; whorls gibbose or tuberculated at the hind part; aperture subcanaliculated and produced in front; inner lip with a callus posteriorly, subtruncate ante- riorly. genicufa, Hald. salebrosa, Conr. neritiformis, Desh.t semigranulosa, Desh.” obovata, Say. Chenu (Manuel de Conchyhologie) principally follows the arrangement of Messrs. Adams. Lovell Reeve monographs separately Lo, Hemisinus, Ancu- lotus, and Melatoma, and treats all the species not included in those genera as Melaniv. Te says, “ Advantage might have been taken of the labors of systematists to have distributed them into further genera;. but more materials are needed for their elucidation than we at present possess.’’t R. J. Shuttleworth (Mittheil. der Nat.-forsch. Gesellsch. in Bern. No. 50, p. 88) proposed, July 22, 1845, a new Ameri- can genus of fluviatile shells, which he characterized as follows: a GyRoroma. —Shell turreted ; columella incurved, above cal- lously thickened ; aperture oval, subeffuse at the base; lip sim- ple, acute, narrowly profoundly fissured above. “ Animal.—Operculum corneous, spiral.” This forms one of the most distinct of the genera of Strepo- matide. Mr. Lea, however, anticipated Mr. Shuttleworth’s dis- covery. * —1m some respects Mudalia, Hald., and Somatogyrus, Gill. + Neritiformis, Desh., is an Anculosa, and is a syn. of J. prerosa, Say. t{ It is very much to be regretted that Mr. Reeve did not make some kind of a division, however arbitrary, of the immense material entering into his magnificent monograph of Melania, as he has published it. Species from all countries, without regard to external resemblances, are, in many cases, grouped on its plates indiscriminately, rendering the identification of shells by its aid exceedingly difficult. Even several of the species are duplicated in description and illustration in the monographs of Melania, Io, and Anculotus. While on the subject of Mr. Reeve’s monograph, we cannot refrain from condemning the substitution of new descriptions of the species for those originally given. The descriptions of Mr. Reeve in numerous cases en- tirely neglect the most important specific characters. The plates frequently do not represent the species for which they are intended ; but in this Mr. Reeve has been undoubtedly deceived by wrongly-named specimens. It is a strange fact that, notwithstanding the length of time which has elapsed since very many of our Melanians and Unios have been described, and the large number which have been sent to Europe in scientific ex- changes, European conchologists are still to a great extent ignorant of the most pr ominent and important specific characters. OF CONCHOLOGY. 109 Dr. Brot, in his admirable “Systematic Catalogue of the Me- lanians,” proposes, instead of the genera of H. & A. Adams, a series of sections, which are generally excellent, for the ar- rangement of the species. The following is his plan :— 1. Operculum concentric. Genus PALUDOMUS, Swainson. 2. Operculum spiral or subspiral. * Aperture entire. Genus LrprToxis, Raf. (Anculotus, Say ; Anculosa, Conr.) Genus MELANTA, Lam. Group a, type canaliculata, Say. - “ eurvilabris, ‘Anth. Sea Ces fae Sian, en. [ type Virginica, Say. b, “. costulata, Lea. ss d, +c, “ perangulata, Conr. fa, Saneples: Say. Le, “ Warderiana, Lea. Cor ‘“ nupera, Say. Pies (Huropean.) a, “ levissima, Sowb. g, \ 5, “ glaphyra, Morelet. c, “ nigritina, Morelet. (All the other groups of this section, thirteen in number, are exotic.) ** Anerture produced in front. Genus Io, Lea. xEX Aperture truncate in front. (MELANOPSIS, HEMISINUS.) eee A nerture posteriorly sinuate. Genus GYROTOMA, Shuttlw. REEEX Aperture sinuate in front and posteriorly. (PrrENA, Lam.) Passing to American authors, we find Mr. Say was the first to eliminate a native genus from the genus Melania. In his description of Melania prerosa, he says, “This shell does not seem to correspond with the genus to which I have for the pre- sent referred it; and, owing £0 the configuration of the base of the columella, if itis not a “Melanopsis, it is probable its station will be between the genera Melania and Agathina. I propose for it the gcneric name of Anculosa.” 110 AMERICAN JOURNAL He also remarks, in his subsequent description of M. subgio- bosa, “It is a second species of my preposed genus Anculotus.” Mr. Say never described his genus; but the above citation and description of two species, both of which are well known, and whose identity with his descriptions has never been ques- tioned, entitle his generic name to be received as authority. Rafinesque published the following genera which have been referred to Strepomatide :— “ Pleurocera, Raf. (Jour de Phys. Bruxelles, vol. Ixxxvii. p. 423, 1819.) Shell spiral, oval, or pyramidal, of numerous con- vex volutions. Aperture obliquely oblong, the base prolonged and twisted, sharp above. Outer lip thin, the inner lip ap- pressed, twisted, without umbilicus. Animal with a membrana- ceous operculum. “ Head proboscidiform, inserted on the back; tentacles two, lateral, subulate, sharp, with eyes at their exterior base. “Family of Neritacea. Species numerous, of which I have al- ready twelve, all fluviatile, from rivers and creeks, as well as the following genera.”* By some strange mistake, this genus is referred by Messrs. H. & A. Adams to Vivipara. Rafinesque published several species; one of which, P. ver- rucosa, is identical with Lithasta nupera, Say, and therefore be- longs toan entirely different group. Others, however, are evi- dently closely related to M. canaliculata, Say, and M. elevata, Say. The genus is certainly well characterized, and clearly includes those shells which Mr. Swainson has subsequently dis- tinguished as Ceriphasia, and Mr. Lea as Trypanostoma. In the same Journal, (p. 26,) Rafinesque described a genus “ Teptoxis” as follows. ‘ Leptoxis. Differs from Lymnula by an oval shell, inflated, the spire of two or three whorls; aperture * Rafinesque previously described Pleurocera in a short paper published in the American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review, iii. p. 354, 1818 (Binney & Tryon’s Edit. of Rafinesque, p. 22,) as follows :— ‘“* Shell variable oboval or conical, mouth diagonal crooked, rhomboidal, obtuse and nearly reflexed at the base, acute above the connection, lip and columelle flexuose entire. Animal with an operculum membranaceous, head separated from the mantle inserted above it, elongated, one tentaculum on each side at its base, subulate acute, eyes lateral exterior at the base of the tentacula.”’ This description was doubtless intended for all the elongate species of Melanians from the Ohio River then known to him, but he afterwerds amended it as above. In his “ Enumeration and Account’’ (Binney & Tryon, p. 67,) Rafi- nesque describes several species of Pleurocera, and remarks, ‘*‘ My G. Pleuro- cera, 1819, is perhaps a 8. G. of Melania, but the animal is different, with lateral feelers ; the shell is always conical oblong, with the opening oblong oblique acute at both ends, columella flexuose twisted ;’’ and, further, “I leave the name of Melania to the shells with opening obtuse at the end; or they may form the 5. G. Amblozis.”’ OF CONCHOLOGY. TL oval, almost as large as the whole shell. _Hyesexterior. About four species, fluviatile, lacustrine, and palustrine.” There can be no doubt that this description was ¢ntended for Anculosa, Say, as is proved by a MSS. work by Rafinesque (‘“Conchologia Ohioensis”) in the possession of the Smithsonian Institution, in which there is a rude pen-and-ink drawing of the animal and shell of a Leptoxis. The name has been adopted by Prof. Haldeman and others. But as the published descrip- tion refers equally well to Physa or some species of Lymnea, and as MSS. authority is not recognized in questions of priority, we are compelled to throw aside this name and adopt that given by Say. In the MSS. quoted above, occurs the description of a new genus called Strepoma, together with the figure of a species; which appears to represent a section of Plewrocera. It is unne- cessary to quote the description, as it was never published: it is only mentioned here because Prof. Haldeman adopts it asa generic name in a late paper on the classification of these shells.* For the same reason, we do not adopt the genus Amblowis de- scribed in the American Monthly Magazine, p. 855, 1818 :— “Univalve.—Shell thick oboval, mouth oval, rounded at the base, obtuse above, with a thick appendage of the lip, columelle flexuose, a small rugose umbilic. ” This, the only description, would apply equally well to a Paludina, Anculosa or a Goniobasis of Lea; and in 1831 (Enum. and Account,) although he renders it plain that he intended the latter, still he doesnot adopt the name for his species there de- scribed, and seems disposed to doubt the value of his former division. The three following genera were pubiished in Journal de Physique, Bruxelles, tome 88, p. 4238 et seq. :— “ Hilipstoma, Raf.—Shell thick, oval, obtuse. Mouth ob- lique, narrow, elliptic, lips thickened, united, and obtusely decurrent posteriorly. A narrow, oblong umbilicus, half covered by the interior lip. Animal unknown. Fluviatile genus of 4 species, HL. gibbosa, H. vittata, H. zonalis, and LH. marginula. “From the Ohio, Mississippi, &c.” “Oxytrema, Raf.—Difters from Plewrocera by an oval oblong or ventricose shell, less number. of whorls, the last forming nearly the whole; mouth sharp on both sides, and anteriorly prolonged into a long sharp point. 38 fluviatile species.” “ Campeloma, Raf—Shell oval; mouth oval, base truncated, lip reflected, united in a posterior point. No umbilicus. Animal unknown. I have only one species, found in the * Proceed. Acad. Nat, Sciences, p. 274, September 1863. 112 AMERICAN JOURNAL Ohio,—C. crassula. Four whorls of the spire reversed? apex acute, shell thick, mouth more than half the total length.” Messrs. H. & A. Adams, with very doubtful propriety, refer this genus to Melanopsis. Prof. 8.8. Haldeman, in an article on Mollusca, contributed by him to the American edition of Heck’s Iconographic Encyclopeedia, 11. p. 84, remarks that “Say’s Melania armigera (and also Lea’s M. duttoniana and MM. catenoides) belongs to Rafinesque’s genus Pleurocera, in which there is a short, straight canal anteriorly, and when this canal is lengthened, as in Musus, the genus Lo, of Lea, is the result. “ Strepoma, of Rafinesque (or Ceriphasia, of Swainson,) are, slightly different forms, in which the aperture and the vertical plate formed by the anterior portion of the whirls, bear some resemblance to the same parts in Cerithiwm telescopium.” In October, 1840, Prof. Haldeman published a supplement to his “ Monograph of the Limniades,” containing, among other matter, the following proposed ‘“‘Subgenera of ANCULOSA. “ Anculosa, Say.—Substance of the shell thick and heavy, labium much thickened. ‘ Tithasia, Hald—Shell heavy, having protuberances ; aper- ture with a notch in the nacre above and below. “ Paludomus, Swains.—Shell smooth, margin of the outer lip crenated, labium very thick and enamelled. “Hemimitra, Swains.—Like Paludomus, but with coronated whorls. “ Mudalia, Hald.—Shell smooth, thin in texture; labium with- ont enamel,” In his description of a species of Anculosa published upon the same occasion, Prof. Haldeman refers to “ Paludina (Mudalia) dissimilis, Say,” so that there can be no doubt as to the section of Anculosa indicated by the subgenus MJudala. On the cover of No. 2, of the monograph (January, 1841) is the description of ‘subgenus Angitrema. Shell spinous, aperture subrhomboidal, with an anterior sinus. Hx. Melania armigera, Say.” T adopt Angitrema asa genus, with Lrthasia as a subgenus of it. Mudalia cannot stand in the system, because its charac- ters are not constant, Anc. dissimilis having frequently a heavy deposit of nacre on the columella. Mr. Lea has described several new genera of shells elimi nated from the American Melanix. He early recognized in Mr. Say’s genus Anculosu a good natural genus, and adopted it in his descriptions. In Philos. Trans. vi. p. 168, he pro- posed to separate the species of MJelania according to certain OF CONCHOLOGY. (3053 obvious external (by no means generic) characters, for facility in their determination. He described a large number of species under the following divisions :— cL Smooth: 4. Sulcate. 7. Granulate. 2. I’licate. 5. Striate. 8. Cancellate. 3. Carinate. 6. Tuberculate. 9. Spinose.” _ Perhaps this division of the species suggested to Messrs. Adams the genera which they have adopted in their classifica- tion. In Philos. Trans., Iv., p. 122, Mr. Lea proposed to institute a new genus, Jo, for the Musus fluvialis, of Say. Tis descrip- tion is, ‘‘ lo.—Shell fusiform ; base canaliculate; spire elevated ; columella smooth and concave.” In his description ot Melania excisa, and Anculosa incisa, published in Philos. Proc., 11. p., 242, Dec. 1842, Mr. Lea sug- gested the name Schizostoma for those species having a pleurotomose sutural slit in the outer lip. The genus thus proposed, and which bears the same relation to Goniobasis as Schazicheila does to Helicina, was some time afterwards cha- racterized by Mr. Shuttleworth, from independent observa- tion, under the name of Gyrotoma. In Philos. Proc. Aug. 1845, and in the Transactions, x. p. 67, 1853, Mr. Lea published the following description of his genus :— ‘““ScuHizostomMa Lea. Shell conical or fusiform. Lip fis- sured above. Aperture ovate, columella smooth, incurved. Operculum.— ‘No operculum has come under my notice; but I can scarcely doubt that it will be found to be horny, and to resemble, in other respects, that of Melania.” Subsequently (vol. x., p. 295,) Mr. Lea says, “ When I pro- posed the name of Schizostoma for a genus of Afelaniana with a cut at the superior portion of the aperture, I was not aware that M. Bronn had already used that name for a fossil genus. I now propose to substitute Schdzochetlus.” In the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1860, p. 68, Mr. John G. Anthony makes some lengthy remarks on this genus, as follows:— “G@yrotoma. As some confusion exists regarding the name of this genus, the following notes are given:— “The genus Melatoma was established by Swainson, and first given to the world in 1840, in his ‘Treatise on Shells and Shell Fishes,’ published in London, founded, as he says (p. 202,) ‘upon a remarkable Ohio shell sent him many years before by his old friend Prof. Rafinesque.” ‘It has,’ he remarks, ‘the general form of a Pleurotoma and of a Afela- 114 AMERICAN JOURNAL fusus, with a well-defined sinus or cleft near the top of the outer lip, while the inner, though thin, is somewhat thickened above.’ The other characters named by him are such as are generally considered rather specific than generic, and the pleurotomose cut in the outer lip, as applied to a fluviatile univalye, is altogether sufficient to indicate a new genus. The specimen alluded to by Swainson, and from which his generic description was drawn, was an imperfect one; and the species has not since been identified by American naturalists. This is less to be wondered at when we consider how very local the genus has always been, and how few specimens have found their way into our collections. The waters of Alabama have as yet monopolized this interesting genus,; and it is probable that even there it is confined almost, if not quite, exclusively to the Coosa and its tributaries. “On p.342 Swainson gives the following generic description, adding a figure:— ‘“*Vusiform, longitudinally ribbed; a deep sinus at the top of the outer lip; base contracted; channel wide.’ “Mr. Swainson’s figure is quite unsatisfactory. His genus Melatoma is referred doubtfully to Clionella by H.& A. Adams, and has not prevailed for this genus in America or Europe. I have, therefore, decided not to make use of it in this case. “Subsequently this genus has been noticed by various au- thors, and other names have been applied to it. In 1841 or 1842, Dr. J. W. Mighels sent me specimens of one species, under the name of Apella scissura; but his generic name was never published, and his species, if not identical with any which Mr. Lea afterwards described, seems to have been over- looked and forgotten. “On the 14th of December, 1842, Mr. Lea read a paper be- fore the American Philosophical Society, in which he de- scribes Melania excisa and Anculosa incisa. In his remarks upon these species he alludes to the pleurotomose cut in the superior part of the upper lip, and at the same time suggests the necessity, in consequence of this character, to construct a new genus, which he proposed to call ‘ Schizostoma.’ Mr. Lea finding his name ‘ Sch.zostoma,’ pre-occupied in Paleontology, changed it to ‘Schizochilus’ (March 5, 1852, Obs., v., p. 51). In a paper read May 2, 1845, Mr. Lea, in a foot-note to p. 93, first indicates the generic characters of Schizostoma, as follows,—‘ Testa vel conica vel fusiformis; labrum superne fissura; apertura ovata; columella levis, incurva,’—and de- scribes six additional species. “In the above concise definition of the genus, it will at once be noted that the fissure at the upper part of the outer lip is after all the essential character; and Mr. Lea himself seems to OF CONCHOLOGY. 115 be aware of this, since, of the six species then described, he states the aperture to be elliptical in five cases and rhomboidal in the other, although his generic character is ‘aperture ovate.’ Indeed, in the species described by him but a single one has the aperture ovate, and that one is described as an “Aneulosa. “It may be doubted whether Mr. Lea’s first name will not eventually prevail, since, before he published Schizostoma, Bronn’s genus of the same name (Lethea Geoen., 1, 95, 1835-37,) had been called a synonym of Bifrontia ; (Omalaxis) of Deshayes. (Vide Desh. in Lam, Ix., p. 104.) Indeed, H. & A. Adams (Gen. Rec. Moll., 1. , 305,) do not appear correct in giving preference to Gyrotoma over Schizostoma, Lea, on ac- count of Schizostoma, Bronn, since (on p. 244) the latter is placed in the synonymy of Omalazis. “Another generic name Schizostoma is quoted in Her- mannsen’s Index. I have not obtained access to the work coutaining this description; but its date is said to be anterior to Mr. Lea’s description. ‘“Mr. Lea’s second name, Schizochilus, had been previously used in Coleoptera, but withdrawn after Mr. Lea’s description was published. “Mr. Shuttleworth, in July, 1845, (Mittheilungen der Na- turforschenden Gesellschaft in Bern, p. 88,) gives another description of the genus under the name of Gyrotoma, founded on two species from the Coosa River, descriptions of which are also given. “The generic name of Mr. Shuttleworth has been adopted in H.& A. Adams’ Genera of Recent Mollusca (i. p. 305, February, 1854.) “Dr. Gray also (Guide to Mollusca, i. p. 103, 1857) adopts Shuttleworth’s name. Such being the confused state of the synonymy of the genus, we have decided to adopt, at least temporarily, the earliest name concerning which no doubt exists.” , To the above, Mr. Lea made the following reply, upon occa- sion of describing some new species belonging to the genus, in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philada., May, 1860 :— “Genus SCHIZOSTOMA. “Tt will be observed that I have here adopted my first name (Schizostoma) for the division of those Melanide which have a cut or fissure in the upper portion of the last whorl. This name I proposed in December, 1842. Subsequently finding that it was used by Bronn in 1835, I abandoned it, and pro- posed the name of Schizochilus as a substitute, (Obs. on the Genus Unio, v.5, p. 51, 1852, and Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 1852.) I am now satisfied that Bronn’s name was applied to the same 116 AMERICAN JOURNAL genus— Huomphalus—which Sowerby established in 1814, (Min. Conch., tab. 45.) This evidently liberates my original name, and Herrmannsen, in the appendix to his “Generum Malacozorum,” very properly restores it. It was supposed that this was the Melatoma of Swainson, and Mr. Anthony adopted this name. But it is evident that Mr. Swainson’s J/e- latoma is not my Schizostoma. By reference to his figure (Mal- acology, p. 842, f. 104) it will be observed at once that there has never been observed in the United States any of the group of which that figure is the type, while it is known that they exist in the islands of the Indian Ocean. Mr. Swainson says, (p. 202) that his Melatoma was ‘founded upon a remarkable Ohio shell’ sent by Rafinesque. Now, as no member of the family Melanide with a cut in the lip has ever been found in the Ohio, where such hosts of active collectors have since pur- sued their investigations, it is perhaps beyond the bounds of possibility that the specimen sent by Rafinesque, so eminently careless and reckless as he always was, should ever have been found there. Indeed, if the specimen figured was sent by Mr. Rafinesque to Mr. Swainson, then the question would arise whether it had not been obtained by Mr. R. from some dealer or collector, who may have obtained it from Asia. I have no doubt of the Melatoma costata, which Mr. Swainson has figured, being exotic, and belonging to a group probably from the Phil- ippine Islands. Mr. Anthony says, page 64, Proc. A.N.S,, 1860, that ‘it may. be doubted whether Mr. Lea’s first name will not eventually prevail, since, before he published Sch7zos- toma, Bronn’s genus of the same name had been ealled a syno- nym of Bifrontia, Desh. And that ‘H. & A. Adams (Gen. Rec. Moll.,i. 105) do not appear correct in giving preference to Gyrotoma over Schizostoma, Lea,’ &c. Notwithstanding this, Mr. Anthony in this paper, where he describes nine supposed new species of this genus, adopts the generic name of Gyrotoma. it may be added here, that Dr. Gray, in his Genera of Recent Mollusca, gives Melatoma to Mr. Anthony, not to Swainson, while he does not notice the name of Schigostoma. Mr. A. does not pretend to claim it, of course, but adopts Gyrotoma, Mr. Shuttleworth’s name, proposed in 1845, which, being three years later, cannot have precedence. “The genus Schizostoma seems to be capable of being divided into two natural groups in the form of the fisswra, the cut in the lip. In one group this fissura is deep and direct, that is, paral- lel with the suture or upper edge of the whorl; in the other it is not deep and is oblique to the suture. ” In the same Journal, (April 1862,) was published a new genus witb the following name, description and remarks :— OF CONCHOLOGY. 117 “Genus TRYPANOSTOMA, Lea. “Shell conical; aperture rhomboidal, subcanaliculate below Lip expanded. Columella smooth, twisted below. Operculum corneus, Commencing spiral. “The enormous number of species in the genus Melania has made it very desirable to eliminate as many as possible, by founding new genera, where well characterized groups can be established. With this view I proposed, in the Proceedings of the Academy, in April last, the genus Strephobasis. The genus now proposed under the name of Tr yp wnostoma will include all the well known Melania with an auger-shapel aperture, the type of which may be considered to be Mr. Say’s Melania canalicu- lata, a very common and well known species from the basin of the Ohio River. It will include a number of large species; indeed, nearly all of the large and ponderous species of the United States. Many new ones will be found in this paper. Objections may be raised against now increasing the number of genera without the aid of the examination of the soft parts. But there is no validity in this objection, from the fact that, in the present condition of the science of Malacology, we are ‘be- coming acquainted with a vast number of new and interesting forms, without the hope at present of seeing the organic portion of the animals. These may at some future time, and no doubt will, be examined and ecarefelly described by zoologists who may dwell near the waters where these numerous and highly- Pees species reside. Until this takes place, we can only group them upon the characters which are presented by their outward hard portions, which are accessible to us now. “Tn proposing this new genus, I am aware that Huropean Zoologists have made many genera and subgenera in this Fam- ily, but none have made groups of our numerous species by which they can be properly divided. They have ated them up, with all the time and care they have bestowed upon them, in a manner so as to make great confusion. “Mr. Swainson, in his ‘ Treatise on Malacology,’ proposed a subzenus of Melania under the name of Ceriphasia, and gives a ficure, page 204, (C. sulezta,) stating it came from Ohio. It is evident, on looking at this figure, that it does not represent any Ohio species, neither in the aperture nor in the revolving ribs. Dr. Gray and Messrs. Adams adopt the genus, and the latter give a figure (pl. 31, fig. 6,) of canaliculata, Say, as the type, which I do not think answers to the description or figure of Mr. Swainson. Dr. Gray, in his excellent ‘ List of the Genera of Recent Mollusca,’ in the Pros. Zool. Soc., expressed a doubt whether his Zelescopellt may not be the same with Ceriphasia.” In April, 1861, Mr. Lea proposed another genus, as follows: q 118 AMERICAN JOURNAL “ Strephobasis, Lea.—Shell cylindrical; aperture subquad- rate; columella thickened and retro-canaliculate below. “Operculum commencing spiral, corneus. “The mollusk, for which I propose this genus, was sent to me by Wm. Spillman, M. D., of Columbus, Miss., and I have before me over a dozen specimens from a third to nearly an inch in length. The very great number of species of the genus Melania makes it desirable to eliminate any group, with char- acters sufficiently distinct to permanently recognize it. The very remarkable retrorse callus at the base of the column, caus- ing a lateral sinus, is characteristic of this genus. ” Next we have the genus Goniobasis, intended to include most of the vast residue of species not previously eliminated. This genus, proposed in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, May 1862, is described as follows :— “ Goniobasis, Lea.—Shell conical or fusiform. Aperture subrhomboidal, subangulate below. Columella thickened somewhat above. Operculum commencing spiral, corneus, “In my paper on the genus 7rypanostoma, proposed by me, (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1868, p. 169,) I mentioned the impor- tance of eliminating as many species as possible from the genus Melania, which is so enormously extended as almost to prevent the possibility of finding suitable names for the species. In the Proceedings of the Academy, Dec., 1861, I stated that Prof. Haldeman’s genus Jithasia formed a very excellent group. In working up a very large number of the family Melanide, obtained from the Southern and Western States, I have, notwithstanding the divisions which had been made, found myself embarrassed with that form of aperture which is quite different from the auger-mouthed (Zrypanostoma) species and the Lithasia, to which latter they are most nearly allied. I mean those which usually, though not always, have a slight thickening of the upper part of the columella and no eallus below, and which are also without the notch of Lvthasia, although subangular at base. In this subangular character they differ from Melania proper, which are round or loop-like at the base. For this group I propose the name of Goniobasi's,* which will give us for our American Melanidx the following genera, all of them having spiral opercula :— “ Melania,t Lam,, Anculosa, Say, Io, Lea, Lithasia, Hald., Schizostoma, Lea, Strephobasis, Lea, Trypanostoma, Lea, Gonio- basis, Lea, and Amnicola, Gould and Hald. * Adams’ Elimia takes in part of this genus. + Cuvier describes Melania as having long tentacula, the eyes being on the exterior side about the third of the length. The eyes of Melania Virginica, Say, are at the base of short tentucula. I very much doubt if we have a single species in the United States properly belonging to this genus, ywhich Cuvier considered amarula as the type, and Lamarck, asperata as the type. OF CONCHOLOGY. 119 “They may be known by, “ Melania having a regular loop-form aperture. “ Anculosa having a rounded aperture and a callous columella. “To having a greater or lesser elongate channel or spout at the base. “ Lithasia having a callus on the columella above and below, and a notch at the base. “ Schizostoma having a cut inthe upper part of the outer lip. “ Strephobasis having a retrorse callus at base, and usually a squarish aperture. “ Trypanostoma having an expanded outer lip and an auger- shaped aperture. “ Goniobasis having usually a suabrhomboidal aperture, suban- gular at base and without a channel. “ Amnicola* having a round mouth and no callus.” In Proc. Academy of Nat. Sciences, Jany., 1864, Mr. Lea proposed the following :— “ Mesechiza.—Shell fusiform, imperforate. Aperture rhom- boidal, below canaliculate. Lip expanded, sht in the middle. Columella smooth, incurved. Operculum corneous, spiral. “The httle shell which I now propose asa new genus, has so distinct a character in the incision of the middle of the outer lip, as to mark perfectly its place in the Melanide of the United States. It differs entirely in the character of the cut from that in Schizostoma, which has, in all the many species I have seen, a more or less deep incision immediately under the suture. The living soft parts have not yet been observed. They may, when examined, prove to have some characteristics quite dif- ferent from Schizostoma.” Hurycelon—In remarks on Gontobasis umbonata, (Proce. Acad., p. 38, Jan. 1864,) “ This is the fourth species of a natural group which I have described and which have a large ear- shaped aperture. If they be not entitled to a generic place, they may at least be considered a subgenus, for which I pro- pose the name of Hurycelon, the aperture being larger than in the Melanide generally. All the species of Hurycelon have a callus on the columella above, but not below, as in Lithasia, and the base is more or less angular, which is not the case with Anculosa. Those which we have considered as varieties of Anculosa prerosa, Say, which have an angular base, properly belong, I think, to Hurycelon, as well also Anthony, Redfield, turbinit1, and tintinnabulum (nobis,) and some others. When the soft parts shall be examined, they will, I think, be found to differ from Goniobasis, Trypanostoma and Lithasia, to which * Amnicola, although much like Paludina, is more nearly allied to the Melanide. The operculum is spiral, and, therefore, very different in this character from Paludina. 120 AMERICAN JOURNAL genera they seem nearest allied. The operculum of the only one I have seen, is the same as Groniobasis, and the Melanide generally.”* . Dr. James Lewis (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, Dec., 1862, pp. 588-90) describes the soft parts of Melania subularis and Melania exilis, and remarks in conclusion, that “ The following features of the two species above considered may suffice for placing them apart in subgenera :— ‘“‘1, The presence of a sinus or fold in the sides of the foot and neck of MW. subular/s, and its absence in JL. exilis. “9. The extension of the anastomosing black lines from the margin of the lateral portions of the foot upwards along the side of the neck in JZ. subularis, and the restriction of these lines to a narrow zone along the lateral portions of the foot of M. exilis. “3. A well-defined dark band around the tentacle in M. extlis, not observable, or at most only faintly indicated in M. subularis.” Dr. Lewis endeavors, by these differences, to indicate respec- tively the genera Trypanostoma and Croniobasis of Mr. Lea; but, unfortunately, the only ¢mportant character of distinction mentioned by him, is only a sexual difference. And now, having cited all that has been done in the classifi- cation of these animals by American and Foreign naturalists, we will first ascertain the sequence of the genera, and then give their names and limitation as we propose to adopt them. Swainson commenced with the species having an entire aperture, then he described genera possessing a truncated aper- ture, (Hemisinus, Melanopsis,) and, finally, those with a more or less developed channel at the base. Dr. Gray’s arrangement does not differ essentially ; he adds, however, Glotella, an intermediate form between the TYrypa- nostomoid and Goniobasic groups. Messrs. Adams commence with the canaliculate species, but not with the highest developed type of that form,—/o. They give the preference to Ceriphasia, Swainson, and next give Pa- chycheilus, which is certainly more of a Goniobasic form, and then give Lo. Dr. Brot’s “Groups” represent nearly the following value and sequence in genera:—Leptoxis, Trypanostoma, Goniobasis, Lithasia, Pachycheilus, Io, Melanopsis, Gyrotoma, Pirena. Mr. Lea, in remarks on his description of Goniobasis, gives *Mr. Lea probably did not intend to include his téntinnabulum in Hury- celon, but did so inadvertently. I would add to the description as given above,—shell generally obovate, longitudinally humped or angled; colu- mella truncate below. The genus may be placed between the Lithaste and Goniobases. OF CCNCHOLOGY. tpl the list of genera, (which we have quoted,) but apparently in the order of their publication. The sequence of genera in the foregoing examples, can cer- tainly be muchimproved ; /o may be considered as the highest development of the canaliculate shell, and is also the largest in size ; we find, moreover, as Mr. Lea has justly remarked, the most ponderous species among the Z'rypanostome (Pleuro- cere.) I would then commence with Jo, and proceed thus :— Io, Pleurocera, Angitrema, Lithasia, Strephobasis, Euryceelon, Goniobasis, Schizostoma, Mesechiza, Anculosa. We thus proceed from a long canaliculate aperture to one in which the aperture is entire, we also commence with the largest and close with the smallest species. Pachychetlus is not included in the above, because it represents an extra limi- tal group, and will probably be found to belong to another family, or subfamily. The same may be said of Hemisinus and Paludomus. With regard to nomenclature, we will examine— 1. Jo, Lea—We find this genus universally recognised. European authors, however, do not seem to understand its true limits, and include species of Lithasia. 2. Pleurocera, Raf—Notwithstanding Mr. Lea’s assertion that Swainson’s figure of Ceriphasia sulcata does not represent a species of this genus, nor his description correspond to it, { believe that Ceriphasia was certainly intended for that group of Trypanostomoid shells represented by canaliculata, Say, and that the figure represents some such shell as 7. moriforme, Lea. Gray also, in 1847, proposed Telescopella for Melania undulata, Say, which belongs to the same group. Thus, Mr. Lea’s Z’rypanostoma is unquestionably a synonym. Pleurocera, Rafinesque, is the same shell, and having pri- erity over all the other names; I adopt it without hesitation. Strepoma, Raf. MSS. applies to the same genus, and Oxytrema, Raf. (Jour. de Physique,) may be intended for some immature form of canalieulata, or its allies, which possesses the sharp-pointed aperture described,—as Jo variabilis, Lea, for instance. Messrs. Adams adopt Ceriphasia, but they separate certain Species, reticulate, or nodulosely carinate in the middle, to form their genus Hlimia. Their Megara, also, consists of species of this genus. Of course these names are not founded on generic characters, and, at best, can only be used to designate groups. 3. Lithasia, Haldeman.—This genus is recognized by Messrs. Adams, but Mr. Reeve and Dr. Brot confound its species with Jo. Prof. Haldeman first proposed it as a subgenus of Anculosa. “Shell heavy, having protuberances.” This char- 22, AMERICAN JOURNAL acter applies only to certain species; but the genus is now recognized by American naturalists to include all the species with the columella thickened above and below. Prof. Haldeman’s subgenus Angitrema is synonymous with, and has priority over, (lotella, Gray, both adopting Melania armigera, Say, for their type. As this subgenus really exhibits the highest development of the species, | have con- cluded to adopt it as a genus, using Lthasia as a subgenus for the smaller, smooth forms. 4. Strephobasis, Lea. 5. Hurycelon, Lea. 6. Goniobasis, Lea, May 1862.—This genus will retain Mr. Lea’s name. Potadoma, Swainson, as understood by Messrs. H. & A. Adams, embraces certain species only. These gentle- men take some species of this, Strephobasis and Pleurocera, to make their Megara, a subgenus of Gyrotoma (Schizostoma /) They make of the plicate group, Melasma, and of the striate species they form Juga. These names may be retained as sections of the genus, possessing no really generic characters. 7. Schizostoma, Lea, Dec., 1842.—Messrs. Adams, Brot and Anthony, adopt Gyrotoma, Shuttleworth, July 22, 1845, be- cause Schizostoma was pre-occupied. Mr. Lea was himself of the same opinion, and changed the name to Schizocheilus ; (also pre-occupied.) He subsequently reclaimed the original name, and I give him the genus as first published, having two and one-half years’ priority over Shuttleworth. I entirely agree with Mr. Lea, that J/e/aloma, Swainson, represents an exotic, and not an American, group. Mr. Anthony is ignorant how /’s name came to be used in connection with Melatoma. It was first so used by Dr. Gray,* eee through inadvertance,) and afterwards by Mr. Reeve. 8. Mesechiza, Lea. 9. Anculosa, Say.—Leptoxis, Rafinesque, as already men- tioned, is not described definitely enough to justify its substitu- tion for Say’s name. Prof. Haldeman, with the aid of Rafi- nesque’s MSS. work, identified the genus and used the name. He has been followed by Messrs. Adams, Brot and Binney, while Messrs. Lea, Conrad, Anthony and Reeve, have adhered to the old name. I think that ilipstoma, Raf. (Jour. de Phys.,) really applies to this genus much better than Leptoxis, and might be readily taken to represent such a form of it as crassa, Hald. Prof. Haldeman proposed a subgenus Mudalia for certain thin species without enamel on the labium, and probably intended to include such globose forms as altilis, Lea, &c., but *Mr. Anthony never described such a she!l as Melatoma altilis, Anth., referred to by Dr. Gray. OF cONCHOLOGY. 123 the only species which he cites under the name, are dissimilis, Say, and turgida, Hald., both carinate shells. I am con- vinced, from studying numerous examples, that the characters of Mudalia are not persistent. The globose form of so-called Anculose, represented by altilis, does not belong to the family. Mr. Gill has proposed for it the generic name Somatogyrus, and it is now included in Amnicolide. These same Virginia and Ohio thin species, together with the dentate forms, compose the subgenus Nitocris, H. & A. Adams, a synonym, anyhow, and otherwise of no value. Mr. Anthony proposes to me to call such shells as Anculosa monodontoides ‘ Spirodon, but the toothed columella is not even a constant specific character. The characters assigned to Jo, Pleurocera, Angitrema, Litha- sia, Strephobasis, Hurycelon, Goniobasis, Schizostoma, Mesechiza and Anculosa, are by no means of equal value. I regard the first five as members of the Trypanostomoid section of the family, of which Jo is a genus, with Pleurocera for a sub- genus. Jithasia should, perhaps, be-considered a subgenus only of Angitrema, which is the highest development of this form, having the thickened columelia. Strephobasis occupies a position between Lithas‘a and Goniobasis, but I think that it, also, should be considered a subgenus of Angitrema. Hurycxelon, Gon‘obasis, Schizostoma, Meseschiza, and Anczlosa, are certainly distinct genera; the first four approximate, form- ing the Gon/obasic group or section; and the last forms a sec- tion by itself, characterized by an entire aperture. Yet this arrangement is liable to exception, as all the species of a genus do not fulfill the ideas here conveyed. Some species, on the contrary, remind one of genera which do not immediately succeed or precede them. Moreover, anato- mical researches will enable us probably to separate the natural genera of this family much more sharply than we are now doing, and may enable us to-seize on corroborative characters of the shell, which are now overlooked, or whose importance, in this connection, have ‘been thus far under- estimated. 124 AMERICAN JOURNAL Synopsis of Genera of Strepomatide. 1. Aperture produced into a more or less obvious canal in front. Trypanostomoid Section. 1. Shell fusiform inflated on the periphery. Spire and canal produced; columella without deposit of nacre. To, Lea. (Plate 17, fig. 1.) Shell conical, or oval, canal not so much produced. Subgenus PLEUROCERA, Raf. (Plate 17, figs. 2, 3.) 2. Shell oval, or turbiniform, or fusiform, with a revolving row of nodules on the periphery, canal short. Colu- mella callously thickened above and below. ANGITREMA, Hald. (Plate 17, fig. 4.) Shell oval or oblong, smaller, either smooth or adorned with nodules around the upper portion of the body whorl. Subgenus Liraasta, Hald. (Plate 17, fig. 5.) Canal retrorse. Subgenus STREPHOBASIS, Lea. (Plate 17, fig. 6.) 2. Aperture merely angulated in frcnt, with no canal, and the the columella not twisted, frequently callously thickened above. (oniobasic Section. ; 3. Shell obovate, heavy, nodulosely angled, aperture ear- shaped; columella oval, truncate. Hurycaon, Lea. (Plate 17, figs. 7, 8.) 4. Shell heavy, oval, truncate, oblong, or turrited; aper- ture entire above. GONIOBASIS, Lea. (Plate 17, figs. 9, 10.) 5. Aperture with asutural, pleurotomose slit above. Scuizostoma, Lea. (Plate 17, fig. 11.) 6. Lip slit in the middle. MEsrEscHizA, Lea. 3. Aperture entire and rounded in front. 7. Shell oval, heavy; ecclumella callously thickened above. ANCULOSA, Say. (Plate 17, fig. 12.) OF CONCHOLOGY. 125 2. Geographical Distribution—We have, in North America, nearly five hundred recognized species, of the shells belonging to the various genera of Strepomatide. So considerable a moiety of these are found to be inhabitants of the upper Tennessee River and its branches in East Tennessee and North Alabama, and of the Coosa River in the latter State, that we quite agree with Mr. Lea in regarding that region as the great centre of this kind of animal life. We have ascertained that, leaving out the species inhabiting the Pacific States and those which in the descriptions have their habitats designated by States only,* of the remainder, full two-thirds belong to the above two streams; including three entire genera, nearly all the species in several others, and a majority of the species of every genus except one (Meseschiza,) of a single species. The Strepomatide do not appear to flourish in the neigh- borhood of the sea, and nowhere have the species been found numerous within a hundred miles of our coasts; nor do they approach the more northern latitudes of the Middle and Western States, very few species being found so far north as the Ohio River. The Mississippi River also, seems to have formed, from the junction of the Ohio until its mouth, an insurmountable bar- rier to the geographical dispersion of these shells. Thus, we find the district of our country, which they inhabit in such profuse numbers of species and individuals, to be really of somewhat limited extent, and may give its boundaries as follows:—WNorth, the Tennessee River and tributaries. The Cumberland Mountains prevent the dispersion of the species of this river to the northward until its course is directed into Alabama. Were the character of its species (which we shall again allude to further on,) changes, and they become gradu- ally less numerous and of greater geographical dispersion, as the river runs towards the west. ast, the mountain range of the Blue Ridge, running southwestwardly into the interior of Northern Georgia. Thence, the Chattahoochee River and tri- butaries, to within about a hundred miles of the Gulf. South, the species are restrained from spreading by the influence of the Gulf of Mexico. West, the Alabama, Cahawba and Black Warrior Rivers and their tributaries, thuse of the latter reach- ing almost to Florence, on the Tennessee River, which may re- present the northwestern point of our boundary. These limits are necessarily imperfect, but nevertheless in- clude at least three-fourths of our species within an area of three hundred miles extent, either north and south, or east and west. * As the localities of nearly all of these are ‘‘ Tennessee’? or ‘‘ Alabama,”’ the most of them also were probably obtained from the Tennessee and Coosa Rivers, 126 AMERICAN JOURNAL Of course, where the rivers alone form the bounderies, many of their species have spread into the adjacent streams; but in East Tennessee, Southwest Virginia, West North Carolina and Northwest Georgia, where several parallel mountain ranges completely enclose the valleys of the rivers, almost all the species inhabiting them appear to be confined within their limits. And here, a space of one hundred and fifty miles in length, by fifty in breadth, will cover the territory occupied by probably more than a hundred and fifty species of Strepo- matide. The following table, representing the arrangement of the Strepomatide followed in my “Synonymy” of the species, pub- lished in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, 1863-4, will show both the total number of species, and the absolute and relative strength of the genera. A few species since published have not all been included, as we are not sufficiently well acquainted with them :— NUMBER OF SPECIES OF STREPOMATIDA. 1. Trypanostomoid Section. 2. Goniobasic Section. 10, 5 EURYCZLON, 6 smooth, 2 GONIOBASIS, o74 spinose, 3 spirally ridged, it PLEUROCERA, 84 tuberculate, es) tuberculate, i plicate, 85 sulcate, 8 angulate, 16 striate, angulate, 12 bi-multi-angulate, jul carinate, 8 carinate, 4 plicate, 2 smooth, short, 26 smooth, angulate, 15 elevated, 438 Saree ce: ROM 32 striate i 8 ANGITREMA, 12 compact, ponderous, 62 with a coronal of tu- SCHIZOSTOMA, 26 bercles, 4 fissure narrow, 14 with two rows of tu- fissure wide, 12 bercles, 1 MESESCHIZA, 1 with a central row of tubercles, 7 LITHASIA, 17 Third Section. large, oval, inflated, ANCULOSA, 21 small, compact, 7 nodulous, 1 obliquely flattened, 2 suleate, 9 subcylindrical, 3 striate, 3 STREPHOBASIS, 8 angulate, 4 ovate conical, 3 subglobose, or 21 cylindrical, 5 campanulate, - OF CONCHOLOGY. 127 Total in Ist section - - - 126species, np geen Sere ts BOOT et 94 464 species in all. “ 3d bc oy ome a 81 ‘“ é We find that, while some groups of species extend over a very wide territorial space, other groups are extremely re- stricted, and yet are frequently characterized by as great variation in form, size, ornamentation, Xec., as the former. The Goniobasic Group occupy the entire extent of our coun- try, represented by the sole species of our Northern Atlantic States, the very few forms of the great Northern Lakes and the species of the Pacific States, while they also occupy the entire southern country, with one or two species in Mexico and Cuba. , - The Trypanostomoid Section, on the contrary, is very much more restricted, being confined principally to the streams tributary to the Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico. The Mississippi appears to form their western boundary. While the Zrypanostomoid forms attain their maximum development in size and number in the Tennessee River, they are, to a very great extent, replaced by the Goniobasic forms in the Coosa River, which is undoubtedly the metropolis of the latter. The most striking genus of each of these groups is ab- solutely confined to the respective streams in which the groups had their origin. Thus, fo and Schizostoma are inhabi- tants, the first of the Tennessee and branches, the second of the Coosa, and neither of them are elsewhere found. Assuming the Ohio River asa dividing line, we find that ninety-five per cent. of all the species originate south of it. Even a smaller proportion inhabit the rivers east of the Allegheny, and west of the Rocky Mountains. In the west, no species of Strepomatide have been discovered in higher latitudesthan the northern boundary of the United States, while in the east, the St. Lawrence River and tributaries, appears to be the northern limit of the family. We thus find the Strepomatide to be distributed almost exclusively within the limits of the United States, a distribu- tion co-extensive with our Viviparide and other families of Mollusca; clearly indicating that our country constitutes a distinct faunal province. For, as the Viviparidx are replaced in Mexico by Ampullaria, so, for the Strepomatide, are sub- stituted the more ponderous Pachycheil. Between the former and the latter extend the broad plains of Texas, with rivers devoid of species, forming a barrier to the intermingling of the two groups. Besides this, the Mississippi River, from the junction of the Ohio to its mouth, appears to have formed a barrier to the westward progression of the Strepomatide, 128 AMERICAN JOURNAL which but very few species have been able to surmount. We believe that one species only,—the Goniobasis sordida, of Lea,— is common to both sides of that great stream, while several forms, all of Goniobasts, are found inhabiting the western tributary streams exclusively. Of course, our great river does not interpose such a formidable barrier in the northwest, where its volume is much less, and we here find the species of the great lakes not only inhabiting its waters in abundance, but extending into its western branches. The species of the great lakes, though few in number and small in size, are very numerous in individuals, yet they fade out as completely on approaching the Ohio River as do the southern species; we are, therefore, compelled to admit in this case the plausibility of the theory of a separate creation of a small group of species, adapted to withstand the rigors of a climate which effectually forbids the introduction of the meridional species. We may discover in the paucity of species, their small size and scant ornamentation, but multiplicity of individuals, and in their very extended distribution, a striking parallelism with the distribution of boreal marine Mollusca. Like the Onionide, the Viviparide, the Amnicolide and the Limneide, of the same latidudes, the inter-communication afforded by our waters has induced the plentiful distribution of the same species from Iowa and Wisconsin to Western New York, and even into Lake Champlain. We have already alluded to the total separation of the specics of our West Coast States. The barrier of the Rocky Mountains has, of course, proved with them even a greater obstacle than with our Helices. We find, accordingly, that the ew species (all Goniobases) mostly partake of two common type characters, being either plicately ribbed* or spirally striated. The Strepomatide are entirely absent from the waters of the New England States, the exclusion being due probably not only to the severe climate, for they inhabit streams in even higher latitudes, but probably also tu their proximity to the sea. There is no natural method by which the species of the lakes could extend into the head waters of the New England rivers, and none of the species have as yet been transported by accident across the intervening land. That the proximity of the sea exercises a great disturbing * Which, strangely enough, equally characterizes a group of Gondobases of East Tennessee. Our West Coast Helices are all of different species and generally of quite distinct groups; Vivipura is excluded, and the Amnicolide belong to different genera from those of the Atlantic States, yet the same species of 2hysa, Lymnaa and Planorbis, abound equally in either section ! OF CONCHOLOGY. 129 influence on the very few species which are exposed to and able to endure it, is proved by the great mutations of form which characterize Gon. Virginica and Ane. dissimilis in the Atlantic, and Gon. plicifera in the Pacific States. The very great influence which our two great chains of mountains has exercised, in restricting the distribution of our species, may be inferred from what has already been said, and requires no further allusion. The following observations on the geographical distribution of the various genera and smaller groups, will exhibit some very curious facts. I0. Of this genus, the type of the Trypanostomoid form, there are five species, two of which are smooth and three spinose; they are of extremely localized distribution, being confined to the head waters and tributaries of the T’ennessee River, and principally to the Holston, in Southern West Virginia and Hast Tennessee. They are very numerous in individuals, as Mr. Anthony, during a visit made to this region several years ago, selected and brought home several thousand speci- mens. Prof. Haldeman also was very successful in collecting them. PLEUROCERA. Of the eighty-four species, only thirteen are found so far northward as the Ohio River, and only five of them originate in that stream or its northern tributaries. The Tennessee River and branches claims thirty-three species, of which twenty-one appear to be confined to its waters. The Cumber- land River contains four species identical with those of the Tennessee, and about a dozen that are not found in the latter stream. The Alabama River contains fourteen species, three of which seem to be peculiar to it. These species are gene- rally confined, however, to those portions of the Coosa and branches that approach to East Tennessee. A few species also inhabit the Tombigbee, of Mississippi. About a dozen species have the simple habitat “ Tennessee” stated; nine have “Alabama,” and two “South Carolina.” [ doubt very much whether the latter is correct. There is very good reason to believe that a// the large tuberculate, sulcate and anculate species inhabit the Tennessee River, the most ponderous ones extending from the Coosa, through middle and west Tennessee, to the Ohio River. Among the angulate forms two, trivittatum and tortum, are reported only from the Tombigbee and Chattahoochee Rivers respectively. None of the carinate group—inhabitants of Tennessee River—extend northward to the Ohio, but, strangely 130 AMERICAN JOURNAL enough, the North-western States furnish two peculiar species, —P. subulare of Niagara River, and P. Lewisii of Illinois River. But two plicate Plewrocere have yet been discovered, although this form is so very common to the (Goniebases in- habiting the same region. These shells are found in the Clinch and Cumberland Rivers. Of the smooth species, several extend to the Ohio River. ANGITREMA. The four species of the first group are inhabitants of the Tennessee River. A. salebrosa has been gathered in the Holston, in East Tennessee, and in the Tennessee at Florence, Alabama. A. Jayana inhabits Cany Fork, Tennessee. The five species of the third group are, with the exception of A. rota, very closely allied. A. armigera enjoys an extensive distribution. It was de- scribed from the Ohio River, and has since been found in the Wabash, Indiana, along with several other nodulous and plicate species, whose range is otherwise confined to more southern rivers. Kentucky and Tennessee are also given as habitats for this species; and in the latter State it doubtless originated. A. Duttoniana and Stygia are both reported from Cumberland River, and the former inhabits the Tennessee. The fourth group contains two species not easily distinguished, but differing very much in their range of habitat; for, while A. lima is confined to the lower waters of the Tennessee, A. verrucosa has a range co-extensive with that of armigera. It occurs in the Holston River and the whole extent of the Tennessee, the Cumberland, the lower parts of the Ohio, and is very plentiful in the Wabash. LITHASIA. While the Angitreme are essentially a Tennessee group, the subgenus Lithasia partakes of both characters. Its large inflated species, five in number, all occur in the Tennessee River at Florence, Alabama, and vicinity, while the more numerous, compact, heavy species, approaching in form to the typical Goniobases, are almost confined to the Coosa and Cahawba Rivers. The exceptions are a small group of three species, of which obovata is the type, which inhabit the Ohio River and its Kentucky and Indiana tributaries, and one singular subcylindrical species reported from the Cumberland. Mr. Anthony assigns T'ennessee as the habitat of his nucleola; but I think he is mistaken, as I have specimens from the Coosa. OF CONCHOLOGY. 131 STREPHOBASIS. Several of the species are reported only from Kast Tennessee, while two of them occur in the branches of the Alabama River. One of these is found in both rivers. Prof. Haldeman is in error in assigning Ohio River as the habitat of his S¢. curta. It has never been found there, but is one of the most plentiful shells of the Tennessee River, and as such, is in all our cabinets. Goniobasic Section. These shells constitute three-fifths of the species of Strepo- matide. They are naturally divided into two type forms: the first, heavy, compact, with large subcylindrical body and short spire, is eminently characteristic of the Coosa River; while the second, containing narrow, elongated species, with high spires of many whorls, although more extensively dis- tributed, is still very characteristic of the waters of the Tennessee River and branches. To the first of these forms undoubtedly belongs Muryce- fon, a new genus, which probably includes more species than have yet beenassigned to it;—-and Schizostoma. Ofthe six species of the former, one is from the Holston, another from the Cum- berland, and the balance from the tributaries of the Alabama River. SCHIZOSTOMA. This genus, embracing twenty-six species, divided into two distinct groups of nearly equal respective numbers, inhabits the Coosa River only, and in this limited space exhibits all the range of variation in form, size and ornamentation, belonging to genera which possess a more extended geo- graphical distribution. MESESCHIZA Contains at present only the type species. It is a very small, fragile shell, inhabiting the Wabash River, and does not appear to be of mature growth. GONIOBASIS. This very large and widely-extended genus embraces over two hundred and fifty species——more than half of all the Strepomatide,—and includes the only representatives of the famity west of the Rocky Mountains, or south of the United States. One species, beautifully ridged with sharp, revolving ribs,— the G. proscissa, of Anthony,—is reported simply from northern Alabama. There are eighteen tuberculate species ; the heavy, compact ones being principally from the branches 132 AMERICAN JOURNAL of Alabama River, while the elongate ones are found in the Tennessee. In the latter are incladed a very distinct group, typified by Postellii, of Lea, belonging to the tributaries of the Tennessee, in Northwest Georgia. ‘Two or three allied species are found in Florida. Among the tuberculate species, I have included G. occata, Hinds,—a California shell, of very doubtful generic character. The plicate species number eighty-five, of which about half inhabit the Tennessee River. A few of these extend into the Cumberland, and one or two to the Green River, of Kentucky. On the other side, a very few (five only) of the plicate species are found also in the Coosa and Black Warrior Rivers. Five species occur in Oregon and California. One species is reported from South Carolina, and two from Florida. The Ohio and Illinois Rivers each possess a species; and several occur in the Flint and Savannah Rivers, of Georgia. G. suturalis, Haldeman, reported from Ohio, is more likely a Georgia species, identical with one recently described by Mr. Lea. Twenty-seven angulate species are about equally distributed in the Coosa and 'l'ennessee Rivers. One of them, sordida, Lea, occurs both in the Cumberland and in Saline River, Arkansas. G. Potosiensis, Lea, is found in St. Francis River, Mo. G. proxima, Say, occurs in the Holston and Santee Rivers. G. bicincta, Anth., inhabits the Cahawba, Chattahoochce, Savannah, Roanoke, and is also reported from North Carolina and Arkansas ! Mr. Anthony’s habitat, “Ohio,” for his G. tecta is an error; the shell is known to come from the Coosa River. It is also very doubtful whether the specimens of Mr. Lea’s G. Spartanburgensis, from the Ohio River and from South Carolina, really belong to the same species. In such cases the authority for the alleged habitats should be rigorously in- vestigated. Of the twenty-six short, clavate, smooth species, a small group, with dark-colored, inflated shells, are quite characteristic of EK. Tennessee and southern W. Virginia. Five species are found in the Ohio River and the Lakes, and two, both of which will probably be found to be sometimes plicate, occur in the rivers of the Pacific States. There are forty-three smooth, elevated Gonzobases, of which about one-fourth inhabit the Tennessee, and the same number the Alabama River. Seven or eight occur in the Ohio River and Great Lakes, and two are found in Califorma. OF cONCHOLOGY. BB Three species inhabit Louisiana, and are the only Strepo- matidee reported from that State. Neither of them occur east of the Mississippi. G. semicarinata, one of the species of this division, extends from Tennessee and Kentucky, throughout all the Western States and the Lakes, and rejoices in twelve synonyms! There are eight striate species, of which one, G. Virginica, Say, is the only Goniobasis inhabiting the rivers of New York, Pennsylvania and Maryland. Through the Erie canal it is extendins to the Western Lakes.* Very close relatives to this shell are latitans, Anth., and sulcosa, Lea, the former from Green River, Ky., and the latter from Tennessee. There are over sixty species in the group which I have designated as “compact, ponderous,” for want of a_ better name. They are essentially a distinct group from the other Goniobases, and all the species, except three, are peculiar to the branches of the Alabama River. ANCULOSA. Thirteen species inhabit the Coosa River, three of which are common to the Tennessee, and one of them, A. prerosa, extends northward to the Ohio. ‘T'wo others are peculiar to the Tennessee. Three species are found in the Dan, Roanoke and Tar Rivers. A peculiar group of shells, possessing an inflated form and much lighter texture, are found in the Potomac and Susque- hannah Rivers, the Kanawha and the upper Ohio. They are— A. dissimilis, dilatata, costata and trilineata. Concluding Observations. In studying the species of Strepomatide, especial care must be taken not to consider young shells to be adult species. All of our conchologists who have described species of this family have fallen into this error. The aspects assumed by young or half-grown shells, are frequently so very different from their appearance when mature, as to be liable to mislead experienced naturalists. All quite young shells are characterized by a thin texture, very light color, and very sharp, acuminated spire, and in most cases by the base of the aperture being acuminate also. Nearly every species, even when smooth, in its adult state, presents the first few spires either sharply carinate, or plicate, or striate. Occasionally they are either one or the other in the same species. Hence, in describing shells as carinate, or * Vide Dr. James Lewis, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 134 AMERICAN JOURNAL plicate, or angulate, the appearance presented by the adult only, should be thus described. In some of the species, however, these lines, plice or carins, are persistent in the old shell, under favorable cir- cumstances, but in most specimens are not seen. ‘This is one difficulty which has caused the multiplication of synonymic names, generally unavoidably, on account of the scarcity of specimens, known to be from the same locality, for comparison. When a specimen exhibits a perfect spire in the adult state, (rare among the Strepomatide,) and the initial whorls are pli- cate or carinate, they cannot be regarded as affording reliable data for specific discrimination. And it is only when these marks extend quite, or more than half way to the body whorl, that the species should be regarded as plicate or cari- nate. Whether species not usually plicate do not in some localities become so, from the absence of disturbing influences of the waters, is a question that we cannot as yet definitely decide ; its decision in favor of such occasional development of plicze would effect the validity of many species which are now regarded as established. The development of carinz or tubercles on the body whorl of the adult shells is not nearly so constant a character as would, at first sight, appear to be the case, and several species are in doubt on this account. Generally, however, these may be regarded as more permanent characters when developed on the body than on the spire, as an adu/t shell is not subject to the same mutations of form as a juvenile individual. Of course, the relations of size and texture are applicable to adults only; and then the former is subject to much variation from external influences. ‘Texture is an important, because a tolerably permanent, discriminative guide. Color, external or internal, generally, should not be much relied on, nor the presence or absence of bands, or macula- tions; but in exceptional cases it is very characteristic, as in P. viridulum, Anth., for instance. Perhaps color in the interior is a more reliable feature than epidermal or eaternal hues. In some species, however, the presence or absence of bands forms a prominent distinctive feature. Form, though subject to variation, may be relied on as one of the best characteristics ; the length, number, and the convexity of the whorls, relative size of the aperture to that of the entire shell, shape of the outer lip and of the columella, are all generally reliable, T'o repeat; in distinguishing a species of Strepomatide, of course the first step is to ascertain whether it is adult. The signs of juvenility are—sharp extremities, thin texture, par- OF CONCHOLOGY. 135 ticularly the outer lip, which is frequently, on this account, broken, the very light color in the quite young, and the ab- sence of callosity upon the columella. A comparison of shape, angle of divergence of the whorls, &c., with specimens of adult shells, or with figures and de- scriptions, will generally suffice to detect half-grown shells. Many of the ponderous Alabama (Goniobases are bulbous in the half-grown state; the spire at first narrowly acuminate, then suddenly and very convexly expanding, resembling the growth of certain West India Cylindrelle. As with these terrestrials, the subulate portion invariably disappears in the adult, leaving a somewhat papzeform shell. We thus find that no one character (with very few excep- tions) can be relied on in specific discrimination, but rather a combination of characters, with a general idea of the necessary allowance for variation pervading other species of the same general type, or contiguous locality. 136 AMERICAN JOURNAL DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF HELIX. BY A. D. BROWN. 1. Hetrx LIBERIA, nob. Description—T. perforata, elevataé, tenue, diaphana, pallide cornea, superne striata, subtus leve, carinat&é; spira elevata; anfr. 7 superne planiusculis, subtus convexioribus, subex- sertis, ultimo non descendente ; apertura vix obliqua, angulato- lunare; perist. simplice, margine umbilicare reflexo. Diam. maj. 18, min. 16, alt. 7 mill. Habitat—Cape Palmas, Liberia. Shell perforate, elevated, thin, diaphanous, pale horn-color, above striated, beneath smooth, carinated; spire elevated ; whorls 7, above rather flat, below more convex, subexserted, the last not descending; aperture slightly oblique, lunately angled; peristome simple, with the umbilical margin re- flected. Bears some resemblance to H. pellucida, Gld., but is smaller, more coarsely striated, and much more acutely earinated. The umbilicus is also much smaller, and the spire more elevated. 2. HELIX AFRICA, nob. Description—T. perforata, tenue, superne convexiuscula, subtus convexa, diaphana, cornea, costata; spira subelevata; anfr. 54 convexiusculis, sensim accrescentis, ultimo non de- scendente, subcarinata; apertura vix obliqua, lunare; perist. superne breviter reflexo, ad umbilicum late reflexo. Diam. maj. 8, min. 7, alt. 5 mill. Habitat—Great Brakke, South Africa. Shell perforate, thin, above slightly convex, below convex, diaphanous, horn-color, costate; spire somewhat elevated; whorls 53, shghtly convex, gradually increasing, the last not descending, subcarinated; aperture slightly oblique, lunate; peristome above slightly reflected; at the umbilicus widely reflected. Resembles H. Planti, Pfr., but differsfrom it in being smaller, more elevated, more acutely carinated, in the coarser striz, and in the absence of the short hairs occurring in that species. ar. + ao ia + OMrMy, L. O~ You from Eknterprise, but Prom the Jackson formati on at Garlands nw tie Doe Ci | yi 4 ys = | a «Me r3r reek, %3 milés east of Shubuta, fa Ar ’ % a ral ia ee ( a «Ae GPM: eae ara i 20> e90c Pp» whe 1? ! Ae DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW EOCENE SHELLS FROM ENTERPRISE, MISSISSIPPI. BY. 12.) A.) CONRAD: Dr. William Spillman, who formerly resided in Columbus, Miss., has forwarded to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, many new Cretaceous and Kocene fossils, among which [I find a series collected at Enterprise, Clarke Co., Miss., all of which are new, and distinct from those of any other locality from which fossils have been sent to the Academy. The group, I presume, is more nearly synchronous with that of Claiborne than with the Jackson group. CORBULA, Lam. C. FILOSA, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 7. Description—Subtriangular, subequilateral; umbonal slope carinated and submarginal; surface striated with fine imbri- cated lines. One valve only is in the collection, (the larger valve,) and is very distinct from the other American Hocene species. DIONE, Gray. D. sECURIFORMIS, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 1. Description—Subcordate, ventricose, with concentric re- curved ribs; anterior margin acutely rounded; posterior ex- tremity subtruncated; lunule cordate, defined by a slightly impressed line; right valve—cardinal teeth approximate, curved, direct. D, ANNEXA, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 5. Description.—Ovate, convex ; posteriorly cuneate, abruptly rounded at the extremity; substance thick; anterior side short, obtusely rounded; ventral margin rounded; umbo broad; anterior cardinal tooth robust in the left valve, py- ramidal. One valve only is in the collection, and is water-worn, but otherwise entire. It differs from D. perovata in being a smalley species, less in diameter through the umbones, and less pro- duced posteriorly. It has some resemblance to D. silicea, C., but is shorter anteriorly, and proportionally longer in outline. 138 AMERICAN JOURNAL TELLINA, Lin. Suscenus, ANGULUS, Muhlfeldt. T. EBURNEOPSIS, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 17. Description.—Subovate, inequilateral, thin in substance, compressed, white, polished; apex slightly prominent, acute, fold submarginal, distinct; anterior margin regularly rounded ; posterior margin very oblique, subtruncated at the end, and angular at tip. One right valve only, in the collection, very distinct from any other fossil species I have seen from the Amevican Ter- tiaries. T. ALBARIA, nob.—pl. 11, fig. 7. Description.—Oblong, inequilateral, thin in substance, com- pressed, white, with traces of one or two concentric bands; fold obsolete. One left valve, very distinct from the preceding, or any other American species known to me. Suscenus, TELLINELLA, Gray. T. LINIFERA, nob.—pl. 10, figs. 16, 18. Description — Oblong ; fold distinct, but not profound; con- centric lines acute anteriorly, and angulated over the fold. Two left valves, imperfect, the outlines of which have been restored in the figures. The outline of fig. 18 is incorrectly drawn; it should be nearer the proportions of fig. 16. ALYEINUS, Conrad. Description—Equivalved, smooth; anterior, posterior and ventral margins channelled within; hinge of right valve emarginate under the apex, and having one pyramidal tooth anteriorly; hinge of left valve with a pit under the apex, and two compressed diverging teeth anteriorly; pallial line entire ? A. MINUTA, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 2. Description—Suboval or suborbicular, very inequilateral, convex, smooth and shining ; margins rounded. This is a minute shell, much enlarged in the figure, and common in the small quantity of marl which accompanies the specimens. The family to which it should be referred is undetermined. A microscopic channel margins the valves within. : SPHZRELLA, Conrad. S. BULLA, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 9. Description —Equilateral, orbicular, subspheroidal; surface with distant, shallow, concentric furrows, or undulations. OF CONCHOLOGY. 139 CYCLAS, Klein. C. curTA, nob. Description—Kquilateral, suborbicular, ventricose, concen- trically finely striated; posterior end truncated, direct; dorsal margins each with two or three pointed tubercles; beaks shghtly prominent, acute. Length 2 inch; height the same. PROTOCARDIA, Beyrich. P. LIMA, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 8. Description—Subtriangular, inequilateral, length greater than the height, ventricose, minutely radiated; posterior margin obliquely truncated, extremity much above the line of the base, obtusely rounded; umbo rather narrow; post- umbonal slope densely radiated and tuberculated. Nearest in outline to P. diversa, Conrad; but that species is smooth on the post-umbonal slope. CRASSATELLA, Lam, C. pRopucTA, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 6. Proc. A. N. Sei, 1862, p. 289. GOULDIA, Adams. G. PYGMA, nob. Description—Triangular, equilateral, with eight distinct concentric ribs; posterior hinge-margin very slightly curved, the anterior straight, but slightly angular at the umbo; anterior extremity angular and situated medially to the height of the valves. AXINAA, Poli. A. INEQUISTRIA, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 12. Description. — Suborbicular, slightly oblique, moderately ventricose, radiating striz, coarse, unequal towards the ends; within, the marginal teeth are concave or channelled. A. DUPLISTRIA, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 19. Description—sSubcircular, longer than high; ventricose, ' subequilateral, not oblique; radii closely arranged, double or grooved in the middle, except towards the ends; within, the marginal teeth small and closely arranged. NUCULANA, Link. N. LINIFERA, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 8. Description—Hlliptical, ventricose, equilateral, concentri- cally ribbed; ribs obsolete posteriorly, and remote; each side 140 AMERICAN JOURNAL has a slight furrow or fold radiating from the beak; anterior extremity acute; ventral margin rounded. This small species is very perfect, with both valves connected. The figure is much enlarged. NUCULA, Lam. N. SPHENIOPSIS, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 13. Description —Obliquely ovate-triangular, slightly ventricose ; posterior side cuneiform, extremity acutely rounded; inner margin minutely crenulated. ARCOPERNA, Conrad, Description —Oval or oblong, inflated; beaks terminal; hinge edentulous; ligament internal; muscular impressions marginal, A. FILOSA, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 14. Description—Suboval, inflated, thin, pearly; radiated with minute, closely-arranged lines; disk somewhat flattened behind the umbonal slope; posterior margin subtruncated above, extremity rounded; basal margin rounded posteriorly ; beak terminal. This genus appears to me quite distinct from Modiola, and is characteristic of the Hocene period. Jf. radiolata, Desh., is congeneric, and the peculiarities of the species described by Deshayes are, I think, of generic value. PECTEN, Lin. Suspcgenus EBURNEOPECTEN, Conrad. Description. — Smooth, polished, thin, of an _ ivory-like substance. This subgenus is common in ‘Hocene strata, but I have not met with it in later formations. P. SCINTILLATUS, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 4. Description.—Ovate, very thin in substance; umbo ventri- cose, narrow, apex acute; anteriorly the larger valve is marked with minute fine lines, having a shagreen-like cha- racter. The smaller valve of this species is unknown. OSTREA, Lin. O. FALCIFORMIS, nob.—pl. 11, fig. 1. Description—Subfaleate; larger valve, with divaricating, prominent ribs; posterior submargin depressed, and finely ribbed; upper valve convex, without ribs. A variety of this species has very numerous narrow ribs, OF CONCHOLOGY. 141 about forty-four in number; but the specimen figured has not more than thirty-four, and is of a much broader form. It is nearly allied to O. swbmissa, Deshayes. DOLIOPSIS. D. QUINQUECOSTA, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 15. Description. — Subglobose, slightly beaked; body whorl ornamented with five distant, acutely angular, revolving ribs, the inferior rib smallest and approximate; spire short, whorls angular at the top and flattened; aperture narrow; beak sinuous. TURRITELLA, Lam. T. PERDITA, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 10. Description.—Broad at base ; volutions thirteen or fourteen, laterally flattened, and having five prominent revolving lines on each, with an intermediate fine line; the two inferior volu- tions of the spire slightly projecting near the base; body volution angulated; base finely striated; lines on the volu- tions, towards the apex, crenulated. MESALIA, Gray. M? ARENICOLA, nob.—pl. 10, fig. 11. Description.—V olutions thirteen ? convex, penultimate, and two contiguous volutions, each with seven acute, prominent, revolving lines; the two inferior lines remote, and the third more prominent and distant than the remainder; towards the apex this line is not more prominent than those above it, but the second becomes large and carinates the volutions, giving them an angular appearance; one, -and occasionally two, very fine lines alternate with the others. 142 AMERICAN JOURNAL DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW EOCENE SHELLS OF THE UNITED STATES. BY T. A. CONRAD. STREPSIDURA, Swainson. S. LINTEA, nob. fpf. te ps Description.—Ovate-acute ; spire scalariform, consisting of five angular volutions; strix rugose, prominent and coarse below the angle of the volutions and body whorl, fine on the space above; longitudinal ribs acute, prominent, distant, ~ obsolete or wanting on the back of the body whorl; beak very short, recurved. Leneth ? inch. Locality—Claiborne, Alabama. SURCULA, Adams. S. GABpit, nob.—pl. 11, fig. 5. Description.—F usiform,; volutions eight or nine, convex and subangulated beneath and indented above, with fine revolving lines, the indented space angular above, between which angle and the suture the striz are largest; this indentation has minute, very close-arranged revolving lines; body volu- tion with numerous rugose alternated lines, obsolete on the upper part of the volution; beak long and straight. Locality.— Texas. S. LINTEA, nob. Description —Turrited ; volutions ten, subangulated sub- medially, with a prominent revolving line on the angle; lower half of volutions salient and obscurely costate; revolving wrin- kled lines on all the whorls, except three, from the apex ; five of these on the penultimate volution below the prominent line on the angle, which is situated above the middle of each volution ; body whorl obscurely costate on the shoulder, and having re- volving, unequal lines nearly to the extremity of the beak ; lines about eighteen in number below the summit of the aper- ture. Locality —Claiborne. ? COCHLESPIRA, Conrad. C. ENGONATA, nob. (:2/ fry ©: Description.—F usiform ; spire elevated, whorls seven, terebri- form, with minute, wrinkled, revolying lines, obsolete above OF CONCHOLOGY. 143 the angle, which is carinated and obscurely crenulated ; beak produced, reflected at the end. Length 1§ inch. Locality Claiborne and Texas. MONILIOPSIS, Conrad. Description—Turrited, cancellated; fissure of labrum shal- low; beak very short. M. ELABORATA, (Pleurot.,) nob. This beautiful shell does not agree in generic character with other Pleurotomidex, but it forms a connecting link between ' the shells with a smooth or entire columella and the plaited genera Scobinella, and Borsonia. DRILLIA, Gray. D. TEXANA, nob. Description —Turrited, whorls seven, polished, longitudinally costate ; ribs prominent, rather distant; suture profoundly ecari- nated; deposit on labium thick and broad; beak very short. Locality—W heelock, Texas. TORTOLIVA, Conrad. Description—Subeylindrical, or subovate; spire short, ob- tuse; aperture elongated, effuse at base; columella callous, with an impressed, oblique fold. 7. TeXANA, nob. Description.—Ancilliform, smooth; spire papilliform, and consisting of two volutions; an impressed, sinuous line extends along the body near the columella, beneath which an oblique impressed is continued from the columellar fold. Length } inch. MONOPTYGMA, Lea. M. curTA, nob.—pl. 11, fig. 8. Description. —Subelliptical; spire short, the volutions slightly convex, indented at the suture; body volution ventricose, abruptly rounded above, near the suture; aperture patulous; columella with a prominent acute fold, and tortuous and obtusely carinated towards the base; basal margin wide. Localhity.— Claiborne, Alabama. 144 AMERICAN JOURNAL VOLUTILITHES, Swainson. V. INDENTA, nob. Description.—Subfusiform ; spire elevated ; volutions scala- riform, and ridged below the suture, longitudinally costate ; body whorl ribs acute; revolving, attenuated ‘strize from the upper angle to the base; area above the angle concave ; strize obsolete; columella with two equal, acute, oblique plaits. Length $ inch. V. IMPRESSA, nob. Description —Fusiform; volutions seven, concave above, with a revolving ridge at the suture: inferiorly ribbed ; ribs sub- spinous at the angle ; body whorl with prominent, compressed _ spines on the angle, capping the ribs; revolving lines im- pressed ; columella with two slender prominent, nearly equal plaits. Length 14 inch. Locality.— Texas. } OBELISCUS, Humphrey. O. PEREXILIS, nob. Description—Subulate, polished; volutions fourteen; sides straight above and rounded at base; suture deeply chan- nelled; body whorl with slightly concave sides; columella with a prominent plait uniting with the labial deposit. ARCHITECTONICA, Bolten. A. CHELATURA, nob.—pl. 11, fig. 13. Description Depressed, with minute beaded, or tuberculated, revolving lines, and a larger line near the base of each volu- tion, and one near the suture above, smaller than the former, but more distinct than the finer lines beneath; periphery carinated ; base finely striated and tuberculated, with two dis- tant larger lines; submargin of umbilicus grooved; umbilicus small, edge crenate. Locality.—Claiborne, Alabama. BULIMUS, B. FLoripanus, nob.—pl. 11, fig. 11, Enlarged figure of fossil described by me in the Amer. Jour. of Science, (Hulima Floridana, D'Orbigny.) The tertiary limestone in which it was found, is supposed to be an Eocene. rock. OF CONCHOLOGY. 145 CANCELLARIA, Lam. C. LIRATA, nob.—pl. 11, fig. 3. Description—F usiform, volutions five, angular at the summit ; spire scalariform ; ribs longitudinal, compressed and acute; sum- mit or upper area of body whorl slightly concave, and the ribs prominent or subspiniform at the angle; a few distant ob- solete revolving lines towards the base; umbilicus small, pro- found. Length, + inch. This small species (enlarged in the figure) is probably from Texas. C. IMPRESSA, nob.—pl. 11, fig. 16. Description—Hlongated, acutely ovate, volutions seven, angu- lar, and flattened above; ribs longitudinal, acute, subspiniform at the summit angle; body whorl slightly carinated at the angle, with only one or two ribs; umbilicus wide, carinated on the margin; labrum finely striate within; labium reflexed; base subacute. Locality.—Claiborne, Alabama. C. TORTIPLICA, nob. Description.—Subfusiform, with longitudinal narrow ribs and a few thick varices; volutions six, those of the spire con- vex; regular, prominent revolving lines, six in number, on the penultimate volution, eighteen or nineteen on the body whorl, fine, and crowded near the suture and base; labrum striate within ; columella with three sinuous plaits, the upper one large and thick. Length 2 inch. Locality.— Texas. TORNATELLAA, Conrad. APNEA S nob: Description—Subglobose, with numerous revolving lines; spire short, acute; aperture patulous; columella with two dis- ‘tant plaits. Actzxon latus, Conrad, Hocene Catalogue, p. 34. Locality.— Alabama. CORBULA, Lam. C. FILOSA, nob. Description —Subtriangular, equilateral, length and height nearly equal; disk concentrically ribbed; ribs imbricated; posterior slope indented; extremity truncated. Lenyth 4 inch. Locality— Vicksburg, Miss. 146. AMERICAN JOURNAL EGERIA, Lea. E. DONACEA, nob.—pl. 11, fig. 12. Description.—Triangular, donaciform, ventricose ; posterior side short, subtruncated at the extremity; anterior dorsal mar- gin slightly incurved ; disks minutely radiated; umbo ventri- cose; inner margin crenulated. Locality.—Claiborne, Alabama. VENERID AL. CYTHERIOPSIS, Conrad. Description —Triangular; hinge composed of two compressed or linear teeth under the apex, and two oblique teeth anterior to them; in the left valve are four diverging teeth, the posterior one linear; and a lateral pyramidal compressed tooth ante- riorly; cartilage area rugose; pallial lime with a shallow, rounded sinus. C. Hypana, Conrad. This very distinct genus has been usually referred to Gra- teloupia, Desmoulins; but it has one more cardinal tooth in each valve, and a slight pallial sinus, which in Grateloupia is very profound. It is at present represented by this one spe- cies, and peculiar to the Hocene. CYCLAS, Klein. C. CLAIBORNENSIS, nob. Description—Suborbicular, compressed, inequilateral; beaks small and acute; disk with concentric, prominent, numerous lamelliform strize ; ligament margin straight, oblique ; poste- rior end truncated, or slightly emarginate; ventral margin profoundly rounded. Height 1} inch. Length 14 inch. Locality.—Claiborne, Alabama. This shell occurs in the group at the base of Claiborne Bluff, belonging to an older division of the Hocene than the Claiborne group above. The cardinal teeth are prominent, and the pits profound. OF CONCHOLOGY. 147 MYSIA, Leach. M. ASTARTIFORMIS, nob.—t. 11, fig. 15. Mysia Astartiformis, Conrad.—Jour. Acad. Nat. Sciences, 2d series, IV., p. 296. M. LEVIS, nob. Description.—Suborbicular, thin, convex, inequilateral ; pos- terior margin subtruncated. Sphzrella levis, C.—Cat. of Eocene Shells in this Journal, arte! neo: . Locality Claiborne, Alabama. It is smaller than Diplodonta bidens, Deshayes, but more nearly resembles it than any other species of the Paris Hocene- M. DELTOIDEA, nob.—t. 11, fig. 10. Description—Subtriangular, ventricose, subequilateral; pos- terior margin obtusely rounded; anterior angular; extremity medial compared with the height; disk anteriorly concen- trically striated, posteriorly smooth. Locality — Claiborne, Alabama. NUCULANA, Link. N. PROTEXTA, nob.—pl. 11, fig. 6. Description —Hlongated, slightly ventricose, with closely- arranged, minute thread-like concentric lines, distinct and rugose on the anterior submargin, which is flattened, or broadly and slightly furrowed; upper margin oblique, medially recti- linear, reflexed at the end; posterior extremity above the middle and on a line with the anterior end; posterior ventral margin obliquely truncated. Alabama. Dr. Showalter. ACT AZONEMA, Conrad. Oxlatura, Conrad.—Amer. Jour. Conch., No. 1, p. 39. Locality. Description. — Conical; volutions numerous, sculptured as in the genus Actwon, Montfort; aperture suboval, acutely rounded and reflected at base; peristome not continuous. This genus has some resemblance to Aciis, Loven, but the sculpture is the same as in Actwon, and the aperture like that of many species of Melania, Lam. A. sTRIATA.—+t. 11, fig. 2. Pasithea striata, Lea.—Contributions to Geology. 148 AMERICAN JOURNAL Description.—V olutions nine, each with four transversely- striated grooves, except the body whorl, which has twelve; base slightly umbilicated; labium grooved within. CONUS, Lin. C. ALVEATUS, nob.—t. 11, fig. 4. Description. — Oblong-turbinate, thin in substance; sides straight below and slightly convex above; summit of body volution and each whorl of the spire profoundly carinated ; spire very short, with a slightly concave outline; base with impressed revolving lines. Locality—Vicksburg, Miss. This species differs from the Hocene sauridens, in having a less elevated and a more profoundly carinated spire, and the revolving lines on the spire are less numerous than in the former. C, SUBSAURIDENS, nob.—t. 11, fig. 9. Description. — Hlongately acutely conical, with straight sides, slightly curving towards the summit of body whorl; summit and spire sharply carinated; three volutions from the apex exserted. Locality—From the Burrstone, probably, of Alabama. The specimen is silified. It differs from the preceding species in form, and the lower part has much finer, more equal, and more numerous revolving lines. OF CONCHOLOGY. 149 REFERENCE TO THE PLATES ILLUSTRATING Mr. CoNRAD’S DESCRIPTIONS OF EocENE MOLLUSCA. Plate 10. Fig. 1. DIONE SECURIFORMIS, C.—P. 187. te 2. ALVEINUS MINUTA, C.—P. 138. 3. PROTOCARDIA LIMA, C.—P. 139. 4, PECTEN SCINTILLATUS, C.—P. 140. 5. DIONE ANNEXA, C.—P. 137. 6. CRASSATELLA PRODUCTA, C.—P. 189. 7. CorRBULA FILOSA, C.—P. 187. 8. NUCULANA LINIFERA, C.—P. 139. 9. SPHHRELLA BULLA, C.—P. 138. 10. TURRITELLA PERDITA, C.—P. 141. 11. MESALIA? ARENICOLA, C.—P. 141. 12. AXINIA INEQUESTRIA, C.—P. 139. 13. NucuLA SPHENIOPSIS, C.—P. 140. 14. ARCOPERNA FILOSA, O.—P. 140. ‘ 15. DOLIOPSIS QUINQUECOSTA, C.—P. 141. 16. TELLINA LINIFERA, C.—P. 138. Thy i EBURNEOPSIS, C.—P. 188. iio: e LINIFERA, C.—P. 188. 19, AXINIA DUPLISTRIA, C.—P. 139. Piawevidl: OSTREA FALCIFORMIS, C.—P. 140. . ACTHONEMA STRIATA, Lea, (sp.)—P. 147. . CANCELLARIA LIRATA, C.—P. 145. CoNUSs ALVEATUS, C.—P. 148 . SURCULA GABBII, C.—P. 142. . NUCULANA PROTEXTA, C.—P. 147. . TELLINA ALBARIA, C.—P. 188. . Monopry@mMa curtA, C.—P. 1438. . CONUS SUBSAURIDENS, C.—P. 148. . MYSIA DELTOIDEA, C.—P. 147. . BULIMUS FLORIDANUS, C.—P. 144. . EeERIA DonactraA, C.—P. 146. . 14. ARCHITECTONICA CHLATURA, C.—P. 144. . Mysra ASTARTIFORMIS, C.—P. 148. 16. CANCELLARIA IMPRESSA, C.—P. 145. ft j ee el ae orw bd Fe 150 AMERICAN JOURNAL CATALOGUE OF THE OLDER EOCENE SHELLS OF OREGON. BY T. A. CONRAD. The Fossil Shells of the United States Exploring Expedi- tion, collected at Astoria, and published in Dana’s Report on Geology and Paleontology, were referred by me to the Mio- cene period. A larger acquaintance with Tertiary Fossils in general, has led me to the conclusion, that their position is in the Older Eocene, and that they correspond in their horizon to the group of Shark River, Monmouth Co., New Jersey; holding, in common, the Aturia ziczac. ‘The shells of Shark River being in the form of casts, not sufficiently characteristic for comparison with those of Oregon, the Aturia is the only species that is certainly common to the two localities, but several of the Oregon species are almost identical with shells of the London Clay of Bracklesham and Bognor. All the species in this catalogue contained in Dana’s Report, are with- out other reference than page, plate and figure. CEPHALOPODA. ATURIA, Bronn. A. z1czAc, (Nautilus,) Sowerby. Nautilus angustatus, Con.—P. 728, pl. 20, figs. 5, 6. Pelagus Vanuxemi, Con.—Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., i., 2d se- ries, p. 130, t. 14, f. 5. GASTEROPODA. MURICID. PRISCOFUSUS, Conrad. P. CORPULENTUS (Fusus,) Con.—P. 728, pl. 20, fig. 4. P. DEVINCTUS (Buccinum?) Con.—P. 728, pl. 20, fig. 2. P. GENICULUS (Fusus,) Con.—P. 728, pl. 20, fig. 3. P. MEDIALIS (Cerithium?) Con.—P. 728, pl. 20, fig. 1. P. NODIFERUS, Con.—PI. 20, fig. 12. P. OREGONENSIS, Con.—PI. 20, figs. 10, 11. DOLIID A. DOLIOPSIS, Conrad. D. PeTRosuS (Doliwm,) Con.—P. 727, pl. 19, figs. 8 and 5. D. BILIRATUM (Dolium petrosum,) Con.—P. 727, pl. 19, fig. 4. OF CONCHOLOGY. 151 SYCOTYPHUS, Browne. S. MODEsTUS, Con.—Amer. Jour. Science, 1848, p. 433, fig. 12. S. OREGONENSIS, (Fusus,) Con——Amer. Jour. Science, 1848, p. 433, fig. 18. VOLUTIDA. VOLUTILITHES, Swains, V? INDURATA (Rostellaria,) Con.—P. 727, pl. 19, fig. 12. NATICIDA. LUNATIA, Gray. L. OREGONENSIS, Con.—PI. 19, fig. 6, b, ¢. NEVERITA, Risso. N. SAXEA (Natica,) Con.—P. 727, pl. 19, fig. 7. CATINUS, Klein. C. scopuLosus (Sigaretus,) Con.—P. 727, pl. 19, figs. 6 and 6 a. CHRITHIOPSIDA. CERITHIOPSIS, Forbes and Hanley. C.? OREGONENSIS, Con.—PI. 20, figs. 18, 14. CANCELLARITDA. CANCELLARIA, Lam. C.? OREGONENSIS, Con.—PI. 20, fig. 8. CY LICHNIDA. CYLICHNA, Loven. C. OREGONA (Bulla petrosa,) Con.—P. 727, pl. 19, fig. 8. C. peTROSA (Bullina,) Con—Amer. Jour. Science, 1848, p. 438, fig. 11. CALYPTRAID A. CRYPTA, Humphrey. C. PRERUPTA (Crepidula,) Con.—P. 727, pl. 19, figs. 9, 10. C. ROSTRALIS, Con.—PI. 19, fig. 11. DENTALITD®. DENTALIUM, Lin. D.? suBSTRIATUM (Teredo,) Con.—P. 728, pl. 20, figs. 7 and 7 a. 152 AMERICAN JOURNAL CONCHIFERA. SOLENID. SOLENA, Browne. F S. PROTEXTA (Donax?) Con.—P. 728, pl. 17, fig. 9. ENSIS, Schum. E. curtus (Solen,) Con—Amer. Jour. Science, 1848, p. 433, g. SAXICAVIDA. GLYCIMERIS, Klein. G. ABRUPTA (Panopxa,) Con.—P. 723, pl. 17, fig. 5. ANATINID. THRACIA, Leach, !.? TRAPEZOIDES, Con.—P. 723, pl. 17, fig. 6. MACTRIDE. MACTRA, Lin. M. ALBARIA, Con.—Amer. Jour. Science, 1848, p. 432, fig. 4. TELLINID. TELLINA, Lin. T. ALBARIA, Con.—P. 725, pl. 18, fig. 5. T. ARcTATA, Con.—P. 725, pl. 18, fig. 3. T. BITRUNCATA, Con.—P. 725. T’". EMACERATA, Con.—P. 725, pl. 18, fig. 4. T.? opruTA, Con.__Amer. Jour. Science, 1848, p.432, fig. 6. T. OREGONENSIS, Con. “ ss a ema ee T. SUBNASUTA (nasuta,) Con.——P. 725. VENERID A. VENUS, Lin. V.? LAMELLIFERA.—P. 724, pl. 17, fig. 12. V. sEcuRIS, Shumard.——Trans. St. Louis Acad., vol.i., p. 122. DIONE, Gray. D. ANGUSTIFRONS ( Venus,) Con.—-P. 724, pl. 17, fig. 11. D. BREVILINEATA ( Venus,) Con.—P. 724, pl. 17, fig. 18. D. OREGONENSIS (Cytherea,) Con—-Amer. Jour. Science, 1848, p. 483, fig. 8. D. VESPERTINA (Cythrea,) Con.—Jbid., fig. 9. OF CONCHOLOGY. 153 CYPRINID A. CYPRINA, Lam. C. BISECTA (Venus.)—P. 724, pl. 17, fig. 10; val Mey ties, 17 CARDIID A. CARDIUM, Nin. C. SUBTENTUM (Cardita,) Con.—P. 726, pl. 18, fig. 12. LUCINID 4. CYCLAS, Klein. C. ACUTILINEATA (Lucina,) Con.—P. 728, pl. 18, fig. 2. Pectunculus patulus? Con.—P. 726, pl. 18, fig. 8. C. FiBROSA (Lucina,) Shumard.—Trans. St. Louis Acad., vol. ib pei20 SOLEMYAD&. SOLEMYA, Lam. S. VENTRICOSA, Con—P. 728, pl. 17, figs. 7, 8. UNGULINID. MYSIA, Leach. M. PARILIS (Loripes,) Con.—Amer. Jour. Science, 1848, p. 483, Ra fe ARCID As. ANOMALOCARDIA, Klein. A.? DEVINCTA (Arca,) Con.—P. 726, pl. 18, fig. 10. AXIN AIDA. LIMOPSIS, Sassi. L. NITENS (Pectunculus,) Con.—P. 726, pl. 18, fig. 9. L.? OREGONENSIS, Con.—PI. 18, fig. 11. NUCULID. NUCULA, Lam. Susgenus ACILA, Adams. N.Conrapt, Meek, (NV. divaricata, Con.)—P. 723, pl. 18, fig. 6. LEDID 4s. NEILO, Adams. N. asrupta (Nucula,) Con—Amer. Jour. Science, 1848, p. 423, fig. 8. iN. Onncona, (Zeda,) Shumard.—Trans. St. Louis Acad., N.. eh (Nucula,) Con.—Amer. Jour. Science, 1848, p. 4338, N. Re (Leda,) Shumard.— Trans. St. Louis mead, tp. ll. 154 AMERICAN JOURNAL YOLDIA, Morch. Y. impressa (Nucula,) Con.—P. 728, pl. 18, fig. 7. PECTENIDA. PECTEN, Lin. P. PROPATULUS, Con.—P. 723, pl. 19, fig. 18. P. CoosENsIs, Shumard.—Trans. St. Louis Acad., vol.i., p.122. BRACHIOPODA. RHYNCONELLA, Fischer. R. (Lerebratula) NITENS, Con.—P. 728, pl. 19, fig. 1. OF CONCHOLOGY. 1U5%5) DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN UNIONIDE. BY JOHN G. ANTHONY. UNIO sTRIATISsIMuS, Anthony.—t. 12, fi 1. Description. — Shell roughly striate, rhombic, depressed, rather thick ; epidermis olivaceous, with green rays, more dis- tinct at, and for a short distance below each mark of growth, which lines become obsolete, or nearly so, about midway be- tween two of the lines of increase; old specimens have these rays so indistinct as to be scarcely perceptible, and the whole shell presents a uniform, greyish-olive color; beaks scarcely elevated, wrinkled at tip; marks of growth distant and very distinct ; cardinal teeth large, broad, striate, deeply cleft in the left valve; lateral teeth long, curved, and with a long, smooth plate between them and the cardinal teeth; anterior cicatrices distinct and deep; posterior cicatrices well im- pressed, but confluent ; nacre white. Habitat.—Tennessee. My Cabinet. Cabinet of George W. Tryon, Jr. Observations.—This species is remarkable for its unusually rough exterior, being more rudely striate than any known American species. This character, combined with its dull greyish-olive color, its flattened form and rhombic outline, will readily distinguish it from all others. Some forty or fifty specimens have been observed, of all ages, and it is probably not uncommon where found. It is somewhat remarkable that so striking a species, occurring in a region often explored, should have so long been overlooked, which may, however, be owing to its being very local in habitat. May be compared with U. scamnatus, Mor., which it resembles somewhat in striation, but its form is less elongate, it is pro- portionally broader, more depressed, and its strise are not so erect and prominent as in that species. From U. stramineus, Con., it differs in being less inflated, less elliptical, and its marks of growth are more crowded and rougher than in stramineus, while the color is very different. 156 AMERICAN JOURNAL Unio pistans, Anthony.—t. 18, f. 2. Description. —Shell smooth, elliptical, slightly inflated, rather thick; beaks somewhat prominent, finely and closely undulated at tip; epidermis yellowish-olive, relieved by beautiful dark-green rays over the umbones and anterior portion of the shell, while the posterior end, which is some- what truncate and subangulated, is also darker in. color, often of a blackish-brown; cardinal teeth double in both valves ; posterior lobe of the right valve triangular, compressed, pyramidal and striated; anterior lobe small, pointed; the anterior lobe of the teeth in the left valve is narrow, conical, pointed, and the posterior lobe less elevated; the cleft be- tween them is very deep and rather broad; nacre white and iridescent. Dimensions.—Diameter ? inch; length 8 inches; breadth 1? inch. Habitat.—Ohio. My Cabinet. Observations—In form and general appearance not unlike U. siliquoideus, Barnes, but varies in several particulars, being more elongate, less inflated, and having its marks of growth stronger and darker in color; the green rays are also of a different shade and more interrupted. The epidermis is only - moderately shining, never possessing the brilliant, shining surface of s¢liquoideus. UNIo DEviatTus, Anthony.—t. 12, fi 2. Description.—Shell smooth, elliptical, moderately thick; epidermis olivaceous, with delicate, fine, capillary rays over the umbones and posterior part of the shell, obsolete on the anterior portion; beaks not elevated, very much eroded in all the specimens observed, but apparently never undulated; ligament very short and thin; cardinal teeth in the right valve long, curved and striate, or crenulate; in the left valve they are double, erect, slightly curved, and both deeply and widely cleft; anterior cicatrices distinct and well impressed ; posterior cicatrices confluent; nacre white and iridescent on the posterior margin. Habitat.—Tennessee. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Hugh Cuming, London. Mus. Comp. Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Observations.—Belongs to a group of which U. capsexformis, Lea, U. Haysianus, Lea, and U. interruptus, Raf., are promi- OF CONCHOLOGY. JO nent members. It differs from capseformis, in being more inflated and narrower, while its peculiar sac-development is nearer the posterior basal edge in the female shell, and the males of each are still more unlike in appearance. From Haysianus it differs by its longer form and thiner. texture; and interruptus, Raf., which is the female of brevidens, Lea, is always broader, heavier and differently marked as to coloration. Unto saccuLus, Anthony.—t. 12, f. 3. Description.—Shell smooth, elliptical, inflated; valves rather thin; beaks somewhat prominent; epidermis olive-colored, and nearly covered with fine green rays, which become obsolete on the lower portion of the anterior half of the shell; cardinal teeth small, compressed, erect, double in both valves; lateral teeth short, curved and striated; nacre pearly white and iridescent. Habitat—Tennessee. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Hugh Cuming, London. Mus. Comp. Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Observations—Belongs to a group, the females of which are characterized by a bulbous swelling, containing the ege- sac. To this group belongs also, U. capseformis, Lea, deviatus, Anth., florentinus, Lea, and many others. The present species has this enlargement more globular than those mentioned above, resembling in this respect the honey bag of a monster bee. Some twenty or thirty specimens have at various times been observed, all very uniform in appearance, and no one who has ever seen it can well mistake it for any other species. ALASMODON ImpRESSA, Anthony.—t. 12, fi 4. Description—Shell smooth, elliptical, inequilateral, rounded before and biangular behind; substance of the shell rather thin; beaks subprominent, recurved, and undulate at tip; epi- dermis greenish-yellow, relieved by darker, fine, green lines, radiating from beak to basal margin, which is often emargi- nate; anterior portion of the shell regularly rounded, posterior portion biangular and darker in color, often quite brown; marks of growth distant, and very conspicuous, only two or three on each valve; anterior cicatrices lightly impressed, con- fluent; posterior cicatrices distinct and deeply impressed ; nacre silvery white and iridescent. Habitat—Tennessee. My Cabinet. Mus. Comp. Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. 158 AMERICAN JOURNAL Observations —A_ small, but beautiful species, not readily confounded with any other; resembles A/as. calceola, Lea, in general form, but is less inflated, proportionally longer, and is generally emarginate on the basal edge, besides being less truncate on the posterior end. On the umbonial slope may generally be observed several short, distinctly-impressed lines often decussating; hence its name. Such lines are sometimes seen in other species, but not often, and never so conspicuously as in this. ALASMODON RHOMBICA, Anthony.—t. 12, f. d. Description.—Shell smooth, quadrate or rhombic in form, somewhat inflated, obtusely angulated behind, rounded before, and nearly equilateral; substance of the shell somewhat thin ; beaks prominent, rugosely undulate at the tips and for some distance below, occupying sometimes nearly half the first srowth; epidermis olivaceous, faintly rayed, and with promi- nent, somewhat crowded marks of growth; these marks of growth are indicated by broad, darker bands, about four in number on each valve; anterior cicatrices rather deep and distinct; posterior cicatrices less deep and confluent; nacre deeply salmon-colored under the beaks, becoming fainter towards the basal margin, where it is bluish-white and shin- ing, but not iridescent. Dimensions.—Diameter 3 inch; length 2 inches; breadth 14 inches. Habitat.—Michigan. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Hugh Cuming, London. Cabinet of George W. Tryon, Jr. Observations.—This species cannot easily be mistaken for any other, its short, quadrate form being sufficient to identify it. In old specimens the epidermis is generally coarsely striate and nearly black. It is less elongate, and not elliptical, like A. edentula, Say, which often has the same colored nacre. The ligament of this species is yellowish-brown, rather short and slender. Among some twenty specimens now before me, I find very little variation; not nearly so much as is usual in this genus; and it is altogether a remarkably neat, pretty species. ANODON SUBANGULATA, Anthony.—t. 18, f. 1. Description—Shell broadly elliptical, very inequilateral, rounded befcre and biangular behind; substance of the shell rather thick; epidermis greenish-yellow, the green predomti- nating on the posterior half of the shell; beaks slightly promi- OF CONCHOLOGY. 159 nent, undulate and rugose at tip; anterior cicatrices distinct and well impressed ; posterior cicatrices indistinct and con- fluent; marks of growth widely separate and very distinct, about three on each valve; nacre bluish-white and iridescent, Habitat.—Michigan. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Hugh Cuming, London. Mus. Comp. Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Cabinet of George W. Tryon, Jr. Observations.—A. fine, large species, and more robust than is usual in this genus. May be compared with Anovdon plana, Lea, but is less inflated and of lghter color. It is also decidedly biangulated, which cannot be said of A. plana, and it is also more depressed than Mr. Jea’s species. May, per- haps, better be compared with Anod. Danielsii, Lea, but seems to be larger, less inflated, and lighter colored, as well as more robust. ANODON IMBRICATA, Anthony.—t. 14, f. 1. Description.—Shell elliptical, somewhat inflated, inequilate- ral; substance of the shell rather thin; epidermis brownish- olive, darker on the posterior slope; beaks elevated, recurved, wrinkled; marks of growth crowded, darker in color than the general hue; ligament short, thin, brown; nacre silvery white and iridescent. Habitat—Camp Lake, Michigan. My Cabinet. Cabinet of H. Cuming, London. Mus. Comp. Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Observations—This species need not be confounded with any other; its graceful form and peculiarly rough, imbricated surface will readily determine it. The marks of growth are decidedly elevated, and are particularly close to each other near the basal edge. The roughness caused by these closely- set, projecting, concentric lines, will at once show the propriety of.the specific name. The beaks are beautifully recurved, showing a long, narrow lunule. ANODON OPALINA, Anthony.—t. 14, fi 2. Description.—Shell smooth, inflated, elliptical, inequilateral, rather thin; epidermis yellowish, with rather distant marks of growth, about three on each valve; beaks prominent, with beautiful, fine undulations at tip; ligament long, slender, brownish yellow; anterior slope rounded, posterior slope sub- truncate and biangular, with one or two impressed lines near the ligament; nacre silvery white and iridescent. 160 AMERICAN JOURNAL Dimensions.—Diameter 14 inch; length 8 inches; breadth 1 inches. Habitat—Shears Lake, Michigan. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Hugh Cuming, London. Mus. Comp. Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Cabinet of George W. Tryon, Jr. Observations—Its fine, translucent, yellow epidermis, to- gether with its inflated form, will readily determine this spe- cies. It is extremely delicate in texture for so large a shell, and one evidently adult. Only three or four specimens have come under notice, but they all have the peculiar characters, and it is manifestly not the young of any other species. Anod. pallida, nob., herein described, is, perhaps, equally delicate; but the yellow color of that species is relieved by the green tinge near its base, and it is much more depressed. Other species may resemble this in some of its characters, but it seems to be pecular in its soft, creamy white, diaphanous epidermis, and delicately rounded outline. ANODON FLAVA, Anthony.—t. 14, fi 3. Description —Shell, smooth, thin, elliptical, very inequilate- ral; epidermis light brownish-yellow, very obscurely rayed; beaks slightly raised, and undulated at the tips; hinge-margin very straight ; ligament rather short and thin; marks of erowth distinct and distant, about three on each valve: anterior and posterior cicatrices scarcely perceptible; nacre silvery white and iridescent. Habitat— Michigan. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Hugh Cuming, London. Mus. Comp. Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Observations.— Distinguished by its fine, soft, yellowish color, which is very opaque, looking as if painted on the shell; surface very plainly and closely concentrically striate; resem- bles Anod. pallida, nob, in form, but is less slender, thicker, and has the marks of growth more crowded and darker co- lored, besides being a rougher and more ventricose species. ANODON sUB-INFLATA, Anthony.—t. 15, f. 1. Description.—Shell long-ovate, niuch inflated, somewhat gibbous, very inequilateral ; substance of the shell rather thick ; beaks prominent, und ulate at tip; epidermis olivaceous over the umbones and on the anterior portion of the shell, while its posterior end is darker, and even of a brownish tinge; marks of growth very distant and distinct, about three on each valve; dorsal line very straight; nacre silvery white and iridescent. OF CONCHOLOGY. 161 Dimensions —Diameter 1} inches; length 88 inches; breadth = inches 8 . Habitat—Michigan. My Cabinet. Mus. Comp. Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Cabinet of George W. Tryon, Jr. Observations—Resembles Anod. Dariensis, Lea, in form, but is rather larger in proportion to its width, lighter in color, and the lines of growth are more distant and more distinct, while the whole epidermal surface is less uniform in color. The marks of growth are unusually distant, dark in color, rather broad, and seldom more than two on each valve, even of a large specimen. The posterior end is only slightly angulated, the angle nearest the ligament being the most distinct, and the surface there is usually lighter in color than on the umbones or the anterior part of the shell. Altogether, it is a graceful and beautiful species. ANODON PAPYRACEA, Anthony.—t. 15, f. 2. Description—Shell smooth, elliptical, inequilateral, very thin; epidermis brownish-olive, with obscure, dark rays; beaks prominent, recurved, minutely rugose at tip; rounded before and angular behind; marks of growth very distant, and not very prominent; anterior and posterior cicatrices both confluent; nacre dirty yellow under the beaks, but this color does not extend beyond the middle of the valve, the lower portion being of a dull bluish-white color. Habitat. ? My Cabinet. Cabinet of Hugh Cuming, London. Maus. Comp. Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Observations—This is not a very showy species, but, never’ theless, rather an interesting one. Its dull, dark olive color and short, quadrate form may be sufficient to distinguish it from its congeners. In its general form, it approaches a Bra- zilian species, Anod. obtusa, Spix, but is thinner, more trun- cate, and less inflated. Old specimens are rather coarsely striate, and much darker incolor. The species is always very thin, and uniformly so, being never thickened anteriorly, as most Ano- dons are. The beaks of this species are unusually prominent and recurved, with a very decided lunule. 162 AMERICAN JOURNAL ANODON PALLIDA, Anthony.—t. 15, f. 8. Description —Shell smooth, elliptical, thin, rounded before, biangular behind, and very inequilateral; epidermis pale yel- low, with faint and fine green rays over the whole disc, which, being more numerous and crowded on the posterior part of the shell, gives it a decided green tinge near its lower mar- gin; substance of the shell exceedingly thin, and very trans- parent; beaks slightly prominent, finely and closely undu- late at the tips, having about ten waved wrinkles on the first growth; ligament rather short, pale in color, and very slender; posterior and anterior cicatrices very slightly impressed, be- ing scarcely visible; nacre silvery white and very iridescent. Dimensions—Diameter § inch; length 3 inches; breadth 14 inches. Habitat.—Michigan. My Cabinet.. Cabinet of Hugh Cuming, London. Cabinet of Mus. Comp. Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Cabinet of George W. Tryon, Jr. Observations.—Cannot well be compared with any known species. Its pale, delicate coloring and beautifully undulated beaks will serve to identify the species; and its well defined and very distant lines of growth are also unusual in this genus. Rarely do we find more than two on each valve, and being quite dark, they contrast finely with the general color of the shell. In the regularity and beauty of the undulations on its beak, I have seen no species comparable with it, ex- cept, perhaps, Anod. opalina, herein described, and that species resembles this, also, in general tone of coloring, but is shorter, more inflated, and has not any of the green tinge so charac- teristic of Anodon pallida. ANODON mIcANS, Anthony.t. 16, f. 1. Description —Shell smooth, elliptical, and very inequilateral ; substance of the shell thin; epidermis brownish-olive, wrink- led or striate; beaks flattened, not prominent, and with apparently few, if any undulations at tip; shell not much inflated, rounded before and more depressed, and broadly, but not very distinctly biangular behind; anterior cicatrices distinct and well impressed; posterior cicatrices confluent; nacre of a brownish golden color over the whole interior, and very iridescent. Dimensions.—Diameter 1 inch; length 2% inches; breadth = inch. Habitat.—Texas. My Cabinet. OF CONCHOLOGY. 163 Observations.—Cannot well be compared with any of our species. Its exterior cannot be called attractive; its rich, golden-brown interior is its chief characteristic. Resembles Anod. leprosa, Villa, of Kurope, in form, but is never so roughly decorticate, is a little more inflated, and the nacre of our species is incomparably richer and more brilliant. The posterior slope has two obscurely raised angles of a wavy character, and also marked by a dark-brown line on the summit of each. Its crowded marks of growth are distin- guished by similarly colored lines, which are, however, narrower. ANODON GLANDULOSA, Anthony.t. 16, f. 3. Description—Shell elliptical, inequilateral, thin; epidermis yellowish-olive, with faint green rays over the whole disk; more numerous, and crowded on the posterior slope, which is consequently decidedly green; beaks but slightly raised, rugose at tip; marks of growth free, distant, and well defined; ligament long, thin, brown; nacre silvery white, and remarkably iridescent. Habitat.—Michigan. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Hugh Cuming, London. Mus. Comp. Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Cabinet of George W. Tryon, Jr. Observations.—This species may at once be recognized by its peculiar form,—like an elongated gland. When young it is beautifully and broadly rayed on the posterior half of the shell, whilst the anterior portion is so finely and delicately rayed, that it presents hardly more than an uniformly ereenish- yellow surface. Resembles in some degree Anodon imbecillis, Say, but is less inflated, less uniformly green, and the color is never so intense as in that species. The beaks of Anodon glandulosa are ele- vated and wrinkled, while those of Anodon imbecillis are flat and smooth. The marks of growth in this species are very conspicuous, and, with the broad green rays, give the shell a remarkably pleasing look. The posterior end is somewhat bi- angular, with a third raised line nearer the ligament, indicated by a darker color. ANODON IRISANS, Anthony.—t. 16, f. 2. Description—Shell smooth, elliptical, rounded before, and obscurely angulated behind; valves very thin and semi- transparent; epidermis olivaceous, with capillary green rays from the beaks to the basal margin, intersected by. very conspicuous darker lines of growth, about seven or eight of 164 AMERICAN JOURNAL these lines of growth being on each valve; posterior slope long, subangulated, somewhat excavated, and distinctly rayed; beaks rather prominent, with a few rugose undulations at the tips; ligament rather long, slender, pale brown in color; posterior and anterior cicatrices confluent and lightly impressed ; nacre silvery white, and delicately iridescent. Dimensions.—Diameter 1 inch; length 8 inches; breadth 13 inch. Habitat— Michigan, in Bostwick’s Lake. My Cabinet. Cabinet of Hugh Cuming, London. Mus. Comp. Zoology, Cambridge, Mass. Cabinet of George W. Tryon, Jr. Observations—A decidedly beautiful species of this inte- resting genus: in form not unlike Anod. pallida, nob., but more ventricose, more solid, darker in color, and the marks of growth are closer and more decided, being quite prominent in old specimens, rendering the shell rough. Like Anod. pallida, it has the green color predominant at the base of the obtuse carina on its posterior end, and two rather marked, broad brown lines between that and the ligament. The nacre is very silvery and somewhat peculiar, in having numerous fine papille-like pin points scattered over it, which, however, may be only local peculiarity. Altogether, it is one of our most beautiful Anodons. OF CONCHOLOGY. 165 CATALOGUE OF THE SPECIES OF PHYSA, IN- HABITING THE UNITED STATES.* BY GEORGE W. TRYON, JR. * 1. PHysA AMPULLACEA, Gould. ved bullata, Gould.—Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., v., p. 128. rots Conchologica, p. 215. 1862. Habitat.—Oregon (Gld.) 2. Pu. Lorpt, Baird. Ph. Lordi, Baird.—Proceedings Zoological Soc., London Part 1.; p. 68:° 1863. Habitat—Lake Osoyoos, Brit. Columbia, (Baird,) Washing- ton Territory, (Coll. Tryon.) 3. PH. SAyI, Tappan. Ph. Sayi, Tappan.—Amer. Jour. of Sci., 1st ser., vol. 35, p. 269.4. 3, £355 /1838) Kirtland, Report on Zoology of Ohio, p. 174. 1838. Ph. ancillaria, Bay, (Part.) Haldeman.—Monog. Limniades No. 6, p. 27, £9. 1848. Habitat.—Lake Bega Ohio, (Tappan.) 4, PH. PLICATA, De Kay. Ph. plicata, De Kay.—Report on Mollusca of New York, p. 78, t. 5, £. 85. 1848. Habitat.—New York, (De Kay.) 5. PH. pRoPINqUA, Tryon, MS.* Habitat—Jordan Creek, 8. W. Idaho, (Coll. Tryon.) 6. Po. WARRENIANA, Lea. Ph. Warreniana, Lea.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 115. 1864. Habitat—Loup Fork of Platte River, Milwaukee, Wis., Grand Rapids, Mich., (Lea.) 7. PH. Trask, Lea. Ph. Traskit, Lea.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, p.115. 1864. Habitat—Rio Los Angelos, California, (Lea.) * Several species herein quoted as MS. are described for a future No. of this Journal, and will be published with lithographic figures. 166 AMERICAN JOURNAL 8. PH. Hauer, Lea. Ph. Halei, Lea—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, p. 114. 1864. Habitat— Alexandria, La., (Lea,) San Felippe Springs, (Coll. Tryon.) 9. Po. GABBII, Tryon. Ph. Gabbii, Tryon.—Proe. ee Nat. Sci.,.p. 149, to, 5 14. 1863. Contrib. to Conchology, vol. iil. 1865. Habitat—Mountain Lake, San Francisco, and Santa Anna River, Los Angelos Co., Cal., (Tryon.) 10. PH. vinosa, Gould. Ph. vinosa, Gould.—Proce. Bost. Soe. Nat. Hist., vol. i, p. 263. 1847. Lake Superior, p. 244, t. 7, £10, 11. 1850. Otia Conchologia. 1862. Habitat—Lake Superior, (Gould.) 11. PH. rraciuis, Mighels. Ph. fragilis, Mighels.—Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. i, p. 49. 1841. Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. iv., p. 44, t. 4, f. 12. 1842. Shells of Maine. 1843. Haldeman, Monog. of Limniades, No. 6, p. 31, t. 8, fi 11—138. 1848. Morse, Pulmonifera of Maine. Habitat.—Maine, (Mighels.) 12. sPH:; LATA, Tryon, MS: Habitat.— Juniata River, Hollidaysburg, Penna., (Tryon.) 13. PH. HUMEROSA, Gould. Ph. humerosa, Gould. — Appendix to Blake’s Geological Report, p. 28. 1855. Explorations and Surveys, vol. v., p. 331, t. 11. £1—4, 1857. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. v., p. 128. 1858. Habitat—Colorado Desert, Pecos River, (Gould.) OF CONCHOLOGY. 167 14. PH. ANCILLARIA, Say. Ph. ancillaria, Say.—Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. vol. v., 1st series, p. 124. 1825. Gould, Invert. Mass., p. 213, f. 142. 1841. Adams, Shells of Vermont, p.4. 1842. DeKay, Moll. New York, p. 78, t. 5, f. 90. 1848. Haldeman, Monog. of Limniades, No. 6, p. 27, t. 3, f. 1—10. 1848. Binney, Works of Say, p. 114. 1858. Ph. obesa, DeKay.—Mollusca of New York, p. 78, t. 5, f. 86. 1848. Habitat.—Kastern and Middle States. 15. PH. HETEROSTROPHA, Say. * Physa heterostropha, Say.—Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci, vol. ii, p: 172:> 1821. Binney’s Hdit.,p. 46, t. 69, f. 6. 1858. Appendix to Narrative of Long’s Expedition, vol. ii, p. 264. 1824. Gould, Invert. Mass., p. 211, f. 141. 1841. Adams, Shells of Vermont, p.4. 1842. Haldeman, Monog. of Limniades, No. 6, p. 23, t. 1. 1843. DeKay, Moll. of New York, p. 76, t. 5, f. 82. 1848. Limnexa heterostropha, Say.—Nicholson’s Encycloped., t. 1, tO: ae USEC: Ph. fontana, HWald.—Cover of No. 2, Monog. of Limniades. 1841. Ph. osculans, (Part.) Hald. Ph, striata, Menke.—Synopsis, Meth. Molluse., p. 182. 1830. Ph, subarata, Menke.—Synopsis, Meth. Mollusce., p.182. 1830. Hahitat.—United States. 16. PH. INFLATA, Lea. Ph. inflata, Lea—Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol., i, p. 32. 1841. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. ix. p. 7. 1844. Habitat.—V irginia, (Lea.) 17. PH. PRIMEANA, Tryon, MS. Habitat.—Long Island, (Coll. Tryon.) * Bulla crassula, Dillwyn, B. fontinalis, Chemn., Cochlea neritoides, Lister, &c., are quoted by Haldeman and others for this species. I have carefully examined the figures and studied the descriptions of these authors, and cannot identify them. 168 AMERICAN JOURNAL 18. PH. BREVISPIRA, Lea. Ph. brevispira, Lea.—Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 116. 1864. Habitat—Ottawa River, Canada West, (Lea.) 19. Pu. NIAGARENSIS, Lea. Ph. Niagarensis, Lea.— Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 114. 1864. + Habitat.—Niagara River, New York, (Lea.) 20. PH. DISTINGUENDA, Tryon, MS. Habitat—Marysville and Stockton, California, (Tryon.) 21. PH. occIDENTALIS, Tryon, MS. Habitat—San Francisco, Centreville, Fort Tejon, Clear Lake, San Geronimo Creek, Dry Creek, California; Umpqua River, Warner’s Valley, Oregon, (Tryon.) 22. PH. PoLITISsIMA, Tryon, MS. Habitat—Sacramento, California, (Tryon.) 23. PH. BLANDII, Lea. Ph. Blandii, Taea.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 116. 1864. Habitat.— California, (Lea,) Marysville, California, (Coll. Tryon.) 24, PH. MALLEATA, Tryon, MS. Habitat Hellgate River and Goose Lake Valley, Oregon. (Tryon.) 95. Pu. NUTTALL, Lea. Ph. Nuttallii, Lea.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 116. 1864. Habitat—Lewis’ River, Oregon, (Lea.) 26. Pu. DIAPHANA, Tryon, MS. Habitat.—Oakland, California, (Tryon.) 27. Pu. WHITEI, Lea. Ph. Wihitei, Lea—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 114. 1864. Habitat.— Lafayette, Georgia; Verdigris River, Kansas, (Lea ;) Cooper River, South Carolina, (Coll. Tryon.) 28. PH. POMILIA, Conrad. Physa pomilia, Conrad._-Amer. Jour. Sci., 1st series, vol. xxy., p. 848. 1838. Miller, Synopsis Test. Viv., p. 85. 1836. DeKay, Mollusca of New York, p. 81. 1848. Habitat,—Claiborne, Alabama, (Conrad.) OF CONCHOLOGY. 169 29. Po. SHOWALTERII, Lea. Ph. Showalterii, Lea—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 115. 1864. Habitat—Uniontown, Alabama, (Lea.) 30. Pu. ForRsHEYI, Lea. Ph. Forsheyt, ea—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 114. 1864. Habitat—Rutersville, Texas, (Lea,) Indianola, Texas, (Coll. Tryon.) 31. Pu. Cooperu, Tryon, MS. Habitat.—Crane Lake Valley, N. E. California. (Tryon.) 32: PH. GROSVENORII, Lea. Ph. Grosvenorvi, Lea.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 114. 1864. Habitat—Santa Rita Valley, Kansas? (Lea.) 33. PH. PARVA, Lea. Ph. parva, Lea.—Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci, p. 115. 1864. Habitat.—Verdigris River and Rock Creek, Kansas, (Lea.) Probably young shell of Ph. Grosvenorit.—(G. W. T. Jr.) o4. PH. AUREA, Lea. Ph. aurea, Lea.—Trans. Amer. Philos. Soe., vol. vi. p. 18, ti Aoi LOO.’ 1839) DeKay, Mollusca of New York, p. 80, t. 5, £. 89. 1848, Ph. heterostropha, Say, (part.) Haldeman.—Monog. of Lim- niades, No. 6, p. 23. 1848. Habitat—W arm Springs, Virginia, (Lea.) 35. PH. coNCcOLOR, Hald. Ph. concolor, Haldeman.—Monog. of Limniades, No. 6, p. 30, t.2,f.10. 1843. DeKay, Moll., New York, p. 81. 1848. (Too young to identify satisfactorily.) Habitat Oregon, (Hald.) 36. PH. TRITICEA, Lea. Ph. triticea, Lea—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, viii, p. 80. 1856. Habitat—Shasta County, Cal. (Lea;) W. side of Stein’s Mountain, and H. side of Warner’s Mountain, Oregon, (Coll. Tryon.) . XX 37. PH. VIRGATA, Gould. Ph. virgata, Gould.—Proce. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. v., pe LISS sLSOo. Otia Conchologica. 1862. 170 AMERICAN JOURNAL Ph. striata, Lea—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, p. 115. 1864. Habitat—Gila River and San Diego, (Gould,) Santa Ana River, Los Angelos County, Cal., Mohave River, (Coll. Tryon.) 38. PH. SPARSESTRIATA, T'ryon, MS. Habitat—San Joaquin Valley, California, (Tryon.) 89. Pu. costata, Newcomb. Ph. costata, Newcomb.—Proe. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. Hatbitat—California, (Newc.) 40. PH. VIRGINEA, Gould. Physa virginea, Gould.—Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., i, p. 215. 1847. Mollusca, U.S. Exploring Exped. p. 220, f. 188. 1852. Habitat—Sacramento River, (Gould,) Puget’s Sound, Ore- gon, (Coll. Tryon.) 41, Pu. vENusTA, Lea. Ph. venusta, Lea.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences. p. 116. 1864. Habitat.—Near Fort Vancouver, Oregon, (Lea.) Very closely allied to, if it does not = Virginea. 42, PH. TENUISSIMA, Lea. Ph. tenuissima, Lea.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences, p. 114. 1864. Habitat— Alexandria, La., (Lea.) 43. PH. SMITHSONIANA, Lea. Ph. Smithsoniana, Lea—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, p. 115. 1864. Habitat.—Loup Fork, of Platte River, (Lea.) 44, Pu. Troostiana, Lea. Ph. Troostensis, Lea.—Proe. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 2, p. 82. 1841. Ph. Troostiana, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soce., vol. ix., p. 7. 1844. Habitat Tennessee. 45. PH. GYRINA, Say. Ph. gyrina, Say.—Jour. of Acad. Nat. Sci. lst series, vol. 2,0. 141. VAI. Adams, Shells of Vermont, p.4. 1842. Haldeman, Monog. of Limniades, No. 6, p. 82, t. 3, fi 1—6. 1848. DeKay, Mollusca of New York, p. 79, t. 5, f. 87. 1848. Ph. elliptica, Lea—Amer. Philos. Trans. vol. v. p. 115, hae bo wh of nd he oat bs OF CONCHOLOGY. 171 Ph. Hildrethiana, Lea.— Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. i, p. 82. 1841. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. ix., p. 7. 1844. Ph. cylindrica, Newcomb.—DeKay, Moll., N. York, p. 77, t. 5, f. 84. 1848. Habitat—United States. 46. PH. GLABRA, DeKay. Ph. glabra, DeKay.—Mollusea of New York, p. 80, t. 5, f. 88. 1848. Lewis, Proce. Bost., Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. v., p. 298. 1856. Physa elongatina, Lewis.—Proc. Bost.Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. v., p. 122. 1855. Proc. Nat. Sci., Hist., vol: v., p. 298. 1856. Habitat—New York, (DeKay.) 47. PH. cRocATA, Lea. Ph. crocata, Lea.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, p. 114. 1864. Habitat—Lafayette, Georgia, (Lea.) 48. Pu. Hawnti, Lea. Ph, Hawnii, Lea—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 115. 1864. Ph. Saffordii, Lea.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. p. 115. 1864. Habitat.—Lebanon and Nashville, Tennessee; Verdigris River, Kansas, (Lea.) (Ph. Saffordit, Lea, appears to me to be the young of Hawnii. 49. Pu. FEBIGERII, Lea. Ph. Febigerii, Lea.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., p. 114. 1864. Habitat—Logan County, Ohio, (Lea.) 50. Pu. Nicku1ntl, Lea. Ph. Nicklinii, Lea—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, p.114. 1864. Habitut— Allegheny County, Ohio, (Lea.) 51. Po. ALTONENSIs, Lea. Ph, Altonensis, Lea.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, p. 114. 1864. Habitat.— Alton, Hlinois, (Lea.) 52. PH. ANATINA, Lea. Ph. anatina, Lea.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, p. 115. 1864. Habitat—Northern Tributary of Arkansas River, Kansas, (Lea.) 172 AMERICAN JOURNAL KHKEX 53. PHYSELLA GLOBOSA, Hald. Physa globosa, Haldeman.—Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., vol. i., p. 78. 1841. Cover of No. 4, Monog. of Limniades. 1842. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1st series, vol. viii, p. 200. 1842. No. 6, Monog. of Limniades, p. 38, t. 5, £.10-12. 1848. DeKay, Moll, New York, p. 81. 1848. Hatbitat—Nolachucky River, (Hald.) KXKKEE 54. PHYSODON MiIcRostoma, Hald. Ph. microstoma, Haldeman.—Monog. of Limniades, Sup- plement to Part I. 1840. No. 6, Monog. of Limniades, p. 39,t. 4, £. 12-14. 1848. Habitat—Kentucky, Ohio, (Hald.) KKEKKEK 55. BuULINUsS HYPNoRUM, Linn, (sp.) Bulla hypnorum, Linn.—Syst. Nat., Edit. 12, p. 1182. Physa elongata, Say.— Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1st series, voli pe ATL. L620: Gould, Invert., Mass., p. 214, f. 148. 1841. Adams, Shells of Vermont, p. 4. 1842. Haldeman, Monog. Limniades, No. 6, p. 36, t. 5, f. 4-9. 1843. DeKay, Mollusca of New York, p. 81, t. 36, f. 346. 1848. Lewis, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. v., p. 298. 1856. Habitat. United States. 56. But. BERLANDIERIANUS, W. G. Binney. Bul. Berlandierianus, W.G. B.——Amer. Jour. Conch., No. Deb tt. ty. Bt 7. 18Gb: Habitat.Texas, (Binney.) 57. Bub. HORDACEUS, Lea. Ph. hordacea, Lea—Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci., p.116. 1864. Habita:— Vancouver Island, Oregon, (Lea.) KRXKEKEKK 58. IstporA DisTorTA, Hald. Ph, distorta, Haldeman.—Supplement to No. 1, Monog. of Limniades. 1840. No. 6, Monog. of Limniades. p. 35, t. 0, f. 1--8. 1848. Habitat—Mo., Ohio, Kentucky, (Hald.) 59. I. InvEGRA, Hald. Ph. integra, Haldeman.— Cover of No. 3, Monog. of Limniades. 1841. No. 6, Monog. of Limniades, p. 38, t. 4, f. 7, 8. 1848. DeKay, Moll., New York, p. 81. 1848. Habitat.——Indiana, (Hald.) OF cCONCHOLOGY. n7i3 EXKKKKREE 60. 1? SCALARIS, Jay. Physa scalaris, Jay.—Catalogue of Shells, 8d Edit., p. 112, t.1, f. 8—9. 1839. Haldeman, Monog. of Limniades, No. 6, p. 84, t. 4, f. 9. 1848. Annals of N. Y. Lyceum of Nat. Hist., vol. iv., p. 170. 1846. (= Young of a large species of Planorbis?) Habitat—F lorida, (Jay.) Spurious Species. Ph. planorbula, DeKay.— Moll. New York, p. 76, t. 5, f£. 83. 1848. = Planorbis bicarinatus, Say. (Young.) Bulla fluviatilis, Say—Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. it, p. 178. 1821. = Planorbis lbicarinatus, Say. (Young.) 174 AMERICAN JOURNAL Gditors Gable. REVIEWS. —— (4 ——. I. AMERICAN. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel- phia. No. 5.—November and December, 1864.* Description of six new species of Western Asiatic Uniont- dz: BY ISAAC LEA, Unio Homsensis. Unio Mardinensis. “ Kullethensis. “ — Emesaensis. “ Orphaensis. Monocondylea Mardinensis. These species are all from the rivers Tigris and Orontes, in Syria and Assyria. It certainly reflects great credit on American naturalists, that they are enabled, under great disadvantages, to anticipate their Huropean brethren so fre- quently in the discovery of new forms of animal life in the interior of Asia and Africa. Mr. Lea has been very success- ful in this respect, and often, as in the present instance, has described very interesting new shells from localities fre- quented by Huropean scientific men, who do not appear to have noticed them, or who confounded them with previously described species. Proceedings of the California Academy of Natural Sciences, San Francisco, January, 1865. Description of new species of Land Shells: BY W. NEW- COMB, M.D. Helix Blakeana, Japan. Succinea Japonica, Japan. “ declivis, Helix Hillebrandi, Newe. (Re-. “ — Cronkhitei, Oregon. marks on.) “ Rowelli, Arizona. Achatinella Alewandri, Maui. * We cannot too strongly condemn the practice of antedating their Pro- ceedings, which the Academy have for some time indulged in. The present No. was issued, as nearly as we can tell, February 14th, 1865, and ought to bear that date. OF CONCHOLOGY. WG, Dr. Newcomb, who has assumed the task of identifying the terrestrial Mollusca collected by the Geological Survey of California, has, within the last few years, described a number of new species of Helix inhabiting that State and Oregon. Many of these are very beautiful species, of different type and more brilliant color than those of the Atlantic and Middle States. The number of species of Californian Helices is al- ready quite large. Description of new species of Marine Shells from the Coast of California: BY WM. M. GABB. Muricidea Barbarensis. Ptychostylis, n. g., (Trochide.) Surcula perversa. oy caffea. ¢ Carpenteriana. Eimarginula bella. Clathurella constricta. Gadima (s.g. Rowellia, Cooper.) if erystallina. (#.) radiata, Cooper. Daphnella clathrata. Tylodina fungina. Mangelia hexzagona. Circe (Lyoconcha) Newcombiana. Lurbonilla gracillima. Yoldia Cooperii. Cancellaria (Narona) Cooperii. Calliostoma tricolor. Il. FOREIGN. British. Conchologica Iconica: BY LOVELL REEVE. Parts 238, 239, Marginella, Siguretus, Unio. Parts 240, 241, ditto. Parts 242, 248, Ancillaria, Unio. Marginella (Aug., 1864,) is still incomplete; thirteen plates have, so far, appeared, illustrating fifty-seven species, of which the following are new :— M. vitrea. M. quadrilineata. Sigaretus (July——Sept., 1864,) is completed, with twenty- seven species, illustrated by five plates. The new ones are:—— S. incisus, Malacca. S. pellucidus, Malacea. “ coarctatus, Singapore. “ pictus, Adelaide, S. Australia. “ tumescens. ‘“ argenteus, Australia. “ oblonqus. fibula. “ eximius, Malacca. Aneillaria (Nov., 1864.) This monograph comprises fifty- one species, being seven more than were monographed by Sowerby in 1859, in his Thesaurus Conchyliorum. The new species are :—— 176 AMERICAN JOURNAL A. pyramidalis, New Zealand. A. monilifera, Swan River. “ eontusa. “ bulloides. “ marmorata. “ oryZd. “ sarda. “ fusciata. Unio (Aug.—Nov., 1864,) comprises, as far as published, over eighty species, most of which are American. The figures are not executed with that fidelity which usually distinguishes the pencil of Mr. Sowerby. The wrong valve is selected for figuring, and the shells, consequently, appear badly on the plates. No attention has been paid to delineating the undula- tions of the beaks, (actually the most constant of specific cha- racters,) a feature which seems to be generally overlooked by European naturalists; nor is a fair idea of the convexity of the valves conveyed by these drawings. In species like mul- tiplicatus, the tuberculated surface is made by far too promi- nent, and the tubercles themselves are too large. The color- ing is a perfect success. We regard it as a great misfortune that Mr. Reeve has seen fit to adopt the very uncertain names of Rafinesque for many of the species. As the completion of the monograph will still require a considerable time, we hope he will ignore these names for the future. Unio celatus (pl. 2,) is figured from a poor specimen of the species. The same may be said of U. trapezoides, (pl. 5.) U. apiculatus (pl. 8, fig. 11) is not covered by a series of vaulted scales, as depicted in the figure. We do not recognize U. Phillipsii, Conrad, in the figure, (pl. 4, fig. 15,) given for that species. U. Eilliottii (pl. 5, fig. 20) is figured from a miserable speci- men, and is not at all characteristic. U. quadratus, Raf., (pl. 6, fig. 24,) is certainly not U. asper- rimus, Lea, but U. lachrymosus, Lea. What U. quadratus really is we. cannot tell. The “hump” on UW. dromas (pl. 8, fig. 29) is not depicted, and U. cicatricosus (same pl., fig. 31,) is from a very poor specimen. U. nodulosus (pl. 9, fig. 32) is not Mya nodulosa, Wood, which is a Prisodon,* but more like to, if it does not = U. Leaz, Gray. U. graniferus (pl. 9, fig. 84) is from a poor, half-grown spe- cimen. U. lachrymosus (pl. 9, fig. 83) is U. asperrimus. U. Perlensis (pl. 11, fig. 42,) Con—We spell it Pearlensis. * Vide Isaac Lea in Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci., Philadelphia, Vol. 6, 1853, p. 368. OF CONCHOLOGY. 177 U. bullatus, (pl. 12, fig. 43.\—A very poor specimen of this beautiful species has been figured. U. pernodosus (pl. 12, fig. 46) does not inhabit “North Caro- lina,” that we are aware of. Why has Mr. Reeve so hurried his descriptions as to forget, in most cases, to assign better lo- cealities than “ North America” as the habitat? The localities were easily obtainable from the works he quotes as authorities, and he seems, by the omission, to be ignorant of the fact that there are distinct geographical groups of species of Unio in the United States. U. Rangianus (pl. 14, fig. 54) we consider a pretty good U. sulcatus. U. interruptus, (brevidens, Lea,) Arceformis, and Sowerbyanus, all figured on this plate, are remarkably poor. U. deviatus (pl. 15, fig. 61) and U. sacculus (pl. 15, fig. 67) are the same as those herein described. Mr. Reeve’s descrip- tions are from specimens in Cuming’s collection, sent by Mr. Anthony, with MS. name attached. U. perdix, Con., (pl. 18, fig. 82.)—The figure would never be taken for that species. We trust that future numbers of Mr. Reeve’s beautiful work will exhibit some improvement upon the ones now be- fore us. The descriptions are not very good, but would answer with good figures; but the latter, so far as published, have an unreal look, are stiff, exaggerated in detail, and very unsatis- factory. We consider this work, by no means, equal to the other Huropean monographs of Unio. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, No. 83. Nov., 1864. Remarks on Stilifer, a genus of quasiparasitic Mollusks, with particulars of the Huropean species S. Turtoni: BY J. GWYN JEFFREYS. Much information is given concerning the animal of this curious little shell, including details of habits, &c., and a full conchological history. T'wenty-four species of Stclifer are enumerated. No. 84, December, 1864, Diagnoses of new forms of Mollusca from the Vancouver District: BY P. P. CARPENTER. Mera salmonea. Gibbula lacunata. Angulus variegatus. fo punteulata. Miodon, (n. g.) THipponyx cranioides. M. prolongatus. Bivonia compacta. Adula stylina. Lacuna porrecta. Axinxa subohsoleta. at compacta. Siphonaria Thersites. varregata. 178 Mopatia Swannii. Margarita Cidaris, A. Ad. Gibbula parcipicta. “ _ succincia, AMERICAN JOURNAL Isapis fenestrata. Alvania reticulata. “ filosa, Remarks on Dentalium pretiosum, Nuttall: BY W. BAIRD, M.D. With Notes on their Use by the Natives of Van- couver’s Island and British Columbia: BY J. K. LORD. No. 85. January, 1865. New Land-Shells from Travancore, Western and Northern India: BY W. H. BENSON. Helix Basilessa. ch Manga: Travancoria. pedina. chloroplax. “é “é “cc Achatina leptospira. ie Fairbankt. id Vadalica. Bulimus Smithet. Diagnoses of new forms of Mollusca from the Vancouver District: BY P. P. CARPENTER. (Continued.) ? Assiminea subrotundata. Odostomia avellana. ? Paludinella castanea. es tenuisculpta. Mangelia crebricostata. Scalaria Indianorum. . inter fossa. % tincta. Ae tabulata. Opalia borealis, Gould. ? Daphnella effusa. Cerithiopsis munita. Odostomia satura. 7 columna. Gouldii. r muciformis. Cancellaria modesta. Velutina prolongata. No. 87, March, 1865. Description of Helix odontophora, a new species of the the Corilla type, from Upper Ouvah, in Ceylon: BY W. H. BENSON. Description of a new genus of Land Shells from the Island of Labuan, Borneo: BY HENRY ADAMS. Plectostoma De Crespignit, H. Adams. “Tt appears to have affinities with the genus Boysia, Pf, and Hypselostoma, Bens., from which, however, it differs in having the last whorl constricted at its separation from the others, and in the extraordinary prolongation backwards of the free portion. From Boysta it also differs in being more heliciform, and in having the umbilicus open; and from Hypselostoma in the aperture being edentulate.” OF CONCHOLOGY. 179 Diagnoses of new forms of Mollusca from the West Coast of North America, first collected by Col. E. Jewett: BY P. P. CARPENTER. Nolen rosaceus. Amuantis (s. g. of Callista.) Lazaria subquadrata. Modiola fornicata. Pecten equisulcatus. < paucieostatus. squUarrosus. Volvula cylindrica. Phasianella punctulata. oh pullordes. 73 Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society. Noy. 1, 1864, and Vol. 21, No. 81, Feb. 1, 1865. Phasianella elatior. Trochiscus convexus. Hipponyx tumens. Bittium esuriens. fastigiatum. Amphithalamus (n. ¢. Rissoid.) A. inclusus. Drillia mesta. Mitromorpha filosa. Vol. 20, No.*80, Two excellent numbers, filled with interesting and valuable papers. French. Mollusques Noveaux, Litigieux ou peu Connus: By J. R. BOUR- GUIGNAT. F. Savy, 24 Rue Hautefeuille, Paris. 1st Fasiculus, 22 pp. 8vo., 4 lithographic plates. March, 1863, contains :— Descriptions of several new /elices of the same type as H. tigriana, Gervais, Algeria. Also:— and, like that shell, inhabiting HT, Aucapitainiana, Algiers, a near relative of H. pygmca of Hurope. Hf. Nilotica, the Egyptian representative of Ef, pomatia. H. Genezarethana, Mousson, from Syria. Clausilia cedretorum and C. Raymondi, Bourg., both from Syria. The latter species is already represented in several American collections. 2d Fasciculus, 28 pp., 3 pl., April, 1868, contains:— Description of a new Limax from the Pyrennees. Observations on Helix pygmea, and descriptions of new species belonging to the same group. Mr. Bourguignat gives the following table:— 1. Shell smooth, or nearly so, H. Debeauxiana, Bourg., Al- giers. “¢ pygmea, Drap., France. “ Aucapitainiana, Bourg., Al- giers. “ Massott, Bourg., Perpignan. 2. Shell always lamellated. H. micropleuros, Paget, France. “ elachia, Bourg., France. “ Poupillieri, Bourg., Algiers. 180 AMERICAN JOURNAL On Helix Berytensis, Fer—Separating as new species the following, which have hitherto been confounded with it: H. Rachiodia, Bourg. (H. granulata, Roth, pre-occupied.) H. Fourousi, Bourg. Descriptions of H. Colliniana, from the mountains of Sweden, resembling H. strigella; H. Arrouai, Syria; and of a beautiful spinous ribbed Pupa from Spain,—P. Raymondi. 3d Fasciculus, 30 pp., 4 pl., December, 1868, contains: Helix Lawleyanus, Bourg., Florence. .A minute species. H. lavendulz, France. Somewhat like H. Telonensis, Mittre. H. Mogadorensis, Mogadore. H. tuberculosa, Con., Syria. (The type of Mr. Conrad’s spe- cies is in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.) H. philammia, Bourg.; ptychodia, Bourg.; Ledereri, Pf.; Daviaiana, Bourg. All of the same type as tuberculosa, and inhabiting Syria. Pupa endolicha, Pyrennees. Ampullaria Raymondi, Egypt, with synonymy, descriptions and figures of the other species of Hgyptian Ampullarie. Ath Fasciculus, 45 pp., 8 pl. March, 1864. This number contains principally Syrian Helices. H. Ehrenbergi, var. chilembia, H. Kurdistana, Parr., (new,) H. guttata, Oliv., and H. Michoniana, Bourg., separated from it. . Several varieties of H. Cesarea and H. spiriplana are de- scribed. M. Bourguignat remarks, that these descriptions indicate a special group of Asiatic Helices, closely related to certain Grecian species, such as Codringtoni, eucincta, eupecilia, eu- chromia and Parnassia. The species of this group are, for the most part, excessively rare and little known. Two or three have been described and figured, but they have nearly always been confounded one with another. In order to end this confusion, he describes the new species, and to show their re- ciprocal affinities and differences, gives plates of all the spe- cies, eight in number. He forms two groups as follows :— 1. Species of which the superior 2. Species with the superior whorls are convex, and not whorls strongly cari- carinated. nated. HA. Kurdistana. HH. Cesareana. “ Dschulfensis. “ spiriplana. “ Michoniana. “ guttata. “ Hscheriana. ~ n~ Bellardit. OF CCNCHOLOGY. 181 Then follows a detailed description of the specific differ- ences. Descriptions of new species of Ferussacia. Witha full syno- nymy and synopsis of the genus, now numbering 51 species. Malacologie de l’Algerie, ou Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Mollusques terrestres et fiuviatiles, recueillis jusqu’a ce Jour dans nos Possessions du Nord de lAfrique. J. R. BOURGUIGNAT. This magnificent work is published in quarto, to be com pleted in Six Parts, of which four are before us. The litho graphic plates are exceedingly well done, the paper and print- ing excellent. Published by Challamel ainé, Paris. Price 20 frances each Part, or 120 francs for the entire work. i Part 1st, May, 1863, 80 pp., 8 pl., contains a very extended bibliography, followed by descriptions of the species of Arion 1, Limax 8, of which 1 is new; Arinickillus 1, with a synonymy of all the species; Jflax 3, with a synonymy; Parmacella 1, with anatomical descrip- tion; Tvstacella 5, Succinea 4, Zonites 10, of which 4 are new. Part 2d, June, 1865, pp. 112 and pl. 9—18, contains Zonites 5 species, Helix 56, of which 14 are new. Part 3d, Nov., 1863, pl. 19—82, contains 56 Helices, of which 13 are new, and a full index, completing the Ist volume. Part 4th, Jan., 1864, pp. 144, pl. 7, contains Bulimus 9 spe- cies, of which 8 are new, Azeca 1, Ferussacia 24, of which 7 are new,* with a full synonymy of the genus, (also published in “ Mollusques Noveaux, Litigieux ou peu Connus,”) Clausilia 3, 1 of them new, Pupa 12, of which 5 are new, Vertigo 8, of which 2 are new, Cexcilia- nella 4, Glandina 2, Carychium 2, Alexia 4, of which 1 is new. Full synonymies of the species of the last two genera are given. Bourguignat. Malacologie d’Aix-les-Bains. 1 vol., 8vo., 114 species, 3 plates. 1864. 10 francs. Bourguignat, Malacologie de la Grande Chartreuse. §8vo., 1864., with a number of plates. This prolific author announces the following forthcoming publications : * We do not remember ever before to have seen an author name a species after himself, as Mr. Bourguignat has done in Ferussucia Bourguig- natiana, 182 AMERICAN JOURNAL 1. Etudes Anatomo-physiologiques sur les Mollusques. 4to., in fasciculi, containing 4 colored plates. Each six francs. Two parts are in press. 2. Histoire Malacologique des Pyrennees. $vo., in fasciculi, with plates, at 5 francs each. The first two Parts are in press, and contain :— 1. Malacological History of the Caverns of Bedeillac- Studies of Melia lactea, and particularly of the Z. lactea of Perpignan. The true Pupa Pyrenaica and Clausiliotdes. 2. Complete Catalogue of the terrestrial and fluviatile Mollusks of the Oriental Pyrennees, preceded by a Critical Review of the works published on the Mala- cology of this Department. 3. Histoire Malacologique de la Syrie et de la Mesopotamie. To be published in 2 yols., 4 to., with 60 pl., at 120 francs. Conchology of the Island of Bourbon: By M. @. P. DESHAYES. 8yo., 144 pp., 14 col. pl. Paris. 1863. 560 species are enumerated, of which 129 are new. There are also 2 new genera described : Prasina.—A curious new bivalve. Scalenostoma.—A new shell, somewhat like a Pyramidella, or very like our Gon. Conr adi, figured in our first No. The new species, which are all figured, are of Amphidesma, Anisodonia, Arca, Bulla, Conus, Cypricardia, Hrycina, Lucina, Modiola, Nassa, Ostrea, Plicatula, Purpura, Rissoina, Sipho- naria, Trochus, Cryptobia, each 2. Broderipia, Cardita, Cardium, Columbella, Cyclostoma, Cy- prea, Dolabrifera, Dosinia, Galeomma, Gastrochena, Haliotis, Janthina, Lima, Marsenia, Morrisia, Mytilus, Ovula, Pecten, Pedicularia, Pedipes, Perna, Phasianella, Pileopsis, Prasina, Psammobia, Rissoa, Saxicava, Scalaria, Scalenostoma, Scintilla, Solarium, Spondylus, Siylifer, Umbrella, oe ee each 1. Cerithium, Teredo,* each 5 Patella, Turbo, each 4, Chiton, Leptoconchus, Pupa, each 5. Hmarginula, Helix, each 6 Pleurotoma, 7 Triphoris, 10. = Mr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys writes to me, that two of these are synonyms of species enaanee by ne in Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1260. TT. affinis, Desh., is a synonym of T. ereavata, Lukis, and 7, brevis, Desh., is a synonym of 7. cuculluta, Norman. OF CONCHOLOGY. 183 Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles. No. 81. Geneva, Sept. 20, 1864. On the succession of Gasteropodous Mollusca during the Cre- taceous Period, in the Region of the Swiss Alps and of Jura: BY F, J. PICTET. Revue et Magazin de Aoologie: Par Guerin Meneville. Monthly. 20 francs perannum. Paris, Rue des Beaux-Arts 4. 1864. No. 3. ; Mollusques Noveaux: BY AL. BONNET. With 2 col- ored plates. Helix Brotii, Borneo. Bulimus amenus, Peru. Eo ysinistra, a& Pupa varius, Tasmania. vitrea, South America. Fissurella Tasmaniensis. Bulimus pictus, Peru. No. 5. Persistance of Life in some Terrestrial Shells when exposed. to marine waters. BY H. AUCAPITAINE. be The author selected one hundred specimens, of which twenty} seven survived several days’ immersion. Cyclostoma elegans, on account of its operculum, seemed to be most tenacious of life, as eleven out of twelve individuals survived. This experiment presents a good reason for the occurrence of the same species in countries or islands sepa- rated by salt water. Nos. 6, 7, 8, 10, 11. Mollusques litigieux ou peu connus. By BOURGUIGNAT. Already noticed by us as a separate work. No. 9. Coquilles Nouvelles. At. BONNET. Achatina Lorioli, Brazil. Bul. Wairgecrensis. Planorbis sinuosus,* New Mexico. Littorina aurea. is Trochus mille-lineatus, Torres Straits. Conus rubescens, Isle of Anam.t Journal de Conchyliologie: By nu. crossE. 25 Rue Tronchet, Paris, 3d series, iv. No. 1, January, 1864, 88 pp., and 5 pl., of which four are colored. Note on the rapidity of growth of Mytilus. BY P. FISCHER. Additions to the Catalogue of Marine Shells of the Coast of Algiers. BY H.C. WEINKAUFF. * This appears to us to = Pl. glabratus, Say. + The editor mentions, in a note, that this appears, on examining the collection of M. Deshayes, to be a var. of C0. canonicus. 184 AMERICAN JOURNAL Observations on certain species of the Mediterranean. BY H. C. WEINKAUFF. Notes on the Psammobie of Algiers, with a description of @ mew species. BY H. CROSSE. Description of three new species. By DR. Brov. Melania plumbea, New Guinea. Hemisinus Wesseli, Brazil? Helix Humberti, Ceylon. (Of the group of erronea, Alb.) Catalogue of the species of Pomatias, and description of a mew one. BY H. CROSSE. P. Hidalgo, Spain. Pomat septemspiralis, Razoumowski.—Hist. Nat., 1789. i, p. 278 is used instead of maculatum, Drap, 1805. Description of five new species of Conus, BY A. BOIVIN. Description of new species of the Caledonian Archipelago. BY M. SOUVERBIE and R. P. MONTROUZIER. Columbella regulus, Souv. Pedipes Forestiert, Mcn. Diagnoses of new species. BY H. CROSSE. Cyclophorus Debeauxi, Singapore. Emarginula Thomasi, Red Sea. Description of new species of several genera of Nudibranchiate Mollusks, from the vicinity of Port Le Seo BY GEO. FRENCH ANGAS. sp. Doris, 1 Actinodoris, 1 Angasiella, (with descrip- tion of the genus, by Crosse.) 8 (oniodoris, 1 Polycera, 1 Plocamophorus, 1 Triopa, 1 Bornella, 1 ‘Me- libeea, 1 Janus, 2 Avolis, 5 "Flabellina,* 1 Hlysia. Diagnosis of a new species of Odostomia. BY P. FISCHER, Odos. Moulinsiana, France. Description of the genus Pernostrea. BY MUNIER CHALMAS. Six fossil species from the superior part of the Great Oolite. Five of these species are new, from France, and one from England, described originally “by Lycett as Ostrea Wiltonensis, var. monstrosa. Diagnoses of two new species of Belemnites, BY P. MAYER Bibliography. * Necrology. Moquin-Tandon. Bernardi. * We notice one species is named Flabellina Newcombi, after our friend Dr. Wesley Newcomb. OF CONCHOLOGY. 185 Journal de Conchyliologie. No. 2, April 1st, 1864. Note on a Monstrosity of the Animal of Patella vulgata. BY P. FISCHER. Monography of the genera Stylifer and Entoconcha. BY P. FISCHER. One species of the former new. Critical Study of the Auriculaform Bulimi of new Cale- donia. BY H. CROSSE. Twenty-three species are enumerated and described with full synonymy. Description of a new species of Corbicula. BY T. PRIME. O. Angasi, Australia. Description of new species. BY H. CROSSE. Emarginula Thomasi, Red Sea. Planorbis Schrammi, Island of Guadeloupe. Descriptions of new Shells. BY ARTHUR MORELET. Helix Cottyi, Algiers. Melanopsis Tingitana, Algiers. Anodonta Tunizana. Helix Paivana, Gomerensis quadricincta, Canaries. H, inermis, Bul. Aithiops, obsoletus, electrinus, Ampul. palustris, —Africa. Unio megapterus, U. Mandarinus, Cochin China. Journal] de Conchyliogie. No. 3, July, 1864. Monographie du genre [Rissella. BY A. CROSSE. Since the publication in the ‘“Conchylien Cabinet,” twelve years ago, of a Monograph by Dr. Philippi, of this small genus of trochiform shells, peculiar to the Australian seas, but little has been done to extend our knowledge of them. The present paper reviews their synonymy and gives very full specific descriptions. M. Crosse has added a new species, R Bruni. Procédé pour la préparation des Limaciens : BY E. DUBRUEIL. Addition a la note sur Vorigine de Vv Ambre gris: BY PROF. J. BIANCONI. Observations sur le genre Fossar. (Fossarus): BY M. ©. RECLUZ. Note sur le genre Fossarus, suivie du catalogue des espéces : BY P. FISCHER. Mr. Arthur Adams in 1853 proposed to form a family (Fossaride) for the reception of the genera Mossarus of Philippi, Isapis, H. & A. Adams, and several new genera, which he 186 AMERICAN JOURNAL characterized under the names of Conradia, Couthouyia, Cithna, Gottoina. ‘To these, M. Fischer proposes to add Ariadna, the type of which is 7richotropis borealis. We are indebted to Mr. Arthur Adams for a very large in- crease in the number of described species of Fossarus. His monograph of the genus, published in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 18538, contained nine species, five of which were then first described. In 1863 he added about twenty additional species from the seas of China and Japan. Messrs. C. B. Adams and P. P. Carpenter have described most of the American species. The list, as now given by M. Fischer, embraces forty-four recent and four fossil species, with their synonymy and geo- graphical distribution. Of the living forms, more than half belong to the Japanese fauna, five to the Mediterranean and west coast of Africa, two to the West Indies, and nine to Ma- zatlan and Panama. Descriptions d’especes nouvelles de ?Archipel Calédonien: BY M. SOUVERBIE and R. P. MONTROUZIER. Marinula Forestieri, Montr. Columbella sublevis, Montr. Turbo naninus, Souv. “ articulata, Souy. Pleurotomu apiculata, Montr. Nassa tringa, Souv. Pisania Billeheusti, Petit. ‘¢ acuticosta, Montr. var. P. Artensis. Fusus Desmoulinsi, Montr. Description despéces nouvelles de l Australie méridionale : BY H. CROSSE. Buccinum Angasi. Buccinum Adelaidense. Trophon Paive. Description @une espéce nouvelle: BY H. CAILLET. Columbella Saint Pairiana. Marie Galante, Antilles. Diagnoses de Mollusques terrestres noveaux: BY. UW. CROSSE. Helix Lienardiana, Salomon’s Isle. ‘© Hidalgoiana, Oceanica. Helix Mabillei, Oceanica. “ — Primeana, China. “ Bocageana, China. Cailleti, Oceanica. Description de Coquilles inédites: BY A. MORELET. Bulimus ingenuus, Isle Mayotte. s spinula, Gaboon Niver. Melania psorica, Madagascar. - soriculata, Grand Bassam. Neritina cristata, Gaboon River. Paludomus cyanostomus, Siam. Unio Massini, Cochin China. OF CONCHOLOGY. 187 Helix seminigra, Australia. Pupina Coxi, Melampus tetricus. Journal de Conchyliologie, No 4. Oct., 1864. Note sur la présence du genre Dreissena dans les eaux de la Loire: BY P. FISCHER. Note sur le developpement des Mollusques dans le port de Toulon: BY H. AUCAPITAINE. Description Wespéces nouvelles de Shanghai et du nord de la Chine: BY H. CROSSE and 0. DEBEAUX. Helix Arcasiana. Helix Tchefouensis. “ Yantaiensis. “ frilleyt. Description dune espece nouvelle: BY H. CROSSE, Cyclophorus Debeauai, Isle of Singapore. Faune Malacologique de Cochin chine. Premier Supplé- ment: BY H. CROSSE and P. FISCHER. The new species are:— Donax Saigonensis. Helix Billeheusti. Diagnose dune nouvelle espéce de Volute de Australie: BY G. B. SOWERBY. Voluta Ellioti. Description @espéeces nouvelles provenant de V Australie mé- ridionale: BY H. CROSSE. Trochus Blandianus. Liotia Angasi. + abnormis. Phasianella Angast. “ Rambure. Nassa Munieriana. Diagnoses Molluscorum Australie méridionalis: BY H. CROSSE and P. FISCHER. Buccinum filiceum, Fissurella concatenata. Scalaria delicatula. Patella calamus. of consors. Mactra amygdala. Cerithium monachus. iy (Mulinia) pinguis. Turritella spina. Periploma Angast. Fissurelia omicron. Mesodesma obtusa. Description de Coquilles fossiles des terrains tertiaires su- péerieurs: BY C. MAYER. (Continued.) Corbula Tournoueri. Dentalium Burdigalinum. Mactra Burdigalensis. ss Lamarcki. Syndosmya Rolande. e parvum. Tellina aquitanica. Scalaria Billaudelt. Cardium Palasanum. Sigaretus suturalis. a fraternum. Fascioloria Jouanneti. Note sur genre Pernostrea: BY P, FISCHER. 188 AMERICAN JOURNAL Description de Coquilles fossiles des terrains jurassiques : BY 0. MAYER. Belemnites peregrinus. Ammonites Lang, oi Semanni. is precursor. ‘ dispar. Ry opalinoides. Ammonites Dyonysii, Meseh. a Rauracus. ib Eischeri. fe Remeri. Lussian. Bulletin de ?Academie, Imp. des Sciences de St. Petersbourg. v., No. 7 Vorliufige Diagnosen einiger neuer Gastropoden-Arten aus dem Nord Japanischen Meere: BY DR. L. V. SCHRENCK. Chiton Albrechtit. Trochus globularis. Lindholmit. Natica bicincta. £6 Nordmannit Tritonium Jessoense. ‘¢ subrufescens. % pericochlion. Trochus Jessoensis. Voluta pusilla. a tridescens. SCIENTIFIC INTELLIGENCE. As Helix Binneyana, a name given by Mr. E. 8S. Morse (Cat. Terrest. Pulmonifera of Maine, 1863,) to a new species described by him, is preoccupied by Dr. Pfeiffer, (Zeit. fir Mal., 1847,) we propose that Mr. Morse’s species be designated hereafter as Helia Morsev. Our readers will be interested to learn that Mr. John G. Anthony has departed with Prof. Agassiz and other na- turalists, for Brazil. The party are under the direction of Prof. A., and their object is, the collection of specimens of natural science for the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- bridge. Mass. Mr. Anthony is well known as a veteran col- lector of shells, and will, doubtless, bring home with him very large collections. The interior of Brazil has really been very imperfectly explored for shells, and we may reasonably expect that many species, unknown to science, will reward the patience and skill which Mr. A. knows so well how to employ in his favorite pursuit. We notice that Mr. Jelski, of the University of Kieff, is about to depart for Cayenne, intending to explore the zoology, and particularly the conchology, of that part of South America; and another gentleman, M. Bocourt, of Paris, is attached as zoologist to the Scientific Commission which the French Government is about to send to Mexico. OF CONCHOLOGY. 189 CoRRECTION OF DATE oF PuBLICATION.—When the first sheet of No. 1 of this Journal was printed, the date Feb. 15th was affixed to the title, but various causes delayed the final publication until Feb. 25th. As exactitude in such mat- ters is of the greatest importance in determining questions of priority, we suggest that subscribers alter the date on the title of No. 1 with ink, in order to avoid possible future trouble. ee We feel, that to those who have worked long in science or literature, and who, therefore, can appreciate the difficulties with authors, compositors and proof-readers surrounding the the hurried preparation of a new periodical, an apology is scarcely necessary for the very numerous short-comings of our first number. We hope and believe that the present one at least exhibits ¢mprovement. We do not give an original portrait in this number of our Journal, because the large excess of colored plates, beyond the promises made in our Prospectus, makes an aggregate cost far exceeding any hope of immediate remuneration. We are ex- ceedingly obliged to our friend, Mr. T..A. Conrad, for very kindly drawing and presenting us with the first six plates of this number. - We may as well say here, that, if properly supported by our subscription list, it is our intention ¢o ¢llustrate every species published in this Journal. Our old correspondent, Dr. G. von dem Busch, of Bremen, Germany, writes to us, that he would be very glad to have live specimens of American Helices, for the purpose of making some investigations and comparisons of their lingual dentition, and for other anatomical researches. Conchologists, who will take the trouble to send, packed in moist moss, the species of their neighborhood, directed as above, per Bremen steamer from New York, will greatly oblige a gentleman, who can give them a rich exchange for their trouble, and at the same time will aid in the important work for which these specimens are required. . We have received a note from Isaac Lea, Esq., calling at- tention to the fact, that Mr. Conrad, in his ‘Synopsis of Hocene Mollusca,” has given the wrong date of 1834 to “Lea’s 190 AMERICAN JOURNAL Contributions to Geology.” Mr. Lea proves to us, that his work was read before the Academy of Natural Sciences, August 27th, 1833, and was printed and distributed in the latter part of November, or beginning of December, 1883— the exact date cannot be ascertained. Mr. Conrad was in Alabama at the time that this work, as well as his own “ Fossil Shells of the Tertiary Formation,” was published, and desires us to correct the unintentional error he has made regarding the date of publication of Mr. Lea’s book. We offer the following dates, copied from the Minute Book of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: Aug. 27th, 1833, Mr. Lea read his paper on “ Tertiary Forma- tion of Alabama” before the Academy of Natural Sciences, describing 202 species. Sept. 8d, 1833, Mr. Conrad’s work, “ Fossil Shells of the Ter- tiary Formation,” presented to the Library. (Presumed to be to No. 8, inclusive. Nov. 26th, 1833, Dr. Morton presented to the Library the 4th No. of Mr. Conrad’s “Tertiary Fossils.” Dee. 10th, 1833, Lea’s “ Contributions to Geology,” (including his paper on Tertiary Fossils of Alabama,) presented by the author. Mr. Conrad probably has priority in printed publication. But Mr. Lea claims priority upon the “reading” of his paper to the Academy of Natural Sciences, Aug. 27th, 1833. While we, in common with most conchologists, recognize in the date of publication of printed paper the only correct rule for de- termining questions of priority, yet it is still, we believe, an unsettled point, whether this comparatively recent rule ought to be extended back in its apphecation to a time when all the principal publishing Societies united in determining priority by date of reading. It is a question, how much the interests of science are benefited by innovation in such cases. We do not know that any authoritative decision has been made on a like question since the general adoption of the Rules of the British Association, and are not prepared to give our own opinion at present. We, therefore, merely state the facts as above, and leave our readers to form their own con- clusions. Mr. Conrad, we should add, repudiates, and always has done so, the reading of papers, as establishing priority; while Mr. Lea has always adhered to the date of reading, which is in accordance with the rules of the French Academy, tHe Royal Society of London, the American Philosophical So- ciety, &c. CorrREcTIONS AND ADDITIONS TO Mr Conrab’s CATALOGUE OF Eocene Mouiusca, PuBLIsHED IN 1st NUMBER OF THIS JOURNAL. Circumstances having prevented me from seeing a revise of the Hocene Catalogue of Shells, published in the first number of this Journal, typographical and more important errors have occurred which demand an early correction. Pholadomya.—t\t was intended to refer this genus to Anati- nidee, instead of Corbulide. For Pholdomya read Pholadomya, Deo; . For Anatide read Anatinide, p. 3. Dione Astartiforme read Astartiformis, p. 6. Cardiide should be over Cardium, p. 7. Venericardia, p. 7, should be under Family Astartide. ~ A. parva read A. parvus, p. 10, fourth line from top. For Stalagmum read Stalagmium, p. 10. Arcine read Arcide, p. 11. Axinea stamina read A. staminea, p. 12. For Trigonocelic read Trigonocelia, p. 12. Grypheostrea read Grypheostrea. The species subeversa is probably identical with ( strea eversa, Deshayes. Ostrea should be under Ostreide, and Anomiide with Anomia, jugosa and Ruffini transferred to p. 15, over Anomia. For Bolton read Bolten, on p. 16, line sixth from the bottom. Neptunea lintea, p. 17, is Strepsidura lintea. Fusus deculsstus read F. decussatus, p, 17. Buccitriton altus