323 33 L3L U.C BERKELEY UBRARY UC-NRLF B ^ bT7 ^Hh WBun soioofi fiZMun Cambridge Stationers Printers, Bookbinders BY THE Rev. H. p. STOKES LL.D., LiTT.D., F.S.A. HON. FELLOW OF CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE CAMBRIDGE BOWES & BOWES 1919 Price 1/6 net [See page xg Cambridge Stationers Printers, Bookbinders BY THE Rev. H. P, STOKES LL.D., LiTT.D., F.S.A. HON. FELLOW OF CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE CAMBRIDGE BOWES & BOWES 1919 7'' The following Lecture was delivered by the Rev. Dr Stokes (then Chairman of the Free Library Committee) on 26 April 1 917, on the occasion of the gift by Mr Robert Bowes of many volumes of Printed Books connected with the Town and the University of Cambridge. Mr Mayor (Lt-Col. B. W. Beales) presided. The Lecturer desires to thank Mr T. Musgrave Francis, : Mr J.B. Peace (the University Printer), Mr R. Bowes, Dr Palmer, Mr G. J. Gray, and others, for kind help. jy Cambridge : Printed af the University Press Cambridge Stationers, Printers, Bookbinders, €fc. ;ext to the Teachers and Scholars and to the Bedells, no persons are more characteristic of a University town than the Sta- , tioners and such like. Under the words "such like" may be in- cluded Booksellers and Book- binders, Copiers of Manuscripts and Illuminators, Makers and Sellers of Parchment in former days and of Paper in later times. In Cambridge, for instance, in the year 1258 there was living in St Michael's parish a William Pergamentarius, who evidently was connected with the parchment trade. At about the same date a John Scriptor witnessed and doubtless wrote a document referring to some property outside the Trumpington Gate. A Radegund deed, written in 1275 and preserved in the archives of Jesus College, mentions householders, in the parish of St Mary next the Market, bearing the names of William le Lorimor (the Illuminator) and Henry Percamen- b iJ %J ^ 4 . CAMBRIDGE STATIONERS tarius, another parchment dealer. Similarly, in the Subsidy Roll of 13 14-5, we find Walter le Parche- myner and John Illuminator. A well-known citizen, living in a stone-house in the parish of the Holy Sepulchre at the end of the 13th century, was John Porthors, who perhaps was a producer or seller of portiforia or breviaries. And many other names might be quoted which proclaim that their bearers were stationers, or scriveners, or limners, or parch- ment-dealers, or booksellers, or "boke-bynders." Thomas Fuller, in his quaint way, alludes to the officers of the University, whom he calls *'the hands and feet thereof," and of whom he mentions **(i) Bedells. ... (2) Scriptores, writers, well known to all. (3) Illuminators, such as gave light and lustre to manuscripts (whence our English to limn) by colouring and gilding the initial and capital letters therein, essential ornaments in that age, men being more pleased with babies in books than children are. (4) Stationarii, publicly avouching the sale of staple-books in standing shops (whence they have their names) as opposite to such circumforanean pedlers (ancestors to our modern Mercuries and hawkers) which secretly vend prohibited pam- phlets." It will be noticed that Fuller here derives the name Stationers from their "standing shops" or stalls. Various references may be made to such stalls in former times. For instance Mr W. Carew Hazlitt, in his elaborate edition of Thomas War- ton's History of English Poetry (iv. 109), alludes to "a very curious MS. at Oxford, which shows that PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c. 5 in 1520 the ballad, the Not-browne Mayde, was on sale at the sister University in the form of a broad- side, price one penny." As a matter of fact, a refer- ence to the original will shew that the stall in ques- tion was at Oxford, and not at Cambridge ; but the quotation illustrates our point. The following ex- tract from Mere's Diary recording "Queen Mary's Visitation," however, of course deals with our University: **xvi Decemb. [1556]. It. a cytacyon set upp on a borde at S. Marye's churche doore, and Watson's stall under the Vic. scale agaynst the visitacion." The diarist notes that that "Wendsday" was "fayre and colde froste"; but it is presumed that the stall belonging to Simon Watson, the Stationer, was in the open air. The portable stall, carried by John Nicholson ("Maps") in later days, is a subsidiary example; while the "standing shop," which Mr David still holds on the Market Hill, illustrates the old custom. To return to the early Stationers, the names already given are perhaps conjectural; but the following extracts speak for themselves; at an early date in the Ely Obedientiary Rolls we read: "Roberto Pachymynor de Cantebr. pro percameno predictis pellibus faciendo. . .xxi'"; and at a later date 1469-70, we find in the Mundum Books of King's College: "Custus ecclesie. Item sol' Thome Bokebyndre pro reparacione cujusdem Antipho- narii malefact' in Capella Sancti Johannis Bap- tiste" (i.e., the (2nd) Church of St John Zachary, which was destroyed when Henry VI founded King's College). 6 CAMBRIDGE STATIONERS We are yet more definite when we find the ofiicial title used thus : in the Otringham Book we have mention, under date 1349, of Walter de Bury, Stationer, as living in what is now called Trinity Street, a door or two from the celebrated corner shop now occupied by Mr Bowes; in the Corpus Gild Books and elsewhere there are frequent refer- ences, at about the same date, to John Hardy the Stationer; while a little later we often meet with a well-known Bedell, John de Wesenham, who is officially styled '*Stationarius Universitatis." Such names are, of course, gathered from various deeds and documents preserved in College ar- chives ; it is not till we reach the University Grace Books that we find official and consecutive refer- ences to the appointed Stationers. Grace Book A contains the Proctors' accounts and other records of the University of Cambridge for the years 1454 to 1488 ; and in this volume, which has been edited by Mr Stanley Leathes, there are given the names of the following official Stationers: Gerard Wake, John Ward, Richard Fydyon (or Fitzjohn) and William Squire. References are made to the audit or compotus in connection with the Stationer ; to the gown which was provided for him ; to his custody and valuation of the cautions deposited by the students in the various University Chests, etc. Wake and Fitzjohn seem to have been in financial difficulties. And here it may be remarked, that in the Old Statute, no. 183, it is stated that "the chests founded by our ancestors were all suffering no small damage and ruin, owing to the indolence PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, ^c. 7 of our superiors, the negligence of the keepers, and the knavery, craftiness, fraudulency, and unfaith- fulness of the stationers. In the year of our Lord 1489, the 2nd of June, Mistress Elizabeth Clere, amongst the manifold works of her charity, by divine interposition, as is believed, wisely and fortunately observing before all others, this damage and ruin, gave in her liberality 200 marks for the restoration of the chests {ad cistarum reparatio- nem)." The Statute goes on to make new rules about the care of the chests, ordering among other regulations: ''item quod custodes cistarum sint stationarii" ; but it should be added that an import- ant copy of the statutes inserts the word "non" in this regulation. Perhaps a few words ought to be added with reference to the Chests, and to the cautions just mentioned. Certain pious benefactors had endowed Chests with sums of money, which were lent out to needy members of the University, on pledge. These pledges were valued by the Stationers ; and so were the cautions, which were deposited by students, as guarantees that they would perform certain scho- lastic acts or proceed to their degrees in due course. Such cautions sometimes consisted of plate or articles of dress; but more frequently books were offered as security. There may still be seen the re- cords of such cautions in certain old volumes ; for instance, in the Library of Gonville and Caius College is a copy of the Polychronicon Radulphi Higdeni, with the following notes: 8 CAMBRIDGE STATIONERS "Cautio magri. hosbern. expos, ciste de Derlynton in vigilia nativitatis beate Marie an? Domini mcccc." "Cautio Henrici Osborne expos, ciste Lyng in festa sci.. benedicti; et erit poUicronica pro xxv'js. viijd. habet supple- mentum juris civ. volumina an° Domini mcccc. octavo." We notice that Henry Osborn, M.A., had pledged the book in the years 1400 and 1408 in the Darhngton and Lyng Chests respectively. As very disparaging remarks have been quoted above as to certain Stationers in the 15th century, it is fair to state that these delinquencies were pro- bably exceptional, and that the University officials with whom we are dealing were generally men whose characters corresponded with their respon- sible posts. John Hardy and John de Wesenham, mentioned above, both held other offices of some importance, and were men of substance and trust. Indeed (as Mr Stanley Leathes remarks) **the Stationaries occupied an anomalous position. They were not students, nor were they exactly servants or tradesmen." They were of course included amongst those whom the University styled "Privi- leged Persons." Still they were often called "Scholars' Servants," and indeed there were from a very early date disputes between the University and the town as to their position. There are other facts that might be recorded of the 13th, 14th and 15th century Stationers, Lim- ners, Scriveners, Parchment-makers and Book- binders; but we may pass on to the i6th century. Printing had been invented, the New Learning was PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c. 9 spreading and the dawn of the Reformation was breaking. There was, therefore, a multipHcation of books and pubHcations, and an increase in the work of the Stationers and their fellows ; while it may be added there was a watchfulness on the part of the ecclesiastical authorities then in power, lest hereti- cal and doubtful volumes should be issued from the press. "Lutherism having got a head in Cambridge, that University" (we read in Wood-Gutch, 11. 50) " put up a petition to Cardinal Wolsey in the year 1529, the effect of which was, that for the suppress- ing the said errours of Luther and others, there should be three Booksellers allowed in Cambridge by the King (Henry VIII), and they to be sworn not to bring in or sell any book not first approved by the Censors of books there: which Booksellers, although strangers (for so it should be best for the prizing of books), may have the privilege to buy books of foreign merchants, as in the Universities beyond the seas." Accordingly a few years later, on 20 July 1534, the King by letters patent gave licence to the Chan- cellor, masters and scholars to elect from time to time three Stationers and Printers, or Sellers of books, residing within the University. Shortly after this grant, Nicholas Speryng, Garrett Godfrey and Segar Nicholson were ap- pointed Stationers of the University. Before we deal with these three officials, it should be stated that some years previously, in 1 52 1-2, there was an active Printer in Cambridge 10 CAMBRIDGE STATIONERS named John Siberch (or John Lair of Sieburg), who occupied a house between the Gate of Hu- mility and the Gate of Virtue, in what is now Caius College. Although this printer does not seem to have held any official position in connection with the University, yet the reference to a debt — re- peated more than once in Grace Book B (1538- 1540) — perhaps implies some academical contract. During the two years of his activity, Siberch pro- duced at least eight volumes ; but no production of his press is known after the year 1522. In the Grace Book entry he is called "Dominus Johannes Lair, presbiterus alienigena." Like Siberch, the three appointed Stationers were foreigners, "Duchemen"; but they all iden- tified themselves with the town of their adoption ; Spering and Godfrey both had served as Church- wardens at Great St Mary's, the parish in which they lived ; while Segar Nicholson had entered at Gonville and Caius. Being accused of favouring Lutheran opinions, the last-named had been im- prisoned in Cambridge and in London, where he was cruelly treated by Sir Thomas More ; neverthe- less he maintained his views, for a generation later he befriended Thomas Mountain and he alleviated the sufferings of John Hullier, of King's College, when the latter was cruelly martyred on Jesus Green. Segar Nicholson, who lived in St Michael's parish on the east side of Trinity Street, subse- quently became a beer-brewer at Magdalene Bridge. Later still, in December 1564, he was ordained. From the Grace Books we learn the names of the PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c. ii successors of these Stationers. Nicholas Pilgrim (who also is styled alienigena) was appointed on i6 Oct. 1539; Richard Noke was admitted a few months later; while, to pass on, on 5 February 1546, there is an elaborate entry appointing Peter Sheres (also a foreigner). The technical title applied to all these officials was stationariiis \ but in the following appoint- ments— of John Kingston (8 February 1577), Thomas Thomas (3 May 1583) and John Legate (2 Nov. 1588) — the term employed is librorum im- pressor. And this new designation implies the revival of University printing. Since the two active years (1521-2) when John Siberch issued his printed volumes, there had been no printing in Cambridge. But when Thomas Thomas was appointed in 1583, he at once began to print, his first venture being a book by William Whitaker, the Regius Professor of Divinity. The ecclesiastical suspicion of Arch- bishop Whitgift and of Bishop Aylmer (of London) was however excited, and the professional jealousy of the somewhat recently incorporated Stationers' Company was aroused. The agents of the last- named went so far as to seize the Cambridge press and the printed sheets. The University authorities appealed to Lord Burghley, who, fortified by the legal opinion of the Master of the Rolls (another Cambridge man), sanctioned the establishment of the press. Thomas Thomas, who was a fellow of King's, thereupon brought out a number of works, among others a Latin Dictionary compiled by him- 12 CAMBRIDGE STATIONERS self, which passed through several editions. The office of our Graduate-printer was situate in Regent Walk, which reached from opposite the west door of Great St Mary's to the University Buildings. Thomas's career was short, he died in August 1588, and was succeeded in the following Novem- ber by John Legate, who was a London trained printer and who married a daughter of Christopher Barker the royal printer, sometime Master of the Stationers' Company, a post to which Legate him- self succeeded soon after the accession of James I . Nevertheless there had been a continuation of the disputes between the Cambridge printers and the London Company. Legate was probably the first who used the University emblem Alma Mater Cantabrigia, with the motto Hinc lucem et pocula sacra. The writer has a copy of Perkins's Warning against Idolatrie with this legend, dated 1601. By this date Legate had probably left Cambridge for London, but he still styles himself "Printer to the University" ; andhestill issued editions of Thomas's Latin Dictionary ^ as after his death in 1620, did his son John Legate, jun., who was appointed one of the University Printers a generation later, in the year 1650. In an Appendix will be given a Chronological List of the Cambridge University Printers down to the present date, copied (by permission) from Mr Bowes 's excellent pamphlet on the subject, where may be found Biographical Notes on most (^f those officials. It is not possible here to go into detail as to this PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c. 13 long list of Cambridge printers ; but some remarks may be made upon the general policy of the Uni- versity authorities and the schemes adopted at various periods, upon the kind of men appointed, and upon incidents in the official careers or in the personal lives of these printers. For about two centuries the appointment of three Printers or Stationers was continued; but perhaps (as Mr Bowes suggests) *'the office was sometimes looked upon as a sinecure, and the appointment was made when a vacancy occurred in order to preserve the right of the University to appoint three printers. The printers of the latter class certainly held their office on a different foot- ing, as for instance, John Hayes was paying £100 a year to the University at the same time that Hugh Martin and Jonathan Pindar were receiving £5 a year from the University." It may be added that John Hayes was a London printer, who had been ruined by the Great Fire of 1666; that Mr Hugh Martin was a graduate of Pembroke College who for many years held the office of Esquire Bedell, while Jonathan Pindar was a subordinate official connected with the University Library. About the end of the 17th century, a beneficial renovation of the Printing Press took place at the instigation of Bentley, afterwards Master of Trinity, and many improvements were introduced. Syndics of the Press {Curatores Praeli vestri typo- gr aphid) were appointed by a Grace of 21 Jan, 1698; the keenness of the members was soon felt; though they were not all, nor always, equally 14 CAMBRIDGE STATIONERS efficient ; indeed it is alleged that some years later **a Syndic of the Press did not understand the dis- tinction between collating and collecting MSS." For more than two hundred years the management of the Press has been carried on by the Syndics, who have seized various opportunities of developing and extending the business ; witness, for example, the issue of splendid editions of the Holy Scriptures and of the Prayer Book, as well as the printing of beautiful copies of the classics; or the contracts with Baskerville and other outsiders, and the adoption of stereotypic printing, and so on. These efforts will be noticed as we deal with the individual printers ; to whom we now turn. The early official Stationers and Booksellers were mostly, it has been observed, Dutchmen; but, from Kingston's time onwards, the only foreigner whom we meet with was Cornelius Crownfield, who held office for more than forty years in the first half of the i8th century. The kind of men who were appointed, as we have seen, varied. A number of them have been graduates of the University — some of them merely as stop-gaps, others keenly interested or skilled in printing. Among the latter may be mentioned, beside Segar Nicholson and Thomas Thomas, Thomas Buck (who seems to have held office from 1625 till his death in 1670), and the last four dis- tinguished heads of the Pitt Press. Thomas Brooke, on the other hand, Matthew Whinn, John Buck, John Peck, Hugh Martin, and James Jack- son, M.D., were University men; several of whom PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c. 15 held other academic posts, such as the Esquire Bedellship or the Registraryship. The Pindars and H. Jenkes held minor official positions. Most of the other "University Printers" were technically skilled in the trade ; such as John Porter, Cantrell Legge, Leonard Greene, Roger Daniel and John Legate the younger. John Field, who was appointed in 1655, is remembered for the nume- rous editions of the Bible which he issued (some of them with many errata) and for the erection of a new Printing House in Silver Street, where now stands the Lodge of the Master of St Catharine's. We have already noted that John Hayes, who suc- ceeded in 1669, had been a well-known printer in London and had been ruined by the Great Fire. Cornelius Crownfield, whose foreign extraction has been mentioned above, was the first official ap- pointed by the Curators after the Bentley reforms. Joseph Bentham, a member of a well-known family, held office from 1740 to 1766, when he was succeeded by John Archdeacon ; who was fol- lowed by John Burges, 1793 to 1802, when John Deighton was University Printer for a few months. Richard Watts succeeded at the end of the year 1802; but resigned in 1809, as the Press did not prosper under his rule, although, when he left Cambridge, he did good work as a printer of Oriental volumes. In Andrew Wilson's time, the stereotype process was introduced; he was suc- ceeded by John Smith who held office for many years (1809-1836); during his time, the present building was erected as a memorial to William Pitt i6 CAMBRIDGE STATIONERS the statesman. The Hst is continued with the wellknown names of John WilHam Parker and Geo. Seeley. Mr Charles John Clay and his son Mr John Clay have already been mentioned ; now succeeded by Mr J. B. Peace, M.A. Besides these official heads, the Syndics of the Press have at various periods made special con- tracts with outside printers. In Crownfield's time, for instance, an agreement was made with John Owen, an Oxford Stationer, for the production of certain volumes; but financial difficulties inter- fered with his affairs. Again, under the same head, the University leased the right of printing Bibles and Prayer Books to the Jameses and the Fenners — who bargained with the Geds for the use of their stereotyping process. But the most notable contract was made with the celebrated Birmingham printer John Baskerville, who produced at Cambridge some of his remarkable volumes, including the folio Bible in 1763. William Bowyer, the well-known London printer, visited Cambridge in 1765 in the hope of undertaking work for the University, but the pro- ject fell through. It has always been an honourable tradition among the "outside" officials of the University — "privileged persons" they were called — ^that, being comparatively well-to-do, they have used their wealth for charitable purposes. This has been spe- cially pointed out in the case of the Esquire-Bedells ; and Thomas Buck, who held that office as well as the post of University Printer, was no exception to the rule. Among other stationers or booksellers or PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c. 17 bookbinders or printers, the following names are enrolled among the list of Cambridge benefactors to Town or University: Henry Wray, Edward Story, Brampton Lowry, Thomas Merrill, William Morden, William Nealand, William Williams, Joseph Merrill, John Bowtell and others. Some of these founded almshouses and other charities in the town, some gave endowments to the Hospital, some gave books to the Library, and so on. It has already been remarked that some of the University Printers held other posts and academi- cal appointments. It may be added that a large number of the Stationers and others were active in municipal and ecclesiastical matters; and that many of them held minor offices in University or parochial affairs; Walter Hatley, for instance, whose name occurs so often in Grace Book B in connection with repairs to books, etc. in the Library, was parish Clerk of Great St Mary's ; the Moodeys held various appointments; Troilus At- kinson was ''factotum" at Christ's College; the Gumbolds were connected with building and car- pentering; Bore was a subordinate official at King's ; the younger Bowtell was an assistant at the Library; while many of the Stationers acted as Appraisors and Valuers to the University and to local citizens. From the first, the Stationers and their confreres naturally had their shops and stalls and their resi- dences near the Schools and Lecture-rooms which grew up in the neighbourhood of what is now the University Library. The present Senate House 1—9 1 8 CAMBRIDGE STATIONERS Yard was formerly enclosed, with certain houses in the street and lanes which bounded it; south and west were passages called the Schools Lane, and on the east was Trumpington Street or High Street dividing it from the Church of St Mary-by-the- Market. Most of the area was owned by Corpus Christi College, which had a dependent Hostel called St Mary's Hostel on the site of the present Senate House. Archbishop Parker effected a great improvement, in the early years of Elizabeth's reign, by causing a street to be opened up through the area from opposite the west door of Great St Mary's Church to the principal entrance of the Library. In this academic thoroughfare — Univer- sity Street^ it was called, or Regent Walk — during the two centuries of its existence — for it was dis- mantled about the year 1767 — there were always houses owned by stationers, printers and book- binders. Here, as we have seen, Thomas Thomas and John Legate the elder had their printing- presses ; here a long succession of booksellers had their shops. This may be illustrated from a Bur- lesque Poem, entitled A Day in Vacation at College^ and published in the year 175 1 ; wherein a solitary student stranded in Cambridge, when all his com- panions had gone down, muses : Nor the shops Of Thurbourn, Merrill — or than those more sweet, That, where the beauteous wife's bright visage gives Beauty to Books and Lustre to the Backs, One acceptable greeting e'er afford ! He explains in a note that Mr Matthews the book- PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c. 19 seller had lately married in 175 1. He proceeds to describe a visit he paid to the premises of the publisher of his poem, "Mr Merrill — whose shop (he tells us) looks upon the Regent Walk" : Beside the Door-case leaning, I behold In fond Imagination's Eye, the Walk Hight Regent, by the babbling Sophists thronged, For stem dispute in mental armour clad ; etc. This was written in the middle of the i8th century and reminds us that most of the book- sellers had their shops in the parish of Great St Mary; but some of the trade lived farther from the University Schools. We saw for instance that John Siberch, our earliest printer, dwelt in the Caius Walk; and Segar Nicholson by St Michael's. Thomas Buck moved into a part of the old Augus- tinian Friary, in St Edward's parish; Brampton Lowry lived in St Sepulchre's; John Baskerville at the Old Radegund Manor House in Jesus Lane (as Mr G. J. Gray has recently ascertained) ; John Bowtell in St Michael's parish; and so on. While, of course, the University Printing House has been in St Botolph's since the year 1655, in Silver Street, shifting only from the north to the south side of that strangely-named thoroughfare. Still by far the largest number of names will be found to be connected with Great St Mary's ; and the Frontispiece, a plan of the neighbourhood of Senate House Yard, wherein are inscribed not only the names of those who dwelt thereabouts in the year 1769, but also some of their predecessors and of their successors, shows graphically how many 20 CAMBRIDGE STATIONERS Stationers and Booksellers have been connected with those quarters. Perhaps the most remarkable succession of members of the trade linked with one house may be found in the records of No. i Trinity Street. The earliest notice of these celebrated corner premises tells of their being used apparently for some academical purposes, the University author- ities being the owners thereof; but later on we find the holders to constitute a long line of Sta- tioners and Booksellers among whom may be men- tioned, either as living there or as linked with the associated firm, the names of William Lowe, William Dickenson, Edmund Jeffrey, William Thurlbourne and John Woodyer, as well as of Robert Watts, John Nicholson ("Maps"), John Nicholson the second, John Nicholson the third and Thomas Stevenson, of Richard Newby, of Daniel and Alexander Macmillan, of Macmillan, Barclay and Macmillan, of Macmillan and Co., of Macmillan and Bowes, and lastly of Robert Bowes and Son. And the mention of the last honoured name, brings me to a subject which I ought to have intro- duced at the beginning, instead of at the end of my lecture — viz., the splendid gift of books illustrative of the history of Printing in Cambridge, which Mr Robert Bowes has made to our Free Library, of the Committee of which he was formerly the Chairman. This collection of representative volumes includes specimens of the output of most of the leading University and Town Printers, and sometimes PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c. 21 examples shewing different periods in the careers of these workers. John Siberch, of course, is out of the question, though some of Mr Bowes's reprints of our first Stationer are shewn. Again, it will be remembered that some of the names given in the list of the Cambridge official printers are merely those of sleeping partners, inserted for the purpose of retaining University privilege ; their names never appeared upon the title-page of any printed book. But almost all the others are here exampled. These specimen volumes will be kept and exhibited to- gether, and may be consulted by students and by those interested in the History of our ancient Town and University. It is impossible here to go through the long list of these books — there are 70 or 80 of them — but a few remarks may be made upon them. The first volume in point of time is a copy of a translation of the Harmonia Confessionum Fidei, published by Thomas Thomas in 1586; readers of Mullinger's History of our University will remember how this book had been condemned by Bishop Aylmer of London on account of its Puritanic tendencies. The third volume is of special interest, because it was compiled by Thomas Thomas himself, for our printer was a fellow of King's and a scholar of considerable attainments. It is a copy of his Latin Dictionary^ which passed through many editions; this is a specimen of the 7th, and was published by John Legate in the year 1600. Then follow three or four volumes of works by William Perkins, the celebrated Cambridge 22 CAMBRIDGE STATIONERS preacher, who was for some time vicar of St Andrew's-the-Great . Notice also an interesting copy of Winterton's Poetce Minores Greed, issued in 1635 t>y the three Cambridge printers, Thomas and John Buck and Roger Daniel. Dated the same year, 1635, is Shelford's **5 Dis- courses,'' which (as may be seen from Gardiner's History of England, viii. 123) created a great sen- sation under the inspiration of Laud. Passing on, attention may be drawn to some of the classical volumes issued at the time when Bent- ley put forth his great effort on behalf of Cambridge printing. See the volumes printed by Owen (who became bankrupt when connected with our Press), the Anacreon issued by Barnes, the Professor of Greek in our University, and the Sallust, printed by Cornelius Crownfield and edited by Joseph Wasse, a fellow of Queens', of whom Bentley said : "When I am dead, Wasse will be the most learned man in England." His son, Christopher Wasse, went from Cambridge to Oxford, where he was after- wards appointed University Printer. The two volumes, on the History of the Rebellion edited by Jacob Hooper, are interesting, in that they were printed c. 1749 by Walker and James, and ''distributed gratis (in parts) to the customers of the Cambridge Journal.'' There are some beautiful specimens of celebrated editions of the Bible and of the Prayer Book, for which our University has been renowned ; such as Bentham's Prayer 5oo/j (1756) ; the celebrated Folio PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c. 23 Bible issued by Baskerville in 1763 (the original binding of which will be noticed) ; the Royal Folio reprint of the Codex Bezce, which Thomas Kipling brought out in 1793 — the editing of which was the subject of considerable controversy. The two volumes of Tasso, edited by Agostino Isola, may be noticed. Isola was welcomed in Cam- bridge as an Italian teacher; he was the father of Charles Isola, an Esquire Bedell honoured by Gun- ning, and the grandfather of the young lady (dear to the hearts of all lovers of Charles Lamb) who be- came the wife of Moxon the publisher. Another volume of Italian Poems, printed in 1 8 10, is stated to be issued from the Angel Inn Yard. There are many other books which might be particularised; and which visitors will notice for themselves ; but attention may be drawn io certain Cambridge Guides, which Mr Bowes has been good enough to add to the fine collection which our Free Library possesses. These remarks may help us to realise how im- portant is the gift of these printed books, which we owe to the generosity of Mr Bowes. It is hoped that this public-spirited action may lead to similar support of our Town Library. The Committee and the Librarian will always welcome the gift of useful books and they will specially welcome any volumes printed at Cam- bridge, or relating to our Town and University. We have already (chiefly owing to the generosity of the late Mr H. T. Hall) a remarkable accumulation 24 CAMBRIDGE STATIONERS of Shakespeare books, and we hope to be similarly distinguished by a large collection of volumes illustrating the name and fame of Cambridge. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF UNIVERSITY PRINTERS [Reprinted, by permission, from Mr R. Bowes's Paper on University Printers (C.A.S. xxvi. pp. 285-6).] In the following list the names of those who are not known to have printed anything are underlined. 1521. John Siberch He disappears after 1522 1534. Nicholas Speryng Garrett Godfrey Segar Nicholson 1539. Nicholas Pilgrim 1540. Richard Noke 1546. Peter Sheres 1577. John Kingston 1583. Thomas Thomas, M.A. d. 1588 1588. John Legate d. 1620 ? John Porter (before 1593) 1606. Cantrell Legge He did not print after 1625 ? Thomas Brooke, M.A. (before 1614). At least till 1621 1622. Leonard Greene d. 1630 1625. Thomas Buck, M.A. Said to have resigned 1653 John Buck, M.A. (?) 1630. Francis Buck Resigned 1632 1632. Roger Daniel Patent cancelled 1650 1650. John Legate {the younger) Patent cancelled 1655 1655. John Field d. 1668 1669. Matthew Whinn 1669. i68o. 1682. 1683. 1683. 1693. 1697. 1 701. 1705- 1730. PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c. 25 John Hayes d. 1705 John Peck, M.A. Hugh Martin, M.A. Dr James Jackson Jonathan Pindar H. Jenkes Jonathan Pindar John Owen Cornelius Crownfield W. Fenner \ Mrs Fenner j Lease relinquished by Mrs Fenner At least till 1730 Bankrupt 1703 Pensioned 1740 Thomas James i John James / 1740. Joseph Bentham 1758. John Baskerville 1766. John Archdeacon 1793. John Burges 1802. John Deighton 1802. Richard Watts [1804. Andrew Wilson 1809. John Smith 1836. John William Parker 1854. Charles John Clay, M.A. George Seeley 1882. John Clay, M.A. 1916. James Bennet Peace, M.A. 1738 Resigned 1766 Nothing after 1763 D- 1795 D. 1802 Resigned 1802 Resigned 1809 (?)i8ii] Pensioned 1836 Resigned 1854 Retired 1895 Retired 1856 D. 1916 26 CAMBRIDGE STATIONERS LIST OF STATIONERS, PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c. This rough List of Cambridge Printers, etc., does not pre- tend to be exhaustive or to be arranged exactly in chronological order. The dates given are somewhat casually assigned — now referring to the death of the printer, now to the issue of some book, and so on. But it was thought that such an indication of the period, when those mentioned flourished, would be better than nothing. William Pergamentarius: in St Michael's parish, 1258 John Scriptor: c. 1270 John Porthors: c. 1270 William le Lorimor: Gt St Mary's parish, c. 1275 Henry le Parchiminere: Gt St Mary's parish, c. 1275 Walter LE Parchemyner: 1314-5 John Illuminator: 1314-5 Robert Pergamentarius: 1315 Robert de Oxford: c. 1320 Walter de Bury: Trinity Street, 2 doors from [Mr Bowes's], 1349 John Hardy: c. 1350 John de Wesenham: c. 1360 Gerard Wake: 1435 John Ward: 1474 Thomas Bookbinder: 1469 Richard Fydyon: 1481 William Squire: 1482 William Hatley: Gt St Mary's parish, 1495 John Borede: 1502 William Bradford: 1504 Peter Breynans: Gt St Mary's parish, 1502 Garrett Godfrey: Gt St Mary's parish, 1503-29 Nicholas Spierinck: High Street, Gt St Mary's parish, 1505-46 PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c. 27 Richard Lichfield: Gt St Mary's parish, 1513 Richard Oytt: 1519 Nicholas Oytt: 1519 John Siberch: ''Anna Regia" Caius Walk, 1521 Segar Nicholson: High Street, St Michael's parish, after- wards (as beer-brewer) at Magdalene Bridge, 1521 M. Coltresse: 1526 Peter Bright: Holy Sepulchre parish, 1527 Leonard of Christ's College: 1527 William Banks: 1531 [David Pratt]: 1532 Nicholas Pilgrim: Gt St Mary's parish, 1523-45 Richard Noke: 1540 Wm Sperinck: Gt St Mary's parish John Scarlett: "lytell house at y^ west end of y^chyrche" (Gt St Mary's), under the steeple, 1551 John South: Gt St Mary's parish, 1550-3 Peter Sheres: "Shere's Lane," north side of Gt St Mary's Churchyard, Gt St Mary's parish, 1545 John Sheres: "Shere's Lane," Gt St Mary's parish, 1568-81 John Baxter: 1556-96 Simon Watson: Regent Walk (S. side), 1556 William Burwell: 1556 Henry Cransho: 1560 Philip Scarlett: Gt St Mary's parish, 1560 "MrHary": 1557 John Cuthbert: 1568 [Humphrey Toy] Thomas Thomas: Regent Walk (N. side), 1553-88 Benjamin Prime: 1589 Thomas Gibson Richard Jugge Wm Jackson: Gt St Mary's parish John Denys: 1578 John Legate: Regent Walk (N. side), 1588, d. 1620 Benedict Walker: 1566-88 Thomas Bradshaw: (i) High Street, opp. Gt St Mary's Church, (2) Holy Sepulchre parish, 1 578-1 608 28 CAMBRIDGE STATIONERS William Williams: Regent Walk (N. side), N. side of Gt St Mary's steeple, 1608 John Porter: Gt St Mary's Passage, opp. S. door of Gt St Mary's Church, 1 589-1608 Hugh Burdwell: 1592 Manasses Vautrolier John Jones William Scarlett: (i) i Trinity Street, (2) Bird Bolt, Gt St Andrew's parish, 1 592-1 61 7 John Sharman, 1623 Cantrell Legge: Gt St Mary's parish, Market Hill [next Rose Inn], 1606-25 Thomas Brooke: 1591-1629 Leonard Greene: (i) S. side of Gt St Mary's steeple, (2) Gt St Mary's Passage [same house as Porter], 1612-30 Robert Leete: (i) Gt St Mary's parish, (2) All Saints' parish, Jesus Lane, 1622-63 Thomas Williams: "Six Bells," St Edward's parish Robert Sanders: Gt St Mary's parish, 1620-33 Henry Moody: i Trinity Street, 1575-1637 Thomas Moody: Regent Walk (N. side), Gt St Mary's parish, [next door to John Mileson], 1624-61 Anthony Harrison: St Michael's parish Henry Wray: High Street, opp. Gt St Mary's Church, 1607-28 Peter Scarlett Richard Ewlam Simon Roebuck: 1629-34 Edmund Porter Jonathan Pindar (i): Gt St Mary's parish Samuel Dishen Richard Ireland: High Street, opp. Gt St Mary's Church, [same house as Wray], 1624-54 Daniel Boyse Francis Greene: Gt St Mary's parish, 1628-38 Luke Sharman: 1641 Thomas Buck: (i) "The Angel" [next Rose Inn], Market Hill, (2) Augustine Friars' (St Edward's parish), 1624-70 PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c. 29 John Buck: St Botolph's parish, 1626-80 Francis Buck: 1630 Roger Daniel: 1632 William Graves: Regent Walk, "over against Gt St Mary's Church," 1631-86 Thomas Browne: house at W. end of Gt St Mary's Church, 1636 John Mileson: Regent Walk (N. side), "over against Gt St Marie's Church," 1627-70 John Houlden: 1647 John Blyton: 1645 John Legate, jun.: St Botolph's parish, 1600-58 Anthony Nicholson (i) : Gt St Mary's parish, etc., 1651-63 William Morden: (i) Gt St Mary's parish, (2) St Michael's parish, 1650-79 William Nealand: "at the Crown in Duck Lane," 1655 Troylus Atkinson: (i) Gt St Mar)''s parish [next door to Robert Gee], [(2) "Brazen George," St Andrew's Street], 1626-75 John North: 1653 John Field: New Printing Office, Silver Street, corner of Queens' (Street), 1655 JohnFoakes: (i) Holy Trinity parish, (2) Gt St Mary's parish, 1659 Robert Nicholson: Regent Walk (N. side) John Greaves: 1663 Thomas Danks: 1664 Edv^^ard Story: St Edward's parish, 1668 James Hunt: 1668 John Grumball Matthew Whinn: 1669 John Hayes: St Botolph's parish, 1669 Samuel Simpson: High Street, opp. Gt St Mary's Church, 1670 John Creed: High Street, opp. Gt St Mary's Church, 1671 John Johnson: 1672 John Millicent: Regent Walk (N. side), d. 1672 John Hart: [in partnership with Edward Story], 1674 30 CAMBRIDGE STATIONERS Charles Mordon: St Michael's parish Samuel Westley: 1674 William Graves, jun.: Regent Walk, "over against Gt St Mary's church," 1680-95 John Peck: 1669-82 Hugh Martin: 1680-1716 Dr James Jackson: 1683 Jonathan Pindar (2): 1663-83 Thomas Isburne: 1686 Henry Dickenson: 1681 Richard Green: High Street, opp. Gt St Mary's Church, 1632-99 Anthony Nicholson (2), jun.: "Six Bells," St Edward's parish, 1680 Robert Browne: Gt St Mary's parish, 1681 Robert Gee: Gt St Mary's parish, [next door to Troylus At- kinson], 1675-81 Edward Hall: 1688-1710 Edmund Beeching: St Michael's parish, 1689 Francis Hicks: 1691 William Atkinson: Gt St Mary's parish [see his father Troylus Atkinson], 1693 Henry Jenks: 1693 John Pindar: (i) Regent Walk (N. side), (2) St Michael's parish [next door to Wm Mordon], 1697 Jonathan Pindar (3): 1697 Thos. Dawson: "Nag's Head," Gt St Mary's parish John Ellis: 1693 Thomas Dawson, jun.: East School Lane (N. side), 1695 Elizabeth Dawson: East School Lane (N, side), 1725 GowiNG Graves: Regent Walk (S. side), 1691 Edward Jeffrey: Regent Walk (N. side), 1698 Charles Wright: Regent Walk (N. side), 1699 John Lambourn: East School Street (N. side) John Richardson: Gt St Mary's parish. Regent Walk (N. side), 1700 Thomas Webster: High Street, opp. Gt St Mary's Church, 1701 PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c. 31 John Owen: 1701 Cornelius Crownfield: (i) St Edward's parish, (2) St Botolph's parish, 1705 John Gumbold: 1705 William Smith: St Botolph's parish, 1708 Robert Chapman: 1711 Brampton Lowry: St Sepulchre's parish, d. 1716 William Nicholson: 1718 WiLLiAMTHURLBOURNE:(i)EastFrontofKing's,Trumping- ton Street, St Edward's parish, (2) Regent Walk (N. side), 1724 JohnWoodyer: 1724 Francis Hopkins: 1729 William Godbed: 1740 R. Danthorne: 1758 R. Matthews: (Regent Walk, or) High Street, 1751 E. Bore: East School Street (S. side), 1762 Thomas Merrill: Regent Walk (S. side), 1747 Henry Crow: Regent Walk (N. side), [and Chs. Wright partners] J. Merrill: 1758 J. Crownfield: 1743 Wm Dickenson: Gt St Mary's parish. High Street R. Walker: 1744I ^^^^ ^^^ ^j^^^^^^ ^^^^^ House T.James: 1730 J W. Fenner: 1730 Mrs Fenner: 1730 Joseph Bentham: St Botolph's parish, 1740 Robert Watts: (i) St Botolph's parish, (2) Trumpington Street (W.), now King's Parade, 1745 John Nicholson (i) ("Maps"): Trumpington Street (W.), 1752-96 John Baskerville: Radegund Manor House, 1706-75 John Archdeacon: St Botolph's parish, Pembroke Lane 1766 John Burgess: St Botolph's parish, Pembroke Lane, 1793 Thomas Fletcher: 1771 John Paris: St Benet's parish, 1759-69 32 CAMBRIDGE STATIONERS J. HODSON F. Hodson: "Corner of Green Street" John Bowtell: Trinity Street, 1753-1813 W. H. Lunn: 1784 W. Page: 1793 J. Taylor: 1793 Luke Pennington: 1794 Benjamin Flower: 1796 O. Gregory: 1798 F. Jennings: 1799 M. Jennings: 1799 John Bowtell, jun.: All Saints' Passage, 1801 John Deighton: (i) Trinity Street, "opp. the Senate House," (2) St Michael's parish, 1802 Richard Watts: 1802 C. Rivingtons: 1802 J. Easden: 1802 Andrew Wilson: 1804 John Nicholson (2): i, Trinity Street, 1807-23 John Nicholson (3): i, Trinity Street, 1810-23 John Smith: (i) Silver Street, (2) Mill Lane, 1809 Byer M. Watson: Angel Inn Yard, 1809 J. Gee: Market Hill, 1810 G. Barraclough: Senate House Passage J. Symonds: Sidney Street W. Gibson: opp. Catharine Hall W.Metcalfe: (i) Trinity Street, corner of Green Street, (2) St Mary's Street, 1812 Hankin: Rose Crescent, 1817 E. Goode: Bridge Street, 1817 J, Goode: Bridge Street, 1817 Richard Newby: 17 Trinity Street, 1819-44 Thomas Stevenson: (i) (?) Regent Walk (N. side), (2) I Trinity Street, 1826 W. Hatfield Harwood: Bridge Street, 1825 J. Hall: (i) Bridge Street, (2) Trumpington Street, 1825 PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS, &c. 33 W. p. Grant: 8 Trinity Street D. and A. Macmillan: (i) 17 Trinity Street, (2) i Trinity Street, 1844, etc. Bowes and Bowes: i Trinity Street Elijah Johnson: 30 Trinity Street Henry Wallis: Sidney Street J. T. Walters: 6 King's Parade E. Meadows: 6 King's Parade J. Talboys Wheeler: (i) 2 Rose Crescent, (2) Trinity Street Richard Hutt: 29 Trinity Street Miss Page: Market Street Bridges and Son: 19 Market Hill W. H. Smith: 7 Rose Crescent J. H ATT : 3 Peas Hill C. Frank: 46 Sidney Street Thomas King: 10 Petty Cury P. S. Lambourn: Free School Lane J. Kelly: Music Shop near the Market Hill 34 CAMBRIDGE STATIONERS C/2 W Q O w O Q h— I < § O i CO a: C O In C G G M S* O O O ffi >> CO M- CO in c O ^^^ T3 T) XJ ,_, o o T73 C C C hJ ^ ^ t: rt PS rt PQ ^3 G C3 C SSogogoogog QOgoOwOmmOwO ^ C/J 4-)^ 4->>-< .^,J^_< 4->t— 1 -*-> &4 c4 t-^ ' '.S 7^43 O^ Ox; O Oj3 O^ o t— 1 bc ')-( r-o 'S 6 It c rt Q gQ:z;QZQ;ziZQZO ^ s 1-^ H- -» o CO rG «^ ti --^ C a ^ § 13 c3 13 c = ^.-- o o o o ^oi^ ^^^^ TS 4> ^ w W ,; 1) ^ ±^ 7^ -O -Ci T3 O — ' to M fo tJ- ir> re rt _ _ (U 4; 4) 1) S g- o "3 '3 '3 '3 = "3 ^Q tJ o O O O O "ijia^ .2 " - - g a e s s ^ W ^ .. .s Q^ CO cd cd rt CO 2^r2^r2^.'2^ 'rs^iH o M H 00 CO t^o i-i U-) a\ o vo CO tJ-oo o^i-i m Tt-u-io^o >-< lo ^ tJ-O vO r^OO OOOOC^OnOOOOmi-imwhhNNN ^ t^t^r^r-»r--t^r^r^ t^oo oooooooooooooooooocxsoo PRINTERS, BOOKBINDERS!,^c. 35 -a o tJ TS go S S O t— > o o ^ CO ^ Cfi CO X ^ ^ C C U CU < <U5M -"^ ■• '^ ^ -' - •'- ^ a. c oc/3 rtc«rt(ucoc«c/3 tiJ o-ti: o2 ^ T! 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CO O be G 73 o 13 C cs CO CO a W) o U - o 3 CO O PQ c is ^ 3 O OOQPQ CO w Q P o O Q H- 1 o c/: CJ C3 rt c/3 ;:2 c/!! • '=3 ^* G O C/2 -a c C5 5! i-iiH Si .>2 > c « C5 D l"^ 1= U^ ca "OOCOO-^OONCO OOCOOO 0^0^0^0^0^0^ COOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00 0^ On NO O^ O^ Q> O O >-i i-i *-i "-I OOOOOO ONONOONONON 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. D"C3 ;.,; LD 21-40w-l,'68 tt ■^^^'''^ V^'.^F ■ 1 (H74528l0)476 ^"'"'^"g^rkeS^''^""* 1 1