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| Pibrary of the Museum
OF
COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY,

AT HARVARD COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.

Founded by private subscription, in 1861.

_ From the Library of LOUIS AGASSIZ. |

No. 5b AEE
She Pitre: 2 ue

A CATALOGUE OF BIRDS,
Sec.

VOLUME I._

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A CATALOGUE

OF

THE BIRDS

IN

Che MMuseum

OF

THE HON. EAST-INDIA COMPANY.

BY

THOMAS HORSFIELD, M. & Pu. D., F.R.S.,

Keeper of the Company's Museum,

AND

FREDERIC MOORE,

Assistant.

WoL. I.

“Printed by @rder of the Gourt of Directors.

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INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

Tue ZoorocicaL Museum of the East-India Company consists
of speeimens in all departments of the Science, from the Company's
Oriental possessions, contributed by public servants who have been
attached as Naturalists to Missions and Deputations on behalf of
the Indian Government, or by gentlemen of the civil and military
services as presents to the Honourable Court of Directors.

Collections and Contributions in the particular branch of ORNI-
THOLOGY, have been received in the Museum in the following
chronological order :—

1802.

1808

1812:
1813.
1817.

1819.

Eudelin de Jonville—A series of Drawings of Birds from
Ceylon.

Francis (Buchanan) Hamilton, M.D.—Drawings of Birds
from Continental India.

John Fleming, Esq.—Drawings of Birds.

Richard Parry, Esq.—Drawings of Birds from Sumatra.

The King of Tanjore-—Drawings of Birds from Southern
India. Presented by John Torin, Esq.

Hon. Thomas 8S. Raffles, Iieutenant-Governor of Java.—
Specimens of preserved Birds from Java: Horsfield’s
Collection.

Hon. Thomas 8. Raffies—Preserved Birds from Java: Hors-
field’s Collection.

Francis (Buchanan) Hamilton, M.D.—Drawings of Birds.

Francis (Buchanan) Hamilton, 1.D.—Drawings of Birds.

Thomas Horsfield, M.D.—A. large Collection of preserved
Birds from Java, with Drawings.

iv

1820.

1821.
1823.

1824.
1827.

1829.
1831.

1832.
1833.
1837.

1840.

1841.

1842.

1843.

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

Sir Thomas S. Raffles, Lieutenant-Governor of Fort Marl-
- borough.—A Collection of Birds from Sumatra.

Sir T. S. Raffies—Drawings of Birds from Sumatra.

George Finlayson, Esq., Surgeon and Naturalist to the Mis-
sion of John Crawford, Esq., to Siam and Hué, the Capitat
of Cochin-China.—A Collection of preserved Birds, made
during the Mission.

Lieut.-General Thomas Hardwicke.—A Collection of Birds.

Captain J. D. Herbert.—Specimens of Himalayan Birds,
collected during his Geological Survey of the Himalayan
Mountains.

Madras Government.—A Collection of Birds, made by the
Company’s Naturalist at Fort St. George.

Colonel W. H. Sykes—A large Collection of Birds, made
during the Statistical Survey of the Dukhun.

Nathaniel Wallich, M.D.—Preserved Birds from Nepal.

John Reeves, Esq—A Collection of preserved Birds from
China, with specimens of Edible Birds’-nests.

John McClelland, Esq., Member of the Deputation to Assam
Sor the purpose of investigating the Culture of the Tea Plant. —
—Specimens of Birds, with Drawings and Descriptions.

John William Helfer, M.D.—A Collection of Birds from the
Coast of Tenasserim.

Major R. Boileau Pemberton.—Specimens of Birds, collected
during his Mission to Bootan in 1837-38.

The Asiatie Society of Bengal—A Collection of preserved
Birds.

John McClelland, Esqg.—Specimens of Birds.

J. T. Pearson, Esq.—Specimens of Birds.

The Bengal Government.—A Collection of Birds made by
W. Griffith, Esq., during the Expedition to Afghanistan.

John McClelland, Esq—A Collection of Birds.

The Bengal Government.—Birds collected by W. Griffith,
Esq., during the Expedition to Afghanistan. Second
Dispatch.

Hugh Falconer, M.D.—A Collection of Birds from N. India.

William Griffith, Hsqg.—Specimens of Birds.

The Bombay Government.—The Collection of Birds made
during the Mission of Sir W. C. Harris to Abyssinia.

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. vV

1844. The Asiatic Society of Bengal.—Large Collections of preserved
Birds, received by several separate dispatches.
1845. B. H. Hodgson, Hsq.—A large Collection of Birds from Nepal.
Matthew Lovell, Esq., Bengal Medical Service.—Several Birds.
J. Bax, Esq., through Colonel Barnwell—A Collection of
Birds.
1846. The Asiatic Society of Bengal.—Large Collections of Birds,
received by several separate dispatches.
1847. The Asiatie Society of Bengal.—A. Collection of Birds.
The Rev. F. W. Hope.—Several Birds.
1848. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.—Several Birds from Sikim and Dar-
jeeling.
1850. Captain Richard Strachey.—A large Collection of Birds from
Ladakh and Kumaon.
1851. The Bombay Government.—Specimens of Birds, received from
Commander Jones, of the Indian Navy.
W. E. Wood, Esq., Hon. E.1.C. Medical Service.—A. specimen
of the Adjutant or Gigantic Crane.
1853. B. H. Hodgson, Esg—A large Collection of Birds from
Nepal and Tibet.
John Gould, Esqg.—Several specimens of Birds, desiderata to
the Hon. Company’s Museum.
1854. Captain R. C. Tytler, Bengal Army.—Several Specimens of
Birds from Dacca.
Theodore Cantor, M.D.—A large Collection of Birds, from
Penang and the Indian Archipelago.

The Systematic arrangement of this Catalogue is founded on
the plan elaborated with great perspicacity and erudition by
Nicholas Aylward Vigors, Esq., in an Essay, printed in the
fourteenth volume of the “‘ Transactions of the Linnean Society,”
p- 395, &c., entitled ‘‘ Observations on the Natural Affinities
that Satiock the Orders and Families of Birds.”

In this Essay the entire Class of Birds is divided into ve
primary subdivisions, namely, Raptores, Insessores, Rasores, Gral-
latores, and Natatores. That part of the Catalogue now printed
comprises only the Raptores and part of the Insessores; and an
Analysis of the whole Class is reserved for the completion of this
work. In the subdivision of families some modifications have

al ~ INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

been required, in consequence of newly-discovered forms, and in
the second family of the Raptores, the Falconide, the subdivision
of Dr. J. J. Kaup, in an Essay, ‘* Ueber Falken, Museum Senck-
enbergianum,” vol. III. (1845), has been adopted. In the Cata-
logue ‘of the Mammalia contained in the Company’s Museum, an ~
analogous subdivision of the Class into the Orders of Primates,
Rare, Cete, Glires, and Ungulata, according to the systematic
arrangement propounded by Dr. J. E. Gray in the introduction
to the Catalogue of the Mammalia in the British Museum, has
been aed

Respecting the Nomenclature of this Cotaloguics it may be
stated, that it has been the uniform practice to assign to each
species the latest and most authentic systematic name founded
on a most careful research; and in many cases the numerous
synonyms exhibit an interesting history of the changes which the
nomenclature has experienced. The discoveries and additions of
later years have required a nomenclature adapted to the present
condition of the science.. The Genera of the older Ornithologists
have in most cases received numerous subdivisions, and many new
Genera have been established. ‘This has also been the case re-
specting Families. Such new Genera only as have been distinctly
defined and described have been admitted into this Catalogue.
With regard to specific names, it has been the invariable rule
to preserve to the discoverer or first describer the credit which is
due to him, and to indicate his right of priority by the terminal
affix of Sp., according to the pertinent and equitable recom-
mendation of a Committee appointed in 1844, by the British
Association of Science, ‘‘ to consider the rules by which the
Nomenclature of Zoology may be established on a uniform and
permanent basis.”

In collecting the notices of the habits and manners of the birds
described, and in verifying the numerous synonyms scattered
through various works on Zoology, Mr. F. Moore, the Assistant
in the Museum, has laboured with great care and assiduity,
as well as in expediting the preparation and printing of this
Catalogue.

THOMAS HORSFIELD.

Liprary, East-Inp1A Hovsg,
15th September, 1854,

SYSTEMATIC LIST

OF THE

GENERA AND SPECIES

OF

BIRDS

THE MUSEUM OF THE EAST-INDIA COMPANY.

Class AVES.

Order I. RAPTORES.

Fam. I. VULTURIDA, Vig.

Subfam. VULTURINA.

Vuttur, Mehr.
V. monachus, Linn.

Orocyrrs, G. Rk. Gray.

O. calvus, Scop. Sp.............
— auricularis, Daud. Sp. ...

Gyps, Sav.

G. fulvus, Gel. Sp. ...... ..
—— Villearig, Sav. ...7....25....-
— indicus, Scop. Sp. .........
— bengalensis, Gmel., Sp. ...

Subf. SARCORHAMPHINA.

NEoPpHRON, Sav.
N. percnopterus, Linn. Sp.

— pileatus, Burch. Sp. ......
Subfam. GYPAETINA.

GypaEtus, Storr.
G. barbatus, Linn. Sp.

igh

see eee

. alaudarius, Briss. Sp....
— cenchris, Wawm. Sp. .....

E
2
9 | H
: bee
4.

4 | P
A,

F
g|—
Pre
9|H

CONTAINED IN

—>__

Fam. II. FALCONID.

Subfam. I. FALCONINA.

TinnunouLus, Vieill.
Pp:

Eryturopus, Brehm.

. vespertinus, Linn. Sp. ...

Hierax, Vigors.

. cerulescens, Linn. Sp. ...
entolmus, Hodgs. .
melanoleucos, Blyth

a

PoLIHIERAX, Kaup.

. semitorquatus, Smith Sp.

Fatco, Linn.

. peregrinus, Gimel. .........

—_———_
eee ree seer eee er eee sees eee

peregrinator, Sundev.......
jugger, J. H. Gray... +.
lanarius, Linn. ..,.........
cervicalis, Licht.............

Hypotriorcuis, Bove.

13
14

14

15

Bees

16

16

16
18

22
22

. severus, Horsf. Sp. ...... 22

vill

H. concolor, Zemm. Sp. ... p. 28
— subbuteo, Linn. Sp....... 23
— chicquera, Daud. Sp. ... 28
— esalon, Gimel. Sp. ...... 24

Subfam. IJ. MILVINA.

Crrous, Lacep.

C. cyaneus, Linn. Sp. ...... 25

— Swainsoni, Smith......... 25

— melanoleucos, Gmel. Sp. 26

— cinerascens, Mont. Sp.... 27

— eruginosus, Linn. Sp.... 27

ae Ge er Ey Shee 28
ELanvus, Sav.

Ki. melanopterus, Auctorum 28
Mitvus, Cue.

M. niger, Briss................ 30

— govinda, Sykes ............ 30

Subfam. III. ACCIPITRINA.

Spizaetus, Veecll.

S. limnaétus, Horsf. Sp. ... 32
— caligatus, Raffles Sp. ... 38
cristatellus, Temm. ...... 33

— nipalensis, Hodgson...... 381
— hastatus, Less. Sp. ...... 34
— Kieneri, De Sparre Sp. 34
— occipitalis, Daud. Sp. ... 35
AccrriTer, Briss.
A. nisus, Linn. Sp. ......... 35
— tachiro, Daud. Sp. ...... 36
— rufiventris, Smith......... 36
— virgatus, Zemm. Sp....... 37 »

Micronisvus, G. R. Gray.

M. soloénsis, Horsf. Sp. ...
— hbadius, Ginel. Sp.

Metierax, G. R. Gray.
M. polyzonus, Riipp. Sp. ... 40

see eee

Pottornis, Kaup.
P. teesa, Frankl. Sp.

SYSTEMATIC LIST

AstuR, Lacep.

A. palumbarius, Linn. Sp. p. 41
— trivirgatus, Zemm. Sp.... 42

Subfam. IV. AQUILINA. _
Aguita, Mehr.

A. pennata, Gmel. Sp. ...... 43

— nevioides, Cuv. Sp. ...... 44

— nevia, Gmel. Sp. ......... 45

— Bonelli, Zemm. Sp. ...... 46

— chrysaétos, Linn. Sp. ... 47

— imperialis, Bechst. Sp.... 48

eines ee 49
Neopus, Hodgs.

N. malayensis, Reinw. ...... 381

H mMaTornIs, Vigors.

H. bacha, Daud. Sp.......... 49

— cheela, Daud. Sp.,........ 50

— holospilus, Vigors......... 50
CrrcaEtus, Vieill.

C. gallicus, Gmel. Sp. ...... 51
PANDION, Sav. -

P. haliaétus, Zinn. Sp....... 52

— ichthyaétus, Horsf. Sp. 53

— humilis, Zemm............. 54
Hatsetus, Sav.

H. Macei, Temm. Sp. ...... 55
—- leucogaster, Gmel. Sp.... 56
Hattiastur, Selby.

H. indus, Bodd. Sp. ......... 57

Subfam. V. BUTEONINA.

Buteo, Cur.

B. augur, Riipp. Sp. ......... 60
— rufinus, Rupp. Sp. ...... 61
ARCHIBUTEO, Brehm.

A. hemiptilopus, Blyth ... 383

:

OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES. 1x

Baza, Hodgs.

B. lophotes, Cuv. Sp. ...... p. 62
— Reinwardti, Zemm. ...... 68

PERNIS, Cw.
P. ‘cristata, Obie. ..05!......... 63

Fam. III. STRIGID.
Subfam. I. NOCTUINA.

ATHENE, Bode.

A. Brama, Temm. Sp. ...... 65

— cuculoides, Vigors Sp. ... 66

— Brodiei, Burton Sp. ...... 66

— castanoptera, Horsf. Sp. 67

— radiata, Tickell Sp. ...... 67
Ninox, Hodgs.

N. scutulata, Raffles Sp. ... 68

Subfam. II. BUBONINA.

Epurattes, Keys.

KE. Scops, Linn. Sp. ......... 69
— Sunia, Hodgs. Sp.......... 70
— Lempiji, Horsf. Sp....... 71
— rufescens, Horsf. Sp. .... 71
Buso, Szbbald.
B. maximus, Sibbald..:...... 72
— orientalis, Horsf. Sp. ... 72
— lacteus, Temm. Sp. ....... 78
— bengalensis, Frankl. Sp. 73
— coromanda, Lath. Sp. ... 75
Kerupa, Less.
K. Javanensis, Less. .......... 76
— flavipes, Hodgs. Sp. ...... 76

— Ceylonensis, Gmel. Sp... 77
Subfam. IIT. ASIONINA.

Ortus, Cur.
O. vulgaris, Fleming......... 79

_— brachyotus, Gmel. Sp.... 79

— maculosus, Vieill. Sp. ... 80

Subfam. IV. SERIGINA.

Puoxipus, Ls. Geoffr.

P. badius, Horsf. Sp. ...... p. 80
Srrix, Linn.

S. flammea, Zinn. ............ 81

— javanica, De Wurmb. ... 81

— capensis, Smith............ 82

Subfam. V. SYRNIANA.

Syryium, Sav.

S. sinense, Lath. Sp.......... 82
— Indranee, Sykes Sp....... 83
— Seloputo, Horsf: Sp. ... 84

— nivicolum, Hodgs. Sp. ... 84

Order II. INSESSORES.
Tribe I. FISSIROSTRES.
Fam. I. MEROPID/#.

Merops, Linn.

M. viridis, Zinn. . ............ 84
— Philippinus, Linn. ...... 86
— badius, Gmel. ............ 87
— Nubicus, Gmel. | ...:..... 88
— quinticolor, Vieill. ...... 88
— AMeyptius, Forsk.......... 89
MeEtitropHaGus, Bore.
M. Lafresnai, Guerin. ...... 89
Nyetriornis, Swazns.
N. amicta, Zemm. Sp. ...... 383
— Athertoni, Jard. e¢ Selb.
Se Eee Ee 89

Fam. Il. HIRUNDINID/L.
Subfam. I. HIRUNDININA.

Hirunpo, Linn.

H. Panayana, Gimel.......... 91
— daurica, Linn. ........... 92
— filifera, Steph............... 93

B

x SYSTEMATIC LIST

H. striolata, Temm.
— domicola, Jerdon .........

Corrie, Bove.

C. riparia, Linn. Sp. ......... 95
— rupestris, Scop. Sp. ...... 95
— fuligula, Lichst. Sp....... 96
— Sinensis, J. H. Gray Sp. 96
— concolor, Sykes Sp. ....... 97
— cincta, Bodd. Sp. ......... 97

Derticuon, Nob.
D. nipalensis, Hodgs.

CuHELIDON, Bole.
C. urbica, Linn. Sp. ......... 884

Subfam. IT. CYPSELINA.

Cotiocati, G. R. Gray.

C. nidifica, G. R. Gray...... 98
== Tamei, WV0b. oS os ccs e 100

Cypse.us, Jl.

C. affinis, J. EL. Gray ...... 106
— subfureatus, Blyth ...... 386
— vittatus, Jard. et Selby... 385

— batassiensis, J. HL. Gray 108
— apus, Linn. Sp............. 109
— leuconyx, Blyth .........

DENDROCHELIDON, Bote.

D. comatus, Zemm. Sp.......
— Klecho, Horsf. Sp. ......

ACANTHYLIS, Bote.

A. giganteus, Temm. Sp.... 387
— nudipes, Hodgs. Sp....... 111

Fam.III. CAPRIMULGID:.

BatTRacuostomvs, Gould.

B. auritus, Vigors Sp. ...... 387
— stellatus, Gould ......... 387
— javanensis, Horsf. Sp. ... 112

Lyncornis, Gould.
L. Temmincki, Gould

“ee eee

4

CapRiIMuLeus, Linn.
C. macrourus, Horsf.

— albonotatus, Zickell ...... 388 —
— Indicus, Lath. ............ 113
— affinis, Horsf. ............ 114
— Mahrattensis, Sykes...... 114
— monticolus, Frankl....... 114
— Asiaticus, Lath. ......... 115
ee ene ee 115
a na capes cabo oe spelen 115

Fam. IV. TODID.

Evrytaimus, Horsf.
K. javanicus, Horsf. ......... 116

— ochromalus, Raffles ...... 116.
Corypon, Less.
C. sumatranus, Raffles Sp... 117

Psarisomus, Swaine.
P. Dalhousiz, ~ Jameson Sp.
SERILOPHUS, Szazns.

S. lunatus, Gould Sp. ......
— rubropygius, Hodgs. Sp.

CymMBIRHYNCHUS, Vigors.
C. macrorhynchus, Gmel.Sp. 119

CaLYPTOMENA, Laffles.

C, viridis, Raffles ............ 120
AMPELIS, Linn.
A. garrulus, Zinn............. 389
Cocnoa, Hodgs.
C. purpurea, Hodgs. ......... 390
Evrystomvus, Véevll. .
E. orientalis, Linn. Sp....... 121

Fam. V. HALCYONIDA.

Daceto, Leach.

888 | D. pulchella, Horsf. ......... 122

OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES. Xl

'TANYSIPTERA, Vigors. Hemipvus, Hodgs.

T. dea, Linn, Sp. ......... p. 122 | H. picatus, Sykes Sp. ... p. 186

— obscurus, Horsf. Sp...... 136
Hatcyon, Swains. obscurus, Horsf. Sp

H. leucocephalus, Gmel. Sp. 123 Hemicuetrpon, Hodgs.
— amouropterus, Pearson... 124 | FH. ferruginea, Hodgs. ...... 137
— atricapillus, Gimel. Sp.... 124 | — fuliginosa, Hodgs. ...... 137

— smyrnensis, Linn. Sp. ... 125 | _ latirostris, Rafiles Sp. ... 187
— fuscus, Bodd. Sp.......... 125

— coromandelianus,Scop.Sp. 126 Myiaara, Vig. et Horsf.
— melanopterus, Horsf. Sp. 127

iy seaniocsruleus,. Hick, Spo 128 M. azurea, Bodd Sp.......... 138

ae — latirostris, Gould ......... 139
— chelicuti, Stanley Sp. ... 128 | plumbea, Vig. e¢ Hor f 139

TopIRAMPHUS, Less.
PrEricrocotus, Boze,

T. collaris, Scop. Sp. ......... 137 : :

— varius, Eyton Sp.......... 890 P. peregrinus, Linn. Sp. ... 140

& deg — roseus, Vieill. Sp.......... 141
Auceno, Linn. — brevirostris, Vigors Sp... 141

A. euryzona, Temm. ......... 128 | — solaris, Blyth ............

— Ti lily Ginele 2... 129 | — xanthogaster, Raffles Sp. 142

— meninting, Horsf. ...... 130 | — flammeus, Morster Sp. ... 142

— biru,. Horsf. aera gy 130 | — Speciosus, Lath. Sp....... 143

; Curytz, Boie. Ruipipura, Vig. e¢ Horsf.
C. rudis, Linn. Sp. ......... 131 | RB. javanica, Sparm. Sp...... 144
aye outtata Vigors Sp. ...... 132 | — fuscoventris, Frankl. ... 144
: . — albofrontata, Frankl. ... 145

Cuyx, Lacep. — motacilloides, Vig. et

c. tridactyla, Linn. Sp ghee 391 Horsf. Be. Ming ey wee 146

— rufidorsa, Strickl........ .. 132

CHELIDORYNX, Hodgs.
Tribe II. DENTIROSTRES, | U: bypoxantha, Blyth Sp.... 147
Fam. I. MUSCICAPIDA. CryproLopHa, Swains.

Tourrrea, Less. C. cinereocapilla, Vieill. Sp. 147

T. paradisi, Zinn. Sp. ...... 133
— affinis, Hay 20:2... 0000s 134 Fam. Il. LANIAD A,
— mutata, Linn. Sp.......... 135 Subfam. II. DICRURINA.
— melanogaster, Swains. Sp. 135 ey
— incei, Gould Sp. ......... 391 Dicrvrvs, Vieill.
D. macrocercus, Viel. ...... 149
Parrenroma, Eyton. — longus, Temm. Sp. ...... 152
P. velatum, Temm. Sp. ...... 392 | — balicassius, Linn. Sp. ... 152
Piarysrerra, Jard. — longicaudatus, Hay ...... 152

— cerulescens, Linn. Sp.... 154
P. melanoptera, Gel. Sp... 185 | — lugubris, Ehrenb. Sp. ... 155

Xll SYSTEMATIC LIST

D. cineraceus, Horsf. Sp. p. 155
— leucopheus, Vievll. ...... 155

\ Epoutius, Cwv.

E. paradiseus, Gel. Sp. ... 155
— malabaricus, Scop. Sp.... 157
Curpia, Hodgs.

C. hottentota, Linn. Sp. ... 157
Burines, Hodgs.

B. remifer, Zemm. Sp. ...... 159
Cuaprtia, Hodgs.

C. wnea, Vieill. Sp. ......... 159
— malayensis, Hay ......... 393
Artamus, Vieill.

A. leucogaster, Valence. Sp. 161
— fuscus, Vieill. 2.3..220.0., 161
— superciliosus, Gould...... 162

Subfam. ITI. LANIANA.

Lantus, Linn.

L. exeubitor, Linn. ......... 162
— Lahtora, Sykes Sp. ...... 163
— Schach, Gimel. ............ 163
— erythronotus, Vigors Sp. 164
— caniceps, Blyth............ 164
— Hardwicki, Vigors Sp.... 165
— nigriceps, Frankl. Sp. ... 166
— tephronotus, Vigors Sp. 166
— divaricatus, Raffles ...... 155

Enneoctonts, Boie.

E. superciliosus, Lath. Sp... 394

— cristatus, Linn. Sp....... 167

— arenarius, Blyth Sp....... 394

— tigrinus, Drapiez Sp. ... 168
EvROcEPHALUS, Smith.

K. Riippelli, Bonap. ......... 169

TEPHRODORNIS, Swains.

‘l’. pondiceriana, Gmel. Sp. 169
— gularis, Raffles Sp. ...... 171
— pelvica, Hodgs. Sp. ...... 171

GaMPsoRHYNCHUS, Blyth.
G. rufulus, Blyth ......... p. 171

PTERUTHIUS, Swans.

P. enobarbus, Zemm. Sp. ... 172
— erythropterus, Vig. Sp... 172
— rufiventer, Blyth 178

eeeereeeee

Subf. [V. THAMNOPHILINA.

Dryoscopus, Boze.

D. cubla, Shaw Sp............ 173
— AXthiopicus, Vieill. ...... 173

Sabf. V. CAMPEPHAGINA.

GRAUCALUS, Cwv.

G. macei, Lesson ..........4. 173
— javensis, Horsf. Sp. ...... 174
LauaGce, Bote.

L. orientalis, Gmel. Sp. ... 175
— Sykesi, Strickl............. 175
— culminatus, Hay ......... 395
— humeralis, Gould Sp. ... 176
CaMPEPHAGA, V7eill.

C. fimbriata, Zemm. Sp. 176
— avensis, Blyth ............ 594

Fam. III. MERULIDA.

Subfam.I. MYIOTHERINA. |
Evpzres, Temm.

E. macrocercus, Zemm. ...... 395

Hopesonius, Bonap.
H. phcenicuroides, Hodgs.Sp. 395
CaLLENE, Blyth.

C. frontale; Blyth ...... 50...

DrymocataPuts, Blyth.

D. nigrocapitatus, Hyton Sp. 396

Bracuypreryx, Horsf:
B. montana, Horsf.

see re eree

OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES.

B. cruralis, Blyth Sp. ... p. 397

— nipalensis, Moore ......... 397
Testa, Hodgs.
T. cyaniventer, Hodgs. ...... 179
— castaneo-coronata, Burt.
pe eee ee 179

Pyozpyea, Hodgs.

P. squamata, Gould Sp...... 180
— pusilla, Hodgs. ............ 180
— caudata, Blyth Sp. ...... 181
— longicaudata, Moore...... 398

TrocLtopytEs, Vell.

T. nipalensis, Hodgs.......... 181
-Pirra, Vievll.

P. cerulea, Raffles Sp. ...... 181

— nipalensis, Hodgs. Sp. ... 182

— cyanea, Blyth ............ 182

— cyanura, Gmel. Sp. ...... 183

— boschi, Will. et Schleg. 398
— avensis, J. H. Gray Sp. 398

— atricapilla, Cuv............. 399
— cucullata, Hartl. ......... 399
— cyanoptera, Lemme *...... 183
— bengalensis, Gmel. Sp.... 184
— granatina, Temm.......... 184

Hyprozpata, Vieill.
H. asiatica, Swains. Sp....... 185

Subfam. II. MERULINA.

PETROCINCLA, Vigors.
P. erythrogastra, Vigors ... 185

— pandoo, Sykes. ............ 186
— affinis, Blyth............... 187
— longirostris, Blyth ...... 409

OroceTEs, G. R. Gray.

QO. cinclorhynchus, Vig. Sp. 188
— saxatilis, Linn. Sp. ...... 189

BESSONORNIS, Smith.

B. semirufa, Riippell ......... 189

GrocicuLa, Kuhl.

G. citrina, Lath. Sp....... p
— cyanota, Jard. et Selby...

— innotata, Blyth............
— dissimilis, Blyth Sp.......

ZootHERA, Vigors.

Z. monticola, Vigors .........
— marginata, Blyth .........

OREOCINCLA, Gould.

O. varia, Horsf. Sp. .........
— dauma, Lath. Sp. .........
— lunulata, Lath. Sp. ......
— molissima, Blyth Sp.

Turpvus, Linn.

T’. viscivorus, Linn. .........
— strepitans, Smith .........
— pilaris, Linn.............+.-
— ruficollis, Pallas .........
— atrogularis, Temm. ......
— javanicus, Horsf. .........
— rufulus, Drapiez .........

Mervta, Leach.

M. boulboul, Lath. Sp.......
— mandarina, Bonap. Sp....
— simillima, Jerdon Sp......
— albocincta, Royle Sp.

— castanea, Grould............
— Wardi, Jerdon Sp.........
— olivacea, Linn. Sp. .....'

MytopHonus, Temm.

M. flavirostris, Horsf. aS
— cyaneus, Horsf. Spee:
— ceruleus, Scop. Sp. ......

xi

192
193
400

. 193

.. 198

. 198
199

Subfam. ITI. TIMALINA.

GARRULAX, Less.

G. Belangeri, Less. .........
— leucolophus, Hardw. Sp.
— chinensis, Scop. Sp. ......
— albogularis, Gould Sp...

— gularis, MeClell. Sp eteg3
— pectoralis, Gould Sp.
— moniliger, Hodgs. Sp. .

201
201
202
. 202
. 203

. 204

. 204

X1V

G. perspicillatus, Gmel. Sp. p.204
— cerulatus, Hodgs. Sp. ... 205
— ocellatus, Vigors S 205
— ruficollis,Jard. et Selby Sp. 205

Prerocycius, G. RL. Gray.

P. erythrocephalus, Vig. Sp. 206
— chrysopterus, Gould Re 206
— variegatus, Vigors Sp. ... 207

— affinis, Hodgs. Sp. ...... 207

— cachinnans, Jerd. Sp. ... 208

— imbricatus, Blyth Sp. ... 208

— lineatus, Vigors Sp. ...... 209
Kerropia, G. f. Gray.

K. striata, Vigors Sp.......... 209

T'ROCHALOPTERON, Hodgs.

T. pheniceum, Gould ae . 210
— rufogulare, Gould Sp. ... 210
— sinense, Linn. Sp......... 211
— squamatum, Gowld Sp.... 211
— subunicolor, Hodgs. ...... 211
— merulinum, Blyth Sp. ... 408
AcTINODURA, Gould. —

A. Egertoni, Gould ......... 212
— nipalensis, Hodgs. Sp. ... 212
CRATEROPUS, Swains.

C. limbatus, Rippell......... 214

Cinctosoma, Vig. et Horsf.
C. punctatum, Lath. Sp. ... 214

Srp1a, Hodgs.

S. picaoides, Hodgs. ......... 216
— gracilis, McClell. Sp. ... 216
— capistrata, Vigors Sp. ... 216

MALaAcocercus, Swazns.

M. subrufus, Jerd. Sp. ....... 217
— Malcolmi, Sykes Sp....... 218
— Somervillei, Sykes Sp. ... 219
— canorus, Linn. Sp. ...... 220
— griseus, Gmel. Sp. ...... 220
— nipalensis, Hodgs.......... 222
— Earlei, Blyth............... 222
— caudatus, Dum. Sp. ...... 223

SYSTEMATIC LIST

Dumet1A, Blyth.
D. albogularis, Blyth...... p. 403

PELLORNEUM, Swains.

P. ruficeps, Swains. ......... 224
Tricurxos, Lesson.
T. pyrrhopyga, Less.......... 404,

Turpinus, Blyth.
T. macrodactylus, Strickl.Sp. 225

Macrounvs, Jard. et Selby.
M. ptilosus, Jard. et Selby 225

Matacopreron, Hyton.

M. magnum, Eyton ......... 225
— coronatum, Miller Sp.... 226
Tricuastoma, Blyth.

T. Abotti, Blyth ......20 405
— bicolor, Less. Sp. ......... 226
— rostratum, Blyth ......... 405
— sepiaria, Horsf. Sp. ...... 226
AcrpPE, Blyth.

A. cinerea, Eyton Sp. ...... 406
— nipalensis, Hodgs. Sp. ... 226
— affinis, Blyth......0........ 406
— Cantori, Moore ............ 406
— magnirostris, MWoore...... 4.07
— striata, Blyth............... 407
Cur1a, Hodgson.

C. nipalensis, Hodgs.......... 227
TIMALIA, om
T. pileata, Horsf. . eer: |
— thoracica, Temm. ‘Sp. . 228
— maculatus, TOMM, . canes 228
nigricollis, Temm. ......... 228
— erythroptera, Blyth ...... 229

Mixornis, Hodgs.
-M. gularis, Raffles Sp. 229

— rubicapillus, Tickell ‘Sp. 229

OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES. XV.

Pycroruis, Hodgs. P. sinensis, Gmel. Sp. ... p. 246
P. sinensis, Gmel. Sp. ... p. 230 | — flaviventris, Tichkell Sp... 247
— longirostris, Hodgs. ...... 408 Ixipra, Blyth.

. Sracuyris, Hodgs. I. cyaniventris, Blyth ...... 247
S. nigriceps, Hodgs. ......... 231 Bracuypopius, Blyth.
ee oe ae | Detmncentnak Crt
Ee Vahedpas Bly ee pelt 409 econo stbtie Say ols 248

Mricrorarsvs, Hyton.

ERPORNIS, Hodgs. M. melanoleucos, Eyton ... 248

K. xantholeuca, Hodgs....... 232 | — olivaceus, Moore ......... 249
Pomarorninvs, Horsf — Cantori, Moore............ 409
P. montanus, Horsf. ......:.. 283 Microscetis, G. f. Gray.
— schisticeps, Hodgs. ...... 234 | M. amaurotis, Zemm. Sp.... 249
— leucogaster, Clowld ...... 234: u
— Horsfieldi, Sykes ......... 234 EMIX0S, Hodgs.
— erythrogenys, Vigors ... 284 | H. flavula, Hodgson ......... 250
— hypoleucos, Blyth Sp. ... 236 | — icterica, Strickl. Sp....... 250
— ruficollis, Hodgs. ......... 236
— ferruginosus, Blyth ...... 236 Spizixos, Blyth.
— superciliosus, Vig.et Horsf. 236 | §. canifrons, Blyth..........+. 251
" Xrpnornampuvs, Blyth. Crinicer, Zemm.
X. superciliaris, Blyth ...... 238 | ©. gularis, Horsf. Sp. ...... 252
— flaveolus, Gould Sp....... 252
— ochraceus, Moore ......... 252
pe Sa Re EN | Cantori, Moore ............ 410
Pyononorus, Kwhl. — we pee Re eh a ee
P. jocosus, Linn. Sp.......... ae ctaeete ee pas mean og
— pygeus, Hodgs. Sp. ...... 289 oie, Blyth.
— hemorrhous, Gmel. ‘Sp. 240 L of Blyth OBA
— nigropileus, Blyth......... AONE SS tala os et phi ao
— arsinoé, Lichst. Sp. ...... Mien ae
— crocorrhous, Strickl...... 241 ;
— leucotis, Gould Bad ia 242 elk a ee cali
sist leucogenys, fit. Gray Sp. IAP, H. psaroides, Vigors Som eiec ae 254
sary golavier, Scop. Sp. mii ol. IAI, _ Ganeesa, Sykes LB oe Sires tora 255
— luteolus, Less. Sp. ...... 243 | — McClellandi, AE eae 256
— simplex, Less. ............ 944 | — malaccensis, Blyth ...... 256
— flavescens, Blyth ......... 944, | — virescens, Temm. Sp. ... 256
— Finlaysoni, Strick. ...... 944, | — nicobariensis, Moore ... 257
— bimaculatus, Horsf. Sp... 244 :
— dispar, Horsf. Devin cinched ot 245 PHYLLORNIS, Bove.
— gularis, Gould Sp. ...... 245 | P. Hardwicki, Jard. et Selby

~ -—xantholemus, Jerdon ... 246 SDs OMEN. bids Gare 258

SYSTEMATIC LIST
Fam. IV. SYLVIAD A.
Subfam. I. SAXICOLINA.

Xvi

P. aurifrons, Temm. ...... p. 258

— Jerdoni, Blyth ............ 259

— javensis, Horsf. Sp. ...... 260

— cyanopogon, Zemm. ...... 410

— icterocephalus, Zemm.... 411
Yuuina, Hodgs.

Y. gularis, Hodgs............. 261

— occipitalis, Hodgs. ...... 261

— nigrimentum, Hodgs. ... 262
Ixutvus, Hodgs.

I. flavicollis, Hodgs. ......... 262

— occipitalis, Blyth ......... 411

— castaniceps, Moore ...... 411

Myzornis, Hodgs.
M. pyrrhoura, Hodgs. ...... 263

ZosteRors, Vig. et Horsf:

Z. flavus, Horsf. Sp.......... 263
— javanicus, Horsf. Sp. ... 263

— palpebrosus, Zemm. Sp. 263
Iona, Horsf.

I. scapularis, Horsf.......... 265

— typhia, Linn. Sp.......... 266

— zeylonica, Gmel. Sp. ... 266

Subfam. V. ORIOLINA.

OrioLus, Linn.
O. xanthonotus, Horsf....... 268

— melanocephalus, Linn.... 269
— monachus, Gmel. Sp. ... 269
— macrourus, Blyth ......... 270
— chinensis, Linn. ..:...... 270
— indicus, Brisson ......... 270
— hippocrepis, Wagler_ ... 271
— galbula, Linn. ............ 271
— Kundoo, Sykes............ 271
— Traillii, Vigors Sp. ...... 272
Irena, Horsf.
I. puella, Lath. Sp. ......... 273
— malayana, Moore ......... 274

Copsycuus, Wagler.

C. saularis, Linn. Sp. ......
— mindanensis, Gmel. Sp.

— amcenus, Horsf. Sp....... :

Kirtacincia, Gould.
K. macroura, Gimel. Sp.

Mytometa, Hodgs.
M. leucura, Hodgs. .........

GRaNDALA, Hodgs.
G. coelicolor, Hodgs. .........

THAMNOBIA, Swains.

T. fulicata, Linn, Sp. ......
— cambaiensis, Lath. Sp....
— melena, Riipp. Sp. ......

ZANTHOPYGIA, Blyth.
Z. narcissina, Temm. Sp. ...
— tricolor, Hartl. Sp. ......

PRATINCOLA, Koch.

P. caprata, Linn. Sp..........
— saturatior, Hodgs. Sp. ...
— sybilla, Gmel. Sp..........
— ferrea, Hodgs. Sp..........
— rubetra, Linn. Sp. ......

Saxicona, Bechst.
S. leucomela, Pallas Sp. ...

— picata, Blyth...............

— isabellina, Riipp. .........

Nittava, Hodgs.
N. sundara, Hodgson.........
— grandis, Blyth Sp. ......
— Macgrigorie, Burt. Sp.

OcuRoMELA, Blyth.
O. nigrorufa, Jerdon Sp. ...

» — pheenicuroides, Moore ... .

es é

OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES.

Cyornis, Blyth.

C. rubeculoides, Vig. Sp. p. 289
— banyumas, Horsf. Sp. ...

Cyanoprita, Blyth.

C. cyanomelana, Temm.

Sp.

Hypotuymis, Bote.

H. indigo, Horsf. Sp...

coe ree

— albicaudata, Jerd. Sp. ...

— melanops, Vigors Sp.

Srputa, Hodgs.

S. strophiata, Hodgs....

a

DicenzA, Hodgs.
D. superciliaris, Blyth Sp...

— tricolor, Hodgson ...

eee ree

— leucomelanura, Hodgs. ...

Muscicaruta, Blyth.
M. sapphira, Tickell Sp. ...

— maculata, Tickell Sp.

— superciliaris, Jerd. Sp....
— hemileucura, Hodgs. Sp.
OeOE
— albogularis, Blyth Sp. ...

— estigma, Hodgs. Sp.

290

291

291
292

. 292

293

293
294
294

295

... 296

296
296

297

ERYTHROSTERNA, Bonap.

E. leucura, Gmel. Sp.
— erythaca, Blyth......

wee ree

Erytuacus, Linn.

E. rubecula, Linn.......

Nemura, Hodgs.

N. rufilatus, Hodgs. ......... 299
— hyperythra, Blyth Sp.:.. 299
30

— Hodgsoni, Moore ...

Subfam. IT. PHILOMELINA.

Ruticiitia, Brehm.
R. pheenicura, Linn. Sp. ...

— tithys, Scop. Sp. ...
— nipalensis, Hodgson

”

ee tee

301
301
301
302

R. Hodgsoni, Moore ...... p. 808
— erythrogastra, Gildst.Sp. 304
— Vigorsi, Moore ............ 304
— aurorea, Pallas Sp. ...... 305
— leucoptera, Blyth ......... 305
— rufogularis, Moore ...... 306
— ceruleocephala, Vig. Sp. 807
— schisticeps, Hodgs. ...... 807
— nigrogularis, (Hodqs.)
ROO REMES tei sos ow maas=t 307
— frontalis, Vigors Sp....... 308
— fuliginosa, Vigors Sp. ... 308
— leucocephala, Vigors Sp. 309
Larvivora, Hodgs.
L. cyana, Hodgson............ 310
TaRsIGER, Hodgs.
T. chrysceus, Hodgson ...... 310
— superciliaris, (/odqs.)
Aipore MR AEN. es 311
CranecuLa, Brehm.
C. suecica, Linn. Sp.......... 311
CALLIOPE, Gould. -
C. camtschatkensis, G'mel.
PS, aa 313 °-
— pectoralis, Gould ......... 313

Subfam. ITT. SYLVIANA.

OrtHotomus, Horsf.
O. sepium, Horsf. ............ 314

— edela, Temminck .........
— flavoviridis, Moore ......
— cineraceus, Blyth .........
— longirostris, Swavs.......
— cucullatus, Zemm..........
— atrogularis, Temm. ......
— ruficeps, Lesson Sp.......
— longicauda, Gmel. Sp. ...

Prinia, Horsf.

P. familiaris, Horsf. .........
— flaviventris, Deless. Sp...

— socialis, Sykes
C

ee

2 - ™% =

=.
XV SYSTEMATIC LIST
a P. Hodgsoni, ‘Blyth ...... p-322|" Dumeticona, Blyth.
re = meme (Hodgs.) D. affinis, Hodgs. Sp. ... p. 884

. Tripura, Hodgs. *
T. lutéoventris, Hodyson® ... 835
> Horornis, Hodgs.

H. fulviventris, Hodgson .:. 335 _
— fuligiventer, Hodgson ... 385

. Horurrss, Hodgs.

H. pollicaris, Hodgson ...... 322
— schistilatus, Hodgson ... 323
~* brunnifrons, Hodgson ... 323
+. — major, (Hodgs.) Moore"323 |

Nuornis, Hodgs. PHyLLopnevste, Meyer. a
N. flavolivacea, Hodgson ... 824 | p. rama, Sykes Sp... B82 “F
” Cisticoua, Less. * Puytioscopus, Bote.
C. - cursitans, Frankl. Sp. ... 324 | P, tristis, Blyth «se yaeriees 336 *
. -— magnirostris, Blyth ...... 336
Suva, Hodgs. — lugubris, Bljth............ 337
S. ‘erinig , Hodgson ......... 325 | —viridanus, Blyth ......... 338
— faligitioeh, Hodgson ...... 326 | — brunneus, Blyth ......... 338
a atrogularis, Moore .%..... 326
_ — lepida, Blyth Sp. . . 827 ABRORNIS, Hodgs. & :
et | azasiticks anes - A. cantator, Zickell Sp. ... 838

— schisticeps, Hodgson...... 339

- wah ePnsies, Jerdon Sp. ... 827 | — xanthoschistos,Hodgs. Sp. 339

| ss ‘neglecta, Jougen Spe... 828 | — erochttoa, Hodgson ...... 340
— inornata, Sykes Sp. ...... 328 | — albogularis, (Hodgs.) ;
we ~ gz palida, Bh Cee RA eae 328 Moores. is. Le 340

— poliogenys, Blyth Sp. 340
— affinis, (Hodgs.) Moore a" ;
— Hodgsoni, Moore .........

' —p ychroa,"Zemin. Sp»... 328
F< — Pee tonsie, (Hodge. ) Moore829
Mueatvrus, re

_M. palustris, Horsf. .. 3307) Pigaegeg. 240

C. Burki, Burton Sp. ...... 3841
Rea@uioiweEs, Blyth. .

R. proregulus, Pallas Sp.... 342

343

it Cusitronnts, G. R. Gry
°C. striatus, Jerdon Spx ...... B30

pg tits a | — RIE See
: _| —chloronotus, Hodgs. Sp.
“ree Blyth Vas ba 33h) __ castaneoceps, Hodgs. Sp. 344
“Acrooupnazus, Wawn.. <4, ee Lath. |

"@ re WMtacecont Toxdoh % 8
— montanus Horsf. Sp. 3324)

— dumetorum, Biyth igh 332 . Linn. - *.
= = aghienrus, Yerdon i ae aS : Subiim IV: F MOTACHELINA,
CaLamopyTa, Meyer.” | Evicurvs, Temm.,. *
C, cinnamomea, Riipp....... 34, E. Leschenaulti, Proud. Sp ‘5
6 it Fd ,
& ° . - * <> os . D - Si : 4

tes oF

. 7 . : = ee oF a + 4 andl

OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES. xix

E. frontalis, Blyth......... p. 346 | A. variegatus, Blyth ...... p. 859
— schistaceus, Hodgson ... 846 | — modularis, Linn. Sp....... 360
— immaculatus, Hodgson... 346 | — strophiatus, Hodgson ... 360
— maculatus, Vigors......... 346 | — Huttoni, Moore............ 360
— velatus, Temm............. 847 | — rubeculoides (Hodgs.)

— Scouleri, Vigors............ 847 DE GOPE Misa a cisae keis's'ed + be 361

— immaculatus, Hodgson... 361
Moracitia, Linn.

M. maderaspatana, Briss.... 347
— alba, Linn. ............... 348 Fam. V. PIPRIDZ.

— luzoniensis, Scopoli ...... 348

— dukhunensis, Sykes ...... 349 | Subf. I. PACH YCEPHALINA.

CaLoBates, Kaup. PACHYCEPHALA, Swains.
C. sulphurea, Bechst. Sp.... 349 | P. pectoralis, Lath. Sp....... 362
— glaucura, Gould ......... 362
Bupytes, Cuv. — rufiventris, Lath. Sp. ... 363
Bi brividic, Grvel Slps is: sci. 850 | — Uvacem Mg, et Horgy,. 368
a Be bee, blake re PaRISOMA, Swazns.
— citreola, Pallas Sp. ...... 852 | P. Gallinieri, Guerin......... 363
Numonrcona, Blyth. Subf, II, LEIOTHRICHINA.
iecinal aaa Pe LEIorurix, Swains.
Antuvs, Bechst. L. luteus, Scopoli Sp. ...... 364
A. arboreus, Bechst. ......... 354 | — argentauris, Hodgs. Sp. 365
— agilis, Sykes .............0. 954 | — strigula, Hodgs. Sp....... 865
— Richardii, Vieillot......... 355 | — cyanoptera, Hodgs, Sp.... 366
— similis, Jerdon Sp. ...... 356 | — ignitincta, Hodgs. Sp. ... 866
— thermophilus, Hodgs. Sp. 356 | — castaniceps, Hodgs. Sp. 367
—rufulus, Vieillot ......... 356 | — cinerea, Blyth Sp.......... 367
— malayensis, Hyton......... 357 | — chrysceus, Hodgs. Sp. ... 367
— roseaceus, Hodgson ...... 357 | — Vinipectus, Hodgs. Sp.... 368
— aquaticus, Bechst.......... 358

Subfam. IT]. PARIANA.
Macronyx, Swazns.
Parus, Linn.

M. capensis, Linn. Sp....... 358
— flavicollis, Riippell ...... 358 | P. sultaneus, Hodgson ...... 369
— monticolus, Vigors ...... 369
Subfam. V. ACCENTORINA — cinereus, Vieillot ......... 370
" | — xanthogenys, Vigors...... 371
Accentor, Bechst. — bee a alae ee =
; be — melanolophus, Vigors ... 34%
A. alpinus, Gmel. Sp. ...... 858 | _ ~nibieveleeM Blyth fe I 372
— nipalensis, Hodgson ...... 359 | — dichrous, Hodgson ...... 372

d

xx SYSTEMATIC LIST

P. coeruleus, Zinn.......... p. 372
— ater, LAnn.... 0.0... ccccec ees

Sytviparvus, Burton.

S. modestus, Burton......... 373
OritEs, Mehr.
O. caudatus, Linn. Sp. ...... 373

— erythrocephalus, Vig. Sp. 374
— leucogenys, Moore 374
? — jouschistos, Hodgs. Sp. 375

eeeeee

Fatcuncuuus, Vieill.

F. leucogaster, Gould

Subf. TV. PARADOXORNINA.

Parapoxornis, Gould.

P. flavirostris, Gould......... 376
— unicolor, Hodgs. ......... 376

— ruficeps, oe eee 377
— gularis, Horsf. .. 377
Conostoma, Hodgs.

C. emodium, Hodgs.......... 377
SurHora, Hodgs.

S. nipalensis, Hodgs.......... 378
— fulvifrons, Hodgs.......... 378
— poliotis, Blyth ............ 379

Tribe III, CONIROSTRES.
Fam. I. FRINGILLID.
Subfam. I. LOXIANA.

Loxra, Linn.
L. himalayana, Hodge. ...... 453

Hamatospiza, Blyth.
H. Sipahi, Hodgs. Sp. _ 454

Propyrruvta, Hodgs.

P. subhimachalana, Hodgs. 454 | T. episcopus, Linn. .........

Pyrruvua, Mehr.

P. erythrocephala, Vigors p. 454
— nipalensis, Hodgs.......... 455

Pyrruopectss, Hodgs.

P. epauletta, Hodgs.......... 455
Carpropacus, Kaup.
C. erythrinus, Pallas ...... 456
Propasser, Hodgs.
P. rubicillus, Giildst. Sp. ... 457
—rhodochlamys, Brandt.
| EE ee 458
— rhodopeplus, Vigors Sp.... 458
— Thura, Bonap. Sp. ...... 459
— rhodochrous, Vigors Sp.... 459
— pulcherrimus, Hodgs. 460

Ruoporecuys, Cabanis.

R. sanguinea, Gould Sp. ... 460
Pyrruosriza, Hodgs.

P. punicea, Hodgs. ......... 461
Mycerosas, Cabanis.

M. melanoxanthus, Hodgs.
BPs ror :eaxvas- see 461

— - carnipes, Hodgs. Sp....... 462

HespreripHona, Bonap.

H. icterioides, Vigors Sp. ... 462
EorHona, Gould.
E. melanura, Gimel. Sp.......

Coccoruraustes, Briss.

C. vulgaris, Brass... 2.22.4...
— japonicus, Schlegel

Subfam. II. TANAGRINA.

TANAGRA, Linn.
463

OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES.

Subfam. ITT. ALAUDINA.

CERTHILAUDA, Swains.
C. desertorum, Stanley Sp. p. 464:

GALERIDA, Bove.

G. cristata, Linn. ............ 465
- Axaupa, Linn.
A. arvensis, Linn. . .. 466
— triborhyncha, Hodge. . 467
— malabarica, Scop. . . 467
— arborea, Linn. .........:.. 468
Orocoris, Bonap.
O. alpestris, Linn. Sp. ...... 469
— penicillata, Gould Sp. ... 469
— longirostris, (Gould)
Ms od vsdeet eae e oe 470
Me anocoryena, Bote.
M. calandra, Linn. Sp. ...... 470
~ Catanprina, Blyth.
C. torquata, Blyth............ 470

AxaupaLA, Blyth, MS.
A. Raytal, Haniilton Sp. ... 471

Coryruipea, Blyth.
C. calandrella, Bonelli Sp. 472

Mecatornonvs, Gray.
M. ruficeps, Rippell Sp. ... 473

Mrrarra, Horsf.
M. javanica, Horsf. ......... 474

— erythroptera, Jerdon...... A74
— affinis, Jerdon ............ 475
— cantillans, Jerdon ......... 4:76
— assamica, "McClelland . . 476

SpizaLaupa, Blyth,
S. Deva, Sykes Sp.

eee revrses

A77 | P. nivalis, Linn. Sp..........

xxi

ch GaN DADY Ot Cabanis.

A. pheenicura, Frankl. Sp.p. 477
— pheenicuroides, Blyth ... 478

PyrrauLaupa, Smith.

P. grisea, Scop. Sp. ......... 479
Subfam. IV. EMBERIZINA.
Spinus, Mehr.

S. miliarius, Linn. Sp. ...... 481
EmBErRIzA, Linn.

Ee cinlus, Zan. 482
— scheniclus, Linn. ......... 482
— pithyornis, Pallas......... 482
— Cia, Linn. . . . 483
— Stracheyi, Moore ......... 483
— Ciopsis, Bonap............. 483

— castaniceps, (Gould)
EGBG ao tae devel os 4 484:
— personata, Temm.......... 484:
— hortulana, Zinn. ......... 4.84
— Huttoni, Blyth............ 485
— Stewarti, Blyth............ 485,
Kuspiza, Bonap.
E. simillima, Blyth ......... 486
— luteola, Sparrm. Sp....... 486
— variabilis, Temm. Sp. ... 487
— aureola, Pallas Sp. .. 487
— fucata, Pallas Sp.......... 488.
Ocyris, Hodgs.
O. oinopus, Hodgs. ......... 488

MEtopuus, Swains.

M. melanicterus, Gmel. Sp. 489
CENTROPHANES, Kaup.

C. lapponica, Linn. Sp.......

PiectropHaNnes, Meyer.
490

XX1l
Subfam. V. FRINGILLINA.
F. montifringilla, Linn.... p. 491

Montirrincitia, Brehm.

M. nivalis, Briss. Sp. ...... 491
FRINGALAUDA, Hodgs.
F. nemoricola, Hodgs. ...... 491
ProcarDvuELis, Hodgs.
P. nipalensis, Hodgs.......... 492
CaRDUELIS, Briss.

C. elegans, Stephens ......... 493
— caniceps, Vigors ......... 493
Curysomitris, Bote.

C. spinoides, Vigors Sp. ... 493

Dryospiza, Keys et Bi.
D. nigriceps, Riipp. Sp. ... 494

Metoronta, Bonap.

M. pusilla, Pallas Sp. ...... 494.
Aieiotuus, Cabanis.
ZK. linarius, Linn. Sp. ...... 495
Linora, Bonap.

L. brevirostris, Gould ...... 496
— montium, Gmel. Sp....... 496
Perronia, Kaup.

P. stulta, Gimel. Sp. ......... 497

Gymwnoris, Hodgs.
G. flavicollis, Frankl. Sp.... 497

Pyreirorsis, Bonap.

P. simplex, Swains. Sp.......

Passer, Briss.
P. indicus, Jard. et Selby ... 499

SYSTEMATIC LIST

P. cinnamomeus, Gould Sp.p. 500

— montanus, Linn. Sp. ... 500

— salicicola, Viedll. Sp....... 501
Pouiospiza, Schiff.

P. tristriata, Riipp. Sp....... 502
EstreLpa, Swains.

I. amandava, Linn. Sp....... 502
— punicea, Horsf. Sp. ...... 508
ErytHrura, Swains.

E. prasina, Sparrm. Sp....... 503
Pappa, Reichenb.

P. orizivora, Linn. Sp. ...... 504
Monta, Hodgs.

M. maja, Linn. Sp. ......... 505
— punctularia, Linn. Sp. ... 505
— undulata, Lath. Sp. ...... 506
— malacca, Linn. Sp. ...... 507
— rubroniger, Hodgs. ...... 507
—- sinensis, Briss. Sp. ...... 508
— malabarica, Linn. Sp. ... 508
— leucogastroides, Moore... 510
— acuticauda, Hodgs. ...... 510
— striata, Linn. Sp.......... 511
Hypocuera, Bonap.

H. ultramarina, Gmel. Sp. 5138
Stecanura, Reichenb.

S. sphenura, Verr. Sp. ...... 518

Procevs, Cuvier.
P. hypoxanthus, Daud. Sp. 513

— Manyar, Horsf. Sp. ...... 514

— bengalensis, Linn. Sp.... 515

— Baya, Blyth ............... 515
PyrRoMELANA, Bonap.

P. oryx, Linn. Sp....--.... 2; 519

— xanthomelas, Aupp....... 519

OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES.

HyrHantornis, Gray.

H. vitellina, Licht. Sp...
— galbula, Riipp. Sp. ...... 520
Sycosius, Vievll.

S. melanotis, Lafr. Sp....... 520

PuiocropasseR, Smith.

P. melanorhynchus, Riipp.. 520

AcRopHILus, Swains.
A. superciliosus, Riipp. Sp. 521

TEXTOR, Temm.

T. Dinemelli, Horsf... . 621
— erythrorhynchus, Smith . 521

Fam. II. STURNIDZ.
Subfam. II. BUPHAGINA.

Burnaca, Linn.

B. erythrorhyncha, Stanley
Pee en Neth tak te ais ote 522

Beam: Ill. EULABETINA.

Evases, Cuvier.

K. religiosa, Linn. Sp. .:.... 522

— intermedia, Hay ., teats 523

— javanensis, Osbeck Sp. ... 524
AmPe.iceps, Blyth.

A. coronatus, Blyth ......... 525

Subfam. IV, STURNINA.
Sturnvs, Linn.
S. vulgaris, Linn. ............ 525

Srurnopastor, Hodgs.
S. contra, Linn. Sp. ......... 526

Gracurpica, Less.

G. nigricollis, Payk. Sp. ... 528

XxXill

TreMENucHUs, Cabanis.

.p. 519 | T. pagodarum, Gimel. Sp. p. 528

— malabaricus, Gmel. Sp.... 5380
— Blythi, Jerdon peers 531

AcRIDOTHERES, Vieill.
A, tristis, Zinn: Sp. ......... 532

— ginginianus, Lath. Sp.... 535

— cristatellus, Linn. Sp. ... 536

— javanicus, Cabanis......... 536

— fuscus, Wagler Sp. ...... 537

Pastor, Temm.
P. roseus, Linn. Sp. ......... 539
— melanopterus, Daud. Sp. 542
Subfam. V. _
PTILONORHYNCHINA.
Catornis, Gray.

C. chalybeus, Horsf. Sp. ... 543

— affinis, Hay ............... 544

— dauricus, Pallas Sp....... 544
SaracLossa, Hodgs.

8. spiloptera, Vigors Sp. ... 545

PyrrHocnerra, Reichend. —

P. Riippelli, Verr. Sp. ...... 546
PitorHinus, Cabanis.

P. albirostris, Riipp. Sp. ... 546
Lamproco.ivs, Sund.

L. cyaniventris, Blyth ...... 546

— superbus, Riipp. Sp....... 547

Fam. IJ. CORVIDAL.
Subfam. I. PARADISEANA.
PaRapDIsEA, Linn.
P. rubra, Vieill. ............... 548
Subfam. II. FREGILINA.

. Freeiius, Cuvier.
F. graculus, Linn. Sp. ...... 549

XXIV
Pyrruocorax, Vieill.
P. alpinus, Viedll. ......... p. 549

Subfam. IIT. CORVINA.
Pica, Briss.

P. caudata, Ray............... 550
— bactriana, Bonap.......... 550
— media, Blyth............... 551

— bottanensis, Delessert ... 551

Corvu.tur, Lesson.

C. crassirostris, Riipp. ...... 552

Corvus, Linn.

OF Ol: an 07) 552
— tibetanus, Hodgs.......... 553
— Corone, Linn. ............ 553
— Cornix, Linn. ............ 553
— culminatus, Sykes......... 553

— sinensis, (Gould) Moore 556

— pectoralis, Gould ......... 557
— affinis, Riippell ............ 557
— capensis, Licht............. 557
— frugilegus, Linn. ......... 557
— pastinator, Gould ......... 558
— tenuirostris, Moore ...... 558
— Enca, Horsf. Sp. ......... 558
— splendens, Vieill. ......... 559
Cotorvus, Kaup.
C. Monedula, Linn. Sp. ... 562

— daurica, Pallas Sp. ...... 563
Nucirraca, Briss.

eeeewerece

N. hemispila, Vigors
Subfam. IV. GLAUCOPINA.
Piatysmurus, Reichenb.

P. leucopterus, Temm. Sp.... 564

CrypsirRHINA, Vieill.
C. varians, Latham Sp....... 564

Denprocitta, Gould.
D. rufa, Scopoli Sp. ......... 565

SYSTEMATIC LIST

D. pallida, Blyth ......... 568
— sinensis, Lath. Sp. ...... 568
— frontalis, WeClell.......... 569
— leucogastra, Gould ...... 570

Subfam. V. GARRULINA.

Coractias, Linn.

C. garrula, Linn. »...... 2.120: 570
— abyssinica, Gimel.......... 571

— pilosa, LGth.... ..s0.0+-05 MO
— indica, Linn................ 571
— affinis, MeClell. ......... 574

PuiatyLopuus, Swains.
P. galericulatus, Cuvier Sp. 574

Cissa, Bote.
C. sinensis, Briss. Sp. ...... 575

Urocissa, Cabanis.

U. sinensis, Linn. Sp. ...... 577
— flavirostris, Blyth Sp. ... 578

GarruLus, Briss.

G. glandarius, Linn. Sp. ... 578
— bispecularis, Vigors ...... 579
— lanceolatus, Vigors ...... 579

Fam. IV. BUCERIDA.
Subfam. I. BUCEROTINA. -

Bucorvus, Less.
B. abyssinicus, Gel. Sp.... 581

Rutnorxax, Gloger.

R. scutatus, Bodd. Sp. ...... 581
Buceros, Linn.
B. Rhinoceros, Linn. ...... 582
Homratvs, Bonap.
H. bicornis, Linn. Sp. ...... 583
Hyprocissa, Bonap.
H. coronata, Bodd. Sp....... 588

OF THE GENERA AND

H. albirostris, Shaw Sp. p. 589
— convexa, Temm. Sp....... 591
— malayana, Raffles Sp. ... 592
— nigrirostris, Blyth Sp.... 593

ANORRHINUS, Reichenb.

A. galeritus, Zemm. Sp. ... 594

BrERENIcorNis, Bonap.

B. comatus, Raffles Sp....... 594
Tocxus, Lesson.
ii sgl geen Temm.
Sphuagh. 2 Sees tae bm DOO
— flavirostris, Riipp. “Ba: . 596
— nasutus, Linn. Sp. . 596
— limbatus, Riipp. Sp....... 596

— melanoleucus, Licht. Sp. 597

— birostris, Scop. Sp. ...... 597
Ruyticeros, Reichend.

R. plicatus, Lath. Sp. ...... 598
— subruficollis, Blyth ...... 600
Aczros, Hodgs.

A. nipalensis, Hodgs. ...... 601

Fam. V. MUSOPHAGIDA.
Subfam. Il. MUSOPHAGINA.

Turacus, Cuvier.

T. albocristatus, Strickl. ... 604
— leucotis, Riipp. Sp. . 604
Scuizoruis, Wagl.

S. leucogastra, Riipp. ...... 604
— personata, Aipp. ......... 605

Subfam. IIT. COLIINA.

Coutus, Briss.

C. striatus, Gumel. ............
—— macrourus, Linn. Sp. ...

605
606

SPECIES. XXV

Tribe IV. SCANSORES.
Fam. I. PSITTACIDA.
Subfam. I. CACATUINA.

Cacatua, Briss.
C. sulphurea, Gmel. Sp. p. 607

Subfam. II. PSITTACINA.

PaocerHatus, Swains.

P. rufiventris, Ripp.......... 607
Psrrracuta, Briss.
P. Taranta, Stanley Sp....... 607

Tanyenatuus, Wagl.
T. sumatranus, Raffles Sp. 608

Psrrrinvs, Blyth.
P. malaccensis, Lath. Sp. ... 608

Subfam. IIT. PALZORNINA.

Pat#ornis, Vigors.

P. Alexandri, Linn. Sp.....:. 610
— torquatus, Briss. Sp. ... 611
— columboides, Vigors ...... 614
— schisticeps, Hodgs. ...... 615

— cyanocephalus, Linn. Sp. 616
— longicauda, Bodd. Sp. ... 618

— erythrogenys, Blyth...... 620

— caniceps, Blyth............ 621

— Osbecki, Lath. Sp. ...... 622
Priatycercus, Vigors.

P. eximius, Shaw Sp.......... 624
Aprosmictus, Gould.

A. scapulatus, Bechst. ...... 624

Subfam. IV. LORIINA.

Kcrectus, Wagl.
EK. grandis, Gel. Sp. ...... 624:

XXVl

Mascarinus, Less.
M. polychloros, Scop. Sp. p. 625

Loricutvs, Blyth.

L. galgulus, Linn. Sp. ...... 626
— vernalis, Sparrm. Sp. ... 627
— asiaticus, Lath. Sp. ...... 628
Eos, Wagl.
E. rubra, Gmel. Sp. ......... 629
Lorivs, Briss.
L. philippensis, Briss. ...... 629
— domicella, Linn. Sp....... 630

Tricuoc ossus, Vig. et Horsf.
T. Nove Hollandiz, Gmel.

— ornatus, Gel. Sp. ...... 631
Subfam. V. MACROCERCINA.
ConuRUs, Kuhl.

C. cyanolyseos, Mol. Sp. ... 631
Fam. II. RAMPHASTIDA.
Rampuastos, Linn.

R. piscivorus, Linn. ......... 634

Preroexossvs, Jil. .
P. Aracari, Linn. Sp.
Fam. TI. PICIDA.

Subfam. I. MEGALAIMINA.

Larmopon, Gray.

L. Salti, Stanley Sp. ......... 685
Merecaraima, Gray.

M. virens, Bodd. Sp.......... 635

— lineata, Vieill. Sp. ...... 636

— McClellandi, Moore ...... 637

— caniceps, Frankl. Sp. ... 637

' SYSTEMATIC LIST

M. zeylanica, Gmel. - <A 638
— viridis, Gmel. Sp... . 639

Cuotorga, Bonap. ,
C. javensis, Horsf. Sp. ....... 640
— chrysopogon, Temm. “Sp. 640
— versicolor, Raffles Sp. ... 640
— mystacophanos, Temm. Sp. 641

Cyanors, Bonap.

C. asiatica, Lath. Sp.......... 641
— Franklinii, Blyth Sp. ... 643
— Henrici, Zemm. Sp. ...... 648

XANTHOLZMA, Bonap.

X. indica, Lath. Sp. ......... 644
— rubricapilla, Gel. net . 646
— rosea, Cuvier Sp. ......... 646
— malabarica, Blyth ‘Sp. . . 647
— Duvaucelli, Less. ait . 647
— australis, Hors. Sp. ...... 648

Mercatornyncuvs, Eyton.
M. Hayii, Gray............... 648

TracHyPHonvus, Ranz.

T. margaritatus, Ripp. Sp. 649

Subfam. II. PICINA.

Hemicercus, Swains.

H. concretus, Reinw. Sp....
— canente, Less. Sp..........
ReiInwarptipicvus, Bonap.

R. validus, Reinw. Sp. ...:.. 650

Muttertricus, Bonap.
M. pulverulentus, Zemm.Sp. 651
— javensis, Horsf. Sp....... 652
Curysocotaptes, Blyth.

C. sultaneus, Hodgs. Sp. ... 653
— strictus, Horsf. Sp. ...... 654

OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES.

BracHypPtTeRnvs, Strickl.

B. aurantius, Linn. Sp.... p. 654
— chrysonotus, Less. Sp.... 656
— ceylonus, Forster Sp. ... 656

Curysonotus, Swains.

C. Tiga, Horsf: Sp. ......... 657
— intermedius, Blyth Sp.... 657
— Shorei, Vigors Sp. ......
— Rafflesi, Vigors Sp. ......

DENDROBATES, Swains.
D. xthiopicus, Ripp. Sp.... 659
— immaculatus, Swaims. ... 659

Gercinus, Bove.

G. Guerini, Math. Sp. ...... 659
— squamatus, Vigors......... 659
— dimidiatus, Zemm. Sp.... 660

— viridanus, Blyth ......... 660
— striolatus, Blyth ......... 660
— occipitalis, Vigors Sp. ... 661
— aflinis, Raffles Sp.......... 662

CHRYSOPHLEGMA, Gould.

C flavinucha, Gould ......... 662
— chlorolopha, Vievll. ...... 662
Grcinuuus, Blyth.

G. Grantia, McClell. Sp. ... 663
Veniiia, Bonap.

V. punicea, Horsf. Sp....... 664
— miniata, Forster Sp....... 664
— mentalis, Zemm. Sp....... 665
— melanogaster, Hay Sp.... 665
— pyrrhotis, Hodgs. Sp. ... 666

Microprernvs, Blyth.

M. badius, Raffles Sp. ...... 666
— phaioceps, Blyth 667

eeereas eee

Meteztyrrers, Swains.
M. tristis, Horsf. Sp.

XXVil

M. brunneus, Hyton Sp....p. 668

— jugularis, Blyth............ 669
Picus, Linn.
Pomajor, Langs). 44408 425<¢ 669
— Cabanisi, Malh............. 670

—himalayanus, Jard. et
Bebra. Lahiecnpapreaa 670
— scindeanus, (Could)
MOON). vatis.« veg Seas 671
— majoroides, Hodgs. ...... 671
— leuconotus, Bechst. ...... 671
— Maceli, Vieill. ............ 672
—analis, Temm. ............ 672
— cathpharius, Hodgs....... 673
Lertopicus, Bonap.
L. mahrattensis, Lath. Sp.... 674

— brunnifrons, Vigors Sp.... 674

Hyvoricus, Bonap.

H. hyperythrus, Vigors Sp. 675

Yunerpicus, Bonap.
Y. moluccensis, Gmel. Sp. 675
— pygmeus, Vigors Sp. ... 676
— canicapillus, Blyth Sp.... 677
Vivia, Hodgson.
V.innominata, Burton Sp. 677

Sas1a, Hodgson.

S. abnormis, Temm. Sp. ... 678
— ochracea, Hodgson

Ce

Subfam. ITI. YUNCINA.
Y. torquilla, Linn.............

Subfam. [V. INDICATORINA.

Inpicator, Vierll.

I. Sparmanni, Steph..........
€

XXVill SYSTEMATIC LIST

Fam. IV. CUCULIDA. Hirrococcyx, Miiller.
Subfam. II. CENTROPINA. | H. sparveroides,Vigors Sp.p. 699
— varius, Vahl Sp. ......... 700
Crentrorvs, Liliger.
C. superciliosus, Riipp.... p. 681 Cucurus, Linn.
monachus, Rupp.......... 681 | ©, canorus, Linn. ....0..0.--. 702
— rufipennis, L/liger......... am Horsfieldi, Moore ......... 703
pe viniiseen, 4 ep ae — striatus, Draptez ......... 703
ee Cae oe oe — himalayanus, Vigors...... 704
Taccocua, Lesson. — poliocephalus, Lath....... 704
T. Sirkee, Gray Sp. ......... 687 Curysococcyx, Boie.
— infuscata, Blyth ......... 687
C. smaragdineus, Swains.
brane ty. ae pee tie
— Klasii, Cuv. Sp.............
ee ee _ Hodgsoni, Moore 2. 705
Puenicopnuaus, Vieill. — eee Horsf. Le
P. curvirostris, Shaw Sp. ... 687 | — malayanus, Raffles Sp... 706
— melanognathus, Horsf... 688 | — jucidus, Gmel. Sp........-. 706

ZANCLOSTOMUS, Swains. Te basalis, Horsf. Sp. ...... 107

Z. javanicus, Horsf. Sp....... 688 Evupynamys, Vig. et Horsf.
— sumatranus, Ftaffles Sp. 689

— Diardi, Lesson Sp. ...... 690 EK. orientalis, Linn. Sp....... 707
— viridirostris, Jerdon ...... 690
— tristis, Lesson Sp.......... 691 Fam. V. TROGONIDZ.
Berepaens, 7 1ore- Hareactss, Swains.
R. chlorophea, Raffles Sp.... 692 | t7 vutilus, Vieill. Sp. ...... 712
— Hodgsonii, Gould......... 713
Rp AG BP U LUN Meas she fasciatus, Gmel. Sp. ...... 714
CoccystgEs, Gloger. — Kasumba, Raffles Sp. ... 715
— Diardi, Temm. Sp. ...... 716

C. coromandus, Linn. Sp.... 693 | — Oreskios, Zemm. Spicy 716
— melanoleucos, Gmel. Sp. 694 | — Reinwardti, Temm. Sp.... 716

S ion,
SUE ae eee Tribe V. TENUIROSTRES.
S. lugubris, Horsf. Sp...2... 695

— dicruroides, Hodgs. Sp. 696 Fam. I. CERTHIAD 2.

Porypuasia, Blyth. Subfam. CERTHIINA.

P. merulina, Scopoli Sp. ... 697
— tenuirostris, Gray Sp. ... 698 _ Ruowator, Blyth.
— Sonneratii, Lath. Sp....... 699 | R. malacoptilus, Blyth ...... 717

OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES. XX1X

Crertuia, Linn. A. modesta, Hyton......... p. 730

© himblayauien Pigepeessian 748 | FT pusilla, Blyth .......0046. 730

— nipalensis, Hodgs.......... 718

— discolor, Blyth ............ 718 Airnoryea, Cabanis.
: fA, Siparaja, Raffles Sp. ... 731
Papnopneit a, tie — Miles, Hodgs. Sp.......... 732
T, muraria, Linn. .).......... fia bo Vigorsi, Sykes Sp........4. 733
~ | — Gouldie, Vigors Sp....... 733

— ignicauda, Hodgs. Sp. ... 734
— nipalensis, Hodgs. Sp. ... 735
— saturata, Hodgs. Sp....... 735

Subfam. SITTINA.

Srrra, Linn. — eximia, Horsf. Sp. ...... 736

S. cxsia, Wolf et Meyer ... 720 ?Tacazze, Riipp. Sp. ...... 736
— himalayensis, Jard. et

DLE? Uaeen le el ee amy 91) Cinnyris, Cuv.
— syriaca, Hhrenb. ......... 721 a
— leucopsis, Gould ......... 721 | C. abyssinica, Zhrenb. Sp.... 736
— castaneoventris, Frankl. 721
— cinnamoventris, Blyth ... 722 NecrariniA, Jil.

DENDROPHILA, Swains. N. cruentata, Riippell ...... 737

— affinis, Riippell............ 737
D. frontalis, Horsf. Sp........ 722 en oie

ANTHREPTES, Swains.

Fam. II. UPUP : |
am UPUPIDA: A. malaccensis, Scop. Sp.*... 737

Urvura, Linn. — hypogrammica, Miller
: os) p eat te Ds nee Oa eRe 738
Uy Bpops, Lanne: 0. 055 4. 723
—nigripennis, (Gould) . 9.
Moore ee tabi RR 725 earner: Cananes
C. pectoralis, Horsf. Sp. ... 739
Irissor, Lesson. — flammaxillaris, Blyth ... 739
I. erythrorhynchus, Latham
Reis a NS Grad tct sce a4. 726 Leprocoma, Cabanis.
L. Hasselti, Temm. Sp....... 740
Rurnoromastss, Smith. — zeylonica, Linn. Sp....... 740
R. cyanomelas, Vieill. Sp.... 727 | — minima, Sykes Sp. ...... 742

Fam. III. NECTARINIDA. ARACHNECHTHRA, Cabanis.

ARACHNOTHER A, Temm. A, lotenia, Linn. Sp. Perey 743
— asiatica, Latham Sp....... 743
A. magna, Hodgs. ............ 727 | _ chaleostetha, Jardine Sp. 746
— flavigaster, Hyton ......... 728
— Temmincki, Moore ...... 728 :
ay Pah ee EU ee Cuatcoparia, Cabanis.

— affinis, acs .... 729 | C. pheenicotis, Zemm. Sp.... 747

XXX SYSTEMATIC LIST OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES.

Diczvum, Cuv. Myzantue, Hodgs.

D. coccineum, Scop. Sp....p. 748 | M. ignipectus, Hodgson...p. 751
— rubrocanum, Zemm....... 748

— trigonostigma, Scop. Sp. 748 Prionocuivs, Strickl. ~
— minimum, Tickell Sp. .... 750
—chrysorrheum, Zemm. P. percussus, Temm. Sp. ... 751

oy RR 3k RR Ta 751 | — maculatus, Zemm.......... 752

CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS

IN THE

MUSEUM OF THE EAST-INDIA COMPANY.

PP LDL PDP PAIL LPP LODO

Class AVES.

Ordo 1. RAPTORES, Vigors.
ACCIPITRES, Linn.

Fam. I. VULTURIDA, Vigors.
Subfam. VULTURINA, Bonap.

Genus Vuttur, Mehr., Av. Gen. p. 50 (1752). Linn. S. N.
(1756).
ierrrus, Sav., Descr. de V Egyp. H. N. I. p.73 (1809).
PotyetEeryx, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 81.

1. VULTUR MONACHUS, Linn.
Vultur monachus, Linn. S. N. J. p. 122. Shaw, Zool.
VAT. », 19; 7. 7. Lath. Hist. I. p. 30... Gould,
Birds of Eur. t.2. J. B. Gray & Hardw., Ill. Ind.
Zool. I. t. 15, f. 2. Geo. Rob. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p. 5; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 4. Hodgs., Cat.
Nep. Birds, p. 38. Blyth, Cat. Birds Mus. A. 8.

Beng. p.32. C. L. Bonaparte, Conspectus Generum
Avium, p. 11.

Vultur cinereus, Gimel., S. NV. LZ. I. p. 247.

Vultur imperialis, Zemm., Pl. Col. 426.

Polypteryx cupido, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 81.

Crested Black Vulture, Hdw., Birds, t. 290.

~ Arabian Vulture, Lath.

A. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
b

2 CATALOGUE.

Genus Oroayps, G. R. Gray, List Gen. of Birds (1841), p. 2.
Hemieyrs, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 81.
Vuutur, Linn. Sykes. Jerdon. Bonap.

2. OTOGYPS CALVUS, Scop. Sp.

Vultur calvus, Scop., Del. Flor. et Faun. Insub. p. 85.
Sonnerat, Voy. Ind. t. 104. Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 10.

Otogyps calvus, G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 6; Cat.
B. Brit. Mus. p. 5. Hodgs., Cat. Nep. B. p. 38.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 32.

Vultur pondicerianus, Daud., Tr. d Orn. II. p.11. Lath,
Hist. I. p. 22. Temm., Pl. Col. 2. Sykes, P. Z. 8.
(1832), p. 77. Jerd., Madr. Journ. Lit. Set. X.
p. 638.

Hemigyps pondicerianus, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 81. G. & H. Ill. Ind. Zool. I. t.15, f. 1.

The Pondicherry Vulture, Lath.

Mvtzia-Gipu (Priest-Vulture), Hind., Blyth.

Lar-mata Suvuxuni (Red-headed Vulture), Beng., Blyth.

Soxuni, Mongopur, Dr. &. (B.) Hamilton.*

Ras Sogon or Ras Grp, Bhagulpore, zd.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
b. Darjeeling. Presented by J. T. Pearson, Esq.

Colonel Sykes states of this bird, “mostly solitary, and seldom, if
ever, saw more than two together.’’—(P. Z. 8., 1832, p. 77.) “Two
or three may, however, be found hunting eons over high, rocky,
and bushy hills.”—(Jerd., Madr. J. L. 8. X. p. 64.) Mr. Blyth
asserts “that this species is only seen singly or in pairs, never in
flocks. Upon one of these descending on a carcase whereon a crowd
of V. bengalenses were gorging, these all make way for it, and keep
aloof till it is gone (so, at least, I have repeatedly been informed) ;
whence it currently bears the name of King Vulture amongst our
countrymen.”—(Ann. Nat. Hist. XII. p. 93.)

* “Tn Bengal, two kinds of Vulture, nearly of the same size and exactly of the
same manners, are very common. They build in very tall trees and feed on
carrion ; when full they are lazy and imactive, and every motion when on the
ground is awkward. They move from one place to another by hopping, which
they perform with so much difficulty that they often expand their wings to enable
them to move faster. They take wing with great difficulty, but when once raised
into the air they fly very high, and soar with great facility. Their scream is very
disagreeable, and both species are equally vile and abominable, being covered with

CATALOGUE. a

3. OTOGYPS AURICULARIS, Daud. Sp.
Vultur auricularis, Daud., Zr. @ Orn. 11. p.10. Le Vaill.,
Ois. d’ Afr. t.9. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 10.
Otogyps auricularis, G. R. Gray, Inst Gen. of Birds
(1841), p. 2; Genera of Birds, I. p. 6; Cat. B.
Brit. Mus. p. 5.
? Vultur nubicus, H. Smith. Griff, An. Kingd. I. t.
p. G4. 3
? Vultur egyptius, Zemm., Pl. Col. 407, jun.
The Sociable Vulture.

A. b.c. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Subfam. GYPINA, Blyth.

Genus Gyps, Savigny, Descr. de l’Egyp. Hist. Nat. (1809),
pay ag
Vouuitur, Keyserling et Blasius.

4.GYPS FULVUS, Giel. Sp.

Vultur fulvus, Gimel., S. N. Z. I. p. 249. Lath., Hist.
Lope dt. Larrell, Bro. Bol. p. 1.

Gyps fulvus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 6; Cat. B.
Brit. Mus. p.6. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p.37. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 32. Bonap., 0. G. Av.
p- 10.

? Vultur Kolbii, Daud., Tr. d’ Orn, I. p. 15.

The Fulvous Vulture, Lath.

A. Assam. From William Griffith’s Collection.
B. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

dirt and vermin. As no one disturbs them, they are not shy, but are cowardly
birds, giving way to dogs, jackals, and even crows. Among themselves when
about prey, they have constant squabbles,—screaming and hissing at each other,
but they do not fight.”—(Extract from Dr. F. (Buchanan) Hamilton’s Notes on
Indian Birds.) The two kinds of Vulture above referred to by Dr. F. (B.) Hamil-
ton are Gyps (Vultwr) bengalensis of Gmelin, the Changoun of Vieillot and Le
Vailliant, and the Otogyps (Vultur) calvus of Scopoli, the Vultwr pondicerianus of
authors. Dr. Hamilton confirms Mr. Blyth’s statement above mentioned, that
the Changoun always pays the other the compliment of allowing it to eat first,
on which account, in the Hindi language, the last is called Raj Sogon or Raj
Gidh, for Raj signifies Royal; and the Changoun in that language is called simply
Sogon or Gidh. Changoun or Sogon is nothing else than the Sanskrit Sakun, a
bird in general. Raj-Sakun is the King-bird. Gidh is the vernacular form of the
Sanskrit Gridhra, a Vulture ; Raj Gidh, therefore, is the King- Vulture,

4 CATALOGUE.

5. GYPS VULGARIS, Savigny.

Gyps vulgaris, Sav., Deser. de lV Eqyp. H. N. I. p. 71.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 10.
Vultur Kolbii, Oretzschm, (nec Daud.) Riipp., Atlas, t. 32.
‘Vultur Riippelii, Vatterer, Mus. Vindob.
Vultur fulvus Riippelii, Schlegel.
Gyps fulvus, apud Gray et Blyth.

A. b. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

6. GYPS INDICUS, Scop. Sp.

Vultur indicus, Scop., Del. Flor. et Faun. p. 85. Temm.,
Pl. Col. 26. Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1882) p. 77.

Gyps indicus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 33.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 10.

The Indian Vulture, Lath.

Manan Duon of the Mahrattas, Sykes.

GEEDH or GipH, Hind.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
b. c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“ These vultures congregate in flocks of twenty or thirty. Ona
dead camel, or horse, or bullock, being thrown out on the plain,
numbers of them are found assembled round it in an incredibly short
time, although they may not have been seen in the neighbourhood
for weeks before. The proportional length of the intestine to the
body of these birds, is three to one.” —(Sykes, P. Z. 8., 1832, p. 77.)

7. GYPS BENGALENSIS, Gmdl. Sp.

Vultur bengalensis, Gmel., S. WN. LZ. I. p. 245, jun.
Lath. Hist. I. p. 24. Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1882),
p. 78. Hutton, Journ. A. S. B. VI. p.112. G.
& H. Lil. Ind. Zool. I. ¢. 15, jun.

Gyps bengalensis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.6;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 6. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p. 38. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 33.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p.10. Gould, Birds of Asia, t. 35.

Vultur changoun, Daud., Tr. d’Orn. II. p. 14, adult.
Vieill. Now. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. XXXYV. p. 248.

Vultur leuconotus, G. & H. Ill. Ind. Zool. I. t. 14, adult.

The Bengal Vulture, Lath.

GerEDH of the Mahrattas, Sykes.

CATALOGUE. 5

GipuH, Hind., Hutton.
Cuanaoun, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton.
Lrneta, Arracan, Blyth.

A. B. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

“The Bengal Vulture is a gregarious bird, to the full extent of the
word, not only flying and feeding in flocks, but also building its nest
in company.” Lieutenant Hutton gives the following remarks on the
nest and young of this vulture :—“On the 8th December, 1833, I
found four vultures’ nests in a large barkat-tree, near the village of
Futtehgurh, on the road from Neemuch to Mhow. * These nests were
of great thickness, and were constructed of small branches and twigs,
mixed with dead leaves; three of them contained one egg each, of a
large size, and quite white. The fourth nest was occupied by a
solitary young one, just hatched, and thinly clad, or rather sprinkled
over with a short down of an ashy colour. Near this tree were two
others, on each of which were three or four similar nests; but as
they were difficult of access, I did not ascertain their contents.
Deeming the little one too young to take from the nest, I ordered
my servant, who had climbed the tree, to leave it there, and on the
21st of the same month I returned to the spot, and finding the bird
still in the nest, made a prize of it, and bore it away to my tent.
The old vultures offered not the slightest resistance, but sat stupidly
watching the robbery we were committing. On offering the young
vulture raw meat, it fed greedily, and gave me reason to believe that
it would be no difficult task to rear it, since it proved willing enough
to feed. I was much surprised to see the little progress it had made
in growth and plumage since I discovered it, a period of thirteen
days, in which time most of the smaller birds would have been nearly
ready to leave the nest, whilst my gluttonous friend had not even
the smallest symptom of a feather. The whole bird was clothed with
a light cinereous down, except on the neck, where it was partly bare,
being in patches. It had no power to stand on its legs, owing to
the great weight of the body. After feeding, or when hungry, it
emitted a fractious peevish cry, like a sleepy child. When about three
weeks old, the pale cinereous down gave place to one of a much
darker colour, the head alone retaining its first clothing. At a
month old, or thirty-three days from the time I first discovered it,
‘the prime and secondary quills, greater wing-coverts, scapulars, tail
feathers, and a few feathers on the upper part of the back, near the
neck, made their appearance ; but their growth was extremely slow,

6 CATALOGUE.

being very little advanced four or five days after. The bird was still
unable to stand, for although its strength had increased, the weight
and increase of bulk of the body still rendered its legs of no use.
Once or twice, on placing it on the ground, it swallowed several
large stones, about the size of a sparrow’s egg; and these I found
voided three days afterwards, in the basket which ‘served him for a
nest. In a week’s time the prime quills grew to an inch and a half
long. The size of the body increased rapidly, and the bird supported
itself on the knee-joints, but could not yet stand at forty days old.
Its appetite became now no easy matter to satisfy, a pound of flesh
at a meal being thought nothing of. At six weeks old the ruff
round the neck was clearly discernible, and the quills of the wings
were about three inches long. The top and hind part of the head
began also to lose the soft thick down which had hitherto clothed it,
and presented a naked bluish skin. On the 20th January it stood
upright for the first time, being about forty-three or forty-four days
old. At two months old it became completely fledged. It was now
so tame as to become a perfect nuisance; for no sooner did it see
any person than it ran towards them screaming and flapping its
long wings, with the head bent low, and neck drawn in towards the
body, often pecking at the feet of the person thus intercepted.
Many were the thumps and kicks the luckless bird received from the
servants, who most cordially hated him, as their bare feet were often
assailed and cut with the sharp blows of his curved beak. Still,
through good and evil, he remained with us, roosting at night some-
times on the top of my bungalow, and at others wandering to some
of the neighbours.’ Often did I wish that he would take unto himself
the wings of the morn and flee away ; for he never entered the house
without making it so offensive as to be scarcely bearable. Yet,
having brought the evil upon myself, I was bound to bear it with
patience; and at length, when I almost began to despair of ever
getting rid of him, he deserted his usual haunts on the 10th May,
being then five months old, and I never saw it afterwards.’’—(Journ.
A. 8. B. VI. p. 112.)

Subfam. SARCORHAMPHIN#, Gray.

Genus Nxoruron, Sav., Desc. del Egyp. H. N.1.p. 77 (1809).
PreRrcnoPrervs, Cwwv., Rég. An. I. p. 307 (1817).

8. NEOPHRON PERCNOPTERUS, Linn. Sp.
Vultur percnopterus, Linn. S. NV. I. p. 123. Lath., Hist.
1. ¢. 5, p. 16.

CATALOGUE. ; a

Neophron perenopterus, Sav., Desc. de l’ Egyp. H. N.
I. p. 16. Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 78. G. Bh. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 3; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 7.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 87. Blyth, Oat. B. Mus.
A. 8. Beng. p. 33. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 11.

Vultur ginginianus, Daud., Tr. d’Orn. II. p. 20. Lath.,
Hist. 1. p. 17.

Alpine Vulture, Lath.

Racuaman, Bruce’s Travels, App. p. 262, t. 33.

Rocua#mE, Arabians, Hasselquist’s Travels.

Soonera or Soonpa, Scinde, Burnes.

Kut-mooreu, Hind., Jerd.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Col. Sykes.
B. c. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.
d. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

Colonel Sykes informs us “that these birds are always found in
cantonments and camps. or the most part of the day they con-
tinue on the wing, soaring in circles. When on the ground, they
walk with a peculiar gait, lifting their legs very high. They are
efficient scavengers. The proportional length of the intestine to the
body in these birds is 5:20 to 1.”—(P. Z. S., 1832, p. 78.) Bruce
says, “ The Rachamah has no voice that ever I heard ; generally sits
single, and oftener sits and walks upon the ground than upon trees.
Tt delights in the most putrid and stinking kind of carrion, and has
itself a very strong smell, and putrefies very speedily. It is a very
great breach of order or police to kill any one of these birds near
Cairo. It lays but two eggs, and builds its nest in the most desert
part of the country.”—(Travels, App. p. 266.)

“These birds light in great flocks on the lay-stalls near the city of
Cairo, and there promiscuously feed, with the dogs and other beasts,
on dead carcases and other offal. They assemble with the kites
every morning and evening, in the square called Rohneli (which is
the place for executing capital offenders), there to receive the alms
of fresh meat, left them by the legacies of wealthy great men. The
appearance of the bird is as horrid as can well be imagined, viz. :
the face is naked and wrinkled, the eyes are large and black, the
beak black and hooked, the talons large, and extended ready for
prey, and the whole body polluted with filth: these are qualities
enough to make the beholder shudder with horror. Notwithstand-
ing this, the inhabitants of Egypt cannot be thankful enough to

8 CATALOGUE.

Providence for this bird. All the places round Cairo are filled with
the dead bodies of asses and camels; and thousands of these birds
fly about and devour the carcases, before they putrefy and fill the air
with noxious exhalations. The inhabitants of Egypt, and after them
Maillet, in his description of Egypt, say, that they yearly follow
the caravan to Mecca, and devour the filth of the slaughtered beasts
and the carcases of the camels which die on the way; but I have
not been an eyewitness of this. They do not fly high, nor are they
afraid of men. If one is killed, all the rest surround him, in the same
manner as do the Royston crows; they do not quit the places they
frequent, though frightened by the explosion of a gun, but imme-
diately return thither. The Arabians call it Rocheme.”—(Hassel-
quist, Travels in the Levant, p. 194.)

9. NEOPHRON PILEATUS, Burchell Sp.

Vultur pileatus, Burch., Trav. S. Afr. p. 194.

Neophron pileatus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 3;
° Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 8. Bonap., C. G. Av., p. 11.
Cathartes monachus, Temm., Pl. Col. 222.

Percnopterus niger, Less., Tr. d’ Orn. p. 29.

Neophron carunculatus, Smith, S. Afr. Quarterly Journ.

II. p. 253.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

The Indian vultures exhibit in their habits and mode of life all the
characteristic features which have been observed of this family in
other countries. They feed almost exclusively on carrion and putrid
animal matter, and they render most useful services to other living
beings, by removing offensive substances and purifying the air.
Their external form is lax and disgusting, and they sit in a slouching
attitude, scarcely resembling living creatures. Their claws are pro-
portionally small, their feet formed more for sitting than prehension ;
they are destitute of the means of attack and defence possessed
by eagles and other rapacious birds, and they consume their food on
the spot, and having filled their capacious craw, they carry the
contents to their nests to feed the young. Their bill is large, strong,
and of greater height than breadth. The head and neck are generally
naked, or covered with a short down, and the neck is often long and
slender. Although they live in solitary pairs, they assemble in large
numbers whenever a dead body is discovered by them. They form
their eyries on inaccessible rocks or on high trees. Their flight,

CATALOGUE. 9

although slow and tortuous, enables them to ascend to prodigious
heights, to which the eye cannot follow them; from which they
descend on the objects of their attraction in a similar manner.
Their organs of smell and of sight are extremely perfect. They
never attack living animals, and except when employed in feeding on
a dead carcase, the smallest animal can put them to flight.

The genus Gypaétus, Vulture-Eagle, forms a natural connecting
link between the Vultures and the true Raptorial birds. In its
general attitude, the loose plumage on the head, the form of the
beak, the structure of the claws, and especially in the habit of
occasionally feeding on carrion or dead animal matter, it agrees
with the Vultures: while in its inherent boldness of character, and
in its raptorial disposition, it approaches the true Falcons and Eagles.
The most favourite food of the Gypaétus is obtained by the chase :
it attacks and carries off small quadrupeds of every description, lambs
(hence Lammergeyer in German), wild goats, mountain hares, young
deer, calves, &c. Oken mentions several authentic cases of its having
carried off children in the mountainous parts of Switzerland, and
Lieutenant Fisher informed Bishop Heber that the same feat had
occurred in the streets of Almorah.

Subfam. GYPAETINA, Bonap.

Genus Gypatus, Storr, Alpenreise, p. 69 (1781).

Syn, Vuttur, Linn.
PuHENE, Savigny, Desc. de V Egyp. H. N. I. p. 18 (1809).

10. GYPAETUS BARBATUS, Linn. Sp.

Vultur barbatus, Linn. S. NV. I. p. 123. Pall., Zoogr.
I. p. 372, ¢.18. Lath., Hist. I. p. 35. .

Gypaétus barbatus, Cuwv., Rég. An. (1817), I. p. 308.
Temm., Pl. Col. 431. Hutton, Journ. A. S. B. III.
p- 522. Hodgs., J. A.S. B. IV. p. 454. Bennett,
Gard. Menag. Zool. Soc. Aves, p. 177. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. t.1. p. 2; Cat. Birds, B. M. p. 1.
Hodgs., Cat. of Nep. Birds, p. 37. Blyth, Cat. Birds,
Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 33. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 11.

Gypaétus grandis, Storr, deg. Uce. I. ¢. 11,
C

10 CATALOGUE.

Phene ossifraga, Sav. Desc. de V Egyp. H. N.I. p. 78.
(Var. A.) Gypaétus hemachalanus, Hutton, J. A.
S. B. VII. p. 20.
(Var. B.) Gypaétus meridionalis, Brehm. Keys. und
Blas., Wirbelth. Eur. p. 28. Riipp., Syst.
Uebers. p. 1, t. 1.
Gypaétus nudipes, Brehm. apud Bonap., O. G. de:
cB
NISSER Wann, Ethiopic, vulgo Abou Duch’n, or Father
Long-Beard, Bruce’s Travels, App. t. 31, p. 255.
Bearded Vulture, Edwards’s Birds, t.106. Lath.
Bearded Eagle, Salt’s Trav. in Abyss. App. p. 41.
L2MMERGEYER of the Swiss, Shaw.
YELLos and Cunrriez, Shoa, Abyssinia, Roth.
GotpEN Eactz of the English residents in the Hima-
laya.
Ureoot, Masuri, Hutton.
CasEER, or FoomareE, Cabul, Burnes.

A. Kumaon (with dark gorget across the breast). From
Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

B.C. Abyssinia (with black head). From Sir W. Harris’s
Collection.

The variations which this bird exhibits in its external covering, as
it occurs in northern Europe, Africa, and India, have given rise to
different specific denominations, according to its local peculiarities in
the countries mentioned. Gypaétus barbatus exhibits pre-eminently
its European form ; Gypaétus hemachalanus of Hutton that of India ;
and Gypaétus meridionalis of Keyserling and Blasius that of Africa.
Whether the characterson which these separationsare founded amount
to real specific distinctions, or whether they merely indicate local
variations, is still a matter of difference of opinion among naturalists.
The distinguishing character of the Indian form is, according to
Hutton, a deep brown or black band across the orange feathers of
the breast, forming a well-marked collar or gorget (Hutton, Journ.
A.§. Beng. Vol. III. p. 523; VII. p. 23); but this is not admitted
to be a specific distinction by Hodgson (Journ. A. 8. Beng. IV.
p-458). The peculiarity of the African form is indicated by Riippell
in the following diagnosis: —“ Diag. Gypaétus speciei Europese
(G. barbato) persimilis, a qua differt regione anguli oris et suboculari

CATALOGUE. 11

plumulis lanuginosis albis, tarsis parte inferiore et interna plumis
devestita.”’

But even in specimens from the same locality, the external cover-
ing varies considerably, according to sex or age; in young subjects
the head and neck are brown or black.—(Journ. A. 8. B. VII. p. 24.)
A very full and comprehensive account, as well of the external
covering and occasional local differences, as of the habits of this bird,
is given by the late E. T. Bennett, Esq., in his work, “ The Gardens
and Menagerie of the Zoological Society,” from an individual which
lived a considerable time in the gardens: the details given by Mr.
Bennett are confirmed by several Indian naturalists. In the fourth
volume of the Journ. A. 8. Beng. p. 455, Mr. Hodgson states,—
“The manners of this bird are decidedly more vulturine than aquiline.
Ordinarily, he is met with in groups, or pairs, or singly, without
marked distinctions of habits in that respect; but the prospect of an
abundant repast is sure to collect numbers of the species, too
voraciously intent upon satisfying the cravings of an appetite ~de-
pendent for its gratification upon contingencies, to admit of their
betraying any of that shyness of man which the aquiline race inva-
riably manifest. If the flesh-pots be exposed at Simla, or Massuri,
or elsewhere in the western hills, it becomes necessary to keep a
good watch upon them, lest the bearded vulture steal a share of the
contents ; and the offals and carrion-carcases, freely abandoned to
him by our European soldiery, and by the peasantry, he rushes to
devour, almost heedless of the neighbourhood of human kind.”
Lieutenant Hutton’s account (Journ. A.S. B. VII. p. 21) agrees
with that of Mr. Hodgson.

Bishop Heber (Journey through Upper India, &c.) gives an
account of an eagle of an extraordinary size which was shot by
Lieutenant Fisher, near the Himalaya. It measured thirteen feet
between the tips of its extended wings. From Lieutenant Fisher’s
description, it was doubtless an individual of the Gypaétus barbatus.
“ This is no doubt the bird which carries away the children from the
streets of Almorah.” “ It appears,” the Bishop adds, “ strongly to
resemble the noble bird described by Bruce, under the name of
Nisser, as common among the mountains of Abyssinia.’”’—(Travels,
vol. VII. Appendix, p. 255, fig. 31.) Two species of Nisser are
mentioned by Bruce, the Nisser Werk (fig. 31) and the Nisser
Tookoor (fig. 32). The first is distinguished by the name of Abou
Duch’n or Father Long-Beard, of which the following story is re-
lated. ‘“ Upon the highest top of the mountain Lamalmon, while

12 CATALOGUE.

my servants were eating their dinner in the outer air, with several
large dishes of boiled goats’-flesh before them, this enemy, as he
turned out to be to them, appeared suddenly. He did not stoop
rapidly from a height, but came flying slowly along the ground,
and sat down close to the meat, within the ring the men had made
round it. A great shout being raised, the bird slowly retired, but he
soon came up again, when he was shot a small distance from the
party.” Riippell found the Gypaétus on most of the high mountains
of Abyssinia, chiefly in parties of three,—an old pair with a single
young one. It is fully aware of its strength, and shows no fear on
the approach of man. This bird is also described in Salt’s “ Travels,”
App. p. 41.

“ A very common bird about Angollallah and Ankober (Abyssinia).
It is not so timid as the solitary specimens of its family in Europe,
it comes not into the compounds, but still it hovers about in the
next vicinity of the towns and villages. Smells dreadfully from its
mode of living. Takes a great quantity of water.”—(Dr. Roth’s MS,
Report.)

Fam. II. FALCONIDA, Leach.

This family is naturally divided into the following sub-families :—
I. Faucontna, Wahre Falken.
Il. Mitvina, Wethen.
Ill. Accreirrina, Habichte.
TV. Agvitina, Adler.
V. Burroynin2z, Bussards.
—TI. I. Kaup, Monographien der Falconide.

I. FALCONINA.

Genus Tinnuncutus, Vieill., Ois. del Amér. I. p. 39 (1807).

Crrcunets, Boie, Isis (1826), p. 976.
eyrrivs, Kaup, Naturl. Syst. p. 20 (1829).
Fatcuta, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. (1837), p. 365.

TrcHornis et Paecitornis, Kaup, Classif. der Seug. und
Veg. p. 108 (1844). :

CATALOGUE. 13

il. TINNUNCULUS ALAUDARIUS, Briss. Sp.

Falco tinnunculus, Zinn. S. N. I. p. 127. Lath., Hist.
I. p. 125. Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 80. Jerdon,
Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 82.

Accipiter alaudarius, Briss., Orn. I. p. 379.

Tinnunculus alaudarius, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 21; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p.58. Hodgs., Cat. B.
Nep. p. 45. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 15.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 27.

Falco interstinctus, McClelland, P. Z. S. (1839), p. 154.
The Kestril.
Kuuvurmoutra, Kurrowtra, Karontea, and Nazarti-
NaAzARANAH (téte-a-téte), Hind., Blyth.
Narpunak, Scinde, Burnes.
Gyo-Tutn, Arracan, Blyth.
ALLAP ALLAP Sapt, Javanese, Horsf.
A. B. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
C. D. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
e. Afghanistan. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.
fg. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
h. and drawing (interstinctus, McClell.). Assam. Pre-
sented by J. M‘Clelland, Esq.
t.j. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
k. Darjeeling. Presented by I. 'T. Pearson, Esq.
7. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
m. China. From Reeves’s Collection.
nm. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.
0. p. Babylon. Presented by Commander Jones.
q. Drawing. From Dr. Heyne’s Collection.
r. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.
* Very abundant in the Dukhun. Both sexes are absolutely iden-
tical with the European birds in their characteristic plumage. The
male bird, however, in one instance exactly resembled the female of
the European Kestril, indicating a distinct species. Remains of rats,

mice, lizards, grasshoppers, and a bird, were found in the stomach of
several specimens.” —(Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 80.) “ The Kestril is

14 CATALOGUE.

an extremely common bird, frequenting the open plains and bare
rocky hills. Its chief food is lizards, large insects, and occasionally
young birds. The male is occasionally as large as the female,’’—(Jerd.
Madr. J. L.S. X. p. 82.) Mr. Blyth has found this bird “ very
common in Lower Bengal, where he has frequently seen them in
parties of twenty or thirty hunting over the cultivated lands. It
breeds in April, in lofty trees, and also on the tops of minarets.’”’—
(Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 15.)

12. TINNUNCULUS CENCHRIS, Naumann Sp.

Falco cenchris, Nauwm., Voeg. Deutschl. t. 29. Gould,
Birds of Eur. t. 29.

Tinnunculus cenchris, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p.21;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p.60. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 16. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 27.

Falco tinnunculoides, Schinz. Temm.,Man.1.p.31. Storr,
Uce. t. 25.

Falco xanthonyx, Natterer.

Falco Naumanni, Fleischer.

Falco gracilis, Less., Tr. d’ Orn. p. 93.

Falco cyannellus, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilt., MS. p. 55.

The lesser Kestril.
a. N. India. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

b. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

Genus Eryturopus, Brehm., Isis (1828), p. 1270.
PanycuistEs, Kaup, Nat. Syst. p. 57 (1829).
TINNUNCULUS, p. Gray.

138. HRYTHROPUS VESPERTINUS, Linn. Sp.

Falco vespertinus, Linn. 8. N. I. p. 129. Lath., Hist.
I. p. 122. Pl. Eni. 481.

Erythropus vespertinus, Brehm., Vag. Deutschl. I. p. 76.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 26.

Tinnunculus vespertinus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 21; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 60. Hodgs., Cat.
B. Nep. p. 45. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B.
p. 16.

CATALOGUE. 15

Falco rufipes, Beseke., Vag. Kurl. p. 13, t. 3,4. Yarrell,
Brit. Birds, I. p. 49.

The Ingrian Falcon, Lath. |
A. b.c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

Genus Hierax, Vigors, Zool. Journ. J. p. 328 (1824).

14. HIERAX CHRULESCENS, Linn. Sp.

Falco cerulescens, Linn. S. N. I. p. 125. Lath., Hist.
I. p. 208. Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 135.
Temm., Pl. Col. 97.

Hierax cerulescens, Vigors, Zool. Journ. 1. p. 3828. G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 21; Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p. 62.. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 28.

Falco fringillarius, Drapier.

Hierax malayensis, Strickland.

Little Black and Orange Indian Hawk, Hdw., I. ¢. 108.
Bengal Falcon, Lath.

Aap, or ALLAP-ALLAP, Javanese, Horsf:

A. b.c. d. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

“The natives of Java describe this bird as possessing an uncom-
mon degree of boldness in pursuing small birds.’’—(Horsf., Zool.
Res. in Java.)

15. HTHRAX HUTOLMUS, Hodgs.

Hierax eutolmus, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 81. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 21; III.
App. p.2; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 68. Blyth, Cat.
B. Mus. A. §. B. p. 17.

Hierax bengalensis, apud Blyth, Journ. A. 8. B. XII.
p. 180, bis. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 28.

Bengal Falcon, var. A, Lath.
White-naped Falcon, Hodgs.
Dovune-o0-nHovK, Arracan, Blyth.

A. B. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
c. Kumaon. Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

16 CATALOGUE.

16. HIERAX MELANOLEUCOS ? Blyth.

Hierax melanoleucos, Blyth, J. A. S. B. XII. p. 179, bis;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 17. .

a. India. Donor unknown.

“ Tt is not generally known that these tiny Falcons (which weigh
but a few ounces) are trained for hawking in the Upper Provinces
of India, being flown at quails and other game of corresponding size,
as I have been informed by different eye-witnesses of the sport,
which is thus described in Captain Mundy’s ‘ Sketches of a Tour
in India,’ II. p. 25. ‘ We hadalso some amusing sport with another
kind of Falcon, a very small bird, perhaps barely so large as a thrush,
and its prey was proportioned to its strength. It is flown at quails,
sparrows, and others of the like calibre. The mode of starting it is
different from that used with any other hawk. The falconer holds
the little well-drilled savage within the grasp of his hand, the head
and tail protruding at either end, and the plumage carefully smoothed
down. When he arrives within twenty or thirty yards of the quarry,
the sportsman throws his hawk, much as he would a cricket-ball, in ©
the direction of it. The little creature gains his wings in an instant,
and strikes his game after the manner of the Bhause’ (Astur paluwm-
barius).’”,—(Blyth, J. A. 8. B. XI. p. 789.)

Genus PoLInIERAX, Kaup (1847).

17. POLIHIERAX SEMITORQUATUS, A. Smith, Sp.
Falco semitorquatus, Smith, Ill. 8S. Afr. Zool. t. 1.

Polihierax semitorquatus, Kauwp. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 26.

Hypotriorchus semitorquatus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
ITI. App. p. 2.

A. male. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Genus Fatco, Linn., p. s. d.
18. FALCO PEREGRINUS, Gmel.

Falco peregrinus, Gmel., S. N. L. I. p. 272. Lath,
fist. 1. p. 81. Pl. Enl. 430. Jerdon, Madr. J.
L. 8. X. p. 79. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.19;

CATALOGUE. wa

Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p.50. Hodgs., Cat. of Nep. B.
p. 44, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 13.

Falco communis, Briss. apud Bonap., Consp. Gt. Av. p. 23.
Peregrine Falcon, Lath.

BuyreEe (female), BuyREs-BacHa (male), Hind., Jerd.
Rasa Watt, of the Malays, Raffles.

Srxap Lane, of the Sumatrans, Raffles.

Laxt Anaty, of the Passummahs, Raffles.

A. B. Bengal. Presented by General Hardwicke.

c.d. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

e. f. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
g. Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. 8. Raffles.
h. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“The Bhyree is found even in the hottest parts of the Peninsula.
I obtained one alive at Trichinopoly, which was said to have fallen
into a tank. Many are yearly captured about Ramnad and also in
the Northern Circars. I shot a specimen on some rocks in the Sea
of Tellicherry at the end of April, and it is tolerably abundant in the
more northern parts of the Deccan, as near Jaulnah, occasionally
coming into cantonment, and carrying off chickens, &e. Walter
Elliot, Esq., in his ‘ Notes,’ says, ‘ It is migratory, appearing on the
eastern shores of the Peninsula in September or October, and re-
maining till March or April, when it disappears for the purpose of
breeding and moulting.” Great numbers are caught every year in
the Northern Circars by a caste named Yerklees, and sold to the
falconers of Hyderabad, Kurnool, &c., at an average of ten rupees
each. The falconers distinguish three kinds, the black, the red, and
the white, according to the shades in their plumage. The Bhyree
affects, in general, open country, rocky hills, and deep valleys where
brushwood abounds; also frequents tanks, and preys much on paddy-
birds, ducks, and water-fowl. It is more esteemed for its courage
and powers of flight than either of the other two large falcons found
in this country.”—(Jerdon, Madr. J. L. 8. X. p. 23.)

Sir T. Stamford Raffles states, “ this Falcon is in high estimation
among the Malays, who consider it as the prince of birds, and have
frequent allusions to it in their poetry.”—(Trans. Linn. Soc. XIJI.
p- 278.)

d

18 CATALOGUE.

19. FALCO 2

a.b. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

20. FALCO PEREGRINATOR, Sund.

Falco peregrinator, Sund., Phys. Sellsk. Tidsk. (1887).
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Toe I. p.19; Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. p. 50. Hodgs., Cat. of Nep. B. p.44. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 14. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 23. Gould, Birds of Asia, t. 36.

Falco shaheen, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. X. p. 81. Lil.
Ind, Orn. pl. 12, 28.

Falco sultaneus, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 81.
The Sultan Falcon, Hodgs.

SHAHEEN or SHaHIN (Royal), female; Kourr, Korna
(Charcoal ?), male, Hind., Jerd. Blyth.

Suauin (Arabic), Babylon, Jones.
JAWwoLvo in Telugu, Jerdon.
Wo ttoor in Tamul, Jerdon.

a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
b. c. Babylon. Presented by Commander Jones.
d, ¢. f. Drawings. King of Tanjore’s. From J. Torin, Esq.

«¢ The Shaheen appears to be spread throughout the whole of India,
from the Himalayas to the extreme south of the Peninsula. It is far
from being a common bird. It is, however, well known to the native
falconers, who have from time immemorial been acquainted both with
its breeding-places and its most favourite haunts. The habitual
resorts of this Falcon are high rocky hills in the neighbourhood of
jungle and forest land, whether in a low or mountainous country,
though the latter is always preferred. In the Carnatic, which is
nearly devoid of, forest, the Shaheen is but seldom met with, yet
there are certain spots even here where individuals of the species
resort to after the breeding season, being chiefly young birds ; and
they are known to breed in various parts of the range of Eastern
Ghauts. Its habits in a wild state vary somewhat according to the
kind of country frequented. If a denizen of a forest, it watches on
some lofty tree at the skirts of a glade, or hovers over it, ready to
pounce on any unlucky bird that ventures to cross. In more open

CATALOGUE. 19

country it is necessitated to take a wider circuit in search of its prey,
and is of course much more on the wing. Such birds are more
highly prized for training than forest-bred birds, which are, there-
fore, seldom sought for. This Falcon destroys large quantities of
game, partridges, quails, &c., and it is said to be very partial to
paroquets. This assertion is corroborated by the fact of my having
first obtained a specimen of the rare Alexandrine Paroquet by the
agency of a Shaheen, which pounced on a flock that was crossing a
glade of a forest in Malabar, and carried one off, but dropped it on my
firing at it. One belonging to me, having lost a partridge at which
it was flown, took a long flight after some paroquets it spied high
up in the air. One I shot in Travancore, just after sunset, was
busily devouring a Goatsucker (Caprimulgus) it had captured.

The Shaheen breeds on steep and inaccessible cliffs. I have
seen two eyries, the one on the Neelgherries, and the other at the
celebrated hill-fort of Untoor. It lays its eggs in March and April,
and the young fly in May and June, when they are caught by the
falconers.

The Royal Falcon of the Hast (as its Indian name implies) is
very highly prized by the natives for use in hawking, and. it is
esteemed the first of all the Falcons, or black-eyed birds of prey, as
they are called in native works on falconry,—the large and powerful
Bhyree (F. peregrinus) even being considered only second to it.
Although hawking is now comparatively at. a low ebb in India, yet
many individuals of this species are annually captured in various
parts of the Peninsula, and taken for sale at Hydrabad and other
places where the noble sport of falconry is yet carried on, and they
sell for a considerable price. The Shaheen and other Falcons are
usually caught by what is called the Herwan. This is a thin strip of
cane of a length about equal to the expanse of wings of the bird
sought for. The ends of the stick are smeared: with birdlime for
several inches, and a living bird is tied to the centre of it. On
observing the hawk, the bird, which has its eyes sewn. up to. make it
soar, is let loose, and the Falcon pounces.on it and attempts to carry
it off, when the ends of its wings strike the limed twig, and it falls to
the ground. The birds usually selected for this purpose are doves,
either Turtur risorius or T. humilis.

The Shaheen is always trained for what in the language of
falconry is called a standing-gait, that is, is not slipped from the
hand at the quarry, but made to hover and circle high in the air over
the falconer and party, and when the game is started it then makes

20 CATALOGUE.

its swoop, which it does with amazing speed. It is, indeed, a fine
sight to see this fine bird stoop on a partridge or florikin (Otis
awrita) which has been flushed at some considerable distance from
it, as it often makes a wide circuit round the party. As soon as the
Falcon observes the game which has been flushed, it makes two or
three onward plunges in its direction, and then darts down obliquely
with half-closed wings on the devoted quarry, with more than the
velocity of an arrow. This is, of course, a sure and deadly way of
hunting, and though infinitely more exciting than the flight of short-
winged hawks, is certainly not to be compared in interest to the
flight of a Bhyree from the hand after the heron, or the Douk (Zan-
talus leucocephalus). The Shaheen is usually trained to stoop at
partridges and florikin, also occasionally at the stone plover (Cdie-
nemus crepitans) and the jungle-fowl. It will not hover in the air
so long as the Luggur, which, being of a more patient and docile
disposition, will stay up above an hour.

In the works I have before alluded to, the name Shaheen is said
to be that by which it is known in Persia, as well as among the
Mussulmen of India, Kohee being the name given it by the Hindoos
of the north of India, whence, in all probability, comes the name of
the male bird in general use, viz. Koela or Kohela, though it is said
to be called Shaheen Bucha in Persia. It is said to bear the name
of Laheen in Toorkistan, and Kubursh in Arabic. Among the
localities for it given in the native works on falconry are Koordis-
tan, Khorasan, Moultan, and Cabul. Several varieties are enume-
rated; viz. the red, the white, the blue, and the black; but these are
merely shades of difference in the colours, and in the more or less
distinctness of the markings. These variations, however, are very —
considerable in this Falcon, as well as in the Peregrines found in
India, and are probably in some measure owing to the long domesti-
cation, if I may so speak, of these birds, as it is well known that
birds moulting in confinement vary somewhat in the shades of their
plumage from those subject to the more vigorous actions of a wild
state of life.”—(Jerd. Ill. Ind. Orn.)

21. FALCO JUGGER, J. H. Gray.

Falco jugger, G. and H., Ill. Ind. Zool. Il. 4.26. G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.19; Cat; B. Brit. Mus.
p. 52. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 43. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 18. Gould, Birds of Asia, t. 1.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 24.

on

CATALOGUE. 21

Falco luggur, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 80; Lil.
Ind. Orn. t. 44.

Falco thermophilus, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 81.

The Jugger Falcon, Lath., Hist. I. p. 192.

Luaaur or LaaceEr, female, Juaaur or JHAGGAR, male,
Hind., Jerd. Blyth.

Lueeanoo, Telugu, Jerd.

a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

b. Afghanistan. From William Griffith’s. Collection.

c. 8. India. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
d. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

e. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.
jf. Drawing. Siam. From Finlayson’s Collection.

g. h. Drawings. King of Tanjore’s. From J. Torin, Esq.

“ The Juggur is the most common of the large Falcons of India,
and is a bird of a heavier and slower flight than any of the other
Falcons of this country, and is held in less estimation by the
natives.”’—(Jerd. Madr. J. X. p. 80.) “ Whilst the Bhyree (/
peregrinus) prefers the sea-coast and the neighbourhood of lakes,
rivers, and wet cultivation, and the Shaheen (& peregrinator) de-
lights in hilly and wooded regions, the Luggur, on the contrary,
frequents open dry plains and vicinity of cultivation. It makes its
nest in some lofty tree, generally one standing alone among some
grain-fields, and lays four eggs. In a wild state it preys on a great
variety of small birds, often snatching up a chicken, even in the

midst of a cantonment. It is trained to hunt crows, paddy-birds,

partridges, and florikin, and it is said has been trained to kill the
heron (A. cinerea).

In hawking crows, (C. culminatus) chiefly, it is slipped from the
hand, and the crow, when aware of its danger, uses every artifice to
escape, taking refuge among cattle, horses, vehicles, and even enter-
ing houses. 1 once had a Luggur whose wing feathers were burnt off
by a washerman’s fire, close to which the crow was attempting to
take refuge when it was struck. After paddy-birds (Ardea bubulcus)
it is also slipped from the hand, and as this bird is always found on
the plains feeding among herds of cattle, it affords considerable sport
by its dexterity in diving among and under the cattle, and the ven-

rape CATALOGUE.

turous hawk is occasionally trodden under the feet of the cattle.
When the quarry is a partridge or a florikin, the standing-gait is
used, as described under the head of the Shaheen. Luggurs as well
as Shaheens are always caught after they have left the nest and have
had some instruction by their parents, the native falconers consider-
ing them better than when taken from the nest, contrary, I believe,
to the opinion of our English Adam Woodcocks. The Luggur ap-
pears to inhabit the whole continent of India.’’—(Jerdon, Ill. Ind.
Orn.)

22. FALCO LANARIUS, Linn.

Falco lanarius, Linn. S. NW. I. p.129. Lath., Hist. I.
p. 84. GER. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.19; Cat. B.
Brit. Mus. p. 52. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 48.

Falco cherrug, G. and H., Ill. Ind. Zool. II. t. 25.

Falco milvipes, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 81.

Falco sacer, Schleg. apud Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 24.

The Lanner Falcon, Lath.

a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

23. FALCO CERVICALIS, Licht.

«Falco cervicalis, Licht. Kaup, Mus. Senck. (1845), p. 257.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 19; Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. p. 52. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 24.

Falco biarmicus, Zemm., Pl. Col. 324.

Falco chiqueroides, Smith, 8S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (1880).

The Double-bearded Falcon.

Ta Amora Auaxa (“principal of the birds of prey ’’):
Abyssinia, Roth.

A. B. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

“ Bears the above-given appellation from its habit of fighting con-
tinually (even with its superiors in bulk) about their prey.”—(Dr.
Roth’s MS. Report.)

Genus Hyporriorcuis, Bote, Isis (1826), p. 976.

Esaton, Kaup, Nat. Syst. p. 40 (1829).
Drnproraco, Gray, List Gen. B. (1840), p. 3.

24. HY POTRIORCHIS SEVERUS, Horsf: Sp.
Falco severus, Horsf:, Linn. Trans. XIII. p. 185.

CATALOGUE. 23

Hypotriorchis severus, G. &. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 20; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 53. Hodgs., Cat. B.
Nep. p. 44. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 15.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 25.

Falco Aldrovandi, Reinw. Temm., Pl. Col. 128.

Falco rufipedoides, McClell.? Caleut. Journ. Nat. H.
(1844), p. 283.

Falco guttatus, Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. (1843), p. 371.

The Severe Falcon.

Atiar-ALLAP GingENnG, Java, Horsf.

Duvter of the Indian Falconers, Nepal, Hodgs.

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

25. HY POTRIORCHIS CONCOLOR, Temm. Sp.

Falco concolor, Temm., Pl. Col. 330. Gould, Birds of
— Eur. t. 25. Swains., Birds of W. Afr. I. t. 3.
Hypotriorchis concolor, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 20; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p.54. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 25.
The Uniform Falcon.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

26. HY POTRIORCHIS SUBBUTEO, Linn. Sp.

Falco subbuteo, Linn. S. N. I. p.127. Lath., Hist. I.
p-. 119. Pl. Enl. 432. Gould, B. of Hur. t. 22.
Hypotriorchis subbuteo, Boie, Isis (1826), p.976. G. BR.

Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 20; Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p. 58. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 44. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. S. Beng. p.15. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 25.
Falco barletta, Daud., Tr. d’ Orn. II. p. 129.
The Hobby Falcon, Lath.
Karsanna of the Indian Falconers, Nepal, Sidian
SURKHPUSHTAH (“ rufous back ’’), Kabul, Burnes.

A. Bengal. From Blagrave’s Collection.
b. Assam. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.

27. HY POTRIORCHIS CHICQUERA, Daud. Sp.

Falco chicquera, Daud., Tr. d’Orn. II. p.121. Lath.,
Hist. I. p. 168. Sykes, P. Z. 8S. (1882), p. 80.
Gould, Cent. t.2. Jerdon, Madr. Journ. L. S. X.

24 CATALOGUE.

p.82. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.14. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 25.

Hypotriorchis chicquera, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 20; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 56. Hodgs., Cat. 4
Nep. p. 45.

Falco ruficollis, Swains., B. of W. Afr. I. p. 107, t. 2.

Falco macrodactylus, Swains., Classif. B. II. p. 212.

Falco fasciatus, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilt. WS. p. 37, 51.

The Chicquera Falcon, Lath.

TarMatTI (TuRooMTEE, Jerd., ToomTra, Burnes), female,
Cuetwa or CHETOyA, male, Hind., Blyth.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

b. Himalaya. Presented by Dr. Hugh Falconer.

c. d. Drawings. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.
e. Drawing. King of Tanjore’s. From J. Torin, Esq.

“ The Turoomtee frequents patches of wood or single trees in the
open country, and even gardens. It is found in all parts of the
Peninsula, and is a bird of great courage and aetivity, generally
hunting in pairs, rising alternately over their prey, and sometimes
following closely on the wing: JI have seen it hover occasionally,
though rarely. It preys chiefly on small birds. Walter Elliot says
‘it will not suffer other birds to approach their perch, but drive away
even the Wokhab (Aquila nevioides), hovering over him with shrill
cries.” The Turoomtee is occasionally reclaimed and flown at small
birds, especially at the common jay or roller (Coracias bengalensis),
in pursuit of which much amusement is afforded from the clumsy
evolutions and harsh cries of the quarry.”—(Jerdon, Madr. J. L. 8.
X. p. 82.) Colonel Sykes ‘ found a sparrow in the stomach of a
male bird, and a young bat in that of another.’’-—(Sykes, P. Z. S.
1832, p. 80.)

28. HY POTRIORCHIS AHSALON, Gmel. Sp.

Falco esalon, Gmel., 8S. N. L. I. p. 284.

Hypotriorchis esalon, G. RB. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 20; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 55. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 26.

Tinnunculus esalon, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 16.

The Merlin, Lath.

Dunersen (Arabic), Babylon, Jones.

a. Babylon. Presented by Commander Jones.

bo
nr

CATALOGUE.

TI. MILVIN.
Genus Crrous, Lacep., Mem. d’ Inst. III. p. 506 (1800).

Pyeareus, Koch, Syst. der Bair. Zool. (1816).

Strieicers, Bonap., Sagg. Distr. Meth. An. Vert. p. 37
(1831).

Busarevwvs, Lafr., Rev. Zool. (1839).

GLAUCOPTERYX, Kaup, Class. der Seug. und Vag. p.113.

Sprzactreus, Kaup, Mus. Senckenb. (1845), p. 258.

Sprtocrrcus, Kaup, Isis (1847), p. 101.

29. CIRCUS CYANEUS, Linn. Sp.
Falco cyaneus, Linn. 8. N. I. p. 126. Lath., Hist. I.
p. 94.

Circus cyaneus, Bote, Isis (1822), p. 549. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 82; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 78.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p.48. Blyth, Oat. B. Mus.
A, 8. Beng. p. 20.

Strigiceps cyaneus, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 35.
Falco pygargus, Linn. S. N. I. p. 126.

Falco albidus, Gmel. S. NV. L. I. p. 276.

The Hen-Harrier, Lath.

Asu Agus Axsyrtu (Arabic), Babylon, Jones.

a. b. Babylon. Presented by Commander Jones.

30. CIRCUS SWAINSONT, Smith.

Circus Swainsoni, Smith, 8S. Afr. Qtrly. Journ. (1830),
p. 884. Ill. 8. Afr. Zool. t. 43,44. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds. I. p. 82; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 81.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 20.

Strigiceps Swainsoni, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 35.
Circus albescens, Less., Tr. d’ Orn. p. 85.
Circus pallidus, Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1832), p. 81. Jerdon,
Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 78.
Circus dalmaticus, Riipp., Mus. Senckend. (1884), z. 11.
The Indian Harrier and Ringtail, Jerd,
i — é

26 CATALOGUE.

Dast-mMat, Hind., Jerd.
Tera, Derajat, Burnes.
Panvovuvi, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton.

A. B. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

ce. Olipore. From Griffith’s Collection.

d. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

e. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

“ The Indian Harrier is very generally spread, and in many parts
indeed very abundant. It frequents the open stony plains and
cultivated ground, especially when the grain is high; occasionally,
though rarely, I have seen it in cantonment, hunting along a hedge-
side. I have seen it perch on trees, though very seldom. Its chief
food is lizards, locusts, and grasshoppers, also mice, and small or
young birds, especially quail, if an opportunity occurs of suddenly
snatching them. Mr. Elliot says they ‘ migrate from Southern
Mahratta country in February, and return at the end of the mon-
soon.’ ”’—(Jerdon, Madr. J. L.S. X. p.78.) Colonel Sykes observes,
“‘ these birds frequent the open stony plains only, and I never saw
them perch on trees. The remains of six lizards were found in the
stomach of one bird.”—(P. Z. S. (1832), p. 81.)

31. CLRCUS MELANOLEUCOS, Gmel. Sp.
Falco melanoleucos, Gmel., S. N. LD. I. p. 274. Pen-
nant, Ind. Zool. p. 33, t. 2. Lath., Hist. I. p. 183.
Circus melanoleucos, Vieill., NV. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. IV.
p. 465. McClell., Proc. Z. 8. (1839), p. 154.
Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p.79. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 32; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 80.

Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p.49. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus.
A, S. Beng. p. 21.

Strigiceps melanoleucos, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 35.
The Black and White Falcon, Lath.

Hooded Eagle Hawk, McCleil.

Panatat, Hind., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton.

Axstak Perana, Nepal, Hodgs.

Tuin-xya, Arracan, Blyth.

Kator Korrorterya, Ceylon, Pennant.

CATALOGUE. SF

A. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
B. and drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.
c. d. Calcutta. From Frith’s Collection.

e. f. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

g. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

h. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

7. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“This bird is a fisher, and is found in low inundated places,
where it feeds, with Waders, on reptiles, mollusca, as well as on
fishes.” —(McClell., P. Z. 8. (1839).)

32. CIRCUS CINERASCENS, Montagu Sp.

Falco cinerascens, Mont., Trans. Linn. Soc. TX. p. 188.

Circus cinerascens, Ouv., Reg. An. I. p. 338. G. BR. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 32; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 81.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 48. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. Beng. p. 35.

Strigiceps cinerascens, Bonap., O. G. Av. p. 35.

Circus Montagui, Vieill., N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. XXXI.
p. 411.

Circus nipalensis, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844),
De, 4

Montagu’s Harrier.

AmpryFir At Qaten (Arabic), Babylon, Jones.

a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
b. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.
c. Babylon. Presented by Commander Jones.

33. CIRCUS MRUGINOSUS, Linn. Sp.

Falco eruginosus, Linn. S. N. I. p. 180. Lath., Hist. I.
p- 87. |

Circus eruginosus, Sav., Deser. de l’ Egyp. H. N. I.
p.90. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 32; Cat.
B. Brit. Mus. p. 82. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 49.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 19. Bonap. C.
G. Av. p. 84.

Falco rufus, Gmel., S. N. L. I. p. 266. Briss., Orn. I.
pp. 404.

28 CATALOGUE.

Circus rufus, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 79.
Circus variegatus, Sykes, Proc. Z. 8. (1832), p. 81.
Circus Sykesii, Less., Compl. Buff. VII. p. 161.

The Moor Buzzard, Lath.

Marsh Harrier, Jerd.

Koorvur and Kuxeustr, Hind., Jerd. Blyth. |
Cxuooa or Mar Cutt (“ Meadow-kite”’), Beng., Blyth.

SuFIp Srra (“ white-headed’’) and Trxa Bauri (“ Hawk
with the tika frontal mark’’), Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton.

Asvu Hagges (Arabic), Mesopotamia, Jones.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

b. c. (Dark var.) Upper India. Presented by Dr.
Falconer.

d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

e. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

J. Mesopotamia. Presented by Commander Jones.

g. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“The Marsh Harrier is generally spread throughout India, and
prefers hunting over rivers, tanks, marshes, and paddy-fields, but
also is frequently seen skimming over the dry-grain fields. It
feeds on various water-insects, fish, frogs, mice, and small birds.”

—(Jerdon, Madr. Journ. X. p. 79.)
34. CIRCUS

a. China. From Reeve’s Collection.
6. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

2

Genus Exanus, Sarigny, Desc. de V Egyp. H. N. I. p. 97
(1809). .

85. ELANUS MELANOPTERUS. Daud. Sp.
Falco melanopterus, Daud., Tr. d’ Orn. II. p.152. Lath.,
Hist. I. p. 188. Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. X11.
p- 137.
Elanus melanopterus, Leach, Zool. Misc. U1. ¢. 122.
Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p.71. G. BR. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 26; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 45.

CATALOGUE. 29

Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 46. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus.
A. 8. Beng. p.18. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 22.

Falco cesius, Sav., Desc. de l’ Egyp. H. N. 1. p. 98, é. 2,
if

Falco sonninensis et vociferus, Lath.

Falco clamosus, Shaw.

The Black-winged Falcon, Lath.

Cuanwa and Cuanwa Musauer, Hind., Hodgs.

KupasEE or Kapasi (“ cottony’’), Hind., Jerd. Blyth.

ANGKAL-ANGKAL, Java, Horsf.

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

b. Himalaya. Presented by Dr. Falconer.

c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

d. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

e. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“ Though generally spread over India, the Kupasee is by no means
common. It is most frequent in woody districts. Its general food
is insects (chiefly grasshoppers and locusts), lizards, and mice. I
shot one in Goomsoor, which was devouring the carcass of a dove ;
this, however, appeared to have been dead some time, and I doubt
if it was killed by the Kupasee. It often frequents long grass and
grain-fields, over which it may be seen to hover like the Kestril.””—
(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 71.)

Mr. Hodgson gives the following notice of the manners of this
bird. “The Chanwa, or Black-wing, quests chiefly in the morning
and evening, feeding upon small birds, insects, and mice. It does
not usually seize upon the wing, though its hunting be, for the most
part, by continuous questing. Commonly, it is seen skimming the
cultivation like a Circus, occasionally poising itself on the wing for
the purpose of getting a distincter view of some mouse, small bird,
or insect which has stirred on its beat, and upon which, when clearly
perceived, it stoops perpendicularly with the speed of lightning. After
a while, it will resort to some low roost, and, when relieved, com-
mence another excursion, or, perchance, sit and watch there for its
prey. Its forward flight is easy, low, and silent, but very effective
in evolution when exertion is required to capture such nimble game
as mice, which constitute its ordinary food. It frequently whips off
insects from the stalks of standing grain, and this feat is, of course,

30 CATALOGUE.

accomplished on the wing. I have also seen the Chanwa pursue
cuckoos and sparrows with uncommon energy, but I never wit-
nessed it strike a bird in the air. The Chanwa doubtless can,
and sometimes does, seize its feathered prey on the wing.”—
(Madr. Journ. L. 8. VI. p. 77.)

Genus Mitvus, Cuv., An. Comp. I. Tab. Sec. Cl. des Ois.
(1-799).
Hyprorcrinia, Kaup, Class. der Seug. und Veg. p. 115
(1844).

36. MILVUS NIGER, Briss.
Milvus niger, Briss., Orn. I. p. 418. G. RB. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, 1. p. 24; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 43. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 21.

Falco ater, Gmel., S. NV. LZ. I. p. 262.
Milvus fuscus, Brehm., Vaeg. Deutsch. I. p. 53, t. 4, f. 1.
The Black Kite.
TsHELVET, Abyssinia, Roth.
A. b. c. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

“ Very common about Ankober and Angollallah, cleaning the
streets and compounds in company with the crows.’”—(Dr. Roth’s
MS. Report.)

37. MILVUS GOVINDA, Sykes.

Milvus’ govinda, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 81. G. RB.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, III. App. p.2; Cat. Birds
Brit. Mus. p.43. Bonap., C. G. Av. p.21. Gould,
Burds of Asia, t. 52.

Milvus melanotis, Temm. et Schl., Faun. Jap. Aves, t. 5,
5b.
Milvus cheele, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. X. p. 71.

Milvus indicus v. cheela, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 81.

Haliaétus lineatus, G. & H., Ill. Ind. Zool. I. t. 18.
Milvus ater, apud Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 31.
Falco cheela of modern authors, nec. Lath.

The Common or Pariah Kite, Jerd.

CATALOGUE. or

The Govinda Kite.

Cueet or Cutt, Hind., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilt. Jerd., or
Partan Cutt, Hind., Blyth.

TSWONBOP, Arracan, Blyth.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

b. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

c. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

d. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
e. Bagdad. Presented by Commander Jones.

“ This very useful bird is extremely numerous, more especially in
cantonments, villages, and camps, and is continually on the look-out
for refuse of every description. Colonel Sykes says, ‘ Constantly
soaring in the air in circles, watching an opportunity to dart upon
a chicken, upon refuse animal matter thrown out from the cook-
room, and occasionally even having the hardihood to stoop at a dish
of meat being carried from the cook-room to the house.’—(P. Z. 8.
(1832), p. 81.) Away from cantonments, it preys chiefly on rep-
tiles; is also remarkably fond of fish, both fresh and dried. Has a
very shrill cry or squeal.’’—(Jerd., Madr. J. L. 8. X. p. 71.)

Mr. Blyth gives the following remarks on the habits of this bird.
“ Tt is not unusual to see a hundred or more circling in the air
together about Calcutta, especially towards the evening, all col-
lected about one spot, though there may be no refuse to entice
them thither: or, if some garbage be thrown out, their dexterity
at clutching whatever they can seize without alighting, a number
of them rapidly following each other and descending thus in the
most crowded streets, affords a curious spectacle. A few will gene-
rally alight and mingle among their fellow-scavengers the crows,
while a crowd of others are circling and dashing over them, and
stooping as they sweep by. In illustration of their boldness, I
may mention that I once received a smart knock from the wing
of one of these birds in a crowded bazaar, as it passed close to
my shoulder from behind. The direct flight of this kite, when not
sailing, is heavy and laboured, being relieved at intervals by gliding
with motionless wings. Numbers may commonly be seen overhead
buoyantly floating and gliding in easy curves, yet keeping much
together, whether sailing high or low; and their descent upon any
garbage is very rapid, and often spiral. They are decidedly social,

*.

32 CATALOGUE.

and many may daily be seen together sitting on a dead tree, or the
parapet of a house, pruning and sunning themselves, while others
are sailing about above them.

Their often-repeated cry is a tremulous shrill squeal (whence the
native appellation, Cheele) resembling that of the British Kate.
They subsist mainly on filth and refuse, but will readily pick up
a chick or wounded bird, and I once knew one to kill a full-grown
hen; this, however, was considered rather an anomalous occurrence ;
and they seem to be generally on excellent terms with the crows,
though I have been told, and on good authority, that a kite will
sometimes seize a crow, probably when pressed by hunger, albeit
the uproarious clamour of all the crows in the neighbourhood, sure
to collect on such an occasion, might suffice to deter him from
doing so a second time. During the rainy season, the Kites
totally leave Calcutta for three or four months, not, however,
for breeding, for the young have then all flown.”—(Ann. Nat.
Hist. XIT. p. 92.)

Dr. F. Buchanan Hamilton in his MS., remarks, “ When full, it
delights to sit on the entablatures of buildings, where it exposes
its back to the hottest rays of the sun, placing its breast against
the wall and stretching out its wings exactly as the Egyptian Hawk
is represented on their monuments.”’ |

III. ACCIPITRIN-A.

Genus Sprizaiirus, Vieill., Analys. etc. p. 24 (1816).
Puumirepa, Flem. Phil. of Zool. IL. p. 234 (1822).
Harpyia, Spix., Av. Bras. I. (1824).

Limnanrus, Vigors, Mem. Raffl. App. p. 649 (1830).
Nisartus, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. B. (1836), p. 227.
Sprzastur, Less., Compl. Buff. VII. p. 88 (1887).

Lopnairus et Prervra, Kaup.

88. SPIZAETUS LIMNZETUS, Horsf, Sp.

Falco limneétus, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 138 ;
Zool. Res. in Java. Lath., Hist. I. p. 164. G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds. I. p.14. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p.41. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 24.

CATALOGUE. 95

Limnaétus Horsfieldii, Vigors, Mem. Raffl. App. p. 649.

Astur unicolor, Temm. Pl. Col. 134.

Spizaétus cirrhatus, apud G. R. Gray, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p-16. Bonap., C. Gt. Av. p. 29.

Lake Falcon, Lath.

Worv-rawa, Java, Horsf.

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
b. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.
c. Locality unknown.

“ This is a scarce bird in Java. I found it but once, resorting to
the extensive lakes formed during the rainy season in the southern
parts of the island, where it feeds on fishes. I never met with it
throughout the extent of the northern sea-coast.’’—(Horsf., Zool.
Researches in Java.)

39. SPIZAETUS CALIGATUS, Raffles Sp.

Falco caligatus, Raff., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 278.
Limnaétus caligatus, Vigors, Mem. Raffl. App. p. 649.
Falco niveus, Zemm. Pl. Col. 127.
Nisaétus niveus, Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn.
Nisaétus pallidus, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. VI. p. 361.
Spizaétus cirrhatus, apud G. R. Gray, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p.16. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 29.
Spizaéctus limnaétus, apud Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
p. 24. sal
2 Nisaétus alboniger, Blyth, Journ. A. S. B. XIV.
p. T4385 XV. p. 3.
Lane TamsBixar, Sumatra, Raffles.
A. Himalaya. + From W. Griffith’s Collection.
b. Drawing. Sumatra. From Sir T. 8. Raffles’s Collection.

c. Drawing. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
d. e. Drawing. Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

(Var. A.) SPIZAETUS CRISTATELLUS, Temm.

Falco. cristatellus, Temm., Pl. Col. 282.
- Nisaétus cristatella, Hldiot, Madr. Journ. L. S. X.
p. 234. Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn.

£

34 CATALOGUE.

Falco Lathami, Tickell (nec. Gray), Journ. As. 8S. B.
II. p. 59.

Suan Baz and Sapat, Hind., Elliot. Blyth.

A. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.
B. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

“‘ Sits on the tops of the highest trees on the watch for hares, pea-
fowl, and jungle-fowl, on which it swoops from its elevated perch.
Solitary.”-—(Ellhiot, Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 234.)

40. SPIZAETUS HASTATUS, Less. Sp.
Morphnus hastatus, Less., Voy. de Belang. Zool. p. 217.
Spizaétus hastatus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 14.
Aquila hastata, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 27.
Spizaétus punctatus, Jerd.

Limnaétus unicolor, apud Blyth, Journ. A. S. B. XII.
p. 128.

Spizaétus cirrhatus, apud Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 29.

JiyapHA and GuTI-MAR (“cocoon-destroyer’’), Hind.,
Blyth.

a. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
b. Bengal. Presented by Dr. Falconer.

This bird, according to Mr. Blyth, “is a plunderer of nests. A
specimen shot by Mr. Frith in Mymunseng, first attracted that
gentleman’s attention by the alarm which was manifested upon
its approach to a large banyan-tree, upon which were several of
the deep and massive nests of the (Stwrnus contra), one of which
it immediately proceeded to pull to pieces to rob it of its con-
tents, in which operation it was shot.’”’—(Journ. A. 8. Beng. XII.
p- 128.)

41. SPIZAETUS KIENERII, De Sparre Sp.
Astur Kienerii, De Sparre.

Spizaétus Kienerii, Gerv., Mag. de Zool. (1835) Ois.
t.35. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.14. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 29.

CATALOGUE. 35

Nisattus Kienerii, Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn.
Spizaétus albogularis, Tickell, Journ. A. S. B. XI. p. 456.

a. Darjecling. Presented by J. T. Pearson, Esq.

42. SPIZAETUS OCCIPITALIS, Daud. Sp.

Falco occipitalis, Daud., Tr. d’Orn. II. p. 40. Lath.,
Hist. I. p. 139. 3

Spizaétus occipitalis, Vieill., Encyc. Meth. p. 1259.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 14; Cat. B.
Brit. Mus. p. 15. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 28.

Harpyia occipitalis, Swains., Class. B. II. p. 208.

Lophaétus occipitalis, Kaup, Isis (1847), p. 165.

Apagoota, Abyssinia, oth.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

_ “ The crest of this bird is half-erect when it sits, and gives it from
a distance the appearance of a Cacatua. Found in the wilderness of
Geddem. Feeds on locusts.”—(Dr. Roth’s MS. Report.)

Genus Accrpirer, Briss., Orn. I. p. 314 (1760).

Nisus, Cuv., Anat. Comp. (1799).
Iprax, Leach, Cat. Brit. Birds (1816).

_ Hieraspiza, Kaup, Class. der Seug. und Veg. p. 116.
Urnospiza, Kaup, Mus. Senckenb. (1845), p. 259.

43. ACCIPITER NISUS, Linn. Sp

Falco nisus, Linn. S. N. I. p. 180. Lath. Hist.
p- 181.

Accipiter nisus, Pallas, Zoog. 1. p. 370. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 29; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 70.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 47. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. Beng. p. 21. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 32.

Accipiter fringilarius, Ray, Syn. p. 18.

Accipiter Dussumieri, apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. W.
X. p. 84, nec. Temm. et Sykes.

Accipiter nisosimilis, Tickell, Journ. A. S. Beng. II.
p- 571.

Accipiter subtypicus, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844),
‘Pp. Si;

36

CATALOGUE.

The Sparrow-Hawk. .
Basu, female, BasHren or Basutn, male, Hind., Jerd.
AtmeseH (Arabic), Babylon, Jones.

Srxar Batam, Sumatra, Raffles.

A. Darjeeling. Presented by J. T. Pearson, Esq.

B. Bengal, c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
d. and Drawing. Sumatra. From Sir T. 8. Raffles’s Col-

lection.

e. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Ff. g. Babylon. Presented by Commander Jones.

h. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
i. j. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

44. ACCIPITER TACHIRO, Daud. Sp.

Falco tachiro, Daud., Tr. d’Orn. II. p. 90. Lath., Hist.
I. p. 211.

Accipiter tachiro, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 29;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p.71. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 82.

Falco polyzonus, Temm., Pl. Col. 337.

Faleo unduliventer, Riipp., Faun. Abyss. t. 18, f. 1.
The Speckled Sparrow-Hawk.

Bast, Abyssinia, Roth, MS.

A. Abyssima. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

45. ACCIPITHR RUFIVENTEIS, Smith.

Accipiter rufiventris, Smith, S. Afr. Quarterly Journ.
(1830), p. 231; Ll. Zool. S. Afr. Aves, t.93. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 29; Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. p.'71. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 82.

Falco exilis, Temm., Pl. Col. 496.
Falco perspicillaris, Ripp., Faun. Abyss. t. 18, f: 2.
The Red-bellied Hawk.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

“ Feeds on small birds.’”’—(Dr. Roth’s MS. Report.)

CATALOGUE. 37

46. ACCIPITER VIRGATUS, Temm. Sp.

Falco virgatus, Reinw. Temm., Pl. Col. 109.

Accipiter virgatus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 29 ;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 73. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 48.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 22. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 82.

Accipiter besra et fringillarius, Jerd , Madr. Journ. L. 8.
X. p. 84; Ill. Ind. Orn. t. 4, 29.

Accipiter affinis, Hodgs., Beng. Sport. Mag. (1836),
p.179. G. R. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 81.

Accipiter Dussumieri, apud Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 79.

? Accipiter nisoides, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 127. fe .

The Streaked Hawk. |

Brsra or Basra, female, Duoter or Dart, male

- Hind., Jerd.
VaisHTapa Dyaga, Telugu, Jerd.
Oor Cuitter (Canarese of the Halapyk caste), Jerd.

A. Assam. From W. Griffith’s Collection.

b. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. 8. Raffles.

c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

d. Tenasserim. Presented by J. W. Helfer, Esq. .

e. Bengal. Presented by Dr. Falconer.

f. Drawing. King of Tanjore’s. From J. Torin, Esq.
g. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

_ “ The Besra is a comparatively rare Hawk, though well known, by
name at least, to every native who takes an interest in hawking. Its
permanent resorts are the large and lofty forests of Western India,
and it is only after the breeding season is over, about July, that a
few birds, usually young ones, straggle to various portions of the
eastern parts of the Peninsula, and there only to districts more than
usually wooded or jungly. Here they remain a few months and
return again to the western forests for the purpose of breeding.
Mr. Elliot says that he ‘ has only met with it in the Soonda jungles
(in Canara), where it is taken young by a caste called Halapyks,
and sold to faleoners from Hyderabad.’ I have reason to believe
that several individuals are annually captured in certain districts on

38 CATALOGUE.

the eastern coast, where from time immemorial they have been known
to resort to on migrating from the western coast.

The Besra and other short-winged Hawks, as well as occasionally
the Luggur and some of the Falcons, are usually caught by what is
called among falconers the Do Guz. This is a small thin net from
four to five feet long, and about three feet broad, stained of a dark
colour, and fixed between two thin pieces of bamboo, by a cord on
which it runs. The bamboos are fixed lightly in the ground, and a
living bird is picketed about the middle of the net, and not quite a
foot distant from it. The Hawk makes a dash at the bird, which it
sees struggling at its tether, and in the keenness of its rush, either
not observing the net from its dark colour, or not heeding it, dashes
into it, the two side sticks give way, and the net folds round the bird
so effectually as to keep it almost from fluttering.

The Besra is said to be somewhat more difficult to train than
most of the Hawks, and it is a delicate bird and requires great care
and attention, especially during the hot season. It is highly
esteemed among native falconers, and sells for a considerable
price. It is very speedy, and particularly active and clever in
jungle, which its habits, as a denizen of the forests in its wild
state, peculiarly fit it for. It is chiefly flown at the partridge, which
it seizes in general with great ease and certainty; also occasionally
at quails, snipes, and doves. The male, or Dhotee, is but seldom
trained, and is then flown at sparrows, brahminy mynas (Pastor
pagodarum), and other small birds.’’—(Jerdon, Il. Ind. Orn.)

Genus Micronisus, G.R. Gray, List Gen. of Birds, p.5 (1840).

Nisastur, Blyth (1844).

Tacuyspiza, Kaup, Class. der Seug. und Veg. p. 116
(1844).

SceLospiza, Kaup, Isis (1847), p. 173.

47. MICRONISUS SOLOENSIS, Horsf. Sp.

Falco soloénsis, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 137,
Lath., Hist. I. p. 209.

Micronisus soloénsis, G. &. Gray, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p. 75. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 33.

Accipiter soloénsis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 29.

Tachyspiza soloénsis, Kaup, Class. der Seug. und Vaeg.
p- 116.

CATALOGUE. 39

Falco cuculoides, Temm., Pl. Col. 110 9,129 ¢.
The Soolo Falcon.
Axtapr-AtuaP, Java, Horsf.

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

48. MICRONISUS BADIUS, Gmel. Sp.

Falco badius, Gimel., S. N. LZ. I. p. 280. Lath., Hist.
I. p. 210.

Micronisus badius, Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 48. G. R.
Gray, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p.75. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 22. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 33.

Accipiter badius, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 29.

Faleo Brownii, Shaw. 7

Falco Dussumierii, Zemm., Pl. Col. 308, 336, nec. Jerd.
et Sykes.

Accipiter dukhunensis, Sykes, Proc. Z. 8. (1832), p. 79.
Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 83.

Accipiter scutarius, Hodgs., Beng. Sport. Mag. (1886),
p. 180.

Accipiter fringillaroides, Hodgs., Beng. Sport. Maq. (1836),
p.179. G. R. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 81.

Brown’s Hawk, Lath.

Calcutta Sparrow-Hawk and Chippuck Falcon, Lath.

Shield-shinned Hawk, Hodgs.

Suixra, female, Curppuck (or Curpxa, Jerd.), male,
Hind., Blyth.

Karuta of Nepal (male, Tunna), Hodgs.

THinkyet-Ma, Arracan, Blyth.

a. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

b. N. India. From Bell’s Collection.

c. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.

d. Afghanistan. From W. Griffith’s Collection.

e. f. g. Drawings. King of Tanjore’s. From J.

Torin, Esq. |

h. «. Drawings. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Col-
lection.

“The Shikra is a well-known and common bird, and is more
frequently trained than any other bird of prey in India. It is a

40 CATALOGUE.

bold though not a very speedy bird, yet will seize partridges or
quails, and strike down a crow or even a larger bird. se erd., Ill.
Ind. Orn.)

Genus Mrnrerax, @. R. Gray, List Gen. of Birds, p. 5 (1840).

49. MELIERAX MUSICUS, Daud. Sp-

Falco musicus, Daud., Tr. d’ Orn. II. p. 116.

_Melierax musicus, G. R. Gray, List Gen. of Birds, p. 5;

Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p.'77. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 34.

Nisus canorus, Less., Tr. d’ Orn. p. 62.
Falco polyzonus, Ripp., Faun. Abyss. t. 15, f. 1.
Astur (Melierax) cantans, Kaup, Isis (1847), p. 192.
The Chanting Falcon.

A. b. c. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

say PoLtoRNIs, Kaup, Class. der Saug. und ied p. 122
(1844).
Burtastur, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. XII. p. sil.

50. POLIORNIS TEESA, Frankl. Sp.

Circus teesa, Frankl., Proc. Z. 8. (1831), p. 115.

‘Poliornis teesa, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.30; Cat.
B. Brit. Mus. p. 67. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 47.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 21. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 18.

Buteo teesa, G. df H., Ill. Ind. Zool. Il. t. 30. Jerd.,
Madr. Journ. L. S. X. p. 76.

Butastur teesa, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 811.

Astur hyder, Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1832), p. 79.

The Teesa Hawk.

Trsa.or Trnsa, Hind., Jerd. Blyth.

A. B. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel gens

c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

d. Young. Bengal. Presented by the Reverend F. W.
Hope.

e. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

Mr. Jerdon remarks: “ I have only hitherto seen the Teesa in the
more northern portion of the Deccan, and it increases in number as

CATALOGUE. AY

/
you advance to the northward. About Jaulnah, it is very numerous.
It frequents topes as well as the open country, where it may be seen
seated on low trees and bushes, an ant-hill, or the banks of rivers,
whence it pounces on mice, lizards, small snakes, and various large
insects and their larve. Mr. Elliot, in his ‘ Notes,’ says, ‘ It is said
to be fond of crabs. It certainly does not refuse them. I saw a
Parsee catch one directly by baiting his springes or nooses with a
crab.’

The flight of the Teesa is tolerably rapid, performed by repeated
strokes of the wings, exactly like that of the Kestril, for which at a
distance I have occasionally mistaken it. Its flight too in general is
low. I have seen it several times take a much more extended flight
than usual over a rumna, flying at a low elevation, and now and then
rising slowly a few feet, and I observed it apparently capture a
locust or some other insect on the wing. (Madr. Journ. L. S.
X. p. 77.)

Genus Astur, Lacep., Mém. de l’Inst. Il. p. 506 (1806).
Dapation, Sav., Des. de l’ Kgyp. H. N. p. 92 (1809).

Levcospiza et Lopnospiza, Kaup, Class. der Seug. und
Veg. p. 118 Beye

51. ASTUR PALUMBARIUS, Linn. Sp.

Falco palumbarius, Zinn. S. N. I. p. 180. Lath., Hist.
I. p. 106.

Astur palumbarius, Beckst., V. G. Deutschl. II. p. 268.
Gould, Birds Eur. t.17. G. R. Gray, Gen. Birds,
I. p. 27; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 63. Hodgs., Cat.
B. Nep. p. 47. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 23. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 81.

Falco gallinarius, Gmel., S. NV. L. I. p. 266.

Accipiter astur, Pall., Zoogr. ¢. 11.

The Goshawk, Lath.

Baz or Baz Kuan, female, Jurra, male, Hind., Blyth.

Suanpaz (“hawk king’), Scinde, Burton.

Buavse, Mundy.

a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
b. Nepal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

c. d. e. Drawings. King of Tanjore’s. From J, Torin, Esq.
g

42 CATALOGUE.

52. ASTUR TRIVIRGATUS, Temm. Sp.

Falco trivirgatus, Temm., Pl. Col. 303.

Astur trivirgatus, Cuv., Rég. An. (1829), I. p. 332.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 27; Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. p. 65. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 47. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 23. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. ol.

Lophospiza trivirgatus, Kaup, Classif. der Seug. und
Vag. p. 118.

Astur indicus, Hodgs., Beng. Sport. Mag. (1838), p.177.
Spizaétus rufitinctus, WceClell., P. Z. S. (1839), p. 153.

Astur cristatus, G. R. Gray, Ann. Nat. Hist. (1843),
p: 371.

Astur palumbarius, apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X.
p. 85.

Gar Bazra, Manix Bazra, Koreswor, Hind., Blyth.
JaMAL Katya and Jurye of Nepal, Hodgs.
Cuunriatt, of the Eastern Tarai, Nepal, Hodgs.

a. and Drawing (Sp. rufitinctus, MWcClell.). Assam.
Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.

“ Tt inhabits the banks of the Burhampooter and other rivers in
Assam, where it conceals itself in bushes and grass, along the verge
of the water, seizing such fishes as approach the surface within its
reach.”’—(McClelland, Proc. Z. 8. (1839), p. 154.)

Mr. Jerdon obtained a specimen of what he considered a young
male Baz (Astur palumbarius), but which is identical with this species,
“seated on a bough, in one of the thick woods of the Neilgherries
close to Ootacamund. He several times afterwards observed a pair of
apparently the same birds hunting together near Coonoor, where
they had committed several depredations on some pigeons, and he
one day saw them make an unsuccessful swoop at a flock of pigeons
close to the house. Their flight was swift, similar to that of the ~
sparrow-hawks, but at a considerable height, whence they made a
sudden pounce.”—(Madr. Journ. L. S. X. p. 85.)

CATALOGUE. — - * (48

IV. AQUILINA.

Genus Aquita, Mehr., Av. Gen. p. 49 (1752).

Aitos, Nitz., Pterylog. p. 31 (1840).

Onycuaitus, Kaup, Class. der Seug. und Veg. p. 120
(1844).

Ictinaittus, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. p. 177 (1844).

Uroaétus, et Prerosiitus, et Hieraitus, Kaup (1844).

Herteropvus, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 881
(1842).

Neopus, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 81.

Totmaitus, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XV. p. 5.

538. AQUILA PHENNATA, Gmel. Sp.

Falco pennata, Gmel., 8..N.L. 1. p. 272. Lath., Hist.
I. p. 69.

Aquila pennata, Cuv., Rég. An. (1829), p. 325. Zemm.,
Pl. Col. 33. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 14;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p.18. -Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p. 41. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 14.

Hieraétus pennatus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 28.

Aquila minuta, Brehm., Veg. Deutschl. 1. p. 29, t. 2, f. 2.

Spizaétus milvoides, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. X. p. 75.

Butaquila strophiata, Hodgs.

The Booted Eagle, Lath.

A. Bengal. Presented by General Hardwicke.

b. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

“ This bird is a noted robber of the dovecot and poultry-yard,
whose depredations are probably often mistaken for those of the
Kite.”—(Blyth, Journ. A. 8. B. XV. p. 8.)

‘Mr. Jerdon also remarks: “ My attention was first called to this
bird at Trichinopoly, by Mr. Hooper, C.S., who shot a specimen in
the act of pouncing on some of his pigeons. I occasionally after-
wards recognised it, as I thought, among the Kites, and saw it
attempt to swoop off chickens and pigeons. Its appearance in the

44, CATALOGUE.

air and mode of flight much resemble that of the kite, but the crows

appear to distinguish it readily, and often clamorously pa 1t.”’—
(Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 75.)

54. AQUILA NAVIOIDES, Cue. Sp. 7
Falco nevioides, Cwv., Rtég. Ann. (1829), I. p. 326.
Aquila nevioides, Kaup, Isis (1847), p. 247. G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.13; Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p. 11. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 40. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 27. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 14.

Falco rapax, Temm., Pl. Col. 455.

Aquila vindhiana, Franki., P. Z. 8. (1831), p. 11. Jerd.
Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 67.

Aquila choka, Smith, 8S. Afr. Quarterly Journ. I. p. 114.

Falco albicans, Ripp., Faun. Abyss. t. 18.

Aquila punctata, G. § H., Ill. Ind. Zool. I. t. 16.

Aquila fusca et fulvescens, G. & H., Lil. Ind. Zool. 11.
#. 27, 29.

The Tawny Eagle.
Woxnas, Hind., Jerd.

A. Bengal. From Blagrave’s Collection.
B, Locality and Donor unknown.
C. D. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

e. N. India. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

“The Wokhab is the most abundant Eagle in India. I have seen
it both in the Carnatic, though more rarely, and on the table-land,
where it is tolerably common. In the Carnatic it chiefly frequents
hilly districts clad with low jungle. In the Deccan it frequents, by
preference, the cultivated lands near villages. Till an hour or two
after sunrise, it may be seen seated on the top of some tree, after
which it sallies forth, sailing about at a moderate height in general
(though it varies much in this respect) over the fields, valleys, and
ravines, with a slow circling flight, or in company with the kites,
like which, it is ever on the look-out; hovers over villages, towns,
and cantonments. They prey upon hares (as I have ascertained, in
one or two instances, from the contents of their stomach), and other

CATALOGUE. 45

game, also rats, lizards, snakes, and insects; occasionally also pounce
on an unwary bird, and in fact feed upon almost any kind of food,
living or dead, which, however, they obtain perhaps, less by their
own industry than by robbing other birds, kites,. falcons, and other
birds of prey. From Mr. Elliot’s ‘Notes’ I extract the following:
‘The Wokhab is very troublesome in hawking after the sun
becomes hot, mistaking the jesses for some kind of prey, and
pouncing on the falcon to seize it. I have once or twice nearly
lost Shaheens in consequence, they flying to great distances from
fear of the Wokhab.’ A specimen I possessed alive, was not very
particular as to its food. It frequently snatched morsels from a
Golden Eagle I kept with it, to which the latter in general quietly
submitted ; it is a very noisy bird, frequently uttering a shrill scream,
and has a great share of curiosity, walking up to, and carefully and
thoroughly examining every new comer I place in the same apart-
ment. It is apparently a very easily domesticated bird, and perhaps
might be taught to hunt hares, &c.”—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8.
X. p. 68.)

5d. AQUILA NAVIA, Gmel. Sp.
Falco nevia, Gmel., S. N. L. I. p. 258. Lath., Hist. I.
p. 65.

Aquila nevia, Meyer, Taschend. I. p.19. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 18; Oat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 10.
fTodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p.40. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus.
A. 8. Beng. p.27. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 14.

Aquila melanaétus, Sav., Desc. de l’Egyp. H. N. I.
p. 84.

Aquila bifasciata, Hornsch. (nec. Gray).
Aquila clanga, Pall., Zoogr. I. p. 351.

Aquila vittata, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 81.

Rough-footed Eagle, Lath.
Katsanea, Hind, Dr. F (B.) Hamilton, MS. II.

p. 9.
Baxayart, Jrvapua, Jd. MS. II. p. 7, 8.

AacaB (Arabic), Babylon, Jones.

a. b. Babylon. Presented by Commander Jones.
ce. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

46 CATALOGUE.

56. AQUILA BONELLII, Temm. Sp.

Falco Bonellii, Zemm., Pl. Col. 288.

Aquila Bonellii, Bonap., Geog. Comp. List Birds of Eur.
and N. Amer. p.2. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I
p.14; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p.11. Hodgs., Cat. B.
Nep. p. 40. Bonap., 0. G. Av. p. 14.

Tolmaétus Bonellii, Blyth, Journ. A. S. B. XV. p. 5;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 26.

Aquila intermedia, Bonelli, Mém. de V Acad. Turin.

Nisaétus grandis, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. V. p. 230;
Beng. Sport. Mag. (1886), p. 34. Jerd., Ill. Ind.
Orn. t. 1.

Nisaétus niveus ? apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X.
p. 69.

Large Hawk Eagle, Jerd.

Muyorvunean or MuorunGceet, Hind., Jerd.
Satwa, Teloogoo, Jerd.

RasaLexL, Tamool, Jerd.

a. b. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“The Mhorungah is certainly a rare bird in southern India. I
have only seen it twice, once in Baramahl, seated on the edge of a
tank in the neighbourhood of a jungly district, and again a- pair
seated on a lofty tree, in a tope in open country in the northern
part of the Deccan. Mr. Hodgson says the habits of the genus are
as follows: ‘ Preys on jungle-fowl, partridges, hares, watches from a
lofty perch, usually pouncing on its game when near it, sometimes
pursues with energy on the wing.’ Mr. Elliot in his ‘ Notes’ says:
‘Is the noblest of the Indian Eagles, being seldom seen, and then
generally at a great height in the air, in wild places. It preys on
the hare. I once saw a pair of them hunting in company, which
nearly surprised a — pouncing on him on the ground.’ ”’—
(Jerd., Madr. J. L. 8S. X. p. 669.) “ The large Hawk Eagle is dis-
jenseal over the whole continent of India from the Himalayas to
Cape Comorin, but cannot be said to.be an abundant species, though
few districts are not occasionally frequented or visited by them. It
chiefly affects the more wooded and jungly districts, and especially
the neighbourhood of hills and mountain-ranges. It is much on
the. wing, sailing at a great height, and making its appearance at

CATALOGUE. 47

certain spots in the district it frequents, always about the same
hour. It may often be seen seated on the summit of a lofty tree, or
on some overhanging rock. I have observed it chiefly on the
Neilgherries, along the range of western and northern Ghauts, also
though more sparingly in the bare Deccan and Carnatic. It preys
by preference on various kinds of game, hares, jungle-fowl, spur-
fowl, and partridges, and even on pea-fowl; also on ducks, herons,
and other water-fowl, and according to the testimony of native
Shikarees, it has been known to strike down the Douk (Tantalus
leucocephalus). Most native falconers too, have stories to relate of
its having carried off a favourite hawk. On one occasion on the
Neilgherries, I observed it stoop successively at a spur-fowl, hare, and
pea-fowl, each time unsuccessfully, however, owing to the thickness of
the jungle. A pair were also wont to resort to a village at the hills
and carry offfowls. Great havoc was committed among several pigeon-
houses on the Neilgherries by a pair of these eagles, and indeed I
heard that one or two were completely devastated by them. The
manner in which they captured the pigeons was described to me by
two or three eyewitnesses, to be as follows: on the pigeons taking
flight, one of the eagles pounced down from a vast height on the
flock, but directing its swoop rather under the pigeons than directly
at them. Its mate, watching the moment when, alarmed by the first
swoop, the pigeons rise in confusion, pounces unerringly on one of
them, and carries it off. The other Eagle, having risen again, also
makes another stoop, which is generally fatal. I have not yet been
fortunate enough to meet with the nest of this Hawk Eagle, but it
is said by native Shikarees to build on steep and inaccessible cliffs,
and to breed in January and February.”’—(Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn.)

57. AQUILA CHRYSAETOS, Linn. Sp.

Falco chrysaétos, Linn., S. N. 1. p. 125.

Aquila chrysaétos, Pall., Zoogr. I. p.341. Yarrell, Brit.
B.I. p.1l. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 138;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p.9. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A.
S. B. p. 26. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 18.

Falco niger, Gmel., S. NV. L. I. p. 259.

Falco americanus, G'mel., S. N. D. I. p, 257.

Falco melanotus, Lath., Ind. Orn. I. p. 16.

Aquila daphenia, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844)
p. 81. .

The Golden Eagle.

48 CATALOGUE.

a. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
b. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

58. AQUILA IMPERIALIS, Bechst. Sp.

Falco imperialis, Bechst., Taschenb. Deuts. III. p. 55.
Temm., Pl. Col. 151, 152.

Aguila a aaa Cuww., Reg. An. I. p. 309. G. and H.,
Ill. Ind. Zool. Il. t¢. 28. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p.- 40. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 26.

Aquila mogilnik, Gmel., S. NV. ZL. I. p. 259. Lath.,
Hist. I. p. 52. G. BR. Gray, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p- 10.

Aquila heliaca, Sav., Desc. de l’ Eqgyp. H. N. I. p. 22,
apud Bonap., C. G. Av. p.138. G. BR. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, I. p. 18.

Aquila bifasciata, G. and H., Ill. Ind. Zool. I. t.17 (nee.
Hornsch.). Sykes, P. Z. 8S. (1832), p. 79. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 14.

Aquila nipalensis, Hodgs., As. Res. XVIII. ¢. 18.

Aquila chrysaétos, apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8S. X.
p. 66.

The Imperial Eagle.

Joomiz or Joomsiz, Hind., Jerd.

Frus, Beng., Blyth. tr

Wonto, Arracan, Blyth.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
b. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
c. Locality unknown.

Mr. Jerdon observes: “I several times saw birds of this species,
both single and in pairs, in the more northern parts of the Deccan,
many of which showed the white mark at the base of the tail, which
gained for it the name of the ring-tailed Eagle, and I procured a speci-
men near the Godaveryriver; I frequently also saw them near Jaulnah,
even close to the cantonment, and they are occasionally seen to
pursue and strike at hares, florikin, and other game, started by
sportsmen. This Eagle may generally be seen seated on the ground,
or on a stone on the rocky hills, in the neighbourhood of Jaulnah,

CATALOGUE, 49

whence, after the sun has been up for some time, it takes a flight in
search of prey, at no great elevation, hunting slowly over the bushy
valleys and ravines, and also over the cultivated ground occasionally ;
after which, if unsuccessful in its search, it reseats itself on a stone
on some eminence, or even perches on a neighbouring tree, where it
patiently waits till some quarry is raised or viewed, or till hunger
again prompts it to take a flight. I obtained a specimen alive. It
feeds most greedily on raw meat, preferring it to birds or animals,
either dead or living. It is very sluggish and inactive, even when
urged by hunger. It generally drinks a gulp or two of water after
eating. The only cry I have heard it utter, is a harsh croaking.”—
(Madr. Journ. L, 8. X. p. 66.)

59. AQUILA
AxrrrMeE (Arabic), Babylon, Jones.

?

a. b. Babylon. Presented by Commander Jones.

Genus Hzmatornis, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1831), p. 170.
SPILORNIS, G. BR. Gray, List Gen. of B. (1840), p. 4.
60. HAMATORNIS BACHA, Daud. Sp. ‘

Falco bacha, Daud., Tr. d’Orn. II. p. 48. Lath., Hist.
I. p.172. Le Vaill., Ois. d’ Afr. t. 15.

Hematornis bacha, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 179.

Spilornis bacha, G. R. Gray, List Gen. B. (1840), p. 4.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 16.

Circaétus bacha, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 16;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 18.

Falco bido, Horsf., Linn. Trans. XIII. p. 137. Lath.,
Hist. I. p. 149.

The Bacha Eagle, Lath.
Brno, Java, Horsf.

A. b. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
ce. Drawing. Ditto.

d. Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. 8. Raffles.
h

50

CATALOGUE.

61. HAMATORNIS HOLOSPILUS, Vigors.

Buteo holospilus, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1831), p. 96.
Spilornis holospilus, G. R. Gray, List Birds of Brit.
Mus. (1840), p. 10. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 17.

Circaétus holospilus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 16,
t.7; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 19.

a. Presented by — Frith, Esq.

62. HAMATORNIS CHEELA, Daud. Sp.

Falco cheela, Daud., Tr. d’Orn. II. p. 44. Lath., Hist.
I. p. 145. Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. p. 14.

Hematornis cheela, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. B. XIV. p. 179;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 19.

Circaétus cheela, G. RB. Gray, Gen. of Birds, III. App.
p-1; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 18.

Spilornis cheela, Kaup. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 17.

Hematornis undulatus, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1831), p. 170.
Gould, Cent. of B. t.1. G. R. Gray, Gen. Birds,
I. p. 16.

Circaétus undulatus, Jerd., Madr. J. L. 8. X. p. 70.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 42. Blyth, An. Nat. Hist.
XII. p. 91.

Circaétus nipalensis, Hodgs., As. Res. XVIII. part II.
p- 20, @. 2.

Circaétus mithilensis et tarayensis et maculatior, Hodgs.
Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 81.

Buteo bacha, apud Frankl., P. Z. 8. (1831), p.114. Sykes,
_ BP. Z. 8. (1882), p. 79.

Buteo melanotis, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. XIII.
p. 196.

? Falco albidus, Cuv. Zemm., Pl. Col. 19, jun.

Cheela Eagle, Lath.

Crested Serpent Eagle, Jerd.

Goomcan-MooRyALA, Mahr., Jerd. Blyth.

Trtar-Bas (“ spotted Hawk”), Beng., Blyth.

CATALOGUE. 51

SaBcuur (“ full-crested”’), young, Blyth.
FoorsBas, Saharunpore, Royle.
Dovunerswon, Arracan, Blyth.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

B. Bootan. Presented by R. B. Pemberton, Esq.

C. Bengal. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.

d.e. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

f. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

Mr. Jerdon mentions, “I have found this bird in Goomsoor,
Travancore, Malabar, and the Baramahl. Jt almost always affects
woody situations, preferring lofty jungle, over which it may often be
observed slowly sailing, or seated on a lofty tree, watching for its
prey. Its chief food is snakes, which I have found in every instance
that came under my observation. Mr. Elliot says, ‘it utters a plain-
tive cry, feeds’on snakes, lizards, and insects.’ ’’—(Madr. J. L. 8. X.
p- 70.) Mr. Blyth says it is “extremely common in Lower Bengal,
preferring a jungly country, with shallow jheels and tanks, where
it preys much on frogs, which it clutches in the mud.’’—(Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 19.)

Genus Circaiitus, Vieill., Anal. p. 23 (1816).

63. CIRCAETUS GALLICUS, Gmel. Sp.
Falco gallicus, Gmel., S. N. ZL. I. p. 259. Lath., Hist.
I. p. 64. |

Circaétus gallicus, Bote, Isis (1822), p. 549. G. RB.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p.16; Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p.17. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A.S. Beng. p.19. Bonap.,
C.. G. Av. p. 16.

Aquila brachydactyla, Meyer, Taschenb. Deuts. I. p. 21.

Circaétus brachydactylus, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 78.
Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 70.

Aquila pygargus, Briss., Orn. I. p. 443.
Jean le blanc Eagle, Lath.

Harrier Hagle and Serpent Eagle, Jerd.
Sap-MaRiILo (“snake-killer ’’), Beng., Blyth.
SaMp-MAR (“ snake-killer’’), Hind., Jerd.

Mutpatur, Canarese, Jerd.

Cn
by

CATALOGUE.

a. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

b. Bengal. Presented by Dr. Falconer.

“This species is very generally spread over the country. It affects
chiefly the open plains and patches of cultivated ground. It may
frequently be observed perched on a low tree, or even a bowrie pole,
or seated on the bank of a river, whence it occasionally darts on its
prey, but generally takes a long and lofty circling flight, or flies
heavily along, but a few yards above the ground. The most
favourite food of the Samp-mar is, as its Indian name implies,
snakes. It will, however, take other food. Colonel Sykes found a
rat in the stomach of one. I saw one strike at a wounded hare, and
another make a swoop at a teal that was shot. From Mr. Elliot’s
‘Notes’ I take the following: ‘ Pounces on snakes and guanas;
my Meer Shikar has seen them on the ground with their claws on
the snake’s head, its body coiled round the bird’s wings, in which
state the herd-boys sometimes kill them. The Yerklees say it has a
figure of the god Chukram under each wing, by which it prevents
the snake going forward. In the stomach of one I found a snake,
about two feet long, and a centipede.’ ”’—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8.
<p. 70.)

Genus Panpion, Sav., Desc. de l’Egyp. H. N. I. p. 95 (1809).
- -Ieuruyaitus, Lafr., Rev. Zool. (1839), p. 196.
Poxioaitus, Kaup, Isis (1847), p. 270.
64. PANDION HALIAETUS, Linn. Sp.

Falco haliaétus, Zinn., 8S. N. I. p. 129. Lath. Hist.
I. p. 58; Pl. Enl. 414. Dr. F. (B.) Hamilt.,
MS. p. 4.

Pandion haliaétus, Cuv., Rég. An. I. p. 316. Jerd.,
Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 64. G. RB. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, I. p. 17; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 22.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 42. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus.
A, S. Beng. 29. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 16.

Pandion fluvialis, Sav., Desc. de l’ Egyp. H. N. I. p. 96.

Pandion indicus, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. V1. p. 366.

The Osprey, Lath.

Fish-Eagle or Fish-Hawk, Jerd.

CATALOGUE.

Ox
lh)

Mucuarenra, Hind., Jerd. ; also,
Marton-mManea, Hind., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton.
Matcu-morot and Bata, Beng., Blyth.
Macwarana, Nepal, Hodgs.
Wowytet, Arracan, Blyth.

a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

b. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

65. PANDION ICHTHY AETUS, Horsf. Sp.

Falco ichthyaétus, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 136;
Zool. Res. in Java, t. 34. Lath., Hist. I. p. 160.

Pandion ichthyaétus, G. BR. Gray, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p. 23. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 16.

Haliaétus ichthyaétus, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X.
p. 65.

Pontoaétus ichthyaétus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.

p. 18. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 42. Blyth, Cat.
B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 30.

Haliaétus plumbeus, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8S. Beng. VI.
p. 367. |

Ichthyaétus bicolor, G. R. Gray, List Birds B. M.
(1840), p. 12.

Ichthyaétus Horsfieldii, Hodgs. Blyth, Journ. A. SW.
Beng. XII. p. 304.

Ichthyaétus hucarius, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 81.

The Marine Eagle, Lath.
Jokowvrv, Java, Horsf.
Mavpuvya, Hind., Blyth. Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton.
Marcu-moron (“fish-tyrant’’’), Beng., Blyth.
A. b. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
c. Siam. From Finlayson’s Collection.

“The Jokowuru is found in Java, always near lakes, or on the
banks of large rivers. It is by no means generally distributed. I
met with it in two situations only,—one near the banks of the river
of Kediri, in the eastern district, the other near the middle of the
island, on the hills of Prowoto, about twenty miles south-east of

54 CATALOGUE.

Semarang. Here a pair of these birds had established themselves
for several years near a village on the confines of an extensive lake
formed by the accumulation of water during the period of rains,
and distinguished by the name of Rawa (lake) of Damak. Their
nest was built on the top of a large tree, and was constructed in a
rude manner of branches of trees,—the branches which were placed
on the exterior were more than an inch in diameter,—the inside was
lined with small twigs; it was irregularly round, and very slightly
excavated. The birds were surprised during the period of incuba-
tion. The male bird, on being caught in a snare, permitted itself to
be seized by the native without making any resistance. When
brought to me, lying in the arms of the native, apparently con-
scious of its situation, and without making use of its claws or bill,
or exerting any efforts to extricate itself, it suffered itself to be
handled and examined very patiently. On being placed in a large
cage, it made a few efforts in the beginning to set itself at liberty,
but finding them ineffectual it soon desisted, and by its calmness
and dignity of manners, exhibited a resemblance to the more noble
species of Falcons. During the first days of its confinement, it re-
fused food altogether, but on becoming hungry, a fish was quietly
placed in its bill, which was finally swallowed with great caution ;
and it soon took greedily the fishes which were liberally sup-
plied. Its usual attitude was with the bill half open, and ap-
peared to have frequent thirst, and took up copious draughts
of water. The pair of birds which I obtained on these hills had
been carefully observed by the natives for several years. Their ery
resembled that of the Osprey. They lived exclusively on fishes.
They never attacked fowls or other animals. They daily resorted
to the lake above mentioned, over which, suspended in the air or
sailing slowly along, they watched their prey. On observing a fish,
they darted on it with impetuous velocity ; more rarely they pursued
a more passive conduct, and watched the lake from the trees in its
neighbourhood.”’— (Horsfield, Zool. Res. in Java.)

66. PANDION HUMILIS, Temm.
Pandion humilis, Zemm. et Miller, Verh. over de Nat.
Gesch. Se. t.6. G. R. Gray, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p- 23. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 16.
Ichthyaétus nanus, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. X1. p. 202;
XII. p. 304; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 30.

a. Bengal? From Middleton’s Collection.

CATALOGUE. 55

Genus Hattaitus, Sav., Desc. de UV’ Egyp. H. N. I. p. 85
(1809).
Cuncuma, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. V¥. p.367 (1837).
Pontroaétus, Kaup, Class. der Seug. und Veg. p. 122
(1844).
Braarvus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 30.

67. HALIAETUS MACET, Temm. Sp.

Falco Macei, Temm., Pl. Col, 8, 223.

Haliaétus Macei, Cuwv., Reg. An. I. p. 327. McCleil.,
P. Z. 8S. (1839), p. 158. G. RB. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, 1. p. 17. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 43. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 30. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 18.

Haliaétus (Pontoaétus) Mace, Kaup, Class der Seug.
und Voeg. p. 122.

Cuncuma Macei, G. R. Gray, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 23.

Haliaétus unicolor, G. and H., Ill. Ind. Zool. I. t. 19.

Haliaétus (Cuncuma) albipes, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng.
V. p. 228, VI. p. 367; Beng. Sport. Mag. (18386),
p- 32.

Haliaétus lanceolatus, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844),
p- 81.

Mace’s Eagle.

Matcuarane, Matcu-manegar, Koror, or Matcu-
KOROL (“fish-eagle’’), and Baa, Beng., Blyth.

Koxwna or Ooaoos, Tickell.

A. B. and drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq.

c. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
d. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

_“ A fisher Eagle. This Eagle preys on fish, and is particularly
active during a storm, when it is found soaring over the lee-shore,
descending on such fishes as are driven into shallow water. During
fine weather, it spends the principal portion of its time on some high
solitary bank, quite motionless. setedaaging P. Z. S. (1839),
p- 153.)

56 CATALOGUE. ,

* This species is generally found on the banks of the larger rivers,
near to where they issue into the plains, and it preys on fish.”—
(Hodgs., Beng. Sport. Mag. (1836), p. 33.)

68. HALIAETUS LEUCOGASTER, Gumel. Sp.
Falco leucogaster, Gmel., S. N. L. I. p. 257. Lath.,
Hist. I. p.242. Temm., Pl. Col. 49.
Haliaétus leucogaster, Gould, Syn. B. Austr. iii. p.

Cuncuma leucogaster, G. BR. Gray, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p. 24.

Blagrus leucogaster, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p- 30.

Falco blagrus, Daud., Tr. d’ Orn. II. p. 70.

Haliaétus blagrus, apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. IX.
p. 65. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 15.

Faleo dimidiatus, Zaffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 275.

Haliaétus sphenurus, Gould, Proc. Z. S. (1837), p. 188
(young).

Ichthyaétus cultrunguis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. X1.
p. 110 (the semi-adult).

Falco maritimus, Gmel., 8S. N. ZL. I. p. 260. Lath., Hist.
I. p. 146.

White-bellied Eagle, Zath.
Maritime Eagle, Lath. (the adult).
Kampamaur Eagle, Lath. (the semi-adult).

Samp-MAR (“snake-killer ”’), Orissa, Kohassa, Hind.,
Blyth.

Lane-Laut (“sea-eagle’’) Sumatra, Raffles.
A. and drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S.
Raffles. —
b.c. Drawing. Siam. From Finlayson’s Collection.
“This bird is not very common,” remarks Mr. Jerdon. “ I first

observed it sailing over the Chilka lake, at a considerable elevation,
from whence it made an unsuccessful swoop at a duck I shot. I

CATALOGUE. 57

again saw it sitting sluggishly on the sandy beach close to the sea ;
and again, near Calicut, saw a pair skimming very closely over some
low bushy ground. The stomach of the specimen I procured was
empty. The fishermen at Ponany assert that it lives chiefly on fish,
and frequently carries one off from their boats or nets. It doubtless,
however, varies its food according to opportunity. Its flight at first
after rising is heavy, but when once fairly on the wing, easy and
powerful, rising to a great height by large and graceful swoops.”—
(Madr. Journ. L. S, X. p. 65.)

Mr. Blyth remarks: “In the stomach were found three small
water-snakes, some articule of Crustaceans, the humerus of a bird,
and the remains of a small rodent.”—(Journ. A. S. B. XI. p. 110.)

“ This is a bold and formidable-looking bird, but shy and solitary,
frequenting desert islands in the Gulf of Siam, and generally seen
soaring at a great height above the wooded hills. It would appear
to live chiefly on fish. Its flight is slow, but bold and vigorous, yet
not rapid.””—(Finlayson’s MS. Notes.)

Genus Hattastur, Selby, List Gen. et Subgen., &c. p. 3
(1840). :
Ictinoaitus, Kaup, Class. der Seug. und Veg. p. 122
(1844).
DENTIGER, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 81.

69. HALIASTURK INDUS, Bodd. Sp.
Falco indus, Bodd., Tab. des Pl. enl. d’ Aub. p. 25.

Haliastur indus, G. R. Gray, List Gen. of Birds, p. 4;
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 18; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 27.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p.43. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. Beng. p. 31.

Falco ponticerianus, Gmel., 8. N. L. I. p. 265. Lath.,
Hist. I. p. 147. Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 186. Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XXII. p. 278.

Haliaétus ponticerianus, Sykes, P. Z. 8S. (1832), p. 78.

Milvus pondicerianus, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X.
p. 72.

Dentiger pondicerianus, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 81.

Haliastur ponticerianus, apud Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 15.
t

58 CATALOGUE.

Milvus rotundicaudus, Hodgs., Beng. Sport. Mag. (1836),
p. 182. G. R. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 81.

The Pondicherry Eagle, Lath.

Brahminy Kite of Europeans in India.

BauMUNEE CHEEL, vulgo.

Round-tailed Kite, Hodgs.

Sankar Cutt (“Shiva’s Kite”), Doopra Curt (“ Washer-
man’s Kite’’), Ru-MABARIK (“ Lucky-faced ”’), Hind.,
Blyth. Jerd.

KHEMANKARI, Sanskrit, Blyth.

CHoouMaR, Saharunpore, Royle.

Rurta Ooxas, Scinde, Burnes ; also Pinyo, Blyth.

Tswon-GounGPeHyYoo, Arracan, Blyth.

LanG-BONDOL, Sumatra, Raffles.

Untune, Java, Horsf.

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

b. c. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

d. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

e. f. g. Presented by Dr. Horsfield. -

h. Drawing. Sumatra. From Sir T. 8. Raffles’s Collection.

i. j.k. Drawings. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Col-
lection.

“ The manners, mode of life, &c. of this bird are similar to those
of the Kite, being much on the wing, sailing over tanks, paddy-fields,
and rivers, at a moderate height, and with a flight like that of the
Kite, but perhaps with more frequent motion of its wings. Mr.
Hodgson says ‘ it quests like Circus.’ This I have only seen in
wooded country (in Travancore), and then its flight was higher,
and not nearly so regular. I may also remark that its squeal is very
similar to that of the Kite. Mr. Hodgson also says ‘it lives chiefly on
insects.’ From my own observations, made chiefly in the Carnatic,

. where it is very common, I should say it prefers aquatic food. It
may frequently be observed to carry off a fish from the surface of the
water ; but I never saw it dip under. It also feeds much on crabs
from tanks and paddy-fields, also on frogs and various aquatic in-

——

CATALOGUE. 59

sects, and occasionally carries off a dead or wounded snipe or other
bird, and even carrion, and, it is also credibly said, young birds,
chickens, and pigeons; though I have not myself witnessed it. I
have, though very rarely, seen it whip an insect off a tree or stand-
ing grain; this, and its food generally, if not heavy, it often devours
in the air like the common Kite, or seated on the edge of a tank or
river, or bank of a paddy-field. It partakes very greedily of the
small fish so generally dried by the poor on the coast, and I have
repeatedly seen it catch one thrown up in the air for that purpose
by a native. From this we must conclude that it varies its food
according to opportunity, but undoubtedly it prefers the neighbour-
hood of water, and aquatic food, as crabs, frogs, and fish, when
procurable. It is, as is well known, sacred to Vishnu.’’—(Jerdon,
Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 72.) 5

Colonel Sykes states : “ It is seen constantly passing up and down
rivers at a considerable height, but prepared to fall at an instant on
its prey. Usually it seizes while on the wing, but occasionally dips
entirely under water, appearing to rise again with difficulty. It is
quite a mistake to suppose it feeds on carrion. I examined the
contents of the stomach and craw of many specimens, and always
found fish, and fish only, excepting on one occasion, when a crab
was met with. Sexes alike. The female lays two large white eggs.”
—(P. Z. S. (1832), p. 78.)

Mr. Blyth also states: “ A very common and conspicuous species,
abundant along the rivers, and generally observed near water. Has
a peculiar strange bleating cry.”’—(Ann. Nat. Hist. XII. p. 91.)

“Tt is very common in the Bay of Batavia, where it feeds on
fishes.’’—( Horsfield.)

““ Europeans have given this bird the appellation of Brahminy Kite,
which originates in having observed that the Hindoos attach super-
stitious ideas to it. Among the Mahomedans there is a prevalent
notion that when two armies are about to engage, the appearance of
one of these birds over either party, prognosticates victory to that
side. It is, perhaps, possible that there may be something like
migration in the habits of this bird. I have noticed that at some
periods of the year it is more common than at others; in the cold
season it abounds, while in the rains it is rarely met with.”—
(Pearson, Journ. A. S. Beng. X. p. 629.)

60 CATALOGUE.

V. BUTEONIN.

Genus Burro, Cuv., Anat. Comp. 1, Tab. Sec. Cl. des Ois.
(1799). |
Bureoearuvs, Less., Tr. d’ Orn. p. 83 (1831).
PxcorLoPTERNIs, Kaup, Isis (1847), p. 329.

70. BUTEO AUGUR, Riippell Sp.

Falco augur, Riipp., Faun. Abyss. p. 38, t. 16.

Buteo augur, Kaup, Mus. Senckenb. (1845), p. 261. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.11; Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p. 83. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 19.

Falco hydrophilus, Ripp., Faun. Abyss. p. 39, t. 17.
The N. African Buzzard.

GEDAKEDE, Abyssinia, Rippell.

Goopir Gooptiz, Abyssinia, Salt.

A. B. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Dr. Riippell explains the specific name of this bird im the follow-
ing remarks on its habits. “The principal nourishment of this
Falcon consists of small birds and bats; the latter it pursues
chiefly on their being roused from their retreats by conflagrations of
dry grass plains, or by the noise occasioned by the march of large
masses of men; and they have frequently been observed to soar
aloft before (vorauscheveben) armies or caravans. This has, probably,
been the cause that the Abyssinians ascribe to the Buteo augur a
peculiar gift of prognostication (prognostications guba, the faculty of
augury) which has already been recorded by Salt. But the assertion
of that author, that the inhabitants will not allow one of these birds
to be killed, is not confirmed by my personal observation.” —(Riip-
pell, Faun. Abyssinica, p. 38.)

“The Abyssinians entertain a singular superstition respecting
this bird. When they set out on a journey and meet with one of
them, they watch it very carefully, and draw good or bad omens
from its motions. If it sit still, with its breast towards them until
they have passed, it is a peculiarly good sign, and everything is
expected to go on well during the course of the journey. If its
back be turned towards them, it is considered an unpropitious sign,
but not sufficiently so as to create alarm ; but if it should fly away
hastily on their approach, some of the most superstitious among

CATALOGUE. 61

them will immediately return back to their homes, and wait tilla
more favourable opportunity for commencing their expedition occur.
From this circumstance, and the resemblance of its form to those so
frequently met with among the hieroglyphics in Egypt, I am led to
suspect that this species may answer to the sacred hawk of that
country which was venerated by the ancient inhabitants.’’—(Salt’s
Travels in Abyssinia, App. p. 42.)

“ One of the most common birds in Abyssinia. Never found any-
thing but locusts in its stomach. Is very inactive and slow in its
movements.”’—(Dr. Roth’s MS. Report.)

71. BUTEO RUFINUS, Riipp. Sp.

Falco rufinus, Ripp., Zool. Atlas, p. 40, t. 27.

Buteo rufinus, Kauwp, Isis (1847), p. 336. G. BR. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p.11; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 33.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p.39. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A.
S. Beng. p. 28. Bonap., C. G. Av. p.18.

Buteo canescens, Hodgs., Beng. Sport. Mag. (1836),
p- 180.

Buteo longipes, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. X. p. 75.

Nasal Falcon, Lath., Hist. I. p. 169.

Long-legged Buzzard, Jerd.

Canescent Buzzard, Hodgs.

Cuuna-MAR (“ Rat-killer’’), Hind., Jerd. Blyth.

Anu JEeraynpi (Arabic), Babylon, Jones.

a. Lower Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

b. Babylon. Presented by Commander Jones.

“This is certainly a rare bird,” remarks Mr. Jerdon. “I have
hitherto only seen it near Jaulnah, perched on low trees or on the
ground, in fields or near water, and taking a low and short flight to
another similar perch. In the stomach of the specimen I shot there
was a Gryllotalpa (cricket). Mr. Elliott, who met with this species
only in Guzrat, says: “ This bird evidently preys on the field-rats
which abound in the sandy soil of this province. He is seen sitting
on low trees or bushes over the rat-burrows, and, watching his
opportunity, darts down on his victim. In the stomach of one were
the exuview of a rat (Arvicola) and a large beetle.” —(Madr. Journ.
L: 8. 29.76.)

62 CATALOGUE.

According to Mr. Hodgson, “ These birds are very common in the
central and northern hilly regions of Nepal, but I never,” he remarks;
“ procured one from below. It adheres to the woods when the crops
are up; but, after harvest, comes into the open country, and is
perpetually seen perched on a clod, and looking out for snakes, which
constitute its chief food. It also preys on rats and mice, and on
quails, snipes, and partridges ; but is reduced to take the birds on the
ground. I have seen it, however, make a splendid stoop at a quail,
which, after being flushed, chanced to alight on a bare spot, so as to
be visible to the bird as he followed it with his eye on the wing and
marked it settle. Teal and even ducks are frequently slain by our
bird in the same way. If he can perceive them take wing, even at
half a mile’s distance, he is up with them in an instant, and is sure
to capture them, unless they are under cover in a moment after they
touch the earth.’”—(Hodgs., Beng. Sport. Mag. (1836), p. 181.
Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XII. p. 310.)

Genus Baza, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. V. (1836), p. 777;
VI. p. 361.
Lornores, Less., Tr. d’ Orn. I. p. 96 (1831).
Leripogenys, J. H. Gray (1839).
Avicepa, Swains., B. W. Afr. I. p. 104 (1837).
Hyprtiopus, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. (1841), p. 27.
Loruastur, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. (1842), p. 463.

72. BAZA LOPHOTES, Cuv. Sp.
Falco lophotes, Cuv. Temm., Pl. Col. 10.
Baza lophotes, G. RB. Gray, List Gen. B. (1840), p. 4;
Gen. of Birds, I. p.23; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 40.
| Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 46. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. Beng. p. 17.
Aviceda lophotes, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 20.
Falco Lathami, Gray (nec. Tickell). Griff:, An. Kingd.
T° ‘yp. 30.
Lepidogenys Lathami, J. #. Gray.
Buteo cristatus, Vieill., Hncy. Meth. p. 1221.
Lophotes indicus, Less., Tr. d’ Orn. p. 96.
Baza syama, Hodgs., J. A. 8. Beng. V. p. 777; VI.
p. 362.

CATALOGUE. 63

Falco cristatellus, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilt., MS. 1. p. 53.

The Cohy Falcon.

Cony of the Parbutties and Nawars, Dr. F. (B.)
Hamilton.

Syama (“ Black’’), Nepal, Hodgs.

A. B. Bengal. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.

C. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

d. Drawings. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“ These birds are peculiar to the great forests of the lower regions
of Nepal, so far as I yet know; habits insectivorous.’””—(Hodgson,
J. A. 8. Beng. V. p. 778.)

Mr. Blyth remarks: “ A beautiful pair of this bird (male and
female) procured alive, and which had the power of erecting their
crest quite vertically.’”—(Journ. A. 8. Beng. XII. p. 166.)

73. BAZA JERDONI, Blyth Sp.
Lophastur Jerdoni, Blyth, Jowrn. A. S. Beng. XI.
p. 464.
Baza Jerdoni, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 18.

a. b. Drawings of young and adult. From Edward
Blyth, Esq.

Genus PERNIS, Cur., Reg. An. I. p. 822 (1817).

74, PERNI S CRISTATA, Cuv.

Pernis cristata, Cuv., Rég. An. I. p. 335, t. 8, fi 4.
Jerd., Madr. J. L. 8. X. p. 73. G. R. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, I. p.24; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p.42. Hodgs.,
Cat. B. Nep. p.46. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 18. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 20.

Falco ptilorhynchus, Temm., Pl. Col. 44.

Pernis maculosa, Less., Voy. de Bel. Zool. I. p. 228.

Pernis Elliottii, Jameson, New Phil. Journ. Jerd.,
Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 74.

Pernis bharatensis, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 81.

64 CATALOGUE.

The Crested Honey Buzzard, Jerd.
SHAHUTELA (from Shahud, “ honey’), Hind., Jerd.
Manpnava (from Madhu, “ honey”), Nepal, Hodgs.

A. Bengal. Presented by Dr. Royle.

b. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

“T have only met with this bird in the jungles of the western
coast and Neilgherries. It is by no means common. I occasionally
saw it seated on a tree, alternately raising and depressing its pe-
culiarly-formed crest, and on the Neilgherries frequently saw it
questing diligently backwards and forwards over the dense woods
there. I procured a female at the foot of the Conoor pass, and a
male on the summit of the hills. Their usual flight is rather slow,
but I once observed one flying much more rapidly than in general,
with a continued motion of its wings, and every now and then at-

tempting to hover, which it did with its wings turned very obliquely

upwards. This seemed a great exertion to it, and was very clumsily
performed. In the stomach of the female I shot, was a soft green
mass, which looked like vegetable matter, but which was, probably,
the half-digested remains of green caterpillars. In the stomach of
the male there was a large quantity of pure honey. (Mr. Elliott
found the hair of a rat in the stomach of one; in another, ants,
wax, and honey.) The female contained an egg ready for expulsion,
which was very different in colour from that of the English Honey-
_ Buzzard figured in the ‘ Naturalist’s Library,’ and closely resembled
that of the common European Kite.”—(Jerd., Madr. J. L. 8. X.
p- 73.)

Fam. III. STRIGIDA, Leach.
Subfam. I. NOCTUINA, Vigors.

Genus ATHENE, Bote, Isis (1822), p. 549.
Noctua, Sav., Dese. de l’ Egyp. H. N. I. p. 105.
Carine, Kaup, Nat. Syst. der Eur. Thier. p. 29 (1829).
Nycrirgtus, Swains., Class. of Birds, II. p. 218 (1887).
Ninox, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. (1837), p. 364.

CATALOGUE. 65

75. ATHENE BRAMA, Temm. Sp.

Strix brama, Temm., Pl. Col. 68.

Athene brama, G. RB. Gray, List of Birds, B. M. (1840),
p. 50; Gen. of Birds, I. p. 84; Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p. 87. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 49. Blyth, Cat.
B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 39. Bonap., C. G. Av,
p. 39.

~ Noctua brama, Cuv., Rég. An. (1829), I. p..346.

Noctua indica, Frankl., Proc. Zool. Soe. (1831), p. 115.
Sykes, P. Z. &. (1832), p. 82. Jerd., Madr. evi
DL. S&S. X. p. 91. ,

Athene indica, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI. p.457.

Noctua tarayensis, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. VI. p. 369 ;
As. Res. XIX. p. 175.

The Indian Owl.

PEENGLAH, Mahratta, Sykes.
Ootoo, Hind., Coooeup, Persian.
Karoria Pronax, Beng.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

b. c. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

e. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.

jf. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

g. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“ Numerous in the Dukhun, and found in families of four or five.
An exceedingly noisy bird, frequently heard chattering during the
daytime in dense trees. Mice and beetles were found in the sto-
mach. The Mahrattas have a superstition respecting this species ;
and a class of persons, called from it Peengleh, live on the credulity
of the people by pretending to consult it and predict events.”’—
(Colonel Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1832), p. 82.)

_ Mr. Jerdon also gives the following remarks of this bird: “* This

little Owl is extremely abundant in Southern India, and is often very

annoying from its familiar and noisy habits. It generally roosts

during the day in large trees, but frequently also in the eaves of

houses or under the roof; and though it is most active and noisy

during the night-time, feeding then, yet it is often very noisy during
k

66 CATALOGUE.

the day, uttering its harsh squabble, three or four joining in chorus
at the same time. Its usual cry is something like ‘ jukl-jukl-jukl,’
repeated very quickly. About sunset it usually sallies forth from its
roosting-place to feed. Its chief food is beetles and other insects,
but it occasionally captures mice. It takes insects sometimes on the
wing, or snaps one off the ground or the trunk of a tree during its
low undulating flight, which is generally short, but at times pro-
longed to some distance over the plain. In some parts of the
country it is: supposed to have the power of divination.’”—(Madr.
Journ. L. 8. X. p. 91.)

76. ATHENE CUCULOIDES, Vigors Sp.

Noctua cuculoides, Vigors, Proc. Z. SW. (1880), p. 8.
Gould, Cent. of Birds, t. 4.

Athene cuculoides, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. X. p. 921;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 38. G. BR. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, I. p. 34; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 87. Hodgs.,
Cat. B. Nep. p.49. Bonap., O. G. Av. p. 40.

Noctua auribarbis, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. VI.
p. 369. .

The Himalaya Owl.

D’zren-Gwet, Arracan, Blyth.

A. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

b. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.

c. Arracan. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

d. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

* This is also very common, and much persecuted and even fre-
quently killed a the Crows.’—(Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. X.
p- 921.)

77. ATHENE BRODIET, Burton Sp.

Noctua Brodiei, Burt., Proc. Z. 8. (1835), p. 152.

Athene Brodiei, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XI. p. 163;
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p: 40. G. BR. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 85; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 88.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p.50. Hutton, Journ. A. 8.
Beng. XVII. part Il. p.5. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 40.

rw! er

es A i od Se i a a

CATALOGUE. 67

Noctua tubiger, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 175.
Athene badia, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 82.
Brodie’s Owlet.

a. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

“ This pretty little Owl is exceedingly common in the Himalayas
in the neighbourhood of Mussoorie and Simla, and may be heard at
nightfall uttermg its monotonous but not unmusical whistle of two
notes oft-times repeated. It nidificates in hollow trees without any
preparation of a nest. On the 11th May, 1848, I found three young
ones and an egg just ready to hatch, in a hole of a wild cherry-tree.
The egg was nearly round and pure white, but being broken I could
take no measurement of it. The young ones were clothed in a soft
and pure white down. The old female remained in the hole while we
cut into the tree, and allowed herself to be captured.””—(Hutton,
Journ. A. S. Beng. XVII. part II. p. 5.)

78. ATHENE CASTANOPTERA, Horsf, Sp.

Strix castanoptera, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 140.
Temm., Pl. Col. 98. Lath., Hist. I. p. 354.

Athene castanoptera, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. X1.
p. 164. G. &. Gray, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 88.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 40.

Strix spadicea, Reinw., Temm. Pl. Col. 98.

The Chestnut-winged Owl, Lath.

| Buo-watv, Java, Horsf.

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

79. ATHENE RADIATA, Tickell Sp.

Strix radiata, Tickell, Journ. A. 8. Beng. Il. p. 572.

Athene radiata, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XV. p. 281;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 39. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 40.

Strix erythroptera, Gould, Proc. Z. 8. (1887), p. 186.

Athene erythroptera, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 34; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 88. Hodgs., Cat. B.
Nep. p. 49. :

Noctua perlineata, Hodys., Journ. A. S. Beng. VI.

ES 6. 369. |

ie

68 CATALOGUE.

Strix cuculoides, apud Jerd. Madr. Jowrn. L. 8. X.
Da ale
Athene undulata, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. 3 p- 457.
JUNGLEE CHooauD, Hind., Jerd.

Cuota Kat-pecHaKk, Beng., Blyth.
Cuooeup, Nepal, Hodgs.
A. China. From Reeves’s Collection.
B. Assam. From Griffith’s Collection.
c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
d. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

Mr. Tickell remarks: “ Very common in the thickly-wooded
parts of the Jungle Mehals, selecting the largest trees for its
abode, from whence it keeps up its clamorous cries the greater
part of the day. It is active, frolicsome, and diurnal, and feeds
on insects.”—(Journ. A. 8. Beng. II. p. 572.)

“ It frequents lofty trees, and flies about actively in the daytime,
at least when disturbed. I have generally found it single ; rarely in
small flocks. It feeds on various large insects, chiefly coleopte-
rous.’—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8S. X. p. 91.)

80. ATHENE SOUTULATA, Raffles Sp. r

Strix scutulata, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 280.

Athene scutellata, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds. I. p. 35;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 89. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p- 50.

Ninox scutellatus, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XII.
p. 312; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 38.

Strix hirsuta, Zemm., Pl. Col. 289.
Athene hirsuta, apud Bonap., C. G. Av. p. Al.

Strix lugubris, Tickell, Journ. A. 8. Beng. II. p. 572.
Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. X. p. 87.

Ninox lugubris, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 457.
Ninox nipalensis, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8S. Beng. VI. p. 364.

Ninox Jeridius, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 82.

Athene malayensis, Eyton, An. N. H. (1845), p. 228.

’
¥

CATALOGUE. 69 —

Strix hirsuta japonica, Schleg., Faun. Japon. t. 9, B.
Strix infausta, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton's MS. I. p. 57.
The Brown Wood-Owl, Tickell.
The Hairy Owl, G. R. Gray.
Kat Prconax, Beng., Dr. F (B.) Hamilton.
- Cuooeup Bersrun, Hind., zd. Jerd.
Kunene-Boor, Arracan, Blyth.
Rasa Watt, Malayan, Blyth.

A. and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S.
Rafiles.

b. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.
c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
d. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“ Inhabits the retired parts of the thickest jungle, coming towards
the edges and open parts at night. It is completely nocturnal, and
in a calm moonlight night, its incessant cries are heard to a great
distance, resembling strongly those of a strangling cat. Mr. Elliot
says: ‘ when seized, it cries like a child.’ ’”—(Tickell, Journ. A. S.
Beng. II. p. 572.)

“ The natives consider this bird as very unfortunate, and when one
of them cries near a house, the inhabitants go out with lights, to
which it has a great aversion, and drive it away. The cry resembles
greatly that of a hare when caught by the hounds. When irritated,
it raises its feathers considerably.’—(Dr. F, (B.) Hamilton, MS.
ae

Subfam. IT. BUBONINA, Vigors.

Genus EpuiaLtes, Keyserling et Blasius (1840).
Scores, Sav., Des. de l’ Hgyp. H. N. I. p. 105 (1809).

81. EPHIALTES SCOPS, Linn. Sp.

Strix scops, Linn. S. N. I. p. 129. Lath., Hist. I.
p- 824.

Ephialtes scops, G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Burds, I. p. 38;

70

CATALOGUE.

Oat. B. Brit. Mus. p.95. Hodgs., Oat. B. Nep.
p. 51. Hutton, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVII. part I.

p. 4.
Strix zorca, Cetti, Uc. di Sardegn. p. 60.

Scops zorca, apud Bonap. C. G. Av. p. 47.

Scops Aldrovandi, (Ray) Flem. Brit. An. p. 57, apud
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 36.

Scops ephialtes, Sav., Desc. de l’ Egyp. H. N. I. p. 107.

Scops pennata, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. VI. p. 369.

Scops malayanus, 4. Hay.

Ephialtes spilocephalus, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XV.

p. 8.
The Scops Eared Owl, Lath.

A. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
b. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of

Bengal.

“ This Owl occurs on the Himalaya in the neighbourhood of

Mussoorie, at an elevation of five thousand feet, and nidificates in
hollow trees, laying three pure white eggs, of a rounded form, on
the rotten wood, without any preparation of a nest. Diameter of
egg, 1,3, x lin. The nest was found on the 19th of March.”—
(Hutton, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVII. part II. p. 4.)

82. EPHIALTES SUNIA, Hodgs. Sp.

Scops sunia, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p.175; Journ. A.
S. Beng. VI. p. 369. Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn. t. 41.
Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XIV. p. 182. G. &.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 38. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 48.

The Golden Scops, Hodgs.

The Cusial Eared Owl, Hodgs.

Red Scops Owl, Jerd. .

Cuooeup Cusiat or Sunya Cusyat, Nepal, Hodgs.
Cuitra Gooxa, Telinga, Jerd.

A. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

6. Drawing. Siam. From Finlayson’s Collection.

CATALOGUE. 71

“ Habits nocturnal. Lives in the interior of woods.”’—(Hodgs.,
As. Res. XIX. p. 176.)

“ This Owl appears to be widely distributed through India. Feeds
chiefly on insects.”-—(Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn.)

83. HPHIALTES LEMPIJI, Horsf. Sp.

Strix Lempiji, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 140.
Lath., Hist. I. p. 323.

Ephialtes Lempiji, G. &. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 38 ;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 96. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p. 51.

Scops Lempiji, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 36.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 47.

Strix noctula, Reinmw. Temm., Pl. Col. 99.

Scops javanicus, Less., Tr. d’Orn. p.107. Jerd., Madr.
Journ. L. 8. X. p. 89.

Scops lettia, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p.176; Journ. A.
S. Beng. VI. p. 3869. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng.
XIV. p. 181.

Scops lettoides, Jerd. Blyth, i A. SN. Beng. XIV.
p. 182.

Scops griseus, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. (1844).

The Lempiji Owl, Lath.
Lemrisi, Java, Horsf.
THarKavi CHoogup or Larrya Cupyat, Nepal, Hodgs.

A. B. and Drawing. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Col-
lection.
C. and Drawing. Sumatra. From Sir T. S. Raffles’s Col-

lection.
d.@. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
jf: Malacca, g. Assam. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.
h. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

84. HPHIALTES RUFESCENS, Horsf. Sp.

Strix rufescens, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 140.
Lath., Hist. I. p. 354.

Otus mantis, Willer et Schlegel, Faun. Jap. p. 25.

72 CATALOGUE.

-Ephialtes mantis, apud G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.

p- 38.
Scops Lempiji, apud Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 47.

The Rufescent Owl, Lath. =

Koxxo-B1o, Java, Horsf:

A. and Drawing. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

Genus Buno, Sibbald (1684). Cuv., Reg. Anim. I. (1817).

Astio, Briss., Orn. I. p. 477 (1760).
Herrarrex, Swains., Class. B. II. p. 217 (1887).

Uragva et Hunva, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. (1837),
pp. 362, 372.

Mesomorpua et Eroeiaux, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng.
(1841), p. 28.

85. BUBO MAXIMUS, Sibbald.
Strix bubo, Linn. S. WN. I. p. 181. . Lath. Hist. I.
p. 800. 3

Bubo maximus, (Sibd.) Flem., Brit. An. p.57. G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 37; Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p. 98. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 34.

Bubo europeus, Less., Tr. d’ Orn. p. 115, t. 17, f. 1.

Bubo atheniensis, Daud., Tr. d’ Orn. II. p. 209.

Bubo atheniensis, (Aldrov.) apud Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 48.

Bubo albus, Daud., Tr. d’Orn. II. p. 210.
The Great Eared Owl, Lath.
Haamen (Arabic), Babylon, Jones.

a. Babylon. Presented by Commander Jones.

86. BUBO ORIENTALIS, Horsf. Sp.

Strix orientalis, Horsf, Trans. Iinn. Soe. XIII. p. 140.

Bubo orientalis, G. RB. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 37;
Oat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 100. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p. 50. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 34.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 49.

Strix sumatrana, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 279.

“I
)

CATALOGUE,

Strix strepitans, Temm., Pl. Col. 174; 229, juv.
- Huhua nipalensis, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. VI. p. 362;
| As. Res. XIX. p. 172.

Huhua pectoralis, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. X. p. 89,

el

The Oriental Owl.

Hvav and Hunv Cuin, Nepal, Hodgs.

Ooman, Malabar, Jerd. .

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

b. Drawing. Sumatra. From Sir T. S. Raffles’s Col-
lection.

Mr. Hodgson says this bird “ tenants the interior of umbragecus
woods, and by reason of the feeble light penetrating them even at
noonday,-it is enabled to quest subdiurnally in such situations. It
preys on pheasants, hares, rats, snakes, and sometimes on the fawns
of the Ratwa (Cervulus moschatus) and Ghoral (Nemorhedus goral).”
—(As. Res. XIX. p. 173.)

Mr. Jerdon also remarks: “I found this powerful and splendid
Owl in the dense and lofty forests of Malabar. It is chiefly noctur-
nal, issuing forth to the more open spaces about dusk. I was in-
formed by an intelligent native that it feeds on various mammalia,
and also on fish, and that it will dive to some depth for these. The
stomach of the only specimen I procured was empty. It had just
perched on a large palmyra palm overlooking a tank. It utters a low
moaning cry at intervals.’”’—(Madr. Journ, L. 8. X. p. 90.).

87. BUBO LACTEUS, Temm. Sp.
Strix lactea, Temm., Pl. Col. 4.
Bubo lacteus, Cuv., Reg. An. (1829), I. p. 344. Riipp.,
Syst. Uebers. p.12. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 37; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p.99. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 49.

The Pale Eared Owl.
A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Hatris’s Collection.

88. BUBO BENGALENSIS, Franklin Sp.
Otus bengalensis, Frankl., Proc. Z. S. (1881), p. 115.
Sykes, Proc. Z. S. (1832), p. 81 ; Journ. A. S. Beng.
III. p. 420. Gould, Cent. Birds, t. 3.
l

74 CATALOGUE.

- Bubo bengalensis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 37;

Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 100. -Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep-
p. 50. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. iF
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 49.

Urrua bengalensis, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8S. X. p. 87-

Bubo cavearius, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 169.

Urrua cavearia, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. V1. p. 372.

Hole-haunting Eared Owl, Hodgs.

GuooeHoo, Hind., Jerd.

Gooxsur, Mahrattas, Sykes.

Hoxra Cueret, Doon, Hon. F. J. Shore.

A. B. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
ce. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
d. N. India. Presented by the Reverend F. W. Hope.

“The Googoo is the most abundant and most universally-spread of
the large Owls of India. In the Carnatie it frequents rocky barren
hills chiefly, where several may often be seen seated even for some
hours after sunrise. In the Deccan it frequents rocky ravines, banks
‘of rivers,and holes in the steep sides of the precipitous trap hills;
also often found about old buildings, forts, and walls. On the Neil-
gherries it is, however, found in the dense woody glens. Though
partially diurnal, it chiefly preys during the night: its chief food is
rats and lizards; occasionally birds, crabs, and frequently large
locusts. -I have had a pair of this species, male and female, in my
possession. Their usual cry is a single loud, clear, and prolonged
hoot. I occasionally at night heard them utter a low indistinct
strangling sort of cry. They vomit bones and feathers in the form
of a pellet. When alarmed, they hiss, and make a loud snapping
noise with ‘their bills. If a dog or other animal approaches, they
lower the head’ almost to the ground, erecting the whole of the
feathers of the body, and spreading out their wings to their full
extent. These, from the stooping position of the bird, are nearly
vertical, almost touching the ground with their upper edge, and from —
their extent this bird presents a formidable front to an intruder.
Their egrets certainly seem cqnnected with their exalted sense of
hearing, being generally raised whilst in the act of listening. They
are also erect during sleep, at which time the wings are also occa-
sionally brought forward.”—(Jerdon, Madr. Journ. L. 8S. X. p. 87.)

CATALOGUE. 75

* This bird, when disturbed, flies freely and strongly in the broad

glare of day, and though it is not properly a diurnal quester, yet it
commences operations long before dark, and by carrying them on in
the open country. Its habitation is sometimes in a hole or burrow
in a bankside (in which they always breed), and sometimes their
domicile consists merely of a perch upon the stunted trees growing
from rocky declivities. It breeds in March, and the young, as soon
as fledged, resemble their parents: the brood consists invariably of
two of them.”—(Hodgson, As. Res. XIX. p. 170.)
- Colonel Sykes, also, remarks: “ Very common in the Dukhun, and
generally found on the open rocky plains. A whole rat (the tail
hanging out of the mouth, and the head and most part of the body
in the stomach and partly decomposed) was found in one bird;
another had a crab; a third a bird (Pastor); but the usual food
appeared to be rats.’’—(Proc. Zool. Soc. (1832), p. 81.)

The Honourable F. J. Shore gives the following notes: “ Builds
in trees, the nest being composed of large and small sticks, the
female laying two large eggs mottled with black, reddish-brown, and
white. Its native name in the Doon is Hokra Cheel, the natives
considering it among the Cheel or Kite genus, and affirming that it
is strong enough, and does, in fact, attack and kill wild cats.’’—
(Gould, Cent. of Himal. Birds.)

89. BUBO COROMANDA, Lath. Sp.

Strix coromanda, Lath., Ind. Orn. I. p.53; Hist. I.
p. 310. G. and #H., Ill. Ind. Zool. I. p. 20.

Bubo coromander, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 37 ;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 100. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p- 51. Bonap., 0. G. Av. p. 49.

Urrua coromandra, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. VI. p. 373.

Urrua umbrata, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. ae XIV. p. 180;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 85.

The Coromandel Eared Owl, Lath.
A. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal. ;
b. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
c. Bengal. Presented by Dr. Falconer.
d. Drawing (umbrata, Blyth). From Edward Blyth,
Esq. int ;

76 CATALOGUE.

Genus Kerupa, Less., Tr. d’ Orn. p. 114 (1831).
Cuutrunevis, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. (1836),

p. 368.
90. KETUPA JAVANENSIS, Less.

Strix ketupa, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 141.
Scops ketupa, Cuv., Reg. An. I. p. 347.

Ketupa javanensis, Less., Tr. d’Orn. p. 114. G. R.

Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 38; Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p- 101. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. P. 37.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 45.

Strix ceylonensis, apud Lath. et Temm., nec. Gmel. Pl.
Col. 74.

The Ketupa Owl, edi
- Bro-Ketupa, Java, Horsf.
Tampa or Kerrompo Ratanapyt, Hants, Burone
Prtow, Malayan, Blyth.
A. b.c. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

91. KETUPA FLAVIPES, Hodgs. Sp.

Cultrunguis flavipes, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. V. p.364,
t. 26.
Ketupa flavipes, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 38;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p.101. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p. 52. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 37.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 45.
The Yellow-footed Cultrunguis, Hodgs.
Nox-Hoak, Siam, Finlayson.
a. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
B. c. Himalaya. From W. Griffith’s Collection.

“ This species is common in the several regions of Nepal, notwith-
standing the great diversity of climate. They fly well by day, and
were constantly found on the banks of rivers. 1 have procured
specimens with the stomach full of fish; and they also prey on
crabs. Their weight is about three and a half pounds. These
birds moult once a year, between June and October inclusive ; they
breed in February and March.

CATALOGUE. a

The intestinal canal is from three and a half to four feet long;
very thickly coated throughout; considerably wider above than below,
and furnished with two thin ceca from three to four inches long,
which are situated near the anal extremity of the canal, and widened
considerably at their distad end. The stomach is rounded, conside-
rably and equally thickened in its coats, and provided with a toughish
and rugose lining, which is easily separated. The coats do not
consist of proper muscle, but of a substance between gland and
cartilage, for which I know no name, commonly as it occurs. The
succentorial stomach is purely glandular, with soft papillated lining,
not distinguishable from the body of the organ; the points of the
papillz being in fact mere excretory pores, directly in contact with
the secreting substance.”” — (Hodgson, Journ. A. S. Beng. V.
p- 365.)

“This is a heavy, clumsy bird, but very powerful. It is usually
seen on the wing in the twilight. It is common in the Indian
islands and at Siam.

“There is scarce any substance in the animal or vegetable king-

dom which the Ultra-Gangetic nations do not apply to medical
purposes, a practice which the Siamese would appear to have adopted
from the Chinese, who have carried this singular fancy to the
greatest length.
- “The skull of this bird is held in considerable estimation as a
medicine in small-pox, and chiefly to check and to alleviate the
itching sensation which takes place in the curative stage. For this
purpose, the head is rubbed upon a stone with water, which, thus
impregnated, is received into a vessel, from which an attendant spurts
a quantity of it on the body from time to time.”—(Finlayson’s MS.
Notes.)

92. KETUPA CEYLONENSIS, Gmel. Sp.

Strix ceylonensis, Gmel., S. NV. L. I. p. 287.

Ketupa ceylonensis, G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 38; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p.101. Hodgs., Cat. B.
Nep. p..51. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 37.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 44.

Strix Leschenaultii, Temm., Pl. Col. 20.

Ketupa Leschenaultiu, Less., Zr. d’Orn. p. 114. ot
Proc. Zool. Soc. (1832), p. 82.

78 CATALOGUE.

Cultrunguis Leschenaultii, apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. L.
S. X. p. 90.

Strix Hardwickii, G. & H., Ill. Ind. Zool. Il. t. 31. _

Strix dumeticola, Tickell, Journ. A. 8. Beng. I. p. 57 L.

Cultrunguis nigripes, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. Y.
p. 364. . 3

Strix hutum, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. I. p. 56.

The Large Horned Wood-Owl, Jerd. |
AMRAI KA GuooeHoo, also Oooo, Hind., Jerd. Blyth.
U’rum, Beng., Blyth. Hamilton.

Trrpoox, Arracan, Blyth.

A. B. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.

c. Afghanistan. From W. Griffith’s Collection.

d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

e. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.

fF. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

Mr. Hodgson applies the habits of the preceding species to this

also, and Mr. Jerdon also says: “ This powerful bird is generally
spread throughout India, though far from being common; it fre-
quents chiefly the more wooded districts, though also found in topes
and avenues in open country. It is partly diurnal. Its voice is a
loud and harsh hollow laugh.’’— (Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 90.)

. Lieutenant Tickell remarks on the habits of this bird: “ Frequents
the thickest jungle, in deep retired dells, between high rocks or
scarped hills, perching low, and passing the mid-day in the centre of
some impervious thicket. It is, however, partially diurnal, and easily
flushed in the brightest day, when it flies heavily over the underwood
to a short distance, and drops headlong into the first convenient
bush. Towards twilight, it emerges from its concealment, and may
be observed seated with great majesty on the summit of some granite
boulder, on the side of a hill overlooking the surrounding jungle. Its
voice is hoarse and hollow, and, connected with the gloomy scene and
hour in which it is heard, the repulsive laugh in which it occasionally
vents its notes, ‘Haw, Haw, Haw, Ho!’ cannot fail to strike a
fanciful listener with unpleasing associations.’’—(Journ. A. S. Beng.
II. p. 571.)

— ST ae

ee a a ee

CATALOGUE. 79

Subfam. III. ASIONINA, Vigors.

Genus Orus, Cuv., Comp. Anat. I. Tab. Class. des Ois.
(1797-1800).
} Bracuyotvs, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soe. (1837), p. 10.
Nycratops, Wagl., Isis (1882), p. 1221.
Asto, Strickl.

93. OTUS VULGARIS, Flem.

Strix otus, Linn. 8S. N. I. p. 1384. Lath., Hist. I.
p. 311.

Otus vulgaris, Flem., Brit. An. p.60. Hodgs., Journ.
A. S. Beng. VI. p. 369. G. R. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, I. p..40;° Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 105.

Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 52. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p- 50.

Asio otus, apud Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 35.
The Long-Eared Owl, Lath.

a. Khooner. From W. Griffith’s Collection.
b. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

94. OTUS BRACHYOTUS, Gmel. Sp.
| Strix brachyotus, Gmel., 8S. VN. L. 1. p. 289.

Otus brachyotus, Bove, Isis (1822), p. 549. Hodgs., J.
A. 8. Beng. VI. p. 369. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8.
X. p. 86. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 40;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p.107. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p. 52.

Asio brachyotus, Blyth; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 35.

Brachyotus palustris, Gould, apud Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 51.

The Short-Eared Owl, Lath.

Cuota Guooexoo, Hind., Jerd. -
YPEPELLAGHA (Arabic), Babylon, Jones.

SO CATALOGUE.

A. Bengal. From Blagrave’s Collection.
6. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
c. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
d. Babylon. Presented by Commander Jones. _
Mr. Jerdon says, this bird “ frequents long grass on the open

plains, and is occasionally flushed when beating for florikin.”—
(Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 86.)

95. OTUS MACULOSUS, Vieill. Sp.

Strix maculosa, Vieill., N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. VII. 44.

Otus maculosus, Less., Tr. d’Orn. p. 109. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 40; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. p. 106.

Bubo maculosa, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 49.

Strix africana, Temm., Pl. Col. 50.

Otus africanus, Cuv., Rég. An. (1822), 1. p. 341. Riipp.,
Syst. Uebers, p. 12.

Bubo africana, Bote, Isis (1826), p. 976.

The Spotted Eared Owl.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Subfam. IV. STRIGIN &, Vigors.

Genus Puo.ipus,* Js. Geoffr., Ann. des Sci. Nat. XXI. p. 201.

96. PHOLIDUS BADIUS, Horsf. Sp.

Strix badia, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 139; Zool.
tes. in Java, t. 36. Lath., Hist. I. p. 353. Temm.,
Pl. Col. 318.

Pholidus badius, Js. Geoffr. Ann. des Sci. Nat. XX1. p.201.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 42; Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. p.110. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 53. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 41. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 55.

The Bay Owl, Lath.

Wowo-wiwi or Katona-wiwl, Java, Horsf.

A. B.c. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

* Phodilus, Auct. corrigend.

CATALOGUE. 81

« The Wowo-wiwi is rarely met with in Java. It never visits the
villages, but resides in the closest forests, which are the usual resort
of the tiger. The natives even assert that it approaches this animal
with the same familiarity with which the Jallak (Pastor jalla, Horsf.)
approaches the buffalo, and that it has no dread to alight on the tiger’s
back. The Wowo-wiwi is never seen in confinement ; the few indi-
viduals which I obtained were from the closest forests of the district
of Pugar, and from the ranges of low hills south of the capital of
Surakarta. Like most other species of this family, it is a nocturnal
bird.”’—(Horsfield, Zool. Res. in Java.)

Genus Strix, Linn., Syst. Nat. (1735).
Auvco, Flem., Phil. of Zool. II. p. 236 (1822).
Hysris, Nitzsch., Pterylog. p. 110 (1840).
Stripua, Sel., Longch. (1842).
Guavx, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 42 (1851).

97. STRIX FLAMMEA, Linn.

Strix flammea, Linn., S. NV. I. p. 183. Lath., Hist. I.
p. 855. Yarrell, Brit. Birds, I. p. 183. G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.41; Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p- 108. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 55.

Strix guttata, Brehm., Veg. Deutschl. I. p. 106, ¢. 7,
Fy ds

The Common Barn Owl.

a, Babylon. Presented by Commander Jones.

98. STRIX JAVANICA, De Wurmb.
Strix javanica, De Wurmb., Licht. Mag. IV. 2, 10.
F Gmel., 8. N. LD. I. p. 295.. Horsf, Trans. Linn.
Soc. XIII. p. 189. Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1882), p. 81
? Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 85. G. BR. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 41, t.15; Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p-109. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 55.

Strix flammea var. ?
Dazis or Duris, Java, Horsf.

SERRAK, of the Malays, Horsf.
m

$2 CATALOGUE,

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

b.c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

d. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

e. Locality not known.

f. g. Drawings. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Col-

lection.
_* This is distributed over the island of Java. It is, as far as I
have observed, the only species of this division which is occasionally
found near villages and dwellings. It is not, however, a favourite
with the natives. Various superstitious notions are also associated
with its visits, and it is considered in many parts of the island as
portending evil.”—(Horsf., Zool. Res. in Java.)
Colonel Sykes remarks: “ One of my specimens was captured

alive, while lying on its back on the ground, defending itself against
the attacks of a body of crows.”—(P. Z. S. (1832), p. 81.)

99. STRIX CAPENSIS ?
a. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

Subfam. V. SYRNIANA, Vigors.

Genus Syrnium, Savigny, Desc. de l Hgyp. Hist. Nat. 1.
p. 112 (1809).

Axuco, Cuv. Kaup, Syst. der Eur. Thier. p. 45.
ScorraPTEex, Swains., Class. of B. II. p. 216.
Unvra, Cuv., Reg. An. (1817), I. p. 329.
Butaca, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. VI. p. 372 (1837).
Meserpvus, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. X. p. 28 (1841).
Prynx, Blyth (1840).

100. SYRNIUM SINENSE, Lath. Sp.

Strix sinensis, Lath., Ind. Orn. I. p. 58; Hist. I. p. 359.
G. & H., Lil. Ind. Zool. I, t. 21.

Syrnium sinense, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 39;
Cat. B. Brit’ Mus. p.105. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A.
S. Beng. p. 40. Bonap., O. G. Av. p. 52.

‘eee ee

CATALOGUE. 83

Bulaca sinensis, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. X. p. 88.

Strix orientalis, Skaw (nec. Horsf.), Gen. Zool. VII.
p- 257.

The China Owl, Lath.

A. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.
b. Himalaya Presented by Dr. Falconer.

c. N. India. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

Mr. Jerdon says: “ I met with this bird in a tope and some large
single trees near Verdupettah. Has a harsh and dissonant cry at
night.”’—(Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 88.)

101. SYRNIUM INDRANEE, Sykes Sp.

Strix indranee, Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1832), p. 82.

Syrnium indranee, G. RB. Gray, Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p. 104. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 52. Blyth, Cat.
B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 40. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 51.

Bulaca indranee, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 463.

Bulaca newarensis, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8S. Beng. VI.
p. 372; As. Res. XIX. p. 168.

Syrnium newarensis, apud G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p. 39, t. 14.

Bulaca monticola, Jerd., Madr. Journ. No. XXX. p. 167.

The Nepal Owl.

Newar, of the Nepalese, Hodgs.

A. Bengal. From Bax’s Collection.

B. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.

Colonel Sykes says this bird “ inhabits the woods of the Ghauts,
and is rare in the Dukhun.”—(Proc. Z. S. (1832), p. 82.)

“ These birds are entirely nocturnal. They tenant the interior of
woods, and never approach houses. They are common in the central
region of Nepal, rare in the northern, and unknown in the southern.”
—(Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 169.)

84 CATALOGUE.

102. SYRNIUM SELO-PUTO, Horsf. Sp.

Strix selo-puto, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 140.

Lath., Hist. 1. p. 354.

Syrnium selo-puto, G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 39.

Strix pagodarum, Temm., Pl. Col. 230.
SELo-PuTO, Java, Horsf.

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

103. SYRNIUM NIVICOLUM, Hodgs. Sp.

Urrua nivicola, Hodgs. MS.

Syrnium nivicolum, Hodgs. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng.
XIV. p. 185; XV. p.9; XVI. p.464. G. RB. Gray,
Cat. B.. Brit. Mus. p. 102. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p. 52. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 41.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 61.

A. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.

b. Himalaya. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

Ordo II. INSESSORES, Vigors.
Tribus I. FISSTROSTRES, Cuwv.
Familia I. MEROPID 2, Vigors.

Genus Merrops, Linn., S. N. (1756).
APprmastER, Briss., Orn. (1760).

104. MHROPS VIRIDIS, Linn.

Merops viridis, Linn., S. N. I. p. 182. Sykes, Proce. Z.
S. (1832), p. 82; Journ. A. S. Beng. III. p. 421.
G. R. Gray, Gen. Birds, I. p. 86; Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. II. p. 69. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 53. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 58. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 162.

——— oe

Sar

i

CATALOGUE. 85

Merops orientalis et torquatus, Lath.

Merops coromandus, Lath., var.

Merops Lamarckii, Cuv., Reg. An. I. p. 442.

Merops indicus, Jerd., Madr. Jowrn. L. 8. XI. p. 227.
Blyth, An. Nat. Hist. XII. p. 93.

Merops torquatus et ferrugeiceps, Hodgs. Gray, Zool.
Mise. (1844), p. 82.

The Indian Bee-eater, Lath.

Hurriat and Purrinea, Hind., Jerd.

Bans-purtTER (“bamboo-leaf”), Hind., Blyth. Dr. F.
(B.) Hamilton.

Mo-na-@yeEx, Arracan, Blyth.

A. B. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

c. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

d. Bengal. Presented by Dr. Falconer.

e. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

Ff. g. Drawings. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collec-
tion.

“ This well-known and common bird is spread in numbers over all
India. It generally hunts, like the true fly-catcher, from a fixed
station, which is either on the top or upper branch of a high tree,
or on the branch of a shrub or hedge, a bare pole, stalk of grain or
grass, or some old building. Here it sits looking eagerly around,
and on spying an insect, which it can do a long way off, captures
it on the wing with a distinct snap of its bill, and then returns to its
perch, generally sailing slowly with outspread wings, the coppery
burnishing of its head and wings shining conspicuously in the sun-
beams. Sometimes it hunts alone, at others in small parties, seated
near each other. Frequently it captures one or two insects before it
returns to its perch; and in the morning and evening considerable
numbers are often seen, sometimes in company with swallows, hawk-
ing actively about. The bee-eater also often changes its perch,
taking up a fresh one at some distance. It has a peculiar loud,
yet rather pleasant whistling note, which it often repeats in the
morning and evening when gathered together. In the bare table-
land, the Hurrial generally retires to some secluded and jungly
district for the purpose of breeding, which it is said to do in holes in

86 CATALOGUE.

ravines. It sometimes picks an insect off the ground, or off a flower
or branch. I have often seen this bird collect towards sunset in
small parties on a road, and roll themselves about in the sand and
dust, evidently with great pleasure.’—(Jerdon, Madr. Journ. XI.
p- 227.)

Mr. C. W. Smith, in his MS. Notes, says: “ Their time of in-
cubation is the month of June, and for months after they are
hatched the whole brood congregate, and swim about with the
swiftest and most entire movements through the air, making short
dips, and returning to the topmost twig, from which they took
flight. During these evolutions, they are busily employed in snap-
ping up the insects.”

“ The Green Bee-eater has the power of gliding along for some
distance without closing its wings, so that its flight consists of two
parts,—a rapid commencement in which the wings flap rapidly, and
a quick glide with the wings and tail fully expanded. Its motion,
especially in this latter position, is extremely elegant.’’—(Pearson,
Journ. A. 8. Beng. X. p. 631.)

Mr. Blyth also remarks: “ This bird is extremely common, but
disappears in the rainy season. It breeds in the neighbourhood of
Calcutta, as I have had specimens brought me with eggs ready to
lay in the month of March. The general habits of this bird are
those of a fly-catcher, but it frequently hawks for insects on the wing,
many together, like swallows.”—(Ann. Nat. Hist. XII. p. 93.)

105. MEROPS PHILIPPINUS, Linn.

Merops philippinus, Linn., 8S. N. 1. p. 183. G. BR. Gray,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. Il. p. 69. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p. 57. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. XI. p. 228. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 52.

Merops javanicus, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 171. Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 294.
G. Rk. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 86. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 162,

Merops Savignyi, Temm.

Merops Daudini, Cuv., Reg. An. I. p. 442.

Merops typicus, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844),
p- 82.

The Philippine Bee-eater.

CATALOGUE. 87

The Javan Bee-eater, Lath.

KacHana@an, Java, Horsf.

Bret-Brat or Barar-Barat, Sumatra, Raffles.
Brrray Berray, Malay, Hyton.
Boro-putTrinea, Hind., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton.
Bans-PuttTER, Beng., Jd.

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

B. and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S.
Raffles.

c. Bengal. Presented by Dr. Falconer.

d. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.
e. Drawing. From Heyne’s Collection.

fi. Drawing. Siam. From Finlayson’s Collection.

“ This bird prefers a well-wooded country, and I have seen it in
Goomsoor in open parts of the jungle, and in the west coast occa-
sionally in similar situations. It is almost always found in small
parties seated on the tops of high trees, frequently among wet paddy-
fields, and in general, perhaps, making a much longer circuit than
the last one, capturing several insects before returning to its perch.
I have on one or two occasions seen it perched on a low palisade
overhanging some water, and every now and then picking an insect
off the surface of the water. I once saw an immense flock of them
at Caroor, in the Carnatic (Coimbatoor district), and in the begin-
ning of March. There were many thousands of them perched on the
lofty trees lining the road there, which sallied forth for half an hour
or so, making a great circuit before returning. These birds were
most probably what had been spread over great part of that country,
now collected to migrate into a more wooded region during the
approaching hot season, when insect life is scarce. Like the Hurrial,
this has a loud and pleasing sort of whistle, but more full and
mellow.” —(Jerdon, Madr. Journ. L. 8S. XI. p. 228.)

106. MEROPS BADIUS, Ginel.

Merops badius, Gmel., 8. NV. L. 1. p. 462. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 86; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. II.
p.70. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 162.

Merops castaneus, Lath., Ind. Orn. I. p. 273.

88 CATALOGUE.

Merops sumatranus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 294. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 53.

? Merops Adamsoni, Levaiil.

The Chestnut Bee-eater.

A. and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S.
Raffles.

107. WEROPS NUBICUS, Gmel.

Merops nubicus, G'mel., S. N. L. I. p.464. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 86; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. II.
p. 71. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 161.

Merops ceruleocephalus, Lath., Ind. Orn. I. p. 274.

Merops superbus, Penn., Ind. Zool. Supp. p. 33.

The Blue-headed Bee-eater.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

108. WEROPS QUINTICOLOR, Vieill.

Merops quinticolor, Vieill., NV. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. XTV.
p. 20. G. &. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 86; Cat.
B. Brit. Mus. Il. p. 70. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8.
XI. p. 229. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 163.

Merops urica, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 172.
Swains., Zool. Ill. n. s. t. 8.

Merops erythrocephalus, Lath. apud Blyth, Cat. Mus. A.
S. B. p. 53.

The Pirik Bee-eater.

Prrix, Java, Horsfield.

A. and Drawing. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
b. Drawing. Ceylon. Mons. E. de Jonville’s Collection.

Mr. Jerdon procured a specimen of this bird “ at the foot of the
Coonoor pass, in dense jungle, and another in an open forest on the
Malabar Coast. It pursued insects from a fixed perch, returning
after having catched one; was generally observed seated on a low
bough, solitary, or two or three together.’”-—(Madr. Journ. L. 8S. XI.
p- 229.)

CATALOGUE, 89

109. MEROPS AGYPTIUS, Forsk.
Merops exgyptius, Forsk., Faun. Arab. I. No. 2. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 86; Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. II. p.69. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 161.
Merops persicus, Pall., Zoogr. I. p. 440. Bl; ib Cat. B.
Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 52.
The Egyptian Bee-eater.
Kuururen, Mesopotamia, Jones.
a. b. Mesopotamia. Presented by Commander Jones.

c.d. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

Genus Metirropuacts, Bote, Isis (1828), p. 316.

110. MELITTOPHAGUS VARIEGATUS, Vieill. Sp.
Merops variegatus, Vieill., N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. XIV.
p. 28.
Melittophagus variegatus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p. 86; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. II. p. 71.

Merops Sonnini, apud Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 168.
A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Genus Nyoriornis, Swzains., Zool. Iilust. N. S. (1881).

AucemeERoprs, J. Geoffr., Mém. du Mus. (1832).
Buca, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. (1836), p. 360.
Napopuita, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. (1841), p. 29.

lll. NYCTIORNIS ATHERTONII, Jard. et Selby Sp.
Merops Athertonii, Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. II. t. 58.
Nyctiornis Athertonii, McClelland, P. Z. S. (1839),
p. 155. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 87; Cat.
B. Brit. Mus. Il. p. 72. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p.58. Gould, Birds of Asia, t. 19. de C. G.
Av. p. 164,

Bucia Athertonii, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. X. p. 922.

Napophila Athertonii, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI.
p- 104.

Alcemerops Athertonii, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 52. .

n

i

-™
tal
+

90 CATALOGUE.

Nyctiornis ceruleus, Swains., Class. of Birds, II. p. 333.

Nyctiornis Amherstiana, Royle’s Himal. Bot. 1. p. 76.

Bucia nipalensis, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. V. p. 361.

Merops cyanogularis, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8S. XI.
p. 229.

Napophila meropina, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 82.

The Azure-throated Bee-eater.

Buxay-cuera, Nepal, Hodgs.

Pya-T00-NGHET, Arracan, Blyth.

A. and drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq.

B. Bengal. Presented by John Reeves, Esq.

c. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

_ Mr. Hodgson, in his remarks on the habits of this bird, says “ that
they are of rare occurrence, and are solitary woodlanders. They are
found in the lower and central regions of Nepal, but seldom or never
in the northern. Their food consists of bees and their congeners,
but they likewise consume great quantities of scarabei and their
like; they seek the deep recesses of the forests, and there, tran-
quilly seated on a high tree, watch the casual advent of their prey,
and, having seized it, return directly to their station. They are
of dull, staid manners, and never quit the deepest recesses of the
forest. In the rajah’s shooting excursions they are frequently taken
alive by the clamorous multitude of sportsmen, some two or more of
whom single outa bird, and presently make him captive, disconcerted
as he is by the noise.. The intestinal canal in this bird is usually
about twelve inches long, with ceca of an inch and more in length,
placed near to the bottom of it. The stomach is muscular, and of

medial subequal thickness. Such, too, is the character of the sto-—

mach and intestine in Merops.”—(Journ. A. S. Beng. V. p. 361.)
Mr. Jerdon says: “ I observed this species several times at the
foot of the Coonoor pass of the Neilgherries, in dense and lofty
jungle. One time it was alone, at others I observed it in pairs,
perching on the tops of the highest trees, and flying before you from
tree to tree. I was not fortunate enough to obtain a specimen,
owing to their extreme wariness.’’—(Madr. Journ. L. 8. XI. p. 229.)
Captain Boys also informs us, that “ this beautiful bird has a

CATALOGUE. 91

peculiarly wild note, and is very difficult of approach. I never
obtained but one specimen, and that was procured at considerable
risk, as the khud up which I followed it was a resort for wild animals

of all kinds ;

indeed, while engaged in its pursuit, a leopard set up

his hideous anata from the opposite side of the khud.”—(Gould,
Birds of Asia.) E

Fam. Il. HIRUNDINIDA, Vigors.

Subfam, I. HIRUNDININA, Bonap.

Genus Hirunpo, Linn., 8. NV. (1735).

112.

Crcropis, Bote, Isis (1826), p. 971.
Hers, Less., Compl. Buff. VIII. p. 496 (1837).

HIRUNDO PANAYANA, Gmel.

Hirundo panayana, Gmel., 8S. NV. L. I. p. 1018. Shaw’s
Zool. X. p.95. Lath., Hist. VII. p. 301.

Hirundo gutturalis, Scop. apud G. R. Gray, Cat. B.
Brit. Mus. UW. p. 22. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng.
XVI. p. 117.

Hirundo javanica, Sparm., Mus. Carl. IV. t. 100. Shaw,
Zool. X.p.101. Lath., Hist. VII. p. 3800. Hodgs.,
Cat. B. Nep. p. 54. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p. 57. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 338.

Hirundo jewan, Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1832), p. 88;
Journ. A. S. Beng. Ill. p.421. Jerd., Madr. Journ.
LD. S. XI. p. 237.

Hirundo rustica, Meyen., Nov. Acta Acad. Curiosor.
(1834), Suppl. t. 10, fi 1.

Hirundo rustica (Linn.), Hutton, Journ. A. 8. Beng.
XVI. p. 781. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p. 197. Temm., Pl. Col. 83, f. 2.

The Panayan Swallow, Lath.
The Javan Swallow, Lath.

92 CATALOGUE.

A. B.C. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

D. E. f Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.

g. Khussuk. From Griffth’s Collection.

h. i. Drawings. From Heyne’s Collection.

j. Young. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“This is perhaps the most generally distributed and abundant of
the Indian swallows, beg found in all parts of the country, fre-
quenting both the neighbourhood of water, open plains, and gardens:
it appears to differ but very slightly from the European swallow. I
do not know that it breeds in this country, but think not; and it
certainly disappears from some places during the hot season and
monsoon. If it does not breed in. the north of India, it probably
spreads over the north of the Asiatic continent.”—(Jerd. Madr.
Journ. XI. p. 237.) |

Captain Thomas Hutton remarks: “I first saw this bird on the
wing at Candahar, on the 8th February, 1840, and 5th February,
1841. They are abundant throughout the summer months, and build ;
in the open rooms, in temples, &c. They retire m October. The
advent and departure both depend upon the mildness of the seasons,
so that they are sometimes later, sometimes earlier than above stated.
Ihave seen them on the wing when the thermometer stood no higher :
than 36°. On the 8th February, 1840, when I saw the first swallow
of that. year, there had been hard frost and ice during the night; but
the morning was fine and sunshiny. On the 16th of that month, the
thermometer stood at 38°, and on the 17th, again at 36°; yet
swallows were twittering, and on the wing, coursing after insects,
which are abundant at that season. This fact, however, would seem
to argue that migration does not take place with these birds so
much from a dread of encountering cold, as because their natural
food begins to fail them in the autumnal season. But where do they
migrate to, for we have them at Candahar precisely at the same
seasons as in England? Do they travel to the Eastern Isles, or to
‘the regions of Southern Africa, or where? JI have seen another i
species at Mussoorie also on the wing, on the 20th February, 1842, ;
when frost and ice were on the ground, though the morning was fine :
and sunshiny.”—(Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 781.)

113. HIRUNDO DAURICA, Linn.

Hirundo daurica, Linn., Mant. p. 528. G. R. Gray,
- Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 57; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. IL. p. 22.

CATALOGUE. 93

Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XVI. p. 118; Cat. B.
Mus. A. S. Beng. p.198.. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 339.

Hirundo alpestris, Pall., Zoogr. I. p. 534, ¢. 80, f. 2.

Hirundo erythropygia, Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1832),
p. 83; Jowrn. A. S. Beng. III. p. 421. Jerd., Madr.
Journ. L. 8S. XI. p. 237,

Hirundo nipalensis, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. V.
p. 780. ;

The Daurian Swallow, Lath.
Red-rumped Swallow, Jerd.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

b. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

“This swallow in general prefers the proximity of jungles. I ob-
tained it in the jungles round the Neilgherries (and also on the
summit of the hills), in various other parts of the west coast, and in
the Carnatic, at the Tapoor pass. In the northern parts of the
table-land, however, I have seen it occasionally in the cold weather
only, both in the neighbourhood of water and on dry open plains.
Tt is often seen in the jungles it frequents seated in great numbers
on a tree.”

Mr. Elliot says: It “flies after insects; and when its mouth is full,
sits on a tree to devour them.’”’—(Jerdon, Madr. Journ. XI. p. 237.)

Mr. Hodgson says: “ This is the common swallow of the central
region of Nepal, a household creature, remaining with us for seven
or eight months of the year.”’—(Journ. A. 8. Beng. V. p. 781.)

“This species appeared in millions in two successive years,” says
Colonel Sykes, “in the month of March, on the parade-ground at
Poona: they rested a day or two only, and were never seen in the
same numbers afterwards.”—(P. Z. S. 1832, p. 83.)

114. HIRUNDO FILIFERA, Steph.

Hirundo filifera, Steph., Gren. Zool. XIII, p. 78. Sykes,
Proc. Z. 8. (1832), p. 83; Journ. A. S. Beng. III.
p. 421. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 58; Cat.
B. Brit. Mus. 11. p.25. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
~ Beng. p.197.. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 338. .

94 CATALOGUE.

Hirundo filicaudata, Frankl., Proc. Z. 8. (1831), p.115 ;
Journ. A. 8. Beng. 1. p. 268.
~ Hirundo ruficeps, Zicht., Cat. Dupl. Berl. Mus. p. 58.
The Wire-tailed Swallow, Lath., Hist. VII. p. 309, é. 118.
Lrisura, Hind., Jerd.
ABABEEL, Saharunpore, Royle.

A. B. 0. Dukhun.. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
d. Bengal. Presented by Dr. Falconer.
e. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

“This, by far the most elegant of the swallows, is only found
towards the more southern portion of the peninsula, about water.
In the more northern parts, however, it is more abundant, and
generally spread, frequenting not only the neighbourhood of water,
but also fields, gardens, and open plains. It is found in small parties
of four, six, or-more. It breeds in holes of old walls and buildings,
generally in the neighbourhood of water, also in wells and bowries,
forming a small mud nest, much open at the top. Its long thread-
like tail-feathers are only observable at a few yards’ distance, and in
consequence of this, nine-tenths of the Europeans here are unaware
of its existence. It occasionally perches on trees.’”’—(Jerd. Madr.
Journ. L. 8. XI. p. 287.)

Colonel Sykes observes: “ Very abundant in the Dukhun, ‘and
very beautiful, with its thread-like tail-feathers floating behind when
in flight.”—(P. Z. 8. 1832, p. 83.)

115. HIRUNDO STRIOLATA, Temm.

Hirundo striolata, Zemm. et Schl., Faun. Jap. et Rev.
Crit. Ois. Eur. p.42. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p. 58; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. Il. p. 23. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 340.

Cecropis striolata, Riipp., Syst. Uebers. t. 6.
Hirundo abyssinica, Guer., Rev. Zool. (1843), p. 322.
The Streaked Swallow.

A. B. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Genus Cotyir, Bote, Isis (1822), p. 550.
Brsuis, Less., Compl. Buff. VIII. p. 495 (1887).

CATALOGUE. 95
116. COTYLE RIPARIA, Linn. Sp.
Hirundo riparia, Zinn., 8S. N. I. p. 844; Pl. Enl. 548,
Sid.
Cotyle riparia, Bote, Isis (1822), p. 550. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 60; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. II.
p. 29. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 199.

Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 342.
Cotyle fluviatilis, Brehm., Veg. Deutschl. I. p

fae
Cotyle microrhynchos, Brehm., Veg. Deutschl. I. p. 143.

Gould, Birds of Eur. t. 58.
The Sand-martin Swallow.
a. b. Afohaifistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

ae Frequents rivers and sand-banks; voice loud, harsh, with same
intonation as the black partridge.” —(Griffith’s MS.)

. 143, ¢. 10,

117. COTYLE RUPESTRIS, Scop. Sp.
Hirundo rupestris, Scop., Nawm. Vag. Deutschl. t.146,
f-1. Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XVI. p. 119.

_ Cotyle rupestris, Bote, Isis (1826), p. 971. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 60; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. Il.
p. 29. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p.55. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 198. Bonap., C. G. Av.

p. 841.
Hirundo rupicola, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. V. p. 781.

Hirundo inornata, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. XII. p. 201;
XIII. p. 173.
The Crag-Swallow.
A. b. c. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.
d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
e. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
Mr. Hodgson says: “They inhabit the central and northern

regions of Nepal: not migratory; adhere to the mountains, pre-
ferring rocky situations.” —(Journ. A. 8. Beng. V. p. 781.) .

96 CATALOGUE.

118. COTYLE FULIGULA, Licht. Sp.
‘Hirundo fuligula, Licht., Forst. Desc. Anim. p. 55.

Cotyle fuligula, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 60;

Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 11. p. 29. Bonap., C. G. a
p. 342.

Cotyle paludibula, Ripp., Syst. Uebers. p. 22.
The African Crag-Swallow.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

119. COTYLE SINENSIS, J. E. Gray Sp.

Hirundo sinensis, G. & H., Lil. Ind. Zool. I. t. 35, f. 3.
Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 119; Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 199. ©>

Cotyle sinensis, G. R. Gray, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. I. p. 30.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 342.

Hirundo brevicaudata, MeClell., Proce. Zool. Soc. (1839),

p- 156. G. R. Gray, Gen. ie Birds, I. p. 58.

Hirundo subsoccata et minuta, Hodgs. Gray, Zool.
Mise. (1844), p. 82.

The Small Crag-Swallow.
Axpatt, Hind., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. II. p. 87.
Naxuti, Beng., Id.

A. B. Banks of the Hughly. Presented by the Asiatic
Society of Bengal.

C. and drawing (H. brevicaudata, McClell.). Presented
by J. McClelland, Esq.

D. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
é. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
Jf. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.
“During the cold season, this bird, which seems to have entirely
the manners of the H. riparia, frequents the sandy banks of the
Ganges and its tributary streams. It arrives in October, and dis-

appears in March ; breeds in holes formed in abrupt sandy banks.’’—
(Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. II. p. 57.)

Mr. Blyth remarks: “I have found both newly-laid eggs and

CATALOGUE. 97

young ready to fly in the beginning of December (at Calcutta), and
also at the end of February. The nest-holes vary in depth from a
foot and a half to considerably more, according as the banks are more
or less hard ; and the nest itself is composed of dry grass, with
occasionally a few feathers in the lining; the eggs are pure white,
like those of HZ. riparia.”’—(Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 119.)

120. COTYLE CONCOLOR, Sykes Sp.

Hirundo concolor, Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1832), p. 83;
Journ. A. S. Beng. Ill. p. 421. G. RB. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, I. p. 58. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p.119; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.199. Jerd.,
Madr. Journ. L. 8. XI. p. 238.

Cotyle concolor, Boie, Isis (1844), p.170. G. R. Gray,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 11. p. 30. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 842.

Biblis concolor, Less., Compl. Buff. VIII. p. 495.
The Brown Crag-Swallow.

A. B. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

Colonel Sykes remarks, “ These birds live on the banks of rivers.”
—(P. Z. S. 1832, p. 83.)

Mr. Jerdon “ never observed this swallow in the Carnatic, either
in the northern division or west coast, and only towards the more
northern portion of the Deccan. It is by no means numerous ; it is
solitary, frequenting tanks or rivers, and also gardens, fields, and
villages. It breeds in the eaves of houses, in high walls, and other |
buildings.” —(Madr. Journ. L. 8. XI. p. 288.)

121. COTYLE CINCTA, Bodd Sp.
Hirundo cincta, Bodd, Tubl. des Pl. enl. d’ Aub. p. 45.

Cotyle cincta, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 60; Cat.
B. Brit. Mus. U1. p. 30.

Hirundo torquata, Gmel., S. N. LD. I. p. 1022. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 342.

The Brown-collared Swallow.

A. B. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

0

98 CATALOGUE.

Subfam II. CYPSELIN A, Bonap.
Genus Coxtocatia, G. R. Gray, List of Genera of Birds,
p- 11 (1840), and Genera of Birds, I. p. 55.*

Hirunno, Linn. et al.

122. COLLOCALIA NIDIFICA, G. R. Gray.t

Hirundo fuciphaga, Thunberg, Act. Holm. (1772),
XXXII. p. 151, ¢. 4. Shaw, Zool. X. p. 111,
#. 12.4

* Mr. Blyth makes favourable mention of the ground on which the genus Collo-
calia was established by Mr. Gray. See Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 209.

+ In the present case the specific name of Mr. Gray has been adopted (contrary
to the rule generally adhered to in this Catalogue) in preference to that of Thun-
berg, which was founded on an erroneous opinion of the substance with which the
nest is constructed. ;

t+ To Professor Thunberg belongs the credit of having given that specific rank and
character to the bird which in the Indian Archipelago constructs the edible nests,
the Hirundo fuciphaga, Thunb., or Collocalia nidifica, of Gray ; by which it is
clearly distinguished from the Hirundo esculenta of Linnzeus. The following
extract from the ‘‘ Transactions of the Stockholm Academy ” explains his deter-
mination.

“In my ‘ Travels,’ vol. III. p. 319, and vol. IV. p. 164, I briefly mentioned
the swallow which builds this jelly-like nest in the Tjirraton mountain, in peculiar
caves, on the island of Java, which I took for Linnzus’s ZH. esculenta, but which I
afterwards found, on closer examination, to be an unknown species quite different
from the esculenta; and since I have not found the same named or described by any
Ornithologist, I have thought it worthy of being determined by characters, and
described and still more figured, and thereby become fully known to Ornitho-
logists. This species, called fuciphaga, builds its nests like esculenta, in fissures and
clefts of rocks ; and they form an excellent (both precious and remunerative) mer-
chandise. Both birds are,. at first sight, very like each other, so as to be easily
confounded. .e

** Hirundo esculenta of Linn. (Syst. Nat. I. p. 191) is that which Brisson has
figured (vol. II. t. 46, f. 2, a.) ; but that which Rumphius has had drawn in the
Herb. Amb. vol. VI. t. 75, f. 3, 4, is my fuciphaga. It seems that Rumphius
had seen and confounded the two species ; that the elder Rumphius in his descrip-
tion meant H. esculenta, and his son, who drew the figure, had H. fuciphaga for
his pattern. The following is the description :—

“« «H. fuciphaga: supra atra, subtus cinerea, tota immaculata.

“ ¢ Hab. in Java, in montium rimis pregrandibus, fere inaccessilibus, ad Tjirra-
ton ; et alibi in insulis Moluccanis. Corpus supra atrum, immaculatum, vix nitens ;

CATALOGUE. 99

Collocalia nidifica, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 55;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. Il. p. 20. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus.
A, S. Beng. p. 86. Bonap., C. G, Av. p. 343.

Hirundo esculenta, apud Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 142. Raffles, id. p. 315.*

Hirundo esculenta var. Lath., Hist. VII. p. 296,
Pap le Wd :

Niduli esculenti, Rwmph., Herb. Amb. (1750), VI. t. 74,
S. 3-4 (figura nec. descriptio).

subtus cinercum vel sordide fuscum seu albidum a gula usque ad basin caude ; pollices
circiter quatuor longum.

_« © Rostrum brevissimum, depressum, apice incurvum, atrum.

“« * Cauda rotundata, supra infraque atra, tota immaculata, longitudine corporis.

« ¢ Ale atre, immaculate, acute, cauda duplo longiores. Pedes nigri, breves.

<< ¢ Differt ab H. esculenta: cauda tota atra immaculata.

“* “ H. borbonica : thorace et abdomine unicoloribus, absque maculis.

«HH. francica: cut simillima et cur proxime accedit, quod atra sit, nec
solum nigricans supra; quodque major et ad aquas Oceant habitans
nidos gelatinosos construat.’

“* H, esculenta is especially recognisable by the white specks on the black tail-
feathers, and the other bird (fuciphaga) wants these spots entirely, the tail-feathers
being uniform in colour, which is quite black. Both species are black above, and
dirty white beneath.”—(Thunberg, Act. Holm. XX XITT. p. 151 (1772).)—Trans-
lated from the original Swedish by N, Wallich, Esq., M.D. F.R.S,

* HIRUNDO ESCULENTA, rectricibus omnibus macula alba notatis, Linn.,

Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1758), p. 191. Gmel., S. N. LZ. 1. p. 1016..

Hirundo nidibus edulibus, Bont., Jav. p. 66.
Niduli esculenti, Rumph., Herb. Amb. VI, p. 183 (exclus. fig.).
La Salangane, Buff., H. N. VI. p. 682.

The other synonyms cited by Linneus have no authority but that of Bontius.
At the period of the publication of the tenth edition of the ‘‘ Systema Nature,”
the only authority for the specific character of Linnzeus, was that of Rumphius
above cited :—seque caude plume separantur alba conspicitus macula.

Brisson’s Ornithology, which was published in 1760, gives the character of the
Hurundo riparia cochinchinensis :—Hirundo superne nigricans, inferne albida, rectri-
cibus nigricantibus, apice albis. This rests entirely on the drawing and description
of M. Poivre. .

_ At the present period no authentic specimens of the Hirundo esculenta, as
described by Linnzeus, as far as has been ascertained, appear to exist in modern
museums, It requires, therefore, further observations to determine whether the
H, esculenta described by Linnzus be really a distinct species, or a variety vaguely
and incorrectly indicated, while the faithfulness of M. Poivre’s drawing is ques-
tioned by modern Ornithologists,

Bontius gives no description of the bird.

100 CATALOGUE.

De Nidis hirundinum edulibus, Bont., Jav. (1656), p. 66,
chap. XIII. Ray, Syn. Meth. Av. 1. p. 72 (1718).
Willughby, Orn. p. 157 (1727). Olear., Mus. XXV~
t. 14, f. 5-6. Du Halde, Il. p. 302. Klein, Av.
p. 84, No. 7 (1750).

Hirundo maritima, Camel, Phil. Trans. (1702), XXIII.
p. 1396, No. 36.

Hirundo brevirostris, McClell., P. Z. S. (1839), p. 155.
Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 548.

Hirundo unicolor, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. XI. p. 238.

Cypselus unicolor, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. XIII.
p.173. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. X1V. p. 212.

Cypselus concolor, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng., XI. p. 886;
XIV. p. 209.

Small Grey Swallow, Staunton, Emb. to China, 1. p. 288.

Esculent Swallow, Lath.

SaRone-BURONG, Ruwmphius.

Layone Layone, Marsden, Hist. Sumat. p. 141.

JENWA, JENIKU, vulgo Jens, Japan, Kempfer, Amen.
p. 833.

Lawet, Java, Horsf.

Wanatzna, Ceylon, Blyth.

A. B. C. and nests. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

D. and Drawing (H. brevirostris, McClell.). Assam.
Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.

E. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

123. COLLOCALIA LINCHI, n. Sp.

Hirundo fuciphaga, apud Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soe. XIII.
p. 148. Lath., Hist. VII. p. 292.

Collocalia fuciphaga, apud G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 55; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. part Il. p.21. Blyth,
Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 548; XV. p. 22; Cat.
B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 86. Rev. P. Barbe, Journ.
A. §. Beng. XV. p. 363.

Linchi Swallow.

CATALOGUE. 101

Lincut, Java, Horsf.

A. adult, B. young and nest. Java. From Dr. Hors-
field’s Collection.

The earliest notice in works on natural history of a species of
Hirundo producing the so-called edible birds’-nests, is given by Bon-
tius in the “ Historia Naturalis Indiz Orientalis,” published in the
year 1658, chapter XIII., de Midis Hirundinum edulibus.

About half a century later, the same subject attracted the attention
of the two distinguished Dutch writers, Valentyn and Rumphius.
The former describes the bird as he observed it in the Moluccas,
Amboyna, Ternate, and Gilolo. See “ Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indien,”
door Francois Valentyn, III. Deil, p. 328 (1726).

Rumphius, whose “ Herbarium Amboinense’’ was completed
before the end of the seventeenth century, though not published
till 1750 by J. Burman, gives a very detailed description of the
bird producing the nidi esculenti or sarong-burong, with copious
remarks on its habits, use, and distribution through the Indian Ar-
chipelago. His description, if correct, would confirm the character
given by Brisson in the second volume of his Ornithology, on the
authority of M. Poivre. ‘“ Zpsarum color,’ Rumphius states, “ ple-
rumque niger est cum ceruleo fulgore, sigue caude plume separentur,
im quavis penna alba conspicitur macula.’—(Herb. Amb. vol. VI.
p- 183.)

Soon after the commencement of the eighteenth century, these
now celebrated edible nests became a subject of interest to naturalists
and scientific travellers in the East. Ina Catalogue of Birds found
in the island of Luzon, entitled “ Observationes de Avibus Philip-
pensibus,” the Esculent Swallow is briefly indicated in No. 86, as
“* Hirundo maritima: Salanga ; aliis Sayan, Botabota vel Salangan ;
cujus nidus est tragacanthum venereum indicum. Nidus avium
Schrederi : Patong Indorwm, Enno Sinarum. Abundat in insula
Jolo, Samboangan.”’— (Transactions of the Philosophical Society,
vol. XXIII. p. 1396 (1702).)

The next author who notices them is the indefatigable Kemp-
fer. In his “ Amcenitates Exotice,”’ published in 1712, he briefly
indicates their use as an article of diet, and gives the Japanese name
and character.

In the year 1718, Captain Daniel Beeckman found these nests as
an article of commerce at Banjar-massing, in Borneo. “ Besides
pepper,” he states, “ they have plenty of birds’-nest, which is sold

102 CATALOGUE.

at ninety or one hundred dollars per pikul. The whitest and
clearest is the best.”—(Voy. to Borneo, p. 146, Lond. (1718).)

In the year 1741, M. Poivre, late intendant of the islands Isle de
France and Bourbon, while sailing up the Straits of Sunda on a
voyage to China, discovered in a small rocky island, which rises as
a solitary peak with precipitous sides from the ocean (known to
mariners by the name of the Cap), an extensive cavern, the entrance
to which was, at the time of his visit, darkened by a swarm of swal-
lows passing out in a rapid stream, frantic and bewildered. On
entering it, he found the sides lined with nests, many of which he
collected, as well as specimens of the birds, which furnished the
materials of an animated and detailed description, and of drawings
which he communicated to M. Buffon, and which is given entire
in vol, VII. p. 334, of the “ Natural History of Birds.”

The drawing represents the bird with white spots on the tail-
feathers, as indicated in the specific character of Linneus and in
Brisson’s Ornithology, but the accuracy of which is questioned by
modern Ornithologists.

The article La SALANGANE, in Buffon’s “ Hist. Nat. des Ois.,’’ above
cited, contains a most elaborate and learned report on the subject of
edible birds’-nests, from the most ancient times to the period of the
publication of the volume, compiled with much critical detail from all
the accessible sources of information.

About the year 1750, Osbeck, a pupil of Linneus, visited East
India as a Chaplain in the Swedish service: in the Fawnula Sinensis,
which J. R. Forster added to the translation of his Travels, in 1771,
the bird is enumerated with Linnzus’s name of H. esculenta. In
1783, Mr. Marsden published the first edition of his “ History of
Sumatra,” which contains many novel and interesting remarks on the
birds’-nests, as they are found in Sumatra, with observations on their
history and value in commerce.

Thunberg, whose Travels were published about the year 1790, is
the next author who refers to this subject: in the fourth volume, at
page 163, he describes a visit to the caverns at Mount Tijirraton, in
Java, in which the esculent swallows build their nests. At this time
he had not noticed the character by which the Javanese species—the
HI. fuciphaga, Thunb.—was distinguished from the H. esculenta of
Linneus. See above.

A very full and authentic account of this bird is given by the
Rey. J. Hooyman, in the third volume of the Batavia Society’s
Transactions, published in 1781. Besides an accurate description of

CATALOGUE. 103

' the bird itself, its form and colour, it details the author’s personal
observation on its habits, locality, and value in commerce, with many
new and interesting particulars. Mr. Hooyman is the first writer
who has correct notions on the substance from which the nests are
prepared; and he contradicts and refutes the erroneous opinion
entertained by preceding writers, as to the production of the nests
from glutinous matters collected from Mollusca or from Fuci found
near the seashore. He distinctly and correctly states the food to
consist of insects; which is confirmed by later observations. The
birds, he states, resort during the day to marshes, or hover over the
inland lakes and plains, which abound with insects of all kinds; and
he endeavours to prove that it would be impossible for birds living in
the interior, to reach the coast and return to their caves in the course
of one day. He is also the first author who entertains, at least par-
tially, a correct opinion respecting the materials of which the nest is
produced; describing it as being elaborated from the food of the
bird, by a peculiar organic effort resembling secretion. This process
has since been carefully examined and illustrated by Sir Everard
Home, in a paper read before the Royal Society. After detailing
the peculiar structure of the gastric glands observed in the esculent
swallow, Sir Everard gives it as his opinion, that the mucous sub-
stance of which the nest is composed is secreted from the membranous
tubes which surround the ducts of the glands previously described.*

In the account of the voyage of the embassy of Earl Macartney to
China, the vessels, in sailing up the Straits of Sunda, noticed in the
precipitous peak, the Cap above mentioned by M. Poivre, two caverns
containing edible birds’-nests, which led the author of the account
(Sir George Staunton) to some interesting remarks on the subject, in
which he gives the substance of the paper of the Rev. J. Hooyman,
above referred to.

Professor Oken, in his general Natural History, has condensed in
one view the observations given by various writers on the esculent
swallow; which may be consulted with advantage: and the familiar
History of Birds, by the late Dr. Edward Stanley, Bishop of Norwich,
contains a pleasing and interesting ee of what has been hitherto
recorded on the subject. :

* Mr. Blyth confirms the researches of Sir Everard Home, by stating, in refe-
rence to this subject, that there can be no doubt that the glutinous matter found
in the nests of various species of swallows is secreted by large salivary glands; and
Mr. Laidley arrived at the same conclusion as to their constitution, by chemical
analysis, See Journ. A. 8S. B. XIV. p. 210.

104 CATALOGUE.

During the British possession of Java, from 1811 to 1816, the ©

history and management of the birds’-nests engaged the attention of
Government, chiefly on account of their importance as a source of
revenue; and much valuable information was collected and made
public. The substance of this the inquirer will find in the “ History
of Java,” by the Honourable Sir T. 8. Raffles, and the “ History of
the Indian Archipelago,” by John Crawfurd, Esq.

The fact that these swallows congregate in large flocks in rock-
caverns, and build their nests on the walls, is mentioned by all
writers on the subject; and on the condition of these caverns much
of the quality and value of the nest depends. Of the character and
number of these caverns, as found in the Indian Archipelago gene-
rally, little is known ; and it is only in Java that accurate information
has been obtained. :

The geological constitution of this island is peculiarly favourable
to the attraction and shelter of these birds. In the interior, exten-
sive ranges of limestone rock are abundant, containing caverns and
fissures of considerable extent. The southern coast, near the ocean,
consists in many localities of precipitous piles and strata of lime-
stone, marl, and clay, intermixed with volcanic materials. In these,
extensive caverns and fissures are naturally formed, which constitute
the favourite resort of these birds. The chief of these localities
along the southern shore are Karong-bolong, Rangkop, and Pajit-
tan. Various details respecting the caverns found in these districts,
their individual character and extent, the regulations established to
secure a regular supply of nests, with other particulars which can-
not be introduced here, are given in the eighth volume of the
“Transactions of the Batavian Society of Arts,” in an “ Essay
on the Geography and Geology of the Western Provinces of the
Native Princes of Java,’’ by T. Horsfield; and in “ Travels through
Java,” by Dr. Fr. Junghuhn, pp. 108, 109.

The present administration and management of these caverns is
founded on the experience of many years, and has been reduced to a
remarkable degree of accuracy, so that the average quantity of nests
to be expected from the individual caves can be estimated before the
period of collection with considerable precision. This collection of
the nests is undertaken, with occasional slight variations, at three
annual periods, according to the subdivision of the year in the
Javanese calendar. The largest gathering is made in the month
Kapat, agreeing with October, after an interval of six months from
the preceding period, Kasongo, corresponding to our month March:

ers

bl

CATALOGUE, 105

from Kapat to Kepito (from October to December), and from Kepito
to Kesongo (from December to March), the shorter periods of three
months each are adhered to. These shorter periods barely allow the
birds to complete their nests and the first period of incubation:
many of the young birds are necessarily destroyed; but the nests
themselves are generally of superior quality, and perfectly white.
During the longer interval of six months, a second progeny is
allowed to reach maturity: both,broods complete their respective
nests, and no birds are destroyed. The collection, of course, is
proportionally large. According to the uniform report of the na-
tives, the male bird frequently forms a separate nest. The mecha-
nical contrivances of scaffolding and ladders to reach the nests, the
risks in collecting them, their disposition in the caverns, and many
other particulars, are detailed in the works above referred to.

Both Raffles and Crawfurd estimate the quantity of birds’-nests
passing annually through the Batavian market to China, at about 200
pikuls. Of this quantity, about 100 pikuls are the produce of the
caverns on the south coast of the island, which, according to Rafiles,
yield an annual revenue to the proprietors, the native princes and
the government jointly (in certain proportions), of 200,000 Spanish
dollars. About 50 pikuls are from caves belonging to individuals,
while about 50 pikuls are brought to Batavia from other parts of the
Archipelago. Besides these, the Suluh Archipelago alone produces
530 pikuls, and Macassar about 30. The entire quantity of nests
annually sent to China is worth 1,263,510 Spanish dollars, or
£284,290.

“ The common prices for birds’-nests at Canton are, for the first
sort, 3,500 Spanish dollars the pikul, or £5. 10s. 33d. per pound;
for the second, 2,800 Spanish dollars per pikul; and for the third, no
more than 1,600 Spanish dollars.’”—(Crawfurd, Hist. Ind. Archip.
III. p. 433.)

In some parts of China, 40 Spanish dollars have been paid for one
kati—rather more than one pound and a quarter English. Specimens
were produced at the Great Industrial Exhibition of 1851, valued,
the first quality, at £3. 2s. 8d. per pound; the second quality, at
9s. 43d. per pound; and the third, 3s. 1d. per pound.

It may be noticed in this place, that no extensive caverns have
hitherto been indicated by Ornithologists as existing in the interior
of Continental India, resembling those common in the Archipelago,
which would constitute a favourable resort to these birds in large
flocks, for the construction of nests in society, although the conti-

F

a
ale |
o > f

106 : CATALOGUE.

nental representatives of the Collocalia nidifiea are found as well in
the Peninsula as m the Upper Provinces. In describing the 7. uni-
color, Mr. Jerdon merely remarks: “ I have found this remarkable
species on the Coonoor pass of the Neilgherries, and about the edges
of bills. It flies im large flocks, and with great speed.”—
Journ. L. S. XI. p. 238.) And Mr. Blyth states: “ The Society
has received it (C. unicolor) from Darjeeling.” Is it, therefore, ex-
clusively a mountain species, which constructs glutinous nests like
the other (C. esculenta), but in mountain caverns ?

On the sea-coast of the Peninsula, however, several localities are
indicated as producing edible nests. “ On the Western Coast, for
instance, in the group of small islands about eight miles west of
Vingorla (which is 275 miles from Bombay), commonly known as the
Vingorla Rocks, where about a hundred-weight of these nests are
produced annually.”——(Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 209.)
And Willughby mentions the Coast of Coromandel as likewise pro-
ducing these nests, on the authority of Joan de Laet, m “ Epistola
ad Wormium” (Mus. Lib. 3, cap. 21).

According to Ramphius, the Collocalia nidifica is not only found
along the coasts of the islands of the Archipelago, but also of Siam,
Camboja, and Cochm China; and Mr. Blyth enumerates the fol-
lowing localities: Neilghernes, Ceylon, Sikim, Assam, and Malay
countries.

In the Nicobar Islands, in the Bay of Bengal, the Collocalia Linchi,
Horsf. {the C. fuciphaga, apud Blyth), represents the C. nidifica of
Gray, as a constructor of edible nests. Im the notice of these
islands, the Reverend P. Barbe communicates some interesting par-
ticulars respecting the habits of these birds, which agree generally
with the preceding details. “The nests are of different qualities;

those of the first are worth from forty to fifty dollars the kati at —

Penang. The rest are sold at gradually decreasing prices, according
to their purity.” —(Journ. A. S. Beng. XV. p. 363.)
Genus Crpsetus, [liger, Prod. Mam. p. 229 (1811).
Apuws, Scop., Introd. Hist. Nat. p. 483 (1777).
Microrus, Meyer et Wolf., Taschenb. Deutschl. Veg. 1.
p- 280 (1810).

Tacnornts, Gosse, B. of Jam. p. 58 (1848).

124. CYPSELUS AFFINIS, J. E. Gray.
Cypselus affinis, G. & H., Til. Ind. Zool. I. t. 35, f- 2.

a

CATALOGUE. 107

Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1832), p. 83. Jerdon, Madr.
Journ. L. S. XI. p. 225. G. R. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, I. p. 54; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. Il. p. 19.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 54. Blyth, Journ. A. 8.
Beng. XIV. p. 212; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 86. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 65.

Cypselus nipalensis, Hodys., Journ. A. S. Beng. Wes
p. 780.

Cypselus montanus, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L.S. X11. p.144.
The Allied Swift, Gray.

The White-rumped Swift, Jerd.

ABABEEL, Hind., Jerd., or BasrrEta, Tickell.
Huwa-BILBitt Kuncuya, Saharunpore, Royle.

A. B. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

“The Ababeel, though of general distribution throughout the
Peninsula, yet at the same time is so partially distributed as to have
caused Colonel Sykes to remark : ‘ So rare in the Deccan, that I have
only obtained two specimens.’ It is found in all districts of India ;
but in these is often confined to a small tract in the neighbourhood
of some few large pagodas, large old choultries, and other similar
buildings. In the Carnatic it is common-at Madras, at the rocky
fort of Trichinopoly, and very numerous at the large pagodas of
Madura, among which their nests are thickly crowded. On the west
coast I saw it on several occasions, chiefly among rocky hills, but
only observed it twice through the whole length of the table-land
from the Tapoor pass to Jaulnah; and then but few in number. At
this latter place, however, it was very common, breeding in some old
choultries and other buildings. It seldom, I think, takes a very
long range from its breeding-places. It builds its nest in company
always, often thickly crowded together, placing them in corners and
crevices of old buildings, and forming them of clay, profusely mixed
with straw, grass, feathers, and other soft substances, of which they
appear externally to be entirely composed. During the night they
roost in their nests, four or five often occupying the same one, as I
observed in the celebrated choultry at Ajunteh.”—(Jerd., Madr.
Journ. L. 8. XI. p. 235.)

Mr. Hodgson says, “ This is the common Swift of the central
regions of Nepal, where it remains all the year, building under

108 CATALOGUE.

thatched roofs and against the beams of flat roofs. It lays two
white eggs, and breeds repeatedly.”—(Journ. A. 8. Beng. V.
p- 780.) =

Mr. Blyth remarks: “ The nest of this species is generally so
placed as to be concealed, or, at least, rendered inconspicuous by
a rafter or other object in front; and its capacity would indicate that
it is intended as much for a habitation for a number of the birds as for
the ordinary purposes of incubation; but it would appear that there
is no convenience in them for more than one pair of birds to in-
cubate.”—(Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. Suppl. p. 10.)

Captain Tickell describes the nest of this bird as being “ large,
flat, irregular, of fine straw, hay, and feathers, closely interwoven,
and kept together with a glutinous substance supplied from the
bird’s salivary glands, generally glued against some beam in a
veranda or outhouse, in some remote corner. Eggs three, shape
lengthened, spotless, white. Male, 28 x ,%; female, 22 x . July.”
—(Journ. A. S. Beng. XVII. p. 303.)

125. CYPSELUS BATASSIENSIS,* J. E. Gray.

Cypselus batassiensis, J. L. Gray, Griff:, An. Kingd. II.
p- 60. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 54; Cat.
B. Brit. Mus. Il. p.19. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A.
S. Beng. p. 86.

Cypselus Palmarum, J. E. Gray & Hardw., Ill. Ind.
Zool. I. t. 35, f. 1. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. XI.
p. 236. Blyth, An. N. H. XII. p. 95. Tickell,
Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVII. p. 302. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 65.

Atticora Palmarum, Bote, Isis (1844), p. 172.

Hirundo (Apus) batassia, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. I.
p, 82.

The Batassian Swift, Lath., Hist. VII. p. 329.
Purta-DEvLi, Hind., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton.
Batassta, Beng., Jd.

ABABIL, of the Mussulmans, Jd.

TAl-CHUTTA, Tickell.

* Balassiensis, A uct. corrigend.

CATALOGUE, 109

A. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.
b. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“ This bird inhabits Bengal at all seasons, and is a nocturnal bird,
appearing at sunset, and going to rest at sunrise. It builds its nest
in the fronds of the Tat (Borassus flabelliformis, Linn.). The Ben-
galee name signifies a bird resembling wind, and is bestowed on this
species on account of its swift flight.”—(Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS.
I. p. 82.)

Captain Tickell remarks: “ The eggs are = x 42 (immensely large
for such a bird), rather blunt, white, with wither tlarse spots of deep
claret-brown, most numerous at the big end. J we ”—(Journ. A.S.
Beng. XVII. p. 302.)

Mr. Jerdon also remarks: “ This species is common in all the
districts of India, except on the bare table-land, where it is rare. As
its name implies, it frequents groves of palms, especially the Palmyra
(Borassus flabelliformis), and does not in general fly to any distance
from them.’’—(Madr. Journ. L. 8. XI. p. 236.).

Mr. Blyth also states: This bird “ mainly affects rural districts,
building its nests within the fronds of the fan-leaved palms, some-
times twenty or thirty pairs of them associating in those of a single
tree ; while it is also rare to meet with one of the same palms clus-
tered with the pensile nests of the Baya (Ploceus philippensis), that
does not also harbour two or three pairs of this elegant little Palm
Swift.”—(Journ. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 889.)

126. CYPSELUS APUS, Linn. Sp.

Hirundo apus, Linn., 8S. N. I. p. 344.

Cypselus apus, Jllig., Prod. Mamm. et Av. p. 230. G.
RR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.54; Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. Il. p.18. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 85. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 65.

The Common Swift, Lath.

a. 6. Candahar. From Griffith’s Collection.

127. CYPSELUS LEUCONYX, Blyth.

Cypselus leuconyx, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 212; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.85. G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, Suppl. III. p. 4. Bonap., C
G. Av. p. 69.

A. B. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Qellection:

110 CATALOGUE.

Genus DenpRocHELIDON, Bote, [sis (1828), p. 165.
Macroprerrx, Swains., Zool. Ill. (1832).
Macroptervs, Swains., Zool. Ill. (1832).
PatestRE, Less., Compl. Buff. VIII. p. 490 (1837).

128. DENDROCHELIDON COMATUS, Temm. Sp.

Cypselus comatus, Zemm., Pl. Col. 268.
Dendrochelidon comatus, Bote, Isis (1844), p. 166. Bo-
nap., O. G. Av. p. 66.

Macropteryx comatus, Swains., Classif. B. II. p.340.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 54; Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. Il. p.17. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 87.

The Hooded Swift.

A. Siam. From Finlayson’s Collection.

129. DENDROCHELIDON KLECHO, Horsf. Sp.
Hirundo Klecho, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 143.
Lath., Hist. VII. p. 293.

Dendrochelidon Klecho, Bote, Isis (1844), p. 166. Bo-
nap., C. G. Av. p. 66.

Macropteryx Klecho, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 54; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. WI. p.17. Blyth, Journ.
A. S. Beng. XIV. p.212; XV. p. 22; Cat. B. Mus.
A. 8. Beng. p. 87.

Cypselus longipennis, Zemm., Pl. Col. 83.
Macropteryx longipennis, Swains., Zool. Illust. n.s. t. 74.

Hirundo urbica, apud Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XII.
p. 315.

The Klecho Swift.
SAMBER-GALENG, Java, Horsf.
Long-winged Crested Swift, Swazns.

A. B. males (genis rujis), C. D. females (genis nigris).
Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

c. Drawing of male. Sumatra. From Rafiles’s Collec-
tion.

CATALOGUE. lil

Genus AcantuyLis, Bote, [sis (1826), p. 971.

Cuxtura, Steph., Gen. Zool. XIII. p. 76 (1825).
Hemiprocne, Nitzsch., Pterylog. p. 123 (1840).
Hirunparvs, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. (1836), p. 780.
PaLuENE, Less., Compl. Buff. VIII. p. 493 (1837).

130. ACANTHYLIS NUDIPES, Hodgs. Sp.

Cheetura nudipes, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. V. p. 779.

Acanthylis nudipes, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 55;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. 11. p.15. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p. 54. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 64.

Cypselus leuconotus, Deless., Mag. de Zool. (1840), Ois.
t. 20; Souv., Voy. dans Inde, Ois. t. 9.

Acanthylis fusca, (Shaw) apud Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 84.

The naked-footed Acanthylis.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
b. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“ This singular species inhabits the northern region of Nepal,
whence it sometimes wanders into the mountains of the central,
avoiding, however, the open and level country. It climbs with
great power, aided equally by its talons and its tail.”-—(Hodgson,
Journ. A. 8. Beng. V. p. 780.)

Fam. III. CAPRIMULGIDA, Vigors.

Genus Barracnostomus,* Gould, [cones Arium (1838).

Bompyctstomus, Hay, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. (1841),
p. 574; (1842), p. 798.

* « The anatomy of the genus Batrachostomus differs remarkably from that of
Caprimulgus. The stomach is a highly muscular gizzard, like that of Nyctibius ;
and there is a large gall-bladder: sternum small, subquadrate, with but a slight
keel, and four deep emarginations behind ; the coracoids long and slender, and
furcula like that of Caprimulgus, but more slender. According to Mr. Gould,

112 CATALOGUE.

131. BATRACHOSTOMUS JAVENSIS, Horsf. Sp.

Podargus javensis, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 141; Zool. Res. Java, t. 6. Blyth, Cat. B.~
Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 81.

Batrachostomus javensis, Gould, Icon. Avium. G. R.
Gray, Gen. I. p. 45; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. i. p. 3.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 57.

Podargus cornutus, Temm., Pl. Col. 159.

Podargus stellatus, Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1837), p. 43.

Horsfield’s Goatsucker.

CHABA-wonno, Java, Horsf.

Burone Satane, Malaya, Eyton.

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

Dr. Horsfield states: “ The difficulty of observing this bird, from
its retired and nocturnal habits, has prevented me from acquiring
any information regarding its manners. It appears to conceal itself
in large forests, and, comparatively with the Goatsuckers, is ex-
tremely rare.” —(Zool. Res. in Java.) |

Genus Caprimutaus, Linn. S. N. (1756).
NycrticHE.ipon, Renn. Mont. Orn. Dict. (1831), p. 342.

132. CAPRIMULGUS MACROURUS, Horsf:

Caprimulgus macrourus, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 142. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 83.
Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn. No. 3. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 60.

Javan Goatsucker, Lath., Hist. VII. p. 336.

Cap. a moustache bicolores.
A. b. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
c. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
d.e. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.

the outer front claw of Podargus is capable of reversion ; but on macerating and
completely relaxing the foot of Pod. strigoides, we find that it can be only half.
reversed, as in Corythaix, Tamatia, and some other genera.”—(Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. S. Beng. Suppl. p. 9.)

CATALOGUE. 1138

133. CAPRIMULGUS INDICUS, Lath.

Caprimulgus indicus, Lath., Ind. Orn. II. p. 588. Jerd.,
Ill. Ind. Orn. t. 24. G.& H., Ill. Ind. Zool. I.
t. 34, fl. G.B. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 48;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. Il. p. 7. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p. 53. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 208.
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 82. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 60.

Caprimulgus cinerascens, Vieill., N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat.
X. p. 288.

Caprimulgus saturatior, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 82.

Caprimulgus innotatus, Hodgs. (juv.)

The Large Indian Goatsucker.

As Kappri Gapoo, Telinga, Jerd.
a.b.c. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
d. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.
e. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“ This fine Nightjar has been found dispersed, though sparingly,
over all India, and has even a still more geographical distribution. I
procured specimens from the Neilgherries and the Deccan, the West
Coast, and even the Carnatic; but it is by no means a common species.
It affects chiefly the more wooded portions of the country, being
usually found, and more common, in forests than in the open
country, and here frequenting only shady gardens and large groves.
On the Neilgherries, it remains during the day in the dense woods,
issuing from them about sunset, and then coming into the open
ground, and perching on stones and trees, and from thence pursuing
its prey. It is now and then flushed from the woods when beating
for woodcocks and other game, and more than one have fallen be-
neath the gun of the inexperienced sportsman, its extent of wing and
lazy flapping having caused it to be mistaken for the woodcock. Its
flight is at times very rapid and noiseless, performed with but few
vibrations of its wings. When roused in the daytime, it flies (like
others of the genus) but a short distance, and then suddenly alights,
and squats close to the ground, never that I know perching in the
daytime. When hunting, it often alights on a branch, usually sitting
in the direction of the branch, and not across it, its feet being not

adapted for grasping firmly. The note of this Nightjar, though

q

114 CATALOGUE.

somewhat like the sound of a stone scudding over the ice, has not
such a close resemblance to it as the common species (C. asiaticus) ;
it sounds something like Tew-yo-yo, frequently repeated. Its chief
food is moths and beetles.” —(Jerd., Ill. Orn.) :

1384. CAPRIMULGUS AFFINIS, Horsf.

Caprimulgus affinis, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 142. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 48.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 84. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 60.

Caprimulgus europeus, apud Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc.
XITI. p. 316.

Chuppa Goatsucker, Lath., Hist. VII. p. 389.

CuaBa, Java, Horsf.

Sane-Sacane, Sumatra, Raffles.

A. b. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

C. and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S.
Rafiles.

Sir Stamford Raffles remarks: “ These are very abundant in the
neighbourhood of Bencoolen, and are always seen flying about in the
evening. They make no nests, but lay their eggs on the bare
ground.’”’—(Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 316.)

1385. CAPRIMULGUS MAHRATTENSIS, Sykes.
Caprimulgus mahrattensis, Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1832),
p. 83; Journ. A. S. Beng. III. p. 422. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p.48. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 83. Gould, Birds of Asia, t. 18. -Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 60.

Caprimulgus atripennis, Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn.
The Mahratta Goatsucker.
A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
b.c.d. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

136. CAPRIMULGUS MONTICOLUS, Frankl.

Caprimulgus monticolus, Frankl., Proc. Zool. Soc. (1881),
p. 116; Journ. A. S. Beng. L. p. 263. Sykes, P. Z.
8. (1832), p. 83. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. XI.
p. 233; Ill. Ind. Orn. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p. 48 ; Oat. B. Brit. Mus. Il. p. 8. Blyth, Journ.

ae —*

CATALOGUE. 115

A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 208. Cat. B. Mus. A. S.
Beng. p. 84. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 60.
Caprimulgus gymnopus, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 82. .
The Great Bombay Goatsucker, Lath.
A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
B. var. ? Madras. From Wight’s Collection.
“ This species frequents chiefly rocky hills abounding with brush-
wood.”’—(Jerd., Ill. Orn.)
137. CAPRIMULGUS ASIATICUS, Lath.
Caprimulgus asiaticus, Lath., Ind. Orn. II. p.587. Sykes,
P. Z. 8. (1832), p. 88. G. & H.,, LU. Ind. Zool. I.
t. 34, fi 2. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 47;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. II. p. 8. Blyth, Journ. A. 8.
Beng. XIV. p. 207. Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 83.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 60.
The Bombay Goatsucker, Lath.
Bacca-MEENA, Cingh, Blyth.
A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
b. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.
c. Bengal. Presented by Dr. Falconer.
d. ?Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.
e. Drawing. Siam. From Finlayson’s Collection.

This is the most common of the Indian Nightjars. “ It is spread
over all the Peninsula, taking shelter under hedges, among bushes,
in gardens, and feeding close to houses, and even entering veran-
dahs.”—(Jerd., Ill. Orn.)

“ The note of this species resembles the sound of a stone scudding
over ice, or, as is well represented by Mr. Elliot, sounds like the
word tyook, tyook, tyook. He also found the eggs of this bird (two
in number) placed on the ground without any nest. They were
pink, spotted with brown.”’—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. XI. p. 295:)

138. CAPRIMULGUS 2
a. Bengal. Presented by Dr. Falconer.

139. CAPRIMULGUS 2
a. N. India. Presented by the Reverend F. W. Hope.

116 CATALOGUE.

Fam. IV. TODIDA, Vigors.

Genus Evryzaimus, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 170
(1820).
PLatyRuyNncHus, Vieill., Gal. des Ois. (1825).
SUBGENERA.
Corypon, Less., Man. d’ Orn. 1. p. 177 (1828).
SERILOPHUS, Swains., Class. B. II. p. 262 (1837).
Psarisomus, Swains., Class. B. Il. p. 261 (1887).
CrossopDERA, Gould, Icones Av. (1837).
Riya, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. (1839), p. 36.
Simus, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. (1841), p. 27.
Stuoryis, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 82.

a, KURYLAIMUS, p. s. d.

140. HORYLAIMUS JAVANICUS, Horsf.

Eurylaimus javanicus, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p-170; Zool. Res. Java, t.5. Lath., Hist. lV. p. 96.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p.65; Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. Il. ». 36. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. B. p. 195.
Bonap., C. G. Av.p. 168. Gould, Birds of Asia, t.

Eurylaimus Horsfieldu, Zemm., Pl. Col. 130, 181.
The Javan Tody, Lath.
Tametana Liiriy, Malay, Eyton.
A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
B. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.
c. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.
d. Malacca. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal. |
Dr. Horsfield remarks: “ I discovered this species in one of the
most distant and inaccessible parts of Java, covered with extensive
forests, and abounding with rivers and marshes.”’—(Zool. Res.)
141. HURYLAIMUS OCHROMALUS, Raffles.

Eurylaimus ochromalus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 297. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 65; Cat.

CATALOGUE. 117

B. Brit. Mus. U1. p. 36. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 195. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 168.

Eurylaimus cucullatus, Temm., Pl. Col. 261.
Eurylaimus Rafflesii, Less., Compl. Buff. VII. p. 463.
The Collared Tody.
Tampiana Qrurn, Malay, Blyth.
A. and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. 8.
Raffles.
C. Purchased.

“ Found at Singapore and in the interior of Sumatra. They are
seen in small flocks, and feed on insects.’’— (Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc.)

b. subgen. CORYDON, Less.

142 EURYLAIMUS (CORYDON) SUMATRANUS,
Raffles Sp.

Coracias sumatranus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 308.

Kurylaimus sumatranus, Vigors, Mem. Raff. App. p. 653.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds. I. p. 65; Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. Il. p. 87.

Corydon sumatranus, Strickl., Ann. N. H. VI. p. 418.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.195. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 168.

EKurylaimus corydon, Zemm., Pl. Col. 297.

Corydon Temminckii, Less., Man. d’ Orn. I. p. 177.
Eurylaimus ? Hay, Journ. A. 8. Beng. X. p. 575.
The Sumatran Tody, Lath., Hist. IV. p. 96.
Kune-quatr, Malay, Blyth.

A. Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. 8S. Rafiles.
B. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

e. subgen. PSARISOMUS, Swains.
143. HURYLAIMUS (PSARISOMUS)DALHOUSLZA,
Jameson.

Eurylaimus Dalhousie, Jameson,New Phil. Journ. XVIII.
p. 261. Royle’s Himal. Bot. I. p. 76; II. ¢. 7, f. 2.

118 CATALOGUE.

McClelland, P. Z. 8. (1839), p. 156. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 65; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. Il.
p. 37.

Psarisomus Dalhousiz, Swains., Class. B. 11. p. 261. —
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.195. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 169. Gould, Birds of Asia, t.

Crossodera Dalhousiz, Gould, Icones Avium, t.1.
Eurylaimus psittacinus, Mill., Temm. Pl. Col. 297.
Raya nipalensis, Hodgs.
Raya sericeogula, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8S. B. VIII. p. 36.
Lady Dalhousie’s Tody, Gray.
Frill-necked Eurylaimus, Gould.
Silken-throated Raya, Hodgson.
Rat, Nepal, Hodgs.

A. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

B. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-

land, Esq.
Dr. Royle procured specimens of this bird “ at Mussooree, at an
elevation of 6,500 feet.’”’—(Royle’s Himalaya, I. p. xxviii.)

d. subgen. SERILOPHUS, Swans.

144. HOURYLAIMUS (SERILOPHUS) LUNATUS,
Gould.

Eurylaimus lunatus, Gould, Trans. Zool. Soc. I. p. 176,
t. 25. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 68; Cat.
B. Brit. Mus. Il. p. 37.

Serilophus lunatus, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XV.p.311;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p.196. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 169.

Serilophus lunulatus, Swains., Class. B. II. p. 262.

The Frilled Tody.

a. Tenasserim. Presented by Dr. Helfer.
“ Several examples of this bird were shot in the neighbourhood of

Rangoon by Major Godfrey, who informs us ‘ that it inhabits the
thickest jungles, and its food was found, upon minute investigation,

CATALOGUE. 119

to consist entirely of berries and fruits.’”,—(Gould, Trans. Zool. Soe.

Dr. Helfer informs us, in his “ MS. Notes,” “ that he observed these
birds in societies of thirty to forty, upon the loftiest trees of the
forests in the Tenasserim provinces, and that they are so very fear-
less that the whole flock can be shot down one after the other.”
They are of rare occurrence, he having observed them only once.”

145. HURYLAIMUS (SERILOPHUS) RUBROPY-
GIUS, Hodgson Sp.

Raya rubropygia, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. VIII.
p. 36.

Eurylaimus rubropygius, G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 65, t. 23; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. II. p. 38.

Simornis rubropygia, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 82.

Serilophus rubropygia, Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 56; App.
p. 150. Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XV. p. 311;
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 196. Bonap., C..G.
Av. p. 169.

EKurylaimus lunatus, apud Horsf., McClell., Proc. Zool.
Soc. (1839), p. 156.

The Red-backed Tody.

The Red-rumped Raya, Hodgson.

Rat Stea, of the Nepalese, Hodgson.

A. B. C. d. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J.
McClelland, Esq. |

Genus Cympiruynouvus, Vigors, App. to Mem. of Sir T. 8.
Raffies, p. 654 (1831).

Erouua, Less. Tr. d’ Orn. (1881).
Topus, Gmel. Lath. et al.

CYMBIRHYNCHUS MA CRORHY NCHUS, Giel.

Todus macrorhynchus, Gmel., S. WV. LZ. I. p. 446.
Cymbyrhynchus macrorhynchus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of
- Burds, 1. p. 66; ‘Cat. B:. Brit. Mus. Il. p. 38.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 169. Gould, Birds of Asia, t.

120 CATALOGUE.

Todus nasutus, Lath., Ind. Orn. I. p. 268, Hist. IV.
p- 94, t. 45.

Eurylaimus nasutus, Zemm., Pl. Col. 154.

Cymbirhynchus nasutus, Vigors, App. Mem. Raffles,
p. 654. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XV. p. 311;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 195.

Eurylaimus lemniscatus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p- 296.

The Great-billed Tody, Lath.

Burone Patano or Tampatano, Sumatra, Raffles.

Usuv and Tapax Waoeay, Malay, Blyth.

Burone Usuv, Malay, Eyton.

A. B. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

C. D. Tenasserim. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal. |

e. Drawing. Sumatra. From Sir T. S. Raffles’s Col-
lection.

“ This species,” says Sir Stamford Raffles, “is found in the in-
terior of Sumatra, frequenting the banks of rivers and lakes, and
feeding on insects and worms. It builds its nest pendent from the
branch of a tree or bush which overhangs the water, and is said to
lay only two eggs.”’—(Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 297.)

Mr. Blyth also remarks: “ This bird is common in Tenasserim, in
watery situations, and suspends its nearly globular nest, which is con-
structed of small twigs, from the branches of trees growing directly
out of the water. The eggs are four in number, and pale spotless
blue. The beak and eyes are very beautiful blue, the former fading
within a day or two after death.”’—(Journ. A. 8. Beng. X. p. 924.)

Genus CaLyPToMENA, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 295
(1822).
Ruvricota, p. Temm.

147. CALYPTOMENA VIRIDIS, Rafiies.
Calyptomena viridis, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 295. Horsf., Zool. Res. im Java,t. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 275. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A.
S. Beng. p. 196. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 169.
Rupicola viridis, Zemm., Pl. Col. 216.

CATALOGUE. 121

Calyptomena Rafflesii et caudacuta, Swains., Lardner’s
Cycloped. Menagq. p. 296 (jun.).
Burone Tampo Prnane, Sumatra, Raffles.
Sizn6, Malay, Eyton.
A. B. and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T.S.
Raffles. )
C.D. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.

“ This bird is found in the retired parts of the forests of Singapore
and of the interior of Sumatra ; and being of the colour of the leaves,
and perching on the higher branches of the trees, it is not easily pro-
curable. The stomach of this bird contained nothing but vegetable
substances, chiefly wild grains.”—(Raflles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII,
p: 295.)

Genus Eurystomus, Vieill., Analyse, p. 37 (1816).
Coraris, Cuv. Reg. An. I. p. 401 (1817).
Coractas, Linn. Raffles.
148. HURYSTOMUS ORIENTALIS, Linn. Sp.

Coracias orientalis, Linn., S. N. I. p. 159. Raffles,
Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 302.

Eurystomus orientalis, Steph., Gen. Zool. XIII. p. 99.
G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I: p. 62; Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. Il. p. 81. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 55. Blyth,
Cat. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 51. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 168.

Colaris orientalis, Cuv., Reg. An. I. p. 401. Horsf,
Trans. Linn. Soe. XIII. p. 162.

Eurystomus cyanicollis et fuscicapillus, Vieill., N. Dict.
d’ Hist. Nat. XXIX. pp. 425-6,

Eurystomus calornyx, Hodgs.
The Oriental Roller.

Trona Baru, Sumatra, Raffles.
TrHone Lampay, Malay, Eyton.

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
B. c. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. 8. Raffles.

122 CATALOGUE.

Fam. V. HALCYONID, Vigors.

Genus Daceto, Leach, Zool. Mise. (1815).
Hatcron, Eyton et al.

149. DACELO PULCHELLA, Horsf.

Dacelo pulchella, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 175;
Zool. Res. in Java, t. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 46.

Halcyon pulchella, Eyton, P. Z. 8. (1839), p.101. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.79; Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. Ul. p. 52. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 154.
Dacelo buccoides, Temm., Pl. Col. 277 3, 5869.
TENGKE-WATU, Java, Horsf.
Katye Karne Kina, Malay, Eyton.
A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
B. C. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.
“This is an extremely rare and local bird,” says Dr. Horsfield,
“ and I found it once only, in a low range of hills, about twenty
miles south-east of Samarang, known in the central parts of the

island by the name of the hills of Prowoto. Here a single bird was
obtained in the forest.’’—(Zool. Res. in Java.)

Genus TanystpTERa, Vigors, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIV. p. 433
(1825).
Auceno, Linn. e al.
150. TANYSIPTERA DEA, Linn. Sp.

Alcedo dea, Tinn. 8. NW. I. p. 181. Gamel., 8S. N. L. I.
p. 458. Lath. Ind. Orn. I. p. 256; Hist. IV.
p- 47.

Tanysiptera dea, Vigors, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIV. p. 433.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 78; Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. Il. p. 58. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 157.

Ispida ternatana, Briss., Orn. IV. p. 525, t. 40, f. 2.

Pica ternatana, Klein., Av. p. 62.

Long-shafted Kingfisher, Shaw, Zool. VIII. p. 73.

Ternate Kingfisher, Lath.

a. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

CATALOGUE. 123

Genus Hatcyon, Swains., Zool. Illust. (1821).
Enromotunra, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 178
(1820).
Syma, Less., Zool. Voy. de la Cogu. (1828).

ToprramMpuus, Less., Mém. dela Soc. d’ Hist. Nat. III.
p. 420 (1828).

Entomornita, Leach, MS.
Atceno, Gmel., Lath., Horsf. et al.
151. HALCYON LEUCOCEPHALUS, Gmel. Sp.

Alcedo leucocephala, Gmel., S. NV. LZ. I. p. 456. Lath,
Hist. IV. p. 22. Horsf:, Trans. Iinn. Soc. XIII.
p. 174. Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 298.

Halcyon leucocephala, Steph:, Gen. Zool. XIII. p. 100.
McClelland, P. Z. 8. (1839), p. 156. G. R. Gray,
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. Il. p. 55. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. Beng. p. 46. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 154.
Halcyon javana, (Bodd) G.R. Gray, Gen.of Birds, I. p.79.
Alcedo javanica, Shaw, Gen. Zool. VIII. p. 67.

Halcyon gurial, Pearson, Journ. A. S. Beng. X. p. 633.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 47.

Alcedo gurial, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. I. p. 65
(1808).

Halcyon brunniceps, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. XIII.
p. 143.

Halcyon capensis, apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. XI.
p- 281.

The White-headed Kingfisher, Zath., Hist. IV. p. 22.
TENGKE-BUTO, Java, Horsf.

Bane-KaKo, Sumatra, Raffles.

Burone-Kaka, Malay, Lyton.

The Gurial Kingfisher, Lath., Hist. IV. p. 12.
GuRiaL, Beng., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton. Blyth.

Maran-Poyman (“Jungle Kingfisher’) Malabar,
Jerd.

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
b. Drawing. Sumatra. From Raffles’s Collection.

124 CATALOGUE.

c. Penang. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

d. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

e. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel- é
land, Esq.

Ff. Drawing. Bengal. From Dr, F. (B.) Hamilton’s
Collection.

g. Drawing. Siam. From Finlayson’s Collection.

“ The Gurial is not very common, but is more frequently met with
in Bengal than in any other province. It is a strong and powerful
bird; as an instance of which I once observed a contest between one
of them and a Hawk of considerable size, in which the Hawk was
worsted, and obliged to leave his hold from the effects of a severe
blow which the other administered to him on the breast. When
wounded, considerable caution is required in handling, for a single
blow would disable a person’s hand.’’—(C. W. Smith’s MS. Notes.)

“The Gurial Kingfisher has a laughing screaming note. Its
flight consists of short, quick jerks, very vigorous, and long con-
tinued. In fishing, it does not hover, but perches upon the high
bamboo-bush, or on a middle-sized tree over a pool, waiting for its
prey, where its blood-red bill shines brightly in the sun, and its
great size, and violent plunge into the water, gives one the idea of a
noble bird.’”’—(Pearson, Journ. A. 8. Beng. X. p. 633.)

“ This bird is found throughout the year in the neighbourhood of
Calcutta, and builds its nest in mud walls.”—(Dr. F. (B.) Hamil-
ton, MS. I. p. 65.)

152. HALCYON AMOUROPTERUS, Pearson.

Haleyon amouropterus, Pears., Journ. A. S. Beng. X.
p. 635. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 47.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 155.

The Brown-winged Kingfisher, Pearson.
A.B. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

Mr. Blyth says: “ This is a noisy species, and has a very harsh
and grating ery.””—(An. Nat. Hist. XII. p. 94.)

153. HALCYON ATRICAPILLUS, Gmel. Sp.
Alcedo atricapilla, Gmel., S. N. LZ. 1. p. 453. Lath,

CATALOGUE. 125

Hist. IV. p. 30. Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 293.

Halcyon atricapillus, Steph., Gen. Zool. XIII. p. 99.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 47. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 155.

Alcedo pileata, Bodd., Tabl. des Pl. Enl. d’ Aub. p. 41.

Halcyon pileata, apud G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p.79; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. Il. p. 54.

The Black-capped Kingfisher.

Burone Upane, Sumatra, Raffles.

A. B. and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S.
Rafiles.

C. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

154. HALCYON SMYRNENSIS, Linn. Sp.

Alcedo smyrnensis, Linn., S. N. I. p. 181. Albin, Av.
III. ¢. 27.

Haleyon smyrnensis, Steph., Gen. Zool. XIII. p. 99.
Strickl., An. Nat. Hist. (1842), p. 448. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 155.

Dacelo smyrnensis, Less., Tr. d’ Orn. p. 248.

The Smyrna Kingfisher, Lath.

a. b. Mesopotamia. Presented by Commander Jones.

155. HALCYON FUSCUS, Bodd. Sp.

Alcedo fusca, Bodd., Tabl. des Pl. Enl. d’ Aub. p. 54.
Albin, Av. III. ¢. 28. Pl. Enl. 849. Kittl., Kupf.
Voeg. t. 14, 2.

Halcyon fusca, G. &. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 79 ; Cat.
B. Brit. Mus. 11. p. 55. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 155.

Alcedo smyrnensis, var. y, Lath., Ind. Orn. I. p. 248.

Halcyon smyrnensis, apud Jerd. Madr. Journ. XI. p. 280.
Sykes, P. Z. S. (1882), p. 84; Journ. A. S. Beng.
Ill. p. 422. McClelland, P. Z. 8. (1839), p. 156.
Pearson, Journ. A. S. B. X. p. 688. Hodgs., Cat.
B. Nep. p.57. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p. 47. Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. II. p. 26.

The Indian Kingfisher.

126 CATALOGUE.

Kinxia, Hind., Jerd.
Sapa-BuK Marcu-ranea, Beng. Blyth. Dr. F. (B.)

Hamilton.
Matsya-ranGa, Sanscrit, Wilson.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

b. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

c. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

d. Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland,
Esq.

“This is the most common and generally spread of the Indian
Kinefishers, frequenting not only the banks of rivers and brooks,
tanks, wells, and wet paddy-fields, but also dry cultivated ground,
groves, old walls, and many other similar situations. It preys upon
small fish (which it pursues below the surface), frogs, tadpoles, and
various water-insects ; also on small lizards, grasshoppers, and various
other large insects. It has a very loud, harsh, rattling scream, gene-
rally uttered during flight. Is said to breed in holes on the banks
of rivers.”’—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. XI. p. 280.)

Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, in his MS., says “it builds its nest in trees.”

156. HALCYON COROMANDELIANUS, Scop. Sp.

Alcedo coromandeliana, Scop., Del. Flor. et Faun. Insub.
p. 90. Son. Voy. Ind. II. p. 212, ¢. 118.

Halcyon coromandeliana, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 79; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. II. p. 55.

Alcedo coromanda, Lath., Ind. Orn. I. p. 252. Horsf,
Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 174.

Haleyon coromandelicus, Vigors, Mem. of Raff. App.
p- 654.

Haleyon coromander, Hodys., Cat. B. Nep. p.56. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 47.

Haleyon coromanda major, Schleg., Faun. Jap. t. 39.
Halcyon Schlegeli, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 156.
The Coromandel Kingfisher, Lath.

TENGKE-SUMBO, Java, Horsf.

A. and Drawing. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

CATALOGUE. 127

157. HALCYON MELANOPTERUS, Horsf. Sp.
Alcedo melanoptera, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soe. XIII.
p-. 174. Steph., Gen. Zool. XIII. p. 100.

Halcyon melanopterus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 79; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. Il. p. 54.

Alcedo omnicolor, Reinw. Temm., Pl. Col. 135.
Halcyon omnicolor, apud Bonap., OC. G. Av. p. 155.

Halcyon smyrnensis var. albogularis, Blyth, Journ. A. 8.
Beng. XII. p. 998.

Halcyon gularis, Kuhl. apud Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 47.

Alcedo cyaniventris, Viecil.

The Black-winged Kingfisher.

TENGKE-URANG, Java, Horsf.

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

158. HALCYON COLLARIS, Scop. Sp.

Alcedo collaris, Scop., Del. Flor. et Fawn. Insub. p. 90.

Halcyon collaris, Swains., Zool. Ill. t.57. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p.79; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. II.
p. 56. ,

Todiramphus collaris, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 48.

Alcedo chlorocephala, Gmel., 8S. N. L. I. p.454. Horsf,
Trans. Iinn. Soc. XIII. p. 174. Pl. Enl. 783, f. 2.

Todiramphus chlorocephalus, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 156.

Alcedo sacra, Gmel. Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p- 174.

Todiramphus occipitalis, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XV.
p- 28, 51.

The White-collared Kingfisher.
TEengxKE and TENGKE-CHEGER, Java, Horsf.
Nac-Tua-cuép-rov, of the Siamese, Finlayson.

A. B. c. and Drawing. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

D. and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T.S. Raffles.
e. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.

128 CATALOGUE.’

“ Common on the banks of the Me-nam and its branches. The
feathers of this bird are in great request with the Chinese for making
ornaments. The skins are sold at the rate of 24 for a dollar.’— _

(Finlayson’s MS. Notes.)
159. HALCYON SEMICARULEUS, Forsk. Sp.

Alcedo semicerulea, Forsh.

Halcyon semicerulea, Ripp., Wirbelth. t. 24, f.1. G. R.
Gray, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. Il. p. 53. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 155. .

Alcedo erythrogaster, Temm.

Halcyon Swainsoni, Smith, S. Afr. Quartl. Journ. (1836),
p. 148.

Halcyon erythrorhynchus, Gould, P. Z. 8. (1837),
p. 22.

The Red-bellied Kingfisher.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

160. HALCYON CHELICUTTI, Stanley Sp.

Alcedo Chelicuti, Stant. Salt’s Trav. App. p. 56.

Halcyon Chelicuti, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 79;
Cat. B. Brit. Mus. JI. p. 54. Riipp., Zool. Atlas,
t. 28, 0.

Alcedo variegata, Vieill.

Dacelo pygmea, Cretschm. apud Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 154.

The Chelicuti Kingfisher.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Genus Atcepo, Linn. S. NV. (1756).
Isprpa, p. Linn., 8. NV. (1735).
CoryrHornis et Isprprina, Kaup, Verhandl. Darms.
(1848), p. 72.

161. ALCEDO EURYZONA, Temm.

Alcedo euryzona, Temm., Text de Pl. Col. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p.81; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. Il.

p. 63. Bonap., OC. G. Av. p. 159.

CATALOGUE. 129

Aleedo cyanocephala, (Shaw) apud ort Trans. Linn.
Soc. XIII. p. 293.

? Alcedo nigricans, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 1180.

Martin-pecheur large bande.*

The Broad-zoned Kingfisher, Gray.

Brytt, Sumatra, Raffles.

A. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S. Rafiles.
162. ALCEDO BENGALENSIS, Gimel.

Alcedo bengalensis, Gmeil., S. NV. L. I. p. 450. Sykes,
P. Z. S&S (1832), p. 84. McClelland, P. Z. 8S.
(1839), p. 156. Jerd., Madr. Journ. XI. p. 231.
Pearson, Journ. A. 8. B. X. p. 686. G. BR. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 81; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. II.
p. 68. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p.57. Blyth, Journ.
A. 8. Beng. XV. p.11; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p- 49. Schleg., Faun. Japon. t. 38.. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 158. Dr. F (B.) Hamilton, MS. I. p. 27.

Alcedo ispidioides, Less., Compl. Buff. IX. p. 345.

The Little Indian Kingfisher, Hdw., Birds, ¢. 11.

Cuora Kiixtua, Hind., Jerd.

Cuota Marcu-rana@a, of the Mussulmans, Dr. #. (B.)
Hamilton.

Matou-Ranea, Beng., Blyth. Hamilton.

Rasa Wuopayn, Malay, Blyth.

May Pini nvupva (pinchi or “small’’), Ceylon, Blyth.

A. B. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Hsq.

c. Drawing (with nest containing seven pinkish-white
eggs). Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

d. Drawing. From Heyne’s Collection.

“ This species, so nearly allied to the European one (A. ispida), is
common throughout the Peninsula, frequenting brooks and rivers
(Colonel Sykes says, ‘ never seen in gardens’), and feeds on small
fish and various aquatic insects.””—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. XI. p. 231.)

“Tt is frequently seen seated on a stick standing upright in a
paddy-field, watching for small fishes in the shallow water. C. W.

* Pl. Col. descriptio tantum. Alcedo cryzona? err. typ.
s

130 CATALOGUE.

Smith, in his ‘ Notes,’ says ‘ it much resembles the British species in
its motions, rapidity of flight, and note.’—(Pearson, J. A. S. B.
X. p. 636.)

“Tt builds its nest in holes which it excavates in abrupt banks
and mud walls.””—(Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. I. p. 27.)

163. ALCEDO MENINTING, Horsf.
Alcedo meninting, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p.172. TLemm., Pl. Col. 239, f.2. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, 1. p.81; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. II. p. 63.
Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XV. p.12; Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. Beng. p. 49. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 158.
Ceyx meninting, Cuv., Reg. An. (1829), p. 444.
Alcedo asiatica, Swains., Zool. Ill. n. s. t. 50.
The Meninting Kingfisher.
Menintine, Java, Horsf.
Bint1, Sumatra, Raffles.
A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
b. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

c. Drawing. Sumatra. From Sir T. S. Raffles’s Col-
lection.

164. ALCEDO BIRU, Horsf.

Alcedo biru, Horsf, Trans. Innn. Soe. XIII. p. 172;
Zool. Kes. in Java, t. Temm., Pl. Col. 239, f. 1.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 81; Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. Il. p. 63. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XV.
p.12; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.50. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 158.

The Biru Kingfisher.

MENINTING-waTU or BURUNG-BIRU, Java, Horsf.

A. B. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

“ This bird is by no means uncommon in Java. I observed it
chiefly in the interior, in low situations ; but it is also found in the
maritime districts. Its habits and manners are those of the Eu-
ropean Kingfisher. It darts in short rapid flights along the surface,
among rivulets and lakes, emitting as it moves shrill sounds in a high
key. These sounds are so strong and acute, that, when the bird is
near, they strike the ear in an unpleasant manner. It is not unfre-

CATALOGUE. 131

quently seen perched on trees on the banks of rivulets. Its food
consists of small fishes, and of aquatic insects.’’—(Horsf., Zool. Res.
in Java.) |

Genus CreryLz, Bote, Isis (1828), p. 316.

Isprpa, Swains., Class. of B. II. p. 386 (1837).

Atcreno, Linn. et al.

165. CERYLE RUDIS, Linn. Sp.

Alcedo rudis, Zinn., 8S. N. I. p. 181. Sykes, P. Z. S.
(1832), p. 84; Journ. A. S. IIL. p. 422. Pearson,
Journ. A. S. Beng. X. p. 635.

Ceryle rudis, Bote, Isis (1828), p.316. Blyth, An. Nat.
Hist. XII. p. 94. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 82; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. II. p. 60. Hodgs., Cat.
B. Nep. p. 57. Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XI.
p. 111; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Ben. p. 49. Bonap.,

| C. G. Av. p. 159. |

Ispida rudis, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. XI. p. 282.

Ispida bitorquata, Swains., Class. Birds, I. p. 336.

Ispida bicincta, Swains., B. of W. Afr. II. p. 95.

Ceryle varia, Strickl., An. Nat. Hist. V1. p. 418.

The Black and White Kingfisher, Lath.

Korgyata Kiixina, Hind., Jerd.

Puatxa Marcu-ranca, Beng., Blyth.

Kagixuta, Beng., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. I. p. 140.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

b. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

C. D. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by Dr. Horsfield.

e. f. Mesopotamia. Presented by Commander Jones.

g. Drawing. From Heyne’s Collection.

“ This species is very numerous throughout the continent, fre-
quenting brooks, rivers, pools, and tanks. Unlike the other King-
fishers (which watch for their prey from a fixed station, and then
dart down obliquely on it), it searches for its prey on the wing,
hovering over a piece of water, and then darting down perpendicu-
larly on it beneath the surface.”’—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. XI. p. 232.)

Dr. Pearson remarks, that, “ from a height of twenty to thirty

1382 CATALOGUE.

feet, it plunges down dead as a stone into the water, and remains
below it so long, that the ripple over the surface clears away some-
times before it comes up again.”’—(Journ. A. 8. Beng. X. p. 635.)

“ Tt is found in Bengal throughout the year, and builds its nest in
holes in steep banks.’”’—(Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. I. p. 140.)
166. CERYLE GUTTATA, Vigors Sp.

Alcedo guttata, Vigors, P. Z. 8. (1880), p. 22. Gould,
Cent. of Birds, t. 5.

Ceryle guttata, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 82; Cat.
B. Brit. Mus. Il. p.60. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p.57.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 48. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 159.

Alcedo lugubris, Temm., Pl. Col. 548.

Ceryle lugubris, Schleg., Faun. Jap. t. 38, f. B.

The Spotted Kingfisher.

Mucuer-baeu (“ Fish-tiger ’’), Doon, Hon. C. J. Shore.

A. B. Darjeeling. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

c. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

Mr. Shore informs us that “ it constructs its nest among large
stones, composed of mud lined with grasses, adhering to the sides of
a stone, similar to the nest of the swallow, and lays four eggs
coloured like itself.”’"—(Gould, Cent. of Birds.)

Genus Cryx, Lacep. Mém. de i’ Inst. (1801), p. 511.
ALcepo, Linn. et al.

167. CHYX RUFIDORSA, Strickland.

Ceyx rufidorsa, Strickl., P. Z. S. (1846), p. 99. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 50. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 158.

Alcedo tridactyla (ZLinn.), Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc.
XIII. p. 174. Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 393.

Ceyx tridactyla, Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. t. 55, f. 2.

Alcedo madagascariensis ? Lath.

Alcedo purpurea, var. Shaw.

The Tridactylous or Three-toed Kingfisher.

CHUCHACK-URANG, Java, Horsf.

CATALOGUE. 133
Bintrt Apanea, Sumatra, Raffles.

A. B. c. and Drawing. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collec-

tion.

d. Drawing. Sumatra. From Sir T. 8. Raffles’s Col-
lection.

Tribe II. DENTIROSTRES, Cuv.

Fam. I. MUSCICAPIDA, Vigors.
Genus ‘I'cuirrEA, Less., Tr. d’Orn. (1831), p. 386.
Muscrpeta, Cuv., Rég. Anim. (1817).
Muscicapa, Linn., Lath., Temm.
168. TCHITREA PARADIST, Linn. Sp.

Muscicapa paradisi, Linn., S. NV. I. p. 824. Lath., Ind.
Orn. II. p. 481.
Tchitrea paradisi, Less., Tr. d’Orn. (1831), p. 386. G.
_R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 259. Hodgs., Cat. B.
Nep. p. 93. - Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XV. p.291;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 2038.
Muscipeta paradisi, Cuv. Sykes, P. Z. 8S. (1832), p. 84;
Journ. A. 8. Beng. II. p. 422. Jerd., Madr. Journ.
LD. 8. XI. p. 18. JSerd., Lil. Ind. Orn. t.7. Gould,
Birds of Asia, t.53. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 325.
Muscicapa castanea, Temm.

Muscipeta indica, Steph., Gen. Zool. XIII. p.111. Sykes,

P. Z. 8. (1882), p. 84. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8.
XI. p. 14.

Muscicapa mutata of India, apud Lath.

Pied Bird of Paradise, Hdw., Birds, t. 113, 325.

Paradise Flycatcher, Lath.

Suan Buiput and Hasatnr Bursun, Hind. Dr. F.
(B.) Hamilton. Jerd. Blyth (the white bird).

Kapprnoora, Ceylon, Blyth (the white bird).

Suttana Bursun, Hind., Blyth (the chestnut bird).

134 CATALOGUE.

GrntHoora, Ceylon, E. de Jonville (the chestnut bird).

Tonxa PEEGEELEE-PITTA (“ Long-tailed Bulbul ’’), Te-
lugu, Jerd.

WALKONDALATEER, Tamul, Jerd.

In Malayalum, it is called by a name signifying the
“ King of Heaven,” Jerd.

A. B. C. d. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

e. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

fg. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
h. Himalaya. From Griffith’s Collection.

z. j. Drawings. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Col-
lection.

k. 1. Drawings. Ceylon. From E. de Jonville’s Col- —
lection.

“ This elegant Flycatcher is dispersed over the whole continent of
India, but is only at all common in the most woody portions of the
country, preferring dense bamboo jungle to gardens and groves of
trees, which it also occasionally visits. In its habits it is restless
and wandering, flitting continually from branch to branch, and often
wandering from tree to tree. It feeds on various insects, which it
captures in the air, or occasionally snaps off a branch.” Colonel
Sykes says “it feeds on the ground, and chiefly on very small
insects.” “ It is generally seen singly, occasionally in pairs. It
is said to breed in bamboos. It has a loud, harsh, grating ery of
alarm. When it seizes an insect, it makes a loud snap with its
mandibles.’’—(Jerd., Ill. Orn.)

169. TCHITREA AFFINIS, A. Hay.

Tchitrea affinis, Hay. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XV.
p. 292; XVII. p. 1179, eé Cat. B. Mus. A. SV.
Beng. p. 208. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, III.

App. p. 12.
Muscipeta affinis, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 325.
Malayan Paradise Flycatcher.
Autap and Mira Jasons, Malayan, Blyth.

CATALOGUE. 135

a. Tenasserim. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

6. Himalaya. From Griffith’s Collection.

c. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

170. TCHITREA MUTATA, Linn. Sp.

Muscicapa mutata, Linn. S. N. 1. p. 847. Lath., Ind.
Orn. II. p. 481.

Tchitrea mutata, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 259.
Muscipeta mutata, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 325.
Muscipeta bicolor, Swains.

Mutable Flycatcher, Lath.

A. B. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by Dr. Horsfield.

171. TCHITREA MELANOGASTER, Swains. Sp.
Muscipeta melanogaster, Swains., Birds of W. Afr. II.
p. 55. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 825.

Tchitrea melanogaster, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 260.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Genus Piatysteira, Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. (182).
Batts, Bote, Isis (1838).
Muscicapa, Gmel. Lath.

172. PLATYSTEIRA MELANOPTERA, Gwmel. Sp.

Muscicapa melanoptera, Gmel., S. NV. L. I. p. 939.

Platysteira melanoptera, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 256. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 822.

Muscicapa collaris, Lath., Ind. Orn. II. p. 471.

Platysteira collaris et Desmarestii, Jard. et Selby, Ill.
Ornit. 95 d50 2

Platysteira lobata, Swains., B. W. Afr. II. p.49; Nat.
Dib. X. Flye. t. 22.

The Collared Flycatcher, Lath.

a. 3, B. C. 9. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by
Dr. Horsfield.

136 CATALOGUE.

Genus Hemrpus, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 32.
Muscroapa, Sykes et al.

173. HEMIPUS PICATUS, Sykes Sp.

Muscicapa picata, Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1832), p. 85; Journ.
A. S. Beng. Ill. p. 423. G. R. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, I. p. 263. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. X1.
p. 458.

Hemipus picata, Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 93. Blyth,
Journ. A. 8. Beng. XV. p. 305; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 154. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 317.

Muscicapa tyrannides, Tickell, Journ. A. S. Beng. II.
p- 5T4.

Muscicapa capitalis, McClelland, P. Z. 8. (1839), p. 157.

Hemipus picecolor, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 33.

Muscicapa hirundinacea, apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8.
ALS gf i 4-

The Black and White Flycatcher.

Shrike-like Flycatcher, Tickell.

A. b. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
C. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.

d. and Drawing (M. capitalis, McClell.) Assam. Pre-
sented by J. McClelland, Esq.

e. Nepal (7. picecolor, Hodgs.) Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq.

Mr, Jerdon “ procured this bird on the Neilgherries, where it is
not very uncommon in the woods, darting upon insects in the air
from a branch; and though, perhaps, it wanders about more than
many of the Flycatchers, is yet not nearly so restless as the Fan-
tails ’ (Rhipidura).— (Madr. Journ. L. 8. XI. p. 17.)

Lieutenant Tickell procured specimens “ at Sisdah in Borabhum ;
but it was very rare, frequenting high trees. It has a slight song.”
—(Journ. A. S. Beng. II. p. 574.)

174. HEMIPUS OBSCURUS, Horsf. Sp.

Muscicapa obscura, Horsf, Linn. Trans. XIII. p. 146;
Zool. Res. in Java, t. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p. 268.

CATALOGUE. 187

Hemipus obscurus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XV.
p. 305; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 154.
Muscicapa hirundinacea, Remw. Temm., Pl. Col. 119.
Tephrodornis hirundinacea, Swains. apud Bonap., C. G.
Ay. p. 357.
Lanius No. 12, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 308.
Obscure Flycatcher, Lath. Hist. VI. p. 205.
A. B. c. d. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
e. India. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

Ff. Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S.
Rafiles.

Genus Hemicuetipon, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 32; Ann.
Nat. Hist. (1845), p. 203. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng.
XVI. p. 119.

Mosctcapa, Raffles, Sykes.

175. HEMICHELIDON FERRUGINEA, Hodgson.
Hemichelidon ferruginea, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p.82 ;
Am. Nat. Hist. (1845), p. 203; Cat. B. Nep. p. 91.
G. RB. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 262. Blyth, Cat.
B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 175. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 321.

a. b. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“ Found only in the hills, and chiefly the central region of Nepal,
dwells in woods, and has the general manners of the Flycatchers,
but with a bolder and more continuous flight.’’—(Hodgs., P. Z. S.
(1845), p. 32.)

176. HEMICHELIDON FULIGINOSA, Hodgson.

Hemichelidon fuliginosa, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 32 ;
An. Nat. Hist. (1845), p. 203; Cat. B. Nep. p. 91.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 262. Blyth, Journ.
A. S. Beng. XVI. p.119; Oat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 175. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 321.

a. b. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

177. HEMICHELIDON LATIROSTRIS, Raffles Sp.

Muscicapa latirostris, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soe. XIII.
p. 312.
t

138 CATALOGUE.

Hemichelidon latirostris, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 262. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 175.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 321.

Butalis latirostris, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 121.

Muscicapa poonensis, Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1832), p. 85;
Journ. A. S. Beng. III. p. 422. G. R. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, 1. p. 263. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. XI.
p.16. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 190.

ZuKKEE, Hind., Jerd.
A. b. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

This bird is tolerably common, being found, says Mr. Jerdon, “ in
the hot Carnatic, near Trichinopoly, the Neilgherries, and the Mala-
bar Coast. It feeds on insects, which it captures on the wing, from
a fixed perch.””—(Madr. Journ. L. 8S. XI. p. 17.) :

Colonel Sykes mentions: “ These birds sit on the extreme twigs
of trees, and dart on passing insects in the manner of the Merops
viridis.”’—(P. Z. 8. (1832), p. 85.)

Genus Myraera, Vigors et Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XV.
p. 250.
Muscicapa, Bodd. Gel. et al.

178. MYIAGRA AZUREA, Bodd. Sp.

Muscicapa azurea, Bodd. Kittl., Kupf. Vag. t. 9, f. 1.
Myiagra azurea, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 261.

Muscicapa cerulea, Gmel., S. N. L. I. p. 943. Raffles,
Trans. Iinn. Soc. XIII. p. 312. Le Vaill., Ois.
@d Afr. t.153. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. XI. p. 14,
Pearson, Journ. A. S. Beng. X. p. 687.

Myiagra cerulea, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 204.
Hodgqs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 98.

Muscicapa occipitalis, Vigors, P. Z. 8. (1831), p. 97.

Muscicapa cruleocephala, Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1832), p. 85;
Journ. A. S. Beng. Il. p. 423 (the female).

Azure-headed Flycatcher, Lath. Hist. VI. p. 181.
Kara-mMata Korxotta, Beng., Blyth.

CATALOGUE. 139

A. and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. 8.
Rafiles.

B. C. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

D. Calcutta. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.

“This bird is found in dense jungle, where it is observed flying
from tree to tree, remaining on each a short time, and capturing an
insect or two, and then resuming its flight.”—(Jerd. Madr. Journ.
XJ. p. 14.)

Helfer remarks: “The habit of this bird is solitary, noisy, found
chiefly in bamboo forests in the interior of Tenasserim.”’—(Helfer’s
MS. notes.)

179. MYIAGRA LATIROSTRIS, Gould.

Myiagra latirostris, Gould, P. Z. S. (1840), p. 172; B.
Austr. II. ¢.92. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 261. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 321.

The Broad-billed Flycatcher, Gould.
a. Australia From Mr. George Fradgley.

180. MYIAGRA PLUMBEA, Vigors e Horsfield.

Myiagra plumbea, Vig. et Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XV.
p. 254. Gould, B. Austr. Il. ¢.89. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, 1. p.261. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 204. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 204.

Muscicapa leucogastra, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIII.
p- 886 (the male).

Myiagra rubeculoides, Vig. et Horsf. (the female),

Muscicapa rubecula, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XIII.
p- 886 (ditto).

The Plumbeus Flycatcher, Gould.

a. Drawing. From Edward Blyth, Esq.

Genus Pericrocotus, Bote, Isis (1826), p. 972.
Pua@yicognis, Bote, Isis (1827).
Acts, Less. Tr. d’ Orn. (1881).
Parus, p. Linn. Gmel.
Mosocicapa, Forster et al.
Moscrrera, Vigors, Sykes.

140 CATALOGUE.

181. PERICROCOTUS PEREGRINUS, Linn. Sp.
Parus peregrinus, Linn., S. NV. I. p. 342.
Pericrocotus peregrinus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 282. Blyth, Jowrn. A. 8. Beng. XV. p. 310;
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.193. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 356.
Pheenicornis peregrina, Gould, Cent. t.9. Jerd., Madr.
Journ. L. 8. X. p. 244.
Muscipeta peregrina, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 85.
Muscicapa peregrinus, Tickell, Journ. A. S. Beng. IU.
p. 574.
Motacilla cmnamonea, Linn. 8. N. I. p. 335.
Parus coccineus et Muscicapa malabarica, Gimel.
Parus indicus, Sparm., Mus. Carls. t. 50.
Crimson-rumped Flycatcher, Lath., Hist. VI. p. 174.
Butat CuusmM, Hind., Jerd.
SAHELEE, Himalayas, Royle. Hind., Jerd.
Little Saan Soxrt Kaprr, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS.
It. p. 73.
A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
B. C. N. India. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.
d. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.
e.f. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., July, 1853.

“ This pretty and lively bird is more numerously and extensively
spread than any of its congeners, and is to be found in most woody ©
situations, even in the dry Carnatic, in jungle, and in thick hedges
and avenues occasionally, and in some of the larger topes in the
Deccan. It is, however, most abundant on the West Coast. It is
a restless and active little creature, ever engaged in diligently ex-
amining the extreme branches of trees, gleaning among the foliage,
and hanging from the slender twigs like a titmouse. It feeds upon
various larve (which are its favourite food) and small insects.’””—
(Jerd., Madr, Journ. L. 8. X. p. 244.) .

Lieutenant Tickell remarks: “ The males unite in flocks apart
from the females at the close of the cold season.’’—(Journ. A. 8S.
Beng. II. p. 574.)

CATALOGUE. 141

182. PERICROCOTUS ROSEUS, Vieill. Sp.
Muscicapa rosea, Vieill., N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. XXI.
p. 486.

Pericrocotus roseus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 282.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 193. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 356.

Pheenicornis roseus, Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn. p.

Pheenicornis affinis (the 2 only), Horsf. McClell., P. Z.
S. (1839), p. 157. (the female.)

Rose-coloured Flycatcher.
N GET-MENG-THA-MEE (“ Princess-bird”’), Arracan, Blyth.
A. B.c. @ 9. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic So-
ciety of Bengal.

d. Drawing 9 (P. affinis, Horsf.). Assam. Presented
by J. McClelland, Esq.

Mr. Blyth says this bird is “ tolerably common about Calcutta
in the cold season.”’—(Ann. N. H. XII. p. 100.)

1838. PERICROCOTUS BREVIROSTRIS, Vigors Sp.

Muscipeta brevirostis, Vigors, P. Z. 8. (1881), p. 438.

Pericrocotus brevirostris, G. RB. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 282. Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XI. p. 192;
XV. p. 809; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 193.
Bonap., OC. G. Av. p. 357.

Pheenicornis brevirostris, Gould, Cent. t.8. Jerd., Madr.
Journ. L. 8. X. p. 243.

Pheenicornis affinis (the ¢ only), Horsf. McClell., P. Z.
S. (1889), p. 156. (the female.)

Pheenicornis miniatus, apud Swains., Class. Birds.

Short-billed Flycatcher.
a. b. and Drawing g. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq.

c. 9. Locality uncertain.

d.e 3 f. & Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson,
Esq.

142 CATALOGUE.

“ This species is found in dense jungle, frequenting the tops of
high trees; and on one occasion, however,” Mr. Jerdon remarks, “ I
observed a flock of the females hunting together over a thick hedge.
In the stomach of those I killed, fragments of coleopterous insects
only were found.’”’—(Madr. Journ, L. 8. X. p. 243.)

184. PERICROCOTUS XANTHOGASTER, Raffles Sp.

Lanius xanthogaster, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 309 9.
Pericrocotus igneus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XV.
p. 809 g ; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 193. Bo-
nap., C. G. Av. p. 356.
Muscicapa flammea, apud Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soe.
XIII. p. 146. Raffles, id. p. 310 @.
Uwis seu Semutran, Java, Horsf.
A. B. g 9. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
c. 9 (L. wxanthogaster, Raffles), d. go. (M. flammea,
apud Raffles). Drawings. From Sir T. 8S. Rafiles’s
Collection.

185. PERICROCOTUS FLAMMEUS, Forster Sp.

Muscicapa flammea, (Forster), Penn. Zool. Ind. p. 25,
t.15. Gmel., 8. N. L. 1. p. 942. Lath., Hist. V1.
p.173. Temm., Pl. Col. 263.

Pericrocotus flammeus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p- 282. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XV. p. 309;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 192. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 357.

Muscipeta flammea, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 85.

Pheenicornis flammeus, Swains., Zool. Ili. n. s. t. 52.
Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn. t.11; Madr. Journ. L. S. X.
p. 244.

Pheenicornis elegans, MWcClelland, P. Z. S. (1889),
p. 156 ¢.

Flammeus Flycatcher, Lath. Hist. V1. p. 173.

Puarit Burat Cuusm, Hind., Jerd.

A.B. @ 2. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
c. Locality uncertain.

CATALOGUE. | 148

d. Drawing ¢ (P. elegans, McClell.) Assam. Pre-
sented by J. McClelland, Esq.

J; Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

“This species is tolerably abundant in most of the lofty jungles
of Southern India. I have also seen it in Travancore, Malabar, the
Whynaad, and the forest skirting the base of the Neilgherries, and
even as high as five thousand feet on the Coonoor pass. It ascends
the sides of mountain ranges, and I fancied was more numerous in the
elevated region of Wynaad than in most other localities. It is a
tolerably common and abundant species in its appropriate haunts,
and from its bright and showy colours attracts the notice of most
travellers through the lofty forests of Western India. It keeps
chiefly to the tops of high trees, where it may be seen, singly or in
flocks of three or four, and the sexes are generally seen apart from
each other, all frisking about, picking an insect or larva off a branch.
or leaf, or occasionally catching one in the air; the males keep up a
continual whistling call.”—(Jerd. Madr. Journ. L. S. X. p. 244, et
Tl. Ind. Orn.)

Colonel Sykes informs us “the cry of this bird is wheet, wheet,
wheet.”’— (P. Z. 8. 1832, p. 85.)

186. PERICROCOTUS SPECIOSUS, Lath. Sp.

Turdus speciosus, Lath., Ind. Orn. I. p. 363; Hist. V.
p. 96. Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. II. p. 91.
Pericrocotus speciosus, Strickl. G. R. Gray, Gen. of

_ Bards, I. p. 282. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XV.
p. 309; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 192. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 357.
Muscipeta princeps, Vigors, P. Z. 8. (1830), p. 22.
Pheenicornis princeps, Gould, Cent. t.7. McClell., P. Z.
S. (1839), p. 156. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X.
p. 243.
Black and Scarlet Thrush, Lath.
SHaw Soxr-Kapir, Hind. Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton.
Neert-mMEene-THa (“ Prince-bird’’), Arracan, Blyth.
SAHELEE, Himalayas, Royle.

A. and Drawing g. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq. |

144 CATALOGUE. _

B. C. g. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

d. 9. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

e. 2.-Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collec-
tion.

“This splendid bird inhabits dense and lofty jungle, where it may
be observed hopping about the upper branches of high trees,
searching for various insects.”—(Jerd. Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 243.)

Lieutenant Tickell also remarks: “Sometimes found solitary, at
others flying in small parties.”—(Journ. A. S. Beng. II. p. 574.)

Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton says “that this bird cannot be tamed, and
when taken, always languishes and dies.’””—(MS. II. p. 91.)

Genus Rurprpura, Vigors et Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 246 (1825).
Muscruva, Less. Tr. d’ Orn. (1881).
Lzvcocerca, Swains. Nat. Inb. (1838).
Muscicapa, Sparrm. Horsf. Raffles.
PLATYRHYNCHUS, p. Vierll.

187. RHIPIDURA JAVANICA, Sparrman. Sp.

Muscicapa javanica, Sparm., Mus. Carls. III. ¢. 75.
Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 146. Raffles,
Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 312.

Rhipidura javanica, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 936. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 259.

Leucocerca javanica, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p. 206. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 324.

Platyrhynchus perspicillatus, Viedd/.
The Javan Flycatcher. Lath. Hist. VI. p. 177.
SrKaTTan, Java, Horsfield.
Moorai-Kanpane, Sumatra, Raffles.
A. and Nest. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
B. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S. Raffles.

188. RHIPIDURA FUSCOVENTRIS, Frankl.

Rhipidura fuscoventris, Hrankl., P. Z. S. (1831), p. 117;
Journ. A. 8S. Beng. I. p. 264. Sykes, P. Z. 8.

CATALOGUE. 145

(1832), p. 85. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 985. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 259.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 98.

Leucocerea fuscoventris, Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn. p.
Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XV. p. 290; Cat. B.
Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 206. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. d24.

Muscicapa sannio, Sundev.

Muscylva albogularis ? Less., Zool. du Voy. de Belang.
p. 264.

Rhipidura albigula, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 84.

Muscicapa laticauda, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. I. p. 85.

Broad-tailed Flycatcher, Lath. Hist. V. p. 178.

Cuox Doyat, Beng., Blyth.

CHUKDEEL, Hoyle.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
b. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

c. d. e.and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq.

_f Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
g. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

Colonel Sykes remarks, “The male of this bird has a very sweet
note. He spreads and raises his tail over his head in hopping from
bough to bough.” —(P. Z. 8S. 1832, p. 85.)

Mr. Blyth says, “ This is common at all seasons; and the male has
a short, but musical, tinkling song.”’—(Journ. A. 8. Beng. XII.
p- 935.)

Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton observes, “This is called the Chak or Wheel
Dyal, from its turning frequently round. It is found in the gardens
near Calcutta, but it is not very common. It is always found in
pairs, and feeds upon insects.”—(MS. I. p. 85.)

189. RHIPIDURA ALBOFRONTATA, Frankl.

Rhipidura albofrontata, Frankl., P..Z. S. (1831), p. 116;
Journ. A. 8. Beng. 1. p. 264. Sykes, P. Z. SW.
(1832), p. 85. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XII. p.
935. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 258.

u

146 CATALOGUE.

; Leucocerca albofrontata, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8S. XI.
p.12; Til. Ind. Orn. t.2. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A.
S. Beng. p. 206. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 324.

Muscicapa, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. 11. p. 67.
White-browed Flycatcher, Lath. Hist. V. p. 177.
Démcuirri (‘ Spread-tail’), Beng., Hamilton.
Mvcuvurnarea (‘ Musquito-catcher’), Hind., Jerd.
CuUKDEEL, Saharunpore, Foyle.
Manatee (‘ Washerman’), Malayalam, Jerd.
DasHareE Prrva, Telugu, Jerd.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

b. Bengal. Presented by Dr. Falconer.

“ This pretty and lively fly-catcher is to be met with in well-wooded
districts, as open forest jungle, gardens, and ayenues of large trees.
In the bare Carnatic it is only met with now and then in large topes
or groves of trees and extensive gardens, and still more sparingly in
some of the patches of low jungle found in the more hilly portions of
the south of the Peninsula. Towards the more northern parts,
however, it is much more common and diffused, and may be seen in
every clump of trees or garden. In its habits it appears to be the
most active and restless of the whole family, continually flitting
about from branch to branch, snapping up an insect on the wing every
now and then, and raising its outspread tail and lowering its wings,
whenever it reseats itself on atwig. It hardly ever flies beyond a
few feet after an insect, and seldom returns to the same perch,
traversing in succession most of the branches of the tree, and not
resting during even the heat of the day. I have usually seen it
solitary, occasionally two or three in company. I have several
times seen it alight on the ground, and on one or two occasions

observed it seated on the back of a cow, and pursuing insects from —

this unusual perch. Its chief food consists of mosquitoes and other
small dipterous insects; whence its Hindustani name.”

“Tt has a pleasing little song, which it warbles forth every now
and then, consisting of several notes following each other in a
regularly descending scale.”—(Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn.)

190. RHIPIDURA MOTACILLOIDES, Vigors et Horsf.

Rhipidura motacilloides, Vigors et Horsf., Trans. Linn.
Soc. XV. p. 248. Gould, B. Aust. II. ¢. 86. G.

CATALOGUE. 147

R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 259. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 323.
Black Fan-tailed Flycatcher, Gould.
Wagtail Flycatcher, Colonists of Swan River, Jd.
Wit-ta-rina, Aborigines of the Lowland, Jd.
JiT-TE-J1T-TE, Aborigines, W. Australia, Jd.

a. Australia. From Mr. George Fradgley.
Genus CueLiporynx, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 32.

191. CHELIDORYNX HYPOXANTHA, Blyth Sp.

Rhipidura hypoxantha, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 935; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 205. G. RB.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 259.

Chelidorynx hypoxantha, Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 93.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 822.

Leucocerca hypoxantha, Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn. p.

Chelidorynx chrysochistos, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845),
p. 32.

The Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.

A. 6. c. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“Tnhabits the central hilly region and great valley of Nepal, on
the skirts of woods, among shrubs and low trees, very lively and
shows itself much: found solitary or in pairs; feeds upon small
insects; weight 3 oz.; stomach distinctly muscular.” —(Hodgs.
P. Z. 8. 1845, p. 32.)

Genus CryproLopHa, Swains., Nat. Lib. X. Zool. Ill. 1837.

192. CRYPTOLOPHA CINEREOCAPILLA, Vieill. Sp.

Muscicapa cinereocapilla, Vieddl.

Cryptolopha cinereocapilla, Hutton, Journ. A. S. Beng.
XVII. pt. Il. p. 689. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 205. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 327.

Platyrhynchus ceylonensis, Swains., Zool. Lil. n. s. t. 18.

148 CATALOGUE.

Rhipidura ceylonensis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 259.

Cryptolopha poiocephala, Swains., Nat. lib. X. p. 200,
t. 23. McClelland, P. Z. 8. (1839), p. 157. Jerd.,
Madr. Journ. L. S. XI. p. 18.

Muscicapa nitida, var. A. Lath. Hist. VI. p. 188.
Grey-headed Flycatcher.
ZERD Furxi, Beng. Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton.

A. B. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

C. d. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

ef Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
g. Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.
h. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“The only locality in the more southern part of India, where I
have met’ this curious little bird, is the summit of the Neilgherries,
in the dense woods of which it is not very uncommon. In the
northern part of the Deccan, however, it is occasionally to be met
with, only in the cold season however, in large topes of trees; and it
increases in number towards the north, and in the jungly valleys and
nullahs of the northern ghauts, it is by no means rare, always
frequenting by preference the deepest thickets. Though not so
lively as some fly-catchers, it is yet more so than many others. It
frequently sallies forth from its perch on a twig after passing
insects, and does not always return to the same branch, and often
changes its perch, though it remains for some time in the same
locality. It has a pleasant but feeble chirping note.”—(Jerd., Madr.
Journ. L. 8. XI. p. 13.)

Captain Hutton remarks, “I took a nest of this species on
18th April, 1848, in a deep and thickly-wooded glen, at an elevation
of 4,500 feet. It was placed against the moss-covered trunk of a large
tree, growing by the side of a mountain stream, and was neatly and
beautifully constructed of green moss, fixed in the shape of a watch-
pocket at the head of a bed, to the mosses of the tree (with which it
was completely blended), by numerous threads of spiders’ webs. The
lining was of the finest grass stalks, no thicker than horse-hair, and

CATALOGUE. 149

beneath the body of the nest depended a long bunch of mosses,
fastened to the tree with spiders’ webs, and serving as a support or
cushion, on which the nest rested securely. Within this beautifully
constructed fabric were four small eggs of a dull white colour, with
a faint olive tinge, and minutely spotted with pale greenish brown,
and having a broad and well-defined ring of the same, near the
larger end. The eggs were set hard. Diameter ,% x 38 ins. Shape,
bluntly ovate.”’—(Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVII. pt. IT. p. 689.)

Fam. II. LANIADA, Vigors.
Subfam. II. DICRURINA, Swains.

Genus Dicrurus, Vieill., Analyse, p. 41 (1816).

Buucuanea, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 826 (1837).
Corvus, p. Linn.

Subgen. Epoxius, Cuv., Reg. Anim. I. p. (1817).

Cuipia, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 324 (1837).
Cometes, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. X. p. 29
(1841).
Burinea, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 325 (1837).
Metisseus, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8S. Beng. X. p. 29
(1841).
Cuaptia, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 326 (1837).
Preporrervs, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844).
a. DIcRURUS, p.s. d.
193. DICRURUS MACROCERCOUS, Viceill.

Dicrurus macrocercus, Vieill., N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. IX.
p. 588. Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XV. p. 298;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 202. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 286. Hodgs. Cat. B. Nep.
p. 98. Tickell, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVII. p. 304,
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 351.

Muscicapa biloba, Lichtenstein.

150 CATALOGUE.

Dicrurus indicus, Steph. Hodgs., As. Res. XVIII. p. 21,
t. Pearson, Journ. A. S. Beng. X. p. 638.

Bhuchanga albirictus, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 326.

Corvus balicassius, apud Lath., Hist. I. p. 61. Dr. Fo
(B.) Hamilton, MS. I. p. 58. |

Dicrurus balicassius, apud Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 86.
Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 238. McClell., P.
Z. S. (1839), p. 158.

The Common King Crow of India.

Kosa or Bosunea, Hind., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton. Jerd.
Sometimes, also, Korwat, Jerd.

Finea, Beng., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton. Blyth. Tickell.
QWYAI-MYEE-TsHWwal, Arracan, Blyth.
Juamp, Himalayas, Royle.

A. B. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

C. d. e. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

ft. g. Donors unknown.
h. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

i. 9. k. Nepal (Bh. albirictus, Hodgs.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., July, 1853.

“This is the most common and abundant species of Dicrurus, and
is to be met with in every part of the country, and inhabits alike the
open country and wooded districts, but is never found in dense
jungle. It may be seen perched ona tree or hedge, the top of a low
bush on the plain, or a stack of grain,—frequently also on the top of
a wall or old building, the bank of a paddy-field, or even a clod of
earth or ant-hill, and it is by no means uncommon to see one on the
back of cattle, sheep, or goats, while grazing. From this perch it
watches eagerly for the stirring of an insect below ; on observing one,
it flies rapidly to the spot, and generally alighting for an instant on
the ground, seizes its prey ; frequently, however, the devoted grass-
hopper, or other insect, being also on the look-out, makes an attempt
to escape, but is closely pursued by the king-crow, who either snaps
it up on the wing or just as it has alighted. Having secured it, the
Kolsa flies off generally, but not always to its former perch, devours
it at leisure, and then uttering its usual cry, is again ready for

CATALOGUE. 151

another capture. Such is the usual mode of feeding of this bird.
It very frequently, however, captures various small insects on the
wing, from the top of a tree or some lofty branch, sometimes ascend-
ing almost perpendicularly for several feet, occasionally whips one
off a blade of grain, or from the surface of a pool of water. On the
issuing of the winged termites from a nest in a hedge-row, or near
the bottom of a tree, there are generally several assembled to
partake of the feast, together with the crows and minas. This bird
gets its popular name of king-crow, from its general habit of follow-
ing crows most clamorously and perseveringly, every now and then
pouncing down on them, though it seldom strikes. It pursues kites
and various other birds also; whence one of its common Hindustani
names (Kotwal). In the bare Deccan I have often seen one or two
king-crows high in the air, traversing the country, but apparently
not hunting.”

“The usual cry of this shrike, is a sort of crow or chuckle,
succeeded by two or three sweeter notes; but it has several other
cries. It is the first bird whose song is heard in the morning, often
long before sunrise, and sometimes on moonlight nights throughout
the whole night. Its flight is in general undulating, not very rapid,
performed with few flappings; but when it exerts itself after a crow
or other bird, it is capable of great speed, and always overtakes its
enemy with ease. It occurs singly or in small families. I once
found its nest, in the month of August, in the Carnatic, situated in
the fork of a banian tree, at a moderate elevation: it was composed
of twigs and roots, carelessly put together, and without any lining,
and contained three eggs, white, sparingly spotted with purplish
red. Its chief food is grasshoppers of various kinds, also bees,
moths, and other insects, chiefly coleopterous. Mr. Elliott in his
‘Notes’ says, ‘it migrates from the Southern Mahratta Country
during the monsoon.’ In the Carnatic I never observed any
diminution in its numbers at any season, but in the northern part
of the Deccan (at Jaulnah), it certainly becomes much more rare at
that time, and indeed is hardly met with. The Kolsa is occasionally
tamed, and will perch on the head or hand of its master, and fly
down after a grasshopper or other insect.”—(Jerd., Madr. Journ.
L. 8. X. p. 288.)

Captain Tickell states, “The nest is made on summits of thick
bushes, or midway up medium-sized trees ; concealed in the trunk;
hemispherical, 6 to 8 inches in diameter, of coarse grasses, fibrous
roots lined with finer grass and wool. Eggs 3 to 5, ordinary

~

152 CATALOGUE.

45 x 11, dullish white, with scattered blots and spots of pale brown,

especially at the blunt end. June.’”—(Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVII.
p- 804.)

194. DICRURUS LONGUS, Temm. Sp.

Edolius longus, Zemm. Le Vaili., Ois. d’ Afr. t. 174.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 352.

Edolius forficatus, apud Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soe. XIII.
p. 144. Lath., Hist. Il. p. 60.

Edolius macrocercus, apud Strickl. in epistolé. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 202.

Sri-Guntine, Java, Horsf.

A. B. C. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

195. DICRURUS BALICASSIUS, Linn. Sp.

Corvus balicassius, Zinn., S. NV. I. p. 155.

Dicrurus balicassius, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI.
p. 800; XV. p. 298; Cat: B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 202. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 286.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 98. Bonap., C. G. Av.

P=. BDL.

Oriolus furcatus, Gmel.

Bhuchanga annectans, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 326.

Dicrurus affinis, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XI. p. 174.

Corvus afer, Lichst., and

Corvus assimilis, Bechstein, apud G. R. Gray.

a. Nepal (Bh. annectans, Hodgs.). Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq.

196. DICRURUS LONGICAUDATUS, A. Hay.

Dicrurus longicaudatus, Hay, Ann. Mag. N. H. (1844),
p. 46. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. XIII. p. 121.
Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XV. p. 298; Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 202. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, 1. p. 286. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 351.

Dicrurus macrocercus, apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. SB.
X. p. 246.

Dicrurus pyrrhops, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 84.

CATALOGUE. 153

Dicrurus cineraceus, apud G. R. Gray. Hodgs., Cat. B.
Nep. p. 98.

The Long-tailed Shrike.

Nit Purtnea and Dunovn, Beng., Blyth.

A. 6. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

c.d.e. f. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
July, 1853.

g. Bengal. From Bax’s Collection.
h. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

“This is the rarest of all the Indian Dicruri,’’ observes Mr.
Jerdon. “Ihave hitherto only seen it in the Segour pass, and on
the summit of the Neilgherries, in both places on lofty and tolerably
dense jungle. I observed it in the former place sally from its perch
near the summit of a lofty tree, and make a considerable circuit,
apparently capturing several insects, and then reseating itself on
some other tree. Several birds were thus engaged together, though
at some distance from each other, and returning separately each to
its own perch. In this respect it makes a nearer approach than any
other Indian species, to the manner of the African Drongo shrikes,
as described by Le Vaillant, hunting in flocks like swallows, and
mentioned by Swainson as being the general habits of the genus.
Flight of this species similar to that of macrocercus, but more rapid
and elegant.’”’—(Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 240.)

Captain Hutton remarks: “This species, the only one that visits
Mussooree, arrives from the Doon about the middle of March, and
retires again about September. It is abundant during the summer
months, and breeds from the latter end of April till the middle of
June, making a very neat nest, which is placed in the bifurcation of
a horizontal branch of some tall tree, usually oak trees; it is
constructed of grey lichens gathered from the trees, and fine seed-
stalks of grasses, firmly and neatly interwoven; with the latter it is
also usually lined, although sometimes a black fibrous lichen is used ;
externally the materials are kept compactly together, by being
plastered over with spiders’ webs. It is altogether a light and
elegant nest. The shape is circular, somewhat shallow, and diameter
within three inches. The eggs are three to four, generally the latter
number, and so variable in colour and distribution of spots, that
until I had shot several specimens and compared them narrowly,

&

154 CATALOGUE.

I was inclined to think we had more than one species of Dicrurus
here. I am, however, now fully convinced that the sevariable eggs
belong to the same species. Sometimes they are dull white with
brick-red spots, openly disposed in form of a rude ring at the larger
end; at other times the spots are rufescent claret, with duller
indistinct ones appearing through the shell; others are of a deep
carneous hue, clouded and coarsely blotched with deep rufescent
claret ; while again some are faint carneous, with large irregular
blotches of rufous clay, with duller ones beneath the shell. Diameter
varying from 1 x 14 to 14 x 12 ins,”’—(Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVII.
pt. IL. p. 687.)

197. DICRURUS CARULESCENS, Linn. Sp.

Lanius eerulescens, Linn., 8. N. I. p. 184. Lath., Hist.
IT. p. 60. ;

Dicrurus cerulescens, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8S. X.
p. 239. Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XV. p. 298;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 203. G. R. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, I. p. 286. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 351.

Drongo cerulescens, Tickell, Journ. A. S. Beng. II.
p. 573.

Edolius cerulescens, Blyth, Ann. Mag. N. H. (1844),
p. 47.

Lanius fingah, Shaw.

Fork-tailed Shrike, Lath.

Puart Basunes, Hind., Jerd.

Duaprti, Hind., Dr. #. (B.) Hamilton.

D’ Hover, Beng., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton.

a. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“This species appears to be generally spread, but nowhere plenti-
ful. It frequents open though lofty jungle, and well-wooded districts,
but is occasionally met with in topes and avenues in the Deccan and
Carnatic. I have seen it most numerous in the Wulliar jungle and
the Segour pass of the Neilgherries, where I found it at a consider-
able elevation. It almost always captures its insect prey on the
wing (sometimes however picks one off the ground) ; it perches near _
the top of a high tree, whence it pounces on its prey generally at no

great distance. It has a sweet song.’”’—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S.
X. p. 239.)

CATALOGUE. 155

198. DICRURUS LUGUBRIS, Ehrenberg Sp.
Edolius lugubris, Hhrenb., Symb. Phys. t. 8, f. 3.
Dicrurus lugubris, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 287.
Bonap., OC. G. Av. p. 352.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

199. DICRURUS CINERACEUS, Horsf. Sp.
Edolius cineraceus, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soe. XIII.
p- 145. Lath., Hist. Il. p. 59.
Dicrurus cineraceus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 287. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 352.
The Ashy Shrike.
Cuenta, Java, Horsf.

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

200. DICRURUS LEUCOPHHAUS, Vieill.

Dicrurus leucopheus, Vieill. N. Dict. Hist. Nat. IX.
p. 587. Le Vaill., Ois. d’ Afr. t. 170. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 287. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 352.

Dicrurus ceylonensis, Steph., Gen. Zool.

Dicrurus cineraceus, apud Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XV.
p. 299; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 208.

A. Malacca. Donor unknown.

201. DICRURUS ? DIVARICATUS, Raffles Sp.

Lanius divaricatus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 305.

Edolius divaricatus, Vigors, App. Mem. Raffles, p. 657.
Brerresa Burone Lipin, Sumatra, Raffles.

a. Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. 8. Raffles.

b. subgen. Epottus, Cuv.
(202. DICRURUS (EDOLIUS) PARADISEUS, Gmel. Sp.

Cuculus paradiseus, Gmel. S. V. ZL. 1. p. 422.

Edolius paradiseus, var. A. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. &.
- Beng. p. 201.

Lanius malabaricus, as figured by Lath., Hist. 11. t. 18.

156 CATALOGUE.

Chibia malabaroides, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. 1. p. 825. Bonap..
C. G. Av. p. 351.

Dicrurus retifer, apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X.
p. 241,

Dicrurus grandis, apud Horsf. McClelland, P. Z. 8.
(1839), p. 158.

Edolius grandis, apud Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI.
p. 170; Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. XIV. p. 46.

The Paradise Drongo.

Buerm or Burine-Ras, Hind., Hodgs.

Katg-oneat, Mahr., Blyth.

Kanata, Nepal, Hodgs.

Neuet-pan, Arracan, Blyth.

Huzar Dustan (‘ Bird of a Thousand Tales’), Jerd.

A. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq.

b. Tenasserim. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

c. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

“This splendid bird is tolerably abundant in many of the lofty
jungles of the west of India, both above and below the ghauts, it
being very plentiful in the Wynaud district. It appears to wander
more in search of its food than other of the Dicruri, flying from tree
to tree at no great elevation, making an occasional swoop at an
insect on the wing, or whipping one off a branch; frequently,
however, it feeds like its congeners, from a fixed station. It
generally hunts singly or in pairs, occasionally, however, it is seen in
small parties. Its food is chiefly large coleopterous insects, also
large bees and wasps. It has a very peculiar cry, consisting of two
parts, the first a sort of harsh chuckle, ending in a peculiar metallic
sound, something like the creaking of a heavy wheel. Mr. Elliott says
on this subject, ‘its general note is a deep sonorous cry, something
like tse-rung, tse-rung, tse-rung.’ It has many other notes besides this,
all of which, however, have more or less clangor or metallic sound.
I have seen it pursue a bird of prey (Hematornis cheela) in the
same manner as the common king-crow. It moults about Septem-
ber. Although it chiefly inhabits lofty jungles, I have seen it in
comparatively low jungle, and I am informed that it often enters
gardens in the cantonment of Cannanore. The Bherm-raj is occa-

CATALOGUE. 157

sionally taken and tamed; it used to be very frequently in former
days, and sold for a very high price at Hyderabad. It is said to
imitate the notes of all other birds, and hence is also called the
‘ Huzar Dustan, or bird of a thousand tales.””—(Jerd., Madr. Journ.
L. 8. X. p. 241.)

203. DICRURUS (HEDOLIUS) MALABARICUS, Scop.

Sp.

Dicrurus malabaricus, Scop. (Strickland in epistold.)
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.286. Blyth, Journ.
A. 8. Beng. XV. p. 296.

Edolius malabaricus, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 145.

Edolius retifer, Zemm., Text de Pl. Col. 178.

Lanius malabaricus, Raffies, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 806.

Edolius rangoonensis, Gould, P. Z. S. (1836), p. 5.
Horsf. McClelland, P. Z. 8. (1889), p. 158.

Edolius paradiseus, var. C., Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 201.

The Drongo 4 Raquette, Temm.
Burone Saweun, Sumatra, Raffles.
Cuanwi, Malay, Hyton.

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

b. Drawing. From Sir T. 8. Raffles’s Collection.
C. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.

d. Drawing. From Parry’s Collection.

ec. subgen. Curia, Hodgs.

204. DICRURUS (CHIBIA) HOTTENTOTA, Linn. Sp.

Corvus hottentotus, Linn., 8. N. 1. p. 155. Lath., Hist.
IIT. p. 51.

Chibia hottentota, Strickl., An. Nat. Hist. XIII. p. 36.
Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XV. p. 294; Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. Beng. p. 200. G. BR. Gray, Gren. of Birds, I.
p. 287. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p.99. Bonap., C. G@.
Av. p. 350.

Criniger splendens, Zvckell, Journ. A. 8. Beng. UL. p. 574.

158 CATALOGUE.

Edolius Krishna, Gould, P. Z. S. (1836), p.5. Blyth,
Journ. A. S. Beng. XI. pp. 169, 799.

Corvus Krishna, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS.I. p. 61.

Chibia casia, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 824. ‘

Edolius barbatus, Gray, Zool. Mise. p.

Krishna Crow, Lath., Hist. III. p. 51, ¢. 40.

The Hair-crested Drongo, Blyth.

Kesu-Ras, Beng., Blyth.

Krisuna-Ras or Kisuen-RaJ, Beng., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilt.

Kesya, Nepal, Hodgs.

Basunea, Fertcuxuna, and CassraJ, Sylhet, Dr. Cooke.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

b. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal. ;

c. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., July, 1853.

Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s remarks on the habits of this beautiful
bird inform us, “that it is common in the neighbourhood of
Calcutta, and builds among the bamboos, living in pairs, and feeding
on insects and fruits: remaining there throughout the year. It is
said to sing well, and is frequently tamed by the Mussulmans, who
in the morning carry it about, and invoke the name of God and the
prophet, in the same manner as they do with Parakeets.”

«“ Mr. Cooke, surgeon at Sylhet, observes, ‘that this bird is there
called Bajunga, Feetchkuwna, and Cassraj. ‘This last name is a
corruption of Kishen-Raj, the vulgar pronunciation of its proper
name. Mr. Cooke alleges, ‘ that it possesses the power of imitating
the voice of other birds ;’ but this my native servants deny. He
also says, ‘that in the cold season this bird always visits the high
mountains, but returns to the plains of Sylhet about the commence-
ment of the rains.’”’—(MS. I. p. 61.)

Lieutenant Tickell also remarks: “ These birds are tolerably
numerous, but confined to localities. They frequent the large
timber which luxuriates in the lower portions and richer soil of the
jungles on the banks of nullas, tanks, &c.: the cotton-tree, when in
blossom, is a favourite resort, where they may be seen in small
parties frolicking about. The voice is very changeable and in con-
stant exertion, from a beautiful song to whistling, chattering, and

CATALOGUE. 159

creaking like a rusty wheel. The notes at times resemble the higher
strains of an organ, and, heard in the wild and lovely scenes where
this bird is found, appear singularly striking and plaintive.”’—
(Journ. A. 8. Beng. IT. p. 574.)

Mr. Hodgson states,* “Its food is chiefly wasps, bees, and their
congeners, also green beetles, and other coleoptera; very rarely
vetches. Solitary or in pairs, part of the year in families, the
young with the parents, never quitting the forests ; descends from
time to time from its lofty perch to seize an insect on the wing;
occasionally seizes on the ground, but instantly retiring to its perch.
Common to all the three regions of Nepal. Moults in autumn,
between August and October, and, I think, only in autumn.”—
(Ind. Rey, I. p. 325.)

d, subgen. Burinea, Hodgs.
205. DICRURUS (BHRINGA) REMIFER, Temm. Sp.

Edolius remifer, Temm., Pl. Col. 178. Blyth, Journ. A.
SN. Beng. XI. pp. 169, 800.

Bhringa remifer, Blyth. Journ. A. S. Beng. XV. p. 294;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 200. G. BR. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 287. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p. 99. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 350.

Bhringa tectirostris, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 325.

The Drongo 4 Rames, Temm.

Neuert-pan, Arracan, Blyth.

A. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-

land, Esq. |

b. Darjeeling. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

c. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., July,
1853.

e. subgen. Cuapria, Hodgs.

206. DICRURUS (CHAPTIA) NEA, Vieill. Sp.

Dicrurus eneus, Vieill., N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. TX. p. 586.
Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 240.

* “The intestines are 15 inches long, larger above than below. Czca 3 of an
inch. Stomach muscular and red : outer coat of medial unequal thickness ; inner,
tough and striolated.”—(Hodgson, Ind. Rev. I. p. 325.)

160 CATALOGUE.

Chaptia «nea, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XV. p. 294;

Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 200. G. RB. Gray,

Gen. of Birds, I. p. 288. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 350.

Dicrurus xratus, Steph.

Edolius eratus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 801.

Chaptia muscipetoides, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 327.

Bronze Shrike, Lath., Hist. Il. p. 68.

Bucucuanea, Beng., Blyth.

Cnaptya (i.e. ‘ Flat-billed’), Nepal, Hodgs.

Cuota-Kusras, of the Gorakhpur birdcatchers, Dr. F.
(B.) Hamilton, MS. II. p. 184.

A. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
b. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.

c. Purchased.

d. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“This species is always found in the dense and lofty jungle. I
have only seen it in the forests of the western coast, and have met
with it at an elevation of 4,000 feet. It is generally found in small
parties, stations itself near the top of some lofty tree, whence it
makes frequent short sallies after insects, exactly like the flycatchers,
and returns generally to the same branch. It sings most charm-
ingly, being perhaps only surpassed by the Gryllivora longicauda.
Its food consists of various insects, both hard and soft-winged.”—
(Jerdon, Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 240.)

Mr. Hodgson also remarks :* “Shy, adhering to the forests, feeds
chiefly on the softer-winged insects, which it takes on the wing
exclusively, but not by continued questing; has an autumnal moult
between August and October, and I think but one per annum.”—
(ind. Rey. I. p. 327.)

Genus ArtTamus, Vieill., Analyse (1816).
Ocrprervs, Cw., Rég. Anim. (1817).
Lerropteryx, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 143
(1820).

* « Tntestines 8 to 13 inches long, thicker above, and provided with tiny czca.
Stomach muscular and red, its lining toughish and nearly smooth.”—(Ind, Rev.
I. p. 327.)

re

CATALOGUE. 161

207. ARTAMUS LEUCOGASTER, Valenciennes Sp.

Lanius leucogaster, Valenc., Ann. du Mus. H. N. p. 25,
t, 7, foe.

Artamus leucogaster, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 285. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 343.

Leptopteryx leucorhynchos, apud Horsf., Trans. Linn.
Soc. XIII. p. 144.

Lanius leucorhynchos, apud Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc.
XIII. p. 306.

A. and Drawing. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
B. and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. 8. Raffles.

208. ARTAMUS FUSCUS, Vieill.
Artamus fuscus, Vieill., NV. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. XVII.
p. 297. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 285.
Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XV. p. 299; Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 199. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p. 98. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 844.
Ocypterus rufiventer, Valenc., Ann. du Mus. H. N. p. 25,
fh
Artamus leucorhynchos, apud McClell., P. Z. 8. (1839),
p. 158.
Ocypterus leucorhynchos, apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8.
X. p. 237.
Ampelis Murasinia, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. I. p. 87.
Murasing Chatterer, Lath., Hist. V. p. 193.
Brown-coloured Swallow, var. A., Lath., Hist. VII. p.289.
The Ash-coloured Swallow Shrike, Jerd.
Murasine, of the Mussulmans, Dr. F. Sse Hamilton,
MS. I. p. 87.
Tat-cHaTak, Beng., Blyth.
A. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
b. and Drawing. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.
c. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.
“This bird appears to be universally spread over India, but is by
no means common. It prefers a wooded country, and always, I

believe, takes its food, which consists chiefly of soft-winged insects,
in the air. I saw a flock once flying over an open space in the

kJ

162 CATALOGUE.

Woulliar jungle like swallows; again near Palamcottah, in a palmyra
tope, a small flock of them, one every now and then darting from its
perch on the top of a palm-tree, and making a short cireuit in the
air after insects, reseating itself, though not generally on the same
tree. On another occasion I saw it in Travancore, skimming over
the surface of a tank, and returning to rest on a low bough over-
hanging the water. Its flight is rapid, elegant, and remarkably like
that of the swallow.”—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. X. p. 237.)

“ Wherever a high tree rises above its fellows, and projects a bare
or dead branch, commanding a wide view around, there may com-
monly be seen a party of these birds, one minute sitting together in
a close row, anon sallying forth in quest of insects, and soon
returning (each separately and independent of the movements of the
rest), to alight and perch together as before. Yet they are not very
common, but the parties are met with here and there, sometimes at
long intervals, through a tract of favourable country ; but whenever
they are seen, a number of specimens may be procured with the
greatest facility.”’—(Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XV. p. 299.)

209. ARTAMUS SUPERCILIOSUS, Gould.
Artamus superciliosus, Gould, P. Z. S. (1836), p. 142;
Birds of Austr. Il. t. 32. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, I. p. 285. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 199. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 844.
The White-eyebrowed Wood Swallow, Gould.

a. Australia. From Mr. George Fradgley.

Subfam. IIT. LANTIANA, Swains.

Genus Lantus, Linn., S. NV. (1766).
Cottyrio, Mehr. (1752).
CoituRI0, Vigors, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1831), p. 42.

210. LANIUS EXCUBITOR, Linn.
Lanius excubitor, Linn., 8S. N. I. p. 185. Lath., Hist.
II. p. 5. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 290.
Gould, Birds of Eur. t. 66. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus.
A. 8. Beng. p.151. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 363.
The Greater Butcher-bird, Will.
The Cinereous Shrike, Lath.

a. b. Mesopotamia. Presented by Commander Jones. __

CATALOGUE. 163

211. LANIUS LAHTORA, Sykes Sp.
~Collurio lahtora, Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1832), p. 86;
Journ. A. 8. Beng. III. p. 423.
Lanius lahtora, G. & H., Lil. Ind. Zool. IJ. ¢.31. G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 290. Blyth, Journ. A.
S. Beng. XV. p. 800; XVI. p. 473; Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. Beng. p. 151. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X.
p. 235; Ill. Ind. Orn. Bonap., CO. G. Av. p. 364.
Lanius burra, G. § H., Ill. Ind. Zool. II. t. 32, f. 8.
Lanius excubitor, var. C., Lath., Hist. II. p. 6.
Lanius magnirostris, Less.
Lanius excubitor, apud Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. TI.
p. 66.
The Latora Shrike.
Dupuiya Latora, Hind., Hamilton. Blyth. Jerd.
Kacuxacua Latora, Hamilton.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

“This Shrike is an inhabitant of open low jungles throughout the
country, and towards the northern parts of the Peninsula is found
frequenting bushes and low trees in the open plains. It never
approaches villages, and is a shy, wary bird, and difficult of approach,
and perhaps is the least numerous of any of the species.”—(Jerd.,
Til. Ind. Orn.)

Colonel Sykes states that “the male has a sweet note.’’—(P. Z.S.
1882, p. 86.)

212. LANIUS SCHACH, Gmel.

Lanius schach, Gmel., S. N. L. I. p. 308. Shaw, Zool.
VII. p. 824. Lath., Hist. Il. p. 65. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I: p. 290. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng.
XV. p. 301; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 151.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 364.

Lanius pyrrhonotus, Vieill., Gal. des Ois. t. 135.

Lanius Bentet, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 144.
Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 304. Lath,
Hist. Il. p. 54.

The Chinese Shrike, Zath.

The Bentet Shrike, Lath.

Scuacu, China, Lath.

164 CATALOGUE.

BenteEt, Java, Horsf.
Bunona-Papa or Trup Apt, Sumatra, Raffles.

A. B. c. Java; Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
d. and Drawing. Sumatra. From Raffles’s Collection.

213. LANIUS ERYTHRONOTUS, Vigors Sp.

Collurio erythronotus, Vigors, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1831),
p. 42. Gould, Cent. of Birds, t.12, f.2; Frankl.
P. Z. 8.1831, p.177. Journ. A. S. Beng. I. p. 266.
Sykes, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1882), p. 86; Journ. A. 8.
Beng. Ill. p. 428.

Lanius erythronotus, G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 290. Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XV. p. 302;
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.151. Hodgs., Cat. B.
Nep. p.100. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 364.

Collurio jounotus, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 84.

Lanius excubitor, apud Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. IL.
p. 62.

The Rufous-backed Shrike.

Kasata Latora, Hind., Hamilton.

A. B. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

C.D. N. W. Himalaya. Presented by the Asiatic So-
ciety of Bengal.

e. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

Ff. Drawing. Siam. From Finlayson’s Collection.

Junior ? abdomine graciliter fasciato.
A. Dukbun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

“Voice discordant, monotonous; perches very erect.’’—(Helfer’s
MS. Notes.)

214. LANIUS CANICEPS, Blyth.

Lanius caniceps, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XV. p. 302;
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 151. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, App. III. p.14. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 364.

Lanius erythronotus, apud Horsf. McClelland, P. Z. 8.
(1839), p. 158. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X.
p. 236; Lll. Ind. Orn.

CATALOGUE. 165

Lanius collurio ? Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. II. p. 64.
Lavora, Hind., Hamilton.

A. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.
B. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.

“This, though occasionally found in the more wooded parts of the
country in the Carnatic, is only at all common in the neighbourhood
of the jungles of the west coast, and is very abundant on the top of
the Neilgherries. Frequents low bushy ground, or open spaces in
the jungle, and has similar manners and food to others of the genus.”
—(Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn.)

215. LANIUS HARDWICKII, Vigors Sp.

Collurio Hardwickii, Vigors, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1831), p.42.
Gould, Cent. of Birds, t.12,f.1. Frankl. P. Z. 8.
(1831), p.117; Journ. A. S. Beng. I. p. 265. Sykes,
P. Z. 8. (1832), p. 86.

Lanius Hardwicki, G.&. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 290.
Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XV. p. 304; Cat. B.
Mus. A. S. Beng. p.152. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L.
S. X. p. 235; L1l. Ind. Orn. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p.100. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 364.

Lanius, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. II. p. 65.

The Bay-backed Shrike, Lath., Hist. II. p. 18.

Prcuanvk, Hind., Jerd.

Cunorxi Latrora, Hamilton.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

B. N. India. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

c. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

d. Drawing. From Heyne’s Collection.

e. Locality and donor uncertain.

“This handsome little Shrike is the most abundant of the Indian
species, and is tolerably common in every part except the west
coast. It frequents gardens, hedges, and cultivated ground, but —
chiefly delights in low, thorny, but open jungle. Feeds on locusts,
grasshoppers, and also on small birds.’”’-—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8.
X. p. 235.)

166

CATALOGUE.

216. LANIUS NIGRICEPS, Frankl. Sp.

Collurio nigriceps, Frankl., Proc. Zool. Soc. (1831),
p- 117; Journ. A. S. Beng. I. p. 265. McClelland,
P. Z. 8. (1839), p. 158.

Lanius nigriceps, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 236;
Ill. Ind. Orn. t.17. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p. 290, ¢. 71. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng.
XV. p. 301; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 151.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 100. Bonap., OC. G. Av.
p. 364.

Lanius nasutus, Scopoli (fide Auct.).

Lanius antiguanus, Gmel., 8S... I. p.301 (ex ins. Philipp.).

Lanius tricolor, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 446.

Lanius castaneus, (Lath.) apud Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton,
MS. II. p. 63.

Indian Shrike, Zath., Hist. Il. p. 34.

A. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-

land, Esq.

B. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of

Bengal.

c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

“This Shrike appears to be a more forest-haunting species than
its congeners, but does not otherwise, that I am aware of, differ
in its habits. Like the other species, it descends to the ground for
its food, which consists almost wholly of grasshoppers and their
larve. I have not observed in any of the Indian species the reputed
habit of impaling insects on thorns.”—(Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn.)

217. LANIUS TEPHRONOTUS, Vigors Sp.

Collurio tephronotus, Vigors, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1831),
p. 43.

Lanius tephronotus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 290.
Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XV. p. 301; Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 151. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.
p. 100. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 364.

Lanius nipalensis, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 445.

Collurio obseurior, Hodgs., Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 84. + 4k

CATALOGUE. . KT

Grey-backed Shrike, Lath., Hist. II. p. 9.
Buapriya, of the Hills of Nepal, Hodgs.
Bagana Trentua, of the Plains — (ditto).

a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., July, 1853.

“This Shrike is common in the open country in Nepal,’’ says Mr.
Hodgson, “in groves and gardens during winter, but resorts to the
woods in summer. It feeds on all sorts of hard and soft (both
flying and creeping) insects, and their larve and pups; also small
lizards, feeble birds, mice, and almost any living thing the bird can
master ; perches on the upper and barer branches of trees and
bushes, whence it descends to seize its prey on the ground; some-
times picks it from foliage, but very seldom seizes on the wing.
Has a harsh voice, very like the kestril’s, and is perpetually vocife-
rating from its perch. It is bold and daring in its manners, and
easily caught by any insect bait.’ *—(Ind. Rev. I. p. 445.)

Genus Enneoctonvs, Bote, Isis (1826).
Puonervs, Kaup, Entw. G. Eur. Thierw. (1829).
Lantus, Linn. et al.

218. EHNNHOCTONUS CRISTATUS, Linn. Sp.

Lantus cristatus, Zinn., 8S. N. I. p. 134. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 152. Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn. p.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 100.

Enneoctonus cristatus, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 362.

Lanius lucionensis, Linn., 8. N. I. p. 135. Strickl., P.

Z. S. (1846), p. 102.

Lanius pheenicurus, Pallas. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng.
XV. p. 308.

Lanius rutilus, var. A., Lath., Hist. II. p. 16.

Lanius superciliosus, var. A., Lath., Hist. Il. p. 37.

Lanius melanotis, Valenciennes.

Lanius ferrugiceps, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 446.

Lanius arenarius, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XV. p. 804.

* « Tntestines, 10 inches-long ; two very tiny ceca near the anal end. Stomach,
muscular and red ; outer coat of medial subequal thickness,—inner, tough and
grooved. Tongue, short, flat, cartilaginous ; tip, pointed and subbifid or sub-
jagged.”—(Ind. Rev. I. p. 445.) -

168 CATALOGUE.

Lanius curcutea, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, M8. 1. p. 8.
CurncurEa, Beng., Hamilton.

KArxAtt, Beng., Blyth.

Kueér Kaertta, Tickell.

a.b. c. &. N. India.

d.e. @ Q. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
f. young. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

g. Drawing. From Heyne’s Collection.

h. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“This is one of the commonest of Indian birds, and as its
particularly harsh chattering affords one of the earliest intimations
of the advent of the cold season in Calcutta, its note is then far
more acceptable than is warranted by the music of it. <A few
individuals, however, are procurable at all seasons within a few
miles of Calcutta. This species is also common on the eastern side
of the Bay of Bengal, extending southward to the straits.’’—(Blyth,
Journ. A. 8. Beng. XV. p. 803.)

“The word Curcutea is applied to several animals, and even
children, that have strong harsh voices. This Shrike builds its nest in
trees and bushes; feeds on insects, and attacks small birds.”—(Dr.
F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. I. p. 8.)

“Nest found in large bushes or thickets, shallow, circular, four
inches in diameter, rather coarsely made of fine twigs and grass.
Eggs 3 ordinary; 2% x 21; pale rose-colour, thickly sprinkled with
blood-red spots, with a darkish livid zone at the larger end. June.”
—(Tickell, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVII. p. 802.)

219. HNNEOCTONUS TIGRINUS, Drapiez Sp.
Lanius tigrinus, Drap., Dict. Class. d’ Hist. Nat. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 152.

Enneoctonus superciliosus, (Lath.) Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 362.

Lanius magnirostris, Less. in Belanger’s Voyage.
Lanius strigatus, Eyton, P. Z. S. (1839), p. 108.
SERARA, Malay, Hyton.

a. b. c. d. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.

CATALOGUE. 169
Genus Fatcunoutus, Vieill., Analyse,.p. 40 (1816).

220. FALCUNCULUS LEUCOGASTER, Gould.
Faleunculus leucogaster, Gould, P. Z. S. (1837), p. 144;
Birds of Austr. II. t. 80. G. RB. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, I. p. 294. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 865.

a. b. Australia. From Mr. George Fradgley.

Genus Evrocepnatus, Smith, S. Afr. Journ. (1836).
Cu zTOBLEMMA, Swains., Nat. Hist. Birds, 11. (1837).

221. HUROCEPHALUS ANGUITIMENS, Smith.
Eurocephalus anguitimens, Smith, Ill. 8. Afr. Zool. t.
Rtitpp., Syst. Uebers. p. 23, t.27. G.R. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, I. p, 293. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 365.
Chetoblemma leucocephala, Swains.

a. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris's Collection.

Genus TEPHRODORNIS, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 482
(1831).

Muscicapa, p. Gmel. Hamilton.

Lantus, p. Frankl. Ticket.

Kerrouta, G. & H., Ill. Ind. Zool. 11. (1835).
TrentuHaca, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. 1. p. 446 (1837). |
Creureus, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. X. p. 29 (1841).

222. TEPHRODORNIS PONDICERIANA, Gimel. Sp.

Muscicapa pondiceriana, Gmel., S. N. LZ. II. p. 939.
Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. II. p. 71.

Tephrodornis pondiceriana, Blyth, Journ. A. S, Beng.
XV. p. 805; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 153.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 358.

Muscicapa philippensis of India, Lath.

Keroula indica, G. & H., Ill. Ind. Zool. II. t. 38,
Ful, 2.

Tephrodornis indica, G. .R. Gray, Gen. of Tistdei I. ‘p. 290.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 99.

Lanius muscicapoides; Frankl., P. Z. 8S. (1831) p. 117 ;
Journ. A. S. Beng. I. p. 265.

August 11, 1853.]. Zz

170 CATALOGUE.

Lanius griseus, Tickell, Journ. A. 8. Beng. 11. p. 5738.

Lanius sordidus, Less.

Tephrodornis superciliosus, Swains. Jerd., Madr. Journ.
LD. 8. X. p. 237. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng, X1.
p- 799.

Tenthaca leucurus, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 447.

The Keroula Shrike, Lath., Hist. II. p. 29.

The Grey Wood-Shrike, Tickell.

Kerrovuta, Hind., Hardwicke.

CuupvuKka, Beng., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton.)

Tanxtua and Téntuaca, Nepal, Hodgs.

A. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.

B. C. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

d.e. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.

Jt. g. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.

“This Shrike is generally spread throughout Southern India, but
in no place abundant, though it is far from being rare in some parts
of the country, I having seen it most numerous in Goomsoor, and
in the Wulliar jungle (in the gap of Coimbatore). Colonel Sykes
says it is rare in the Deccan: this to be expected from the bareness
of the country. It is found in open jungle, in open spaces on the
borders of thick forests, woody nuilahs, topes, avenues, and even
thick hedges occasionally, but never in dense jungle. It may be
observed slowly traversing the branches of the trees it frequents, in
search of insects, chiefly coleoptera. Seen singly or in small flocks.”
—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8S. X. p. 236.)

“This species is much more common in the lower region of
Nepal than in the central or northern.’”’—(Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I.
p- 447.)

“Tt is only found here (Nihinogor) in the cold season, and retires,
it is supposed, to thick forests, where it breeds. They are found
in small flocks of four or five pairs. Feeds on insects. It has a
sharp cry when disturbed, but also sings with a fine mellow voice,
and on this account is sometimes tamed.’’—(Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton,
MS. IT. p. 71.)

CATALOGUE. we:

223. TEPHRODORNIS GULARIS, Raffles Sp.

Lanius gularis, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 304.

Tephrodornis gularis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XV.
p. 304; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 153. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 357. |

Lanius virgatus, Zemm., Pl. Col. 256, f. 1.

Tephrodornis virgatus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 290.

Barov Barov, Sumatra, Raffles.

Burone Tana, Malay, Hyton.

A. and Drawing. Presented by Sir T. S. Rattles.

224. TEPHRODORNIS PELVICA, Hodgs. Sp.
| Tenthaca pelvica, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 447.
Tephrodornis pelvica, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 290. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 99. Blyth, Journ.
A. 8. Beng. XV. p.304; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 153. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 357.

A. B. ¢. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
é. f- Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

“ This species is also much more common in the lower region of
Nepal than in the central or northern. Food, chiefly grilli, also
mantides, crickets, grubs (not worms), and caterpillars. Takes its
prey either on the wing or amongst foliage. Is shy, adhering to
the forests, and has the unamiable voice of the typical Lanii.’”’**—
(Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 447.)

Genus Gampsoruynouus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII.
p. 370 (1844).

225. GAMPSORHYNCHUS RUFULUS, Blyth.

Gampsorhynchus rufulus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng.
XIII. p. 871; XIV. p. 596; XVI. p. 452; XVII.

* “ Intestines, 11 to 12 inches long with two tiny ceca near the end. Stomach,
muscular, of medial subequal thickness, and toughish only on the inside. Tongue,
short, pointed, and bifid or jagged.”—(Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 447.)

172 CATALOGUE.

p. 813; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 150. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 358. :

Garrulax rufulus, G. 2. Gray, Gen. of Birds, App. VIL.
2,30). ~

a. b.c. Darjeeling. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.
d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

Genus Prerutuius, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. p.491 (1831).
Attorrivs, Temm., Text de Pl. Col. 589 (1888).

226. PTERUTHIUS “2NOBARBUS, Temm. Sp.
Allotrius enobarbus, Zemm., Pl. Col. 589, f. 2 (male).
Pteruthius melanotis, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XVI.
p. 448 (male).
Pteruthius xanthochloris, Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. App.
p. 155; Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XVI. p. 448 (female).

a.b.c.d.e f: (8, %, and young). Nepal. Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

g. &. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

227. PTERUTHIUS ERYTHROPTERUS, Vigors Sp.

Lanius erythropterus, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1831), p. 22.
Gould, Cent. t. 11.

Pteruthius erythropterus, Swaims. Blyth, Journ. A. SW.

- Beng. XI. pp. 106, 183; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 99. G. BR. Gray,” Gen. of Birds, ‘1. p. 270.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 95. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 362.

A. g. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

B. g. Bengal. Presented by Dr. Royle.

c.d. & ¢. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

e. ®. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

f. &. Himalaya. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

g. &. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.

=-

CATALOGUE. Bes

228. PTERUTHIUS RUFIVENTER, Blyth.
Pteruthius rufiventer, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI.

p. 183; XII. p. 954; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 98. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 270, t. 67.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 363.

a. 3. Darjeeling. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

B. 2. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.

c.d. § 9. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.

Subfam. IV. THAMNOPHILINA, Swazns.

Genus Dryoscopus, Bote, Isis (1826).
Haponoruvs, G. R. Gray, Ann. Mag. N. H. (1837).

229. DR YOSCOPUS CUBLA, Shaw Sp.

Lanius cubla, Shaw, Zool. VII. p. 328. Lath., Hist. Il.
p.DL.

Dryoscopus cubla, Bote. Ripp., Syst. Uebers. p. 62.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 860.

Laniarus cubla, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 299.

Lanius humeralis, Stanley. Salt’s Voy. to Abyss. App.
p. ol.

The Hottniqua Shrike, Lath.

A. B. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

230. DR YOSCOPUS JATHIOPICUS, Vieill.

Telephorus ethiopicus, Viel. Ripp., Syst. Uebers.
p. 50, t. 23.
_ Dryoscopus xthiopicus, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 861.

a. 9. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Subfam. V. CAMPEPHAGINA, Swains.

Genus Gravcatus, Cuw., Reg. Anim. p. (1817).

231. GRAUCALUS MACET, Less.
Graucalus Macei, Less., Tr. d’ Orn. p.349. G. BR. Gray,

174 CATALOGUE.

"Gen. of Birds, I. p. 288. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A.
S. Beng. p.190. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 354.

Graucalus papuensis, of India, Auctorum.

Graucalus nipalensis, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 327. —
Corvus Kabasi, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. U1. p. 125.
Large Spime-rump, Jerd.

Kasast, Beng., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton.

a.b. 9. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
c.d. g. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“This bird prefers well-wooded situations, though not a denizen
of thick jungle; hence is most abundant in the western coast. It is
also found in the other parts of India in topes, avenues, palm-groves,
and occasionally even enters gardens. It lives partly on insects,
chiefly mantides, grylli, caterpillars, and soft insects, which it
searches for among the foliage of large trees; and partly on fruit,
especially the fig of the banian-tree. It is rather a shy and wary
bird, flying before you from tree to tree, uttering as it alights two
or three rather sweet and mellow notes; but it has also a very
harsh rattling scream. It flies in an undulating manner, with few
vibrations of its wings. Its flesh is eaten and esteemed by some of
the natives.” —(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 242.)

“ Habits, solitary for the most part, and adhering to the forests,
but sometimes approaching gardens and orchards. Feeds on the
ground as well as on the wing, and has a shrill voice, exactly like
that of the Halcyons. Food, grilli, mantides, scarabzi, berries,
vetches, and seeds.”’*—-(Hodgs., Ind. Rey. I. p. 327.)

232. GRAUCALUS JAVENSIS, Horsf. Sp.

Ceblepyris javensis, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 145. Lath., Hist. V. p. 87.

Graucalus javensis, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 354. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. Addend., App. No. I. p. xii.

KeEpopanG-sunGu, Java, Horsf.

* « Tongue, short, flat, cartilaginous, with acute subbifid tip. Intestines, 14 to
15 inches long, thicker above, and furnished with two tiny czca close to the anal
end. Stomach, muscular and red ; outer coat of considerable unequal thickness,
inner, leathery and grooved.”—(Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 327.)

EE

CATALOGUE. 175

A. bc. g 9. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
d. e. Drawings, @ 9%. Sumatra. From Sir T. 8.
Raffles’s Collection.

yenus LALaGE, Bote (1826).
Eructvora, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. (18381).
233 LALAGH ORIENTALIS, Gmel. Sp.
Turdus orientalis, Gmel., 8S. N. ZL. I. p. 821. Lath,
Mist. V. p. 93.

Lalage orientalis, Bote. Strickl. in epistola. Blyth,
Journ. A. 8. Beng. XV. p. 806; Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. Beng. p.192. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 355.

Campephaga orientalis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 283.

Ceblepyris striga, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 145.
Lath., Hist. V. p. 87.

Lanius striga, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 305.
Ash-rumped Thrush, Lath.

LENJETTAN, Java, Horsf.

Kras, Malay, Eyton.

A.B. C.d.efi & 2 Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
g. and Drawing, g. Sumatra. From Sir T. 8S. Raffles’s
Collection.
234. LALAGE SYKESTTI, Strickland.
Lalage Sykes, Sérickl., An. Mag. Nat. Hist. XIII.
p. 36.

Campephaga Sykesii, G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, TI.
p. 283. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XV. p. 807 ;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 191.

Volvocivora Sykesii, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 356.
Ceblepyris canus, apud Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1832), p. 87.

Ceblepyris fimbriatus, apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. SB.
X. p. 242.

Eastern Thrush, Zath., Hist. V. p. 111.
A. B. g ¢. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

176 CATALOGUE.

C.D. g ¢. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society
of Bengal.

e. 2. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

“This species is most abundant in woody country, in avenues, or
thick hedges, gardens, &c. It is to be met with at all seasons of
the year on the western coast, but I think only repairs to the
Carnatic (I speak particularly of the country about Trichinopoly)
after the commencement of the rainy season there, in October or
November; at all events it is much more numerous then. This
species hunts singly or in small families of both sexes, flying from
tree to tree, slowly and carefully examining the foliage, prying
searchingly all around, and under the leaves, to discover a suitable
morsel. It continues its search hopping, flying from branch to
branch, till the tree has been well inspected, when the flock flies off
together to another tree. Its favourite food is caterpillars, pupa,
grubs, and soft insects ; but also ants and coleopterous insects. The
females are much more numerous than the males; but this may
partly be accounted for by the young males being clothed in the
female garb.”—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 242.)

“Found only in thick bushes. Black ants only found in the
stomach.’’—(Sykes, P. Z. 8. 1832, p. 87.)

235. LALAGH HUMERALIS, Gould Sp.

Ceblepyris humeralis, Gould, P. Z. S. (1837), p. 1438.

Lalage humeralis, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 192.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 355.

Campephaga humeralis, Gould, Birds of Austr. I1. t. 63.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 283.

The White-shouldered Lalage, Gould.

Goé-MuL-ctit-Lone, Aborigines, W. Australia, Gould.

a. g. Australia. From Mr. George Fradgley.

Genus CamprpHaaa, Vieill., Analyse, p. 39 (1816).
CEBLEPYRIS, Cwv., Reg. Anim. I. (1817).
Votvoctvora, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. 1. p. 3828 (1837).

236. CAMPEPHAGA FIMBRIATA, Temm. Sp.

Ceblepyris fimbriatus, Temm., Pl. Col. 249 g, 250 9.
Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 87.

CATALOGUE. 17Z

Campephaga fimbriata, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XV.
p. 306; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 191.

Volvocivora fimbriata, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 356.

Ceblepyris lugubris, Sundev., Physiogr. Sallsk., Tidsk.

Lanius silens, Tickell, Journ. A. S. Beng. Il. p. 573.

Volvocivora melaschistos, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 328.

Graucalus maculosus, MeClell., P. Z. S. (1839), p. 159.

Corvus Kabasioides, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. IU.
p. 126.

Blue-grey Thrush, Lath., Hist. V. p. 111.

Silent Shrike, Zickel.

Kaxsast, Beng., Hamilton.

A. B. g 92, and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J.
McClelland, Esq.

c. &. Donor unknown.

d. &. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

e. f.g.h. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.

“This species is confined to the woods, and is solitary, or nearly
so. Ihave procured abundance of specimens from all parts of the
hills, and at all seasons of the year. Not migratory. Their prin-
cipal food is caterpillars and other soft wingless insects; but many
soft and hard flying insects are likewise taken, with grubs, larve,
and insect eggs, and frequently stony berries, and even seeds.
These birds, though they procure the greatest portion of their food
on trees, yet freely descend to the ground to gather it there
also.”” *—(Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 828.)

“This is a mere summer visitor in the hills, arriving up to 7,000
feet, about the end of March, and breeding early in May. The nest
is small and shallow, placed in the bifurcation of a horizontal bough
of some tall oak-tree, and always high up ; it is composed externally
almost entirely of grey lichens picked from the tree, and lined with
bits of very fine roots or thin stalks of leaves. Seen from beneath
the tree, the nest appears like a bunch of moss or lichens, and the
smallness and frailty would lead one to suppose it incapable of

* « The intestines are 10 to 11 inches long, of nearly equal calibre throughout,
and having the czca hardly traceable. The stomach is muscular and red, with an
outer coat of medial unequal thickness, and a tough lining.”—(Ind. Rev. I. p. 328.)

2 @

178 CATALOGUE.

holding two young birds of such size. Externally the nest is
compactly held together by being thickly plastered over with
cobwebs. The eggs are two in number, of a dull grey-green,
closely and in parts confluently dashed with streaks of dusky brown.
Diameter +3 x 11 inches. This bird has a plaintive note, which it
repeatedly utters while searching through a tree, after the manner
of Lanius Hardwickii, for insects.’—(Hutton, Journ. A. 8. Beng.
XVII. pt. II. p. 688.)

Fam. IIT. MERULIDA, Vigors.
Subfam. I. MYIOTHERINA, Swans.

Genus BracnypTeRyx, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 157
(1820).
Gotpana, G. R. Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, 1st ed.

237. BRACHYPTERYVX MONTANA, Horsfeld.

Brachypteryx montana, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. X11.
p. 157; Zool. Res. in Java, t. 9. Lath., Hist.
VII. p. 124. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIII.
p. 881; XVI. p. 186; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 178. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 209.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 257.

Mountaineer Warbler, Lath.

Kerrex, Java, Horsf.

A.B. g ¢. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

“T met with the Ketek in one situation only, at an elevation
of about 7,000 feet above the level of the ocean. It is probably
found on all the mountain-peaks of Java, which are covered with
thick forests, accommodated to its peculiar habits. The recurrence of
several quadrupeds and birds, at a certain elevation, is as regular in
this island as that of many plants and insects. Although local in
its residence, it is very numerous on Mount Prahu, and in my daily
excursions I uniformly observed, and occasionally surprised it in its
short sallies among the openings of the forest. Tt is chiefly found
on the lowest branches of trees or on the ground. The shortness of

CATALOGUE. 179

its wings incapacitates it for elevated or distant flights, and its
motions are low, short, and made with great exertion. It lives in
the thickest coverts, here it forms its nest on the ground, and feeds
on the larve of insects, worms, &c. This bird is a delightful
resident in the forests of Mount Prahu, which, in the luxuriance of
its vegetation and gloomy thickets, is probably not surpassed in any
portion of the globe. It utters, almost without interruption, a
varied song. Its common note is a quickly reiterated babbling,
resembling that of the Sylvia curruca, Linn., and other birds of this
family ; it also has a protracted plaintive note, but it sometimes
rises to higher and melodious warblings, which, in the general
silence of these elevated regions, afford an inexpressible sensation of
delight to the mind of the solitary traveller.”—(Horsf., Zool. Res.
in Java.)

Genus Tus1a, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. V1. p. 101 (1837).
OxieuRrA, Hodgs., Proc. Zool. Soc. (1845), p. 25.

238. THSIA CYANIVENTER, Hodgson.

Tesia cyaniventer, Hodgs., Jowrn.A. 8. Beng. VI. p.101;
Cat. B. Nep. p. 62. Blyth, Jowrn. A. 8. Beng. XI.
p. 182; XIV. p. 586; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 178. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 156.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 257.

Saxicola olivea, McClell., P. Z. 8. (1839), p. 161.

Tesia auriceps, Hodgs. Blyth. Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
pp. 1387, 474.

The Blue-bellied Tesia, Hodgs.

Trx-sEE, Nepal, Hodgs.

a.b.c.d. 8 $. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson,
Esq., June, 1853.

e. Drawing. Assam (S. olivea, McClell.). Presented by
J. McClelland, Esq.

239. TESTA CASTANEO-CORONATA, Burton Sp.

Sylvia castaneo-coronata, Burt., P. Z. S. (1835), p. 152.

Tesia castaneo-coronata, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV.
p. 586; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.179. G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 156, t. 47. f.1. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 257.

180 CATALOGUE.

Tesia flaviventer, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. VI. p. 102.
Oligura flaviventer, Hodgs., P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 25.
The Yellow-bellied Tesia, Hodgs.

a. b. c. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.

“These singular birds are peculiar to the mountains, and dwell in
moist woods where there is plenty of underwood ; they are solitary,
silent, live and breed on the ground, and feed on seeds, gravel, and
insects ; their stomach is thick, almost a gizzard.’”’—(Hodgs., P. Z. 8.

1845, p. 25.)

Genus Pnoipyea, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 24.
Microvra,* Gould, Icones Aviwm (1837).
Anura, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. X. p. 28 (1841).

240. PNOEPYGA SQUAMATA, Gould Sp.

Microura squamata, Gould, Icones Aviwm, t. 5.

Pnoépyga squamata, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV.
p. 586; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 179.

Tesia albiventer et rufiventer, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng.
VI. p. 102; Cat. B. Nep. p.62. G. R. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, I. p. 156. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 258.

Pnoépyga albiventer et rufiventer, Hodgs., P.Z. 8. (1845),
p. 25.

Pnoépyga unicolor, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 25.

The Scaly-breasted Pnoépyga, Gould.

a. b. (P. albiventer, Hodgs.), c. d. (P. rufiventer, Hodgs.).
Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,

1858.

241. PNOHPYGA PUSILLA, Hodgs.
Tesia pusilla, Hodgs. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV.
p- 588.
Pnoépyga pusilla, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 25. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.179. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 258.
Pnoépyga squamata, small var. ?

* Occupied by Ehrenberg in 1831, for a genus of Vermes.

CATALOGUE. 181

a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

242. PNOEPYGA CAUDATA, Blyth, Sp.

Tesia caudata, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 588;
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.179. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 258.

a. b. c. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.

Genus T'roaLopyTEs, Vierll., Ors. de lV’ Amér. Sept. II. p. 52
(1807).

ANORTHURA, Lennie.

243. TROGLODYTES NIPALENSIS, Hodgs.

Troglodytes nipalensis, Hodgs. Blyth, Journ. A. SW.
Beng. XIV. p. 589; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 158. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 222. Gould, Birds
of Asia, I. t. 57.

Troglodytes subhemalayanus, Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. App.
p. 151. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 158.

The Nepal Wren, Hodgs.

a. b. c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.

Genus Prrra, Vieill., Analyse, p. 42 (1816).

Bracuyvurvs, Thunberg.

Paxupicoua, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. VI. p. 103
(1887).

Heeornis, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844) p. 83.

244. PITTA CHRULEA, Raffles Sp.

Myiothera cerulea, Raffles, Trans. Innn. Soc. XIII.
p. 801.

Pitta cerulea, Vigors, App. Mem. Raffles, p.659. G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 218. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 156.

Brachyurus ceruleus, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVI.
p. 158. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 258.

182 CATALOGUE.

Pitta gigas, Temm., Pl. Col. 217.
The Cerulean Pitta.

A. g and Drawings, ¢ ¢. Sumatra. Presented Py Sir
T. 8. Raffles.

245. PITTA NIPALENSIS, Hodgs. Sp.

Paludicola nipalensis, Hodgs., Journ, A. S. Beng. V1.
p- 103.

Pitta nipalensis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 214.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 78. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A.
S. Beng. p.156. Gould, Birds of Asia, t. 2.

Brachyurus nipalensis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 153. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 253.

Heleornis nipalensis, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 83.

Pitta nuchalis, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XI. p. 188;
XII. p. 961,

The Nepal Pitta, Gray.

Syrmya, Nepal, Hodgs.

A. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.

b. c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, |

1853.

“ These birds never quit the forests, and usually adhere to those —

parts of them which abound in thick low brushwood. They seldom
perch save at night, and then only on low bushes. They feed
principally in swamps and rills, upon hard insects proper to such
sites. Berries and seeds they seldom or never touch, and the sand
occasionally met with in their stomachs, is probably taken unin-
tentionally. Their tongue and intestines resemble those of the
thrushes proper, with only a considerable increase in the length of
the intestinal canal, which is sometimes thirty inches long.. They
fly so badly and are so stupid, that I have seen them taken by a
single man.’’—(Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. VI. p. 103.)

246. PITTA CYANEA, Blyth.
Pitta cyanea, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 1008 ;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 157. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 213, t.55. Gould, Birds of
Asia, t. 3.

CATALOGUE. 183

Brachyurus cyaneus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 153. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 253.

Pitta gigas, apud Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 961.

The Blue Pitta, Gould.

Myat-neon, Arracan, Blyth.

A. Arracan. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.
B. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

247. PITTA CYANURA, Gmel. Sp.

Turdus cyanurus, Gimel., S. V. LD. J. p. 828. Lath., Ind.
Orn. I. p. 361.

Pitta cyanura, Vigors, App. Mem. Raffles, p. 659. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 218. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.157. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 256.

Myiothera affinis, Horsf:, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 154.
Lath., Hist. Il. p. 66.

The Striped-bellied Pitta.

Punetor, Java, Horsf.

SintTaR, Sumatra, Raffles.

A. B. c. and Drawings, g ¢. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s
Collection.

D. and Drawing, g. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S.
Rafiles.

248. PITTA CYANOPTERA, Temm.

Pitta cyanoptera, Temm., Pl. Col. 218. Vuigors, App.
Mem. Raffles, p. 659. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I, p. 213. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p. 157.

Brachyurus cyanopterus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 153. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 254.

Myiothera brachyura, apud Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soe.
XIII. p. 300.

Pitta malaccensis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 960. |

A. and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S.
Raffles.

184 CATALOGUE.

249. PITTA BENGALENSIS. Gmel. Sp.

Corvus brachyurus, var. y, bengalensis, Gmel., S. N. L.
I. p. 376.

Pitta bengalensis, Viewll. Steph., Gen. Zool. XIII. p.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 254.

Turdus triostegus, Sparm., Mus. Carls. t. 84:

Pitta triostegus, apud Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p. 157.

Pitta abdominalis, Wagler. (Edwards, Birds, t. 324.)

Pitta brachyura, apud Gould, Cent. t.23. G. & H., Lil.
Ind. Zool. Il. t. 85, 7.2. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8.

X.p.251. Royle, Ill. Him. Bot. t.7, f. 3.

The Bengal Pitta.

Nov-rune (‘ Nine Colours’), Hind., Jerd.

Suum SuHau, Beng., Blyth.

A. B. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.
C. D. Locality and Donor unknown.

“Though by no means common, this bird is occasionally met with
in gardens and topes in the Carnatic, as at Madras and Trichinopoly,
during the cold weather only, I believe. It however generally
frequents high jungle, and is therefore more common on the west
coast than in other parts of the Peninsula; I have also seen it in
Goomsoor. It feeds on the ground in small flocks, generally, but
not unfrequently singly, and readily perches on being disturbed.
In the few instances when I have obtained specimens of the Wouw-
rung, | have not found their food to consist of ants, but of other
insects, chiefly coleopterous.’’—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 251.)

“T kept a bird of this species for some time alive, but can remark
little more than that it progressed by hopping, and that it is a
remarkably silent bird, though I am told that it frequently utters a
screeching note ‘in the wild state.’””—(Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng.
XII. p. 960.)

250. PITTA GRANATINA, Temm.

Pitta granatina, Temm., Pl. Col.506. G. R. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, I. p. 913. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVI.
p. 158; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 157. —
C. G. Av. p. 255.

CATALOGUE. 185

Pitta coccinea, Hyton, P. Z. S. (1839), p. 104. Blyth,
Journ. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 961.
Morrvua Pranvo, Malay, Eyton.

a. Malacca. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

Genus Hypropata, Vieill., Analyse, p. 42 (1816).
Cincuus, Bechst., Gem. Naturg. Deutschl. (1802).

251. HYDROBATA ASIATICA, Swains. Sp.
Cinclus asiaticus, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. II. p. 174.
Hydrobata asiatica, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 215.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 158.
Cinclus Pallasii, apud Gould, Cent. t. 24. Hodgs., Cat.
B. Nep. p. 78.
Cinclus tenuirostris, (Gould) apud Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 252.
Cinclus maculatus, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 83 (young).
The Asiatic Water-Ousel.
A. N. India. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.
B. C. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
D. Bengal. From Blagrave’s Collection.
e. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
J. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Hsq., June, 1853.
g. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

‘Has the habits and manners of the European species, frequenting
mountainous streams, and feeding on aquatic insects and their
larvee, the fry and ova of fishes, &c., which it takes beneath the
water.”—(Gould, Cent. of Birds.)

Subfam. II. MERULINA, Vigors.

Genus Petrocincita, Vigors, Zool. Journ. II. (1825).
Monttcoua, Bove, Isis (1822).
PrrrocossyPuus, Bote, Isis (1826).

Turpvs, Gimel., Vigors, et al.

252. PETROCINCLA EHERYTHROGASTRA, Vigors Sp.
Turdus erythrogaster, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1831), p. 171.
26

186 CATALOGUE.

Gould, Cent. t.13. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 219. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 81.

Petrocincla erythrogastra, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng.
XI. pp. 189, 461; XII. p. 929; XVI. p. 149;
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 164.

Orocetes erythrogaster, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 298.

Petrocincla rufiventris, Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. t. 129.

Petrocossyphus ferrugineoventris, Less.

The Red-bellied Thrush, Gray.

A. bc. d. @ 9. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson,
Esq., June, 1853.

e. g. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
fg. & ¢. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Col-

lection.

h. 3. Bengal. From Blagrave’s Collection.

253. PETROCINCLA PANDOO, Sykes.

Petrocincla Pandoo, Sykes, P. Z. 8S. (1832), p. 87 ; Journ.
A, 8. Beng. III. p. 537. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L.
S. X. p. 253. Blyth, Journ. A. &. Beng. XII.
pp. 182,177, bis; XVI. p.151. Fraser, Zool. Typ.
6. ee

Petrocossyphus Pandoo, Hodys., Cat. B. Nep. p. 79.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 297.

Turdus manillensis, (Gmel.) apud G. R. Gray, Gen. ef.
Birds, I. p. 220.

Petrocincla cyanea, (7. cyaneus, Linn.) apud Blyth, Cat.
B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 164.

Turdus solitarius, var. A., Lath., Hist. V. p. 47.

Petrocincla Maal, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 87 (the
Semale).

The Blue Rock-Thrush, tod

Panpoo, Mahr., Sykes (the male).

Maat (ditto), the female.

Suamau, Hind., Jerd.

A. B.c. g 9. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
D. 3. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

CATALOGUE. 187

e. &. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.
fF. 2. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.

g. 2. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853. .

Colonel Sykes remarks of Pandoo, that “ this bird differs from the

Solitary Thrush of Europe (Zwrdus cyaneus, Linn.) in its smaller size,
slighter form, brighter cerulean tint, want of orange eyelids, and
white tips to the feathers. Found only in the dense woods of the
Ghauts. Flight, low and rapid.’ Of the Maal he states: “ This
bird corresponds as closely as possible with what is stated to be the
female of the Twrdus cyaneus, and may by analogy be supposed to
be the female of Pet. Pandoo; but it inhabits only the prickly milk-
bushes (Luphorbia tortilis and pentagona) of the rocky plains of the
Dukhun. I never saw it in the Ghauts, nor in company with Pet.
Pandoo.”—(P. Z. 8. (1832), p. 87.)
_ “This is a rare bird in the southern part of the Peninsula. I
have only seen it on the Neilgherries, near Coonoor and Kotagherry,
in bushy and rocky valleys. Towards the more northern parts, it
becomes more frequent. I observed it several times about the
central part of the table-land, both in the neighbourhood of vil-
lages, and in rocky valleys and hills. About Jaulnah it is far from
being uncommon, frequenting chiefly the old mud walls of villages,
and rocky hills, and occasionally seen about houses and stables in
cantonment, perching now and then on the house-tops. I first
observed it in the beginning of October, coming in at the same
time with many other birds, and it stays here (at Jaulnah) till
April. It is always solitary; feeds on various insects. I have
found the Pet. Maal in the same localities as Pet. Pandoo, and
consider it as the young bird or female, which is also the opinion of
Mr. Elliot. From his ‘ Notes’ I take the following extract: ‘ Very
tame, often coming into houses and hopping about the verandah; has
a fine song, and is trained and domesticated by faqueers and others ;
common on the coast from Vingorlah to Cambay.’ ’—(Jerd., Madr.
Journ. L. 8. X. p. 252.)

254. PHTROCINCLA AFFINIS, Blyth.

- Petrocincla affinis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p- 177, bis ; XVI. p. 151; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 164. G. RB. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 219.
Bonap., C. Gi Av. p. 297.

188 CATALOGUE.

A. ¢. Aracan. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.
b. 2. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

255. PETROCINCLA MANILLENSIS, Gmel. Sp.
Turdus manillensis, Gmel., 8S. NV. L. I. p. 833. G. BR.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 220. Blyth, Journ. A. 8.
Beng. XVI. p.151; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 164.
Petrocossyphus manillensis, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 297.

A. 3. Locality and donor unknown.

Genus Orocertzs, G. R. Gray, List Gen. of Birds (1840).
Perropuita, Swains., Nat. Hist. of Birds (1837).
Turpus, Linn. et al.

256. OROCETES CINCLORHYNCHUS, Vigors Sp.
Petrocinela cinclorhyncha, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1831),
p. 172. Gould, Cent. t. 19. Sykes, P. Z. SW.
(1832), p. 87.
Orocetes cinclorhynchus, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 297.
Turdus cinclorhynchus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 220.
Petrocossyphus cinclorhynchus, Hodys., Cat. B. of Nepal,
p. 79.
Petrophila cinclorhyncha, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X.
p. 252.
Monticola cinclorhyncha, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng.
XVI. p. 152; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 164.
Petrophila cyanocephala, Swains.
Turdus melanotus, Dubus., Bull. Acad. Sc. Brux. (1839),
I. p. 506.
Petrocossyphus aurantiventer, Less., Rev. Zool. (1840),
p. 166.
Black-collared Thrush, var. A., Lath., Hist. V. p. 49.
a. §. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
b. 3. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
C. 2. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

“ The present species is a hill- but not a rock-bird, frequenting the
iops of trees in the forests, and it extends its range to all India in
suitable localities, being met with occasionally, but rarely, in the

CATALOGUE. 189

plains during the seasons of passage, at which period (that of vernal
migration) I once obtained one in the vicinity of Calcutta, which I
kept for some time alive. Its song is sweet, plaintive, and tolerably
loud, delivered in the manner of a Robin’s song, and its manners are

very like those of a Stone-chat.’’—(Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 152.)

Mr. Jerdon observes: “ I have hitherto only met it perched on
trees in dense and lofty jungle in the Coonoor pass of the Neil-
gherries, on the summit of the hills near Coonoor, and once in the
jungles of Malabar, at no great elevation above the sea. On one
occasion only I observed three or four together; at all other times it
was solitary. Its stomach contained various fruit and berries.” —
(Madr. Journ. L. 8S. X. p. 252.)

257. OROCETES SAX ATILIS, Linn. Sp.
Turdus saxatilis, Zinn., S. N. 1. p. 294. Lath., Hist. V.
p. 30. G. &. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 220.

Orocetes saxatilis, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 165.

Petrocossyphus saxatilis, Boze.
Petrocincla saxatilis, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 297.
Lanius infaustus, Gimel., S. NV. ZL. I. p. 310.
Saxicola montana, Koch.
Rock Thrush, Lath.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Genus Bessonornis, Smith, S. Afr. Journ. (1836).
Cossypua, Vigors, Zool. Journ. II. (1825).
258. BESSONORNIS SEMIRUFA, Riipp.
Bessonornis semirufa, Riipp., Faun. Abyss. p. 81; Syst.
Uebers. p. 44, t. 21. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 220. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 801.
Cossypha nigricapilla, Guerin.
A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.
Genus GrocicuLa, Kuhl., Monogr. Psittac. (1820).
Turpus, Lath. et al.

259. GEOCICHLA CITRINA, Latham Sp.

Turdus citrinus, Lath., ind. Orn. I. p. 350; Gen. Hist.
V. p. 66. Temm., Pl. Col. 445. G. R. Gray, Gen.

190 CATALOGUE.

of Birds, I. p. 220. Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, US.
J. ip: Ve

Geocichla citrina, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVI.
p. 145; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 163. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 268. :

Petrocossyphus citrinus, Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 79.

Turdus Macei, Vievll.

Turdus lividus, Zickell, Journ. A. 8. Beng. II. p. 577.

Geocichla leucura, apud Horsf. McClell., P. Z &
(1839), p. 161.

The Orange-headed Thrush, Lath.

Dama, Beng., Hamilton.

A. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq.

B. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

c. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.

e. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“ This Thrush is to be found the whole year in the neighbourhood
of Calcutta, but isnot very common. It feeds upon insects and small
wild fruits.””—(Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. I. p. 14.)

“« Arrives at Mussooree at an elevation of five thousand feet about
the end of May, and returns to the plains in autumn. It breeds in
June, placing the nest in the forky branches of lofty trees, such as
oak and wild cherry.. Externally, it is sometimes composed of coarse
dry grasses, somewhat neatly interwoven on the sides, but hanging
down in long straggling ends from the bottom. Within this is a
layer of green moss, and another of fine dry woody stalks of small
plants, and a scanty lining at the bottom of fine roots. The eggs
are three to four in number, pale greenish freckled with rufous; the
spots of that colour confluent, and forming a patch at the larger end.
Diameter, 1; x 12 inches. Somewhat gibbous at the larger end.”
“ These are not rock-lovers at all, but true forest birds, building in’
trees, and taking their food upon the ground, where they find it in
berries and insects among the withered leaves, which they expertly
turn over with their beaks, and hence the reason why the beak is
almost invariably clotted with mud or other dirt. I have never seen
these birds except in woods.’’—(Hutton, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVII.
part II. pp. 682, 685.)

CATALOGUE. 191

“Shy, silent, solitary, frequenting thickets in rocky jungles.”—
(Tickell, Journ. A. S. Beng. IL. p. 577.)

260. GHOCICHLA CYANOTA, Jard. et Selby, Sp.

Turdus cyanotus, Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. 1st ser. t. 46.
Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 88. Jerd., Madr. Journ.
DT. 8. X. p. 254.

Geocichla cyanota, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVI.
p. 145; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 168. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 268.

The Blue-backed Thrush, Jerd.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

“ This species is found only in dense jungles. I have seen it in
Goomsoor, in the Malabar Coast, and most numerously in the bamboo
jungles of the Wynaud, though far from being common even there.
It is always found solitary, perched on the lower branches of trees,
and its flight is low and rapid. Feeds chiefly on stony fruit. I never
heard it utter any note.”—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. X. p. 254.)

“ Inhabits the Ghauts. Stony fruit and cicade found in the
stomach.’’—(Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 88.)

261. GHOCICHLA DISSIMILIS, Blyth Sp.

Turdus dissimilis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 144.

Geocichla dissimilis, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 163. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 268.

Calcutta Thrush, Lath., Hist. V. p. 105.

Dest Pawat, Hind., Gibbons. Hamilton, MS.

Mvcuasan, Beng., Id. Id.

A. B. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.
c.d. Drawings. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.
“ Found in Lower Bengal during the cold season, but is not rare.
The bill of a fresh specimen of this species is usually much clotted

with mud ; and is mostly seen on the ground, hopping about among
_ the underwood.”’—(Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 145.)

262. GHOCICHLA INTERPRES, Kuhl.

Turdus interpres, Kuhl. Temm., Pl. Col. 458. G. RB. |
Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 220.

192 CATALOGUE.

Geocichla interpres, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 268.
a. Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. 8. Raffles.

Genus ZoornEra, Vigors, P. Z. 8. (1831), p. 172.
Mytornaaa, Less., Tr. d’ Orn. (1831).

263. ZOOTHERA MONTICOLA, Vigors.

Zoothera monticola, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1881), p. 172.
Gould, Cent. t.22. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 218. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p.79. Blyth, Journ.
A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 141; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 160. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 253.

Turdus rostratus, Hodgs.

The Mountain Zoothera, Gray.

A. B. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

264. ZOOTHERA MARGINATA, Blyth.
Zoothera marginata, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 141; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 160. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 2538.

A. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

Genus OreEoctncLa, Gould, P. Z. S. (1837), p. 145.
Turpvs, Horsf. et al.

265. OREOCINCLA VARIA, Horsf. Sp.
Turdus varius, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 149;
Zool. Res. in Java, t. Lath., Hist. V. p. 91. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 218. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 268.
The Varied Thrush, Lath.
AyaM-AYAMAN, Java, Horsf.

A. B. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

“ Tnhabits the thick forests which cover the mountain Prahu, and,
as far as my observations extend, it never leaves a region elevated
between six and seven thousand feet above the level of the ocean.
On this circumscribed region it is extremely abundant. Its food
consists chiefly of insects and worms. It is easily surprised by the
natives. During my last visit to this mountain, I observed in the
course of a few days a great number of individuals. I never found
it in any other part of Java.””—(Horsf., Zool. Res. in Java.)

CATALOGUE. 193

266. OREOCINCLA DAUMWMA, Lath. Sp.

Turdus Dauma, Lath., Ind. Orn. I. p. 302; Hist. V.
p.95. G. RB. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 218.

Oreocincla Dauma, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 142; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 160.

Turdus Whitei, Hyton, Rarer Brit. Birds, p. 92. Gould,
Birds of Eur., t. 81. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 80.

Oreocincla parvirostris, Gould, P. Z. S. (1837), p. 186.

The Daumah Thrush, Lath.

A. 6. c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.
d. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

“This species appears to be common in the Himalaya, and can
hardly be considered rare in Lower Bengal during the cold season,
when it is generally met with among bamboos. It also occurs in
central and southern India; and, as a rare and accidental straggler,
has been met with in South Britain and Ireland, and some other
parts of the west of Europe.”—(Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XVI.
p- 142.)

267. OREOCINCLA MOLLISSIMA, Blyth Sp.

Turdus mollissimus, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 188.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 218. Hodgs., Cat.
B. Nep. p. 80.

Oreocincla mollissima, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 141; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 160.

Turdus rostratus, Hodgs., Ann. Nat. Hist. XV. p. 326.

Turdus viscivorus et oreocincloides, Hodgs. Gray, Zool.
Mise. (1844), p. 83.

Turdus Hodgson, Homeyer. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 269.

7 a 9 Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
ce. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.

“ This Thrush is common in the vicinity of Darjeeling.”’-- (Blyth,
Journ. A, 8. Beng. XVI. p. 141.)
2¢

194 CATALOGUE.

Genus Turpus, Linn., S. N. (1735).
Txocossypuus, Kaup, Entw. G. Eur. Therw, (1829).

268. TORDUS VISCIVORUS, Linn.
Turdus viscivorus, Zinn., S. N. I. p. 291. Lath., Hist.
V. p.18. Gould, Birds of Eur. t.77. Naum., Voeg.
Eur. t. 66. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 218.
Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 142; Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 160. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 269.

Ixocossyphus viscivorus, Kawp.
The Missel Thrush, Lath.

A. Bengal. From Bax’s Collection.
b.c. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

269 TURDUS STREPITANS, Smith.

Turdus strepitans, Smith, Ill. S. Afr. Zool. Aves, t. 37.
G. Rk. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 219. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 269.

Merula Simensis, Riipp., Faun. Abyss. t. 29, f-1; Syst.
Uebers, p. 60 (juv.).

A. 6. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

270 ZURDUS PILARIS, Linn.
Turdus pilaris, Linn., S. NV. I. p. 291. Lath., Hist. V.
p. 25. Gould, Birds of Eur. t.76. Naum., Vag.
Eur. t. 67. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 218.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.161. Bonap.,
CO. G. Av. p. 269.
Arceuthornis pilaris, Kaup.
The Fieldfare Thrush, Lath.

a. Saharunpore. Presented by Dr. Jameson.

This is the only notice of a specimen of the Fieldfare that has
hitherto been discovered in India.
271. TURDUS RUFICOLLIS, Pallas.

Turdus ruficollis, Pallas, Reise, LI. p. 694. Ib., Zoogr.
I. p. 452, t. 28. Gmel., S. N. L. 1. p. 815: Lath,

CATALOGUE. 195

Hist. V. p. 27. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 219. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep.p.81. Blyth, Journ.
A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 148 ; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p- 161. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 273. ° Gould, B. of
Asia, t. 67.

Turdus erythrurus, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 83.

The Red-necked Thrush, Lath.

A. g (adult). Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

b.c. S (adult and young). Afghanistan. From Griffith’s
Collection.

d.e. & 9. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq,
June, 1853.

“ The following notes respecting this species, transmitted to me
by M. Middendorff of St. Petersburgh, will be read with interest.
‘I first met with small flocks of this bird during the second week
in April, near the river Aldan, in South-eastern Siberia, at about
603° north latitude. They were mingled with and passing through
flocks of Lwrdus fuscatus. About the end of April they began to
couple. They frequented the densest branches of the coniferous
and other trees, and while perched on the tops of the lofty larches,
the males gave utterance to sweet songs, which called to my memory
the melody of our Turdus musicus. Upon proceeding still farther
into the country im a south-eastern direction, I lost sight of this
interesting bird, and it is to be presumed that it does not occur on
the eastern slope of the Stanow6j range.’

“ Pallas states that he frequently observed it in the lofty larch-
forests of Danuria, especially in the neighbourhood of the river
Condam, passing in vast flocks to its winter-quarters, to which
hunger compelled it to proceed through the snow-storms. At

other times it dwells in the densest and most remote solitudes of
the forest.”°—(Gould, Birds of Asia.)

272. TURDUS ATROGULARIS, Temm.

Turdus atrogularis, Zemm., Man. d’ Ornith. p.169. Gould,
B. of Eur. t. 75. G. RB. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 219. Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 80. Blyth, J.
A. §. Beng. XVI. p. 143; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p-1G1. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 278.

196 CATALOGUE. ;

Turdus Bechsteini, Wawm., Voeg. Deutschl. t. 69, f. 1.
Turdus dubius, Bechst.

Rychill Thrush, Lath., Hist. V. p. 105.
Macnreyicua, Dr. Ff. (B.) Hamilton, MS. II. p. 80.~—

A. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
b.c.d. 8 2. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

273. TURDUS JAVANICUS, Horsf.

Turdus javanicus, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 148.
Lath., Hist. V. p.118. G. &. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
IIT. App. p.100. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 143.

Turdus concolor, Temm., Pl. Col.

The Bochrit Thrush, Lath.

Boouarit, Java, Horsf.

A. 6. c. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

Genus Mervta, (Ray) Leach (1816). Bote, [sis (1822).
Turpvus, Linn. et al.

274. MERULA MANDARINA, Bonap. Sp.
Turdus mandarinus, Bonap., Mus. Lugd. et C. G. Av.
p. 275.
Merula vulgaris of China, Auctorwm.
a.b. g (adult and young). China. From Reeve’s Col-
lection.
C. 9. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.

275. MERULA BOULBOUL, Lath. Sp.

Lanius boulboul, Lath., Ind. Orn. Sup. p. 80; Gen. Hist.
II. p. 48. Shaw's Zool. VII. p. 308.

Merula boulboul, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 147; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 162.

Turdus pecilopterus, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1831), p. 54.
Gould, Cent. t.14. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 219. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 81. Bonap., C@.
G. Av. p. 274.

Boulboul Shrike, Lath.

The Grey-winged Thrush, Gray.

CATALOGUE. 197

PAHARIYAMASAIOHA, Beng., Dr. F (B.) Hamilton, MS.
IT. p. 85.
A.b. & 2. Bengal. From Blagrave’s Collection.
c. &. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
d.e 3 9. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.

276. MERULA ALBOCINCTA, Royle Sp.

Turdus albocinctus et albicollis, Royle, Ill. Him. Bot.
t.8, fi 3. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 219.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 81. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 274.

Merula albocincta, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVI.
p. 148; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 162.

Turdus collaris, Sorel, Rev. Zool. (1840), p. 2.

Merula nivicollis, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 83.

The White-collared Thrush, Gray.

A. g. Bengal. Presented by Dr. Royle.
b. ¢. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
c. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.
277. MERULA CASTANEA, Gould.

Merula castanea, Grould, P. Z. S. (1835), p.185. Blyth,
Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI. p.149; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 162.

Turdus castaneus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 219,
t.56. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 81.

Geocichla castanea, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 268.

Turdus rubrocanus, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 82.

The Chestnut-backed Thrush, Gray.

A. 2. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

b. 2. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.

278. MERULA OLIVACEA, Linn. Sp.
Turdus olivaceus, Linn., S. NV. I. p. 292. Lath., Hist.
V. p.69. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 219.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 273.

198 CATALOGUE.

Merula olivacea, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 161.
A. g. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

“ Feeds on grains, and the fruit of a species of Carissa.’’—(Dr.
Roth’s MS.)

Genus Myropuonus, Zemm.

Arrenaa, Less., Tr. d’ Orn. (1831).
Mytopnaea, Less., Tr. d’ Orn. (1831).
Turpvs, Horsf.

279. MYIOPHONUS FLA VIROSTRIS, Horsf: Sp.

Turdus flavirostris, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 149. Lath., Hist. V. p. 91.

Myiophonus flavirostris, Strickl. in epistola. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p.214. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 258.

Myiophonus metallicus, Zemm., Pl. Col. 170.

Yellow-billed Thrush, Lath.

Cuiune, Java, Horsf.

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

280. MYIOPHONUS CYANEUS, Horsf. Sp.

Turdus cyaneus, Horsf., Trans. Lin. Soc. XIII. p. 149;
Zool. Res. in Java, t. Lath., Hist. V. p. 91.

Myiophonus cyaneus, Strickl. in epistoléd. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 214.

Arrenga cyanea, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 258.

Pitta glaucina, Temm., Pl. Col. 194.

Arrenga glaucina, Less., Tr. d’ Orn. p.

ARRENG-ARRENGAN, Java, Horsf.

A. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

“ Like the Oreocincla varia, this bird never descends into the
plains, but conceals itself in the forests which cover the mountains
and hills, from an elevation of 4,000 to 6,000 feet above the level of
the ocean. It has a more extensive range than the Or. varia, but it
is very rarely observed, living retired in the closest forests. During
my residence in Java, I obtained only three individuals of this
species. Its food consists almost exclusively of berries.”—(Horsf.,
Zool. Res. in Jaya.)

CATALOGUE. 199

281. WYIOPHONUS CHRULEUS, Scop. Sp.

Gracula cerulea, Scop.

Myiophouus ceruleus, Strickland. Blyth, App. Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 326.

Myiophonus Temminckii, Vigors, P. Z. 8. (1831), p. 171.
Gould, Cent. t. 21. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 214. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p.78. Blyth, Journ.
A. 8. Beng. XVI. p.154; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 159. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 258.

Myiophonus metallicus, apud Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 83.

Hill Blackbird of Europeans in India.

Custoora, Hills, Royle.

Kuuset, Doon, Shore. Hutton.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
6. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

c.d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.

_ “This is very common throughout the Himalaya, frequenting the
beds of streams in the lower ranges; and its musical whistle
(according to Mr. Vigne) is the sweetest note heard in the hills.’’—
(Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 154.)

“On the 16th June,” observes Captain Hutton, “I took two nests
of this bird, each containing three eggs,and another one containing
three nearly fledged young ones. The nest bears a strong re-
_ semblance to that of the Geocichle, but is much more solid, being
composed of a thick bed of green moss externally, lined first with
long black fibrous lichens, and then with fine roots. Externally the
nest is 81 inches deep, but within only 21 inches; the diameter
about 43 inches, and the thickness of the outer or exposed side is 2
inches. The eggs are three in number, of a greenish ashy, freckled
with minute roseate specks, which become confluent and form a
patch at the larger end; shape ordinarily, and rather gracefully,
ovate; diameter 1,8 x13 in. The elevation at which the nests
were found was from 4,000 to 4,500 feet; but the bird is common,
except during the breeding season, at all elevations up to the snows,
and in the winter it extends its range down into the Doon. In the
breeding season, it is found chiefly in the glens, in the retired depths
of which it constructs its nest; it never, like the Thrushes and

200 CATALOGUE.

Geocichlx, builds in trees or bushes, but selects some high towering
and almost inaccessible rock, forming the side of a deep glen, on the
projecting ledges of which, or in the holes from which small boulders
have fallen, it constructs its nest, and where, unless when assailed
by man, it rears its young in safety, secure alike from the howling
blast and the attack of wild animals. It is known to the natives by
the name of ‘ Kuljet,’ and to Europeans as the ‘ Hill Blackbird.’
The situation in which the nest is placed is quite unlike that of any
other of our Hill Thrushes with which I am acquainted. It is as
often found in open rocky spots on the skirts of the forest, as among
the woods, loving to jump upon some stone or rocky pinnacle, from
whence he sends forth a sort of choking, chattering song, if such it
can be called, or, with an up-jerk of the tail, hops away with a loud
musical whistle, very much after the manner of the Blackbird (AZ.
vulgaris).”’—(Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVII. pt. 2, p. 684.)

282. MYIOPHONUS HORSFIELDII, Vigors.

Myiophonus Horsfieldii, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1831), p. 35.
Gould, Cent. t. 20. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. X.
p. 251. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 214.
Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 154; Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 159.

Arrenga Horsfieldii, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 258.

Horsfield’s Myiophonus, Gray.

a. Locality and Donor unknown.

“J have hitherto only seen this bird twice,’ remarks Mr. Jerdon,
“once in the Trichoor jungle, hopping on the ground like a blackbird,
and again in the Segoor pass of the Neilgherries, flying before me
from tree to tree near the ground. I have also seen a specimen shot
in the Pulney hills, and several procured in the neighbourhood of
Cannanore.”’—(Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 251.)

“This species is confined exclusively to the mountainous parts of
Southern India.”’—(Blyth, J. A. 8. B. XVI. p. 154.)

Subfam. IIT. TIMALINA, Vigors.

Genus Garrutax, Less., Tr. d’Ornith. p. 647 (1831).

Jantuocrineta, Gould, P. Z. S. (1835), p. 47.
Garruiaxis, Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool. (1840).
Craterorus, p. Blyth.

CATALOGUE. 201

283. GARRULAX BELANGERT, Less.

Garrulax Belangeri, Less., Zool. du Voy. de M. Bélanger,
p. 258, ¢t. 4. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 948; XIV. p.598; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 9. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 225.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 370.

Tanthocincla leucolopha, var., Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng.
X. p. 924.

a. Tenasserim. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

284. GARRULAX LEUCOLOPHUS, Hardwicke Sp.

Corvus leucolophus, Hardw., Trans. Linn. Soc. XI. p.208,
t.15. Lath., Hist. II. p. 48.

Garrulax leucolophus, Blyth, Jowrn. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 948; XIV. p. 598; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 95. Hodgs., Cat. Birds Nep. p. 82. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 870.

Cinclosoma leucolophum, G'ould, Cent. of Birds, t. 18.

Crateropus leucolophus, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XI.
p. 179. |

Garrulax leucocephalus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, in
p. 225.

The White-crowned Crow, Hardw.

Laughing Crow of the English residents in India, Gould.

Rawit Kuuy, Hind., Hardw. Lath.

a. Arracan. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

b. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.
c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

“This bird is a native of the forests in the mountains above
Hurdwar. They are found in numbers from twenty to thirty. When
assembled in these parties, the noise they make is more remarkable
than that of the magpie, and so closely resembles the human voice in
loud laughing, that it cannot fail to draw the attention of the
traveller when within hearing of them. It feeds on fruits of the
forest.” —(Hardw., Trans. Lin. Soc. XI. p. 208.)

2d

202 CATALOGUE.

285. GARRULAX CHINENSIS, Scopoli Sp.

Lanius chinensis, Scopoli.

Garrulax chinensis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 598; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 95. fires: =
CO. G. Av. p. 370.

Corvus auritus, Daudin, II. p. 250.

Turdus Shanhu, Gimel., 8S. NV. LZ. I. p. 814.

Garrulax Shanhu, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 225.

Turdus melanopis, Gmel., S. N. L. I. p. 829.

Crateropus leucogenys, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI.
p. 180.

Black-faced Thrush, Lath.

SHanuv, China, Lath.

a. Drawing. From Edward Blyth, Esq.

The following notice, by Mr. R. W. G. Frith, of a specimen of
this bird in confinement, is given by Mr. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XII.
p- 179 bis. “The bird was excessively tame and familiar, and
delighted (like a cockatoo) in being caressed and tickled by the
hand, when it would spread out its wings and assume very singular
attitudes. It was naturally a fine songster, and a most universal
imitator. "Whenever chopped meat or other food was put into its
cage, it always evinced the propensity to deposit the bits one by one
between the wires (a habit in common with the shrikes, and which
is also strikingly manifested by the Kitta venatorius, and sometimes
even by Mynahs); and when a bee or wasp was offered, this bird
would seize it instantly, and invariably turn its tail round and make
the insect sting this several times successively, before eating it. A
large beetle it would place before it on the ground, and pierce it with
a violent downward stroke of the bill; a small snake (about a foot
long) it treated in like manner, transfixing the centre of the head,
it afterwards devoured about half the snake, holding it by one
foot, while it picked it with the bill, as was its common mode of
feeding.”

286. GARRULAX ALBOGULARIS, Gould Sp.
Tanthocincla albogularis, Gould, P. Z. S. (1835), p. 187.
Garrulax albogularis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.

p. 949; XIV. p. 598; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 95. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.. 225.

CATALOGUE. 203

Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 82. -Bonap., C. G.
or Av. p. 371.
Crateropus albogularis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI.
p- 179. .
Cinclosoma albigula, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 146.
_ The White-throated Garrulax, Gray.

a. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.

6. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

c. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

“This is very common in Mussooree at all seasons, and con-
gregates into large and noisy flocks, turning up the dead leaves, and
screaming and chattering together in most discordant concert. It
breeds in April and May, placing the nest in the forks of young
oaks and other trees, about 7 or 8 feet from the ground, though
sometimes higher, and fastening the sides of it firmly to the sup-
porting twigs by tendrils of climbing plants. It is sometimes
composed externally almost entirely of such woody tendrils, inter-
mixed with a few other twigs, and lined with black hair-like fibres of
mosses and lichens; at other times it is externally composed of
coarse dry grasses and leaves of different kinds of orchis, and lined
with fibres, the materials varying with the locality. The eggs are of
a deep and beautiful green, shining as if recently varnished, and
three in number; in shape, they taper somewhat suddenly to the
smaller end, which may almost be termed obtusely pointed; the
diameter, 1,3; x 14 inches. The usual number of eggs is three,
though they vary sometimes to one or two ; but only on one occasion
out of more than a dozen nests, have I found four eggs. The old
bird will remain on the nest until within reach of the hand.”—

(Hutton, J. A. 8. Beng. XVII. pt. II. p. 6.)

287. GARRULAX GULARIS, McClelland Sp.

Janthocinela gularis, McClell., P. Z. 8. (1839), p. 159.

Garrulax gularis, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XII. p. 949 ;
XIV. p. 598; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. App. No. 6,
p- 837.

Crateropus gularis, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XI. p.179.

A. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq.

204 CATALOGUE.

288. GARRULAX PECTORALIS, Gould Sp.

Tanthocinela pectoralis, Gould, P. Z. S. (1835), p. 186.

Garrulax pectoralis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 949; XIV. p. 598; XVI. p. 450; Cat. B. Mus.
A. §. Beng. p.95. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 225. Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p.83. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 371.

Crateropus pectoralis, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XI.
p..Aq,

Cinclosoma grisaure, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 146.

Garrulax melanotis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 949 ; XIII. p. 391.

The Black-gorget Garrulax, Gray.

a. Nepal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

289. GARRULAX MONILIGER, Hodgs. Sp.

Cinclosoma moniliger, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 147.

Garrulax moniliger, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XII.
p. 949; XIV. p. 598; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 96. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 225.
Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 82. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 871.

Crateropus moniligerus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI.
p. 179.

Tanthocincla pectoralis, apud McCtlell., P. Z. S. (1839),
p. 160.

Garrulax McClellandii, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 949; XVI. p. 451.

The Necklaced Garrulax, Gray.

A. and drawing (Jan. pectoralis, apud McCl.). Assam.
Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.
b. c. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

290. GARRULAX PERSPICILLATUS, Gmel. Sp.

Turdus perspicillatus, Gmel., S. WV. L. 1. p. 830. Lath.,
Hist. V. p. 118.

Garrulax perspicillatus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p- 225. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XYI. p. 948;
XIV. p. 598. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 370.

CATALOGUE. 205

The Spectacle Thrush, Lath.
A. Siam. From Finlayson’s Collection.

291. GARRULAX CHRULATUS, Hodgs. Sp.

Cinclosoma cerulatum, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 147.

Garrulax cerulatus, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XII.
p. 951; XIV. p. 599; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p- 96. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 225.
Hodgqs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 82.

Crateropus cerulatus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI.
p. 179.

Tanthocincla cerulata, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 371.

The Blue-sided Garrulax, Gray.

a. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
b. c. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.

292. GARRULAX OCELLATUS, Vigors Sp.

Cinclosoma ocellatum, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1881), p. 55.
Gould, Cent. of Birds, t. 15.

Garrulax ocellatus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p: 951; XIV. p. 599; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 96. G. RB. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 225.
Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 82.

Crateropus ocellatus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI.
p. A479,

Tanthocincla ocellata, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 371.

The Ocellated Garrulax, Gray.

a. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.

b.c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.

2938. GARRULAX RUFICOLLIS, Jardine e Selby Sp.

Janthocincla ruficollis, Jard. et Selb., Ill. Orn. 2nd ser.
t. 21 (1838). Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 371.

Garrulax ruficollis, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XII. p. 950;
XIII. p. 391; XIV. p. 599; Cat. B. Mus. A. SW.
Beng. p.97. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 225.
Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 82.

206 CATALOGUE.

Tanthocincla lunaris, MeClell., P. Z. S. (1839), p. 160.
Corvus Pobduya, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. II. p. 127.
The Rufous-necked Garrulax, Gray.

Pospura, Beng., Hamilton.

A. and Drawing (Zan. lunaris, McCl.). Assam. Pre-
sented by J. McClelland, Esq.

b. c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“This bird sings with a fine, full, mellow note, like a blackbird,
It is easily tamed, and lives on insects, plantains, &c.”’—(Dr. F. (B.)
Hamilton’s MS. IT. p. 127.)

Genus Prerocyctus, G. R. Gray, Genera of Birds, I. p. 226
(1846).

294. PTEROCYCLUS ERYTHROCEPHALUS, Vigors
Sp.

Cinclosoma erythrocephalum, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1831),
p.171. Gould, Cent. of Birds, t. 17.

Pterocyclus erythrocephalus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p. 226. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 372.

Crateropus erythrocephalus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Bong.
AL. op. DPS.

Garrulax erythrocephalus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng.
XII. p. 951; XIV. p. 599; Cat. B. Mus. A. SW.
Beng. p. 97. Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 83.

The Red-headed Pterocyclus, Gray.

a. Nepal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

b. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
c. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

“ This is by no means uncommon in the district of Kumaon, where
it frequents shady ravines, building in hollows in their precipitous
sides, and making its nest of small sticks and fine grasses, the eggs
being four in number, of a sky-blue colour.””—(Shore, MS. Gould
Century.)

295. PTHROCYCLUS CHRYSOPTERUS, Gould Sp.

Tanthocincla chrysoptera, Gould, P. Z. S. (1835), p. 48.

Pterocyclus chrysopterus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 226. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 372.

CATALOGUE. 207

Crateropus chrysopterus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI.
p. 179.

Garrulax chrysopterus, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XII.
p. 951; XIV. p. 599 ; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 97.

Crateropus erythropterus, Hodgs. Gray, Zool. Misc.
(1844), p. 83.

A. B. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

c. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

é. Darjeeling. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

296. PTEROCYCLUS VARIHGATUS, Vigors Sp.

Cinclosoma variegatum, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1831), p. ox
Gould, Cent. of Birds, t. 16.

Pterocyclus variegatus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 226. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 372.

Crateropus variegatus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI.
ps h79:

Garrulax variegatus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 950; XIV. p. 599; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 97. Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 83.

Garrulax Abellei, Less. (fide Gray).

The Variegated Pterocyclus, Gray.

Gauza, Nepal, Hodgs.

A. Bengal. From Bax’s Collection.
b. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
c. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

297. PTHROCYCLUS AFFINIS, Hodgs. Sp.
Garrulax affinis, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 950;
Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 83. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng.
XIV. p. 599; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 97.
Pterocyclus affinis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 226.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 373.

The Allied Pterocyclus, Gray.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
b. c. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853. :

208 CATALOGUE.

298. PTEROCYCLUS CACHINNANS, Jerdon Sp.

Crateropus cachinnans, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X.
p. 255, t. 7. 4

Pterocyclus cachinnans, G: R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1.
p. 226. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 372.

Garrulax cachinnans, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XIV.
p. 599; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p.97.

Crateropus Lafresnayii, dd. Delessert, Voy. dans V Ind.
p. 28.

Crateropus Delessertii, Lafresnaye (nec. Jerdon).

Laughing Thrush of the Neilgherries, Jerd.

A. B. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.

“This noisy bird is to be met with in all the thick woods on the
summit of the Neilgherries, and its loud laughing call is often heard
when the bird itself remains unseen. I have met it in no other
locality. It is sometimes seen in small flocks, but often wanders
about alone, though at no great distance from some of its species,
with whom it continually keeps up a noisy communication as signal
of the direction it is going, or of the abundance of food obtained.
They keep chiefly to the lower branches of trees and brushwood ; on
being observed, they hop and climb up the stem and thick branches
of the nearest large tree, but they do not appear to ascend to the
tops of trees. I occasionally, though rarely, observed them hopping
and feeding on the ground. They fly heavily, and never to any

distance. The cry of the laughing thrush is very peculiar, and, once -

heard, cannot be forgotten ; it has a sort of cracked Punch and Judy
laugh, and is no sooner commenced by one than several others take
up the chorus. The chief food is fruit of various kinds, especially
the pleasant fruit of the Brazil cherry (Physalis tomentosa), now so
abundant in most of the woods in the neighbourhood of Ootacamund.
It also occasionally feeds on caterpillars and other soft-bodied insects.
On one occasion, I found the nest on a bank overhanging the road,
on the top of the Nediwuttum Ghaut of the Neilgherries. It was
made of roots, grass, and moss, and contained four long oval pure
white eggs.” —(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8S. X. p. 255, et Ill. Ind. Orn.)

299. PTEROCYCLUS IMBRICATUS, Blyth Sp.

Garrulax imbricatus, Blyth, Jowrn. A. S. Beng. XII.
p.951; XIV. p.599; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 98.

CATALOGUE. _ 209

Pterocyclus imbricatus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. ~
p. 226. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 372.

A. 6. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c. Drawing. From Edward Blyth, Esq.

300. PTHEROCYCLUS LINEATUS,* Vigors Sp.
Cinclosoma lineatum, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1881), p. 56.
Pterocyclus lineatus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.

p. 226. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 372.

Garrulax lineatus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 951;
XIII. p. 891; XIV. p. 599; Cat. B. Mus. A. SB.
Beng. p. 97. -

Cinclosoma setafer, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 148 (1836).

The Spine-bearing’ Pterocyclus, Gray.

A. Bengal. From Bax’s Collection.
b. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
ce. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

“This bird is met with in pairs, sometimes in a family of four or
five, and may be seen under every bush. The nest is placed near
the ground in the midst of some thick low bush, or on the side of a
bank amidst overhanging coarse grass, and not unfrequently in
exposed and well-frequented places; it is loosely and rather slovenly
constructed of coarse dry grasses and stalks externally, lined some-
times with fine grass, sometimes with fine roots. The eggs are
three in number, and in shape and size exceedingly variable, being
sometimes of an ordinary oval, at others nearly round. Diameter
varying, 1-2>x 1%, or 1 inch x 11, or 14x14; the most usual
measurement, however, is the second one, or 1 inch x 14 inches.’”’—

(Hutton, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XVII. pt. IL. p. 7.)

Genus Krropia, G. R. Gray, List of Genera of Birds (1840).
TurnaGra ? Less., Compl. de Buff. VIII. p. 216 (1837).

301. KEROPIA STRIATA, Vigors Sp.
Garrulus striatus, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1830), p. 7. Gould,
Cent. of Birds, t. 37.
Keropia striata, G. R. Gray, List of Gen. of Birds.

* «The stomach of this bird reaches the form of a true gizzard almost.”—
(Hodgs., As. Res.)
2 ¢

210 CATALOGUE,

Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 178. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 874. ;
Turnagra ? striata, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 227.
Hodgs., Oat. Birds of Nep. p. 85. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 95.
The Striated Keropia, Gray.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

b. Bengal. From Bax’s Collection.

c.d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
Tao.

Genus T'rocnaLopreron, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 952 (1843). G. RB. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 225
(1846).

802. TROCHALOPTERON PH@NICEUM, Gould Sp.
Tanthocincla pheenicea, Gould, Icones Avium, t. 3.
Trochalopteron phceniceum, Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep.
p. 83. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 226.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 372.

Garrulax pheeniceus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 951; XIV. p. 599; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 94.

Crateropus puniceus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI.
p. 180.

The Fire-coloured Trochalopteron, Gray.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

B. Darjeeling. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

c.d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.

e. Drawing. From Edward Blyth, Esq.

3038. TROCHALOPTERON RUFOGULARE, Gould Sp.
Tanthocincla rufogularis, Gould, P. Z. S. (1835), p. 48.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 871.
Trochalopteron rufogulare, Hodgs., Oat. Birds of Nep.
p. 84. G. BR. Gray. Gen. of Birds, I. p. 226.
Garrulax rufogularis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.

CATALOGUE. 211

p. 951; XIV. p. 599; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p. 96.
Cinclosoma rufimenta, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 148.
The Red-throated Trochalopteron, Gray.

A. 6. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

“This species appears usually in pairs, sometimes in a family of
four or five. It breeds in May, in which month I took a nest at about
6,500 feet elevation, in a retired and wooded glen: it was composed
of small twigs externally, and lined with the fine black fibres of
lichens. The nest was placed on a horizontal bough about 7 feet
from the ground, and contained three pure white eggs. Diameter

32; X +4; and shape ordinary. The stomach of the old bird contained
sand, seed, and the remains of wasps.’”—(Hutton, Journ. A. S.
Beng. XVII. pt. IT. p. 6.)

304. TROCHALOPTERON SINENSE, Linn. Sp.
Turdus sinensis, Linn., S. NV. I. p. 295. Gimel., S. N. L.
I. p. 829. Lath., Hist. V. p. 107.
Garrulax sinensis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 295.
Chinese Thrush, Lath.
Hoamy or Hova-ma, China, Lath.

a. China. From Reeves’s Collection.

305. TROCHALOPTERON SQUAMATUM, Gould Sp.

Tanthocincla squamata, Gould, P. Z. S. (1885), p. 48.
Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. 2nd ser. t. 4 (1836).

Trochalopteron squamatum, Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep.
p. 83. G. Rk. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 226.

Garrulax squamatus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 951; XIV. p. 599; Cat. B: Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 96.

Cinclosoma melanura, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 147.

The Black Scaly Trochalopteron, Gray.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
b. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

306. TROCHALOPTERON SUBUNICOLOKR, Hodgs.
Trochalopteron subunicolor, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng.

212 CATALOGUE.

XII. p. 952; Ann. Nat. Hist. XV. p. 326; Cat.

Birds of Nep. p. 84. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds. I.
p. 226. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 372.

Garrulax subunicolor, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 599; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.*p. 96. .
The Yellow-winged Trochalopteron, Gray.

a. b. c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.

Genus ActinopurRA, Gould, P. Z. S. (1836), p. 17.

Letocincua, Blyth, Journ. A.S. Beng. XII. p. 953 (1848).
Ixops, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 84.

307. ACTINODURA EGERTONT, Gould.
Actinodura Egertoni, Gould, P. Z. S. (1836), p. 18.
Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 84. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 226. Fraser, Zool. Typ. t. 40.

Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.98. Bonap.
C. G. Av. p. 378.

Leiocincla plumosa, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XII.
p. 953; XIV. p. 600.

Ixops rufifrons, Hodgs., IS.
Egerton’s Actinodura, Gray.

a.b. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.
c.d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1858.
308. ACTINODURA NIPALENSIS, Hodgs. Sp.
Cinclosoma nipalensis, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 145.

Actinodura nipalensis, Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 84.

G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 226. Blyth, Cat.
'B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 98.

Ixops nipalensis, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 84.

The Nepal Actinodura, Gray.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
b. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.

c.d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.

CATALOGUE. 213

The birds composing the above genera of this sub-family “ are
gregarious, noisy, and alert. They frequent the deep and dank
forests and groves exclusively; procure the greater part of their
food on the ground; use the trees but for security when disturbed,
for nidification, and for occasionally eking out their repasts with
berries, pulpy fruits, and caterpillars, and are, for the most part,
incapable of a sustained flight. Their habitat is very extensive,
since they are almost equally common in the southern, central, and
northern regions of Nepal and the Himalayas, and in the valleys
alike, as on the tops of the mountains. In all situations, however,
woodlands are indispensable to them, both for food and shelter,
especially the latter, their retreat being a mere succession of hops
from tree to tree, after the manner of the magpies. Most of them
have a good deal of the mixed weariness and familiarity, as well as of
the noisiness and congregational habits of the Corvide ; and, though
they never quit the deep woodlands, those persons who pass through
such places perpetually encounter them on the roads and pathways,
to which these birds are attracted by the dung of cattle, for the
grain, larve, and insects it affords them. They are, on the whole,
rather insectivorous than frugivorous, baccivorous, or graminivorous; ~
but they eat a deal of grain and hard seeds, with gravel to digest it,
and must, from the universality of their regimen, be classed among
the omnivores. They are distinguished from the Thrushes by their
avoidance of rills and swamps, and they are more capable of a
graminivorous diet than that group. They scrape the earth with
their bill, and sometimes also with their feet, in the manner of the
Rasores. Many of the species are caged and tamed with facility,
and they are more often turned loose into walled gardens, whence
they seldom attempt to escape, if there be a considerable number of
trees, and where they are of great service in destroying pup, larve,
and perfect insects, especially those which are generated, or feed, in
manure.

In the Minister’s garden at Cathmandu, there were always several
scores of G. leucolophus; and in that of his nephew, many individuals
of each of the following species, G. albogularis, moniligera, ocellatus,

P. erythrocephalus, and T. rufogulare.’’—(Hodgson, As. Res. XIX.
p-. 144.)

Genus Conostoma, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. X. p. 856 (1841).
309. CONOSTOMA AMODIUNM, Hodgs.
Conostoma emodius, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. X.

214 CATALOGUE.

p. 857, t. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 578;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.101. G. &. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, II. p. 312.

Conostoma emodium, Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 102.
Bonap., OC. G. Av. p. 368. Gould, Birds of Asia,
t. 84. .

A. B. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“ These birds inhabit the northern region of Nepal, close to the
perpetual snows. They are shy foresters, adhering to the wilds, and
tenanting the skirts of forests, where brushwood as well as trees
abound. Five or six birds are usually found together, chattering,
hopping, and scraping on the ground, and resorting to the trees and
shrubs chiefly for shelter. Their food is principally insects of the
soft and imperfect kind in summer, but in winter they doubt.ess
take some vegetable food.”—(Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. X. p. 857.)

Genus CratERopus, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. p.487 (1831).

310. CRATHROPUS LIMBATUS, Riippell.

Crateropus limbatus, Riipp., Syst. Uebers. p.48. Bonap.,
OG. G. Ad. p. 278.

A. g. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Genus CincLosoma, Vigors et Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XV.
p. 219 (1825).
311. CINCLOSOMA PUNCTATUM, Latham Sp.

Turdus punctatus, Lath., Ind. Orn. Sup. p. xliv; Gen.
Hist. V. p. 180.

Cinclosoma punctatum, Vigors et Horsf, Trans. Linn.
Soc. XV. p. 220. Gould, Birds of Austr. t.4. G.
Rk. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 224. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.139. Bonap., 0. G. Av. p. 278.

Punctated Thrush, Lath.

Spotted Ground-Thrush, Gould.

a. 6. Australia. From Mr. George Fradgley.

“ This bird is distributed over the whole of Van Diemen’s Land
and the eastern portion of Australia, from Moreton Bay to Spencer’s
Gulf, to the westward of which I have never been able to trace it,
and I have therefore reason to believe that this is the limit of its

CATALOGUE. 915

range in that direction. It is everywhere a stationary species.
During my researches in South Australia, I found it sparingly
dispersed over the country, in such localities as are suitable to its
habits, between the great bend of the Murray and Lake Alexandrina ;
this, therefore, would seem to be the border-line of their range on
either hand. |

“The Spotted Ground-Thrush gives a decided preference to low
stony hills and rocky gullies, particularly those covered with scrubs
and grasses. Its flight is very limited, and this power is rarely
employed except for the purpose of crossing a gully or passing to
a neighbouring shrub. It readily eludes pursuit by the facility with
which it runs over the stony surface, and conceals itself among the
underwood. When suddenly flushed, it rises with a loud burring
noise, like the Quail or Partridge. Its short flight is performed by
a succession of undulations, and is terminated by the bird pitching
abruptly to the ground almost at right angles. It seldom perches
on the smaller branches of trees, but may be frequently seen to run
along the fallen trunks so common in the Australian forests. Its
note merely consists of a low piping whistle, frequently repeated
while among the underwood, and by which its presence is often
indicated. In Hobart Town it is frequently exposed for sale in the
markets with Bronze-winged Pigeons and Wattle-birds, where it is
known by the name of Ground Dove, an appellation which has
doubtless been given both from its habit of running and feeding on
the ground like the Pigeons, and the circumstance of its flesh being
very delicate eating: to its excellence in this respect I can bear
testimony. The pectoral muscles are very largely developed, and
the body, when plucked, has much the contour of a Quail. The
duty of incubation is performed in October and the three following
months, during which period two and often three broods are pro-
duced. The nest is a slight and rather careless structure, composed
of leaves and the inner bark of trees, and is of a round and open
form. It is always placed on the ground, under the shelter of a
large stone, stump of a tree, or a tuft of grass. The eggs are two,
and sometimes three, one inch and three lines long, and are white,
blotched with large marks of olive-brown, particularly at the larger
end, some of the spots appearing as if on the inner surface of the
shell. The young, which at two days old are thickly clothed with
long black down, like the young of the genus Rallus, soon acquire
the power of running, and at an early age assume the plumage of the
adult, after which they are subject to no periodical change in their

216 CATALOGUE.

appearance. The stomach is very muscular, and in those dissected
were found the remains of seeds and caterpillars, mingled with sand.”
—(Gould, Birds of Australia.)

Genus S1pra, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. VIII. p. 37 (1839).
Aucorus, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. X. p. 27 (1841).

Herrropuasia, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XI. p. 186
(1842).

312. SIBIA PICAOIDES, Hodgs.

Sibia picaoides, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. VIII. p. 38.
Hodqs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 88. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 238. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A.
S. Beng. p. 98.

Actinodura picaoides, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 958.

Alcopus picaoides, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 83. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 260.

Heterophasia cuculopsis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. X1.
p. 187.

The Pie-like Sibia, Hodgs.

Sipya, Nepal, Hodgs.

A. 6. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

313. SIBIA GRACILIS, McClelland, Sp.

Hypsipetes gracilis, WcClell., P. Z. S. (1839), p. 159.

Sibia gracilis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 449 ;
XX. p. 521; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. App. p. vii.
G. Rk. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 238.

Actinodura gracilis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 958.

Alecopus gracilis, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 260.

A. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-

land, Esq.
B. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

314. SIBIA CAPISTRATA, Vigors, Sp.
Cinclosoma capistratum, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1881), p. 56.
Sibia capistrata, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 288.

CATALOGUE. 217

Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 88. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus.
A. 8. Beng. p. 98.

Garrulax capistratus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 951.

Alcopus capistratus, Bonap., O. G. Av. p. 260.

Sibia nigriceps, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8S. Beng. VIII. p. 88.
Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 600.

Alcopus nigriceps, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng XI. p. 182.

Actinodura nigriceps, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 958.

The Black-headed Sibia, Gray.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

6. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

c.d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.

“‘ At Mussooree this bird remains at an elevation of 7,000 feet
throughout the year, but I never saw it under 6,500 feet. Its
loud, ringing note of ¢ittéreé-tittéreé twééyd, quickly repeated, may
constantly be heard on wooded banks during summer. It breeds in
May, making a neat nest of coarse dry grasses as a foundation,
covered laterally with green moss and wool, and lined with fine
roots. The number of eggs I did not ascertain, as the nest was
destroyed when only one had been deposited, but the colour is pale
bluish-white, freckled with rufous. The nest was placed on a branch
of a plum-tree in the botanical garden at Mussooree.’’— (Captain
Hutton, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVII. part IL. p. 687.)

Genus Matacocircus, Swadnson, Zool. Ill. 2nd ser. (1832).

315. MALACOCIRCUS SUBRULFTS, Jerdon Sp.

Timalia subrufa, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8S. X. p. 259.

Malacocircus subrufus, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XIII.
p- 869; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.141. Jerdon,
Ill. Ind. Orn. p. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 378.

Timalia peecilorhyneha, De Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool. (1840),
p. 68.

The Rufous-bellied Babbler, Jerd.

JuneLtI Kér, Hind., Jerd.

A. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.
2f

218 CATALOGUE.

“ This species is only found in thick jungle. I have seen it in the
bamboo jungles of the Wynaad, near Manantoddy, and along the
edges of the Western Ghauts, and once at Coonoor, on the edge of
the Neilgherry Hills. It has similar habits to the others, feeding on
the ground, and on being disturbed retreating to the thick clumps
of bamboos, through which they make their way with much adroit-
ness, chattering all the while, and generally contrive to conceal them-
selves from view. Their note is similar in character, though quite
distinct from any of its congeners.’’—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8.
X. p. 259.)

316. MALACOCIRCUS MALCOLM, Sykes Sp.

Timalia Malcolmi, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 88; Journ.
A. 8. Beng. III. p. 536. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8.
X. p. 257. G. RB. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 228.
Fraser, Zool. Typ. t. 41.

Malacocircus Malcolmi, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII.
p. 869; XVI. p. 454; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p. 141. Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn. p. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 373.

Garrulus albifrons, G. & H., Ill. Ind. Zool. II. ¢. 36,
F. 1 (1884).

Pale-eared Thrush, Lath., Hist. V. p. 109.

Large Babbler, Jerd.

Guogcuoyen, Hind., Jerd.

Goveya, Canarese, Jerd.

Gowa SEEDA, and sometimes VERREE CHEENDA, or
Mad Babbler, Teloogoo, Jerd.

Koxuttez, Mahr., Sykes.

A. b. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

“The Ghoghoye has a peculiar distribution. In the south of India
it is only found on the elevated table-lands; I have observed it on
the Neilgherries near Coonoor and Kotagherry, in low bushy ground,
and seen specimens from the Shevaroy Hills near Salem. It is not
found in the Carnatic, Northern Circars, nor in the more southern
parts of the Deccan, but towards the north begins to occur more
frequently, and at Jaulnah is very common. It frequents topes in
the neighbourhood of villages and cultivation, also occasionally low
and open jungle. Lives in small troops, feeding chiefly on the
ground, especially around the trunks of large trees. It keeps up a

CATALOGUE. 219

continual chattering, occasionally changed to a louder ery, resembling
‘ quey, quey, quey, quo, quo, pronounced very gutturally. Its flight
is feeble and straggling. Mr. Elliott says: ‘When the Shikra
(Micronisus badius) is flown at them, they defend each other with
great courage, mobbing the hawk, and endeavouring to release the
one she has seized.’ Feeds on various grains, seeds, and insects, chiefly
grasshoppers; I have seen one attempt in vain to catch a grasshopper
on the wing.’”’—(Jerd. Madr. Journ. L. 8S. X. p. 257.)

“ Congregates in flocks of ten or a dozen, flying low, slowly, and
with difficulty ; never ceases chattering, and all at the same time.”—
(Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 88.)

317. MALACOCIRCUS SOMERVILLET, Sykes Sp.

Timalia Somervillei, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 89; Journ.
A. S. Beng. Il. p. 586. Jerd., Madr. Fesipey: Le 8.
X. p. 257. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 228.

- Malacocircus Somervillei, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIII.

p. 868. Jerd., Lll. Ind. Orn. p.

Malacocireus malabaricus, Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn. p.

Malacocireus orientalis, Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn. p.

Gracula chatarrhea, Dr. Ff. (B.) Hamilton, MS. I. p. 17.

Jungle Grey-Babbler, Jerd.

JuNG@LI Ktr or Kayr, Hind., Jerd.

Peppa or ADAVEE SEEDA, Telinga, Jerd.

A. (M. Somerville, Sykes.) Dukhun. Presented by
Colonel Sykes.

b. (Ditto, and identical with M. malabaricus, Jerd.)
Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

c. (M. malabaricus, Jerd.) 8. India. Presented by the
Asiatic Society of Bengal.

d. (M. orientalis, Jerd.) 8. India. Presented by the
Asiatic Society of Bengal.

e. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.

f. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“This is always found in tolerably dense jungle, and never in open
country. Itis far from being uncommon in most jungles. I have
seen it in Goomsoor, in the ‘Tondiman’s country, in the Carnatic,
and in most of the jungles of the west coast. I have also procured
it in a densely-wooded nullah, in low jungly country, in the neigh-

220 CATALOGUE.

bourhood of Jaulnah. It has similar habits to others of the genus ;
living in tolerably numerous and noisy troops, and feeding on various
grains and seeds.” —(Jerd. Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 257.)

318. MALACOCIRCUS CANORUS, Linn. Sp.

Turdus canorus, Linn., 8. N. I. p. 293.

Malacocireus canorus, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 373.

Merula bengalensis, Briss., Orn. IL. p. 260.

Malacocireus bengalensis, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S.
Beng. p. 140.

Pastor terricolor, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. V. p. 771.

Malacocireus terricolor, Blyth, Ann. N. H. XII. p. 97;
Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 367. Jerd., Lil. Ind.
Orn. p.

Crying Thrush, Lath.

SAt Buat (‘Seven Brothers’), Hind., Pearson.

CHATARRHEA, Beng., Blyth.

Preneya Marna, Hind., Hodgs.

Ganeual, Muttra, Blyth.

a. Bengal. From Lloyd’s Collection.
6. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

c. d. (M. terricolor, Hodgs.) Nepal. Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

“A most abundant and conspicuous species in Bengal and Nepal.
This is the Sat Bhai, or Seven Brothers, of the natives, so called from
being always found in a company of about that number. It is one
of the most chattering, noisiest birds in India, squeaking and
hopping about, now on the ground, then upon a tree, the flock being
constantly on the move; when one starts, all the rest follow it, one
after another, making generally but a short flight of not more than
forty or fifty yards at a time, and when alighted they hold a sort of
consultation, hopping about and chattering all the time, till after a
few minutes they move off to another tree, and so on for the greater
part of the day, rarely staying for more than half an hour in the same
place. They feed on insects.’’—(Pearson, J. A. 8S. B. X. p. 650.)

319. MALACOCIRCUS GRISEUS, Gmel. Sp.

Turdus griseus, Gmel., 8S. VW. L. I. p. 824. Lath., Hist.
V. p. 73.

CATALOGUE. 221

Malacocircus griseus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII.
p. 368; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.141. Jerd.,
Til. Ind. Orn. t.19. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 378.

Timalia grisea, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. X. p. 258. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 228.

Grey Thrush, Lath.

White-headed Babbler, Jerd.

Dirt-bird, of the English in India, Jerd.

Fouille-merde, of the French in India, Jerd. -

Kauyr, Hind., Jerd.

Cuinpa or Srpa, Teloogoo, Jerd.

Kutta Kooravi (‘ Hedge-bird ’), Tamool, Jerd.

Kuuiyan, Malayalum, Jerd.

A. §. India. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

“The White-headed Babbler is found throughout the Carnatic,
extending on the one side into the Northern Circars, and on the
west into the neighbouring portions of the table-land, to a greater
or less distance. It is extremely common and abundant in the
Carnatic, and is to be found in every hedge, avenue, and garden.
Like the others of its genus, it always associates in families of six,
seven, eight, or more; even in the breeding season, the parent birds
feeding in company with their former companions. One may be
seen suddenly dropping to the ground from some tree, and is followed
in succession, though perhaps not immediately, by each of the flock.
They hop about, turning over fallen leaves, and examining all the
herbage around the base of trees, a very favourite spot, or on a
hedge-side, never venturing to any distance from cover, being aware
of their tardy powers of flight. They are occasionally seen seeking
insects or grain from heaps of dung, whence they have received their
common denomination, as well from the French (Powille-merde), as
from the English (Dirt-bird), who are on this account prejudiced
against them. They generally feed at some little distance apart from
each other, but now and then, if a richer prize than usual is spied
out, two or more will meet and struggle for it; and now and then,
one of them will make a clumsy flight after a grasshopper, seeking
safety by its wings, and not unfrequently eluding its awkward pur-
suer. On being driven from the ground, or leaving it from choice,
their hunger being satisfied, they fly up to the nearest tree, hopping

222 CATALOGUE.

and climbing up the larger branches, and if you happen to be
watching them, they do not stop till they have reached the top, or
the opposite side, whence they fly off in single and extended file as
before. They often appear to pick insects off the branches of trees.
They are familiar, if undisturbed, feeding often close to houses, but
if watched or followed, they become circumspect, disperse, and hide
themselves. Their cry is a loud sibilous or whispering sort of
chatter, which they repeat all at once, sometimes when feeding, or
when any unusual sight attracts their attention, and often without
any apparent object at all. They have no song. Their flight is slow —
and laborious, performed by a few rapid strokes of the wings, alter-
nating with a sailing with outspread pinions. I have often found
the nest of this bird, which is composed of.small twigs and roots
carelessly and loosely put together, in general at no great height
from the ground : it lays three or four blue eggs. I have found them
breeding at all times from January to July, and even later, but do
not know if they ever have two broods in the year. The Black and
White Cuckoo (Oxylophus edolius) appears to select this bird to act
as foster-parent to her own progeny, and she lays a greenish-blue
egg. They are readily caught by a spring trap, baited with grain,
with one of their kind put in the centre as a lure. The Shikra or
Chipka (INcronisus badius) is sometimes flown at them, and causes
a general consternation ; after the first burst of alarm and gabbling,
they cease their chattering, separate, and disperse, and do not, like
the bolder Mahratta Babbler (JZ. Jalcolmi), come to the rescue of
their unfortunate companion.”’—(Jerd. Ill. Ind. Orn.)

320. MALACOCIRCUS NIPALENSIS, Hodgs.
Timalia nipalensis, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 182.
Malacocircus nipalensis, Blyth, Jowrn. A. S. Beng. XIII.
p- 870; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.140. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 8738.
Timalia pellotis, ds. Res. XIX. p. 182.
Timalia leucotis, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 83.
The Nepal Babbler.
a. (JT. leucotis, Hodgs.) Nepal. Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq.
321. MALACOCIRCUS EARLE, Blyth.

Malacocircus Earlei, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII.
p. 869, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.141.. G. BR.

CATALOGUE. 223

Gray, Gen. of Birds, IYI. App. p.10. Jerd., Lil.
Ind. Orn. p. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 378.
Malacocireus geochrous, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 83.
Burra Poenaa, Hind., Tickell.

a. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

** Common in heavy reed and grass jungle in Bengal, and is also
numerous in Nepal.’’—(Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 369.) |

“ Nest hemispherical; composed of grasses, rather loosely inter-
woven: generally on bushes in jungle. Eggs from 2 to 4; 22x11;
rather lengthened in shape; clear full verditer blue. June.”—
(Capt. Tickell, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVII. p. 301.)

322. MALACOCIRCUS CAUDATUS, Dumeril Sp.

Cossyphus caudatus, Dumeril.

Malacocircus caudatus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p. 141. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 3738.

Timalia caudata, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 228.

Timalia chatarrheea, Franklin, P. Z. S. (1831), p. 118;
Journ. A. S. Beng. I. p. 318. Sykes, P. Z. SW.
(18382), p. 89. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 260.

Malacocircus chatarrheea, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIII.
p. 369. Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn. p.

Striated Babbler, Jerd.

Doumnrt, Hind., Jerd.

Hont, Tamul ? Jerd. :

Hepo and Laina, Scinde, Blyth.

CHEELCHEL, Plains, Royle.

Cuota Puenea, Tickell.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
B. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.
C. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

“The Dumri is found all over the Peninsula, in the open plains
when covered with a few scattered bushes, or in low but thin jungle.
It is a shy and wary bird, flying before you from bush to bush, and
having a whistling sort of cry, which it is frequently heard repeating.
It flies low, and, like others of the genus, alternately with a few rapid
beats of the wing, and a sailing with outstretched wings. Feeds on

224 CATALOGUE.

various insects, caterpillars, and grubs.’’ (Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8.
X. p. 260.)

“ Nest precisely the same as the foregoing. Eggs also, but the
size somewhat less, 38 x 8 June.’’—(Capt. Tickell, Journ. A. S.
Beng. XVII. p. 301.)

Genus PELLorNEUM, Svwains., Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 487 (1831).
Cixciipia, Gould, P. Z. S. (1837), p. 136.
Hemirpteron, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 83.

323. PELLORNEUM RUFICEPS, Swains.

Pellorneum ruficeps, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 487.
Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 883 ; XIII. p. 372;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 145. G. R. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, I. p. 227. Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 85.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 219.

Megalurus ruficeps, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 91.

Motacilla dumeticola, Tickell, Journ. A. S. Beng. II.
p. 576 (1833).

Cinclidia punctata, Gould, P. Z. S. (1837), p. 187.

Pellorneum olivaceum, Jerd., Madr., Journ. X. p. 255.

Hemipteron nipalense, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p- 83.

Red-headed Babbler, Jerd.

Thicket Warbler, Tickell.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes. -
b.c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.

“ This curious little bird,’ observes Mr. Jerdon, “I have met in
the jungles of Trichoor, Wurguncherry, and Manantoddy: but it is by
no means common. It associates in small flocks, among the low
shrubs and thickets in lofty jungle, descending to the ground, where
it hops about in search of various insects, and from thence running
up and climbing the small branches, keeping up a continual chattering,
and every now and then one of them, perched on a low bough,
elevating his head and neck, and giving utterance to a sort of
crowing laugh, very similar to that of Pterocyclus cachinnans. On
being disturbed, they retreat through the trees and underwood, at
no great height from the ground; and indeed they never appear to
climb to any height.”,—(Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 255.)

T° OE

CATALOGUE: 225

Colonel Sykes remarks, “ Black ants only found in the stomach.”
—(P. Z. 8S. 1832, p. 91.)

Genus Turpinus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 382
(1844).

324. TURDINUS MACRODACTYLUS, Strickland Sp.
Malacopteron macrodactylum, Strickl., Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. XIII. p. 417; P. Z. 8. (1846), p. 103.
Turdinus macrodactylus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII.
p. 382; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 147. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 219.

Macronus macrodactylus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 210.

Brachypteryx albogularis, Hartlaub, Rev. Zool. (1844),
p. 401.

Tana, Malay, Blyth.

a. b. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.

Genus Macronus, Jard. et Selby, Il. Orn. (1835), p.

325. MACRONUS PTILOSUS, Jardine et Selby.
Macronus ptilosus, Jard. et Selb., Ill. Orn. ¢. 150 (1835).
Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 795; Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. Beng. p. 149. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 210. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 218.
Timalia trichorros, Temm., Pl. Col. 594, f. 1 (1886).
Burone Tanat-vupan, Malay, Blyth.

A. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S. Raffles (2).
b. Singapore. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

Genus Matacoprgeron, Lyton, P. Z. S. (1839), p. 103.

326. MALACOPTERON MAGNUM, Eyton.
Malacopteron magnum, ZHyton, P. Z. 8. (1839), p. 103.
G. &h. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 209. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 259.
Malacopteron majus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 461;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 148, App. p. xxi.
Burone Map, Malay, Eyton.

A. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.
29

226 CATALOGUE.

327. MALACOPTERON CORONATUM, Miller Sp.
Napothera coronata, Miller.
Malacopteron magnum, apud Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Hag
XVI. p. 461.

a. Malacca. Purchased.

Genus Tricnastoma, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 795 (1842).
Matacocincta, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 600.

328. TRICHASIT'OMA BICOLOR, Less. Sp.
Brachypteryx bicolor, Less., Rev. Zool. (1839), p. 138.
Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 385.
Trichastoma bicolor, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S&. Bae.
p- 147. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 259.
Macronus bicolor, G. &. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 210.
Trichastoma ferruginosum, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIII.
p- 383.

a. b. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.

Genus Aucippe, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 384 (1844).
Setanta, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. X11. p. 385.

329. ALCIPPE SEPIARIA, Horsf. Sp.

Brachypteryx sepiaria, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p- 158. Lath. Hast. Vil. p. 125. G. BR. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 209.

Alcippe sepiaria, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 384;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.148. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 260.

CuicHoHAN, Java, Horsf.

A. 6. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

030. ALCIPPE NIPALENSIS, Hodgs. Sp.
Siva nipalensis, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. (1838), p. 89; Cat. B.
of Nep. p. 95.
Alcippe nipalensis, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. pp. 448,
462 ; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.148. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 260.
Iéropus nipalensis, Hodgs., J. A. 8. Beng. XIITi. p. 937.

a. b.c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

CATALOGUE. 22:7

Genus Cutia, Hodgs., Journ A. 8S. Beng. V. p. 772 (1836).
Huterornis, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. X. p. 27
(1841).

331. CUTIA NIPALENSIS, Hodgs.

Cutia nipalensis, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. V. p. 774;
VI. p. 112; Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 96. Blyth, Journ.
A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 183; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p. 98. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, \11. App. p. 15.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 3738.

The Nepal Cutia, Hodgs.

Katya or Knurya, Nepal, Hodgs.

a.b.c. 8 9. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
July, 1853.
D. 2. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

“These birds inhabit the central and northern regions of Nepal,
adhering to the wilds; and feed on hard seeds and hard ground
insects.”’—(Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. V. p. 774.)

Genus Timatia, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 150 (1820).

382. TIMALIA PILEATA, Horsf.
Timalia pileata, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 151 ;
Zool. Res. m Java, t. Lath. Hist. V. p. 171.
McClelland, P. Z. S. (1839), p. 161. G. BR. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 228. Hodgs., Cat. Birds of
Nep. p. 85. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 149. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 216.
Pileated Thrush, Lath.
Dawit seu Goago-stitE, Java, Horsf.
A. B, Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
c. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq.
d. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.
e. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.
“This is not unfrequent in the groves and small woods which
abound in every part of Java. It often approaches the villages and

plantations, and it constructs its nest in the hedges; it is one of the
social birds which delight to dwell in the neighbourhood of culti-

228 CATALOGUE.

vation. In large forests, I have not observed it. Its flight is low
and interrupted. Wherever it resides it is a welcome neighbour, in
consequence of the peculiarity and pleasantness of its note. This
consists of a slow repetition of the five tones of the diatonic scale
(C D E F G), which it chants with perfect regularity, several times
in succession, and at small intervals of time. The sixth tone is
sometimes added; but as this requires apparently an extraordinary
effort, it is by no means so agreeable to a musical ear as the simple
repetition of five notes, which appears to be the natural compass of
the organs of the bird.’’—(Horsf. Zool. Res. in Java.)

339. TIMALIA THORACICA, Temm. Sp.
Pitta thoracica, Temm., Pl. Col. 76.
Timalia thoracica, Swains. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng.
XI. p. 795. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 228.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 217.
A. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. 8S. Raffles.

334. TIMALIA MACULATA, Temm.

Timalia maculata, Zemm., Pl. Col. 593, fi 1. G. RB.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 228. Bonap., C. G. Av.
pe 217.

Timalia pectoralis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 798 ;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 149.

Malacopteron squamatum, Hyton.

PampanG, Malay, Hyton.

A. b. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.
c. Drawing. From Edward Blyth, Esq.

335. TIMALIA NIGRICOLLIS, Temm.

Timalia nigricollis, Zemm., Pl. Col. 594, f. 2. G. BR.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 228. Strickl., P. Z. 8.
(1846), p. 103. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p.149. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 149.

Timalia erythronota, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XI.
p. 793.

Brachypteryx nigrogularis, Eyton.

Burone Tanau, Malay, Hyton.

a. b. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Ksq.
c. Drawing. From Edward Blyth, Esq.

CATALOGUE. 229

336. TIMALIA ERYTHROPTERA, Blyth.
Timalia erythroptera, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI.
p. 794; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.150. Strickl.,
P. Z. 8. (1846), p. 108.
Timalia pyrrhophea, Hartlaub (fide Blyth).
Brachypteryx acutirostris, Hyton.
Timalia pyrrhoptera, (Bote) apud Bonap., 0. G. Av.
pe 2a.
a. b. Malacca. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.
c. Drawing. From Edward Blyth, Ksq.

Genus Mixornis, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 380
(1844) ; P. ZS. (1845), p. 23.

337. MIXORNIS GULARIS, Raffles Sp.

Motacilla gularis, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 312.

Mixornis gularis, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XI. p. 794;
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.149. Hodgs. P. Z. 8.
(1845), p. 23. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 217.

Timalia gularis, Horsf, Zool. Res. in Java, t. Blyth,
Journ. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 794. G. BR. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, I. p. 228. Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep.
p. 85.

Myiothera gularis, Temm., Pl. Col. 442, f. 2.

Timalia pileata, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 204.

Mixornis sumatrana, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 217.

Burone Pupine, Sumatra, Raffles.

A. and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S.
Rafiles.
b. Malacca. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

338. MIXORNIS RUBICAPILLUS, Tickell Sp.

Motacilla rubicapilla, Tickell, Journ. A. 8. Beng. II.
p. 576.

Mixornis chloris, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 794;
XIII. p. 380. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 452; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 149. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 217.

230 CATALOGUE.

Mixornis ruficeps, Hodgs., P. Zz. 8. (1845), p. 238.
Rusty-crowned Warbler, Tickle.

a Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
b. c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.

“ Found in the thick underwood, hollows, ravines, &c. Lively and
agile, with a frequent piping note and occasional chatter.’’—(Tickell,
J. A.8..B: II. p. 576.)

“Shy, and exclusively arboreal.”—(Hodgs., J. A. S. B. XIII.
p- 380.)

Genus CurysomMa, Hodgs. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 602.

Pycroruis, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 83 ;
P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 24.

339. CHRYSOMMA SINENSEH, Gmel. Sp.

Parus sinensis, Gmel., S. WN. Z. 1. p.1012. Lath.,
Hist. NYsp. 274.

Chrysomma sinense, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 454; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.150. Bonap.,
C. Ge Ae. p. 21Gb:

Emberiza calfat, var. a, Lath., Hist. V. p. 3381.

Timalia hypoleuca, Frankl., P. Z. S. (1831), p. 118;
Journ, A. 8. Beng. I. p. 318. Jerd., Madr. Journ.
L. S. X. p. 260. Blyth, An. Nat. Hist. XII.
p. 97; Journ. A. 8. Beng. XI1.-.p. 795; XIOTL.
p. 181. G. RB. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 228.

Pyctorhis hypoleuca, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),

* p. 83.
Chrysomma hypoleucos, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XIV.
~ p. 602.

Timalia Horsfieldii, Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. t. 119.
Blyth, Journ. A. S&. Beng. XI. p. 199. Hodgs.,
Cat. B. Nep. p. 86.

Timalia bicolor, Lafresnaye, Mag. de Zool. (1835), Otis.
t. 39.

Pyctorhis rufifrons, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 24.

Gotah Finch, Zath., Hist. VI. p. 102.

CATALOGUE. yea |

White-bellied or Singing Babbler, Jerd.
Goran, Hind., Lath.
GutcuHasm, also SHuxar Dumrt, Hind.? Jerd.

A. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.

B. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
c. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.

d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

“This appears to be generally diffused throughout India. It is
far from being common towards the south of the Peninsula. I have
seen it in a bushy tract at the edge of the Wulliar jungle; also in
hedges on low jungly districts near the base of the Shaudee Munga-
lum hills, in the Salem district, and again at Royacottah, in similar
situation. Near Jaulnah, it is generally to be met with in the low
jungle in the neighbourhood, also in woody nullahs and thick hedges.
It is not unfrequently to be seen alone, but generally in small parties
of four or five, which fly before you, and manage to conceal them-
selves in some thick .bush. They have a low chattering when
together, neither loud however, nor often heard. I have on several
occasions heard a single one, perched conspicuously on a bush or
hedge, pour forth a remarkably sweet song. Feeds on ants and
various other insects, &c.”’—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L: 8. X. p. 261.)
_ Mr. Blyth remarks, “I possessed some of these birds alive, and

noticed that they frequently placed one foot upon their food, while
they picked it with the bill.’—(Journ. A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 199.)

Genus Stacuyris, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 378
(1844) ; P. Z. S. (1845), p. 22.
CinaTHora, Hodgs.

340. STACHY RIS NIGRICEPS, Hodgs.

Stachyris nigriceps, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIII.
p. 378; P. Z. S. (1845), p. 22; Ann. Nat. Hist.
XVI. p. 1938; Cat. B. Nep. p. 74. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.150. Bonap., C. G. Av. p.332.

Timalia nigriceps, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, III. App.
pg. AO.

The Black-headed Stachyris, Hodgs.

a. b. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

c. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

Sz | CATALOGUE.

“ Exclusively monticolous, and shy of man; not gregarious; feeds
on minute hard insects and the larve and pupz of tree-haunting
species, rarely on seeds; exclusively arboreal; building large glo-
bular nests, which are fixed upon and between the crossing twigs of
low thick bushes, and lays four or five eggs of a pale fawn-colour,
either unmarked or spotted with brown.’’—(Hodgs., P. Z. 8. 1845,

p- 22.)

341. STACHYRIS PYRRHOPS, Hodgs.

Stachyris pyrrhops, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIII.
p. 379; P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 23; Ann. Nat. Hist.
XVI. p. 193; Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 75. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 150. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 382.

Timalia pyrrhops, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, III. App.
p. 10.

The Red-eyed Stachyris, Hodgs.

a. b.c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
d. Nepal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

342. STACHYRIS CHRYSAA, Hodgs.

Stachyris chrysea, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII.
p. 379; P. Z. S. (1845), p. 238; Ann. Nat. Hist.
XVI. p. 193; Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 75. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 150. Bonap. C. G.
Av. p. 382.

_Timalia chrysea, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, III. App.
p. 10.
The Golden Stachyris, Hodgs.

a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
b. Nepal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

Genus Erpornis, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 379
(1844) ; P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 23.

343. HRPORNIS XANTHOLEUCA, Hodgs.
Erpornis xantholeuca, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII.
p. 880. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 101.
Erpornis xanthochlora, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 23.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 259.

CATALOGUE. 233

Timalia xanthochlora, Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 85.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, Ill. App. p. 10.
The Yellowish-Green Erpornis, Hodgs.

a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
b. Nepal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
c. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

“ Inhabits the lower and central regions of Nepal, and feeds on tiny
tree-insects, their larvee and pupe.’”’—(Hodgs., P. Z. 8. 1845, p. 23.)

Genus Pomatoruinus, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 164
(1820).
PoMATORHYNCHUS, Bove., Isis (1826).

OntHoRHINUS, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 371
(1844).

344. POMATORHINUS MONTANUS, Horsf.

Pomatorhinus montanus, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 165; Zool. Res. in Java, t. Lath. Hist. IV.
p. 267. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 175;
XII. pp. 946-7 ; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 147.
G. hk. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 229. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 220.

Mountain Creeper, Lath.

Boxxrex, Java, Horsf.

A. b. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
c. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.

“This is found in Java, exclusively in mountain forests that have
an elevation of about 7,000 feet above the level of the ocean. It
never migrates from these into the lower regions. Although neces-
sarily confined in its range, and limited to the distant conical
summits of a series of mountains that extends longitudinally through
the island, it is very abundant in particular places. I met with it
at several points; but the cold climate of the mountain Merbaboo,
one of the highest peaks in the central part of Java, and the summit
of Mount Prahu, both of which exceed the elevation above mentioned,
appeared its favourite places of residence; here it builds its nest on
high trees. Its food is plentifully supplied by the berries of various
species of Rubus, as well as by the fruits of numerous vegetables,
which cover these elevated districts. About the middle of the day,

2h

234 CATALOGUE.

this bird is seen, through the openings of the forest, in small flocks ;
it then emits incessantly a loud note, in imitation of which the
natives have applied to it the name of Bokkrek.”—(Horsf. Zool. Res.
in Java.)
345. POMATORHINUS SCHISTICEPS, Hodgs.
Pomatorhinus schisticeps, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 181;
Cat. Birds of Nep. p.86. Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng.
XI. p. 175; XII. pp. 946-7; XIV. p. 598; Cat. B.
Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 146. G. R. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, I. p. 229. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 220.
Pomatorhinus montanus, apud Horsf. McCleil., P. Z. 8.
(1839), p. 166.
Paspoa, Beng., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. II. p. 120.
The Grey-headed Pomatorhinus, Hodgs.

a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

B. Arracan. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

c. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq.

d. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

346. POMATORHINUS LEUCOGASTER, Gould.
Pomatorhinus leucogaster, Gould, P. Z. S. (1837),
p. 137. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 149.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 220.
Pomatorhinus olivaceus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 451.
a. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

“ Rare in Tenasserim, having only met with one specimen, at an
elevation of 3,500 feet.’’—(Helfer’s MS. Note.)

347. POMATORHINUS HORSFIELDII, Sykes.

Pomatorhinus Horsfieldii, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 89;
Journ. A. 8. Beng. Ill. p.537. Jerd., Madr. Journ.
L. 8. X. p. 256. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI.
p.175; XII. pp. 946-7; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 146. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 229.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 220.

Horsfield’s Pomatorhinus, Jerd,

A. B. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

CATALOGUE. 235

“This is a remarkably shy bird, and only met with in the dense
woods of the Ghauts. Minute insects (Dipterous) found in the
stomach. The note of the male is hoot, whoot, whoot, uttered slowly :
the female answers hooe.’”’—(Sykes, P. Z. 8. 1845, p. 89.)

“JT have seen this bird, but rarely, in Goomsoor, in bamboo-jungle,
in thick and tangled wood near Manantoddy, and among underwood
in the neighbourhood of Kotagherry. It has a very loud ery, which
has been well expressed by Colonel Sykes. I saw it once in pairs,
at other times in small families, keeping up a continual loud call,
and climbing about the branches with great facility. Various small
insects were found in the stomach.’—(Jerd. Madr. Journ. L. 8S.
X. p. 256.)

348. POMATORHINUS ERYTHROGEN YS, Vigors.

Pomatorhinus erythrogenys, Vigors, P. Z. 8. (1831),
p.173. Gould, Cent. of Birds, t.55. Blyth, Journ.
A. S. Beng. XI. p.175 ; XII. p.946; Cat. B. Mus.
A. 8. Beng. p. 146. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 229. Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 87. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 220.

Pomatorhinus ferrugilatus, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 180.

The rusty-cheeked Pomatorhinus, eg

Ban Burra, Masuri, Blyth.

a. b. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
d. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

“ Common from 3,500 feet up to 10,000 or 12,000 feet ; always in
pairs, turning up the dead leaves on copsewood-covered banks ;
uttering a loud whistle, answering and calling each other. It breeds
in April, constructing its nest on the ground, of coarse dry grasses
and leaf-stalks of walnut-trees, and is covered with a dome-shaped
roof, so nicely blended with the fallen leaves and withered grasses
among which it 1s placed, as to be almost undistinguishable from them.
The eggs are three in number, and pure white; diameter 1,2, x 42
Inches, of an ordinary oval shape. When disturbed, the bird sprung
along the ground with long bounding hops, so quickly that, from its
motions and the appearance of the nest, I was led to believe it a
species of rat. The nest is placed in a me hollow, probably
formed by the bird itself.”—(Hutton, J. A. 8. B. XVII. pt. 2,
p- 10.)

236 CATALOGUE.

349. POMATORHINUS HYPOLEUCOS, Blyth Sp. —

Orthorhinus hypoleucos, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII.
p. 871 (1844).

Pomatorhinus hypoleucos, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng.
XIV. p. 597; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 146.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 220.

Pomatorhinus albicollis, (Horsf, MS.) G. R. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, I. p. 229, t.57 (1846).

A. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.
b. Arracan. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

350. POMATORHINUS RUFICOLLIS, Hodgs.
Pomatorhinus ruficollis, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 182;
Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 86. Blyth, Journ. A. SW.
Beng. XI. p.175; XIU. p. 946; Cat. B. Mus. A.
S. Beng. p.147. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 229. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 220.
The Rufous-necked Pomatorhinus, Hodqs.

A. B. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

c. a. N epal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.

351. POMATORHINUS FERRUGINOSUS, Blyth.
Pomatorhinus ferruginosus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng.
XIV. p. 597; XVI. p. 452; Cat. B. Mus. A. &.
Beng. p. 146. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 220.

A. Nepal. (Wo. 967, Hodgs. Cat.) Presented by B.
H. Hodgson, Esq., September 24th, 1853.

352. POMATORHINUS SUPERCILIOSUS, Vigors e
Horsfield.
Pomatorhinus superciliosus, Vigors et Horsf., Trans.
Linn. Soe. XV. p. 330. Gould, Birds of Austr.
% 22. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 229.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 220.

The White-eyebrowed Pomatorhinus, Gould.
Gnow-un, Aborigines, W. Australia, Gould.

a. Australia From Mr. George Fradgley.

CATALOGUE. 237

“ This species ranges over the whole of the southern portion of the
continent of Australia, where it must be regarded as a bird peculiar
to the interior rather than as an inhabitant of the districts near the
coast. It is common on the Liverpool Plains in New South Wales,
and it was particularly noticed by my friend Captain Sturt during
his expedition to the Darling. I myself encountered it near the
bend of the river Murray, and it has also been found in the York
district of Western Australia, but I have never heard of its having
been seen either in the north or north-western parts of the country.
It usually moves about in small troops of from six to ten in number,
and is, without exception, the most restless, noisy, querulous bird 1
ever encountered. Its mode of progression among the branches of
the trees is no less singular than is its voice different from that of
other birds; it runs up and down the branches of the smaller trees
with great rapidity, and with the tail very much spread and raised
above the level of the back. It usually feeds upon the ground, under
the Banksias and other low trees, but upon the least intrusion flits
on to the lowest branch, and by a running or leaping motion quickly
ascends to the highest, when it flies off to the next tree, uttering at
the same time a jarring, chattering, and discordant jumble of notes,
which are sometimes preceded by a rapidly-repeated shrill piping
whistle. When a troop are engaged in ascending the branches,
which they usually do in line, they have a singular habit of suddenly
assembling in a cluster, spreading their tails and wings, and puff-
ing out their plumage until they resemble a complete ball of
feathers.

“The breeding season commences in September, and continues
during the three following months. The nest is a large doomed
_ structure of dried sticks, with an entrance in the side, which is
hidden from view by the sticks of the upper part of the nest being
made to project over it for four or five inches, like the thatch of
a shed; the inside is generally lined with the soft parts of flowers
and the dust of rotten wood, but occasionally with feathers.
In Western Australia the nest is usually constructed in a dead
jam-tree, the branches of which are drawn together at the top like a
broom. It often happens that three or four pairs of birds build
their nests in the same small clump of trees. The eggs are four in
number, the ground colour being olive-grey clouded with purplish
brown, and streaked with similar hair-like lines of black; they are

eleven and a half lines long, by eight lines broad.’’—(Gould, Birds
of Austr., IV.)

238 - CATALOGUE.

Genus XrpHoRHAMPHUS, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 947 (1848).
XipHiruyNouvs, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 175
(1842). 3
3938. XITPHORHAMPHUS SUPERCILIARIS, Blyth.
Xiphirhynchus superciliaris, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng.
XI. p. 175.
Xiphorhamphus superciliaris, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng.
XII. p. 947, ¢. p. 1010; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p. 147. Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn. t. 49. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 220.
Pomatorhinus superciliaris, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p. 229.
Scimitar-billed Babbler, Jerd.

A. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
b.c. Nepal. (Wo. 910, Hodgs. Cat.) Presented by B.
H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

Subfam. IV. BRACHYPODINA, Swains.

Genus Pycnonotus, Kuhl, Av. Col. Nom. Syst. (1820) ; Lses
(1826), p. 975.
- Bracuyrvs, Swains., Zool. Journ. (1824); Faun. Bor.
Amer. (1831).

TurRpDoIpEs et Ixos, Temm., Pl. Col. d’Ois. I. (1836).
Hamatornis, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. (1831).
Aucurus, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 83.
Ruszieura, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XIV* >. 576 (1845).

354. PYCNONOTUS JOCOSUS, Linn. Sp.

Lanius jocosus, Linn., 8S. N. I. p. 138. Lath., Hist. I.
p. 41.

Pyecnonotus jocosus, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV.
p. 566; XV. p. 286; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 208. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 237.

Hematornis jocosus, Swains. Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8.
X. p. 246. Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 89.

Ixos jocosus, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 88. Pears.,
Journ. A. S. Beng. X. p. 640. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 265.

CATALOGUE. 239

Txos monticolus, MeClell., P. Z. 8. (1889), p. 160.
Txos pyrrhotis, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 84.
Turdus jocosus, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. I. p. 11.
Jocose Shrike, Lath.

Pink-eared Bulbul, Pearson.

Kanera Bursut, Hind., Hamilton.

Kanpa Buxztt, Sylhet, Zd.

PHAREE Butzvt, Hind., Jerd.

Kara Butzun, Srpaut Buxzut, Beng., Blyth.

A. B. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
C. and drawing (Zz. monticola, McClell.). Assam.
Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.
d. e. (Lz. pyrrhotis, Hodgs.) Nepal. Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq.
Sf. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“This sprightly and pleasing bird is in general found in the
Peninsula, only in lofty jungle, as well as on the east coast (as in
Goomsoor), as the west coast, but I have also seen it in low bushy
ground on the sea-coast, between Calicut and Telicherry, and it is
most abundant on the summit of the Neilgherries, in gardens and
shrubby ground. It is a most lively and active bird, always on the
move, and warbling its pleasant chirruping notes, which are much
sweeter than those of the common Bulbul. It lives chiefly on
fruit and seeds, but also on insects occasionally, which I have seen
it picking off the ground. Its flight is steady, but not rapid, and its
crest is never erected during flight, but always the moment it alights.
A deserted nest was pointed out to me in a lowshrub close to a house
in Ootacamund, as that of this bird; it was very neatly made with
moss, lichen, small roots and twigs, and well lined with hair and
down.” —(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 250.)

“ These birds are in great request among the natives, being of a
fearless disposition, and easily reclaimed. They are taught to sit on
the hand, and numbers may thus be seen in any Indian bazaar.’””—
(C. W. Smith’s Notes, J. A. 8. Beng. X. p. 640.)

355. PYCNONOTUS PYGAUS, Hodgs. Sp.
Ixos pygeus, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 84.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 265.

240

CATALOGUE.

Pycnonotus bengalensis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 566 (1845) ; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 209.

Turdus cafer, of India, Lath. Hist. V. p. 82. Dr. F.
(B.) Hamilton, MS. I. p. 10.

Pycnonotus cafer, apud McClell., P. Z. 8. (1839), p. 161.

Hematornis cafer, apud Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 89.

Burzsut, Hind., Hamilton.

Kata Burzvn, Beng., Blyth.

a. b. (P. pygeus, Hodgs.) Nepal. Presented by B. H.

Hodgson, Esq.

c. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq. |
D. (P. bengalensis, Blyth). Calcutta. Presented by

the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

e. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
Ff. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

356. PYCNONOTUS HAMORRHOUS, Gmel. Sp.

Muscicapa hemorrhousa, Gmel., S. VN. ZL. I. p. 941.
Lath., Hist. V1. p. 186.

Pycnonotus hemorrhous, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 566; XV. p.50; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 209.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 237.

Ixos hemorrhous, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 265.

Hematornishemorrhous, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. p.485.

Ixos cafer, apud Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 88. Jerd.,
Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 249.

Hematornis pusillus et pseudocafer, Blyth, Journ. A. S.
Beng. X. p. 841; XI. p. 458.

Hematornis chrysorrhoides, Lafr., Rev. Zool. (1845),
p. 367.

Red-vented Flycatcher, Brown, Ill. Zool. ¢. 31, f. 1.

Butsvt, Hind., Jerd.

Tovxt Buisut, Beng., Blyth.

Konpa Korvutua (‘ Top-knot Bird’), Ceylon, Layard.

A. B. C. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
d. (P. pusillus, Blyth.) Presented by the Asiatic

Society of Bengal.

“This is one of the most common and abundant birds of India,

CATALOGUE. 241

frequenting both gardens and cultivated ground, and low bushy
jungle. It is never found in dense jungle. It is found even on the
Neilgherries at Coonoor and Kotagherry at 6,000 feet of elevation ;
but I have not observed it in the more elevated and central parts of
the hills. It lives in pairs or small families; feeds chiefly on fruits,
being destructive to peas and other garden produce, but also oc-
casionally on insects, frequently repeating its usual notes while
hopping about the branches and wandering from tree to tree. It
flies in a direct manner, with a quick flapping of its wings, and
usually uttering its note when on the wing. It is very commonly
caged in the Carnatic, and kept for fighting, which it does with some
spirit, and it is said that the antagonists often seize each other by
the red under tail-coverts, and endeavour to pull them out; it is also
said to imitate the notes of various other birds in confinement.’’—

(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8S. X. p. 249.)

357. PYCNONOTUS ARSINOE, Lichst.

Ixos arsinoe, Lichst., Cat. Dupl. Berb. Mus. p. 39.
Ripp., Syst. Uebers. p. 60. Bonap., CO. G. Av.
p. 266.

Pyecnonotus arsinoe, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 237.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

358. PYCNONOTUS CROCORRHOUS, Strickl.

Muscicapa hemorrhousa, var. A., Gimel., S. NM. L. I.
p. 941. Lath. Hist. VI. p. 186.

Pycnonotus crocorrhous, Strickl., Ann. Nat. Hist. XTII.
p. 412 (1844); P. Z S. (1846), p. 101. G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 237. Blyth, Journ. A.
S. Beng. XIV. p. 567; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
App, p. 339.

Turdus hemorrhous, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 147.

Ixos hemorrhous, Vigors, App. Mem. Raffles, p. 661.

Ixos chrysorrheus, (Lath.), Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 266.

Yellow-vented Flycatcher, Brown, Ill. Zool. ¢. 31, f. 2.

Kertitan, Java, Horsf.

A. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
B. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. 8. Rafiles.
ae

242 CATALOGUE.

359. PYCNONOTUS LEUCOTIS; Gould Sp.

Ixos leucotis, Gould, P. Z. S. (1836), p. 6. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 265.

Pycnonotus leucotis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 567; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 209. G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 237.

Kanapuara, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. IT. p. 72.

KusHanpra or KusHantra, Punjab, Blyth.

a. Sindh. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

360. PYCNONOTUS LEUCOGEN YS, J. E. Gray, Sp.

Brachypus leucogenys, G. & HA., Lil. Ind. Zool. Ii.
t. 35, f. 3 (1834).

Pycnonotus leucogenys, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV. —
p. 567; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 209. G. #.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 237.

Hematornis leucogenys, Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 89.

Txos leucogenys, Bonap., C. G, Av. p. 265.

lxos plumigerus, Lafr., Rev. Zool. (1840), p. 228.

Heematornis cristatus, Burn. .

Hooded Thrush, Lath., Hist. V. p. 80.

The White-cheeked Pycnonotus, Gray.

A. B. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c.d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
18538.

* Common in the Doon throughout the year, and in the hills
during the summer. It breeds in April and May. The nest is
neat and cup-shaped, placed in the forks of bushes or pollard trees,
and is composed externally of the dried stalks of ‘ Forget-me-not,’
lined with fine grass stalks; eggs three to four, rosy or faint purplish-
white, thickly sprinkled with specks and spots of darker rufescent
purple or claret colour; diameter ++ x 42 inches; diameter of nest
221 inches, and 13 inches deep. Sometimes the outside of the nest is
composed of fine dried stalks of woody plants, whose roughness
causes them to adhere together.’’—(Hutton, J. A.S. B. XVII. pt. 2,

p- 10.)
361. PYCNONOTUS GOIAVIER, Scop. Sp.

Muscicapa goiavier, Scopoli.

CATALOGUE. 243

Pycnonotus goiavier, Strickl. in epistold. Blyth, Journ.
A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 567; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 210. G.R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 239

Muscicapa Psidii, Gmel., 8. MN. L. I. p. 941. Lath.,
Hist. V1. p. 186.

Turdus analis, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 147.
Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 310. Lath.,
Hist. V. p. 89.

Ixos analis, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 268.

Guava Flycatcher, Lath.

Cuucuak, Java, Horsf.

Breiepa, Sumatra, Raffles.

A. 6. Java (7. analis, Horsf.). From Dr. Horsfield’s
Collection. :
B. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. 8. Raffles.

362. PYCNONOTUS LUTHOLUS, Less. Sp.
Hematornis luteolus, Less., Rev. Zool. (1840), p. 354.
Pycnonotus luteolus, Blyth, App. Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. XXil.
Pycnonotus flavirictus, Strickl., Ann. Nat. Hist. XIII.
p. 413 (1844). Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV.
p-. 567; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 210. G. BR.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 237.
Ixos flavirictus, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 266.
Ixos virescens, Zemm., apud Tickell, J. A. S. Beng. Il.
p. 573 (1838).
Trichophorus virescens, apud Jerd. Madr. Journ. L. BS.
X. p. 248.
Criniger Tickelli, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 571.
Popa-pPiext, Hind., Jerd.
Kana Korvutia (‘ Saffron-coloured Bird’), Ceylon,
Layard.
A. Siam. From Finlayson’s Collection.
b. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

“ This is a widely dispersed, though not very common bird, except
in some few localities. It prefers a wooded district. I have found
it in Goomsoor in open jungle ; in the Carnatic seldom, and only in
the vicinity of jungle, in thick hedges and bushy nullahs; in the

244 CATALOGUE.

neighbourhood of Coimbatoor ; in low thickets in the Wulliar jungle,
and very abundant in a bushy track along the west coast. It flies
actively along from bush to bush, hiding itself in the thickets ; has a
loud, clear, thrush-like warble, and feeds entirely on fruit of various
kinds.” —(Jerd. Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 249.)

“ Found in woody and barren country at Bamireah, near Mednapur;
appeared shy, silent, and solitary, and partakes of the nature of the
fly-catchers and thrushes. It flies and settles about the lower parts
of bushes and thickets. Stomach contained berries and seeds.”—

(Tickell, J. A. S. Beng. II. p. 573.)

363. PYCNONOTUS SIMPLEX, Less.

Pycnonotus simplex, Less., Rev. Zool. (1839), p. 167.

Pyenonotus plumosus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 567; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 210.

Ixos plumosus, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 266.

Brriepa, Sumatra, Raffles.

A. and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S.

Rafiles.

364. PYCNONOTUS FLAVESCENS, Blyth.
Pycnonotus flavescens, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV.
p. 568; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 210.
Ixos flavescens, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 266.

a. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

365. PYCNONOTUS FINLA YSONT, Strickl.
Pycnonotus Finlaysoni, Strickl., Ann. Nat. Hist. X11.
p. 411. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 568;
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 210. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 237.
Ixos Finlaysoni, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 266.

A. Siam. From Finlayson’s Collection.
B. C. Arracan. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

366. PYCNONOTUS BIMACULATUS, Horsf. Sp.
Turdus bimaculatus, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p- 147. Lath., Hist. V. p. 89.
Pycnonotus bimaculatus, Strickl. i epistold. Blyth,

~

CATALOGUE. Q45

Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 567. G. &. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 287.
Lanius bimaculatus, Less., Cent. de Zool. t. 75.
Hematornis bimaculatus, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. p.485.
Brachypus bimaculatus, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 263.
CuvucHak-aunune, Java, Horsf.

A. b. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

367. PYCNONOTUS DISPAR, Horsf. Sp.

Turdus dispar, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 150.
Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 810. Lath.,
Hist. Vp: 92. :

Ixos dispar, Zemm., Pl. Col. 187.

Pycnonotus dispar, G. &. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 237.

Rubigula dispar, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 576.

Brachypus dispar, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 263.

CHINCHING-GOLENG, Java, Horsf.

A. and Drawing. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collec-
tion.

B. and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S.
Rafiles.

368. PYCNONOTUS GULALRIS, Gould Sp.

Brachypus gularis, Gould, P. Z. S. (1835), p. 186.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 264.

Pycnonotus gularis, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 211. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 237.

Rubigula gularis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 516; XV. p. 287.

Brachypus rubineus, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. S. X.
p. 246 (1839) ; Lil. Ind. Orn., t. 37.

Ruby-throated Bulbul, Jerd.

A. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.
B. Canara. From 8. N. Ward’s Collection.

“T have only met with the Ruby-throated Bulbul in the forests of
Malabar ; and even here it is rare: it frequents the more open spaces
of the jungle, and generally prefers thickets in the neighbourhood of
waters. It lives in small families; is sprightly and active, hopping

246 CATALOGUE.

about the smaller branches of trees, uttering now and then its
pleasant twitter, much in the manner of the common crested bulbuls.
It feeds on various fruits and berries.’”-—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8.
X. p. 246.)

369. PYCNONOTUS XANTHOL@M US, Jerdon.

Pycnonotus xantholemus, Jerd., Madr. Journ. XIII.
pt. 2, p. 122 (1844); Lll. Ind. Orn. t. 35. Blyth,
Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 568; Cat. B. Mus. A.
S. Beng. p. 209. G. RB. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 237. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 264.”

Hill Bush Bulbul, Jerd.

Konpa Popa Piet, Telugu, Jerd.

A. Madras. Presented by John Gould, Esq., Decem-
ber, 1853.

“This species inhabits the densest portions of the forests of the
eastern Ghauts, and the hill Shikarees assert that it lives chiefly on
fruit of various kinds.’”—(Jerdon.)

31/0. PYCNONOTUS SINENSIS, Gimel. Sp.
| Muscicapa sinensis, Gmel., S. N. L. I. p. 942. Lath,

Hist. Vi. p. 179.

Pycnonotus sinensis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 569; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 210.

Ixos sinensis, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 266.

Turdus occipitalis, Zemm. Less., Mag. de Zool. (1836),
Ois. t. 66; Hydoux et Gervais, Vog. de la Favorite,
t. 14.

Pycnonotus occipitalis, apud G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p.-237.

Wreathed Fly-catcher, Lath.

A. China. From Reeves’s Collection.

B. (P. sinensis ?) Siam. From Finlayson’s Collection.
C. Hong Kong. Presented by J. Gould, Esq.

The specimen from Siam differs in having the head entirely black,
which in the other specimens is wreathed with white, but agreeing
in other respects with each other. .

CATALOGUE. 947

371. PYCNONOTUS FLAVIVENTRIS, Tickell Sp.
Vanga flaviventris, Tickell, Journ. A. S. Beng. II.
p- 573 (18833).
Pycnonotus flaviventris, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 237.
Brachypus melanocephalus, G. & H., Ill. Ind. Zool. II.
t. 35, f. 1 (1834).

Pycnonotus melanocephalus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng.
XIV. p. 569; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 210.
Alcurus melanocephalus, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Mise.

(1844), p. 83.
Hematornis melanocephalus, Hodys., Cat. B. Nep., p. 89.
Ixos ‘melanocephalus, Bonap., OC. G. Av. p. 265.
Brachypus plumifera, Gould, P. Z. S. (1887), p. 187.
Tufted Thrush, Lath., Hist. V. p. 109.
Yellow Bulbul, Tickell.

A. B. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.

“ Frequents the beautiful hanging woods of Dampara, in Dholbhim,
where alone I met with them. Manners sprightly, hurrying from
tree to tree, with a short repeated song, like the common bulbul.”’—
(Tickell, J. A. S. Beng. II. p. 578.)

Genus Ix1p1a, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 50 (1846).

Ixop1a, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 577
(1845).

372. IXIDIA CYANIVENTRIS, Biyth.

Pyenonotus cyaniventris, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XI.
p. 792 (1841) ; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 211.
Strickl., P. Z 8. (1846), p. 101. G. RB. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 237.

Ixidia cyaniventris, Blyth, Journ. A. §. Beng. XIV.
p. 578. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 260.

Malacopteron aureum, Eyton, Ann. Nat. Hist. XIV.
p» 228.

Turdus, No. 6, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 811.

948 CATALOGUE.

A. and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. 8.
Raffles.
b. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.

“ Common in the vicinity of the Straits of Malacca.’’— (Blyth.)

Genus Bracuypopivs, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 576
(1845).

3738. BRACHYPODIUS MELANOCEPHALUS, Gmel.
Sp.
r Lanius melanocephalus, Gimel., S. WN. Z. I. p. 309.
Lath., Hist. Il. p. 66, t. 19.
Brachypodius melanocephalus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng.
XIV. p. 576; XV. p. 50; Cat. B. Mus. A. B.
Beng. p. 211.
Turdus melanocephalus, Raffles, Trans. Iinn. Soe. XIII.
p- 310.
Pycnonotus melanocephalus, Strickl., P. Z. S. (1846),
p. 101. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 237.
Brachypus melanocephalus, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 264.
Ixos atriceps, Temm., Pl. Col. 147.
Ixos metallicus, Hyton, Ann. Nat. Hist. XIV. p. 228.
Black-headed Shrike, Zath.
BuronG-LILIN, Sumatra, Raffles.
Box-wa, Arracan, Blyth.
A. B. and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. 8.
Rafiles.
c. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.

Genus Microtarsus, Hyton, P. Z. S. (1839), p. 102.
Bracuyvonvivs, p. Blyth.

374. MICROTARSUS MELANOLEUCOS, Eyton.

Microtarsus melanoleucos, Eyton, P. Z. 8. (1839),
p. 102 (male). Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 211.

Brachypodius tristis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 576 (female), (1845).

Microscelis tristis, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 263.

Microscelis, species 8, G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p- 235.

December 31, 1853.

CATALOGUE. 249

Ixos vidua, Temm., Mus. Lugdunens. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 264 (1850).
Mirsa Tanpo, Lyton, Lanam, Malay, Blyth.

a.b. &. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.
c. 9. Malacca. Purchased.

375. MICROTARSUS OLIVACEHUS, Moore.

Length 64 inches, of wing 3 inches, and tail 24 inches, bill to gape
+ of an inch, and tarse the same. Colour of the upper parts, olive-
brown faintly shaded with dull green; wings and tail more uniform
brown, slightly margined on the outer vanes with brightish green ;
lores and ear-coverts olive-brown; beneath, uniform dusky ash-
eolour, with a tinge of yellow on some of the feathers, purer on the
throat, belly, and under tail-coverts; darker on the breast and
flanks, with a light purplish shade. Bull and feet horn-colour.

A. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.

This species has very much the aspect of Jole olivacea, Blyth ;
indeed, from the close resemblance between them, it might be con-
founded with that species, but the form of the bill in the two birds
will at once distinguish them.

Genus Mricrosczus, G. R. Gray, List of Gen. of Birds (1840),
et Genera of Birds, I. p. 235.
? Mioropvus, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 486 (1831).

376. WICROSCHELIS AMAUROTIS, Temm. Sp.
Turdus amaurotis, Zemm., Pl. Col. 497.
Microscelis amaurotis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 235. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 263.
Orpheus amaurotis, Schleg., Faun. Jap. p. 68, t. 31 B.

A. Japan. Presented by John Gould, Esq., Decem-
ber, 1853.

377. MICROSCELIS MELANOLEUCUS,J. E. Gray, Sp.
Turdus melanoleucus, J. H. Gray, Zool. Misc., 1832, p.1.
Microscelis melanoleucus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.

p. 285. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 268.

Has, China. (J. Reeves, Esq.)
This species is not contained in the Company’s Museum.
2k

250 CATALOGUE.

Genus Hemixos, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 83 ;
Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 572 (1845).

318. HEMIXOS FLAVULA, Hodgs.

Hemixos flavula, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 83 ;
Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 572; Cat., Birds of
Nep., App. p. 154. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. SB.
Beng. p. 207. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 261.

Pyenonotus flavulus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 237, t. 59.

The Yellow-winged Hemixos, Cray.

A. b. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1855.

“This appears to be very common along the sub-Himalayan
ranges, extending to those of Assam, Sylhet, and Arracan.” “ It
feeds mostly on pulpy berries, but likewise takes soft and imperfect
insects. It does not sing, nor is caged; and it seems to be wholly
confined to the hills, being unknown below. Contents of stomach*
commonly berries, rarely soft and imperfect insects, and also some
perfect and hard ones, chiefly in winter.’’—(Hodgson, Journ. A. 8.
Beng. XIV. p. 572.)

379. HEMIXOS ICTERICA, Strickl. Sp.

Criniger ictericus, Strickl., Ann. Nat. Hist. XIII.
p. 411. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 236.

Hemixos icterica, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 207.

' Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 261.

Pycnonotus ictericus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 570.

Turdus indicus, (Gmel.) apud Jerd. Madr. Journ. L.
S. X. p. 249.

A. 8. India. Donor unknown.

“This bird frequents only thick and lofty jungle on the west coast,
being found occasionally as high as 5,000 feet. It lives in small
flocks, flying from tree to tree, and keeping up a continual and

* The stomach is muscular, and of considerable unequal thickness in its outer
coat ; the inner being tough and striate. Intestinal canal eight inches and a half ;
the ceca very small and rudimentary.

CATALOGUE. 251

pleasing Bulbul-like warble. In all the specimens I have examined,
I have found fruit only in its stomach, but from the strong bristles
_ at the base of the bill, I suppose it may, at certain seasons, partake
of insects.’””—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 249.)

Genus Spizixos, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 571
(1845),

“ General structure of Pycnonotus, but differing greatly in the
shortness and (for a member of this group) extraordinary thickness
of the bill, the lateral outline of which approaches that of Conostoma
emodium, except that the tip of the upper mandible curves more
decidedly downward over that of the lower mandible, being also
pointed and distinctly notched, with a sinuation corresponding to
the notch in the lower mandible; as viewed from above, however,
the resemblance to the beak of the Conostoma ceases, for that of the
present bird narrows evenly to a point from a tolerably wide base ;
the ridge of the upper mandible is obtusely angulated, and it is”
distinctly arched, rising at base where concealed by the feathers of
the forehead. Rest as in Pycnonotus, but approaching to Criniger.”’

380. SPIZIXOS CANIFRONS, Blyth.

Spizixos canifrons, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 571; XX. p. 520; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.

App. p. 18.
A. B. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

S. canifrons. “ Length about 8 inches; of wing 31; of tail 32;
bill to forehead a little exceeding 4 an inch, and to gape 2; tarse
also & of an inch. General colour bright olive-green, becoming
yellowish green and more vivid on the rump and margins of the
primaries, and inclining also to yellow on the belly, and more
decidedly on the lower tail-coverts; forehead and chin pale ashy ;
the nape, with the sides and front of the neck, somewhat darker,
passing into blackish on the throat; and the crown black, its
feathers lengthened to form a crest nearly an inch long; tail-
feathers largely tipped with blackish ; bill yellow, and legs brown.
Habitat, Cherra Poonjee, or the hill-ranges bordering on Sylhet to
the northward.’—(Blyth.)

Genus CrinicEer, Temm., Man. d Orn. (1820).
Tricnoruorus, Lemm., Text de Pl. Col. 88 (1888).

—,

252 CATALOGUE.

Tricuas, Gloger. (1827).
Axcurvs, p. Hodgs.

381. CRINIGHR GULARIS, Horsf. Sp. r

Turdus gularis, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 150.
Lath., Hist. V. p. 92.

Criniger gularis, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. ious ATV: p. bia
XV. p. 50; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 208.
G. Rk. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 236. Strickl., P.
Z. §. (1846), p. 101.

Trichophorus gularis, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. X1.
p. 186. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 262.

Ixos (Trichixos) phaiocephalus, Hartl., Reo. Zool. (1844)
p. 401.

Trichophorus caniceps, Lafres., Rev. Zool. (1845) p. 367.

Bres, Java, Horsf.

A. b. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

382. CRINIGER FLA VEOLUS, Gould Sp.

Trichophorus flaveolus, Gould, P. Z. S. (1836), p. 6
McClelland, P. Z. S. (1839), p. 158. Blyth, Journ.
A. 8. Beng. XI. ». 185. Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep.
p. 88. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 262.

Criniger flaveolus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 571; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 208. G. BR.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 236.

Trichophorus xanthogaster, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 88.

A. B. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq. .

C. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“This species is common in the Himalaya, and in the hill-ranges
of Assam, Sylhet, and Arracan.”— (Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV.
p- 571.)

383. CRINIGER OCHRACEUS, Moore.

Length 8 inches. Crested, as in flaveolus; colour, dull brown
above, brightest on the wings, rump, tail-coverts, and tail; lores,
cheeks, and ear-coverts ashy white; throat white ; breast and middle

CATALOGUE. 253

of the belly yellowish ochreous, passing to dusky ochreous on the
flanks; vent and lower tail-coverts clear ochreous; underside of
tail brown, tinged with ochreous; fore part of the wings underneath,
ochreous yellow.

A. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

384, CRINIGHR STRIATUS, Blyth Sp.

Trichophorus striatus, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XI.
p- 184 (1842). Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 262.

Criniger striatus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 208.

Alcurus striatus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 570.

Pyenonotus striatus, G. &. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 237.

Oematornis striatus, Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 89.

Alcurus nipalensis, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Misc, (1844),
p. 88.

The Striated Criniger, Gray.

A. B. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
c.d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.

385. CRINIGHR OCHROCEPHALUS, Gmel. Sp.

Turdus ochrocephalus, Gimel., S. WN. L. I. p. 821.
Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 149. Lath,
Hist. V. p. 88. DLemm. Pl. Col. 186.

Criniger ochrocephalus, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 570; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 208.

Microscelis ochrocephalus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 235.

Pyecnonotus ochrocephalus, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 2638.

Trichophorus crispiceps, Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XI.
pp. 186, 204.

The Yellow-crowned Thrush, Lath.

CHuucHak-RAWA, Java, Horsf.

Barov Barov, Malay, Hyton.

A.B. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
c. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.
d. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

254 CATALOGUE.
Genus lotr, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 386 (1844).

386. JOLEH OLIVACEA, Blyth.
Tole olivacea, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 386;
XIV. p. 573; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 207.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 261.
Criniger, Sp. 10, G. A. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 236.

A. Malacca. From Griffith’s Collection.

387. JOLE VIRESCENS, Blyth.
Tole virescens, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 573
(1845) ; Cot. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 207. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 261.

a. Arracan. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
b. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

“ This bird is common in Arracan.”’—(Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIV.
p- 573.)

Genus Hypsiretes, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1831), p. 43.
Txocinoua, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 575 (1845).

388. HY PSIPETES PSAROIDES, Vigors.

Hypsipetes psaroides, Vigors, P. Z. 8. (1831), p. 48.
Gould, Cent. of Birds, t. 10. MUcClell., P. Z. 8.
(1839), p. 159. Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XI.
p- 186; XIV. p. 574; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 207. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 238.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nep. p. 87. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 261. Hutton, J. A. 8. Beng. XVIII. pé. II.
p. 10.

The Nepal Hypsipetes, Gray.

BAn Burra (‘Jungle-Goat, from voice) Masuri, Hutton.

a Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
b. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“Exceedingly common at Mussooree in large flocks during the
winter and spring; in the latter season, when the Hhododendron
arborewm is covered with its bunches of deep-crimson flowers, these
birds may be seen thrusting their beaks into every flower in search
of insects and nectar, and the forehead is in consequence then

CATALOGUE. 255

generally covered with the pollen and sweets derived from the
flowers. It pairs in April, and appears fond of the wild mulberries
and other forest berries which then abound in some of the glens.
In March, at an elevation of 5,000 feet, I saw them feeding on the
wild cherries. They breed during April, May, and June, making a
rather neat cup-shaped nest, which is usually placed in the bifurcation
of a horizontal branch of some tall tree; the bottom of it is composed
of thin dead leaves and dried grasses, and the sides of fine woody
stalks. of plants, such as those used by Pyenonotus leucogenys, and
they are well plastered over externally with spiders’ webs ; the lining
is sometimes of very fine tendrils, at other times of dry grasses,
fibrous lichens, and thin shavings of the bark of trees left by the
woodcutters. I have one nest, however, which is externally formed
of green moss with a few dry stalks; and the spiders’ webs, instead
of being plastered all over the outside, are merely used to bind the
nest to the small branches among which it is placed; the lining is of
bark shavings, dry grasses, black fibrous lichens, and a few fine seed-
stalks of grasses. The diameter of the nest is 2% inches, and 14
inches deep. The eggs are usually three in number, of a rosy or
purplish white, sprinkled over rather numerously with deep claret or
rufescent purple’ specks and spots. In colours, and distribution of
spots, there is great variation; sometimes the rufous and sometimes
the purple spots prevailing; sometimes the spots are mere specks
and freckles; sometimes large, and forming blotches; in some the
spots are wide apart; in others they are nearly, and sometimes in
places quite confluent: while from one nest the eggs were white, with
widely-dispersed dark purple spots and dull indistinct ones appearing
under the shell. In all, the spots are more crowded at the larger
end. Diameter varying from 1 x 42 inches to 1,3; x 42 inches.” —

16

(Capt. Hutton, J. A. S. Beng. XVIII. pt. IT. p. 10.)

389. HY PSIPETES GANEESA, Sykes.
Hypsipetes ganeesa, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 87.
Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. 2nd ser. t.2. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 238. Blyth, Journ. A. SW.
Beng. XIV. p. 574; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. App.
p. 839. .
Hypsipetes psaroides, apud Horsf. McOlell., P. ZS.
(1839), p. 159.
A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
b. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq.

256 CATALOGUE.

“ Found only in the dense woods of the Ghauts. Flight very
rapid. Stony fruit found in the stomach.’”’—(Sykes, P. Z. S. (1882),
p. 87.)

390. HY PSIPETES McCLELLANDII, Horst.
Hypsipetes McClellandii, Horsf, P. Z. S. (1839), p. 159.
Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XI. p. 186; XIV. p. 574;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 207. G. &. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 238. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 261.
Hypsipetes viridis, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 83; Cat. B. Nep. p. 88.
A. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq.
B. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

391. HYPSIPETES MALACCENSIS, Blyth.
Hypsipetes malaccensis, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 574; XV. p. 51; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 207. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 238.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 261.
Cutap, Malay, Blyth.

A. Malacca. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
b. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.

Hi. malaccensis. “ Upper parts dull olive-green; the wings and
tail brownish dusky, margined with the colour of the back; throat
and breast ashy, with whitish centres to the feathers; the abdomen
and lower tail-coverts dull white ; bend of the wing underneath, and
the axillaries pale yellow; bill and feet horn-colour; feathers of
the crown pointed. Length, 83 inches; of wing, 4 inches; and tail,
31, its outermost feathers, + of an inch less; bill to gape, 14 inches ;
and tarse, 2 of an inch.’”’—(Blyth.)

392. HY PSIPETES VIRESCENS, Temm., Sp.
Ixos virescens, Zemm., Pl. Col. 382, f. I.
Microscelis? virescens, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 235.
Brachypus virescens, Bonap., OC. G. Av. p. 264.

Has. Indian Archipelago.

CATALOGUE. 257

Above, of a uniform yellowish olive-green, darker on the crown ;
tail blackish brown, the outer feather tipped with dingy white ; ear-
coverts streaked with white; lores, chin, and throat dingy white ;
the rest of the under parts dingy white mixed with yellow; the
feathers of sides of neck, breast, belly, and flanks deeply margined
with olive-green ; under wing-coverts bright clear yellow. Length
7 inches; of wing, 31 inches; of tail, 32 inches; bill to frontal
feathers, ;2,, and width 58; of an inch; to gape, 5%; and tarse } an
inch. The above description is from a specimen in the Collection
of John Gould, Esq.

393. HY PSIPETES NICOBARIENSIS, Moore.
Ixocincla virescens, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. O75.
Hypsipetes virescens, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XV. pp. 51,
370; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 207. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 261.

a. b.c. Nicobars. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

HT. nicobariensis. “ Plumage of a uniform olive-green above, the
crown infuscated, or of a brownish-nigrescent hue ; throat and breast
dingy-whitish, a little tinged with yellow; the rest of the lower parts
more deeply and conspicuously tinged with yellow; bill dusky, with
yellow tomiz, and elsewhere an appearance of its becoming ultimately
wholly yellow; the tarsi plumbeous. The nestling tertiaries, and
the outer webs of the nestling primaries, are of a dingy chestnut-
colour; and there is a shade of the same upon the tail. The same
appears to be the case with the young of H. malaccensis ; and the
two species considerably resemble at first sight; but the present
may readily be distinguished by its infuscated crown and its un-
streaked throat and breast.”

“ Length about 8} inches; of wing, from 34 to nearly 4 inches;
and tail 84 inches ; bill to gape, 1 inch, in some } more; tarse, 2 of
aninch; the tail is a little graduated, but inclines to assume the true
Hypsipetes shape. The bill is rather shorter than H. malaccensis,
and the coronal feathers tend less to assume the pointed form.”
—(Blyth.)

Genus Puytiornis, Bote, Isis (182-). Temm., Teat de Pl.

Col. 484. :

Cutoropsis, Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. Text to t. 7 (1826).
21

258 CATALOGUE.

394. PHYLLORNIS HARDWICKITI, Jard. et Selby Sp.
Chloropsis Hardwickii, Jard. et Selby, Monog. Jerd.
Madr. Journ. XIII. pt. 2, p. 125. :
Phyllornis Hardwickii, Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XI.
p. 106; XIT. p. 955; XIIT. p. 392; XIV. p. 566;
XV. p. 49; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 212. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 124. Hodgs., Cat. B.
of Nep. p. 60. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 396.
Chloropsis curvirostris, Swains. 2% Cent. p. 345 (1838).
Delessert, Voy. dans V Inde, II. p. 28, t. 7.
Chloropsis chrysogaster, McClell., P. Z. S. (1839), p. 167.
Chloropsis auriventris, Guerin., Mag. de Zool. (1840),t.17.
Chloropsis cyanopterus, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 82.
Hardwick’s Phyllornis, Gray.
Borne-pan-THAY, Arracan, Blyth.
A. B. g 9. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c.d.e. 3 3. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
fg. Drawings, ¢ 9. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq.

395. PHYLLORNIS AURIFRONS, Temm.

Phyllornis aurifrons, Temm., Pl. Col. 484, f.1. Blyth,
J, A. S. Beng. XI. p. 458; XII. p. 956; XIV.
p. 566; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 212. G. RB.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 124. Hodgs., Cat. B. of
Nep. p. G1. Bonap., C0. G. Av. p. 396.

Chloropsis aurifrons, Jard. et Selby, Monog. Jerd. Madr.
Journ. XIII. pt. 2, p. 123.

Chloropsis malabaricus, apud Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. t. 5-

Merops Hurryba, Dr. F. B. Hamilton, MS. 1. p. 66.

Hurruwa Bee-eater, Lath., Hist. IV. p. 125, ¢. 68.

Hurryba (‘various voices ’), Hamilton.

The Golden-fronted Phyllornis, Gray.

Suxtz Harrwa, Nepal, Hodgs.

Neet-tstn, Arracan, Blyth.

a. & N. India. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal. ;
b. Drawing. Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

CATALOGUE. : 259

“This species is no despicable songster, and lives and sings well in
confinement.’’—(Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 458.)

396. PHYLLORNIS JERDONI, Blyth.

Phyllornis Jerdoni, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 392
(1843); XIV. p. 566; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 212. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 396.

Chloropsis Jerdoni, Jerd., Lil. Ind. Orn. t. 43. Madr.
Journ, XIII. pt. 2, p. 124.
Chloropsis coesmarhynchos,* apud Tickell, J. A. 8. Beng.
Il. p. 577. Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 956.
Phyllornis ccesmarhynchus, G. &. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p. 124.

Chloropsis cochinsinensis, apud Jerd. Madr. Journ. L.
S. X. p. 247. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XII. p. 957.

Turdus malabaricus, apud Lath. Hist. 1V. p. 189 (Jer-
dont, 2).

Blue-chinned Trush, var. a., Lath., Hist. V. p. 938 (ditto).

Common Green Bulbul, Jerd.

a.b. & 9. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of

Bengal. .

“ This species is spread over a great part of the continent of India,
wherever there is a sufficiency of woodland. It is extremely common
in all the western provinces, and in the jungles of the Eastern
Ghauts, but it is rarely met with in the open country of the
Carnatic, Mysore, or Hydrabad, and there only in the vicinity of
well-wooded towns. It is usually met with in pairs, flitting about
the extreme branches of trees, examining the leaves for various
insects, after which it occasionally takes a short flight of a foot or
two, or searching for some suitable fruit. It has a somewhat varied
note, its usual call being, as Mr. Blyth remarks, not unlike that of
the King Crow (Dicrurus macrocercus), though softened down and
mellowed, and occasionally is very agreeable. I have seen a nest of
this species in the possession of 8. N. Ward, Esq.; it is a neat but
slight cup-shaped nest, composed chiefly of fine grass, and was placed
near the extremity of a branch, some of the nearest leaves being, it
was said, brought down and loosely surrounding it. It contained
two eggs, white, with a few claret-coloured blotches. Its nest and

* This name appears to be a misprint for gampsorhynchus.

260 CATALOGUE.

eggs, I may remark, show an analogy to that of the Orioles.”—
(Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn.)

“This bird is a beautiful songster, and an excellent mocker, and
imitates the notes of almost every small bird of the country.”—
(Tickell, J. A. S. B. IL. p. 578.)

“ Extremely common in the south of Ceylon, but rare towards the
north. It feeds in small flocks on seeds and msects, and builds an
open cup-shaped nest. The eggs, four in number, are white, thickly
mottled at the obtuse end with purplish spots.’’—(Layard, Ann.
N. H. (1853), p. 176.)

397. PHYLLORNIS COCHINCHINENSIS, Gmel. Sp.
| Turdus cochinchinensis, Gmel., S. N. L. I. p. 825.
Lath., Hist. 1V. p.189. Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soe.
XIIT. p. 309.
Phyllornis cochinchinensis, Bote, Isis. Temm., Pl. Col.
484, f. 2. WStrickl., Ann. Nat. Hist. XIX. p. 130.
Blyth, Journ. A. 8S. Beng. XIV. p. 565; Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 218. G. R. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, I. p. 124. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 396.
Chloropsis malabaricus, apud Hyton, P. Z. 8. (1839),
p. 102. Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 957
(nec. foem.).
Chloropsis moluccensis, J. E. Gray, Zool. Mise. p. 33.
Phyllornis moluccensis, Strickl., P. Z. S. (1846), p. 100.
Burone Davy, Sumatra, Raffles.
Neer-tstn, Arracan, Blyth.

A.B. g 2, and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir
T. S. Raffles.

398. PH YLLORNIS JAVENSIS, Horsf. Sp.

Meliphaga javensis, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 152, g (1820).

Turdus cochinchinensis, var., Raffles, Trans, Linn. Soc.
XIII. p. 309.

Chloropsis Sonneratii, Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. text to
t. 7 (1826), ef t. 100. Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XII.
p- 958; XIV. p. 564. Jerd. Madr. Journ. XIII.
pt. 2, p. 125.

Phyllornis Sonneratu, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.

CATALOGUE. 261

p. 218. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 124.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 396.

Phyllornis Mulleri, Zemm., Text de Pl. Col.

Turdus viridis, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 148
(juv. 9). Lath., Hist. V. p. 9.

Chloropsis gampsorhynchus, Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. t.7.

Chloropsis zosterops, Vigors, App. Mem. Raffles, p. 674.

Cuucuack-13u, Java, Horsf. 8.

Isoan, Java, Horsf. 9.

Davy, or Dawown, Malay, Eyton.

A. b. &. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

c. 6, and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S.
Rafiles.

Genus Yuunina, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 165 (1836); J. A.
S. Beng. VI. p. 230.
Poutyopvon, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. X. p. 28 (1841).

399. YUHINA GULARIS, Hodgs.

Yuhina gularis, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 166; Journ.
A. 8. Beng. VI. p. 231; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 74.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 100. G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 199. _ Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 397.

Polyodon gularis, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p82.

Spotted-throated Yuhin, Hodgs.

Yuuty, Nepal, Hodgs.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

c. d. e. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.

400. YUHINA OCCIPITALIS, Hodgs.

Yuhina occipitalis, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 167.
Journ. A. S. Beng. VI. p. 231; Cat. B. of Nep.
p. 74; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 100.
G. Rh. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.199. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 397.

Polyodon occipitalis, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 82.

262 CATALOGUE. =

Rusty-naped Yuhin, Hodgs.

A. B. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.

401. YOUHINA NIGRIMENTUNM, Hodgs.
Yuhina nigrimentum, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 82; Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 562; Cat. B.
of Nep. p. 74. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 199. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 397.
Black-chinned Yuhin, Hodgs.

a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“These little birds, so far as I have yet ascertained, adhere
exclusively to the wild uplands, preferring the lower and more
umbrageous to the higher and barer trees, and seem to procure no
portion of their food from the ground. They are usually found in
small flocks; and have a monotonous feeble monosyllabic note.
They feed on viscid stony berries and fruits, and tiny insects that
harbour in the cups of large deep flowers, such as the Rhododendrons,
and to which the birds cling with their strong feet. Their intestines
are about the length of their body (from the tip of the bill to the tip
of the tail), furnished with grain-like cceca near the lower end, and
of nearly uniform diameter. Their stomach has the muscular coat of
very moderate sub-equal thickness, and the lining neither very
tough nor much grooved.’’—(Hodgs., J. A. 8. Beng. VI. p. 281.)

Genus Ixutus, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 23; Journ. A. S.
Beng. XIV. p. 562.

402. IXULUS FLA VICOLLIS, Hodgs.

Yuhina flavicollis, Hodgs., As. es. XIX. p. 167;
Journ. A. 8. Beng. VI. p. 232; Cat. B. of Nep.
p. 74. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 199,
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 397.

Txulus flavicollis, Hodgs. P. Z. S. (1845), p. 24;
Journ. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 562. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 100.

Yellow-necked Yuhin, Hodgs.

A. B. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c.d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esgq., June, 1853.

CATALOGUE. 263

Genus Myzornis, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 984
(1843) ; XIV. -p. 561.
403. MYZORNIS PYRRHOURA, Hodgs.
Myzornis pyrrhoura, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 984;
XIV. p. 561; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 74. Blyth, Cat.
B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 101.
Yuhina pyrrhoura, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.199,
t. 53. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 397.
The Fire-tailed Myzornis, Hodgs.
a. b. c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esgq.,
June, 1853.
“This bird inhabits the northern and central hills of Nepal.”’—
(Hodgs.)
Genus ZostERops, Vigors et Horsf:, Trans. Linn. Soc. XV.
p. 234 (1827).
404. ZOSTHEROPS FLAVUS, Horsf. Sp.
Dicceum flavum, Horsf:, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII: p. 170
(1820). Lath., Hist. IV. p. 244.
Zosterops flavus, Strickl. in epistolé. Hartl., Rev. Zool.
Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 563. G. BR. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 198. Bonap., C. G. Av. p.398.
The Yellow Warbler, Zath.
A. b. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

405. ZOSTHEROPS JAVANICUS, Horsf. Sp.

Sylvia javanica, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 156.
Lath., Hist. VII. p. 217. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, I. p. 174 (exclus. syn.).

Zosterops javanicus, Hartl., Rev. Zool. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p.198. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 898.

Phylloscopus javanicus, Strickl. in epistold. Blyth, J.
A. 8. Beng. XIII. p. 393; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p.185 (exclus. syn.).

The Javan Warbler, Lath.

Ortoz Opior, Java, Horsf.
A. b.c. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

406. ZOSTEROPS PALPEBROSUS, Temm. Sp.
Sylvia palpebrosa, Zemm., Pl. Col. 293, f. 3.

264 CATALOGUE.

Zosterops palpebrosus, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XV. p. 44;
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 220.- G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 198. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 398.

Zosterops madagascariensis of India, vel Z. maderas-
patana Auctorum (vide J. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 562).

Sylvia annulosa, var. a., Swains., Zool. Lil.

Zosterops nicobaricus, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIV.
p- 563; XV. p. 370.

The White-eyed Warbler, Lath.

A. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. Mc(Clel-
land, Esq.

b. c. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.

“ These beautiful little birds are exceedingly common at Mussooree,
at an elevation of about 5,000 feet, during summer, but I never saw
them much higher. They arrive from the plains about the middle
of April, on the 17th of which month I saw a pair commence
building in a thick bush of Hybiseus ; and on the 27th of the same
month the nest contained three small eggs, hard set. I subsequently
took a second from a similar bush, and several from the drooping
branches of oak-trees, to the twigs of which they were fastened. It
is not placed on a branch, but is suspended between two thin twigs, to
which it is fastened by floss silk, torn from the coccoons of Bombyx
Huttoni, Westw., and by a few slender fibres of the bark of trees,
or hair, according to circumstances. So slight and so fragile is the
little oval cup, that it is astonishing the mere weight of the parent
bird does not bring it to the ground; and yet, within it, three
young ones will often safely outride a gale that will bring the
weightier nests of Jays and Thrushes to the ground. Of seven nests
now before me, four are composed externally of little bits of green
moss, cotton, and seed-down, and the silk of the wild mulberry moth
torn from the coccoons, with which last material, however, the others
appear to be bound together; within, the lining of two is of the long
hairs of the Yak’s tail (Poéphagus grunniens), two of which died on
the estate where these nests were found ; and the third is lined with
black human hair ; the other three are formed of somewhat different —
materials, two being externally composed of fine grass-stalks, seed-
down, and shreds of bark, so fine as to resemble tow; one is lined

CATALOGUE. 265
with seed-down and black fibrous lichens resembling hair ; another
is lined with fine grass; and a third with a thick coating of pure
white silky seed-down. In all the seven, the materials of the two
sides are wound round the twigs, between which they are suspended
like a cradle, and the shape is an ovate cup, about the size of half a
hen’s egg, split longitudinally. The diameter and depth are re-
spectively 2 x #, and 14 inches. The eggs usually three in number,
of a very pale whitish green; diameter 58; x 58; inches. The young
continue with the old birds for some time after leaving the nest, and
are often mixed up with the flocks of Parus erythrocephalus. They
appear to feed greedily upon the small black berries of a species of
Rhamnus, common in these localities. They depart for the Doon
about the end of October.’’—(Capt. Hutton, J. A. 8. Beng. XVII.
pt. II. p. 690.)

“This bird is found in great abundance on the summit of the
Neilgherries. Towards the more northern portion of the table-land
it begins to occur, though sparingly, in the more wooded parts ; and
it is of tolerably frequent occurrence among the more wooded
valleys of the northern Ghauts. On the Neilgherries, it frequents
both the thick woods and gardens, and in the latter may often be
seen clinging to the flower-stalks, extracting the minute insects that
infest flowers, by the pollen of which its forehead is often powdered.
It feeds generally in small flocks, is lively and brisk in its movements,
and keeps up a continual feeble twitter.” —(Jerd., Madr. Journ. XI.
p. 7.)

“ Ts also common in the southern and midland districts of Ceylon,
but rare towards the north. It is usually found in small parties,
creeping about blossoming trees, examining the flowers where it
finds its food. It builds a cup-nest, fixed in the fork of two branches.”
—(Layard, Ann. Nat. Hist. (1853), p. 267.)

Genus Iora, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 151 (1820) ;

Zool. Res. in Java, p.

407. TORA SCAPULARIS, Horsf.
Iora scapularis, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 152;
Zool. Res. in Java, t. (2). Raffles, Trans. Linn.
Soc. XIII. p.311. Lath., Hist. V1. p.336. Blyth,
Journ. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 381; XIV. p. 602;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 214. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 199. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 396.
2m

266 CATALOGUE,

Tora viridissima, Zemm., Mus. Lugd. Bonap., OC. G.
Av. p. 397 (3).

Scapular Wagtail, Lath.

Cuito, Java, Horsf.

Burone Capas, Malay, Eyton.

A. b.c. 9, and Drawing. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s
Collection.

d.e. f. &. Malacca. Purchased.
e. 9. Drawing. From Sir T. 8. Raffles’ Collection.

“This is a bird of social habits, and resorts to the vicinity of
human dwellings; indeed, it appears to have retired from the forests,
and established itself in the trees and hedges which surround the
villages and plantations. The structure of its wings does not enable
it to take long-continued excursions, but it shows itself by short and
frequent flights between the trees and branches. It is most lively
in the middle of the day, when, under a burning sun, the inhabitants
uniformly retire to rest; early in the morning, and towards the
approach of night, it is rarely perceived; but during the silence pre-
vailing at noon, it enlivens the village with the song of Cheetoo,
Cheetoo, which it repeats at short intervals during its sportive sallies
between the branches. It feeds on small insects, and its economy
is in some measure illustrated by the comparative length and sharp-
ness of the bill, and by the broken and splintery state in which the
claws are frequently found. The lamina, or plates which compose
them, are separated, and the sides are marked with small fissures,
which appear to be occasioned by incessant use in scraping the bark
of trees.’’—(Horsf., Zool. Res. in Java.)

408. [ORA TYPHIA, Linn. Sp.

Motacilla typhia, Linn., 8S. NV. I. p. 331. Edw., Birds,
t. 79.

Tora typhia, Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1832), p. 89. Blyth, Journ.
A.S. Beng. XIII. p. 380; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 214. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 199.
Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 86. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 397.

Ficedula bengalensis, Briss., Orn. III. p. 484.

Sylvia zeylonica, apud Lath., Hist. VII. p. 127.

Mottacilla subviridis, Tickell, J. A. S. Beng. Il. p. 577.

CATALOGUE. 267

Tora meliceps, apud Horsf., J. A. S. Beng. X. p. 50.
Green Indian Warbler, Lath.

Cuantuck, Bengal, Hamilton’s MS. I. p. 21; Ll. p. 96.
TaFrFiKa, (ditto).

Fatixsa Tovurix, Blyth.

A.B. g 2. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society
of Bengal.

c. ad. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

e. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

f. & %. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Col-

lection.

409. IORA ZEYLONICA, Gmel. Sp.

Motacilla zeylonica, Gmel., S. NW. L. I. p. 964. Var. A.
Lath., Hist. VII. p. 128. (Browns., Lil. t. 15, f. 2.
Levaill., Ois. d Afr. t. 141.)

Tora zeylonica, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIII. p. 380;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 218. G. RB. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 199. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 397.

Motacilla cingalensis et melanictera, Gimel.

Fringilla multicolor, Gmel., S. N. ZL. 1. p. 924, Lath,
Hist. V1. p. 111.

Tora melaceps, Swains.

Tora typhia, apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. X. p. 248.

Snow Buvuean or SHow BuEraen, Hind., Jerd.

KiriKaHAYE and Ca-coorootta (‘ Yellow Bird’), Cey-
lon, Layard.

Mam-Patta-cooroovi (‘ Mango-fruit Bird ’), Mal., Zd.

a.b. c. 8. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

“This is one of the most common birds, and may be seen daily in
almost every garden. Its habits are even still more active and
restless than those of any other of this family, being much like those
of the titmouse. It may be seen diligently and carefully searching
the smaller branches and twigs of trees, climbing actively among
them, peering under the leaves, and occasionally hanging, like a
titmouse, from a slender twig, all the while keeping up a loud
warbling strain, or a low querulous sort of note, very different from
each other. It is not confined to cultivated ground, but is also an

268 CATALOGUE.

inhabitant of the open spaces of jungle. Its flight is performed by
a succession of quick vibrations of the wing, and causes a loud
whining sound. Its food consists of various insects, and their larve,
spiders, &c. I once, in the West Coast, in the month of September,
met with a nest of this species in the fork of a low tree; it was
more neatly and carefully made than any other of the few nests I
have seen in this country; it contained young ones. It gets its
Hindustanee name from its cry, being said to repeat the words,
show bheega, show bheega, before rain.”—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. X.
p- 248.)

“Ts extremely abundant in Ceylon, generally found in pairs,
creeping about trees. The note is a clear bell-like whistle, which
may be imitated on an octave flute.’”—(Layard, Ann. Nat. Hist.
(1853), p. 267.) ,

Subfam. V. ORIOLINA, Vigors.

Genus OrtoLus, Linn. S, NV. (1766).
PsaropuHouts, Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. (1839).

410. ORIOLUS XANTHONOTUS, Horsf:

Oriolus xanthonotus, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 152 (1820) ; Zool. Res. in Java,t. Lath. Hist.
III. p. 148. Wagler, Syst. Av. p. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 282. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng.
XV. p. 49; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p, 215.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 346.

Oriolus leucogaster, Reinwardt, Temm. Pi. Col. 214,
ete 2

Oriolus castanopterus, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 796, 9.

The Yellow-backed Oriole, Lath.

Sepone Rayars, or SimprLone Rar, Malay, Hyton.

Arrat, Java (eastern districts), Horsf.

A. Bio. go 3. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

d. Drawing (0. castanopterus, Blyth). From Edward
Blyth, Esq.

“T found this bird in Blitar, in a district covered with extensive
forests; it is found solitary in a few circumscribed situations in the
island of Java. As far as I have observed, it never quits the closest
shades.’’—(Horsf., Res. in Java.)

CATALOGUE. 269

411. ORIOLUS MELANOCEPHALUS, Linn.
Oriolus melanocephalus, Linn., 8. WV. I. p. 160. Lath.,
Hist. III. p. 140. Wagler, Syst. Av. p. Sykes, P.
Z. 8S. (1832), p. 87. Jerd., Madr. Journ. X. p. 262.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 232. Blyth, J. A.
S. Beng. XV. p.45; XX. p.181; Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. Beng. p. 215. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 846.
Oriolus maderaspatanus, Frankl., P. Z. S. (1831),
p. 118, jun.
Oriolus McCoshii, Tickell, J. A. S. Beng. I. p. 577, jun.
Oriolus Hodgsonii, Swaims., 2% Cent. p. 290. Blyth,
J. XI. pp.460, 797. Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 87.
Black-headed Oriole, Lath.
Mango-bird of the English residents in India, Hamilton.
Banta-BHOU, Bengal, Hamilton. Blyth.
Neuet-wa, Arracan, Blyth.
PILUK -ZuRDUK, Plains, Royle.
JaRpPitucK, Bhagulpore, Hamilton.
Prroua, Gorakpore, Hamilton.
Konpa Vanea Pannv, Telugu, Blyth.
A. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq.
b. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
c. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
“This bird is dispersed throughout India, and is very common in
all parts of Bengal; it frequents groves, and is constantly flying from
tree to tree. It feeds upon the berries of the Bhur and Pepul trees,
and on insects. In the spring, its monotonous, low-toned, constantly
repeated note (which resembles one lengthened full-toned note on

the flute) is a positive pest, and resounds from every side.”’—
(Pearson, J. A. S. Beng. X. p. 641.)

“Frequents the groves and gardens of Bengal during the whole
year, and builds a very rude nest of bamboo leaves and the fibres
that invest the top of the cocoa-nut or other palms. In March, I

found a nest with the young unfledged.”—(Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s
MS. II. p. 86.)

412, ORIOLUS MONACHUS, Giel. Sp.
Turdus monacha, Gmel., S. NV. ZL. I. p. 824. Lath,
Hast. III. p. 142.

270 CATALOGUE.

Oriolus monachus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 232.

Oriolus moloxita, Rupp., Faun. Abyss. p. 29, t. 12, f. 1.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 847.

The Nun Oriole, Lath,

A. B. Cape of Good Hope. Presented by Dr. Horsfield.

413. ORIOLUS MACROURUS, Blyth.
Oriolus macrourus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XV. pp. 46,
370; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 216. ;
The Nicobar Black-naped Oriole.

a. g. Nicobar. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

414. ORITOLUS CHINENSIS, Linn.

Oriolus chinensis, Linn., S. NV. I. p. 160. G. BR. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 232. Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng.
XV. p.46; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 215.

Oriolus cochinchinensis, Briss., Orn. IL. ¢. 33, f. 1.

Oriolus acrorhynchus, Vigors, P. Z. S. (18381), p. 97.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, t. 58. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 348.

? Le Couliavan, Buff.

The Chinese Black-naped Oriole.

a. Donor unknown.

415. ORIOLUS INDICUS, Briss.

Oriolus indicus, Briss., II. p. 328. Jerd., Lil. Ind. Orn.
t.15. Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XV. p.47. Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 216. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 348.

Oriolus chinensis et cochinchinensis of India, Auctorwm.

Oriolus chinensis, apud Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 308.

Indian Black-naped Oriole.

Trona Atov, or Puntrne Atov, Sumatra, Raffles.

A. B. g and Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. 8.
Raffles.
cd. g 2. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

“Rather a rare bird in India generally, and has never been seen
from the Himalayas. About Calcutta it is very rare; but in the

CATALOGUE. 271

countries eastward of the bay it is generally common, as in the island
of Ramree (Arracan), in the Tenasserim provinces and Malay
peninsula.””—(Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XV. p. 48.)

“Very common in the northern parts of Tenasserim. A bird of
passage in October and November. Feeds on the fruit of fig-trees.”’
—(Helfer’s MS. Notes.)

416. ORIOLUS HIPPOCREPSIS, Wadler.

Oriolus hippocrepsis, Wagler, Syst. Aviwm (1827).

Oriolus coronatus, Swains., 24 Cent. p. 342 (1837).
Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn. p. . Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng.
XV. p.48; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. App. p. xxiii.

Oriolus Horsfieldii, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 848 (1850).

Oriolus galbula, apud Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XAII.
p. 152.

The Lesser Black-naped Oriole.
Kerropane, Java, Horsf.

A. @. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
417. ORIOLUS GALBULA, Linn.

Coracias oriolus, Scopoli, Ann. I. p. 45.

Oriolus galbula, Linn., 8S. N. I. p. 160. Lath., Hist.
III. p. 185. Wagler, Syst. Av. p. Gould., B. of
Eur. t. 71. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 847.

The Golden Oriole, Lath.

Sap ’smEen (Arabic), Mesopotamia, Jones.

A. B. g 2- Mesopotamia. Presented by Commander
J ones.

418. ORIOLUS KUNDOO, Sykes.

Oriolus Kundoo, Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1832), p. 87 (junior) ;
J. A. S. Beng. III. p. 536. Strickl., Ann. Nat.
Hist. XIII. p. 37. Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn. p.
G. Rh. Gray, Gen. of Birds, p. 232. Hodgs., Cat.
B. of Nep. p. 87. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XV. p. 49;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 216. Fraser, Zool.
Typ. t. 38. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 348.

Oriolus galbuloides, Gould, P. Z. S. (1841), p. 6.

Oriolus galbula, var. A., Lath., Hist. III. p. 187.

Oriolus galbula, apud Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1882), p. 87 (adult).

272 CATALOGUE.

Oriolus aureus, apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. X. p. 261.
Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. X1. p. 797.

The Indian Golden Oriole.

Mango-bird of the English residents in India, Jerd.

PEEBECK, Hind., Jerd.

PawseEH, Mahrattas, Sykes.

A. B.C. d. @ 9, jun. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel
Sykes.

e.f. g, adult et jun. Kumaon. From Captain R. Stra-
chey’s Collection.

“This bird, so very common in the Indian peninsula, and which
extends up to the N. W. Himalaya, occurs also in the hilly parts of
Bengal, as Rajmahl and Monghir, and at Midnapore; but in the
vicinity of Calcutta I have never met with it, nor seen specimens in
any Collection from the countries eastward.’’—(Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng.
XV. p. 49.)

“Tn the Dukhun, it is very abundant just before the rains. It is ©

a quarrelsome bird.’’—(Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 87.)

“Tn the Carnatic, it is most abundant, I think, during the cold
weather, disappearing or nearly so during the hot months. This
corresponds with the period of their greatest abundance in the
Dukhun. It is most numerous in the West Coast, and well-wooded
situations; frequents topes, gardens, avenues, and large single trees.
It feeds on various fruit, especially the fig of the banian-tree, and
also soft-bodied insects. It is not met with in thick forest jungle.
Its flight is undulating. It has a loud mellow, plaintive cry, some-
thing resembling pee-ho. I once found the nest of this species; it
consisted of a cup-shaped nest, slightly made with fine grass and
roots, and suspended from a-rather high branch by a few long fibres
of the same material apparently as the nest itself; these did not
surround the nest, but only supported it on two sides. It con-
tained three eggs, white, spotted chiefly at the larger end with large
purplish blotches.’”—(Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn.)

419. ORIOLUS TRAILILII, Vigors Sp.
Pastor Traillii, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1831), p. 175. Gould,
Cat. of Birds, t. 35.

Oriolus Traillii, Hodgs., J. A. 8. Beng. V. p. 772; Cat.

B. of Nep. p. 87. MeOlell., P. Z. 8. (1839),
p.160. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XI. pp. 192, 797;

CATALOGUE. 273:

XV. p. 45; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 215. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 282.
Psaropholus Traillii, Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. 2nd ser.
t. 26 (1838). Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 345.
Traill’s Oriole, Gray.
A. ¢. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
B. ¢. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.
c.d. § @. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

Genus Irena, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 153.

420. IRENA PUELLA, Lath. Sp.
Coracias puella, Lath., Ind. Orn. I. p. 171; Gen. Hist.
III. p. 88, Ind. var. Shaw's Zool. VII. p. 398.
Irena puella, McClell., P. Z. S. (1839), p. 160. Jerd.,
Madr. Journ. L. S. X. p. 262. Blyth, J. A. 8.
Beng. XV. p.308; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 214
(Ind. var.).

Trena indica, A. Hay, Madr. Journ. L. 8. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 349.

Fairy Roller, Lath.

Fairy Blue Bird, Jerd.

Neert-pya-zax, Arracan, Blyth.

A. g. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.

B. 9. and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq.

C. g. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

“This most lovely-plumaged bird is far from being uncommon in
many of the lofty forest jungles of Malabar; I have seen it in the
jungles near Palghautcherry, Trichoor, the Wynaad, and on the
Coonoor Ghaut, as high as 4,000 feet, and upwards. It is only
found in the densest portions of the jungle. It lives generally in
small parties of four or five, or more, occasionally in pairs ; frequents
the loftiest trees near their summits, and feeds on various fruits and
berries. It has aloud, mellow, agreeable warble, which it is frequently
heard repeating, by which I have generally first detected their
presence in the thick and umbrageous parts of the forest they in-
habit.” —(Jerd., Madr. Journ. X. p. 262.)

2n

274 CATALOGUE.

421. JRENA MALAYENSIS, Moore.

Irena puella of the Malay countries, Auctorum. (Horsf.,
Zool. Res. in Java, t. @. 9. TLemm., Pl. Col. 70,
225,476. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 849.)

Bresst, Java, Horsf.

Brane Kapoor, Sumatra, Paffes.

Quayane or Krovuine, Malay, Eyton.

A. Boe g 9. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

D. g, and Drawing. Sumatra. From Raffles’s Collec-
tion.

e. f. 2. Malacca. Purchased.

The distinction between the Indian and Malayan Jrena was first
pointed out by Lord Arthur Hay, to the former of which he gave
the name of £. indica; but as the specimen described by Latham
was from India, the name puella will apply to those from the
Continent only ; consequently, the Malayan is without a name, for
which species Malayensis is applied. “In the Malayan bird, the
under tail-coverts reach quite to the end of the tail; while in Z
puella, Lath., they are never less than an inch and a quarter short of
the tail-tip in the males, and generally an inch and a half short in
the females. I have verified this observation upon so many examples,
from both regions, that there can be no doubt of the fact.’’—(Blyth,
J. A.S. Beng. XV. p. 308.)

“This species inhabits woods and forests, feeding on fruits and
wild grains. In Java it is a very rare bird, and confined to a few
districts, where it conceals itself on solitary hills, distant from the
habitations of man, preferring rather elevated and cool situations.
I met with it only in the western parts of the island; once in the
province of Banyu-mas, and a second time on the ridges of hills
situated southwest from Buitenzorg. This bird is also found in the
interior of Sumatra and the adjacent islands.’—(Horsf., Zool. Res.
in Jaya.)

CATALOGUE. 275

Fam. 1V. SYLVIADA, Vigors.
Subfam. I. SAXICOLINA, Vigors.

Genus Copsycnus, Wagler, Syst. Av. (1827).
Grruttvora, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. (1831).
Crercotricuas, Bote, Isis (1831).

Danita, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 186 (1836).
PotypErra, Hodgs., J. A. 8S. Beng. X. p. 28 (1841).

4292. COPSYCHUS SAULARIS, Linn. Sp.

Gracula saularis, Zinn., S. NV. I. p. 165. Lath., Hist.

| III. p. 165.

Copsychus saularis, Wagler, Syst. Av. Blyth, J. A. 8.
Beng. XI. p. 889; XVI. p. 139; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 166. G.R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.177.
Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p.67. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 267. Layard, Ann. N. H. (1853), p. 263.

Turdus saularis, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 87. Pearson,
J. A. 8S. Beng. X. p. 642. Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton,
MS. I. p. 15.

Gryllivora intermedia, Swains., 2} Cent. p.291. Jerd.,
Madr. Journ. X. p. 263.

Dahila docilis, Hodgs., As. Res. XTX. p. 189.

Kittacincla melanoleuca, Less., Rev. Zool. (1840), p. 354.

The Dial Bird, Lath.

The Magpie Robin of the Europeans resident in Ceylon,
Layard.

Daya, Beng., Hamilton. Blyth.

Dayyur or Dryr, Hind., Jerdon.

THABEITGYEE, Arracan, Blyth.

Sa-Ka, Siam, Finlayson.

Pouicuta, Cing., Layard.

Caravy Cooroovi (‘ Charcoal Bird’), Mal., Layard.

A. b. g ¢. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

d.e. § 9. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Col-
lection.

f. Drawing. Siam. Finlayson.
g- & ¢. Drawing. Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

276 CATALOGUE.

“The Dayal is generally spread throughout India, and frequents
jungles, gardens, avenues, topes, &c: It is solitary; frequenting
thick trees and bushes; feeds on the ground, flying down from a
low branch, its usual perch, and frequently hopping a few steps on
the ground, jerking its tail well up every now and then. Onsecuring -
an insect, it flies back to its perch, elevating its tail on re-seating
itself, and uttering a pleasant warble. Towards evening, it may
often be seen near the top of some lofty tree in the jungle, pouring
forth its agreeable song, which, however beautiful, must yield the
palm to the Shama (Kittacincla macroura).’’—(Jerd., Madr. Journ.
X. p. 263.)

“ Arrives on the hills, up to 5,000 feet, in the beginning of April.
It returns to the Doon and the plains in early autumn. It breeds
in May, on the 19th of which month I took a nest from a bank by
the roadside ; it was composed of green mosses, and lined with very
fine roots. Eggs four, carneous cream-colour, somewhat blistered at
the larger end; diameter, +2 x 8; ins. ‘Delights to sit on the top-
most branches of a tree, generally selecting a dry and leafless twig,
from whence it utters a pleasing song, which is replied to by another
individual at no great distance. When on the ground, it hops with
the wings half open or drooping, and at each hop it stops to spread
and jerk its tail.”’—(Hutton, J, A. 8. Beng. XVII. pt. 2, p. 686.)

“The Dayals, if found in the wilds, tenant meadows and grass-
land, provided with brushwood; but they are nowhere so common as
in- gardens and on lawns, which they enliven in spring by their song,
and, at all times, by their vivacity and familiarity. They dislike and
avoid the interior of woods. Their usual food is grubs, worms,
beetles, grasshoppers, and their congeners; rarely, in winter, they
take unripe vetches, and such like, but never gravel, sand, or hard
seeds. They move quickly on the ground, yet perch firmly and
readily, frequently watching for their prey on a low twig, to which
they return as soon as they have beaten it to death on the ground.
They never seize on the wing. When cattle pass their way, they
will partially attend on the herd, descending occasionally from their
perch to snap up the insects and grubs brought to light by the act
of grazing. These birds are perpetually in motion, and raise and
depress the body with flirtation of the tail, exactly in the Wagtail
manner. Their habits of society, in respect to their own kind, are
solitary, or nearly so, except in the breeding season, when these mono-
gamous and attached birds steadily unite to rear and defend their
young. The female usually lays five spotted eggs, bringing up from

CATALOGUE. 277

three to four young ones, and but once a year, unless the first: brood
has failed or been rifled from her. The nest is carelessly made of
grass, but is always placed in a secure and sheltered position,—com-
monly.a hole in a wall, sometimes the interior of a low, thick, prickly
plant. The Dayal is one of the boldest and most docile of birds,
and is perpetually caged both for his song and his pugnacity. Few
of the Thrushes have a finer note, nor is it degraded by apish tricks
of imitation, though this intelligent bird will lend its courage for the
profit or amusement of its keeper. In the spring, the male birds
are perpetually challenging each other, and no sooner is the defiance
of one uttered than it is answered by another. The professional
bird keeper, availing himself of this propensity, takes out his tame
male on his fist, and proceeds to the nearest garden or grove; the
bird, at his bidding, presently challenges; the wild one immediately
answers; the former is then slipped, and a desperate contest ensues
between the two, during which the fowler readily secures the wild
bird, with the tame one’s assistance ; for the latter will deliberately
aid his owner’s purpose, seizing the wild bird at the critical moment
with both claws and bill, and retaining it till his master comes up, in
case it has not been so much exhausted by the previous contest as to
be disabled from flying away upon the man’s approach. Fighting
the tame birds is a favourite amusement of the rich, nor can any
race of game-cocks contend with more energy and resolution than
do these birds.” —(Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 186.)

“This bird is used by the Mussulmen when inyoking the name of
God.”’—(Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s MS.)

“In Ceylon, this familiar bird is called the ‘Magpie Robin’ by
Europeans, and the natives regard it with as much interest as we do
our own red-breasted favourite, of which it is the Eastern repre-
sentative. It is seldom seen away from habitations, about which it
usually builds, though the nest is often placed in a thick bush or
hollow tree. The eggs, commonly four in number, are bright blue,
thickly spotted with brown at the obtuse end. The food is insects
of all kinds and in all stages, captured on the ground and on trees.
They have a variety of notes, and the song poured out in the
fulness of their joy in the pairing season is very pleasing. On the
top of a towering cotton-tree, opposite my residence in Colombo
(in Ceylon), a Magpie Robin daily for some weeks charmed me
with his song, whilst his mate sat brooding her eggs or callow
nestlings in the roof of a native hut beneath him. One morning,
after the young had left the nest and betaken themselves to the

278 ~ CATALOGUE.

neighbouring compounds, I was attracted by cries of distress from
various birds and squirrels, and, above all, I heard the seemingly
plaintive mewing of a cat; I had no living specimen of the last
in my Museum, so, wondering what could be the matter, went
into my garden to see. I found the mewing proceeded from my
friends the Robins, who were furiously attacking something in a
bush, whilst the birds and squirrels screamed in concert. There I
found one of the young Robins (whose plumage, by the way, at that
early age, much resembles that of the European bird, being speckled
with yellow), caught, as I thought, in the tendrils of a creeper; I
put out my hand to release it, when, to my surprise, I saw the
glittering eyes of the green whip-snake (Zrimesurus viridis, Lacep.),
in whose fangs the bird was struggling. I seized the reptile by the
neck and rescued the bird, but too late; it lay panting in my hand
for a few moments, then fluttered and died. On skinning it, I found
no wound, except on the outer joint of the wing by which it had
been seized, and am confident that fear alone deprived it of life. A
favourite attitude of this bird is standing with the tail elevated over
the back, either perpendicularly, or thrown so much forward as to
nearly touch the head, the wings drooping; in this position, they
only utter a low note. During the dry season, some of our birds
become so discoloured with the dust of our red kabook soil, that
they are useless as specimens for preserving.’”’—(Layard, Ann. Nat.
Hist. (1853), p. 263.)

423. COPSYCHUS MINDANENSIS, Gmel. Sp.
Turdus mindanensis, Gimel., S. V. ZL. I. p. 823. Lath.,
Hist. V. p. 471.
Copsychus mindanensis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 139; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 166. Bonap.,

C. G. Av. p. 267.

Lanius musicus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 307
(excl. syn.).

Gryllivora magnirostra et rosea, Swaims., 23 Cent.
pp. 291, 342.

CuocueE, Malay, Blyth.
Moorat or Moorat Kicnov, Sumatra, Raffles.
A. b. ¢ @. Malacca. Presented by the Asiatic Society
of Bengal. |
c. 6. Drawing. Sumatra. From Sir T. 8S. Raffles’s
Collection.

CATALOGUE. 279

424. COPSYCHUS AMG@NUS, Horsf. Sp.
Turdus ameenus, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XII. p. 147
(1820). Lath., Hist. V. p. 89.
Gryllivora brevirostra, Swains., 2} Cent. p. 292 (1837).
Kacuer, Java, Horsf. (amenitate cantus eximia).

A. Bic. d. g 2 et jun. Java. Dr. Horsfield’s Collec-

tion.

Genus Kirracinoa, Gould, P. Z. S. (1836), p. 7.

Turpuvs, p. Gel. et al.
GRYLLIVORA, p. Swains.

425. KITTACINCLA MACROURA, Gmel. Sp.

Turdus macrourus, Gmel., S. N. LD. I. p. 820. Lath,
Hist. V. p. 83, ¢. 82. Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soe.
XIII. p. 147. Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. II.
p. 90.

Kittacincla macroura, Gould, P. Z. S. (1836), p. 7.
Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p.139; Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. Beng. p.165. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 268.

Copsychus macrourus, Wagler, Syst. Av. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, 1. p.177. Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep.
p- 67. Layard, Ann. N. H. (1858), p. 264.

Turdus tricolor, Vieill.

Gryllivora longicauda, Stvains.

Long-tailed Thrush, Zath.

The Indian Nightingale, Jerd.

Suid, Beng., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton.

ABBEKA, Hind., Jerd.

Larwa, Java, Horsf.

Morasuta, Malay, Hyton.

Cuanecuoot, Sumatra, Raffles.

A. b. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

c. Drawing. Sumatra. From Raffles’s Collection.
d. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

“The Shama seems to be common in the hill jungles of Central
India, and those at the foot of the Himalaya, and it is especially
numerous in the territories eastward of the Bay of Bengal, and in

280 CATALOGUE.

the Malay countries generally; but in the south of India it is
somewhat rare.’”’—(Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 139.)

“Ts only found in the most retired and impervious parts of the
thickest forest jungle. It is solitary ; perches on low branches, and
hops to the ground to secure a grasshopper, or other soft insect.
When alarmed, it flies before you from tree to tree at a low height.
Its song is heard in the greatest perfection towards evening, and is
surpassed by no Indian bird, if indeed it is by the celebrated
Nightingale.”—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. X. p. 264.)

“The Shama isreputed to be the finest of Oriental songsters; besides
which, it has a considerable propensity to imitation, and one in my
own possession learned to give the crow of a cock to perfection, also
the notes of the Coél (Hudynamis orientalis), the chatter of a troop
of Saat Bhyes (Malacocircus canorus), &c. Many thousands of these
elegant birds are kept in cages in Calcutta, and the universally
absurd practice is to darken their cages by wrapping them with
several folds of cloth, enough to stifle the luckless captives in this
climate, though it must be confessed they sing most vigorously
while thus circumstanced, but certainly not more so than mine
which were exposed to the light and air. It is a practice of the rich
natives to employ servants to carry about their Shamas and other
birds, and the number which are thus borne about the streets of
Calcutta is astonishing; the poor birds are shut out from all light
and air, like Mahomedan ladies enjoying (!). their evening drive,
but they nevertheless (z. e. the birds) sing forth most lustily and
melodiously.”—(Blyth, Ann. Nat. Hist. XII. p. 98.)

‘“‘In the mornings and evenings the notes are heard through the
valleys, ceasing with twilight. The strains sweep with a gush of
sweetness through the enchanting solitudes which this bird makes
its favourite resort, at times when other birds are silent in rest;
and in unison with the surrounding scenery, in which nature seems
to have lavished every fantastic invention of beauty, the effect pro-
duced on the mind and ear can alone be appreciated by those who
have witnessed the magnificence of a tropical forest.’”’—(Tickell, J.
A. 8. Beng. IL. p. 575.)

Genus Myiometa, Hodgs. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p.178 (1846).
Musotsyivis, Hodgs., P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 27.
426. DYIOMELA LEUCURA, Hodgs. :

Muscisylvia leucura, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 275
Cat. B. of Nep. p. 09.

CATALOGUE. 281

Myiomela leucura, Hodgs. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p. 178. -Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 267.
Notodela ? leucura, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p.188 ;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 166.
a.b. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.

“ Exclusively monticolous. Stomach muscular and strong. Feeds
on hard and soft insects, pulpy berries, and small seeds. A shy
forester ; not gregarious. Weight 1 0z.’”-—(Hodgs., P. Z. 8. (1845),
p. 27.)

Genus Granpata, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 447 (1843).

427. GRANDALA C@LICOLOR, Hodgs.
Grandala ceelicolor, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 447,
t. p. 450; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 69. G. R. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, I. p. 184, ¢.50. Blyth, J. A. S. Beng.
XVI. p. 1382; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 166.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 298.
Grandala schistacea, Hodgs. (young).
The Celestial Grandala, Gray.

A.B. ¢ @. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
- June, 1853.
C. 2. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

“This most remarkable and (the male) most splendidly coloured
bird inhabits the northern region, or Cachar of Nepal, in under-
spots near snows; is solitary: insects and gravel found in the

stomach.”’—(Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 448.)

Genus THamnosia, Swains. Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 489 (1831).
SaxicoLorpeEs, Less., Compl. Buff. (1837).

428. THAMNOBIA FULICATA, Linn. Sp.

Motacilla fulicata, Linn., 8. N. 1. p. 336; (Pl. Enl.185,
i)

Thamnobia fulicata, Jerd., Madr. Journ. X. p. 264. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.185. Blyth, J. A. S.
Beng. XVI. p. 140; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p. 165. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 298. Layard, Ann.
NV. H. (1853), p. 266.

Sylvia fulicata, Lath., Hist. VII. pp.111 ¢, 112 ¢.

20

282 CATALOGUE,

Ixos fulicatus, Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1832), p. 89.

(Enanthe ptygmatura, Vierll.

Thamnobia leucoptera, Swaiison. -

Micropus leucopterus, Less., Rev. Zool. (1840), p. 163.
Rusty-vented Thrush, Lath., Hist. V. p. 71. :
The Sooty Warbler, Lath.

Indian Robin, Jerd.

Kuucuourt, Hind., Jerd.

Cary Cooroovi (‘ Black Bird’), Mal., Layard.

A. B. g 9. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

“This well-known bird is tolerably common in southern India,
and its familiar habits have gained for it the name of ‘ Indian
Robin.’ It is found mostly about villages, pagodas, walls, old
buildings and houses, often perching on the roof or pandaul, and
feeding in the verandas, or occasionally even entering houses. It
is generally seen singly or in pairs; feeds on the ground, on which
it runs with great agility, frequently pursuing and capturing several
insects before it reseats itself on its perch, either on a house, or
some neighbouring tree or bush. At all times, but especially when
feeding, it has the habit of jerking up its tail by successive efforts,
so as almost to overshadow its head. The male has a very sweet little
song, which it warbles forth from the top of a wall or low tree; and
it is occasionally caged. It is not confined to the vicinity of villages,
&e.; but it is very common on stony hills, and in various other
situations. J have twice seen the nest of this bird; once, built
among a heap of large stones raised from a boury, and the bird made
its nest during the time the well was being blasted, and continued
the process of incubation till the young ones were hatched, when it
was accidentally destroyed. On the other occasion, it had built its
nest in a hole inside the wall of a house; it contained four eggs,
light dusky bluish colour, spotted with purplish brown.”—(Jerd.,
Madr. Journ. X. p. 264.)

“In Ceylon, this bird is a household favourite, frequenting equally
the governor’s palace and the native hut. It is never seen in the
unfrequented jungle, but, ike the cocoanut-tree, which the Cingalese
assert will only flourish within the sound of the human voice, is
found about the habitation of man. It feeds on insects of all kinds,
and, like its congener the Magpie Robin, sits upon house-tops or
fences, with its tail elevated, and utters a pleasing song. I have

CATALOGUE. 283

procured their nests, which are composed of hair, mosses, and dry
grasses, in the months of June and July in Colombo, in December
and April in the north. The eggs are from three to five in number.”
—(Layard, Ann. Nat. Hist. (1853), p. 267.)

429. THAMNOBIA CAMBAIEHNSIS, Lath. Sp.

Sylvia cambaiensis, Lath., Ind. Orn. II. p. 554; Gen.
Hist. VII. p. 129.

Thamnobia cambaiensis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI.
pp. 118, 189; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 165.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 298.

Motacilla fulicata, apud Tickell, J. A. 8. Beng. II. p. 577.
Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p.'70.

Saxicoloides erythrurus, Less. (the female).

Cinnyricinclus melasoma, Less., Rev. Zool. (1840), p. 272.

Thamnobia scapularis, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 83.

The Cambaian Warbler, Lath.

A. &. Darjeeling. From Peargon’s Collection.
B. 3 N. India. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.
430. THAMNOBIA MELANA, Riipp. Sp.
Saxicola melena, Riipp., Faun. Abyss. t. 28, f. 2.
Thamnobia melena, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.185.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 298.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Genus Zantuopyeia, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 123
(1847).
431. ZANTHOPYGIA NARCISSINA, Temm. Sp.
Muscicapa narcissinia, Temm., Pl. Col. 577, f.1. G. RB.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 263. Faun. Japon. Aves,
i Li, ©:
Zanthopygia narcissina, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S.
Beng. p. 155. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 827.
Zanthopygia chrysophrys, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XVI.
p. 124.
Krpiraxt, Japan, Temminck.

A. China. From Reeyes’s Collection.

284 CATALOGUE.

432. ZANTHOPYGIA TRICOLOR, Hartlaub. Sp.
Muscicapa tricolor, Hartl., Rev. Zool. (1845), p. 406.
Zanthopygia tricolor, Blyth, App. Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.

Beng. p. Xxi.

Muscicapa zanthopygia, A. Hay, Madr. Journ. XIIf.
pt. 2, p. 162 (1844). G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
III. App. p. 18.

Zanthopygia leucophrys, Blyth, Journ. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 123 (1847); Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 154.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 826.

a. Malacca. Griffith’s Collection.

Z. tricolor. “ Length about 5 inches, of wing 23, and tail 1j in. ;
bill to gape 8 in., and tarse barely 2 in. Colour deep black above,
bright yellow below and on the rump; a large wing-spot, continued
along two-thirds of the outer edge of the largest tertiary; also a spot
before and over the eye, and the lower tail-coverts, pure white ; bill
dusky horn or blackish, and legs brown. The female differs widely, in
being of a light olive-green above, tinged with grey, especially upon
the head ; below, yellowish albescent, the feathers of the fore-neck
and breast margined with the hue of the upper parts; rump, towards
the tail, bright and pure light yellow; the two great ranges of wing-
coverts tipped, and the tertiaries externally margined, with white;
loral streak and the lower tail-coverts dull white; bill dusky above,
pale below, and the legs pale.’’—(Blyth.)

Genus Pratincota, Koch (1816). Swains., Nat. Hist. of
Birds (1837).
Fruticioota, Mac Gill., Hist. of Brit. Birds (1839).
Ruzetra, G. Rk. Gray, List of Gen. of Birds (1840).
433. PRATINCOLA CAPRATA, Linn. Sp.
Motacilla caprata, Zinn., 8. WV. I. p. 335.
Pratincola caprata, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XVI. p. 129;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 169. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 305.
Saxicola caprata, Jerd., Madr. Journ. L. 8. X. p. 265.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.179. Hodgs.,
Cat. B. of Nep. p. 71.
Saxicola fruticola, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 157.
Saxicola bicolor et S. erythropygia, Sykes, P. Z. S.
(1882), p. 92 gd ?.

CATALOGUE. : 285 -

Motacilla sylvatica, Tickell, J. A. S. Beng. II. p. 575.

Saxicola melaleuca, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p- 83.

The Black and White Stonechat, Gray.

Decuu, Java, Horsf.

Prpna, Hind., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. II. p. 74, or
Kata Prpna, Jerd.

Lay Kuya, Arracan, Blyth.

A. B. g @ (S. bicolor et S. erythropygia, Sykes).
Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

C.D. $ (S. fruticola, Horsf.). Java. From Dr. a
field’s Collection.

e. & (S. melaleuca, Hodgs.). Nepal. Presented ms BR
H. Hodgson, Esq.

“Common in most parts of the country, and esteemed by the
natives as a cage-bird, having a pleasing song, approaching to that of
an English robin, but more uniformly plaintive.’”’—(Blyth, J. A. S.
Beng. XVI. p. 129.)

“This bird is not very common in the low country, and is perhaps
most numerous in bushy and jungly districts, frequenting bushes,
low trees, hedges, &c. On the Neilgherries, it is extremely abun-
dant, and there obtains the name of Azll Robin. It has the same
manners as others of its genus, darting down to the ground from its
perch on the top of a bush, or branch of a tree, and having secured
an insect, returning to its seat. It has a short little song, as well as
the usual chattering note common to the Sfonechats, and from which
they derive their name.’’—(Jerd., Madr. Journ. X. p. 265.)

Colonel Sykes remarks: “ Black ants, caterpillars and beetles
were found in the stomach.”—(P. Z. S. (1832), p. 92.)

“‘ Nest hemispherical, 4 inches diameter, made of fine grass, built
on a bush in waste jungles or reedy spots. Eggs three, size x 5%,
shape ordinary, colour pale greenish-white, sprinkled oul with
brown spots. May.’”—(Tickell, J. A. 8. Beng. XVII. p. 300.)

434. PRATINCOLA SATURATIOR, Hodgs. Sp.

Saxicola saturatior, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 83.

Saxicola rubicola of India, Auctorum.

Pratincola indica, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 129

286 CATALOGUE.

(1847) ; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 170. Bonap.,
CO. G. Av. p. 305.
The Indian Stonechat.

A. @.-Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

B. g, and Drawing. Assam. Presented by J. McClel-
land, Esq. |

c.d. & 9. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“This bird is found in all parts of India during the cold weather,
making its first appearance in the beginning of October. It frequents
bushes on the plains, hedges, and green fields, and feeds on the
ground, on ants and various other insects.’’—(Jerd., Madr. Journ.
X. p. 265.)

In the Dukhun, “these birds were met with only in low scattered
bushes. Caterpillars, flies, and ants found in the stomach.”—(Sykes,
P. Z. §. (1832), p. 92.)

435. PRATINCOLA SYBILLA, Gmel. Sp.
Motacilla sybilla, Gmel., S. NW. L. I. p.992. Lath , Hist.
Pratincola sybilla,; Caban. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 304.
Pratincola pastor, Strickl., Ann. N. H. XIII. p. 410.

A. g. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

436. PRATINCOLA FERREA, Hodgs. Sp.
Rubecola ferrea, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 83.
Pratincola ferrea, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 129;
Oat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.170. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 305.
Saxicola ferrea, Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p.71; App.
p. 153... G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, III. App. p. 8.
The Stout Stonechat, Gray.
A. &. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
B.c. & ?. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
d.e. 3 %. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

437. PRATINCOLA RUBETRA, Linn. Sp.

Motacilla rubetra, Linn., 8. NW. I. p. 332.
Pratincola rubetra, Gould, B. of Kur. t.93. G. BR.

CATALOGUE. 287

Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 179. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.170. Bonap., C. G. Av. p.304.
Sylvia rubetra, Lath., Hist. VII. p. 50.
The Whinchat, Lath.

a. England. Presented by J. Gould, Esq., Dec. 1853.

Genus Saxtcona, Bechst., Naturg. Deutschl. (1802).

CinantuHeE, Mieill., Analys. Fc. (1816).
Virrritora, Leach (1816).

438. SAXICOLA. LEUCOMELA, Pallas Sp.
Motacilla leucomela, Pallas (nec. Temm.).
Saxicola leucomela, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 178.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. App. p. 326.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 808.

a.b. g. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

439. SAXICOLA PICATA, Blyth.
Saxicola picata, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 131;
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 167. G. BR. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, III. App. p. 8. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 804.

a.b.c.d. 3 9. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

440. SAXICOLA ATROGULARIS, Blyth.
Saxicola atrogularis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 130,
131; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 167. G. &.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, III. App. p. 8. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 304.

a.b.c.d. 6 2. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

441. SAXICOLA ISABELLINA, Riippell.
Saxicola isabellina, Riipp., Zool. Atlas, t. 34, fi 2. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.179. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 304.

A. 6. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Genus Nitrava, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 650 (1837).
Cnaitaris, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. X. p. 29 (1841).
Batnorvus, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 84.

288 CATALOGUE.

442. NILTAVA SUNDARA, Hodgson.

Niltava sundara, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 650 (1837);
Cat. B. of Nep. p. 92. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p. 264. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 174.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 319. :

Chaitaris sundara, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 84. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XI. p.189; XII.
p- 940.

Chaitaris sordidus, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 84 (young).

Cyanecula fastuosa, Less., Rev. Zool. (1840), p. 226.

The Black-collared Niltava, Gray.

Nittav, Nepal, Hodgson.

A.b.c.d. 8 9. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson,
Esq.

“ Inhabit the central regions of Nepal; solitary ; forest-haunting,
arboreal and terrestrial, but chiefly the former; exploring foliage.
Feed on various sorts of soft and hard, perfect and imperfect, insects ;
as bugs, fireflies, small coleoptera, caterpillars, ants, also pulpy berries,
and hard seeds, the latter chiefly in winter. Never seize on the wing.”
—(Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 560.)

443. NILTAVA GRANDIS, Blyth Sp.

Chaitaris grandis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 189
(1842) ; XII. p. 940.

Niltava grandis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 264.
Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p.124; Cat. B. Mus.
A. §. Beng. p. 174. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 319.

Bainopus grandis, Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 91.

Bainopus irenoides, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 84.

A. g. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
B. 9. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.

c.d. & 9. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.

444. NILTAVA MACGRIGORIZ, Burton Sp.
Pheenicura Macgrigorie, Burton, P. Z. S. (1835), p. 152.
Niltava Macgrigorie, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.

CATALOGUE, 289

f p. 264. Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p.91. Blyth, J.
) A, 8S. Beng. XVI. pp. 124, 473; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 174. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 319.
Chaitaris Macgrigorii, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 940.
Niltava fuligiventer, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 650 (the
male only).
Dimorpha auricularis, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 940 9.
Leiothrix signata, McClell., P. Z. S. (1839), p. 162 ¢?.
Macgrigor’s Niltava, Gray.
A. &. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
B 2. and Drawing (L. stgnata, McClell.). Assam. Pre-
sented by J. McClelland, Esq. |
c.d. § 9. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.

Genus OcuromELA, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 128 (1847).

445. OCHROMELA NIGRORUFA, Jerdon Sp.
! Saxicola nigrorufa, Jerd., Madr. Journ. X. p. 266 (1839).
Ochromela nigrorufa, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p.129;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.173. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 319.
Muscicapa rufula, Lafresnaye, Rev. Zool. (1840), p. 663
et Deless., Voy. dans l’ Inde, p. 29.
Orange Robin, arden

A. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.

' “This prettily-plumaged bird,” remarks Mr. Jerdon, “I have only
met on the summit of the Neilgherries, in the dense woods of which
it may occasionally be seen, preferring the most close, retired, and
damp spots. Here it may be seen seated motionless on a low bough,
suddenly darting to the ground to feast on a caterpillar or other
insect it may have spied. I never heard its note.’””—(Madr. Journ.
X. p. 266.)
Genus Cyornis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 940 (1842).

446. CYORNIS RUBECULOIDES, Vigors Sp.

. Pheenicura rubeculoides, Vigors, P. Z. 8. (1831), p. 35.

Gould, Cent. of Birds, t. 25, f. 1.
“ Gyornis rubeculoides, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XII. p. 941;
a6

290 CATALOGUE.

XVI. p.128; Cat. B. Mus. A. ‘8S. Beng. p. 173.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 320. Layard, Ann. N. H.
(1854), p. 125. Hutton, J. A. 8. Beng. XVII.
pt. IL. p. 687. :
Niltava rubeculoides, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 264. Hodgs., Cat. B.-of Nep. p. 91.
Niltava brevipes, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. 1. p. 650, 1.
Muscicapa rubecula, Swainson: (the female).
/Etherial Warbler, Lath., Hist. VII. p. 130 (the male).
CuuTxt, Bengal, Dr. F. (Buch.) Hamilton.

A. g. China. From Reeves’s Collection.
B.c.d. g 9. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
e. §. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

-“Tnhabits all northern India, visiting the plains during the cold

season, when it is not rare in the vicinity of Calcutta. On the
eastern side of the Bay of Bengal, it extends southward to the
Tenasserim provinces.”—(Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 128.)
. “ Arrives in the neighbourhood of Mussooree in April, and breeds
in June, on the 13th of which month I took a nest from a hole in a
bank by the roadside in a retired and unfrequented situation; I
afterwards found another nest in a hole of a rock, also in a retired
spot. The elevation was about 5,000 feet. Externally the nest is
composed of green moss, and lined with black fibrous lichens like
hair. The eggs are four in number, of a dull and pale olive-green,
faintly or indistinctly clouded with dull rufous or clay colour.
Diameter, 12 x 5%, in. The male has a very pleasing song, which
he warbles forth from the midst of some thick bush, seldom exposing
itself to view, like Stoparola melanops, which delights to perch upon
some high exposed twig.’’—(Hutton, J. A. S. Beng. XVII. pt. 2,
p- 687.)

447. CYORNIS BANYUMAS, Horsf. Sp.

Muscicapa Banyumas, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soe. XIii.
p. 146; Zool. Res. in Java. t. Lath., Hist. V1.
p. 206.

Cyornis Banyumas, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 941;
XVI. p.128; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 173.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 820.

Niltaya Banyumas, G, R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 264.

CATALOGUE, 29}

ba ef ’ Muscicapa rufigastra, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soe. XIII.
p. 312.
Muscicapa cantatrix, Zemm., Pl. Col. 226, 3 9.
The Banyumas Flycatcher, Lath.
CHICHING-GOLENG, Java, Horsf.

A. B. g. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.
c. § Drawing. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S. Raffles.
d. g. Canara. From §. N. Ward, Esq.

“ During my visit to Banyumas, a province on the western confines
of the native Prince’s territory, I not unfrequently observed this
bird in the forests which cover the hills in the vicinity of the capital.
It was never observed in the eastern parts of Java.’”’—(Horsf. Zool.

Res.)
Genus CyanopriLa, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 124 (1847).

448, CYANOPTILA CYANOMELANA, Temm. Sp.
Muscicapa cyanomelana, Zemm., Pl. Col. 470.
Cyanoptila cyanomelana, Blyth, J. A. S§. Beng. XVI.
p. 125; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 174.

Niltava cyanomelana, G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 264.

Hypothymis cyanomelana, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 320,

Muscicapa bella, 4. Hay, Madr. Journ. XIII. pt. 2,
p. 158 (1844).

Muscicapa melanoleuca, Schleg., Faun. Japon. Av. t.17,D.

A. g. China. From Reeves’s Collection.

Genus Hyporuymis, Bote, Isis (1828).
Sroparota, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 125 (1847).
449. HYPOTHYMIS INDIGO, Horsf. Sp.
Muscicapa indigo, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 146;
Zool, Res. in Java, t. Lath., Hist. V1. p. 206.
> Hypothymis indigo, Bote, Isis. Bonap., O. G. Av. p.320.,
Niltava indigo, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 264.
_Stoparola indigo, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 125;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 174.
The Indigo Flycatcher, Lath.
Nit-niuan, Java, Horsf.

- A.B. g. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

292 CATALOGUE.

. “This bird lives solitarily on the most elevated mountain-peaks of

Java. Itis very rarely observed. Its retired habits lead it into the

thickest. forests, where the uniformity of its plumage tends most

effectually to conceal it. During one of my excursions on Mount

Prahu, I discovered a few individuals perched on the branches of a
tree extending across the road. I also observed it on the declivities

of the mountain Merbaboo. It emits a feeble plaintive sound in

short frequently-repeated notes.’”’—(Horsf. Zool. Res.)

450. HYPOTHYMIS ALBICAUDATA, Jord, Sp.

Muscicapa albicaudata, Jerd., Madr. Journ. XI. p. 16
(1840) ; Z2l. Ind. Orn. t. xiv.

Hypothymis albicaudata, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 320.

Niltava albicaudata, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 264:

Stoparola albicaudata, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XYVI.-
p- 125; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 175.

A. B. 3 9. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.

' “This species is found on the Neilgherries, in the dense woods of
which it is far from being uncommon. It captures insects of various
kinds on the wing, from a fixed perch; occasionally a small flock of
five or six of them are seen together in a state of continual movement,
taking short darts and gambols in the air, as much in sport apparently
as In actual pursuit of insects. I discovered its nest twice, built in
a slight hole on a steep earthen bank on a roadside, but did not
procure the eggs, both birds having forsaken their nests.’”—(Jerd.,
Madr. Journ. XI. p. 16.) ;

451. HYPOTHYMIS MELAWNOPS, Vigors Sp.

Muscicapa melanops, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1831), p. 171.
Gould, Cent. of Birds, t.6. Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1832),
p- 85. Jerd., Madr. Journ. XI. p. 15.

Hypothymis melanops, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 320.

Niltava melanops, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 264.
Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 92.

Stoparola melanops, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 125;
Cat. B: Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.174. Hutton, J. A. 8.
Beng. XVII. p. Il. p. 686. Layard, Ann. N. H.
(1854), p. 127.

- Muscicapa lapis, Less., Rev. Zool. (1839), p. 104.

CATALOGUE. 293

‘Muscicapa thalassina, Swainson (the female).

Verditer Flycatcher, Lath., Hist. VI. p. 182.

Pouruir Currra, Beng., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, US. I.

p. 9.

Nit Karxatsa, Beng., Blyth.
A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
b. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
c,d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

- “This species is found in India, generally visiting the plains in
the cold season. It captures its insect prey on the wing, as well as
occasionally on the ground, returning to the same perch.’’—(Jerd.,
Madr. Journ. XI. p. 15.)

“It is a common species throughout the mountains, up to about
12,000 feet, during summer, arriving about the beginning of March.
It breeds in May and June, making a neat nest of green moss in
holes of trees, in stumps, and in the holes of banks by the roadside.
The eggs are three or four in number, dull white with faint Bn

specks at the larger end, and somewhat inclined to form a ring.’
(Hutton, J. A. 8. Beng. XVII. pt. 2, p. 686.)

Genus Sirata, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p. 651 (1837).
Dimorena, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. X. p. 29 (1841).
452, SIPHIA STROPHIATA, Hodgson.
Siphia strophiata, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. I. p.651; Cat. B.

of Nep. p. 92. Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p.125;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.171.

Dimorpha strophiata, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 26.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 319.

Niltava strophiata, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 264.
The Orange-gorget Siphia, Gray.
Srpnya, Nepal, Hodgs.

A. &. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

c.d.e. § 9. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,

June, 1853.
Genus Digenza, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 26.
453. DIGHNEA SUPERCILIARIS, Blyth Sp.

Dimorpha superciliaris, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI. p.190
(1842). Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 319.

iil CATALOGUE:

Siphia superciliaris, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p.172. Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 92.

Muscicapa hyperythra, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 885.

Muscicapula hyperythra, is dk J.. A. 8. Beng. XVI.
p. 127,

Muscicapula rubecula, Blyth, J. A, 8S. Beng. XII. p. 940.

Muscicapa rubecula, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 263.

Dimorpha rubrocyanea, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 88; P. Z. S. (1845), p. 26; Ann. Nat.
Hist. (1845), p. 197. 3

Dimorpha leucocyanea, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 83. |

The White-browed Digenea.

A. g. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
b.c.d. & %. Nepal (Nos. 384, 837, 898). Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

454. DIGENEA TRICOLOR, Hodgson.
Digenea tricolor, Hodgs., P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 26; tm
Nat. Hist. (1845), p. 197; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 92.
Siphia tricolor, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 126; Cat.
B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 172.
Dimorpha tricolor, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 819.
The Tricolored Digenea, Gray.

a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

455. DIGENHA LHUCOMELANURA, Hodgs.
| Digenea leucomelanura, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc.
(1844), p. 84; P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 26; Ann. Nat.
Hist. (1845), p. 197; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 92.
Siphia leucomelanura, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. P. 126;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 172.
Dimorpha leucomelanura, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 319.
The White-and-Black-tailed Digenea, Gray.

A. g. Bengal. Presented by Dr. Royle.

c . . B. g. Nepal (No. 941, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented _
~ Bom, Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

s CATALOGUE. 295
Genus Muscroapuna, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 989 (1843);
456. MUSCICAPULA SAPPHIRA, Tickell Sp. |

- Muscicapa sapphira, Tickell, MS. .

Muscicapula sapphira, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XII. p.939;
XVI. pp. 127, 473. Jerd., Ill. Ind. Orn. t. 32.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 316.

Muscicapa sapphira, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 263.

The Sapphire-headed Wiyeutchisr Jerd.

No. 945 $; 974 9, Hodgs., Catal.

A.B. O. & (adult et jun.), D. E. 2. Nepal. Presented
by B. H. Hodgson,. Esq., September, 1853.

~The following i is the size of our specimens of this beautiful bird :
male, length. 4 in., of wing 2,4, in., of tail, 12 in., bill to forehead 58, i in,
from gape 3 in., tarse 4 in. eet claw +2, in., hind claw 55; in.
* Colour of the upper eeu rich dark yee mee inclining to
ultramarine on the rump and upper tail-coverts ; forehead and crown
vivid smalt blue; the lores black; fore-neck and breast rich purple,
with a broad median line of deep and bright ferruginous; flanks
greyish ; the belly and fore part of the wings underneath, with the
axillaries, white; alars and tail black edged with blue externally.
Bill and feet black.”—(Blyth.*)
' The young male has the forehead, crown, and back, black, with the
centre of each feather ferruginous, as are also those on the forepart
of the wing and the tip of the secondaries; wings and tail black
edged with blue externally ; throat ferruginous, paling on the breast,
where the feathers are margined apically with black; belly and
under tail-coverts bluish white.
“In the female of this species, the wings, tail, and rump are of
the same beautiful deep blue as in the male, but the head, neck, and
interscapularies are plain brown; throat and fore-neck (and breast)
ferruginous, rather paler and much: broader than in the male; the
belly and lower tail-coverts the same bluish. white as in the male;
axillaries and fore part of the wing underneath also pure white.”—
(Blyth, J. A.S. XVI. p. 473.)
_ The ferruginous colour of the throat, fore-neck, and breast i in our

_. * Mr: Blyth gives the following as the dimensions of this bird: ‘ Length
5 inches, of wing 24, and tail 1Z inch; bill to gape % inch, and tarse § inch.” -~

296 CATALOGUE.

specimens of the female (as here described by Mr. Blyth) is much
deeper and brighter than in the males. ‘

457. MUSCICAPULA MACULATA, Tickell Sp.
O70 Muscicapa maculata, Tickell, J. A. 8. Beng. II. p. 574.
es . Muscicapula maculata, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 317.
Muscicapula melanoleuca, Hodgs. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng.
_ XID p. 940; XV. p. 806; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 172.
Muscicapa melanoleuca, G. &. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 263. Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 91.
Muscicapa leucoschista, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc.
(1844), p. 84.

a.b.c.d. 3 2. Nepal. “Presented by B. H. Hodgson,
Esq., June, 1853.

458. MUSCICAPULA SUPERCILIARIS, Jerdon Sp.
Muscicapa superciliaris, Jerd., Madr. Journ. XI. p. 16
(1840).
Muscicapula superciliaris, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XI.
pp. 939, 962; XVI. p. 127; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8,
Beng. p. 172. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 316.

a. 8. India. From the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

_M. superciliaris. “ ae 43 in., of wing 2,5, of tail 18,
tarsus ;8;, bill to front -3;, to gape ;£,. Above and sides of the head
of a light indigo blue, or rather Prussian blue ; beneath, superciliary
stripe, extending to some distance behind the eyes, and base of the
tail feathers (except the central ones), pure snowy white; some of
the feathers of the rump, with the shaft, and a bar in the middle of
the feathers, also white. Bill and legs black.””—(Jerdon.) |

fee. MUSCICAPULA HEMILEUCURA, Hodgs. Sp.
Muscicapa’ hemileucura, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise.

(1844), p. 84; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 91, et App.
p. 1855.

a. Nepal. From B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

_ WM. hemileucura. “ Upper surface blue ; wings and tail black edged
with blue; base of the tail, streak over each eye, and the entire
under-parts, pure white. Length 3 in. 9 lines, wing 2 in. 5 ra
bill 43 lines, tarsi 72 lines.””—(Hodgs.)

CATALOGUE. 297

460. MUSCICAPULA ASTIGMA, Hodgs. Sp.
Muscicapa estigma, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p- 84; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 90, et App. p. 155.

a. Nepal. From B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
MM. estigma. “Upper surface blue ; wings and tail black, margined

with blue; under surface entirely pure white. Length 43 inches,
wing 23 inches, bill 5 lines, tarsi 6 lines.” —(Hodgs.)

461. MUSCICAPULA ALBOGULARIS, Blyth Sp.

Dimorpha albogularis, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XI. p. 190
(1842).

Muscicapa albogularis, Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 90.

Muscicapa ciliaris, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 84.

A. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., Septem-
ber, 1853.

MW. albogularis. Upper surface, sides of the head, and across the
breast, blue ; wings and tail black, edged with blue; upper tail-coverts
blue; streak over the eye, throat, front of neck, belly, vent, and
under tail-coverts, white ; feathers of the rump white and blue inter-
mixed longitudinally. Length 4 in., of wing 2,4 in., tail 1,%, in.,
bill to front 22 in., to gape + in., tarse the same.

Genus ErytTHrosteRNA, Bonap., List Hur. et Amer. Birds

(1838).
Synornis, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 83, et
P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 26.

462. ERYTHROSTERNA LHUCURA, Gmel. Sp.

Muscicapa leucura, Gmel., S. WV. ZL. I. p. 939. Swains.,
Nat. Lib. X. p. 253.

Erythrosterna leucura, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p-171. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 318.

Synornis leucura, Hodgs. Grays Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 838.

Siphia leucura, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. pp. 125, 474.

Muscicapa parva of India, Auetorwmn.

Saxicola rubeculoides, Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1882), p. 92.

Synornis joulaimus, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p- 83; P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 27.

24

298 CATALOGUE.

White-tailed Redbreast, Zath., Hist. VII. p. 44.
The Indian Redbreast, Jerdon.

Turra, Hind., Blyth.

Cuurxi, Beng., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton.

A. g (S. rubeculoides, Sykes). Dukhun. Presented by

Colonel Sykes.
bc. ¢ 9. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
d. g. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

e. f. 9. Assam, Bootan. From McClelland’s and Pem-
berton’s Collection.

g. 2. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

“The Indian Red-breast inhabits the continent generally, visiting
the plains in the cold season. Is rare to the south; extremely
common in lower Bengal.’’—(Blyth.)

“ Ts found in the neighbourhood of villages, in the northern part of

the table-land. Is seen in small flocks, as well as singly, perched on ~

the lower boughs of some large mango or tamarind tree ; it hops to
the ground to pick up ants and other insects, occasionally hopping
a step or two, and then flying back, frequently alights on the trunk
of the tree, clinging to it for some seconds. It occasionally takes a
very short flight from its perch and back again.’”’—(Jerd., Madr. J.
X. p. 266.)

Genus EryTuacvs, sive Rusecuta (Anitiq.).

Errytuacvs, Linn., S. NV. ed. 6, gen. 82, Sp. 13.
FicEDULZ, genus Briss. Orn. III. p. 369.

Erytuacus, Cuv. Anat. Comp. (1799).

Danpatws, Bote, Isis (1826).

Rusecuta, (Briss.) Brehm., Deutschl. Voeg. (1828). ~-
ErytTuaca, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 488 (1831).

463. ERYTHACUS RUBECULA, Linn. Sp.

Motacilla Rubecula, Zinn., S. N. I. p. 337.

Sylvia Rubecula, Lath., Ind. Orn. II. p.520; Gen. Hist.
VIL. p. 41.

Ficedule Gen. Sp. 21, Rubecula, Briss. Orn. III. p. 418.

Erythacus Rubecula, Macgill., Hist. Brit. B. II. p. 263.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 182; Cat. Brit. B.

CATALOGUE. 299

Birds in B. M. p. 62. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 171. |
The Robin Redbreast, Wallughby.

A. England. | 3
Genus Nemura, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 83;

et P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 27
Tantuta, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng, XVI. p. 182 al

AG4, NHEMURA RUFILATUS, Hodgs.
Nemura rufilatus, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 83; P. Z. S. (1845), p. 27; Cat. B. of Nep.
p 69. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 180.
Bonap., C. G. Av. P. 300. Jardine, Cont. Orn.
p. 28,t. do.
Janthia rufilatus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 132 ;
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 170.
Nemura cyanura, Hodgs., P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 27 (female).
Erythaca Tytleri, Jameson, Trans. Wern. Soe.
The Rufous-sided Nemura, Gray.
A. g. Bengal. From Bax’s Collection.
B. c. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
d.é § Q. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Bed i
June, 1853.
“This bird is common in the central and northern regions of
Nepal ; is a forester, and shy. Feeds on insects, soft and hard, and
. on pulpy berries.’’—(Hodgs., P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 27.)

465. NEMURA HYPERYTHRA, Blyth Sp.
lanthia hyperythra, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 182;
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 170.
Nemura hyperythra, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, III.
App. p. 8. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 300.
A. B. 3. Nepal.* Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
September, 1853.

* This species, forming part of Mr. Hodgson’s late present to the Company’s
Museum, is marked, by mistake, with the same number, viz. 140, which had pre-
viously been applied to Niltava sundara. See Gray’s Zool. Misc.

300 CATALOGUE.

NV. hyperythra. “Length about 5 in., of wing 32 in., tail 23 in.,
bill to front ;4; in., from gape -{, in., and tarse 1 in. Upper parts of
male deep indigo-blue, brightening to ultramarine on the forehead and
above the eyes, and upon the shoulders of the wing; the wings and
tail black, margined with blue externally ; lower parts bright yellowish”
ferruginous, confined to a narrowish streak on the middle of the
throat and foreneck; lower tail-coverts and centre of belly white.
Female, a rich brown above, approaching to the colour of Hrytheca
rubecula ; or rather, the feathers are merely tipped with this colour,
showing more or less of the cinereous dusky tint within; tail blue, as
in the male; the rump a lighter and more greyish blue; there is
also a little blue on the shoulder of the wing, and a greyish blue
supercilium, brightening posteriorly; lower parts tawny brown or
subdued fulvous, except the lower tail-coverts, which are white : bill
and legs dusky in both sexes.”’—(Blyth.)

466. NEMURA HODGSONT, Moore.
Nemura Hodgsoni, Moore, P. Z. S. (1845), p.

A. B.c.d. g 2. Nepal (No. 949, Hodgs. Cat.). Pre- |
sented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

NV. Hodgsoni. Length 38 in., of wing 32 in., tail 14 in., bill to
front 2 in., to gape =, in., and tarse 2 in. Male, colour of the upper
parts purplish blue, brightening to vivid ultramarine on the crown ;
forehead, lores, and sides of head, wings and tail black, the two
latter margined with blue externally; on the rump some of the
feathers are tipped with white ; upper tail-coverts blue; lower parts
yellowish ferruginous; under wing-coverts, flanks, and under tail-
coverts white. Female, ferruginous brown, richer on the rump;
wings and tail dusky, margined with ferruginous brown externally ;
lores, ear-coverts, and under parts pale dusky ferruginous; under
tail-coverts white: bill black, legs pale horn.

Subfam. I]. PHILOMELINA, Swains.

Genus Ruricitta (Ray), Brehm., Deutschl. Veg. (1828).
Ficepuna, Bote, Isis (1826).
Puenicura, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 489 (1831).

CH@MARRHORNIS,* Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 82.

* Agassiz., Nom. Zool. Chaimarrornis, Hodgs.

CATALOGUE. 301

467. RUTICILLA PH@NICURA, Linn. Sp.

Motacilla Phoenicurus, Linn., S. N. I. p. 835. Lath.,
Hist. VII. p./21.

Ruticilla Pheenicura, Bonap., Georg. Comp. Inst of B.
p. 15. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 180.
Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 188; Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. Beng. p. 168. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 296.
Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p. |

Pheenicura Ruticilla, Swains., Classif. of B. Il. p. 240.
Gould, B. of Hur. t. 95.

Pheenicura muraria, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 489.

? Pheenicura albifrons, Brandt.

The Redstart, Bewick.

A. 6. Saharunpore. Presented by Dr. Jameson.

468. RUTICILLA PH@NICUROIDES, Moore.

Ruticilla pheenicuroides, Moore, P. Z. 8. (1854), p. «t.
Sylvia atrata, var. A., Lath., Hist. VII. p. 27.

a. b. 8. Shikarpore. From Griffith’s Collection.

R. phenicuroides. Length 5 in., of wing 3 in., tail 23 in,, bill to .
gape 11in., tarse € in.; forehead, lores, ear-coverts, throat, and
breast black; crown, neck, back, and upper wing-coverts ash, with
a rufous tint, the ash palest on the crown; wings brown, with the
edges of the exterior webs paler; from breast to vent, under wing-
coverts, rump, upper and lower tail-coverts, and tail (except the two
middle feathers, which are brown), rufous red.

In this species the black colour of the breast extends much lower
down, and the first primary is a } in. longer, the second being shorter
by a1 in., than in R. Phenicura; the bill is more elongated, and a
trifle longer, and not so broad at the base. It is closely allied to R.
Phenicura, but is readily distinguished from it by the absence of
white on the crown.

469. RUTICILLA TITH YS, Scopoli Sp.
Sylvia Tithys, Scopolt, Ann. I. p. 157. Lath., Hist. VII.
p. 23.
Ruticilla Tithys, Brehm., Veg. Deutschl. p. 365. G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p.180. Blyth, Cat. B.

302 CATALOGUE.

Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 168. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 296. Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p.

Motacilla Tithys, Linn., 8S. VN. I. p. 3835.

Motacilla atrata, Gmel., S. NV. L. I. p. 988. Lath., Ind. —
Orn. II. p. 514 (nec. Lath. Hist. VII. p. 26).

The Black Redstart.

a. Europe. Presented by John Gould, Esq.
470. RUTICILLA NIPALENSIS, Hodgs. Sp.

Pheenicura nipalensis v. atrata, Hodgs. Gray's Zool.
Mise. (1844), p. 83.

Ruticilla nipalensis, Moore, P. Z. 8. (1854), p.

Sylvia atrata, Lath., Gen. Hist. VIL. p. 26 (nec. Gmel.
v. Lath. Ind. Orn.). .

Phenicura atrata, apud Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. t. 86,
J. 3. Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1832), p. 92. Jerd., Madr.
Journ. X. p. 267. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XI. p.190. |

Ruticilla atrata, apud G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 180. Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 68.

Ruticilla indica, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 168
(1850). Bonap., OC. G. Av. p. 296.

Black Indian Redstart, Jard. et Selby.

Turrt-H1RA (‘Shaker’), Hind., Jerd.

TuirtHir Kumpa, Plains, Royle.

Purrira or Lanearpi, Beng., Hamilton, MS. II. p. 94.

A. g. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
B. 3. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.
c.d. 6 9. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

R. nipalensis. Male, length 6 in., of wing 82 in., tail 23 in., bill to
gape 13 in., tarse in. Crown ashy grey; lores, ear-coverts, neck,
throat, breast, back, and upper wing-coverts, black with greyish edges
to the feathers ; wings brown; primaries and secondaries margined
with pale rufous; under wing-coverts, flanks, belly, rump, upper and
lower tail-coverts, and tail (except one half of the interior and a
small portion of exterior web of the two middle feathers near the tip,
brown), rufous red. Female, above, brown; margins of the wings,
abdomen, and under tail-coverts pale rufous; below, dusky on the
throat and breast, changing to clear light rufous on the abdomen

CATALOGUE. 303

and under tail-coverts; rump and tail the same as in the male ; bill
and legs black. |

“ This species is very common in most parts of India during the
cold weather, but more so in the table-land, I think, than in the
Carnatic. It is solitary, frequenting wooded places, gardens, hedges,
old walls, and outbuildings; being often seen about the roofs of
houses. Feeds on the ground, on wasps, ants, and various other
insects. Has a most peculiar quivering motion of its tail, especially
after feeding.” —(Jerd., Madr. J. X. p. 267.)

« Has a peculiar manner of vibrating its tail, when seated on a
bough. A pair of these birds built their nest in an outhouse con-
stantly frequented by my servants, and within reach of the hand.’”’—
(Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 92.)

471. RUTICILLA HODGSONT, Moore.

Ruticilla Hodgsoni, Moore, P. Z. 8. (1854), p. « t.

Phenicura Ruticilla, apud Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 82.

Ruticilla Reevesii, apud Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 67.

Phoenicura Reevesii, apud Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XII.
p. 963.

Ruticilla erythrogastra, p. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. SB.
Beng. p. 168.

Hodgson’s Ruticilla.

TuHarcarnt, Nepal, Hodgs.

A. g. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

b.c. d.e & 3. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodg-
son, Esq.

kt. Hodgsoni. Male, length 6 in., of wing 32 in., tail 28 in., bill to
gape £ in., and tarse 2 in.; forehead, lores, ear-coverts, throat, and
breast black ; fore part of crown clear white (much narrower than
in A. Phenicwra) ; hind part of crown, neck, back, and upper wing-
coverts fine ash, lightest on the crown; wings dusky brown, the
exterior margin of the basal half of the secondaries white, forming a
patch; from the breast to vent, under wing-coverts, rump, upper
and lower tail-coverts, and tail (except the interior and exterior
margins only of the two middle feathers, which are dusky brown),
rufous red.

The female may be readily distinguished by a general puffy
appearance, and by the relative length of wing, &c.

304 CATALOGUE.

472. RUTICILLA ERYTHROGASTRA, Giildenstadt Sp.

Motacilla erythrogastra, Guldst., Nov. Comm. Petrop.
XIX. p. 469, ¢.16,17. Gmel., S. N. L. 1. p. 975.

Ruticilla erythrogastra, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 296. Gould, —

Birds of Asia, t.50. Moore, P. Z. 8. (1854), p.

Sylvia erythrogastra, Lath., Ind. Orn. Il. p. 503; Gen.

Hist. VII. p. 27.

Motacilla ceraunia, Pallas, Zoogr. I. p. 478.

Ruticillia grandis (tricolor, apud Bonap.), Gould, P. Z.
S. (1849), p. 112.

Ruticilla aurorea, apud G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1.

p- 180.
The Chestnut-bellied Warbler, Zath.

A. 6. g. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Col-
lection.

B. g. Nepal (No. 969, Hodgs. Cat.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

C. g. Cashmere. Presented by John Gould, Esq., De-
cember, 1853.

R. erythrogastra. Male, length 7 in., of wing 4 in., and tail 3 in.,
bill to gape £ in., tarse 1 in.; forehead, lores, ear-coverts, throat,
fore part of breast, back, wing-coverts, and the apical portion of the
primaries and secondaries black; crown of the head, back of neck,
and the basal portion of the primaries and secondaries white ; breast,
belly, vent, rump, upper and lower tail-coverts, and tail rich rufous;
bill and legs black. The female is unknown.

This is the rarest of all the known species of Redstarts.

M. Giildenstadt informs us “ that it frequents the gravelly hollows
of the Caucasian torrents during the whole of the summer, and
migrates southward in search of food on the approach of winter;
and that it runs along the banks of rivers; is restless, but not
fearful; often moves its tail while sitting on the low shrubs, and
makes its nest among the branches of the sea buckthorn, of the
berries of which it is very fond.”

473. RUTICILLA VIGORST, Moore.
Ruticilla Vigorsi, Moore, P. Z. 8. (1854), p. . t.
A. 2. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

&. Vigorsi. Female, length 7 in., of wing 43 in., tail 3 in., bill to

CATALOGUE. 305

gape $ in., and tarse 1 in.; above, head, neck, and back, cinereous ;
wings dusky, with paler margins; beneath, rufescent; upper tail-
coverts and tail rufous ; the two medial feathers dusky, as is also the
exterior web of the outer and tip of each feather, but paler ; bill and
legs black. No trace of white on the wings. First quill 1} in.
shorter than the second, the third 43 in. longer than the second ;
fourth and fifth equal and longest; third and sixth equal, and but a
trifle shorter than the two last; the seventh a 1 in. longer than the
second; the eighth 4 in. shorter than the second.

The male of this species may eventually prove to be allied to
R. erythrogastra, but differing from it in the absence of the white
wing-patch.

474, RUTICILLA AUROREA, Pallas Sp.

Motacilla aurorea, Pail., Zoogr. I. p. 477. Katil., Kupf.
Voeg. t. 26, f.1. Gmel., S. N. L. 1. p. 976. Lath,
Hist. VII. p. 92.

Ruticilla aurorea, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 180
(excl. syn.). Bonap., C. G. Av. p.296. Moore, P.
Z. S. (1854), p.

Lusciola aurorea, Schleg., Faun. Jap. t. 21, D. 3 2.

Phenicura Reevesii, J. HL. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1832), p. 1.
McClelland, P. Z. 8. (1839), p. 161.

Daurian Warbler, Lath.

Reeves’s Redstart, J. H. Gray.

The following description is introduced of an allied species from the Malayan
peninsula :

RUTICILLA LEUCOPTERA, Blyth, Sp.

Pheenicura leucoptera, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 962 (1848).
Ruticilla leucoptera, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 134 ; Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. Beng. p. 168. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 180.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 296. Moore, P. Z. 8. (1854), p.
Has. Malayan Peninsula, Java.

R. leucoptera.. *‘ Size of R. phenicwra, and much resembling in plumage R. nipal-
ensis, but smaller and the wings much shorter than in the latter species ; it is also
generally similar to phenicwra, but has no white on the forehead, which, with the
crown, neck, and fore part of the back, are ash-grey; the middle of the back is
black, as are also the lores, ear-coverts, throat, and breast ; and the rest of the
under parts, with the rump and tail, except the medial feathers of the latter, are
bright ferruginous, the exterior web of the outermost tail-feather being marked
with dusky ; wings dusky, having a large white patch occupying the base of the

2r

306 CATALOGUE.

A. B. g@ 2. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c. g. Drawing. Assam. From McClelland’s Collection.
C. g. Japan. Presented by John Gould, Esq., Dec. 1852.

R. aurorea. Male, length 5 in., of wing 3 in., tail 22 in., bill to
gape £ in., and tarse 2 in. Forehead, lores, ear-coverts, throat, fore
part of breast, back, upper wing-coverts, apical and basal portion of
the secondaries and tertiaries, and the two medial tail-feathers, black ;
exterior margin of the outer tail-feather and apical margin of the rest,
dusky black; medial portion of both webs of the secondaries and
tertiaries white; crown of head and back of neck slaty ash, rather
whitish above the ear-coverts ; breast, abdomen, under wing-coverts,
upper and lower tail-coverts, and tail (except as above), rufous.
Female, brown above ; the wing-patch rufescent white, beneath
rufescent ; upper and lower tail-coverts and tail (except the medial
feathers of the latter, which are dusky brown) rufous; bill and legs
black.

475. RUTICILLA RUFOGULARIS, Moore.
Ruticilla rufogularis, Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p. ft.

A. B.C. g@ 3. Pushut. From Griffith’s Collection.

R. rufogularis. Male, length 53 in., of wing 32 in., tail 22 in.,
bill to gape 42 in., and tarse in. Crown and back of neck mixed
grey and ash ; lores, ear-coverts, and sides of neck, black ; wings and
medial tail-feathers dark brown; apical margin of the exterior web
of the outer tail-feather dusky; smaller wing-coverts (except the
feathers immediately on the shoulder), scapulars, basal portion of
the speculars, and apical margins of the greater wing-coverts, white ;
exterior margin of the primaries and secondaries pale rufescent ;
throat and breast, back and rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail, rufous ;
abdomen, under wing and tail-coverts, pale rufescent ; bill and legs
black. Female, cinerous brown above, rufescent beneath; wings
dark brown, the feathers of which are margined with pale rufescent ;
lower part of back, upper tail-coverts, and tail, rufous, the two medial
feathers dark brown, exterior margin of the outer dusky.

secondaries and tertiaries, extending over both webs of each feather ; bill and feet
black : according to season, the dorsal plumage is margined with brown edgings,
the under parts more slightly with greyish, and the wing-coverts with brown.
Length about 6 inches, of wing 23 inches, and tail 23 inches, bill to gape 3 inch,
and tarse $ inch. Female, plain brown above, paler beneath, with rufous tail, and
the same great white wing-patch as in the male.”—(Blyth.)

CATALOGUE. 307

476. RUTICILLA CH#RULEOCEPHALA, Vigors Sp.

Pheenicura ceruleocephala, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1830), p. 35.
Gould, Cent. of Birds, t. 25, f.2. Blyth, J. A. 8.
Beng. XI. p. 190.

Ruticilla ceruleocephala, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 180. Hodgs., Oat. B. of Nep. p. 68. Blyth, J.
A. 8S. Beng. XVI. p. 1384; Oat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p- 168. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 296. Moore, P. Z.
S. (1854), p.

a.b. @. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c. g. Pushut. From Griffith’s Collection.

R. ceruleocephala, Male, length 52 in., of wing 37 in., tail 23 in.,
bill to gape 2 in., and tarse £ in. Top of the head slaty ash; lores,
ear-coverts, throat, breast, back, rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail,
black; wings dark brown; the scapulars and outer edges of the
secondaries white ; the under wing-coverts, belly, and vent, whitish ;
bill and legs black. Female unknown.

AT7. RUTICILLA NIGROGULARIS, Hodgson.
Ruticilla nigrogularis, Hodgs. Moore, P. Z. 8. (1854),
Pelt ob:
A.B. g. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
September, 1853.

Rk. nigrogularis. Length 6 in., of wing 32 in., tail 26 in., bill to
gape 11 in., tarse Sin. Crown of head slaty blue, lightest on the
forehead ; lores, ear-coverts, throat, back of neck, back, upper wing-
coverts, two middle tail-feathers entirely, and the rest (except the
basal portion), black; wings blackish brown, the scapulars, outer
edges of the secondaries, and under wing-coverts white; breast,
flanks, belly, ramp, upper and lower tail-coverts, and base of tail
(except the two middle feathers), bright chestnut; vent and under
tail-coverts mixed with white; bill and legs black.

This species is allied to 2. schisticeps (the description of which
is annexed), but differs in having the throat black instead of white.

RUTICILLA SCHISTICEPS, Hodgson.
Pheenicura schisticeps, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 838.
Ruticilla schisticeps, Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 69, et App. p. 153.
Moore, P. Z. 8. (1854), p.

308 CATALOGUE.

478. RUTICILLA FRONTALIS, Vigors Sp.

Phenicura frontalis, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1831), p. 172.
Gould, Cent. of Birds, t. 26, f. 1. Blyth, J. A,
S. Beng. XI. p. 190.

Ruticilla frontalis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 180.
Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 68. Blyth, J. A.
S. Beng. XVI. p. 184; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p- 168. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 296. Moore, P. Z. .
S. (1845), p

Ruticilla melanura, Less. Rev. Zool. (1840), p. 265.

Pheenicura tricolor, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 83.

A. B. 8 2. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c.d. & 9. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

e. f. & ¢. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Col-
lection.

R. frontalis. Length 6 in., of wing 33 in., tail 22 in., bill to gape
11 in., tarse in. Top of the head, back, throat, and breast dusky
cyaneous, with terminal brown edgings ; forehead and above the eyes
lazuline blue; wings brown; rump, upper tail-coverts, and under
parts bright rufous ; tail-feathers rufous, with black tips, except the
two middle ones, which are wholly black; bills and legs black.
Female, brown above and below, rufescent on the belly and flanks ;
the rest as in the male.

479. RUTICILLA FULIGINOSA, Vigors Sp.
Pheenicura fuliginosa, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1881), p. 85.
Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 190.
Ruticilla fuliginosa, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.180.
Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 68. Blyth, J. A. 8.
Beng. XVI. p. 1384; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p-169. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 296. Moore, P. Z.
S. (1854), p
Pheenicura plumbea, Gould, P. Z. 8. (1835), p. 185.

Has. Nepal, Hodgson. Specimen in British Museum.

R. schisticeps. ‘‘ Length 6 inches, wing 3 inches 4 lines, bill from gape 7 lines,
tarse 103 lines. Side of the head and neck, back, wings, and tail, black ; top of
the head pale slaty blue; throat and large patch on each wing white ; lower part
of breast and abdomen rufous chestnut.”

CATALOGUE. 309

~- Ruticilla simplex, Zess., Rev. Zool. (1840), p. 265.
Pheenicura rubricauda, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 82 (the male).
Pheenicura lineoventris, Hodgs., MS. (the female).

A. g. Bengal. From Blagrave’s Collection.
b.c. 2. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
d.e. & 9%. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

Rk. fuliginosa. Length 5 in., of wing 3 in., tail 2 in., bill to gape
S in., tarse $in. Male of a uniform dusky cyaneous; wings brown,
margined with the same; vent, upper and lower tail-coverts, and tail,
dark ferruginous ; bill black ; legs hair-brown. Female, above much
paler ash, and still paler below; from the throat to the vent, each
feather is spotted with white and margined with dusky and then pale
ash; wings brown, spotted with white on the coverts ; tail white at
its base, extending to near the tip on the outermost feathers ; the
rest brown ; upper and lower tail-coverts are also white.

“Found along rivers, near or among mountains : haunts rocks just
appearing above the torrent; feeds on coleopterous insects; con-

tinually spreading its tail out like a fan, and in a vibrating manner.”
—(Grifith’s MS. Notes.)

480. RUTICILLA LEUCOCEPHALA, Vigors Sp.

Pheenicura leucocephala, Vigors, P. Z. S. (1880), p. 85.
Gould, Cent. of Birds, t. 26, f. 1.

Ruticilla leucocephala, Less., Rev. Zool. (1840), p. 265.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 180. Hodgs., Cat.
B. of Nep. p. 68. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI.
p. 1384; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 169. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 296. Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p.

Chaimarrornis leucocephalus, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc.
(1844), p. 82.

Sylvia erythrogastra, var. A., Lath., Hist. VII. p. 28.

The White-capped Redstart.

Gir-CHaonpDEEA, Hind., Hardwicke.

Kane PHota, Mohun Ghats, Royle.

A. g. Himalaya. From Reeves’s Collection.
b. g. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.
c.d. g. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

RR. leucocephala. Male, length 7 in., of wing 4 in., of tail 8 in...

310 CATALOGUE.

bill to gape £in., tarse lin. Forehead, lores, ear-coverts, throat,
neck, breast, back, wings, and tip of each tail-feather, black ; abdomen,
rump, upper and lower tail-coverts, and two thirds of the tail, deep
chestnut. Female unknown. :

“ This bird is extremely common in the valley of the Dhoon, and
also in the hills, along the banks of streams and rivers, flitting from
rock to rock, and stone to stone, and eternally shaking its tail and
spreading it by turns.’’—(Hutton, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 134.)

Genus Larvivora, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. V1. p. 102 (1837).

481. LARVIVORA CYAWNA, Hodgson.

Larvivora cyana, Hodgs., J. A. §. Beng. VI. p. 102; Cat.
B. of Nep. p. 70. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 301.

Calliope cyana, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XII. p. 934; XVI.
p- 185; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 169.

Ruticilla cyana, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.180.

Larvivora brunnea, Hodgs., J. A. 8. Beng. VI. p. 102
(female).

Pheenicura superciliaris, Jerd., Madr. Journ. XIII.
p- 170 (1844).

The Blue Larvivora, Hodqs.

a.b. 3. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“ This bird is common to all the three regions of Nepal, and never
quits the woods. It perches freely, but is usually on the ground.
Its stomach is feebler than in Zesia, and does not take seeds or
gravel. From the number of insect nests and larve found in its
stomach, I have called the genus Larvivora.’”’—(Hodgs., J. A. 8S.
Beng. VI. p. 103.) |

“Ts rare in the Neilgherries; also very rare and accidental in
Lower Bengal during the season of passage.’’—(Blyth.)

“ T observed this bird very rarely in thick and tangled underwood
on the Neilgherries. It has a single low chuckling note, like that of
some of the Stonechats.’’—(Jerdon.)

Genus Tarsicer, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 83 ;
P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 28.
482. TARSIGER CHRYS AUS, Hodgson.

Tarsiger chryseus, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 88; PB. Z. S&S. (1845), p. 28; Ann. Nat. Hist.

CATALOGUE. ; oe

(1845), p. 198; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 70. Blyth, Cat.
B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 169. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 300. Jardine, Cont. Orn. p. 119, t. @ @.
Sericornis chrysea, Hodgs. Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 549.
The Golden Tarsiger, Gray.

a.bc.d. & 9. Nepal (No. 408, Hodgs. Cat.) Pre-
sented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“ This bird inhabits the central hills of the Himalaya; is shy,
solitary, and bush-loving, constantly descending to the ground from
its perch. It feeds and breeds on the ground, making a compact
saucer-like nest of moss. Eggs verditer.’’—(Hodgs.

483. TARSIGER SUPERCILIARIS, Hodgson.
Tarsiger superciliaris, Hodgs. Moore, P. Z. S. (1854),
p-
A. Bie. d. & 9. Nepal (Nos. 409, 924, Hodgs. Cat.).
Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., October, 1853.

T. superciliaris. Male, length 51 in., of wing 32 in., tail 28 in.,
bill to gape 3in., and tarse 14 in. Above, deep cyaneous; wings
brown, margined with cyaneous and rufous on the shoulder, primaries
also margined with rufous, secondaries with cyaneous; tail brown,
margined with cyaneous ; lores and cheeks black, a white superciliary
streak extending 11 in. from the nares to the back of the neck; be-
neath rufous; middle of belly white. Female, olive-brown above ;
wings and tail brown, margined with rusty olive; superciliary streak
not so clear as in the male ; beneath pale dull rufous ; middle of belly
and shafts on the underside of tail white ; bill black ; legs horn.

Genus CranEcuLa, Brehm. (1828).
PanpiciLua, Blyth, Field Nat. Mag. (18838).

484. CYANHCULA SUECICA, Linn. Sp.

Motacilla suecica, Linn., S. N. 1. p. 336. Lath., Hist.
VII. p. 28. Tickell, J. A 8. Beng. II. p. 575.
Cyanecula suecica, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 182.
Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p.70. Blyth, J. A. SB.
Beng. XVI. p. 185; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.

p- 167. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 296.

312 CATALOGUE.

Pheenicura suecica, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 92. Jerd.,
Madr. Journ. X. p. 267.

Sylvia sperata, var. A., Lath., Hist. VII. p.107 (female).

Calliope suecicoides, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 83. |

Blue-necked Warbler, Lath., Hist. VII. p. 30, t. 104
(male).

The Bluebreast, Blyth.

Husatnrt Prppa, Hind., Jerd.

Dumevk, Cabul, Blyth.

Nert Kunturzt, GuNPIGceRA, and GuRPEDRAH, Hind.,
Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. I. p. 22.

a.b. g. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

c.d. & 2. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

é g. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Col-
lection.

“The Bluebreast affects the open country, where there are no
trees, and especially reedy places or plantations of sugar-cane, or
growing corn or high grass, or ground covered with the broad leaves
of cucurbitaceous plants; and there they are seen generally on the
ground, running with alternate steps, like a Pipit or Wagtail, and
occasionally spreading wide the tail, displaying its rufous base to
advantage; seldom perching, but flitting before you as you advance,
and disappearing among the low cover, but soon coming forth when
all is still, yet without absolutely quitting the shelter of the herbage
by going more than a few paces from it. In Lower Bengal these
birds are extremely common in suitable situations.’”—(Blyth, J. A.
S. Beng. XVI. p. 185.)

“ In the Dukhun, this is far from being common, and is only found
during the cold season, from October till March. It frequents thick
hedges, gardens, sugar-cane fields, and long grass or weeds in beds
of tanks, &c., occasionally coming close to houses; and feeds on the
ground, on which it runs along picking up various insects, and does
not return so quickly to its perch, neither has it that peculiar
quivering of the tail, as the Indian Redstart, though while feeding
on the ground it occasionally jerks it up. It generally, when
observed, tries to conceal itself among the bushes it frequents.”’—
(Jerd., Madr. Journ. X. p. 267.)

Mr. E. L. Layard “ procured this bird in Ceylon, at Ambegamoa, in

CATALOGUE. 313

the month of March. Was not seen in any other locality.”—(Ann.
N. H. (1853), p. 267.)

Genus CaLLiopE, Gould, Birds of Hur. (1836).
Metonss, Keys. et Blas., Hur. Wirb. (1840).

485. CALLIOPE CAMTSCHATKENSIS, Gel. Sp.
Turdus camtschatkensis, Gmel., S. N. Z. I. p. 817.
Lath., Hist. V. p. 138, t. 83.
Calliope camtschatkensis, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI.
p. 134; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 169. Bonap.,
CO. G. Av. p. 295.
Motacilla calliope, Pallas, Trav. III. p. 697. Tickell,
J. A. S. Beng. I. p. 575.
Cyanecula calliope, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 182.
Calliope Lathami, Gould, Birds of Eur. t.14. Hodgs.,
Cat. B. of Nep. p.69. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XI.
p. 112; XII. p. 934.
The Ruby-throated Warbler, Lath.
GuypicERA, Beng., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton.
Gana@uLaR, Nepal, Hodgs.
A. g. Assam. From McClelland’s Collection.
B.C.d. & ¢. Calcutta. Presented by the Asiatic Society
of Bengal.
é. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
f &. Drawing. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Col-_

lection.

_“ This bird is common in Lower Bengal during the cold season.”’
—(Blyth.) }

“ Haunts thickets and underwood ; is rare, solitary, and silent.”
—(Tickell, J. A. S. Beng. II. p. 575.)

486. CALLIOPE PECTORALIS, Gould.
Calliope pectoralis, Gould, Icones Avium, t. Blyth, J.
A. S. Beng. XII. p. 984; XVI. p.185; Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 169. Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep.
p. 69. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 295.
Bradybates pectoralis, G. R. Gray, Gen.of Birds, I. p. 181.
A.b. 3. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
c. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
2s

March 18th, 1954.

314 CATALOGUE.

Subfam. III. SYLVIANA, Vigors.

Genus OrtHotomus, Horsf:, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 165
(1820).
EpeEta, Less., Tr. d’Orn. p. 309 (1831).
Suroria, Wicholson, P. Z. S. (1851), p. 194.

487. ORTHOTOMUS SHEPIUNM, Horsfield.

Orthotomus sepium, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p.166. Lath., Hist. 1V. p. 265. TLemm., Pl. Col.
599, fil. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 162.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.145. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 282. Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p.

The Chiglet Creeper, Lath.

Horsfield’s Tailor-Bird.

Cuie.et, Java, Horsf.

A. B. and Drawing. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Col-
lection.

488. ORTHOTOMUS EDELA, Temminck.

Orthotomus edela, Temm., Pl. Col. 599, f. 2 (1836). G.
Rk. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 162. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.144. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 282.
Moore, P. Z. 8. (1854), p.

Motacilla sepium, apud Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 318. Lath., Hist. VII. p. 218.

Edela ruficeps, Less., Cent. Zool. p. 212, ¢. 71 (1834)
(nec. Less., Tr. d’ Orn.).

Raffles’s Tailor-Bird.

Kacuicut, Sumatra, Raffles.

a. Drawing. Sumatra. From Sir T. 8. Raffles’s Col-
lection.

489. ORTHOTOMUS FLAVOVIRIDIS, Moore.
Orthotomus flavoviridis, Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p.
The Yellowish-green Tailor-Bird.

A. B. Malacca. Purchased.

O. flavoviridis. The forehead, crown, round the eyes, and occiput,

CATALOGUE. 315

ferruginous ; back and rump yellowish green ; tail more dusky green ;
wings brown, broadly margined exteriorly throughout with yellowish
green; chin, base of lower mandible, ear-coverts, centre of some of
the feathers of the throat and breast, white ; throat and fore part of
breast black, centered as above ; lower part of breast ash and white ;
middle of the abdomen white; flanks yellowish; extreme edge of
shoulder of wing yellow; under part of tail yellowish, with a
terminal dusky band, tipped with yellowish; thighs greenish-fer-
ruginous. Specimen labelled male. Length 4 in., of wing 14 1in.,
tail 12 in., tarsus 5% in.; bill to gape {4 in.

490. ORTHOTOMUS CINERACEUS, Blyth.
Orthotomus cineraceus, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIV.
p. 589 (1845); Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 144.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 282. Moore, P. Z. 8. (1854), p.
Orthotomus sepium, apud Lafr., Mag. de Zool. t. 51.
The Grey Tailor-Bird.

A. Malacca. Purchased.
“ Upper parts pure ash-grey, without any tinge of green ; forehead

The following are the descriptions of the other known species of this genus.

ORTHOTOMUS LONGIROSTRIS, Swains.
Orthotomus longirostris, Swains., 21 Cent. p. 343 (1837). G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 162. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 282. Moore, P.
Z. S. (1854), p.
The Black-throated Grey Tailor-bird.

Has. S. W. Australia, Swains. Malacca ?

“ Cinereous ; sides of the body beneath cinereous, the middle white ; head,
chin, and thighs, ferruginous ; throat black ; tail brownish, graduated ; the latter
with dusky black ends, tipped with whitish. Bill and legs pale.

“‘ Length 43 in. ; bill to gape = in. ; wing 2+, in ; tail beyond 1 in. ; base 1-4; in. ;
tarsus 5% in.” —(Swainson.)

This species differs from O. cineraceus, B., in having a black throat, and the
wing being -;3,in. longer ; the tarsus also being longer by a } in,

ORTHOTOMUS CUCULLATUS, Temm.

Orthotomus cucullatus, Temm., Pl. Col. 599, f. 3. G. R. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, I. p. 162. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 282. Moore, P. Z. S.
(1854), p.

Has. Java, Sumatra, Zemminck.

“Top of head bright ferruginous ; neck, jaws, and the sides of the breast of a
pure ash; the neck in front, the breast, and the middle of the belly, are pure

—- 316 CATALOGUE.

and sides of the head light ferruginous, palest on the cheeks, and
there is a slight tinge of the same upon the chin ; crown tinged with
olive brown; lower parts white, passing to light ashy on the sides of
the breast ; tail somewhat brownish, with terminal dusky band, and
whitish extreme tips to its outer feathers; tibial plumes rust-
coloured; the tarsi and toes red brown; bill dusky above, pale
beneath. Length about 424 in., of wing 1,8; in., tail 18 in., bill to
gape 3 in., tarse $ in.’””—(Blyth.)

In our specimen of O. cineraceus, the centre of the throat, and
the whole of the breast and flanks are lightish ash, paling to silky
white on the centre of the belly; the chin and sides of the throat
with the ear-coverts, being light ferruginous ; under tail-coverts also
white ; the wing and tarsus are both 2 in. longer; wings brown, the
primaries margined exteriorly with pale dusky ferruginous, the
secondaries with ashy olive; extreme edge of wing, under spurious
wing-coverts, and exterior margin of the latter, ferruginous white,
contrasting with the ash on the breast; under wing-coverts white.
Other characters as in the description above.

491. ORTHOTOMUS RUFICEPS, Lesson Sp.

Edela ruficeps, Less., Tr. d Ornith. p. 309 (1831) (nee.
Less., Cent. Zool.).

Orthotomus ruficeps, Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p.

Orthotomus sericeus, Zemm., Text de Pl. Col. 599
(1836).

white ; the sides, the thighs, and the abdomen, of a yellow citron ; back and wings
of a greenish tint, the quills and tail margined with greenish ; upper mandible
brown, the lower, as well as the feet, yellowish.” —(Temm.)

ORTHOTOMUS ATROGULARIS, Temm.

Orthotomus atrogularis, Temm., Text de Pl. Col. 599. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 162. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 282. Moore, P.
Z. S. (1854), p.

The Black-throated Tailor-bird.

Has. Malacca, Borneo, Temminck.

‘* This species is the smallest of the genus, The forehead, top of the head, and
the occiput, bright brownish-red ; the neck, the back, and the wings, of a grassy-
green ; the tail of a yellowish-green, marked near the end, and on the inner web,
with a narrow yellowish band ; the chin, throat, breast, and upper parts of flanks,
pure black ; the sides of the abdomen yellowish ; middle of the belly and abdomen

white ; bill and feet brown. No difference in the sexes. Length 3} in.”—
(Temm.)

CATALOGUE. 317

The Rufous-headed Tailor-Bird.
A. Malacca. Purchased.

This species may readily be distinguished by the bright colour of
the head, the tail also being of the same colour, but not so bright ;
and the bill being considerably longer and stouter (though strictly
typical) than in the other species. Length 43 in., wing 2 in., tail
14 in., bill to gape 4 in., and tarsus 8; in.

492. ORTHOTOMUS LONGICAUDA, Gmel. Sp.

Motacilla longicauda et M. sutoria, Gmel., S. NV. ZL. I.
pp. 954, 997. Pennant, Ind. Zool. 1. p. 4A.

Orthotomus longicauda, Strickl., Ann. N. H. XIII.
p. 35. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIII. p. 377; Cat.
B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 144. G. RB. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, I. p. 162. Tickell, J. A. 8. Beng. XVII.
p. 298. Hutton, J. A. S. Beng. XVII. pt. II.
p. 691. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 281. Layard, Ann.
NV. H: (1858), p. 262. Moore, P. Z. 8. (1854), p.

Sylvia longicauda et 8S. sutoria, Lath., Ind. Orn. II.
pp. 545, 551; Gen. Hist. VIL. pp. 79,119. Vieiil.,
Ene. Meth. p. 456.

Malurus longicandus, Pearson, J. A. 8. Beng. X. p. 644.

Sylvia guzuratta, Lath., Ind. Orn. II. p.554; Gen. Hist.
VII. p. 129.

Orthotomus Bennettii et O. lingoo, Sykes, P. Z. 8.
(1832), p. 90. Lafres. Mag. de Zool. t. 52, 58.
Jerdon, Madr. Journ. XI. p. 1. greet Cat. B.
of Nep. p. 68.

Orthotomus ruficapilla, Hutton, J. A. S. Beng. II.
p. 504 (1888).

Orthotomus sphenurus, Swains., 23 Cent. p. 343 (1838).

Orthotomus sutorius, v. ruficapillus, v. sphenurus, Hodgs.
Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 82.

Orthotomus sutoria et O. patia, Hodgs., P. Z. 8. (1845),
p. 29.

Sutoria agilis, Nicholson, P. Z. 8. (1851), D 194.

The Indian Tailor-Bird, Pennant.

Puutxi, Hind., Jerdon.

Tuntuni, Beng., Hamilton. Blyth.

318 CATALOGUE.

Patra (‘ Leaf-bird’), Nepal, Hodgs.
A. B. ©. g ¢ (0. Bennettii et O. lingoo, Sykes).
Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
d. e. f. (O. sutoria et O. patia, Hodgs.). Nepal. Pre-
sented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
g. Drawing of bird, nest, and eggs, natural size. From
Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.

The earliest notice of this long-celebrated bird is found in
“ Pennant’s Indian Zoology,” a classical work which combines
various fragments of zoology collected by Forster, Loten, and other —
early Indian zoologists. The systematic name was first given by
Gmelin. After various interesting remarks on Indian Zoology,
Pennant describes the nest of the Tailor Bird as follows: “The bird
picks up a dead leaf, and, surprising to relate, sews it to the side of a
living one, its slender bill being its needle, and its thread some fine
fibres; the lining feathers, gossamer, and down.”

The bird is subsequently described by most Indian ornithologists.

Mr. Jerdon remarks: “The YZailor Bird is tolerably common in
most wooded districts, and universally spread, frequenting cultivated
ground, especially gardens, groves of trees, and is also found in high
jungle in the more open spaces. It lives in pairs or in small flocks,
incessantly hopping about the branches of trees and shrubs, peas, and
other vegetables, with a loud reiterated note, and picking various
insects (chiefly ants and small larve) off the bark and leaves, and
not unfrequently seeking them on the ground. It has the habit of
frequently jerking up its tail while feeding, or hopping about, and
at times (especially when calling) it has the power of raising the
feathers on the lower part of its throat, and displaying on either
side a small black stripe. This has been noted by no one except
Lieutenant Hutton, who states: ‘It is only seen when the bird is
in motion, and wholly disappears when in a state of rest.’ It has
various notes, one of which sounds like twee, twee, twee, as mentioned
by Colonel Sykes, and another which is generally used when alarmed
or angry, and sounds like chick, chick, chick, chicky, chick. It is
a familiar bird, and ventures close to houses, but when observed
becomes wary.”

The following are a few observations on the structure of two
specimens of the nest of the present bird, which were found in the
garden belonging to Captain Hearsey, by Lieutenant Hutton. “The
first was neatly formed of raw cotton and bits of cotton threads

CATALOGUE. 319

woven strongly together, thickly lined with horse-hair, and supported
between two leaves on a twig of the amaltius tree (Cassia fistula).
These two leaves were first placed longitudinally upon each other,
and stitched in that position from the points to rather more than
half way up the sides with a strong thread spun from the raw cotton
by the bird, leaving the entrance to the nest at the upper end,
between the stalks of the leaves, at the point where they join the
branch of the tree. Both of these leaves were, of course, green and
living ; subsequently, however, they were blown down by a high
wind, and being now withered, the nest appears enclosed between
two dead leaves.

“The second specimen was at the end of a branch of the Bhela
(Semecarpus anacardium), about two feet from the ground, and con-
structed of the same materials as the above, viz., raw cotton, cotton
threads, also a little flax, and lined with horse-hair alone; the leaves
were stitched together partly with thread prepared by the bird, and
partly with spun thread, and so well concealed was it, that even after
Captain Hearsey had discovered it (by accident), he could scarcely
find it again to show to me. In it were found an egg and two
young birds nearly fledged; these I placed with the nest in a trap
cage, and thus succeeded in capturing both of the old birds.

“The young birds are similar in colour to the adults, except that
they are paler, and the top of the head cinereous with a faint rufous
tinge; bill yellowish; the eggs are white, spotted, chiefly at the
larger end, with tawny spots.

“They are very lively little birds, exhibiting a good deal of the
manner of the creeper tribe (Cinnyris), carefully searching beneath
every leaf and into every chink and hole for insects, which they
seize with great rapidity, feseng their tails up and down, and
uttering a sharp reiterated cry.”

In another notice, the same author states: “Similar nests and
eggs agreeing in every respect as those described above have since
fallen under my observation ; in all of these, the nest was composed
of cotton, wool, vegetable fibre, and horse-hair, formed in the shape
of a deep cup or purse, enclosed between two long leaves, the edges
of which were sewed to the sides of the nest, in a manner to support
it, by threads spun by the bird; the eggs are three to four, of a
white colour, sprinkled with small specks, chiefly at the larger end,
of rufous or tawny.”

Dr. Nicholson gives the following notice: “I have found its
singularly sewn nest containing eggs or young at all seasons of the

320 CATALOGUE.

year, in May and in November; and this may be owing to the
vegetation of gardens being always kept up by means of artificial irri-
gation ; for cultivated spots seem its favourite, if not exclusive, resort,
at least in the north of India. Though no doubt it haunts suitable
jungles, I never observed it there, nor ever discovered its nest so
situated ; but I have found many nests in my gardens, both at Surat
and at Raghote, as well as in Cutch. It seems to prefer the leaf of
the Bringal (Solanum esculentum), or that of the Cucurbita octan-
gularis, for the purposes of nidification; and it lays four small white
eggs, marked with famt dark spots at the larger end. After selecting
a fitting leaf, it proceeds by means of its feet and beak to draw the
edges together, perforating holes therein, and securing their proximity
by threads of cotton, with bunches at the end to prevent their giving
way. Then the nest is constructed inside the leaf, now forming a
sort of cove, with cotton; the entrance is at the top, and the nest
seems small in proportion to the bird.”
The Tailor Bird is found in India generally, Ceylon, the Burmese

countries, and the Malayan peninsula.

_ Further notices of the habits and nest of this curious bird will be
found by the following authors in the references above referred to,
viz., Hodgson, Sykes, Blyth, Layard, &c.

Genus Printa, Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 165 (1820).

493. PRINIA FAMILIARIS, Horsf.

Prinia familiaris, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 165;
Zool. Res. in Java, t. Lath., Hist. IV. p. 264.
Swains., Zool. Ill. n. s. t=. 97. G. R. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, I. p. 162. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 284.

Motacilla olivacea, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 318. -Lath., Hist. VII. p. 218.

Orthotomus prinia, Temm., Text de Pl. Col. 599.

Familiar Creeper, Lath.

Prinya, Java, Horsf.

A. b. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

c. Drawing (M. olivacea, Raffles). Sumatra. From Sir
T. 8. Raffles’s Collection.

“The Prinya is abundant in many parts of Java near villages and
gardens; in the confines of these it builds its nest on trees and
shrubs. Its motions are sprightly. It sports among the branches

CATALOGUE. 321

in short-and rapid flights, and enlivens the neighbourhood with
pleasant notes, from which the native name is derived.”’—(Horsf.)

494. PRINIA FLAVIVENTRIS, Delessert Sp.

Orthotomus flaviventris, Deless., Rev. Zool. (1840),
p-101; Voy. dans ? Inde, pt. 2. p. 80.

Prinia flaviventris, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XIII. p. 376;
XVI. p. 455 ; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p.144. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 162. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 284.

A. Bengal, 6. Malacca. Presented by the Asiatic So-
ciety of Bengal.

c. Nepal (No. 944, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by B.
H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

495. PRINIA SOCIALIS, Sykes.

-Prinia socialis, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 89; J. A. 8.
Beng. II. p. 587 ; Jerd., Madr. J. XI. p. 3. Blyth,
J. A. S. Beng. XIII. p.3876; XVI. p.455; Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 144. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, I. p. 162. Fraser, Zool. Typ. t. 43. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 284. Layard, Ann. N. H. (1858),
p. 262.

Foodkey Warbler, Lath., Hist. VII. p. 125.

Ash-coloured Wren- Warbler, Jerdon,

Puurxt, Hind., Blyth.

A. B.c. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

d. e. Nepal (No. 890, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by B.
H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

“This species constructs the same ingenious nest and has the
same note, ‘ tooee tooee,’ and feeds in the same manner as the Ortho-
tomus longicauda. It is remarkable for a struggling flight, as if it
experienced difficulty in making its way.’”’-—(Sykes.)

“Ts unequally distributed over the peninsula, being tolerably
common in some localities and rarely met. with in others. In the
Carnatic, I have met it among reeds and long grass, by the side of
rivers and tanks; on the west coast, in similar situations, and much
more common; while I have hitherto seen it but rarely in the table-
land; on the Neilgherries near Coonoor and Kotagherry, it is very

2¢

322 CATALOGUE.

abundant in dry bushy ground. I have not verified Col. Sykes’s
observation as to its nidification, and have found the nest of another
species to be very different.’’—(Jerdon.) ; 3

496. PRINIA HODGSONT, Blyth.

Prinia Hodgsonii, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 376
(1844) ; XVI. p. 456; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 143. G. RB. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 162.
Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 68. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 284.

Prinia gracilis, apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. XI. p. 3.

Small Wren- Warbler, Jerd.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

b. N, India. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal. |

c. d. e. f. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.

497. PRINIA CINEREOCAPILLA, Hodgson.
Prinia cinereocapilla, Hodgs. Moore, P. Z. 8. (1854), p.

a. b. c. Nepal (No. 890* Hodgs. Cat.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

Crown of the head grey, the shaft and margin of the feathers being
darker; nareal and frontal plumes, a streak over and beyond the
eye, and the whole under parts rufescent, brightest on the flanks
and thighs ; lores and upper parts of ear-coverts greyish ; nape, back,
rump, and wings bright rufous brown, the tips of the latter dusky ;
tail the same colour as the back, paler beneath, with a terminal
dusky band, and rufescent white tips; bill black; legs pale horn.
Length 43 in., wing 1,8; in., tail 2 in., bill to front 2in., to gape $in.,
tarsus $ in., middle Aish ne claw +4 in., hind datos = xf; In.

Genus Horeires, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 82;
P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 30.

Nivicouta, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. — p. 82;
J. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 586.

498. HOREITES POLLICARIS, Hodge.

Horeites pollicaris, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p-82; P. Z. S. (1845), p.380; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 65;

CATALOGUE. 323

Ann. N. H. XVI. p. 200; Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 585. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 281.

Drymoica pollicaria, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 164.

a. Nepal (No. 848). Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

499. HOREITES SCHISTILATUS, Hodgs.
Nivicola schistilata, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p- 82; Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 586.
Horeites schistilatus, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 30;
Cat. B. of Nep. 65; Ann. N. H. XVI. p. 200.
Drymoica. schistilata, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 164.

a. b. Nepal (No. 860, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by B.
H. Hodgson, Esq.

500. HOREITES BRUNNIFRONS, Hodgs.
Horeites brunnifrons, Hodgs.. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 82; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 65, App. p. 151; Journ. A.
S. Beng. XIV. p. 585.
Prinia brunnifrons, Hodgs., P. Z. S. Gist), p. 29; Ann.
N. H. XVI. p. 200.

a. b. c. d. (No. 836, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by B.
H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

“These birds inhabit the northern regions of Nepal, near the.
snows, dwelling in brushwood and being much on the ground.”—
( Hodgson.)

501. HOREITES MAJOR, Hodgson.
Horeites major, Hodgs. Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p.

BR. 6: Nepal (No. 946, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., October, 1853.

H. major. Above olive brown, ruddier on the wings; tail rounded,
and of a dusky brown, with the outer webs. fringed with olive
brown ; cap red-brown, a yellowish ferruginous superciliary streak
extending over the ear-coverts; upper parts of ear-coverts ruddy
brown, lower ashy; throat, sides of neck, centre of breast, and
abdomen: ashy white; sides of the breast and flanks olive brown ;
bill dark horn, yellowish at base beneath; feet yellowish. Length

324 CATALOGUE.

5 in., of wing 23 in., tail 2,%, in., outer feather #in., shorter than
the middle, bill to front £ in., to gape § in., tarsus ;% in., middle toe
and claw =, in., inner ditto 5, in., outer ditto rather more than 2 in.

This species may easily be distinguished by its greater size, larger
bill, and by the wings being much longer, though the latter are
rounded as in the other species, and by the nearly total absence of
ash colour on the under parts, the feet also being longer and stronger.

Genus Neornis, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 82.
Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 590.

502. NEORNIS FLAVOLIVACEA, Hodgson.

Neornis flavolivacea, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 82; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 66, et App. p. 152. Blyth,
Journ. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 590; Cat. B. Mus.
A. 8. Beng. p. 144. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 291.

Sylvia flavolivacea, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 174.

Neornis cacharensis, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 82 (the young).

Drymoica brevicaudata, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI.
p. 459 (1847) (the adult).

a. Nepal (N. cacharensis, H.). Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq. :

Genus Cisticota, Lesson (1881).

503. CISTICOLA CURSITANS, Frankl. Sp.

Prinia cursitans, Franklin, P. Z. S. (1831), p. 118.
Jerdon, Madr. Journ. XI. p.5; Ill. Ind. Orn. t. 6.
Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 590.

Cisticola cursitans, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 457;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 145. Hodgs., Oat. B.
of Nep. p. 62. Tickell, J. A. 8. Beng. XVII.
p. 800. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 286.

Cisticola subhemalayana, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 82.

Drymoica cisticola, Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 164.

The Grass- Warbler, Jerdon.

Guaska Pourxki or GHasKa Pirpirret, Hind., Jerd.

Kuerr Guus, Bhagulpore, Blyth.

CATALOGUE. 325

A. B. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

c.d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“This little bird abounds in suitable localities throughout the
country, frequenting sedges and long grass, also growing corn and
other low crops; it may be commonly observed to rise a little way
into the air, as is the habit of so many birds that inhabit similar
situations, repeating at intervals a single note, ‘77k, gik.’ It con-
structs a beautiful nest, sewing together a number of growing stems
and leaves of grass with a delicate pappus, which forms also the.
lining ; and laying four or five translucent white eggs, with reddish
brown spots, more numerous and forming a ring at the large end,
very like those of Orthotomus longicauda.’’—(Blyth.)

‘When disturbed, it takes a short interrupted flight, and on seating
itself hides among the tufts of grass, and often runs several yards.
It feeds on ants, the larve of small grasshoppers, and various other
insects.”’—(Jerdon.) |

- Genus Surya, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 183 (1836).
-Decurvs, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. X. p. 28 (1841).

504. SUYA CRINIGER, Hodgson.

Suya criniger, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 183. Blyth,
J. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 375. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 281.

Decurus (Suya) criniger, v. caudata, Hodgs. Gray’s
Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 82.

Prinia criniger, Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 63.

Drymoica criniger, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XVI. p. 457;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 142. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 164. Hutton, J. A. 8. Beng.
XVII. pt. 2, p. 692.

Surya, Nepal, Hodgson.

A. b. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

c.d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June,
1853.

“The favourite resort of the Suye is the upland downs which are
scattered with brushwood Owing to the feebleness of their wings,
they need the shelter of low trees and shrubs; but they are almost

326 CATALOGUE.

perpetually on the ground, seeking their food there exclusively.
Small scaled insects are their favourite food, with larve ; next grubs
and caterpillars; berries they seldom touch; never grain nor ne
noes, nor consequently gravel.’’—(Hodgson.)

“ This little bird appears on the hills at about 5,000 feet in May.
A nest taken much lower down in June, was composed of grasses
neatly interwoven in the shape of an ovate ball, the smaller end
uppermost, and forming the mouth or entrance; it was lined first
with cottony seed down and then with fine grass stalks; it was
suspended among high grass, and contained five beautiful little eggs
of a carneous white colour, thickly freckled with deep rufous, and
with a darkish confluent ring of the same at the larger end.
Diameter 32 x 58 im. I have seen this species as high as 7,000 feet
in October. It delights to sit on the summit of tall grass, or even
of an oak, from whence it pours forth a loud and long-continued
grating note, like the filing of a saw.” —(Hutton.) .

505. SUYA FULIGINOSA, Hodgs.

Decurus (Suya) fuliginosa, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc.
(1844), p. 82. Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep., p. 63.

a. b. c. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.

This species differs from S. eriniger in having a more robust bill,
which is entirely black; the feathers of the breast being dusky black,
with rufescent white shafts and tips. The legs are also stouter.

506. SUYA ATROGULARIS, Moore.
Suya atrogularis, Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p

A. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
b. c.d. Nepal (No. 893, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., October, 1853.

S. atrogularis. Colour above, dusky brown, in some specimens
ashy brown ; edge of wing at shoulder and under wing-coverts buff ;
primaries margined with buffish, and secondaries with rufescent-
brown; a@ whitish streak extending from the base of the lower
mandible to the end and under the ear-covert ; chin, throat, side of
neck, breast, and middle of abdomen black, the feathers of the two
latter broadly centered with white; flanks and sides of abdomen
mixed grey, brown, and rufescent; vent buff; thighs buffy-rufous ;

CATALOGUE. 327

tail of ten feathers, paler than the back, without perceptible
terminal band; bill horn, feet paler. Length 63 in., including the
tail, wings from 13 to 2 in. in some specimens, central feathers of
tail from 3} to 4 in., its outermost being only 1 in., bill to gape
;8; in., to front ;8, in., height from chin to front 5 in., width at
chin 52; in., tarsi Z in.

507. SUYA LEPIDA, Blyth.
Drymoica lepida, Blyth, J. A. 8. i XIII. p. 376
(1844); XVI. p. 460; Out. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p. 143. G. BR. Gray, aay of Birds, I. p. 164.
Suya lepida, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 281.

a. Shikarpore. From Griffith’s Collection.
b. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

This species may be distinguished by the “ general light olive-grey
colour above, each feather having a medial dusky streak, broader on
those of the crown and back; wings light dusky brown, the feathers
margined with olive-grey, and tail throughout distinctly branded
above with narrow transverse duskyish lines, below pale, with
whitish tips, and a subterminal dusky band to each feather; the
under parts throughout are greyish white, with lores and a slight
supercilium of the same. Length 42 to 53 in., tail varying from 23
to 25 in., with its outermost feathers from 1 to 1+ in. less, alar
expanse 57 to 51 in., closed wing 13 in., bill to gape + in., tarse $in.
Irides bright yellowish brown; bill plumbeous, paler (and some-
times carneous) below; legs pale carneous, with a faint tinge of
yellow.”

“This bird inhabits low scrub, intermixed with tufts of coarse
sedgy grass, growing in sandy places by the river side, and it
frequently flies out to feed among the thin herbage growing along
the margin of the sand-dunes.”’—(Blyth.)

Genus Drymoica, Swains., Zool. Journ. (1827).

508. DRYMOICA SYLVATICA, Jerdon Sp.
Prinia sylvatica, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. XI. p. 4 Cres).
Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIII. p. 376.
Drymoica sylvatica, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 142. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 164.
Suya sylvatica, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 281.
Jungle Wren- Warbler, Jerdon.

328 CATALOGUE.

A. Neilgherries. Presented by John Gould, Esq.
b.c. 8. India. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

“ This bird frequents the open forest jungle of the Neilgherries.”’
—(Jerdon.)

509. DRYMOICA NEGLECTA, Jerdon Sp.

Prinia neglecta, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. XIII. pt. 2, p. 180
(1844).

Drymoica neglecta, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 142. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 164.

Suya neglecta, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 281.

Drymoica sylvatica, apud Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 458.

a. Upper India. Presented by Dr. Falconer.

Mr. Blyth remarks: “TI recently obtained a specimen of this bird
about 40 miles N.W. of Midnapore. It was in an open bushy
place, near tree-jungle. Its note was a long-continued and rapid
repetition of the sound twit.”

510. DRYMOICA INORNATA, Sykes Sp.

Prinia inornata, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1882), p. 89. Jerd.,
Madr. Journ. XI. p. 4. Blyth, J. A. S. Beng.
XIII. p. 376; XVIII. p. 812. Fraser, Zool. Typ.
t.44. Layard, Ann. N. H. (18538), p. 268.

Drymoica inornata, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 459;
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 142, et App. p.xx. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 164.

DRYMOICA VALIDA, Blyth.
Drymoica valida, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XX. p. 180 (1851) ; App. to
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. xx.
Drymoica robusta, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVIII. p. 812 (1849) ;

Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 142. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 164.

Suya robusta, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 281.
Has. Ceylon.

DRYMOICA POLYCHROA, Temminck Sp.
Malurus polychrous, Zemm., Pl. Col. 446, f. 3.
Drymoica, Sp. No. 802, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 142;
Journ, A, S. Beng. XVI. p. 459.
Suya Blythi, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 281.
Has. Java.

CATALOGUE. 329

Suya inornata, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 281.

Prinia macroura,* Frankl., P. Z. S. (1831), p. 118.
Jerd., Madr. Journ. XI. p. 4.

Sylvia longicaudata, Zickell, J. A. S. Beng. I. im 576
(1833).

Prinia Franklinii, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 376
(1844).

Prinia fusca, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 82;
-P. ZS. (1845), p. 29; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 63.

Drymoica fusca, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 460.

Drymoica Jerdoni, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 459
(1847).

The Common Wren- Warbler, Jerdon.

A. B. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

b. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

c. Nepal (No. 957, Hodgs. Cat.). Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

d. Bengal. Presented by Captain R. C. Tytler, February,
1854.

“ This is a common bird in all parts of the Peninsula, frequenting
low bushes on the open plains, hedges, low trees, grain-fields, &c.
Tt is found generally in pairs, or sometimes in small flocks ; feeds on
ants, larvee, and other insects, and endeavours to conceal itself in the
thick bushes or hedges, and on being driven away, flies off to the
nearest bush or tree with a low jerking flight. I once procured the
nest of this species: it was open at the top, neatly made with grass
well interwoven, without any lining, and fixed in a low bush very
near the ground; it contained four blue eggs.’”’—(Jerdon.)

511. DRYMOICA NIPALENSIS, Hodgson.
Drymoica nipalensis, Hodgs. Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p.
a. b. Nepal (No. 918, Hodgs. Catal.). ~ Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

D. nipalensis. Above rufous brown; wings dusky brown; the
primaries exteriorly, and secondaries interiorly and exteriorly,

* Previously used by Latham.
hw

330 CATALOGUE.

margined with bright rufous-brown; tail rufous-brown, paler
beneath, and distinctly rayed; has a terminal dusky band, seen most
conspicuous above, the tips being pale but not white; the whole
under-parts rufescent, as in Prinia socialis, Sykes ; bill dusky ors
paler below at base; legs pale horn. Length 41 to 5in. piles: 119

tail varying from 23 to 3 in., bill to front =4, in., to gape +4 in., plas:
1° in., middle toe and claw -8, in., hind ditto ~f, aa ps

Genus Mecaturus, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 158
(1820).

512. MEGALURUS PALUSTRIS, Horsjfeld.

Megalurus palustris, Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 159. Lath., Hist. VII. p.125. Blyth, J. A. S.
Beng. XIII. p. 372; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 1389. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 169.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 279.

Malurus marginalis, Reinw., Temm. Pl. Col. 65, f. 2-

Turdus takko, Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. II. p. 75.

Fenny Warbler, Lath.

Larri-ancon, Java, Horsf.

Taxxo, Hind., Hamilton.

A. b. c. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

“This bird has a fine flute-like voice, which it pours forth as it
ascends to some height above the reeds which it frequents, and then
suddenly drops down among them. It has a remarkable freedom of
action of the legs, enabling it to sprawl widely as it clambers among
the reeds and grass-stems.’’—( Blyth.)

Genus Cuartornis, G. &. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 167
(1848).

518. CHAETORNIS STRIATUS, Jerdon Sp.

Megalurus striatus, Jerd., Suppl. Cat. B. (1841) ; Madr.
Journ. XIII. pt. 1, p. 169 (1844) ; pt. 2, p. 128.

Chaétornis striatus, G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p- 167. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 280.

Sphenura striata, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p- 189.

CATALOGUE. 33]

Dasyornis locustelloides, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI.
p. 602 (1842); XIII. p. 373, 9.
Dasyornis colluriceps, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 6038 ;
XIII. p. 873 (1844), g.

A. B. g 9. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society
of Bengal.

“Tt has been suggested by Mr. R. W. G. Frith, that the very
remarkable ant-orbital bristles of this bird are admirably adapted to
protect the eyes when it is forcing its way through the dense tufts
of high grass and reeds among which it is constantly found. The
nest of this bird nearly accords with that of a Walacocercus, and the
eges being blue.’’—(Blyth.)

Genus ArunpiINnAx, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 595 (1845).
PuHragMaTIcoLa, Blyth, IS.
514. ARUNDINAX OLIVACEUS, Blyth.
. Phragmaticola olivacea, Blyth, MS. Jerd., Madr. Journ.
XIII. pt. 2, p. 129 (1844).
Arundinax olivaceus, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p.595 ;

Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.181. Bonap., CO. G.
Av. p. 287.

A. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

B. c. Nepal (No. 930, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by B.
H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

d. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

e. Dacca. Presented by Capt. R. CO. Tytler, February,
1854.

Genus AcrocEPHaLus, Naum. Vag. alte Augs. Nachtr. (1819).
CALAMOHERPE, Boie, Isis (1822) p. 972.
515. ACROCEPHALUS BRUNNESCENS, Jerdon Sp.

Agrobates brunnescens, Jerd., Madr. Jowrn. X. p. 269
(1839).

Acrocephalus brunnescens, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. SB.
Beng. p. 181.

Calamoherpe brunnescens, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XV.
p. 288. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 285...

S14 CATALOGUE.

Malacocereus abornis, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 83. .

Acrocephalus arundinaceus v. turdoides of India, Blyth,
J. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 112; XIV. p. 594. Hodgs.,
Cat. B. of Nep. p. 64.

Calamodyta arundinacea, apud G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
1. p. Tia:

The Greater Indian Reed- Warbler.

A. Assam. From McClelland’s Collection.
6. China. From Reeves’s Collection.
c. d. Dacca. Presented by Capt. R. C. Tytler, Feb., 1854.

“This is an uncommon bird; in its manners it somewhat ap-.
proaches the Orthotomi and Prinie. I have seen it in the Carnatic,
near Trichinopoly, also near Jaulnah, and in other parts of the table-
land. It frequents high grain fields, to the stalks of which it clings,
and, on being observed, conceals itself among them. At Jaulnah, I
have seen it in my garden, hunting about various low shrubs, peas,
and beans, &c., among which, on being observed, it immediately
withdrew, most carefully hiding itself, and being with difficulty
driven from its place of refuge. I occasionally heard it utter a harsh
clucking note. I found its food, in two instances, to consist of
small grasshoppers and ants.’’—(Jerdon.)

516. ACROCEPHALUS MONTANUS, Horsfield Sp.

Sylvia montana, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 156
(1820). Lath., Hist. VII. p. 217.

Calamodyta montana, G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 172.

Calamoherpe montana, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 285.

The Java Reed- Warbler.

Curet, Java, Horsf.

A. B. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

517. ACROCEPHALUS DUMETORUM, Blyth.
Acrocephalus dumetorum, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVIII.
p. 815 (1849), e¢ App. to Oat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 826. Layard, Ann. N. H. (1858), p. 263.
Sylvia montana, apud Sykes, P. Z. S. (1882), p. 89.
Jerdon, Madr. Journ. XI. p.5; XIIL. pt. 2, p. 150.
Acrocephalus montanus, apud Blyth, J. A, 8S. Beng.

CATALOGUE. 333

XIV. p. 594; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 181.
Hodgs., Cat. B. Nepal, p. 64. Hutton, J. A. 8.
Beng. XVII. pt. 2, p. 690.

Salicaria arundinacea? Hodgs. G'ray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 82. |

Sylvia arundinacea, var. A., Lath., Hist. VII. p. 17.

The Lesser Indian Reed- Warbler.

Poprwa, Hind., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. I. p. 86.

TICKTICKEE of the Musselmen, Hamilton.

Ticxra, Bengal, Hamilton.

A. 6. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

B. C. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

d. e. Nepal (No. 818, 903, Hodgs. Cat.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

fg. Dacca. Presented by Capt. R. C. Tytler, February,
1854.

“This bird is very common throughout the Peninsula, and comes
a good deal into gardens, frequenting pea-rows and the like. In
wilder marshy districts, such as the swampy thickets in the vicinity
of the salt-water lake near Calcutta, not one is to be met with,
while A. brunnescens abound; and A. agricola is rarely seen in the
haunts of A. dumetorum.’’—(Blyth.)

“This species arrives in the hills, up to 7,000 feet at least, in
April, when it is very common, and appears in pairs, with something
of the manners of Phylloscopus. The note is a sharp ‘ tchik-tchik,’
resembling the sound emitted by a flint and steel. It disappears by
the end of May, in which month they breed ; but, owing to the high
winds and strong weather experienced in that month in 1848, many
nests were left incompleted, and the birds must have departed
without breeding. One nest, which I took on the 6th May, was a
round ball, with a lateral entrance ; it was placed in a thick barberry-
bush growing at the side of a deep and sheltered ditch; it was
composed of coarse dry grasses externally, and lined with finer grass.
Eggs three, and pearl-white, with minute scattered specks of rufous,
chiefly at the larger end; diameter 12 x 58 in.’””—(Hautton.)

Mr. Jerdon states: “It is certainly migratory in the south of
India.” |

334 CATALOGUE.

518. ACROCHPHALUS AGRICOLUS, Jerdon.

Sylvia agricola, Jerd., Madr. Jowrn. XIII. pt. 2, p. 131

(1844).
Acrocephalus agricolus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.

p. 182.
Calamoherpe agricola, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 595.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 285.
Calamodyta agricola, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 172.

A. B. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

C. Nepal (No. 903* Hodgs. Cat.). Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

“T found this species of Reed Warbler frequenting rice-fields in
the neighbourhood of Nellore during the cold weather.””—(Jerdon.)

Mr. Blyth has also found it very abundant in reedy ground near
Calcutta.

Genus CaLtamopyta, Meyer et Wolf (1815).

519. CALAMODYTA CINNAMOMEA, Riipp. Sp.

Salicaria cinnamomea, Riipp., Fawn. Abyss. p. 111, t. 42,

gol:
Calamodyta cmnamomea, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.

p. 172.
Calamoherpe cinnamomea, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 286.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Genus Dumeticona, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 583 (1845).

520. DUMETICOLA AFFINIS, Hodgson Sp.

Salicaria affinis, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 82;
Cat. B. of Nep. p. 64, et App. p. 151.

Calamodyta affinis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 172,
t. 49, f. 1.

Calamoherpe affinis, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 285.

Dumeticola thoracica, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 584
(1845) ; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 1838.

a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

CATALOGUE. 335

Genus Tripura, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 82;
P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 30.

521. TRIBURA LUTEOVENTRIS, Hodgson.

Tribura luteoventris, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 82; P. ZS. (1845), p. 380; Ann. N. H. XVI.
p. 201; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 64. Blyth, J. A. SB.
Beng. XIV. p. 583.

Calamodyta luteoventris, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 172.

Pseudoluscinia luteoventris, Blyth, Oat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 182.

The Luteous-bellied Tribura, Gray.

A.b.c.d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.
“ This bird inhabits the Kachar region of Nepal, among bushwood.”’
—(Hodgs.)
Genus Horornis, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 82 ;
J.A.S. Beng. XIV. p. 584.

522. HORORNIS FULVIVENTRIS, Hodgson.
Horornis fulviventris, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 31;
Cat. B. of Nep. p. 64; Ann. N. H. XVI. p. 202.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 290.

Regulus fulviventris, G. BR. Gray, Gen.-of Birds, I.
p. 175.
a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

523. HORORNIS FULIGIVENTER, Hodgson.
Horornis fuligiventer, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 31;

Cat. B. of Nep. p. 64; Ann. N. H. XVI. p. 201.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 290.

Regulus fuliginoventris, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 175. |
a. b. ©. sid Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

Genus PuyLiopnevuste, Meyer et Wolf (1815).

524, PHYLLOPNEUSTE RAMA, Sykes Sp.

Sylvia Rama, Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1832), p. 89. Jerd.,
Madr. Journ. XI. p. 5,

336 CATALOGUE.

Phyllopneuste Rama, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 594;
XVI. p. 440; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 183.
Calamodyta Rama, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 172.

A. B. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

“This bird occurs abundantly in Lower Bengal, upon the sandy
soil above the tideway of the Hoogly, frequenting baubul topes and
scattered trees near villages, as well as hedges and low bush-jungle ;
T have also observed it in the jungles north and west of Midnapore.”’
—(Blyth.)

“Tt is a lively and active bird, hopping about the branches, and
capturing various small insects, occasionally on the wing, but
generally on the branches or leaves. It has a rather harsh chuckling
note, which it incessantly utters on being approached, and endeavours
to hide itself, creeping to the farther side of the tree.’’—(Jerdon.)

Genus Puyxtoscopus, Bote, Isis (1826) p. 792.

525. PHYILLOSCOPUS TRISTIS, Blyth.
Phylloscopus tristis, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XII. p. 966
(1843) ; XIV. p. 591; Ann. N. H. XIII. p. 178;
Catal. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 185.
Regulus tristis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 175.
Abrornis tristis, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 290.
Sylvia trochilus, apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. XI. p. 6.

A. 6. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.
c. Pushut. From Griffith’s Collection.

“ Common in swampy places wherever there is jungle, and diffused
generally over India; I also found this bird abundant in a mango
tope near Hooghly, where there was no marshy ground in the im-
mediate vicinity.’”’-—(Blyth.)

“In Southern India, I obtained a specimen in a wooded valley
along the edge of the northern range of Ghauts. It appeared active
_and lively in its habits, occasionally flying from some reeds and
perching on a stone in a brook, and from thence making short sallies
after insects in the air, or seizing one on the sand of the rivulet.””—
(Jerdon.)

526. PH YZLLOSCOPUS MAGNIROSTRIS, Blyth.
Phylloscopus magnirostris, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XII.
— p. 966 (1843).

CATALOGUE. 337

Phyllopneuste magnirostris, G. R. Gray, App. Hodgs.,
Cat. B. Nep. p. 151.
Phyllopneuste indicus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV.

p. 593; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 183.
Phylloscopus javanicus, (Horsf) apud Blyth, J. A. S.
Beng. XIII. p. 393; XIV. p. 591; Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. Beng. p. 185; App. p. 22.
Sylvia javanica, apud G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.174.
Phyllopneuste javanicus, apud Bonap., OC. G. Av. p. 290.
Phyllopneuste trochilus, Hodgs., Gray's Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 82; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 65.

A. b. c. Bengal (P. magnirostris, Bl.), d. Chusan (P.
indicus, Bl.). Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

e. Nepal (P. trochilus, Hodgs.). Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq. :

This is a rare bird in the neighbourhood of Calcutta; and “ my
shikaree, who shot it, informed me that it sung prettily ; and on my
imitating the well-known note of the Ph. trochilus, L., he assured
me that the song of this bird was quite different.’’—(Blyth.)

527. PHYLLOSCOPUS LUGUBRIS, Blyth.

Phylloscopus lugubris, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XII. p. 968
(1843); XIV. p. 591; Ann. N. H. XII. p. 98;
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 185.

Regulus lugubris, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 175.

Abrornis lugubris, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 290.

Abrornis xanthogaster, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 82; Cat. B. of Nepal, p. 66.

Phyllopneuste flaveolus, G. R. Gray, App. Cat. B.
Nep. p. 152.

Regulus flaveolus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 175.

Abrornis flaveolus, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 290.

a. Bengal (P. lugubris, Blyth). Presented by the
Asiatic Society of Bengal.
b.c.d.e. Nepal (Ab. xanthogaster, Hodgs.). Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
22

338

CATALOGUE.

528. PHYLLOSCOPUS VIRIDANUS, Blyth.

Phylloscopus viridanus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 967
(1843); XIV. ».591; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 185.

Phyllopneuste viridanus, G. R. Gray, App. Cat. B. Nep.

p. 162.
Regulus viridanus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 175.
Abrornis viridanus, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 290.
Phyllopneuste affinis, Blyth, Ann. N. H. XII. p. 98.
Abrornis tenuiceps, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 82; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 66.
Phyllopneuste rufa, apud Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. X1. p. 191.

a. Nepal (A. tenwiceps, Hodgs.). Presented by B. H.

Hodgson, Esq.

“This is very numerous in the vicinity of Calcutta during the
hyemal months, and is likewise common in Nepal. The note of
this bird is weak, and is expressible by the sound fiss-yip, frequently
uttered, but never repeated a number of times in continuous suc-
cession, like the much louder ¢sih-tseh of the European species.’’—

(Blyth.)

529. PHYLLOSCOPUS BRUNNEUS, Blyth.

Phylloscopus brunneus, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 591
(1845) ; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 185.

Phylloscopus fuscatus, var. Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI.
pp. 443-4.

A. B. C. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of

Bengal.

Genus ABrornis, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 82.
530. ABRORNIS CANTATOR, Tickell Sp.

Motacilla cantator, Tickell, J. A. S. Beng. II. p. 576
(1833).

Abrornis cantator, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 183.

Culicipeta cantator, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 440.

Rhipidura cantator, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, III.

App. p. 12.
The Chiming Wren, Tickell.

a. Assam. From McClelland’s Collection.

A. cantator. “Plumage above, clear olive-green; crown black,

CATALOGUE. 339

with a longitudinal central yellow stripe; black stripe through the
eye and a yellow one over it; throat bright yellow, extending
towards the breast; lower parts lint-white; vent yellow. Length
4in. Male.’’—(Tickell.)

“Frequents trees in the thickest parts of the jungle, and has a
loud and incessant note, like ‘ pio, pio, pio, pio.’ ’>—(Tickell.)

5381. ABRORNIS SCHISTICEPS, Hodgson.
Abrornis schisticeps, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 82. Hutton, J. A. S. Beng. XVII. pt. 2, p. 688.
Culicipeta schisticeps, Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 67, et
App. p. 153.

a. b.c.d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

A. schisticeps. Crown, occiput, and ear-coverts, greyish slate,
passing to olive-green on the shoulders, back, and rump ;. wings and
tail duksy, margined with olive-green ; the inner webs of the outer
tail-feathers white ; abdomen white; a broad streak from the front,
above each eye, the throat, breast, and vent, bright yellow; lores,
base of lower mandible, under and over the eye, black; bill and feet
horny. Length 3} in., of wing 1,%, in., tail 1} in., bill from front
25 In., to gape 55, in., and tarse ,8, in.

“A common species at 5,000 feet, and commences building in
March. A pair of these birds selected a thick China rosebush
trained against the side of the house, and had completed the nest
and laid one egg, when a rat destroyed it. I subsequently took two
other nests in May, both placed on the ground, in holes m the side
of a bank by the roadside: in form, the nest is a ball with a round
lateral entrance, and is composed externally of dried grasses and
green moss, lined with bits of wool, cotton, feathers, thread, and
hair. The eggs are three in number, and pure white; diameter
19 x = in.”—(Hutton.)

532. ABRORNIS X ANTHOSCHISTOS, Hodgs. Sp.

Phyllopneuste xanthoschistos, Hodgs.,. Gray’s Zool.
Mise. (1844), p. 82; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 65, et
App. p. 151.

Phyllopneuste schisticeps, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 592 (1845) ; XVI. p. 441.

Abrornis schisticeps, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 183. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 291.

Regulus schisticeps, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.175.

340 CATALOGUE.

a. 6. c. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
e. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

533. ABRORNIS HROCHROA, Hodgson.
Abrornis erochroa, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p- 82; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 66, et App. p. 152. Bo-
nap., C. G. Av. p. 291.
Regulus erochroa, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, 1. p. 175.
Abrornis pulchra, Hodgs., she s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p- 82 (the young).

a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

534. ABRORNIS ALBOGULARIS, Hodgson.
Abrornis albogularis, Hodgs. Moore, P. Z. 8. (1854), p

A. B. Nepal (No. 936, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

A. albogulayis. Forehead, lores, over and under the eyes to nape,
and ear-coverts, brightish ferrugmous, the crown being dusky fer-
ruginous, passing to yellowish olive-green on the back and shoulders,
the rump being yellowish; wings black, margined with the colour of
the back ; tail pale dusky greenish, edged exteriorly throughout with
yellowish green; base of lower mandible and throat white, the
feathers of the latter black at the base; breast bright yellow;
abdomen white; vent yellowish; bill horny, paler beneath; feet
pale horny; the rictorial bristles black, strong, nearly as long as
the bill. Length 33 in., of wing 1}in.; the first quill 1 in. shorter
than the second; third 4, in. longer than the first; fourth, fifth,
sixth, nearly equal, the fifth being longest ; tail 14 in.; bill to frontal
plumes 8; in., to gape ;5; in., tarsus 5 in., diate toe and claw
=; in., hind ditto 2 in., tarsus it hind claw ies
535. ABRORNIS POLIOGEN YS, Blyth Sp.

Culicipeta poliogenys, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI, p.441
(1847).
Abrornis poliogenys, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A, 8S, Beng,
p. 183. Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p
Rhipidura poliogenys, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, III,
App. p. 12.
a. b. c. d, Nepal (No. 920, Hodgs. Cat.). Presented by
B, H, Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853,

CATALOGUE. 34]

A. poliogenys. Head and nape, base of lower mandible, and ear-
coverts, dark ash-grey, the loral feathers tipped with greyish white ;
~ round the eye a clear white ring; back, rump, and shoulders, bright
olive-green; wings dusky black, margined with olive-green, the
greater coverts tipped with whitish yellow; throat greyish white ;
the rest of the under-parts clear yellow ; tail dusky on the six central
feathers, which are margined with olive-green, the three outer being
greenish dusky on the terminal half of the outer web, the basal half
with the whole of the inner web being white; upper mandible
blackish horn ; lower yellowish; feet yellowish horn. Length about
42 in., of wing 2 in., tail 13 in., bill to front 8, in., to gape 3-in., and
tarse the same.

536. ABRORNIS AFFINIS, Hodgson.
» Abrornis affinis, Hodgs., Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p.

_a. Nepal (No. 920*, Hodgs. Cat.).+ Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

This species is closely allied to A. poliogenys, but differs from it in
having the lores, base of lower mandible, lower portion of the ear-
coverts, chin and throat, the same bright yellow as the rest of the
under-parts; the feathers of the crown are pale shafted, which does
not appear in poliogenys; the tail is pale dusky, the two outer
feathers only being white on the apical portion of the inner web, the
basal portion of which is dusky; the outer web in both is pale
dusky green; the other ten are fringed with greenish on the outer
web. The wing in afinis is ¢ in. longer, but has the same markings ;
the tarsus is also longer by ~; n.: other characters agree in both
species. The bill in this and poliogenys is broader than in A. xantho-
schistos, H, .

Genus Cunicipeta, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 968 (1848).
CryproLorna, p. Swainson.
_ Ngornts, p. Hodgs.

537. CULICIPETA BURKI, Burton Sp.
Sylvia Burkii, Burton, P. Z. S. (1835), p. 158.

Culicipeta Burkii, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 968;
XIII. p. 393; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 188;

+ This is an additional species to Mr. Hodgson’s collection, to which an
asterisk has been added to distinguish it from No. 920.

342 CATALOGUE.

Ann. N. H. XII. p. 99. Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep.
p. 67. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 327. 3
Rhipidura Burku, G. &. Gray, Gen. of Birds, III. App.
p. 12. fa
Cryptolopha auricapilla, Swains., 24 Cent. p. 343 (1838).
Muscicapa bilineata, Less., Rev. Zool. (1839), p. 104.
Neornis strigiceps, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 82.
? Acanthiza arrogans, Sundev., Phys. Sellsh. Tidsk. I. 62.

A. B. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

c. d. ¢. f. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“This pretty little bird is not uncommon in the neighbourhood of
Calcutta during the cold season.’’—(Blyth.)

A considerable number of specimens have been collected in Nepal
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

Genus ReeutoiweEs, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 442 (1847).

538. REGULOIDES PROREGUL US, Pallas Sp.

Motacilla proregulus, Pall., Zoogr. 1. p. 499.
Reguloides proregulus, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 291.
Regulus proregulus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.175.
Regulus modestus, Gould, B. of Eur. t. 149.

Reguloides modestus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 184.

Phylloscopus modestus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 963; Ann. N. H. XII. p. 98. Hodgs., Cat. B.
Nep. App. p. 1852.

Regulus inornatus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 191
(abraded plumage).

Phyllopneuste reguloides, apud Hodgs., Gray's Zool.
Mise. (1844), p. 82. )

Phyllopneuste nitidus, apud Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 66.

A. Bengal (P. modestus, Bl.). Presented by the Asiatic
Society of Bengal.

b. Nepal (P. reguloides, H., No. 862 in Catal.). Pre-
sented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. :

CATALOGUE. 343

“This bird is solitary, and its song-note is nearly similar to that
of Ph. sibilatrix, but considerably weaker. Its nest is an elegant
structure, a specimen of which I procured, together with the birds
attached ; it was pendent from a twig of Gwava, and was placed at
a considerable height from the ground, being of a domed form, with
two apertures, one in front above the middle, having a distinct over-
hanging canopy, the other on one side behind, placed rather higher
up: the upper part is attached throughout its breadth to the twig.
The body of the nest is constructed of a fine and soft vegetable fibre,
like fine tow, closely interlaced to the thickness of half an inch, and
this forms the internal ling; the domed part is much less sub-
stantial, though sufficiently strong behind where the lower part is
supported. Outside are affixed a number of bits of bark, spider
cocoons, and a variety of other substances, recalling to mind the
external lining of the nest of the European Bottle-tit, which latter
nest is fully double the size, but its single orifice is scarcely so
large. There were no eggs in this nest, the outer lining of which
was not completely finished.’’—(Blyth.)

539. RHGULOIDES TROCHILOIDES, Sundevall Sp.
Acanthiza trochiloides, Sundevall.
Reguloides trochiloides, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 184.
Regulus trochiloides, G. RB. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
| p. 175.
Abrornis trochiloides, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 290.
Phyllopneuste reguloides, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI.
p.191; Ann. NW. H. XII. p. 98 (nec. Hodgs.).
Phylloscopus reguloides, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 963.
a. b. c. d. Nepal (No. 862*, Hodgs. Catal.).+ Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.
' “ This species inhabits the Himalayas, and migrates southward in
the cold season.”’—(Blyth.)

540. REGULOIDES CHLORONOTUS, Hodgs. Sp.
Abrornis chloronotus, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 82; Cat. B. of Nep., p. 66, et App. p. 152. Bo-
nap., C. G. Av. p. 291.

+ No. 862*, to distinguish it from No. 862 of Mr. Hodgson’s catalogue.

344 CATALOGUE.

Reguloides chloronotus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 184. |
Regulus chloronotus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.175.

a. b.c.d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
e. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

541. REGULOIDES CASTANEHOCEPS, Hodgs. Sp.
Abrornis castaneoceps, Hodgs., Gray's Zool. Mise.
(1844), ». 82; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 66, et App. p. 152.
Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 593.

Regulus castaneoceps, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 175, t. 49, fi 2.

a. b.c.d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.

Genus Sytvia, Lath., Ind. Orn. II. p. 506 (1790).
Curnvca, Briss., Orn. III. p. 372 (1790).

542. SYLVIA ATRICAPILLA, Linn. Sp.
Motacilla atricapilla, Linn., 8. NV. I. p. 382.
Sylvia atricapilla, Zath., Ind. Orn. II. p. 508; Gen. Hist. -
VII. p.13. G. RB. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 174;
Cat. Brit. B. in B. M. p. 53.
Curruca atricapilla, Bonap., O. G. Av. p. 294.
The Black-cap Warbler, Pennant.

A. England. Purchased.

543. SYLVIA CURRUCA, Linn. Sp.

Motacilla eurruca, Linn., S. WV. I. p. 329.

Sylvia curruca, Lath., Ind. Orn. II. p. 509; Gen. Hist.
VII. p. 82. Gould, B. of Hur. t. 125, f. 2. G. RB.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 174. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 293. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 187.

Sylvia sylviella, Lath., Ind. Orn. II. p. 515; Gen. Hist.
VII. p. 47. Sykes, P. Z. S. (1882), p. 89.

Curruca sylviella, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XIV. p. 564;
XVI. p. 439. |

Curruca garrula, Briss., Orn. III. p. 384. Jerd., Madr.
Journ. X. p. 269.

OATALOGUE. 345

The Lesser White-Throat.
Cuega, Sindh, Blyth.

a. b. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.
c. N. India. Presented by John Gould, Esq.

Mr. Blyth remarks: “I shot a pair of these birds about 100 miles
above Calcutta. JI observed many of them frequenting the baubul
Mimosa in little parties, and, as in England, keeping chiefly to the
trees, and not to low bush-covert, as is the habit of 8. cinerea.”

Subfam. IV. MOTACILLINA, Vigors.

Genus Entcurus, Temminck, Text de Pl. Col. 113 (182-).

544. EHNICURUS LESCHENAULTT, Vieillot Sp.

Turdus Leschenaultii, Vieill., N. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. XX.
p. 269; Gal. des Ois. t. 145. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, I. p. 204. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 251.

Motacilla speciosa, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 155; Zool. Res. in Java, t. Lath., Hist. VI.
p. 319.

Enicurus coronatus, Temm., Pl. Col. 113.

Leschenault’s Enicurus. 7

CHENGINGING or Kinexine, Java, Horsf

A. B. and Drawing. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Col-
lection.

“This bird is exclusively found near small rivulets: in the beds
of these, particularly where they abound with rocks and gravel, it is
seen running along with alacrity, moving its tail incessantly, and
picking up worms and insects. It is very locally distributed, and
uniformly deserts the neighbourhood of populous villages. It is
almost entirely confined to the southern coast of Java, which —
abounds in small streams, descending rapidly from the southern
hills, and shaded by luxuriant shrubs. Here I first discovered this
bird, in the district of Pajittan, in the year 1809; I afterwards met
with it again, along this coast, in the district of Karang-bollong, and
in the provinces south of Kediri. Among more central situations,
it frequents the banks of an elevated lake near the declivities of the
mountain Prahu, where I found it more numerous than in any other
part of Java. In the extensive forests of Pugar and Blambangan,

ay

April 19th, 1854.

346 CATALOGUE.

I never noticed it, although I devoted a considerable time to their
examination.”’—(Horsfield.)

545. HNICURUS FRONTALIS, Blyth.
Enicurus frontalis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 156;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 159. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 251.

a. b. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Theodore Cantor,
April, 1854.

This species is at once distinguished from 2. Leschenaulti by its
smaller size, being little more than half its size, and by its less-
developed white frontal crest, its shorter wings and tail, and by its
smaller feet.

546. ENICURUS SCHISTACEUS, Hodgson.

Enicurus schistaceus, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 189
(1836). Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 83; Catal.
B. of Nep. p.76. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 204. Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 157; Cat.
B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p.159. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 251.

The Slaty Enicurus, Gray.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
b. c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

547. HNICURUS IMMACULATUS, Hodgson.

Enicurus immaculatus, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 190.
Gray's Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 838; Cat. B. of Nep.
p. 76. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 204.
Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 157; Oat. B. Mus.
A. 8. Beng. p. 159. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 351.

The Unspotted Enicurus, Gray.

TsaM-RENG-KYA, Arracan, Blyth.

A. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.
b. From the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

548. HNICURUS MACULATUS, Vigors.
Enicurus maculatus, Vigors, P. Z. 8. (1831), p.9. Gould,
Cent. of Birds, t. 27. Hodgs., Gray's Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 83; Cat. B. of Nep. p. 76. Jameson,
Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. VII. p. 363. G. R. Gray,

CATALOGUE. 347

Gen. of Birds, I. p. 204. Blyth, J. A. S. Beng.
XVI. p. 156; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 159.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 251.

Enicurus fuliginosus, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p. 190 (the
young).

The Spotted Enicurus, Gray.

Kuvnuvn, Hills, Royle.

A. b.c.d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“This appears to be a very common Himalayan species, and
occurs rarely in Arracan.’’—(Blyth.)

Dr. Jameson remarks: “Is common ; two or three being met with
on every mountain-stream.”’

549. HNICURUS VELATUS, Temminck.

Enicurus velatus, Zemm., Pl. Col. 160. G. BR. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 204. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 251.

A. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

550. EHNICURUS SCOULERT, Vigors.

Enicurus Scouleri, Vigors, P. Z S. (1831), p. 174.
Gould, Cent. of Birds, t.28. G. RB. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, I. p. 204. Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 76.
Jameson, Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. VII. p. 368.
Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XVI. p. 157; Cat. B. Mus.
A, 8. Beng. p. 159. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 251.

Enicurus Scouleri v. heterurus, Hodgs. Gray's Zool.
Mise. (1844), p. 83.

Scouler’s Enicurus, Gray.

A. B. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

“This species is excessively rare in the Himalayas.’’—(Jameson.)
Genus Moraciiia, Linn., S. VN. (1748).

551. MOTACILLA MADEHRASPATANA, Brisson.

Motacilla maderaspatana, Briss., Orn. III. p. 478. Lath.,
Hist. VI. p..319. Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 428 ; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.187. Bonap.,

C. G. Av. p. 251. Layard, Ann. N. H. (1858),
p. 268.

348 CATALOGUE.

Motacilla maderapatensis, Gmel., S. N. L. I. p. 961.
Jerd., Madr. Journ. XI. p.10. G. R. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, I. p. 203. Gould, B. of Asia, t. 85.

Motacilla variegata, Steph. Shaw’s Gen. Zool. XIII.
p. 234. Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1832), p.91. MeClell.,
P. Z. 8. (1839), p. 101.

Motacilla picata, Frankl., P. Z. S. (1831), p. 119.

Pied Wagtail, Lath., Hist. p. 320, t. 104.

The Great Pied Wagtail, Gould.

Muamoota, Hind., Jerdon.

A. B. g. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

c.d. § 9. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

e. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

f-9. & 2. Nepal (No. 902 Hodgs. Cat.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

“ This is distributed over the whole of the Indian peninsula, with
the exception of lower Bengal, where Mr. Blyth states it is not
found, and it is also included in Mr. Layard’s ‘ List of the Birds of
Ceylon.’ Mr. Jerdon- mentions: “ Found only in beds of rivers ;”’
and Captain Boys states that it “is very nimble on its legs, and
runs with great facility, constantly jerking its tail, and, like the
other members of the genus, making occasional jumps after flies and
other insects. It is not so common as the other Indian species, and
differs much in weight, according to the season, but generally
averages between nine and ten drachms.’”’—(Gould.)

552. MOTACILLA ALBA, Linn.

Motacilla alba, Zinn., S. NV. I. p. 331. Lath., Hist. VI.
p. 315. Macgill, Hist. Brit. B. II. p. 221. Gould,
B. of Eur. t. 148. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 208; Cat. Brit. B.in B. M. p.70. Blyth, Cat.
'B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.137. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 250.

The White Wagtail, Yarrell.

a. Tangier. Presented by John Gould, Esq.

558. MOTACILLA LUZONIENSIS, Scopoli.

Motacilla luzoniensis, Scopoli. Blyth, Ann. Nat. Hist.
XIII. p. 37. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 208.

CATALOGUE. 349

Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p.75. Blyth, J. A. SB.
Beng. XVI. p. 429; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 187.

Motacilla alba, var. B, Lath., Hist. VI. p. 318.

Motacilla alboides, Hodgs., As. Res. XIX. p.191 (1836).

Motacilla leucopsis, Gould, P. Z. 8. (18387), p. 78.
Blyth, Ann. N. H. XII. p. 165.

Motacilla Hodgsoni, Blyth.

‘Kuunsvn, Beng., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. II. p. 97.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
B. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.
c.d. Assam. From J. McClelland’s Collection.

@. f. g. h. Nepal (Mf. alboides, H.). Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq.

554. MOTACILIA DUKHUNENSIS, Sykes.

Motacilla dukhunensis, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 91.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.137. Bonap.,
OC. G. Av. p. 350. .

Motacilla alba, apud Jerdon, Madr. Journ. XI. p. 10.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.

b. c. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

d. Presented by Dr. Jameson.

e. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

Genus CaLopates, Kaup, Naturl. Syst. der Hur. Thier. p. 338
(1829).

PaLLENvRA, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 250 (1850).
555. CALOBATES SULPHUREA, Bechstein Sp.

Motacilla sulphurea, Bechst., Naturg. Deutschl. III.
p. 459. G. B. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 208, et
Cat. Brit. B. in B. M. p. 72.

Calobates sulphurea, Kaup, Naturl. Syst. p. 33.

Motacilla boarula, Pennant, Brit. Zool. I. p. 492 (nec.
Iinn.). Jerd., Madr. Journ. XI. p..10. Blyth,
Journ. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 429; Cat. B. Mus. A.
S. Beng. p. 187. Hodgs., Gray's Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 83, et Cat. B. of Nep. p. 75. Hutton,

350 CATALOGUE.

J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 780. Layard, Ann. N. H.
(18538) p. 268.

Pallenura sulphurea, Bonap., O. G. Av. p. 250.

Motacilla xanthoschistos, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Misc.
(1844), p. 83. ,

Motacilla bistrigata, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p- 312.

Pallenura javensis, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 250.

The Grey Wagtail, Bewich.

Wood or Jungle Wagtail, Jerdon.

Lert1t Lert, Sumatra, Raffles.

A. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

b. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

c. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

d. e. Nepal (M. xanthoschistos, Hodgs.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

Ff. Drawing. Sumatra. (MV. bistrigata, Raffles). From
Sir T. 8. Raffles’s Collection.

g. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April, 1854.

“This European species is common throughout India and Malaisa ;
specimens from Java absolutely resembling those from England.”—
(Blyth.)

“Not uncommon at Candahar during the autumn, winter, and
spring months, but departs when the great heats of summer set in.”
—(Hutton.)

“This species is numerous on the Neilgherries, where it frequents
running streams, also enters gardens, &c. It is very abundant on
the passes leading up to the hills, hopping along the road, and flying
before a traveller, often for some distance. I have once or twice
seen it lately in woody streams in the more northern portion of the
table-land, during the cold weather only.”—(Jerdon.)

Genus Bupytes, Cuv., Reg. Anim. (1817), I. p. 371.

556. BUDYTES VIRIDIS, Gmel. Sp.

Motacilla viridis, Gmel., S. N. ZL. I. p. 962. G. BR.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, p. 208.

Budytes viridis, Jerd., Madr. Jowrn. XIII. pt. 2, p. 182.
Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 480; Cat. B. Mus.

CATALOGUE. 351

A. S. Beng. p. 188. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 250.
Layard, Ann. N. H. (1853), p. 268.
Motacilla flava, apud Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soe. XIII.
p. 156.
Budytes Beema, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 90.
Budytes neglecta et B. flava, Jerd., Madr. Journ. XI.
p. 9.
Budytes dubius v. anthoides, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 83.
Budytes fulviventer et B. schisticeps, Hodgson, id.
Motacilla flava, var. B, Lath., Hist. VI. p. 329.
Black-headed Wagtail, Lath., Hist. VI. p. 384.
Wagtail Lark, Lath., Hist. VI. p. 306 (jun. 9).
Pruxya, Hind., Jerdon. Hamilton.
Pitvo of the Mussulmen, Hamilton, MS. I. p. 19.
Bussit, Java, Horsf
A. B.c. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.
D. E. Dukhun (B. Beema, Sykes). Presented by Col.
Sykes.
F. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.
g. Java (M. flava, apud Horsf.). From Dr. Horsfield’s
Collection.
h. Assam (identical with the Java specimen). From
McClelland’s Collection. _
a. 7. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April, 1854.
k. l. Nepal (B. dubius, Hodgs.). Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq.
m.”. Drawings. From Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton’s Collection.
o. Drawing. Siam. From Finlayson’s Collection.

“The Pilkya is an extremely common bird in all parts of India
during the cold weather, remaining till April. It associates together,
occasionally in large flocks, frequenting damp spots of ground near
tanks and marshy places, but also the grain-fields and dry plains,
feeding among cattle.’’—(Jerdon.)

557. BUDYTES MELANOCEPHALA, Sykes.

Budytes melanocephala, Sykes, P. Z. 8S. (1832), p. 90.

352 CATALOGUE.

Jerdon, Madr. Journ. X\. p. 9. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 188.

A. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
6. c. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

“These are solitary birds, and are rarely found, excepting in the
beds of rivers.’”"—(Sykes.)

558. BUDYTES FLAVA, Linn. Sp.

Motacilla flava, Linn., 8. N.1. p. 331. Lath., Hist. VI.
p- 827. Gould, B. of Eur. t.146. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 203; Cat. Brit. B. in B. M.
p. 72. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. z 138.
Bonap., C. G, Av. p. 249.

Motacilla neglecta, Gould, P. Z. 8. (1832), p. 129.

The Grey-headed Wagtail, Yarrell.

a. France. Presented by John Gould, Esq.

559. BUDYTES CITREOLA, Pallas Sp.

Motacilla citreola, Pallas, [t. III. p. 696. Gmel., S. NV.
L. I. p. 962. Lath. Hist. V1. p. 330, e¢ var. A.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 2038.

Budytes citreola, Jerd., Madr. Journ. XI. p.9. Sykes,
P. Z. S. (1832), p. 90. Blyth, J. A. S. Beng.
XVI. p. 429; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 188.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 250.

Motacilla sheltobriuskha, Lepech., It. II. p. 187, ¢.8,f- 1.

Budytes calcaratus, Hodgs., As. Res. XTX. p.190 (1836) ;
Cat. B. of Nep. p. 76.

Budytes citreoloides, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 83.

Yellow-headed Wagtail, Lath.

Pitxya, Hind., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. II. p. 98.

Zurona, Cabul, Blyth.

A. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.

b. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

c. d. e. f. Nepal (B. calcaratus et citreoloides, Hodgs.).
Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

g.h. Assam. From McClelland’s Collection.

CATALOGUE. 353

“ This species is met with in most parts of India during the cold
season, but is not so abundant as the other species. I have seen
it on the banks of rivers, and also in wet paddy-fields.’’—(Jerdon.)

Genus Nemoricota, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 429 (1847).

560. NEMORICOLA INDICA, Gmel. Sp.

Motacilla indica, Gmel., S. NV. L. I. p. 962. Lath., Hist.
VI. p. 3834. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 2038.
Layard, Ann. N. H. (1853), p. 268.

Nemoricola indica, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XVI. p. 429;
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 1386. Jerd., Madr.
Journ. XIII. pt. 2, p.182. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 251.

Motacilla variegata, Vieill., Encycl. Méth. p.408. Jerd.,
Madr. Journ. XI. p. 10.

The Indian Wagtail, Lath. -

Neer Ranat, Arracan, Blyth.

Gomanrita (‘ Dung-spreader ’), Ceylon, Layard.

Ropr Ropsz, Malay, Blyth.

A. Assam. Presented by J. McClelland, Esq.
B. C. Bengal. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

“Tnhabits India generally, Arracan, Ceylon and Malacca, but
nowhere a common species; in the vicinity of Calcutta, I have
obtained it at all seasons.’”’—(Blyth.)

“In Ceylon, this elegant little bird is frequently met with in
shady places where cattle have been. They scratch among the
ordure in search of the larve of insects; hence their native name.
It is migratory.’’—(Layard.)

Genus Antuus, Bechst. Naturg. Deutschl. III. (1802).
}. Sprpota, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mam. and Birds, B. M.
p. 21 (1816).
CoryDaLLa, Vigors, Zool. Jowrn. Il. p. 397 (1825).
Pipastes et Leimonrprera, Kawp, Entw. G. Eur.
Thierw. (1829).
Agroproma, Swains., Classif. of B. II. p. 241 (1887).
; Cicuiors, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 83.
Denpronantuus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 482
(1847).
22

304 CATALOGUE.

561. ANTHUS ARBOREUS, Bechstein.

Anthus arboreus, Bechst., Natwrg. Deutschl. III. p. 706.
Temm., Man. d’ Orn. (1815), p. 153. Macgill., Hist.
Brit. B. TI. p.174. Gould, B. of Hur. t. 139. G.
Rk. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 206; Catal. Brit. B.
in B. M. p.75. Bonap., OC. G. Av. p. 248.

Pipastes arboreus, Kaup, Naturl. Ent. G. Eur. Therw. 2M
p. 33.

Alauda trivialis ? Linn., 8. N. I. p. 288.

Dendronanthus trivialis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 482; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 135.

Motacilla spipola, Pall., Zoogr. I. p. 512.

The Tree Pipit, Selby.

a. England. Presented by John Gould, Esq.

?
562. ANTHUS AGILIS, Sykes. -

Anthus agilis, Sykes, P. Z. S. (1832), p. 91.

Anthus maculatus, Hedgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 83. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 248.

Dendronanthus maculatus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 1385.

Anthus brevirostris, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 83.

Anthus arboreus, apud Jerdon, Madr. Journ. XI. p. 11.
Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 76.

Anthus trivialis, apud Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 432.

The Indian Tree-Pipit, Blyth.

Muvsaricues, Hind., Jerdon.

Morcuass£b, Beng., Hamilton.

A. Dukhun (A. agilis, Sykes). Presented. by Colonel
Sykes.

b. c. Nepal (A. maculatus, Hodgs.). Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq.

d. Bengal. From Dr. Lord’s Collection.

e. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

f. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
g. Dacca. Presented by Lieutenant R. C. Tytler.

CATALOGUE. O05

“This bird abounds in Bengal during the cold season, and, it
would seem, in suitable localities throughout the country, frequenting
groves and gardens, with a disposition to be social, if not gregarious ;
and where an extent of thin tree-jungle harbours them in con-
siderable numbers, I have noticed that towards evening, they
commonly fly to and fro over their haunts in scattered parties, now
perhaps two or three, then several, and then perchance a solitary
bird, each frequently uttering a slight chirp, and often several
descending to alight for a while near together on the same tree; this
restlessness they will continue to evince till it is getting dark, and
it would scarcely be guessed what bird it was till one had been
brought down. I never heard this species sing.’’—(Blyth.)

“Tn the south of India it is only a visitor during the cold weather,
coming in October, and remaining till April or May. Associates
generally in small flocks, frequenting beds of wooded streams, edges
of tanks, and other moist places; it is also found in grain-fields,
gardens, and groves of trees. It feeds partly on the ground, on
various insects, and also on grain, and on being disturbed flies up to
the nearest tree. It frequently, however, feeds on trees, hopping
about the upper branches like a Sylvia, and occasionally even
snapping at an insect on the wing. Mr. Elliot says: ‘Its flesh is
used by falconers as a restorative to the Bhyree (Fulco peregrinus),
and is said to be very delicate.’ ’’—(Jerdon.)

Colonel Sykes says: “ Found on open stony lands.”

563. ANTHUS RICHARDIT, Vieillot.

Anthus Richardi, Viedll., WN. Dict. d Hist. Nat. XXVI.
p.491. Vigors, Zool. Journ. I. p. 411, t. 14. Gould,
Birds of Eur. t. 135. G. &. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p. 206; Cat. Brit. B. nm B. M. p. 74. Hodgs.,
Cat. B. of Nep. p. 77. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI.
p. 433; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 135.

Corydalla Richardii, Vigors, Zool. Jowrn. (1825), p. 395.

Cichlops monticolus v. Corydalla Richardiu, Hodgs.,
Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 83.

Slender Lark, Lath., Hist. VI. p. 305.

Richard’s Pipit, Yarrell.

a. b. c. d. Nepal (C. monticolus, Hodgs.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

e. T'enasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

356 CATALOGUE.

564. ANTHUS SIMILIS, Jerdon Sp.
Agrodroma similis, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. XI. p. 35
(1840) ; 71. Ind. Orn. t. 45. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng.
XVI. p. 485; Oat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 135.
G. Rk. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 206. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 248.

a. Shikarpore. From Griffith’s Collection.
b. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

“T only once observed this large Titlark in an open stony plain ;
there were a pair of them together, and I noticed that their flight
was performed somewhat differently to that of the Titlarks in
general, there being a more frequent flapping of the wings. I found
fragments of insects in the specimens I then procured.’’—(Jerdon.)

565. ANTHUS THERMOPHILUS, Hodgson Sp.

Cichlops thermophilus, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 838.

Anthus striolatus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 485;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 186. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 248.

Anthus rufescens, apud Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 77.

The Indian Marsh-Pipit.

a. b. c. d. Nepal (A. thermophilus, Hodgs.). Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

e. Darjeeling (A. striolatus, Blyth). From Pearson’s
Collection.

J- Madras (ditto). Presented by J. Gould, Esq., from
Jerdon.

566. ANTHUS RUFULUS, Vieillot.

Anthus rufulus, Vieill. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat. XX VI. p. 494 ;
Gal. des Ois. t. 161. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 17. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 1385.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 248.

Cichlops ubiquitarius, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 83.

Anthus ubiquitarius, Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 77.

Cichlops fortipes, Hodgs., Gray's Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 83.

CATALOGUE. 357

Anthus agilis, apud Jerd., Madr. Journ. XI. p. 33.

Anthus malayensis, apud Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XI.
pp. 797, 885; XVI. p. 486.

Common Indian Pipit.

Rueatt, Hind., Jerdon.

a. b. c. d. Nepal (A. ubiquitarius, Hodgs.), @ (A. for-
tipes, Hodgs.). Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

FJ: Dacca. Presented by Captain R. C. Tytler, February,
1854.

g. Canara. From 8. N. Ward’s Collection.

h. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

“This is one of the commonest birds of Lower Bengal during the
cold season, in all open places, and a few remain throughout the
year. Habits, much as in A. pratensis, and song very insignificant,
a mere repetition of one note, as often mounting some forty or fifty
feet into the air, it descends sailing to the ground in the usual
manner of the birds of this genus. It also appears to be generally
diffused throughout India, as well as in the countries eastward of
the Bay of Bengal.””—(Blyth.)

567. ANTHUS MALAYVENSIS, Eyton.
Anthus malayensis, Hyton, P. Z. S. (1839), p. 104. G.
ht. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 206.

Alauda pratensis, apud Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 215.

The Malay Pipit.

Lancua Lancua or Hampa Porv, Sumatra, Raffles.
a. Drawing. From Sir T. 8. Rafiles’s Collection.
b. Malacca. From Griffith’s Collection.
c. d. ef: Malacca. Pesented by Dr. Cantor.

568. ANTHUS ROSHACEUS, Hodgson.

Anthus roseaceus v. rufogularis, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool.
Mise. (1844), p. 83.

Anthus cervinus, apud Hodgs., Oat. B. of Nep. p. 76.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 186. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 248. |

Anthus aquaticus, apud Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XVI.
p. 487.

358 CATALOGUE.

Anthus axillaris, Gould, ILS.
The Rufous-throated Pipit.
a. b.c. d. Nepal (A. roseaceus, Hodgs., No. 603, 734).
Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq. =
e.f- Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.
g. Olipore. From Griffith’s Collection.
h. Himalaya. Presented by John Gould, Esq.

This species may be distinguished by the throat, forepart of the
neck, chest, and eyebrows being of a uniform delicate vinous purple,
and by the axillaries being yellow.

569. ANTHUS AQUATICUS ? Bechstein.

a. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

Genus Macronyx, Swains., Nat. Hist. of Birds (1837).

570. MACRONYX CAPENSIS, Linn. Sp.
Alauda capensis, Linn., 8S. VN. I. p. 288. Lath., Ind.
Orn. I. p. 498.
Macronyx capensis, Swaims., Nat. Hist. of Birds.

A. Cape of Good Hope. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collec-
tion.

571. MACRONYX FLAVICOLLIS, Riippell.
Macronyx flavicollis, Ripp., Faun. Abyss. p. 102, ¢. 38, _
f. 2; Syst. Uebers. p. 79.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Subfam. V. ACCENTORINA, Vigors.

Genus Accentor, Bechst., Naturg. Deutschl. (1802).
Prune, Vieill., Analyse &c. (1816).

THARRHALEUS et SprrMotecus, Kaup, Entw. G. Hur.
Thierw. (1829).

572. ACCENTOR ALPINUS, Gmelin Sp.
Motacilla alpina, Gmel., S. WV. L. I. p. 957.
Accentor alpinus, Bechst., Naturg. Deutschl. 11. p. 700.
Gould, B. of Eur. t. 99. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of

Ss ee CUCU

CATALOGUE. 359

Birds, I. p. 187; Catal. Brit. B. in B. M. p. 64.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.130. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 805.

Sturnus moritanus, Gmel., S. NV. LZ. I. p. 804.

Sturnus collaris, Scop., Ann. I. p. 131, No. 192. Gmel.,
S. WV. ZL. I. p. 805. Lath., Ind. Orn. I. p. 828.

Fringilla collaris, Lath., Gen. Hist. VI. p. 65.

The Alpine Accentor, Hyton.

A. England. Presented by John Gould, Esq.

573. ACCENTOR NIPALENSIS, Hodgson.

Accentor nipalensis, Hodgs., J. A. 8. Beng. XII. p. 958
(1843); Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 838; P. Z.
S. (1845), p. 84; Cat. B. of Nepal, p.71. G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 187. Blyth, J. A. 8.
Beng. XV. p. 42; Catal. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p. 180. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 305.

Accentor cacharensis, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 34.

The Nepal Accentor, Gray.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

b. c. d. Nepal (A. nipalensis et A. cacharensis, Hodgs.).
Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

574. ACCHENTOR VARIEGATUS, Blyth.

Accentor himalayanus, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 187.

Accentor variegatus, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XII. p. 958
(1843) ; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.181. G. BR.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 187. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 305.

Accentor Alpinus, apud Vieill., Gal. des Ois. t. 156.

The Variegated Accentor.

A. b. Nepal (No. 964, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

This species differs from A. nipalensis by its smaller size, being
little larger than A. modularis, and by the markings on the throat
extending to the ear-coverts ; from thence the whole under-parts are
ferruginous, the feathers of the abdomen being broadly margined
with white, and some having dark streaks on the flanks posteriorly.
It has also a pale line over the eye.

360 CATALOGUE.

575. ACCENTOR MODULARIS, Linn. Sp.

Motacilla modularis, Zinn., S. N. I. p. 329.

Aceentor modularis, Bechst., Naturg. Deutschl. III.
p. 617. Gould, B. of Eur. t. 100. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 187; Catal. Brit. B. im B. M.
p. 65. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 181.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 305.

The Hedge Accentor, Selby.

A. England. Presented by John Gould, Esq.

576. ACCENTOR STROPHIATUS, Hodgson. |
Accentor strophiatus, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XII. .
p. 959; Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 83; P. ZS.
(1845), p. 84; Catal. B. of Nepal, p. 72. G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 187, t. 51. Blyth, Cat.
B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 181. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 305.
The Rufous-breasted Accentor, Gray.

a. b.c. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853.
e.f. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

577. ACCENTOR HUTTONI, Moore.
Accentor atrogularis,* Hutton, J. A. S. Beng. XVIII.
p. 811 (1849). Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 131. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 305.

A. 6. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

A. atrogularis. ‘ General colour above brown, the feathers cen-
tered dusky, more rufescent on the back, greyer on the nape, rump,
and upper tail-coverts; crown darker; a broad line above the
superciliary streak, with the ear-coverts and throat, dusky black,
the latter divided from the ear-coverts by a pale line proceeding
from the base of the lower mandible, and this, with the entire
supercilium and the breast, of an uniform light rufescent-sandy
hue; belly whitish, the flanks streaked with dusky; wing-coverts
slightly-tipped albescent, forming slight cross-bands; bill dusky,

* This name has been previously used by Dr. Brandt, for a species of this
genus from Siberia.

Sa Sl —™

———-

CATALOGUE. 361

yellowish towards the gape, and feet pale; irides brown. Length
6 in., of wing 22 in., tail 22 in., bill to gape =%, in., and tarse 3 in.”

578. ACCENTOR RUBECULOIDES, Hodgson.
Accentor rubeculoides, Hodgs. Moore, P. Z. 8S. (1854),
pe ‘
A. b. Nepal (No. 970, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

A. rubeculoides. Forehead, crown, nape, ear-coverts, and chin,
brown; infra-orbital feathers tipped with whitish; throat, sides of
neck, and shoulder of wings, dingy grey-brown, the feathers of the
throat blackish at base ; back and rump ferruginous, centered with
dusky ; wings dusky, margined exteriorly with ferruginous ; lesser
and greater coverts tipped with white; tail dusky, margined exte-
riorly with pale ferruginous; breast and forepart of flanks ferruginous,
the latter streaked with dusky ; belly white, tinged with ferruginous
on the flanks posteriorly, vent and margins of the under tail-coverts,
the latter centered dusky ; bill blackish; feet pale reddish. Length
6 in., of wing 3 in., tail 22 in., bill to front 4, in., to gape 2 in,
tarse 2 in.

579. ACCENTOR IMMACULATUS, Hodgson.

Accentor immaculatus v. nipalensis, Hodgs., Giray’s Zool.
Mise. (1844), p. 83; P. Z S. (1845), p. 84; Cat.
B. of Nepal, p.71, et App. p. 158. Moore, P. Z.
S. (1854), p.

Accentor mollis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 581
(1845) ; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 131. G. RB.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, III. App. p. 8. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 306.

The Unspotted Accentor, Gray.

A. b. c. d. Nepal (No. 487, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

A. imnaculatus. “Upper parts a rich brown, passing into pure
dark ash colour on the head and neck, and into maroon on the
scapularies and tertiaries, and less deeply on the hind part of the
back; coverts of the secondaries pure dark grey, those of the
primaries, with the winglet, black, as are also the primaries, these
last having their unemarginated portion externally bordered with
pale grey; tail greyish dusky; frontal feathers to above the eyes

. 3a

May 2nd, 1854.

362 CATALOGUE.

margined with white; the lores blackish; and the entire under-
parts slightly embrowned deep ash colour, as far as the vent, which
is pale and tinged with ferruginous, the under tail-coverts being
deeper ferruginous, and the hind portion of the flanks dark ferru-
ginous; bill blackish; feet pale. Length 6 in., tail 2} in., wing
32 in., bill to front 55; in., tarse 2 in. Colouring soft and delicate.”

“The species named nipalensis, strophiatus, and immaculatus, are
found in the central and northern regions of the hills only, and
chiefly in the northern. They avoid houses and cultivation. They.
breed on the ground, making a saucer-shaped nest of moss, well-
compacted. They are much on the ground, and have an ambulatory
structure of legs and feet.”—(Hodgson.)

Fam. V. PIPRID/, Vigors.
Subfam. I. PACH YCEPHALINA.

Genus PacHycePHALA, Swains., MSS. Vigors et Horsf,
Trans. Linn. Soc. XV. p. 238 (1826).

Timrxos, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 195 (1841).

580. PACHYCEPHALA PHECTORALIS, Lath. Sp.
Muscicapa pectoralis, Lath., Ind. Orn. Supp. p. 51.
Pachycephala pectoralis, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S.

Beng. p. 176. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 328.
Turdus gutturalis, Lath., Ind. Orn. Sup. p. 42; Hist. V.
p. 186. 7
Pachycephala gutturalis, Gould, Birds of Austr. II. t. 64.
G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 271.
Thunder-Bird, Colonists of New South Wales, Gould.
PE-DIL-ME-DUNG, Aborigines, W. Australia, Gould.

a.b. 8 9. Australia. From Mr. George Fradgley.

581. PACH YCEPHALA GLAUCURA, Gould.
Pachycephala glaucura, Gould, P. Z. 8. (1845), p.19;
Birds of Austr. Il. t.65. G. R. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, 1. p. 271. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 328.

CATALOGUE. | | 363

Pr-DIL-ME-DUNG, Aborigines, W. Australia, Grouwld.

a. §. Australia. From Mr. George Fradgley.

582. PACHYCEPHALA RUFIVENTRIS, Lath. Sp.

Sylvia rufiventris, Lath., Ind. Orn. Supp. p. 54; Hist.
VII. p. 141.

Pachycephala rufiventris, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 271. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 176.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 328.

Pachycephala striata, Vig. et Horsf:, Trans. Linn. Soc.
XV. p. (the female).

Pachycephala pectoralis, apud Gould, Birds of Austr. I.
t. 67.

a. g. Australia. From Mr. George Fradgley.

583. PACHYCHPHALA OLIVACEA, Vig. et Horsf.
Pachycephala olivacea, Vigors et Horsf., Trans. Linn.
Soc. XV. p. 241. Gould, Birds of Austr. II. ¢. 73.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 271. Blyth, Cat.
B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 176. Bonap. C. G. Av.
p. 829.
Timixos meruloides, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 195.

a. Drawing (Timixos meruloides, Blyth). From Edward
Blyth, Esq.

Genus Parisoma, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. p. 490 (1831).
584. PARISOMA GALINIERT, Guerin.
Parisoma Galinieri, Gwer., Rev. Zool. (1843), p. 62. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 194.
Parisoma frontale, Riippell, Syst. Uebers. p. 48, ¢. 22.

A. Abyssinia. From Sir W. Harris’s Collection.

Subfam. IJ. LEIOTHRICHINA.

Genus Lrrorurix, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. Aves, p. 490
(18381).
Furcaris, Lesson (18381).
Baniza, et Minua, et Musia, et Srva, Hodgs., Ind.
Rev. (1838).

564

CATALOGUE.

Catipyaa, et Proparuvs, et PHILACALYX, et Hemipa-
rus, Hodgs., J. A. 8. Beng. (1841), p. 29.

Lxiorurix, et Crrruiparvs, et Frinerttoparus, et
Toropvus, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. (1844), p. 935.

585. LEIOTHRIX LUTEUS, Scopoli Sp.

Sylvia lutea, Scop., Del. Flor. et Faun. Insub. II. p. 96.

Leiothrix luteus, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 552;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.99. Gould, Birds of
Asia, t.

Turnagra sinensis, G'mel., S. V. Z. I. p. 897.

Leiothrix sinensis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 269.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 832.

Parus furcatus, Zemm., Pl. Col. 287, f. 1.

Leiothrix furcatus, Swains., Faun. Bor. Amer. Aves,
p. 490.

Bahila calipyga, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. II. p. 88.

Leiothrix calipyga, Hodgs., J. A. 8. Beng. XIII. p. 984;
Cat. Birds of Nepal, p. 94.

Leiothrix calipyga v. furcatus, Hodgs., Grays Zool.
Mise. (1844), p. 84.

Calipyga furcata, Hodgs., J. A. 8S. Beng. X. p. 29.

? Chinese Finch, Lath., Hist. VI. p. 85.

Nawncte Cuvra, Doon, Shore.

The Yellow-Bellied Leiothrix.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
b.c. d.e. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
f. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

“This bird is one of the indigenous and stationary species of
Upper India, over the hilly parts of which it is generally diffused.
It is, consequently, one of the commonest birds in all our collections.
The older writers have also given China and Manilla as its habitats,
but I believe, as yet, no examples have been received from either of
those countries. It was procured by Captain Boys between Bumorie
and Burthal, and by the late Hon. F. J. Shore in the Doon, where it
would appear to be very abundant, as Mr. Shore mentions in his
‘ Notes ’ that he killed five at one shot, while engaged in picking up
worms or insects from the dry gravelly bed of a stream from which
the water had recently retired. It is there known to the natives by

CATALOGUE. ; . 865

the name of Nance Ohura, and retires to the cold regions of the hills
during the hot season. He further states that it builds in small
bushes, where the underwood is tolerably abundant, a nest composed
of grass and hair, and lays four or five eggs which are ‘ black spotted
with yellow.’ ”—(Gould.)

In Nepal “ it inhabits the central and hilly regions ; feeds equally
on grass-seeds and upon insects and their larve and pupe.’—
(Hodgson.)

586. LHEIOTHRIX ARGENTAURIS, Hodgson Sp.

Mesia argentauris, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. II. p. 88 (1838) ;
Cat. Birds of Nepal, p. 94.

Leiothrix argentauris, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 269. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 99.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 882.

Philocalyx argentauris, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. X. p. 29.

Fringilloparus argentauris, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XIII.
p. 935.

Fringilloparus (Mesia) argentauris, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool.
Mise. (1844), p. 84.

The Silver-eared Leiothrix.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
b. c. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
e. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

587. LEIOTHRIX STRIGULA, Hodgson Sp.
Siva strigula, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. (1838), p. 89; Cat.
Birds of Nepal, p. 95.
Leiothrix strigula, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 269.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.99. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 333.
Hemiparus strigula, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. X. p. 29.
Joropus strigula, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 935.
TIoropus (Siva) strigula, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 84. |
Muscicapa (Siva) strigula, Deless., Souv. Voy. dans l Inde,
Il. p. 24, ¢. 8.
Muscicapa variegata, Delessert, Mag. de Zool. (1840), p.
ates LO.
~ Garrulax feliciz, Less., Rev. Zool. (1840), p. 164.

366 CATALOGUE.

Leiothrix chrysocephala, Jameson.
The Striped-Throat Leiothrix.
A. 6. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
d. e. f. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

588. LEIOTHRIX CYANOUROPTERA, Hodgson Sp.
Siva cyanouroptera, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. (1838), p. 88;
Cat. Birds of Nepal, p. 95. |
Leiothrix cyanouroptera, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 269. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 99.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 382.
Hemiparus cyanouropterus, Hodgs., J. A. 8S. Beng. X.
p. 29.
Ioropus cyanouropterus, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XIII.
p- 937.
Ioropus (Siva) cyanouropterus, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool.
Mise. (1844), p. 84.
Leiothrix lepida, McClelland, P. Z. S. (1839), p. 162.
The Blue-winged Leiothrix.
A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
b.c. d.e. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
f and Drawing. Assam (JL. lepida, McClell.). Pre-
sented by J. McClelland, Esq.

589. LEIOTHRIX IGNITINCTA, Hodgson Sp.

Minla ignitincta, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. (1838), p. 32; Cat.
Birds of Nepal, p. 94.

Leiothrix ignitincta, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 269.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.99. Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 3338.

Proparus ignitinctus, Hodgs., J. A. 8. Beng. X. p. 29.

Certhiparus ignitinctus, Hodgs., J. A. 8. Beng. XIII.
p. 939.

Leiothrix ornata, McClelland, P. Z. 8. (1839), p. 162.

The Fire-tinted Leiothrix.

Minta, Nepal, Hodgson.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
b. c. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

_

CATALOGUE. 367

590. LEIOTHRIX CASTANICEPS, Hodgson Sp.

Minla castaniceps, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. (1838), p. 33; Cat.
Birds of Nepal, p. 94.

Leiothrix castaniceps, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 269. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 100.
Bonap., O. G. Av. p. 333.

Proparus castaniceps, Hodgs., J. A. 8. Beng. X. p. 29.

Certhiparus castaniceps, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XIII.
p. 939.

The Chestnut-headed Leiothrix.

a.b.c.d.e.f. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

591. LEIOTHRIX CINEREA, Biyth Sp.
Minla cinerea, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 449 (1847).
Leiothrix cinerea, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p.100. Moore, P. Z. 8. cutee
The Grey Leiothrix.

a. b. c. d. e. f. Nepal (No. 671, Hodgs. Catal.*). Pre-
sented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

L. cinerea. “ Allied in form and size to L. castaniceps. Colour olive-
grey above, tinged with green; beneath white, tinged on the flanks
_ with ashy, and showing some yellow along the middle of the abdo-
men; a broad yellowish-white supercilium, and over this a black one ;
the coronal feathers margined with black, and the cheeks mingled
black and white; orbital feathers subdued white; wings and tail
without markings; the tertiaries edged with grey, and the secon-
daries with very faint dull yellowish. Length 42 in., of wing 22 in.,
tail 13 in., bill to gape nearly & in., and tarse 2 in.’’—(Blyth.)

592. LHEIOTHRIX CHRYSQUS, Hodgson Sp.
Proparus (Siva) chrysceus, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Misc.
(June, 1844), p. 84.
Proparus chrysotis, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 938
(Nov. 1844). Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 448.
Leiothrix chrysotis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, III.
App. p.12. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 333.

* No. 887 of Mr. Hodgson’s Catalogue was attached to these birds, which
number was previously used for Loxia himalayana ; the above number being
unoccupied, it is retained for the present species.

368 CATALOGUE.

Siva chrysotis, Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nepal, p. 94.

Leiothrix chrysotis (chrysopterus ? seu leucotis), Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 100.

The Golden-bellied Leiothrix.

a. b. c. d. e. f. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

5938. LEIOTHRIX VINIPECTUS, Hodgson Sp.

Siva vinipectus, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. (1838), p.89; Cat.
Birds of Nepal; p. 94.

Leiothrix vinipectus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 269. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 100.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 333.

Proparus vinipectus, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XIII.

} p. 938. :

Proparus (Siva) vinipectus, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 84.

Peecila vinipecta, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 230.

The Vinous-breasted Leiothrix.

a. b. c. d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“ In all the species of Leiothrix the tongue, without being elon-
gated, is pointed, rather deeply forked, and more or less jagged on
the edges, anteally. And in all, the stomach has a good deal of
muscular power, being almost mediate between the typical Finches
and Tits. In conformity with this structure the food is Pariano-
fringillidan, consisting almost equally of insects, their nests, larve,
and pupe, and of seeds. (They explore opening buds so diligently
that they might be called. Bud-hunters. Their frontal plumes are,
in consequence, frequently aggluminated by the pollen and viscid
juices of plants and trees.) Berries are also frequently taken, but I
never found gravel in the stomach of any, save one or two specimens
of Calipyga (Z. luteus).’’—(Hodgson.)

Subfam. IIT. PARIANA.

Genus Parus, Linn. S. N. (1735).

Lornopuanes, Kaup, Entw. G. Kur. Thierw. p. 92
(1829). ,

Cyanistes, Kaup, Entw. G. Eur. Thierw. p. 99 (1829).

Peorte, Kaup, Entw. G. Eur. Thierw. p. 114 (1829).

CATALOGUE. 369

Metanocutora, Less., Rev. Zool. (1839), p. 42.
Cratatonyx, Hyton, P. Z. S. (1839), p. 104.

594. PARUS SULTANEUS, Hodgson.

Parus sultaneus, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. (1836), p. 31; Gray’s
Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 83; Cat. B. of Nepal, p. 72.
Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 948. Jardine’s
Cont. to Ornith. (1852), p. 48. G. BR. Gray, Gen.
of Birds, I. p.192. Bonap., 0. G. Av. p. 338.

Parus flavocristatus, Lafres., Mag. de Zool. (1837), ¢. 80.
Horsf, P. Z. 8. (1839), p. 162. Blyth, J. A. 8.
Beng. XI. p. 184; XII. p. 955; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 102. Strickl., P. Z. S. (1846), p. 100.
Bonap., 0. G. Av. p. 333.

Melanochlora sumatrana, Less., Rev. Zool. (1839), p. 42.

-Parus sumatranus, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 792.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 192.

Crataionyx flava et ©. ater, Hyton, P. Z. S. (1839)
p. 104.

Sultan Tit, Hodgson.

The Great Crested Titmouse, Gray.

SeRay SERay, Malacca, Hyton.

A. B. g 2, and Drawings. Assam. From McClelland’s
Collection.

c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

d. §. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.

e. f. & %. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April,
1854.

g. &. Drawing. From Edward Blyth, Esq.

This bird inhabits “ Nepal, Sikim, Bootan, Assam, and Sumatra.”

Mr. Hodgson states “it is found in the central and northern
regions of the hills, passing into the southern in winter. Manners
and habits typical. Explore foliage, feeding upon the softer arboreal
insects, perfect and imperfect. Exceedingly fond of caterpillars.
Occasionally take pulpy berries.”

595. PARUS MONTICOLUS, Vigors.

Parus monticolus, Vigors, P. Z. 8. (1831), p.22. Gould,
- Cent. of Birds, t.29,f.2. Frankl., P. Z. 8. (1831),
3b :

370 CATALOGUE.

p.119. Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 83;
Cat. B. of Nepal, p. 72. G. R. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, I. p.192. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p.103. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 229. Blyth, Jard.
Contr. to Orn. (1852), p. 49.

The Mountain Titmouse, Gray.

a, b. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
d. é. f. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

596. PARUS CINEREUS, Vieillot.

Parus cinereus, Vieill. (Levaillant, Ois. d’ Afr. t. 139,
f-1.) Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 466; Cat. B.
Mus. A. S. Beng. p.103. Jard., Contr. to Orn.
(1852), p. 49. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 229. Layard,
Ann. NN. H. (1853), p. 267.

Parus atriceps, Horsf, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII. p. 160
(1821). Lath., Hist. VII. p. 257. Temm., Pl. Col.
287, f 2. Sykes, P. Z. 8. (1832), p.92. MeClell.,
P. Z. S. (1839), p. 162. Jerdon, Madr. Journ. XI.
p.7. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 192. Blyth,
J. A. 8, Beng. XIII. p. 943.

Parus nipalensis, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. (1838), p.31; Cat.
B. of Nep. p. 72. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XI.
p. 459; XII. p. 182.

Parus schistinotus, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p- 838. 7

Parus major, var. B., Lath., Hist. VII. p. 247.

The Grey Titmouse.

Rameaunera, Beng., Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. IL.
p. 118.

GLATE-WIneKo, Java, Horsfield.

A. b. Java (P. atriceps, Horsf.). From Dr. Horsfield’s
Collection.

c.d. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

e. f. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

G. and Drawing. Assam. From McClelland’s Collection.

“ In Northern India this bird inhabits bamboo groves. It forms

CATALOGUE. 371

its nest in hollow trees, and lives on insects.’”’—(Dr. F. (B.) Hamil-
ton, MS.)

“ In Southern India,” remarks Mr. Jerdon, “I have only seen
this bird on the Neilgherries, where it is common in the woods,
associating in small families, and feeding on various insects and
seeds, to obtain which it occasionally resorts to the gardens. I
have seen it once or twice only along the range of Northern
Ghauts, but it probably is to be found all along the range of
Western Ghauts.” .

597. PARUS XANTHOGEN YS, Vigors.

Parus xanthogenys, Vigors, P. Z. 8. (18381), p. 28.
Gould, Cent. of Birds, t. 29, f.1. Sykes, P. ZS.
(1832), p.92. Jerdon, Madr. Journ. XI. p.7. G4.
RR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 192. Hodgs., Gray’s
Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 83; Cat. Birds of Nepal,
p: 72. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 108.
Jard., Contr. to Orn. (1852), p. 50, % fi 1. Hut-
ton, J. A. S. Beng. XVII. pt. 2, p. 960. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 228.

Parus aplonotus, Blyth, J. A.8. Beng. XVI. p. 444 (1847).

The Yellow-cheeked Titmouse, Gray.

A. N. W. Himalaya. From Reeves’s Collection.

b. c. Nepal (No. 397, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“ Common in the Hills throughout the year. It breeds in April,
in which month a nest containing four partly-fledged young ones
was found at five thousand feet elevation; it was constructed of
moss, hair, and feathers, and placed at the bottom of a deep hole in
a stump at the foot of an oak-tree. The colour of the eggs was not
ascertained.”’—(Hutton.)

598. PARUS SPILINOTUS, Blyth.
Parus xanthogenys, apud Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 445.
Parus spilinotus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVIII. p.
(1849) ; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.103. Jard.,

Contr. to Orn. (1852), p. 49, t. f. 2. Bonap., 0. G.
Av. p. 228.

The Black-spotted Yellow-cheeked Titmouse.

372 CATALOGUE.

a. b. c. d. Nepal (No. 397*, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

599. PARUS MELANOLOPHUS, Vigors.
Parus melanolophus, Vigors, P. Z. 8. (1881), p. 22.
Gould, Cent. of Birds, t. 30, f.2. Jerdon, Madr.
Journ. XI. p. 8. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 192. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 446; Cat.
B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p.104. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 228. Blyth, Jard. Contr. to Ormnith. (1852),
p. 50, t. fi 2.
The Black-crested Titmouse.
a. b. Cabul. From Griffith’s Collection.
“ This species inhabits the N. W. Himalaya, as about Simla and
Masuri.”—(Blyth.)

600. PARUS RUBIDIVENTEIS, Blyth.

Parus rubidiventris, Blyth, J..A. 8S. Beng. XVI. p. 445
(1847); Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 104. G. RB.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, III. App. p.9. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 228. Blyth, Jard. Contr. to Ornith, (1852),
p. 50, #. fi 1. )

Parus melanolophus, apud Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 83; Cat. B. of Nepal, p. 73.

The Lesser Black-crested Titmouse.

a. (No. 846), 6. c. (No. 952, Hodgs. Catal.). Nepal.
Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., Sept., 1853.

601. PARUS DICHROUS, Hodgson.

Parus dichrous, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 83;
J. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 948; Ann. N. H. XV.
p. 3826; Cat. Birds of Nepal, p.73. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p.192. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A.
S. Beng. p.104. Jard., Contr. to Ornith. (1852),
p- 51. Bonap., OC. G. Av. p. 229.

The Gray-backed Titmouse, Gray.

a. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

602. PARUS C@HRULEUS, Linn.
Parus coeruleus, Linn., S. NV. 1. p. 341. Lath., Ind. Orn.
II. p. 566; Gen. Hist. VII. p. 247. Eyton, Cat. Brit.

CATALOGUE. 373

Birds, p.17. Macgill., Hist. Brit. B. II. p. 481.
Gould, Birds of Hur. t. 154. G. R. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, I. p.192; Cat. Brit. Birds in B. M. p. 66.
Cyanistes ceruleus, Kaup, Ent. G. Eur. Thierw. p. 99.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 229. )
The Blue Titmouse, Bewich.

a. Formosa. Presented by John Gould, Esq.
603. PARUS ATER, Linn.

Parus ater, Linn. S. N. I. p. 341. Lath., Ind. Orn, TI.
p. 564; Gen. Hist. VII. p. 250. Eyton, Cat. Brit. B.
p. 17. Macgill., Hist. Brit. Birds, II. p. 440.
Gould, Birds of Eur. ¢.155, fil. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p.192; Cat. Brit. Birds in B. M.
p. 67. Bonap., 0. G. Av. p. 229.

Peecile ater, Kaup, Entw. G. Hur. Thierw. p. 114.

The Cole Titmouse, Bewick.

a. 9. Formosa. Presented by John Gould, Esq.

Genus Sytviparvus, Burton, P. Z. S. (1835), p. 1538.
604. SYLVIPARUS MODESTUS, Burion.

Sylviparus modestus, Burton. P. Z. S. (1835), p. 154.
Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIII. p. 942; XVI. p. 446;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 104. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 333. Blyth, Jard. Contr. to Ornith. (1852),
p. Sl.

Parus sericophrys, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844)
p. 838; J. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 942; Ann. Nat.
Hist. XV. p. 326; Cat. Birds of Nepal, p. 73; G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 192. |

The Yellow-browed Titmouse, Gray.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
b. c.d.e. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

Genus OrnitEs, Mahring, Gen. Av. p. 45 (1752).

Merctistura, Leach, Syst. Cat. Birds, B. M. p.17 (1816).
AcrEpuLA, Koch, Baier, Zool. (1816).
605. ORITHS CAUDATA, Linn. Sp.

Parus caudatus, Linn., S. NW. I. p. 342.

‘B74 CATALOGUE.

Orites caudata, Mehring, Syst. Av. p. 45.

Acredula caudata, Koch, Baier, Zool. I. p. 200.

Mecistura vagans, Leach, Syst. Cat. Birds Brit. Mus.
p- 17. =

The Long-tailed Titmouse, Bewich.

A. Europe. Presented by John Gould, Esq.

606. ORITES ERYTHROCEPHALUS, Vigors Sp.

Parus erythrocephalus, Vigors, P. Z. 8. (1831), p. 22.
Gould, Cent. of Birds, t. 30, f.1. Hodgs., Cat. B.
of Nepal, p. 73. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p-.192. Hutton, J. A. 8S. Beng. XVII. pt. 2, p. 689.

Orites erythrocephalus, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIII.
p. 943; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 104; Jard.
Contr. to Ornith. (1852), p. 51.

Peecila erythrocephala, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 230.

The Red-headed Titmouse, Gray.

A. B. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c.d.e. f. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

“ Common at Mussooree and in the Hills generally throughout
the year. It breeds in April and May. The situation chosen is
various, as one taken in the former month at Mussooree, at seven
thousand feet elevation, was placed on the side of a bank among
overhanging coarse grass, while another, taken in the latter month,
at five thousand feet, was built among some ivy twining round a tree,
and at least fourteen feet from the ground. The nest is in shape a
round ball with a small lateral entrance, and is composed of green
mosses, warmly lined with feathers. The eggs are five in number,
white with a pinkish tinge, and sparingly sprinkled with lilac spots
or specks, and having a well-defined lilac ring at the larger end.
Diameter 58, in. x 56; in.””—(Hutton.)

607. ORITES LEUCOGEN YS, Moore.
Orites leucogenys, Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p.
A.b.c. Afghanistan. From W. Griffith’s Collection.

O. leucogenys. Colour above grey, tinged with pinkish on the
rump ; before the eye, and a broad streak over it, black, passing to
mixed black and grey on the nape; the centre of the head dusky
reddish-isabelline ; base of lower mandible, below the eyes, ear-

CATALOGUE. 375

coverts, and sides of the neck white; chin and throat jet-black ;
abdomen pale pinkish-isabelline ; wings dusky, and having an isabel-
line tinge ; the winglet and coverts of the primaries black, the
primaries and secondaries fringed externally with grey; axille
white; tail dusky, tinged with isabelline, the outer feathers gra-
duated and obliquely tipped externally with white; the centre
feathers margined with grey. Bill black; feet yellowish-brown.
Length 44in., of wing 21 in., tail 21in., the three outer feathers
graduated, the middle pair ;2,in. shorter than the next; bill to
frontal plumes 2 in., to gape 53, in.; height from chin to front ;2, in.

This species is allied to P. jouschistos, Hodgs., from which it may
at once be distinguished by its broad, thick, and higher bill, by its
white cheeks and ear-coverts, and by its black chin and throat; and
from P. erythrocephalus, Vigors, by its larger size, by the absence of
the white superciliary streak, white chin, and black ear-coverts.

“ Found in pairs, in the woods above Balu Chughur, at four
thousand feet elevation. Irides straw-colour.” — (Griffith, MS.
Notes.)

608. ORITES (?) JOUSCHISTOS, Hodgson Sp.

Parus jouschistos, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 83; J. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 948; Ann. Nat.
Hist. XV. p. 326; Cat. Birds of Nepal, p. 73. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 192. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 104. Jard., Contr. to Ornith.
(1852), p. 51.

Peecila jouschistos, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 230.

The Rufous-fronted Titmouse, Gray.

a. b. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

The following genus, which was enumerated in p. 169 of this
CATALOGUE, is believed to be better placed at the end of the present
sub-family.

Genus Fatouncutus, Vieill., Analyse, p. 40 (1816).

FALCUNCULUS LEUCOGASTER, Gould.
Falcunculus leucogaster, Gould, P. Z. S. (1837), p. 144.

a. b, Australia, From Mr. George Fradgley.

376 CATALOGUE.

Subfam. TV. PARADOXORNINA.
Genus Parapoxornis, Gould, P. Z. S. (1836), p. 17.

Batuyruyncuvs, McOClell., Ind. Rev. II. p. 518 (1888).
Herrromorpna, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 448
(1843).

609. PARADOXORNIS FLA VIROSTRIS, Gould.

Paradoxornis flavirostris, Gould, P. Z. 8. (1836), p. 173
Mag. Zool. and Bot. I. p. 62; Icones Avium, p. t. 6.
McClell. (Horsf:), P. Z. 8. (1839), p. 164. G. BR.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, II. p. 389. Blyth, J. A. 8.
Beng. XIV. p. 578. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 500.
Gould, Birds of Asia, t.

Bathyrhynchus brevirostris, McClell., Ind. Rev. (1838),
p- 513 (with a figure).
A. and Drawing. Assam. From McClelland’s Collection.
b. Nepal (No. 842, Hodgs. Catal.).* Presented by B.
H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

This bird inhabits the Eastern Himalayas, and the mountains of
Assam and Nepal.

610. PARADOXORNIS UNICOLOR, Hodgson Sp.
Heteromorpha unicolor, Hodgs., J. A. 8. Beng. (1843),
p. 448 (with a figure); Gray's Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 84. Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 578.
Paradoxornis unicolor, Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nepal,
p-11l. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, III., App.
p. 18. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 500. Gould, Birds of
Asia, t.
A. Nepal (No. 843, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

“ Inhabits the Cachar of Nepal, dwells in thick brushwood; fre-
quently alights on the ground, but seems to feed aloft on bugs and
other hard insects; in small flocks; not noisy.’”-—(Hodgson.)

* No. 885 was attached to this bird, which number, being previously occupied,
this species is transferred to No. 842,

CATALOGUE. 377

611. PARADOXORNIS RUFICEPS, Blyth.
Paradoxornis ruficeps, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XJ. p.177
(1842) ; XII. p. 1010 (with a figure). Tickell, J.
A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 446. G. R. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, II. p. 389, ¢.94, fi1. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 500. Gould, Burds of Asia, t.
Heteromorpha ruficeps, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIV.
p- 578 ; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 102.
A. B. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

c. Nepal (No. 972 Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853,

“ Inhabits the mountains of Bootan, Arracan”’ (and Nepal).—
(Blyth.)

Captain Tickell remarks: “ I have killed several specimens of this
bird, and watched it in its wild state at Geeng, near Darjeeling ; and
I cannot agree in opinion with those who would class its group among
the Crateropodines. This bird is a great devourer of grain (maize,
rice, and buckwheat, which last is common about Nepal). It perches
on the tops of high trees, as well as bushes, when off its feed; and
in fact shows nothing in its manners of the thicket-loving, skulking,
habits of the Crateropodines.”’

612. PARADOXORNIS GULARIS, Horsfield.

Paradoxornis gularis, Horsf, MSS. G. R. Gray, Cen.
of Birds, 11. p. 889, ¢. 94, f. 2 (1845). Bonap., C.
G. Av. p. 500. Gould, Birds of Asia, t.

Paradoxornis caniceps, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XVIII.
p. 810 (1849)..-

Heteromorpha (? Paradoxornis) caniceps, Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 102.

A. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.

The following genus, having a nearer affinity to Paradoxornis
and Suthora, than to Crateropus (vide p. 214), close to which it
had previously been placed in this Catanogusz, is now transferred
to the present subfamily.

Genus Conostoma, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. X. p. 856 (1841).
CONOSTOMA GMODIUM, Hodgson.
Conostoma cemodium, Hodgs., J. A. 8. Beng. X. p. 857, €.

A. B. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
3 .C

378 CATALOGUE.

Genus Sutnora, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. II. p. 82 (1838).

Temnoris, Hodgs., J. A. 8. Beng. X. p. 29 (1841);
XII. p. 449; P. Z. &. (1845), p. 81.

Hemiruynouvs, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 81.

Cuxevasicus, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XIV. p.578 (1845).

613. SUTHORA NIPALENSIS, Hodgson.

Suthora nipalensis, Hodgs., Ind. Rev. II. p. 32; Cat. B.
of Nep. p. 73. G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p.193. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 579; Cat.
B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 102. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 334. Gould, Birds of Asia, t. (upper figure).

Temnoris nipalensis, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 450.

Temnoris (Suthora) atrifrons, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise.
(1844), p. 83.

Temnoris atrifrons, Hodgs., P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 31.

Surnora, Nepal, Hodgson.

The Nepal Suthora, Gray.

A. b. Nepal (No. 470, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

S. nipalensis. “ Crown of the head and back of the neck brownish
grey ; ear-coverts and sides of the neck grey; face and superciliary
stripes white, bounded above by a broad black line; chin transversely
barred with black and rusty-red; upper and under surface rusty-red,
fading into white on the centre of the abdomen; wings dark brown,
the first two or three quills edged with white, the next two or three
edged at the base with rufous, and the remainder edged throughout
their entire length with the same colour, but of a deeper hue; tail
dark brown, edged externally with rufous; bill black, bluish at the
base ; legs fleshy white.”’

Length 42in., of wing 111in., tail 21in., bill 2in., tarse 2in,,
central toe and nail } in., hind ditto in. Weight $ oz.

Mr. Hodgson remarks: “ Sexes alike. Inhabits the central and
northern regions of Nepal ;” and adds: “ Observed in the Cachar in
small flocks; frequenting brushwood and tall grass; manners and
food of Parus.”’

614. SUTHORA FULVIFRONS, Hodgson.

Temnoris (Suthora) fulvifrons, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool.
Misc. (1844), p. 838.

CATALOGUE. 379

Suthora fulvifrons, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 579;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 102. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 834. Gould, Birds of Asia, t. 61.

~ Temnoris fulyifrons, Hodgs., P. Z. S. (1845), p. 31.

Temnoris nipalensis, apud Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XII.
(figure to p. 450).

Suthora nipalensis, apud Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep. p. 73.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 193.

The Fulvous-fronted Suthora.

A. Nepal (No. 684, 888, Hodgs. Cat.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

S. fulvifrons. “ Upper parts light rufescent brown, inclining to
fulvous on the forehead, throat, and breast, with a broad pale-
dusky streak along each sinciput; secondaries and base of caudals
broadly margined with bright chestnut fulvous ; the belly and flanks
albescent greyish; bill pale, dusky along the ridge of the upper
mandible ; legs light brown.”

Length 5 in., of wing 22 in., tail 24 in., its outermost feathers 14 in.
less, bill to forehead + in., and tarse $ in.

615. SUTHORA POLIOTIS, Blyth.

Suthora poliotis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XX. p. 522
(1851).

Suthora nipalensis, apud Could, Birds of Asia, t. (the
two lower figures only).

A. B. c. d. Nepal (No. 918, Hodgs. Catal.*). Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

S. poliotis. “ Crown bright fulvous, passing to duller fulvous on
the back; front and a broad streak over the eyes to the nape coal-
black ; lores and sides of face, with the plumes growing from the
base of the lower mandible, pure white; ear-coverts and a spot
behind the eye below the black streak, bright fulvous; below the
ear-coverts and sides of the neck pure ash; paler on the breast, and
passing to white on the abdomen ; chin and throat black with whitish

* This has been given as a distinct species by Mr. Hodgson, and to which he
has affixed the above number in his Catalogue.

380 CATALOGUE.

margins ; wings and tail coloured as in S. nipalensis, but of much
brighter hues.”’

Length 42 in., of wing 2 in., tail 2} in., bill 3 in., and tarse in.

The following are the descriptions of the other known species of this interesting
genus,

SUTHORA WEBBIANA, G. R. Gray.

Suthora webbiana, @. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds P. Z. 8. (1852), p. 70.
Gould, Burds of Asia, t. 62.

Has. Shanghai (China). In British Museum Collection.

S. webbiana. ‘Crown of the head and back of the neck sandy red, passing into
the olive tint of the back and upper surface generally ; tail of the same colour, but
of a shade darker than the back ; primaries strongly edged with bright rufous ;
throat and breast light buff, washed with a rosy tint ; abdomen inclined to olive; —
bill light brown, washed with rosy pink ; legs fleshy white.”

Length about 5} in., of wing 23 in., tail 23in., bill } in., and tarse 2 in.

SUTHORA RUFICEPS, Biyth.

Chleuasicus ruficeps, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 578.

Suthora ruficeps, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 102. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 334.

Has. Sikim. In Mus. As. Soc. Bengal.

S. ruficeps. ‘* Head and neck bright ferruginous ; the rest of the upper parts
olive brown, more or ick inclining to ferruginous, especially towards the shoulder
of the wing ; the entire under parts white ; bill whitish horn colour ; legs greenish-
plumbeous.”

Length 53 in., of wing 22 in., tail 2$in., bill to forehead 2 in., and tarse Z in.

“‘'The bill in this species is rather larger and decidedly broader than in the
typical species of Suthora, and the outline of which (as seen laterally) is still more
tumid and anomalous-looking. The legs, with the toes and claws, are thicker
and stouter than in the other species.”—(Blyth.)

APPENDIX No. I.

Additional Species, received in the Museum during the printing
of the Catalogue.

Genus Srizartus, Vieill. (p. 32).

616. SPIZAETUS NIPALENSIS, Hodgson, Sp.
: Nisaétus nipalensis, Crested var., Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng.
V. p. 229 (1886); VI. p. 861; Beng. Sport. Mag.
(1836), p. 33.
Spizaétus nipalensis, Hodgs., Cat. B. of Nep., p. 41.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 24.
Nisaétus pulchrior, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 81.
Nisaétus pulcher, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XII. p. 805.
Falco orientalis, Zemm. et Schleg., Faun. Japon. t. 3?
Falco lanceolatus, Zemm. et Schleg., Faun. Jap. p. 7 ?

a. Nepal (No. 786, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

Genus Neopus, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 81.

Hererorpvus, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 881 (1842).
Ictinattus, Jerdon (nec. Kaup), Madr. Journ. XIII.
pt. 2, p. 117 (1844).

617. NEOPUS MALAYENSIS, Reinwardt Sp.

Falco malayensis, Reinw., Temm. Pl. Col. 117.
Aquila malayensis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 14;

382 CATALOGUE.

Catal. Birds B. M. I. p.18. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 14.

Aquila malayana, Less., Tv. d’Orn. p. 39.

Ictinaétus malayensis, Jerd., Madr. Jowrn. XIII. pt. 2,
p.117. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 218.

Onichaétus malayensis, Kaup, Class. der Seeug. und Voeg.
(1844), p. 120.

Neopus malayensis, Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 42.

Aquila pernigra, Hodgs., J. A. S. Beng. V. p.227 (1836) ;
Beng. Sport. Mag. (1836), p. 32.

Neopus perniger, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844),
eG,

Nisaétus ovivorus, Jerd., Madr. Journ. XIII. pt. 1,
p. 158 (1844).

Reinwardt’s Black Eagle.

a. Nepal (Neopus perniger, Hodgs.). Presented by B.
H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

‘This is a shy bird, which adheres exclusively to the wild and
mountainous tracts of the Hills. Its body is entirely free from
offensive odour and vermin, and its prey chiefly the pheasants of
the region it frequents, as well as their eggs. Its weight is about
42 |bs.’’—(Hodgson.)

“ This bird hunts about the edges of the hills more generally than
on the higher parts of the table-land, and most frequently over bushy
ground, though I have also seen it over forest, both on the tops of
the hills, and halfway down the Coonoor Ghaut. It sails slowly
along with very little motion of its wings, usually very close to the
ground, hunting tolerably regularly, not unlike the Harriers, and
like them hardly ever alights except for the purpose of feeding.
In three specimens I have examined, I found that eggs and nest-
lings had formed its only food. Among these I recognized the eggs
of the Hill-Quail (Cotwrnix erythrorhyncha), of the Malacocercus
Somervillei, and of some doves (Tutur tigrina and T. cambayensis),
besides others I did not know, and several nestlings. I have seen
it since I procured my specimens alight for a few seconds on a
large bush over which it had been circling for some time, and appa-
rently devour something. I found in this bush a dove’s nest empty,
which it had evidently robbed. This eagle thus appears to be
a robber of bird’s nests, and as doves, as well as some other birds,

CATALOGUE. 383

breed throughout the whole year, it can probably sustain itself
mostly on its favourite food, though it doubtless occasionally de-
stroys young, feeble, or sickly birds, and perhaps reptiles.’ —
(Jerdon.)

Subfam. BUTEONIN A.

Genus ARrcuIBUTEO, Brehm., Isis (1828), p. 1269.

Triorcuis, Kaup, Naturl. Syst. der Eur. Thierw. p. 84
(1829),

Buragrtes, Less., Tr. d’ Orn. p. 83 (1831).

Buraguita, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 81.

HemiEtus, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 81.

618. ARCHIBUTHO HEMIPTILOPUS, Blyth.
Archibuteo hemiptilopus, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XV.
p. 1 (1846); Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 28. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 12. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 18.
_ Archibuteo cryptogenys, Hodgs., Cale. Journ. (1847),
p- 96.

A. Tibet (No. 935, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by B.
H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

Fam. MEROPIDA.

Genus Nycriornis, Swains. (p. 89).

619. NYCTIORNIS AMICTA, Temminck Sp.

Merops amictus, Zemm., Pl. Col. 310.

Nyctiornis amicta, Swains., Zool. Ill. 2nd ser. ¢. 56. G.
R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 87; Cat. B. Brit.
Mus. Il. p.'72. Gould, Birds of Asia, t. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 164.

Alcemerops amicta, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 52.

The Red-throated Nyctiornis, Gould.

Kay Cuua, Malay, Eyton.

A. Malacca. Presented by John Gould, Esq., December,

1853.
b. c. d. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April, 1854.

384 CATALOGUE.

Fam. HIRUNDINIDA.
Subfam. HIRUNDININA.

Genus Hrrunpo, Linn. (p. 91).

620. HIRUNDO DOMICOLA, Jerdon.
Hirundo domicola, Jerd., Madr. Journ. XIII. p. 173
(1844). Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 198.
Hirundo javanica, apud Shaw, Zool. X. p.101. Lath.,
Hist. VII. p. 300.
Bungalow Swallow, of Residents in the Neilgherries,
Jerdon.

A. B.c. d e f- Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor,
April, 1854.

“ This curiously-plumaged little swallow is by no means rare on
the Neilgherries, and builds in retired or deserted bungalows, out-
houses, &c., making a small mud nest, quite open at the top, and
profusely lined with feathers.’””—(Jerdon.)

Genus Deticnon, (Hodgs.) Moore, P. Z, S. (1854), p.

621. DELICHON NIPALENSIS, Hodgson.*
Delichon nipalensis, (Hodgs.) Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p.
The Nepal Martin.

A. B. Nepal (No. 963, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by B.
H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

Gen. char. Bill short, thick, robust; gape rather wide; the
culmen rounded ; the nostrils basal, lateral, rounded; wings rather
long, with the first quill the longest; tail short and emarginated, or
nearly even at the end; tarsi longer than the middle toe, and clothed
with plumes; toes long, and clothed with plumes, the inner shorter
than the outer; the claws moderate and curved.

Spec. char. Top of the head, chin, cheeks, ear-coverts, nape, back,

* In the Leyden Museum there is a bird from Borneo allied to but distinct
from this, to which M. Temminck has applied the name of Hirundo dasypus, and
which is placed in Bonaparte’s “‘ Consp. Gen. Av.” p. 343, under the genus
Chelidon, with the following remarks: ‘‘ Media quasi inter Cotyles et Chelidonem,
cujus autem altera species ; pedibus dense plumosis : minor ; cauda multo breviore,
minus emarginata : coloribus similibus, subtus autem sordidior, collari adumbrato.”

CATALOGUE. 385

upper and under tail-coverts, fine glossy black; wings black, paler
beneath, the upper coverts margined with glossy black, the lower
wing-coverts dusky black ; tail black, fringed externally with glossy
_ black; a band of white across the rump; throat, breast, abdomen,
hind parts of flanks, and vent, pure white; fore part of flanks black ;
tarsi and toes covered with white plumes; claws pale fleshy; bill
black. Length from the tip of the bill to the end of the tail 33 in.,
of wing 33 in., of tail 13 in., bill to front 8; in., to gape 4, in.; height
from chin to fon 2 in; sive at front sf 35 in.; tarse 4, in.; middle
toe and claw ~% ae ; ee ditto {4 in.

This interesting bird differs from the type of the genus Chelidon
by its smaller and more robust bill, and by its short and nearly even
tail, the wings also being shorter; from Cofyle it is at once digs
tinguished by its plumed feet.

Genus CuHELIDON, Bote, Isis (1822), p. 550.

622. CHELIDON URBICA, Linn. Sp.
Hirundo urbica, Linn., 8. NW. I. p. 344. Lath., Hist.

VII. p. 283. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. dl.

Chelidon urbica, Bote, Isis (1822), p.550. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. =; Cat. B. Brit. Mus. pt. 2,
p. 31. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 348.

Hirundo lagopoda, Pallas, Zoogr., I. p. 582.

Chelidon rupestris et C. fenestrarum, Brehm., Vag.
Deutschl. I. p. 140.

The Common Martin, Lath.
Has. Europe, N. Asia, Africa ; rare in 8. India.
a. England. Presented by John Gould, Esq.

Subfam. CYPSELINA.
Genus CypseLus, Llliger (p. 106).

623. CYPSELUS VITTATUS, Jardine et Selby.

Cypselus vittatus, Jard. et Selby, Ill. Orn. 2nd ser. t. 39.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p.54. Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 85. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 65.

Cypselus australis, apud Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 886.

A. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April, 1854.
3d

386 CATALOGUE.

624. CYPSELUS SUBFURCATUS, Blyth.
Cypselus subfurcatus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVIII.
p. 807 (1849); Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 85.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 65.
Cypselus aflinis, apud Strickland, P. Z. 8. (1846), p. 99.

A. B. c.d. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April, 1854.

“The nidification of this bird is remarkably different from Oypselus
affinis ; several pairs inhabiting a continuous common nest, which is
affixed to an eave in the manner of that of Hirundo urbica, or of
Cyp. affinis ; the latter species, however (so far as we have observed),
so placing its nest as to be concealed, or at least rendered incon-
spicuous by a rafter or other object in front. According to the
following account by Colonel Low, ‘a colony of C. subfurcatus
inhabited the verandah of a house in the island of Pinang. They
began with a pair, and now compose a harmonious family of about
sixteen or eighteen. The nests are fastened to the beam much in
the same way as the nest of the swallow, but their nidificatory habits
differ from those of the latter birds by their running two, three, or
more nests into one. There were about six or eight birds in the
specimen of a nest herewith sent, which had three apertures. They
seem to keep a regular watch at night, for, on the least noise, the
sentinel pipes a little, and is then followed by all the rest. They
lay two eggs; and are not migratory,—at least, my friends are not—
for they have been domiciled upwards of a year where they are now.”
“The nest above noticed is a beautiful fabric in its way, remarkably
light and compact, being composed of feathers and other light sub-
stances firmly bound together by a good deal of the saliva-like
gluten, several shed primaries and other feathers of the birds them-
selves, doubtless cast within the nest, are thus fastened in to add to
the lining. The only aperture visible, now that the nest has been
cut away from its place of attachment, is a somewhat prolonged
entrance at one extremity; and there appear to be but two depres-
sions adapted for the reception of eggs, which renders it probable
that several of its inhabitants were the young of a former brood, or
perhaps broods. The total length of the interior is 12in. by nearly
5 in., where broadest, and this capacity would indicate that it is
intended as much for a habitation for a number of the birds, as for
the ordinary purpose of incubation. Procuring some nests of Oyp.
affinis for comparison, the size of these also indicates the fact that
they are similarly inhabited, but it would appear that there is no

CATALOGUE. 387

convenience in them for more than one pair of birds to incubate.
They consist of a much thicker and heavier mass of material than
the nest of C. subfurcatus; but where two are built in contact, the
wall of separation is thin, though we suspect it will be always found
intact and completely separated. During the night, OC. affnis is
equally vigilant with its Malayan representative. The latter would
appear to be the common house Swift of the Malayan peninsula,
taking the place of C. affinis of India; while C. vittatus would seem
to be exclusively a mountain species, which is common at Pinang,
and which has been obtained by Captain Hutton from the Tyne
range of mountains near Simla, and ©. leuconya may be the repre-
sentative of the last on the mountains of S. India.’”’—(Blyth.)

Genus AcanTuyYLis, Bode (p. 111).

625. ACANTHYLIS GIGANTEUS, Temminck Sp.
3 Cypselus giganteus, Zemm., Pl. Col. 364.
Acanthylis giganteus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 55. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 64.
Cheetura gigantea, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 885.
Acanthylis caudacuta, apud Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 84.

_ A. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April, 1854.

Fam. CAPRIMULGID.

_ Genus Batracnostomvs, Gould (p. 112).

626. BATRACHOSTOMUS AURITUS, Vigors Sp.

Podargus auritus, Vigors, Griffith’s Transl. of Cuv. An.
Kingd. Il. t. p. 114; App. to Mem. of Sir T. 8.
Raffles, p. 658. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 81.

Batrachostomus auritus, Gould, Icones Avium, p. , t. 7.
G. Rh. Gray, Cat. Birds in B. M. II. p.3; Gen. of
Birds, I. p. 45. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 57.

Bombycistomus Fullertonii, Hay, J. A. S. Beng. X.
p. 574 (1841).

Podargus Fullertonii, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 798.

The Great-eared Goat-sucker, Gray.

A. b. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April, 1854.

388 CATALOGUE.

627. BATRACHOSTOMUS STELLATUS, Gould Sp.
Podargus stellatus, Gould, P. Z. 8. (1887), p. 48.
Batrachostomus stellatus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.

p. 45; Cat. Birds in Brit. Mus. II. p. 8.

Podargus crinifrons, Zemm., Mus. Lugd. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 57.

A. b. c. dé. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April,
1854.

Genus Lyncornis, Gould, Icones Avium (1838).
628. LYNCORNIS TEMMINCKI, Gould.

Lyncornis Temminckii, Gould, Icones Aviwm, t.6. Bo-
nap., O. G. Av. p. 62.

Eurostopodus Temminckii, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p. 50; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. Il. p.12. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 82.

Caprimulgus pulcher, Hay, Madr. Journ. XIII. pb. 2,
p. 161 (1844).

Caprimulgus imberbis, Zemminck, MSS.

A. b.¢. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April, 1854.

Genus Caprimutaus, Linn. (p. 112).

629. CAPRIMULGUS ALBONOTATUS, Tickell.

Caprimulgus albonotatus, TZichell, J. A. 8. Beng. II.
p- 580; XVII. pt. 1, p. 801. G. BR. Gray, Cat.
Birds Brit. Mus. I. p. 8. Hutton, J. A. 8. Beng.
XVII. pt. 2, p.5. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 83. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 60.

Caprimulgus gangeticus, Blyth, Ann. Nat. Hist. (1848),
p. 98.

Caprimulgus macrourus, apud Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XI.
p. 586.

Caprimulgus nipalensis, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 82; Catal. Birds of Nepal, p. 53.

The Nepal Goatsucker, Gray.

The Jungle Goatsucker, Tickell.

Cuvurpa, Hind., Vickell.

CATALOGUE. 389

A. b. c. d. Nepal (C. nipalensis, Hodgs.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853.

e. f. Assam. From McClelland’s Collection.

g.h.t. Kumaon. From Captain R. Strachey’s Collection.

“ This is extremely common in the jungles, keeping in thickets
during the day, and coming out to the open parts as evening sets in,
grass plains, and Ahéts, which it skims over with a low silent flight.
When on the wing, it emits a low chirp, somewhat like a sparrow ;
it has another and very peculiar note, when seated on the top of
some decayed tree, and which, on a calm night, may be heard for a
mile, sounding as if some one was striking a plank with a hammer
deliberately.”’

“ Makes no nest; eggs laid on the bare ground, in bush jungle,
in general two; shape blunt, and both ends nearly equal; male egg
14 x +3 in., pale fleshy clay-colour, sprinkled with patches of darker
brownish-red ; female egg 1,8, x Zin., paler and redder.”’—(Tickell.)

“ Of this species,” remarks Captain Hutton, “ which is a summer
visitant at Mussooree, I took two eggs at an elevation of 5,000 feet,
on the 19th April, from the bare ground, beneath bushes on the
side of a hill, the colour being a rich cream white, with darker
blotches of reddish brown or clay-colour. Of one, the diameter was
1; x Zin., the other was somewhat smaller.”’

Fam. TODIDA.

Genus Ampetis, Linn., S. N. (1735).
Bomprcriia, (Briss.) Vieill., Ois. de V?Amér. Sept.,
(1807).
Bompycrpnora, Meyer, Taschenb. (1810).
Bompycivora, Zemm., Man. d’ Orn. p. 76 (1815).

630. AMPELIS GARRULUS, Linn.
Ampelis garrulus, Linn., 8S. N. I. p. 297. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 278; Catal. Brit. Birds in B.
MM. p. 86. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 194.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 336.
Bombycilla bohemica, Brisson.
Bombyciphora polioccelia, Meyer.

390 CATALOGUE.

Bombycivora garrula, Temminck.
Parus bombycilla, Pallas, Zoogr. I. p. 548.
The Bohemian Waxwing, Selby.

a. Europe. Presented by John Gould, Esq.

Genus Cocnoa, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. V. p. 358 (1836).
Prosorinta, Hodgs., Journ. A. S. Beng. X. p.28 (1841).
OrEas, Zemm., Text de Pl. Ool. 274.

631. COCHOA PURPUREA, Hodgson.

Cochoa purpurea, Hodgs., Journ. A. 8. Beng. V. p. 359;
XIT. p. 450 (with plate); Cat. B. Nep. p. 96.
Blyth, Journ. A. 8. Beng. XI. p. 182; XV. p. 318;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.195. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 280. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 350. Could, Birds of Asia, t.

The Purple Cochoa, Hodgs.

Cocuo, Nepal, Hodgs.

A. B. & ¢. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
c.d. § 2. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

Mr. Hodgson remarks: “ Like most of the Nepalese Thrushes,
these birds are common to all the three regions of the kingdom.
They are shy in their manners, adhere exclusively to the woods, live
solitarily or in pairs, breed and moult but once a year, nidificate on
trees, and feed almost equally on the ground and on trees. I have
taken from their stomachs several sorts of stony berries, small uni-
valve mollusca, and sundry kinds of aquatic insects.’—(Journ. A.
S. Beng. V. p. 358.)

Fam. HALCYONIDA.

Genus Topirampuvs, Lesson (p. 128).

632, TODIRAMPHUS VARIUS, Eyton Sp.
Halcyon varia, Hyton, P. Z. 8. (1839), p.101. G. BR.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 79.
Todiramphus varius, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XV. p. 11;
XVI. p. 1181; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 47.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 156.

A. b. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April, 1854.

CATALOGUE. 391

“ Cap green, rufescent on forehead, and margined posteriorly with
verditer; a broad black stripe commences at the lores and meets its _
opposite behind; above this is a slight rufous supercilium, and below
it a broad rufous streak continued to the nape, and comprising the
lower ear-coverts ; below this again, is a very large rich purplish blue
moustache, commencing at the base of the lower mandible; the nape
and breast are brilliant ferruginous, paling on the throat and belly ;
and the mantle, wings, and tail are deep purplish-blue, each feather
touched with ultramarine-blue on the wings, while the rump and
upper tail coverts are vivid verditer; bordering the ferruginous of
the nape, is a band of deep black; bill dusky above, the rest ap-
parently bright yellow; and legs probably coral-red. Adult male
(and perhaps the adult of either sex).”

“The young have the mantle and wings dark green, with a
terminal pale fulvous spot on each feather, imparting a pretty
speckled appearance.’’—(Blyth.)

Genus Ceyx, Lacep. (p. 132).

633. CHYX TRIDACTYLA, Linn. Sp.
Alcedo tridactyla, Linn., Mant. (1771), p. 524. Pallas,
Spicil. Zool. VI. t. 2, f. 1. Gimel., S. NV. I. p. 459.

Ceyx tridactyla, Cuv., Rég. An. (1817), p. 417. Jerdon,
Lil. Ind. Orn. t. 25. Strickl., P. Z. 8. (1846),
p. 99. G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 80; Cat.
B. Brit. Mus. II. p. 59.

Alcedo purpurea, Gmel., S. V. I. p. 449.

Alcedo erythaca, var. A., Lath., Hist. IV. p. 39.

Ceyx erythaca, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 50.

Alcedo rubra, Bodd., Tabl. des Pl. enl. d’ Aubent. p. 48.

Ceyx luzoniensis, Steph., Gen. Zool. XIII. p. 106.

Ceyx microsoma, Burton, P. Z. 8S. (1838), p. 89.

Ceyx tridactyla et C. purpurea, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 157.

Le Martin-pécheur de l’isle de Lugon, Sonn., Voy. Ind.
t. 32.

Martin-pécheur de Pondicherry, Buff, Pl. Hnl. 778, f. 2.

The Purple Tridactylous Kingfisher.

Rasa Wuopan, Malays, Eyton.

DEIN-NGYEEN, Arracan, Blyth.

‘

392 CATALOGUE.
A. Nepal (No. 975, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by B.

H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.
B. c. d. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April, 1854,

Fam. MUSCICAPIDA.

Genus TouiTREA, Lesson (p. 133).
634. TCHITREA INCET, Gould Sp.

Muscipeta Incei, Gould, P. Z. S. (1852), p. 3; Birds
of Asia, t. (1852).
Ince’s Paradise Flycatcher, Gould.

A. Shanghai (China). Presented by John Gould, Esq.,
1853.

“In the male, the head, throat, and crest is very deep glossy
steel-green ; upper surface, wings, and tail very deep chestnut;
primaries and secondaries black, margined with deep chestnut on
their outer webs ; chest dark grey; abdomen and under tail-coverts
greyish white; bill blue. In the young bird, the head and neck are
dull black; back and wings deep chestnut; wings brownish black,
margined with pale chestnut; tail brown; breast and flanks sooty ;
middle of the abdomen and vent dull white.

This species is intermediate in colour between TZch. paradisi and
Teh. prineipalis of Japan ; it partakes of the characters of both, but
is quite distinct from either; from the former, it differs in the
broader, rounder, and shorter plumes of the crest, and in the dark
chestnut colouring of the upper surface; and from the Japanese
bird in the dark colouring of the throat not extending on to the
flanks, in the upper surface not being of so rich a plum-colour, and
in the tail being chestnut instead of black.’’—(Gould.)

Genus Puitentoma, Hyton, Ann. Nat. Hist. (1845), p. 228.
DryMopuita,* Temm., Text de Pl. Col. 334 (1838).

635. PHILENTOMA VELATUM, Temm. Sp.
Drymophila velata, Zemm., Pl. Col. 384 ¢.

* Previously used by Swainson.

CATALOGUE. 393

Philentoma velatum, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 204. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 324.

Monarcha velata, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 260.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 326.

Monarcha cesia, Less., Rev. Zool. (1839), p. 167 9.

Muscicapa pectoralis, 4. Hay, Madr. Journ. XIII. pt. 2,
p. 161 (1844).

Myiagra pectoralis, Strickl., P. Z. S. (1846), p. 101;
Ann. Nat. Hist. XIX. p. 181.

A.B. g 2. Sincapore. Presented by J. Gould, Hsq.,
1853.

c.d. @ 2. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

Genus Pericrocotus, Bote (p. 140).

636. PERICROCOTUS SOLARIS, Blyth.

Pericrocotus solaris, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XV. p. 310
(1846) ; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p.193. G. &.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, III. App. p. 18. Gould’s
Birds of Asia, t. (the & only). Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 306.

Pheenicornis affinis (the 9 only), Horsf., McClell., P.
Z. 8. (1839), p. 157.

The Yellow-throated Pericrocotus, Gould.

A.B. S 9. Nepal (No. 296, Hodes. Catal.). Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.
c. @. Darjeeling. Presented by John Gould, Esq., 1853.

It may here be mentioned that Mr. Gould has figured the female
of P. brevirostris for that sex of the present species, as has been
determined from the comparison of the specimen presented to the
Museum with the specimen from Nepal. The female has no yellow
on the forehead ; the sides of the throat and chin are whitish.

Genus Cuaptia, Hodgs. (p. 159).
637. CHAPTIA MALAYVENSIS, A. Hay.

Chaptia malayensis, 4. Hay, J. A. 8. Beng. XV. p. 294
(1846). Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p.200. G.
Rh. Gray, Gen. of Birds, III. App. p. 13. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 350.
3 ¢é

394 CATALOGUE.

? Drymonax niger, Less., Rev. Zool. (1839), p. 167.
The Malayan Bronze Shrike.

a. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

: Distinguished from Ch. enea by its inferior size, much less deeply
forked tail, shorter wing, and by its deeper bill.

_ Genus Enneoctonvs, Bote (p. 167).

638, ENNEOCTONUS SUPERCILIOSUS, Latham Sp.
Lanius superciliosus, Lath., Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. 20; Glen.
Hist. II. p. 36. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng,
p.152. Bonap., CO. G. Av. p. 363.
The Supercilious Shrike, Latham,

A. b. Malacca. From Griffith’s Collection.
c.d. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

639. ENNEOCTONUS ARENARIUS, Blyth Sp.
Lanius arenarius, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XV. p. 804
(1846).
Lanius superciliosus, var., Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8.
Beng. p. 152.
A. 6. c. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

This is distinguished by its pale colouring, a predominant dull
sandy-grey, scarcely tinged with rufous, except on the rump and
tail, the lores being whitish, but with a slight black spot adjoining
the orbit above.

“ This specios was found abundantly by Captain Boys in the
country lying between Scinde and Ferozepore.”’ |

Genus CamprpHaaa, Vieill. ( p. 176).

640. CAMPEPHAGA AVENSIS, Blyth.
Campephaga melanoptera,* Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XV.
p- 3807 (1846); Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 191.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 356.
Campephaga Avensis, Blyth, Oat. .B. Mus. A. S. Beng.
App. p. 327.

a. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

* Previously occupied by Ruippell.

CATALOGUE. 395

Genus Lataae, Bote ( p. 175).

641. LALAGEH CULMINATUS, A. Hay.
Ceblepyris culminatus, 4A. Hay, Madr. Journ. XIII.
p. 157 (1844).

A. @. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.

This female is readily distinguished from the same sex of L. orien-
talis by the absence of the large white tips to the lesser and greater
wing-coverts. The specimen examined has the head, neck, back,
and upper tail-coverts of a greyish-cyaneous, each feather being
marked at the point with a black bar, and then tipped with white ;
ear-coverts marked longitudinally with white; wings black; shoulders
cyaneous; greater coverts slightly tipped with white, and the primaries
and secondaries slightly fringed with the same ; tail black, tipped with
white; under-parts greyish white, each feather having two blackish
bars across; under tail-coverts whitish; bill broader than in Z. ori-
entalis, blackish; feet the same. Length 61in., of wing 3%, in.,
tail 3 in. P

Subfam. MYIOTHERINA, Swains. (p. 178).

Genus Euretes, Temm., Text de Pl. Col. 516 (1836).
Agax, Less., Rev. Zool. (1839).
642. HUPETES MACROCERCUS, Temminck.

Eupetes macrocercus, Temm., Pl. Col.516. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 207. Strickl., P. Z. S. (1846),
p. 102. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 158.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 252.

Burone Tana Rimpa, Malays, Cantor.

A. B.c. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

Genus Hopesontus, Bonap., Consp. Gren. Av. p. 300 (1850).
Brapyrrervs,* Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise. (1844), p. 83.
Brapypates,* G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 181

(1846).
Sytvanrs,* Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 136 (1847),

643. HODGSONIUS PH@NIC UROIDES, Hodgs. Sp.
Bradypterus phcenicuroides, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise.

* These three names have been previously used.

396 CATALOGUE.

(1844), p. 83; Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 70; App.
p. 158.

Hodgsonius pheenicuroides, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 300.

Bradybates phcenicuroides, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
I. p. 181.

Sylvania pheenicuroides, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 186; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 178.

A. @. Bootan. From Pemberton’s Collection.
b.c.d. 3 9. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

Genus CaLLENE, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 136 (1847).
Cincuipium,* Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 181 (1842).
644. CALLENE FRONTALE, Blyth.
Cinclidium frontale, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XI. p. 181;
XII. p. 954, ¢ py. 1010. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 301.
Callene frontale, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 136;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p.178. Moore, P. Z. 8.
(1854), p.
Ruticilla frontalis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 180.
Brachypteryx scapularis, Horsf., ISS.

A. &. Darjeeling. From Pearson’s Collection.
B.C. g ¢. Nepal (No. 950, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

“ This bird is reported to be a fine songster, and heard chiefly in
the evening.”’—(Blyth.)

Genus Drymocatapuus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVIII. p. 815
(1849).
645. DR YMOCATAPHUS NIGROCAPITATUS, Eyton
Sp. |

Brachypteryx nigrocapitata, Hyton, P. Z. S. (1839),

p- 103. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 178.
Drymocataphus nigrocapitatus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng.

XVIII. p. 815.
A. B. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

D. nigrocapitatus. Colour of the upper parts rufous brown, of the

* Previously occupied by Mr. Gould.

CATALOGUE. 397

under bright ferruginous ; throat white, flanked by a black streak ;
cap black, bordered by a white superciliary streak and loral feathers ;
ear-coverts dusky, minutely lineated with white, and posteriorly with
rufous; sides of the head ashy; bill horny black above, below yel-
lowish ; legs brownish. Length 6}in., of wing 23 in., and tail the
same, its outermost feather Sin. shorter, bill to forehead (through
the feathers) 11 in., to gape Zin., and tarse 14 in.

Genus Bracuypreryx, Horsf: (p. 178).

646. BRACHYPTERYX CRURALIS, Blyth.

Calliope cruralis, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XII. p. 933
(1843). Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 70.

Brachypteryx cruralis, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 186;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 178.

Larvivora cruralis, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 301.

Ruticilla cruralis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 180.

Larvivora homochroa, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Misc. (1844),
p. 83. ;

A. B.c.d. & ¢@. Nepal (No. 589, 885, Hodgs. Catal.).
Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., Sept. 1853.

B. cruralis. Male, colour above a deep cyaneous, or dark greyish-
blue, paler on the belly, and relieved by a white superciliary streak
confined to the base of the feathers, and yet showing conspicu-
ously. Female, olivaceous-brown above; forehead, lores, and throat
ferruginous, paler or dusky ferruginous beneath; wings and tail
ferruginous-brown ; bill black; legs brownish dusky. Length 5+ in.,
of wing 23 in., tail 12 in., bill to front (through the feathers) £in.,
and typically formed, tarse 1} in.

647. BRACHYPTERYX NIPALENSIS, Hodgson.

Brachypteryx nipalensis, (Hodgs.) Moore, P. Z. SW.
(1854), p.

A. Boe. d. & 9. Nepal (No. 943, Hodgs. Catal.). Pre-
sented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., Sept., 1853.

B. nipalensis. Male, colour above a greyish cyaneous, or light
greyish blue, as are also the cheeks, sides of breast, and flanks, and
paling to greyish white on the middle of the breast ; throat, middle
of belly, vent, and under tail-coverts, a streak over, but not extending
beyond the eye, white. Female, ferruginous-brown above, paler on

398 CATALOGUE.

the sides; throat, breast, belly, under tail-coverts, and superciliary
streak whitish; the feathers on the breast and sides fringed with
brown; bill dark horn; legs paler. Length 43in., of wing 22 in,,
tail 12 in., bill to gape € in., and tarse 1 in.

Genus Pyoipyea, Hodgs. ( p. 180).

648. PNOEPYGA LONGICAUDATA, Moore.
Pnoépyga longicaudata, Moore, P. Z. 8. (1854), p.

A. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

P. longicaudata. Colour of the upper parts deep olive-brown, the
feathers slightly margined with black, and having blackish shafts ;
wings and tail inclined to ferruginous-brown; upper tail-coverts
long; throat whitish; breast and sides of abdomen pale dusky fer-
ruginous, the feathers having pale centres and blackish margins;
middle of lower part of breast and abdomen white ; flanks the same
as the back ; vent and under tail-coverts dark ferruginous; bill dark
brown, legs paler. Length 42 in., of wing 2 in., the tail is rounded,
the central feathers being 24 in. long, and the outer 1} in., bill to
front (through the feathers) 2 in., to gape 58; in., and tarse 8; in.

Genus Pirra, Vieill. (p. 181).

649. PITTA BOSCHITI, Miller et Schlegel.

Pitta Boschii, ill. et Schl., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned.
Ind. Av. pp. 5,16, t=. 1. G. R. Gray, Gen. of
Birds, I. p. 218.

Pitta elegans, (nec. Temm.) Less., Voy. de la Bon. Ois.
t. 3.

Pitta elegans, (Zemm.) apud Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 256.

Pitta affinis, apud Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. XIII.
p. 301.

SintTaR, Sumatra, Raffles.

A. B.C. & 2. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

d. 3. Drawing. Sumatra. From Sir T. 8. Rafiles’s
Collection.

e. d. Drawing. From Parry’s Collection.

650. PITTA AVENSIS, J. E. Gray Sp.
Turdus Avensis, J. E. Gray, Griff. Cuv. An. Kingd. Av.
I. ¢. p. 530.
Pitta Avensis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 214.

CATALOGUE. 399

a. Drawing. Sumatra. From Sir T. 8. Raffles’s Col-
lection.

Pitta Avensis. Crown and nape bright brown; rest of the upper
parts, wings, tail, throat, and breast blackish; before and behind the
eye, base of lower mandible, chin, belly, vent, and lesser wing-coverts
yellowish-white ; bill black; legs reddish, Length about 63in., of
wing 4 in., tail 1 in., bill to frontal plumes $ in., to gape ,% in.,
tarsus lin. The above description is from Sir T.S. Raffles’s drawing.

This bird has very much the appearance of 7. mterpres, Temm.,
Pl. Col. 458, also from Sumatra, but which is a well-marked species
of the genus Geocichla.

651. PITTA ATRICAPILLA, Cuvier.

Pitta atricapilla, Cuvier. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 256.

Corvus philippensis, G'mel., S. NV. ZL. I. p. 375.

Pitta philippensis, Vieill. Mill. et Sohl., Verh. Nat.
Gesch. Ned. Ind. p. 19.

Pitta melanocephala, Wagler.

Pitta brevicaudata, (Bodd.) G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds,
J. p. 214.

Pitta macrorhyncha, J. H. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1832),
Pi de

Merle des Philippines, Buff, Pl. Enl. 89.

The Black-headed Pitta, Gould.

A. Borneo. Presented by John Gould, Hsq., 1853.

652. PITTA CUCULLATA, Hartlaub.

Pitta cucullata, Hartl., Rev. Zool. (1843), p. 65. Strickl.
Ann. N. H. (1844), p. 410, #20. G. BR. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 213. Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng.
XVI. p. 153; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 157.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 255.

Pitta nigricollis, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XII. p. 960.

Pitta rhodogaster, Hodgs., J. A. 8S. Beng. XII. p. 961
(young).

Pitta malaccensis, apud Schlegel.

Pitta Schlegeli, Bonaparte.

A. B. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

400 CATALOGUE.

Genus Prrrocincia, Vigors ( p. 185).

6538. PETROCINCLA LONGIROSTRIS, Blyth.
Petrocincla longirostris, Blyth, J. A. &. = XVI.
p. 150 (1847).
Petrocincla cyaneus, apud Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. ‘8.
Beng. p. 164.
Petrocossyphus cyaneus, apud Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 297.

A. B.c. @ 9. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

Genus Grocicuia, Kuhl (p. 190).

654. GHOCICHLA INNOTATA, Blyth.

Geocichla innotata, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XV. p. 370
(1846); XVI. p. 146; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p. 163. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 268.

Turdus innotatus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, III. App.
p. 10.

Geocichla albogularis Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 146

(the female).
The Malayan Orange-headed Thrush.

A. g. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Caritor, April, 1854.

“Resembles G. citrina, but has the ferruginous colour of the head
and under parts, and the ash-colour of its upper parts much more
intense ; no white upon the wings; and the lower tail-coverts only
(not the vent) are white. The female is smaller, and has the throat
white, and some white at the sides of the vent; the wings, rump,
and tail only are deep ashy; the back and scapularies being olive-
green, much as in the female of G. citrina.”

Genus OREOCINCLA, Gould (p. 192).

655. OREOCINCLA LUNULATA, Latham Sp.

Turdus lunulatus, Lath., Ind. Orn. Supp., p.42; Gen.
Hist. IV. p. 180.

Oreocincla lunulata, Gould, Birds of Austr. t.

Turdus varius, apud Vig. et Horsf., Trans. Linn. Soe.
XV. p. 218.

Oreocincla Nove-Hollande et O. macrorhyncha, Gould,
P. ZS. (183 ), p. 145.

Lunulated Thrush, Latham.

CATALOGUE. 401

Mountain Thrush, of the Colonists of Van Diemen’s
Land.

A. Australia. From Mr. George Fradgley.

Genus Turpus, Linn. (p. 196).
656. TURDUS RULULUS, Drapiez.

Turdus rufulus, Drapiez, Dict. Class. d’ Hist. Nat. X.
p. 448. Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 148.

Turdus modestus, Kyton, P. Z. S. (1839), p. 103. Strickl.,
P. Z. 8. (1846), p. 100.

Turdus javanicus, apud Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 161.

StTRIzE, Java, Drapiez.

Kwaran, Malay, Hyton.

Myat-Loo-nenet, Arracan, Phayre.

A. B.c.d. g 9. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

Twrdus rufulus. ‘“ Upper parts greenish olive-brown, with a dull
white supercilium; chin, and generally the medial portion of the
throat, with the belly and lower tail-coverts, white; breast and flanks
brownish fulvous, brighter in old males; the throat and foreneck
streaked laterally with olivaceous, which in some specimens crosses
the breast above the fulvous hue, and is more or less ashy; others
again, evidently the old males, have the entire crown and neck all
round of a dusky ash-colour, mingled with white on the middle of
the throat; bill dusky above, the basal two-thirds of the lower
mandible, yellow; legs pale brown. Length 81 to 9in., of wing
41 to 5 in., tail 32 in., bill to gape 1 in., and tarse 13 in.”’

Genus Meruta, Leach (p. 196).

657. MERULA SIMILLIMA, Jerdon Sp.

Turdus simillimus, Jerd., Madr. Journ. X. p. 253 (1889).
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 219. Blyth, J. A.
S. Beng. XI. p. 882. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 274.

Merula simillima, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI. p. 148;
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 162.

Turdus nigropileus, Lafres., Deless. Voy. dans Inde Av.
p. 27 (1843). Jerd., Madr. Journ. XIII. pt. 2, p. 127.

The foe asa tegald Blackbird, Jerdon.

3f

402 CATALOGUE.

A. B.C. d.e. g 2 and young. Madras. From Wight’s
Collection.

fF. Madras. Presented by John Gould, Esq., 1853.

“ Tnhabits the Neilgherries, in the dense woods of which it is very
common, and may be daily heard pouring forth its charming song,
especially towards evening, and in cloudy weather. It is found alone,
or in small families. It lives chiefly on fruit of different kinds,
especially of the pleasant Brazil cherry, now so abundant in the
woods there; also feeds on worms, caterpillars, and other soft
insects.”’—(Jerdon.)

658. MERULA WARDII, Jerdon Sp.

Turdus Wardii, Jerd., J. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 882 (1842) ;
Lil. Ind. Orn. t.8; Madr. Journ. XIII. pt. 2, p. 127.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 219. Hodgs., Cat.
Birds of Nep., p. 81.

Merula Wardii, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI. p. 146;
XX. p. 177. Layard, Ann. Nat. Hist. (1853),
p. 270.

Turdus melanoleucus, Hartlaub.

Turdus picaoides, Hodgs., Gray's Zool. Mise. (1844),
p. 83, g.

Oreocincla (s. g. Turdulus) micropus, Hodgs., Gray’s
Zool. Misc. (1844), p. 83, 2.

Turdus micropus, Hodgs., Cat. Birds of Nep. p. 80.

Ward’s Blackbird.

A. g. 8. India. Presented by John Gould, Esq., 1853.

M. Ward. “Male black, with white eye-streak and under-parts
from the breast, except the feathers of the flanks, which are only
margined with white; and, besides a white wing-patch under the
scapularies, the wing-coverts and tertiaries are tipped with the same,
and the secondaries and middle tail-feathers, with the upper tail-
coverts, more slightly, the rest of the tail-feathers being successively
more deeply so tipped, increasing in amount to the outermost.
The female has the upper parts brown instead of black, with slight
whitish tips to the upper tail-coverts, and less white on the tail-
feathers, which is also less pure ; the wing-coverts are each tipped
with a triangular spot of fulvous-white, and the tertiaries more
slightly ; the supercilinm is also fulvous-white, and the entire under-

CATALOGUE. 403

parts, except the lower tail-coverts, which are purer white, a little
variegated with dusky ; while the feathers of the throat, breast, and
flanks are each tipped with a transverse dusky spot, more or less tri-
angular on those of the breast; axillaries chiefly pure white; bill
and legs yellowish. Length 9 in., of wing 4,%in., tail 33in., bill to
front %in., to gape 1,2, in., and tarse 1,2, in.”

Genus TrocuaLopreRoN, Hodgs. ( p. 210).

659. TROCHALOPTERON MERULINUM, Blyth Sp.
Garrulax merulinus, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XX. p. 521
(1851) ; Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. App. p. 7.

A. Darjeeling? From Pearson’s Collection.

T. merulinum. “ General colour deep olive-brown, the medial
portion of the under-parts pale rufescent whitish-brown, and spotted
with black on the throat and upper part of the breast, much as in
Turdus musicus ; a narrow white streak behind the eye; [vent and
under tail-coverts dark rufous; ]| irides whitish-brown; bill dusky
plumbeous; legs brown, with albescent toes. Length 94in., ex-
panse of wings 12 in., closed wing 32 in., tail 3iin., bill to front
= in., to gape 14 in., and tarse 13 in.”

Genus Dumeria, Blyth, Cat. Birds Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 140
(1851).
660. DUMETIA ALBOGULARIS, Blyth.
Malacocercus albogularis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 453 (1847).
Dumetia albogularis, Blyth, Oat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng.
p. 140. Layard, Ann. Nat. Hist. (1858), p. 272.
Timalia hyperythra, apud Jerdon, Madr. Journ. X.
p. 261; Ll. Ind. Orn. p.
Pellorneum albogulare, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XXI.
p. 857.
Suan Dumart, Hind., Jerdon.
Punpi Jirra (i. e. ‘ Pig-Bird’), Telugu, Jerdon.

A. §. India. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.
B. Madras. Presented by John Gould, Esq., 1853.

“ This bird,” remarks Mr. Jerdon, “ I have seen but very seldom ;
once at the top of the Tapoor pass in thick jungle, and in the

404 CATALOGUE.

neighbourhood of Jaulnah, in jungly district, in thick hedges, and
thick wooded nullahs. From the dense nature of the bushes it
frequents, it is with difficulty observed and obtained. I have
generally seen it in parties of five or six, occasionally giving out a
low and indistinct sort of chattering. Fragments of various insects
were found in the stomachs of those I procured. It is called Pundi
jitta, or Pig Bird, in Telugu; a name given from its habits of making
its way under the bushes, never showing itself above.”

Mr. Blyth states: “Its note considerably resembles that of
Malacocercus caudatus, except in being proportionally weaker.”

“ In Ceylon, it is confined to the vicinity of Colombo, and is not
uncommon ; it is generally found in small flocks about the cinnamon
and other low bushes, creeping about in search of insects.’’—(Layard.)

Genus Tricu1xos, Lesson, Rev. Zool. (1839), p. 167.

Turvrrostris, A. Hay, Madr. Journ. XIII. pt. 2, p. 1638
(1844).

661. TRICHIXOS PYRRHOPYGA, Lesson.

Trichixos pyrrhopyga, Lesson, Rev. Zool. (1839), p. 167.
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. 8S. Beng. App. p. xx.

Turdirostris superciliaris, 4. Hay, Madr. Journ. XIII.
pt. 2, p. 163 (1844). Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. SB.
Beng. p.145. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 217.

Macronus superciliaris, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, ILI.
App. p. 9.

Napothera pyrrhomelanura, Miller.

A. g. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.
C.d. 2 or jun. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

T. pyrrhopyga. Male, colour of the head, nape, back, chin, throat,
breast, and shoulders ashy black, deepest above ; a white superciliary
stripe above, but not beyond, the eye ; rump, upper tail-coverts, and
tail bright rufous, the latter tipped with a broad deep brown-black
band; wings brown, margined with ashy; flanks and under tail-
coverts rufous; belly and vent whitish, washed with rufous; bill
black ; legs pale yellow. Length 83 in., of wing 4in., tail 4 in. (its
outermost feathers shorter), bill to front (through the feathers)
1j;in., to gape 12 in., tarse 11,in. In the young, or female, the
dei above is biadan sited with rufous; the forehead, round
the eyes, chin, throat, breast, flanks, and under tail-coverts dusky-

CATALOGUE. 405

rufous, whitish on the middle of the belly and vent; the wings
brown, the coverts tipped with rufous ; the bill is rather shorter and
thicker, and is of a-horny colour above, yellowish below at base.

Genus Tricuastoma, Blyth ( p. 226).

662. TRICHASTOMA ABBOTTT, Blyth.

Malacocinela Abbotti, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV. p. 601
(1845).

Trichastoma Abbotti, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 462; Cat. Birds Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 147.
Honap.., CG. .Ag« 9, 259: ,Moore;,, P. Z. S&.
(1854), p.

Malacopteron Abbotti, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, III.
App. p. 9.

A. Nepal (No. 919, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by B.
H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.
B. c. d. Dacca. Presented by Captain R. C. Tytler, 1854.

T. Abbottt. Colour above, plain olive-brown, tinged with rufous
on the rump and tail; the upper tail-coverts ferruginous brown,
under-parts paler; the throat and middle of the belly white; the
ear-coverts, sides of the breast, and flanks rufescent; the lower tail-
coverts pale ferruginous; bill horn-colour, paler beneath. Length
6in., of wing 3 in., tail 21 in., bill to gape 14 in., and tarse the same.

663. TRICHASTOMA ROSTRATUM, Blyth.
Trichastoma rostratum, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI. p.'795
(1842); XIII. p. 383; XVI. p. 462; Cat. Birds
Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 147.. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 259.
Malacopteron rostratum, G. R. Gray, Cen. of Birds, I.
p. 209.

A. B. c. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April, 1854.

T. rostratum. Colour of the upper parts uniform olive-brown,
somewhat darker on the crown, and having a slight ruddy tinge on
the rump and tail; the whole under-parts pure white, a little sullied
on the breast and lower tail-coverts ; lores and sides of the head pale
fulvescent brown, and sides of the neck to the breast ashy; upper
mandible horny black ; lower yellowish white, except at its extreme
tip ; legs deeply tinged with yellowish brown. Length about 6 in.,

406 CATALOGUE.

of wing 23 in., tail 2in., its outermost feather 8 in. shorter; bill to
forehead (through the feathers) {in., to gape +3 in., tarse 43 in.

Genus AucipPE, Blyth (ep. 226).

664. ALCIPPEH CINEREA, Eyton Sp.
Malacopteron cinereum, Hyton, P. Z. S. (1839), p. 103.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 209.
Alcippe cinerea, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XIII. p. 384;
XVI. p. 462; Cat. Birds Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 148.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 260.

A.B.c. Malacca. d. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

“ Trides grey ; bill blackish ; feet reddish grey, soles dirty orange.
Food seeds and insects.’’—(Cantor’s Notes.)
665. ALCIPPE AFFINIS, Blyth.
Trichastoma affine, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 795
(1842).
Alcippe affinis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 384;
XVI. p. 462; Cat. Birds Mus. A. 8S. Beng. p. 148.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 359.

Malacopteron affine, G. BR. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p. 209.

Napothera atricapilla, Miller, Mus. Lugd. Bonap., ©.
G. Av. p. 359.

Burone Nira, Malay, Cantor.

A. Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.
B. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

“ Distinguished by its dark crown, pale nape, rufescent hue of the
back and rump, and deep ferruginous tail-feathers; white under-
parts, and having a distinct brownish-grey band crossing the breast.
Length 53 in., of wing 23 in., tail 24 in., its outermost feather 3 in.
shorter ; bill to forehead, through the feathers, £ in., to gape 32 in.,
and tarse 2 in.”’

666. ALCIPPE CANTORI, Moore.
Alcippe Cantori, Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p.

A. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

A. Cantori. Upper parts olive-brown, tinged with rufous on the
rump ; crown ash-brown, being much lighter than in A. affinis; nape

CATALOGUE. 407

paler; lores, a streak over and behind the eyes, with the ear-coverts,
ashy white ; throat, belly, vent, and under tail-coverts white; breast
mingled white and ash; wings rufescent brown, the remiges mar-
gined brighter; upper tail-coverts and tail deep rufo-ferruginous,
darker towards the tip ; bill horny above, pale below; feet greenish.
Length nearly 71 in., of wing 3 in., tail 31 in., bill to frontal plumes
1in., to gape 2in., and tarse 19 in.

Distinguished trom A. affinis and A. albogularis by its larger size,
longer wings and tail.

667. ALCIPPE MAGNIROSTRIS, Moore.
Alcippe magnirostris, Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p.
A. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

A. magnirostris. Upper parts olive-brown, darkest on the crown,
palest on the nape, and tinged with rufous on the rump; the feathers
of the crown spatulate, and have a perceptibly darker shaft and mar-
gin; lores and streak over, but not beyond, the eye whitish ; base
of lower mandible, down the sides of the throat, with the tips of
some of the feathers of the cheek, dark ash; throat, belly, vent,
and under tail-coverts white; sides of the breast ashy-olive, the
middle more ashy ; wings rufescent brown; upper tail-coverts and
tail deep rufo-ferruginous; bill horny above, paler below; feet
greenish. Length 6in., of wing 3in., tail 22in., bill to frontal
plumes 55, in., to gape ;%, in., tarse 14 in.

May be known from the other described species by its longer and
more robust bill, and by the dark ash streak down the sides of the
throat.

668. ALCIPPE STRIATA, Blyth.
Timalia striata, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XI. p. 793 (1842).
Alcippe striata, Blyth, Cat. Birds Mus. A. S. Beng.
p. 149. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 260.
Macronus striatus, G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 210.
? Myiothera epilepidota, Zemm., Pl. Col. 448, f. 2.

A. B. c. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

A. striata. “ Head and neck above black, or rather brown-black ;
the feathers of the mesial line white about the shaft, forming a streak
of this colour along the middle of the head, besides which are two
slight lateral streaks not observable in every specimen, in addition
to a superciliary line of the same; on the nape, the white centres of
the feathers broader, and are more irregularly disposed, while on the

408 CATALOGUE.

back they become much narrower again, more or less so in different
specimens, and wholly disappear on the rump; the ground hue of
the back and rump is rich fulvous brown, brightening on the latter,
and tending to rufous on the upper tail-coverts; lores conspicuously
pale fulvous, and the throat and foreneck fulvous white, the ear-
coverts margined with black; sides of the breast white, handsomely
bordered with black, and a very slight margin of the same to the
medial pectoral feathers; rest of the under-parts white, the flanks
bordered with fulvous brown, which spreads nearly over the whole
feather posteriorly ; lower tail-coverts more or less tinged with the
same; wing-feathers dusky interiorly, the coverts having terminal
longitudinal white spots; tail ruddy brown, margined with more
rufous brown at base; bill black; legs yellowish. Length 51in., of
wing 23 to 22 in., tail 2in., bill to forehead (through the feathers)
4in., to gape 2 in., and tarse 2 in.”

Genus PyctoruHIs, Hodgs.* (1844), (p. 230).
Curysomma, Hodgs. (1845).

669. PYCTORHIS LONGIROSTRIS, Hodgson.
Pyctorhis longirostris, (Hodgs.) Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p.

A. B. Nepal (No. 892, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

Pye. longirostris. Forehead, crown, nape, back, rump, upper tail-
coverts, and tail rufous brown, darkest on the crown, wings, and tail,
the last distinctly rayed; chin, throat, base of lower mandible, middle
of belly, and vent white ; ear-coverts, sides of the neck, and breast
pale rufescent, brightening on the flanks, thighs, and under tail-
coverts; under wing-coverts also rufescent; bill black, yellowish
beneath at base; legs pale horny. Length 84in., of wing 2#in.,
tail 3} in., bill to frontal plumes 2 in., to gape 1in., height from chin
to front =2,in., tarse lin., middle toe and claw 1, in., central and
lateral ditto {4 im., and hind ditto = in.

This bird may possibly be the species noticed (but not described)
by Mr. J. W. Frith in the J. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 370, as being

* It may here be mentioned in connection with this genus, that Mr. Hodgson,
in P. Z. S. (1845), p. 24, refers the species sinensis only to his genus Pyctorhis, and
not the bird named rujifrons, as quoted by many authors, which is there described
as an Actinodura, it being synonymic with the species previously described by
Mr. Gould under the name of Act. Egertoni.

CATALOGUE. 4.09

found in Bengal, which he states “ differs from the common species
in being about half larger.’’

Genus Stacuyris, Hodgs. ( p. 232).

670. STACH VRIS RUFICEPS, Blyth.
Stachyris ruficeps, Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XVI. p. 452
(1847) ; Oat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 150. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 3382. G.R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I11.
App. p. 10. Moore, P. Z. 8S. (1854), p
The Rufous-headed Stachyris.

A. b.c. d. Nepal (No. 923, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

St. ruficeps. Allied in form and size to S¢. pyrrhops, but having
the crown light ferruginous, and the chin and middle of the throat
white, with slight black central streaks to the feathers; rest of the
upper parts plain olive, and of the lower whitish, with a fulvous tinge
on the sides of the neck and breast; [in some specimens, the crown
and nape is bright ferruginous, and the whole under parts pale fer-
ruginous ;| bill and legs pale horny. Length 42 in., of wing 2tin.,
tail 2in., bill to frontal plumes ;4,in., to gape 5% in., ane tarse Zin.

Genus Prcnonotus, Kwhl ( p. 238).

671. PYCNONOTUS NIGROPILEUS, Blyth.
Pycnonotus nigropileus, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XVI.
p. 472 (1847) ; Catal. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 209.
Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 265.

A. 6. Tenagserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

“ This species differs from P. hemorrhous in having no black on
the throat and breast, which are brown, with greyish margins to the
feathers, like the back ; and the whole nape and back are much paler
than in P. hemorrhous ; the under tail-coverts crimson, and the cap
alone being black.’’—(Blyth.)

Dr. Helfer, in his MSS. notes, states that “this bird is very com-
mon about habitations throughout the Tenasserim provinces.”

Genus Microtarsus, Myton (p. 248).
672. MICROTARSUS CANTORI, Moore.
Microtarsus Cantori, Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p

A. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.
39

La

410 OATALOGUE.

- MM. Cantori. The head, back, rump, and shoulders of an olive-green
colour; wings dusky ferruginous on the outer webs, and margined
with olive-green, coverts rufous olive-green; tail rufous, paler beneath,
the feathers of the rump copious; flanks dusky, with a broad yel-
lowish-white tip to most of the feathers; throat white; the breast
brownish-grey ; fore part of abdomen white, tinged with yellow, the
latter colour becoming brighter on the vent and under tail-coverts
bill and feet dark horn-colour. Length 74in., of wing 32 in., tail
33 in., bill to gape 2 in., and tarse rather more than 2 in.

Quite distinct from the bird to which the name of JZ. olivaceus has
been given.

This may possibly be a state of plumage of the female of I.
melanoleucos, Eyton.

Genus CRINIGER, Temm. (p. 252).

673. CRINIGER CANTORI, Moore.
Criniger Cantori, Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p.

a. b. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

C. Cantori. Crown deep ash, the feathers brown at base, paler on
the nape, and passing to yellowish olive-green on the back, rump,
and shoulders; wings rufous brown, edged with olive-green; tail
rufous brown, edged paler ; lores, ear-coverts, and sides of neck pale
ash; base of lower mandible and throat white; rest of the under parts
bright yellow ; bill horny above, pale below; feet yellowish. Length
73 in., of wing 31 in., tail 34 in., bill to gape ;% in., and tarse + in.

The nuchal hair-like barbs are well developed in this species. Like
C. gularis, Horsfield, it is not crested.

Genus Puytuornis, Boie (p. 258).

674. PHYLLORNIS CYANOPOGON, Temm.

Phyllornis cyanopogon, Zemm., Pl. Col. 512, f1. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. 8. Beng. p. 2138. G. R. Gray,
Gen. of Birds, I. p. 124. Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 396. Cuabanis, Cat. Mus. Heine, p. 114.

Phyllornis moluccensis, J. #. Gray, Zool. Mise. (1832),
p. 38. Strickl., P. Z. 8. (1846), p. 100; Ann. Nat.
Hist. XIX. p. 130.

Phyllornis malabaricus, apud Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XII.
p. 957.

Phyllornis cochinchinensis, apud Raffles, Trans. Linn.

CATALOGUE. 411

Soc. XIII. p. 809; Blyth, J. A. 8S. Beng. XIV.
p. 565. Moore, Cat. Birds Mus. E. I. Compy.
p. 260.

Burone Datn, Sumatra, Raffles.

A.B. ¢ @. Sumatra. Presented by Sir T. S. Rafiles.
c. g@. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

675. PHYLLORNIS MYSTICALIS, Swainson Sp.
Chloropsis mysticalis, Swains., 24 Cent. p. 296 (1838)
(young).
Phyllornis malabaricus, Zemm. (nec. Gimel.), Pl. Col.
512, fi 2.
Phyllornis icterocephalus, (Zemm.) Bonap., C. G. Av.
p. 396 (1850). Cabanis, Cat. Mus. Heme, p. 114.

Phyllornis cyanopogon, apud Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIV.
p. 564.

A. B.c. ¢ 2. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

Genus Ixuxvs, Hodgs. (p. 262).
676. IXULUS OCCIPITALIS, Blyth.

Siva occipitalis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XIII. p. 937 (1844).

Ixulus occipitalis, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 552;
XVI. p. 448; Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. p. 100.
Moore, P. Z. 8. (1854), p.

A. Nepal (No. 955, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by B.
H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

T. occipitalis. “ Colour dull brownish olive-green above, the shafts
of the dorsal and scapulary feathers pale; below much lighter, and
rufescent ; the throat whitish, the feathers of the fore neck having
dark shafts; crown, nape, and lower tail-coverts ferruginous-brown,
which also tinges the flanks; coronal feathers considerably elongated,
and the occiput beneath the crest white; bill black; legs yellowish-
brown. Length about 5in., of wing 22 in., tail 2in., bill to gape
5°; in., and tarse 2 in.’’—(Blyth.)

677. IXULUS CASTANICEPS, Moore.
Ixulus castaniceps, Moore, P. Z. S. (1854), p.
A. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.

412 CATALOGUE.

I. castaniceps. Colour above dull brownish olive, the shafts of the
dorsal and scapular feathers pale; crown dark chestnut, and sub-
crested, the frontal plumes short and scaly, and having pale margins;
the occiput pale chestnut ; behind the eye whitish ; ear-coverts chest-
nut; wings blackish, the secondaries and tertiaries having pale shafts;
axillaries white ; tail black, the three outer feathers graduated, and
tipped obliquely externally with white, the next white at the extreme
tip only, and the rest entirely black; the whole under parts are of
a dirty ruddy-white colour; bill reddish brown; legs yellowish.
Length 53 in., of wing 2,3, in., tail 27 in., its outermost feather $in.
less, bill to front ;3, in., to gape + 1n., and tarse } in.

Genus Eryturosterna, Bonap. ( p. 287).
678. ERYTHROSTERNA HRYTHACA, Blyth.

Erythrosterna erythaca, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. XVI.
p. 126 (1847).

A. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

EE. erythaca.. “ Closely allied in form and structure to LE. leucura,
Gmel., but the whole throat, breast, and fore part of the abdomen
bright yellowish-ferruginous; two narrow whitish bands across the
wings, formed by the tips of the coverts; and the white on the sides
of the base of the tail much reduced (as compared with Z. leueura),
occupying only the extreme base of the outermost tail-feathers, and
successively increasing in quantity upon the next four; belly and
lower tail-coverts pure white ; the flanks fulvous-brown ; behind the
eye, a whitish spot; a slight olivaceous tinge on the upper parts
generally ; and the tertiaries margined with whitish. Length nearly
5in., of wing 22 in., tail 1Zin., bill to gape 5%-in., and tarse the
same.’’—(Blyth.)

- Genus ABrornis, Hodgs. (p. 341).
679. ABRORNIS ? HODGSONT, Moore.
A. b. c. Nepal (No. 899, Hodgs. Catal.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

A. Hodgsoni. Colour above, olive-green, yellowish on the rump;
forehead and crown deep ferruginous; infra-orbital plumes blackish,
tipped with white ; above and below the eyes, ear-coverts, and sides
of the neck grey; throat and breast greyish-white; abdomen bright

_

CATALOGUE. 413

yellow; wings dusky, margined with ferruginous olive-green ; tail
dusky, the two outer feathers on the whole of the inner web white,
the rest margined with olive-green ; bill horny, yellowish bencath ;
legs yellowish. Length 4in., of wing 2in., tail 1$in., bill to frontal
plumes 52, in., to gape {,in., width at base ,2,in., tarse 11 in., middle
toe and claw 4, in., hind ditto inch.

July 27th, 1854.

APPENDIX No. II.

Specimens added to the Museum during the printing of the

No.

. Add specimen c. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.
. KgrsHEE, Kumaon, Madden.
. Add specimens c. d. Nepal (No. 891, Hodgs. Cat.). Presented

Catalogue; also Corrections and Additions of Synonymes,
Native Names, &c.

by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

. Senap Brexane, Pinang, Cantor. Add specimens e. Malacca,

f. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

. Add specimen z. Nepal (/ thermophilus, Hodgs.). Presented

by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

Ditto b. c. Nepal (F. rufipedoides, Hodgs.). Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

Ditto c. d. Nepal (No. 50, Hodgs. Cat.). Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

Ditto JS: Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

. This is Elanus mimor, Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 22. Elanus melan-

opterus, of India and Malasia, Auctorum. It will stand as
Exanus minor, Bonap. Add specimen f Pinang. Pre-
sented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

. Add specimens d. e. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Ditto d. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Ditto f. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor. This
is believed to be Fulco cirrhatus, Gmelin.

Ditto h. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

. This is Munierax PoLyzonvs, Riipp., Falco polyzonus, Ripp.,

Melierax musicus, apud Kaup. MM. musicus, Daud, is a
distinct species.

No.

52.

57.
65.

66.
67.
68.
69.

72.
73.

74.

75.
ads

79.

80.

83.
86.
90.
92.
96.

98.

CATALOGUE. 415

Astur barbatus, Eyton, Ann. Nat. (1845), p. 327, is probably a
state of plumage of this species.

DapueEnt, Nepal, Hodgson.

Add specimens d. adult, e. nestling. Pinang. Presented by
Dr. Cantor, 1854.

This bird was from Malacca. Presented by W. Griffith, Esq.
Add specimen 6. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Add specimen e. Nepal (H. albipes, Hodgs.). Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

Ditto d. e. f.? Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.
Kouassa, Hind., Blyth.
Ditto 1. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Krisuna Cuura (‘ Black-crested ’), Hind., Blyth.

This is Paleo (Lophotes) Reinwardti, suhléael et Miller, Verh.,
Naturl. Gesch. t.5; Falco Forstenii, Temm., Mus. Taiade:
Lophastur Jerdoni, Blyth, J. A.S. Beng. XI. p. 464; Falco
sumatrensis, Lafr.; Avicida Reinwardti, Bonap., C. G. Av.
p- 20. It will stand as Baza Rernwarnprtt, Schl. et Miller Sp.

Add specimens c. d. Nepal (No. 727, Hodgs. Cat.). Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

Kuuxvusat, Upper Provinces, Blyth.

Add specimens 8. c. Nepal (No. 486, Hodgs. Cat.). Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, June, 1853.

Ditto e. Keddah (Malayan Peninsula). Presented
by Dr. Cantor.
Ditto e. f. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor. This

species should be separated from the genus Athene, and
arranged as NINOX SCUTULATUS.

Ditto i. 9. k. Malacca, Pinang, and Province Welles-
ley. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Ditto e. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Ditto d. e. (adult et jun.). Pinang. Presented by

Dr. Cantor. In syn. Strix ceylonensis, Lath., insert nec.
Gmel. in brackets.
Ditto g. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
Ditto d. e. f. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.
Burone Antoo, Pinang, Cantor.

Add syn. Strix flammea, Blyth, Cat. Birds Mus. A. 8. Beng.
p. 41; Laxxt or Iaxxrt Penowa, Beng., Blyth; KanreEya or
Kvrait, Hind., vulgo Boorzr Cuoorzzn, Jerdon; JILEI,
Bhagulpore, Blyth.

416

No.

99.

102.
103.

104.

105.

106.

108.

110.

bk

112.

122.

125.
129.

131.

1382.

133.

136.

CATALOGUE.

This is correct, and will stand as Striw capensis, A. Smith,
S. Afr. Quart. Journ. (1836), p. ; Il. 8. Afr. Zool. t. 45.
G. R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 41; Cat. B. Brit. Mus.
p- 110. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 55. :

Add specimen 8. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

Ditto - c. d. Nepal (No. 827, Hodgs. Cat.). Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

h.z. Specimens from Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.,
June, 1853. ATEDAN, Sindh, Blyth.

g. hk. Specimens from Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor,
April, 1854.
Add syn. Merops bicolor, Bodd.; ? Merops Latreillei, Vieill. ;
? Merops cyanopygius, Less., Tr. d’Orn. p. 238. Specimens 8. c.

from Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April, 1854.

Add as syn. Merops Leschenaultu, Vieill. Specimens e. d. e.
from Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April, 1854.

This is not WZ. variegatus, Vieill., but IL. Lafresnayii, Guerin.
Rev. Zool. (1843), p. 822. Gi R. Gray, Gen. of Birds, I.
p- 86. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 163.

Add syn. Alcemerops paleazureus, Less. Rev. Zool. (1840),
p. 262. Add specimen d. Nepal. Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq.

Specimens &. 1. m. n. from Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor,
April, 1854. In syn. H. javanica, erase Latham and Shaw’s
reference, which applies to H. domicola, Jerdon.

Specimens f. g. from Nepal (No. 962, Hodgs. Catal.). Pre-
sented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

Specimen c. from Bengal. Presented by Captain R. C. Tytler.

In syn. Macropteryx longipennis, alter t. 74 to 47.

Erase the syn. Podargus stellatus, Gould, which is a distinct
species (vide App. p. 388). The name should be javanensis,
not javensis.

Erase specimens d. e. from Assam, which prove to be C. albono-
tatus, Tickell. Add specimens d. e. f from Pinang. Pre-
sented by Dr. Cantor, April, 1854; g. Malacca. From
Griffith’s Collection.

Add A. Nepal (C. satuwratior, Hodgs.). Presented by B. H.
Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853; 6. Malacca. Presented by Dr.
Cantor, April, 1854. Transfer specimens a. b. c. to C. albo-
notatus (vide App. p. 389), d. to C. macrourus.

Specimen ©. Nepal (C. gymaopus, Hodgs.). Presented by B.

No.

137.
140.
141.
142.
143.
146.

147.
148.

149.
151.

153.
155.

158.

161.

162.
163.
164.

165.

168.

169,

CATALOGUE. 417

H. Hodgson, Esq., June, 1853. f. Bengal. From Dr. Fal-
coner’s Collection.

Specimen f. from Dacca. Presented by Captain R. C. Tytler.

Specimens e. f. from Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

Specimens d. e. f. from Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

c. d. e. Specimens from Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

c. d. Specimens from Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson,
Esq., June, 1853.

J g. Specimens from Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.
Syn. Erolla nasica, Less.

e. f. Specimens from Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Add specimen d. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
e. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

d. e. Specimens from Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Genus Halcyon (p. 123), erase the syn. Todiramphus.

h. Malacca. Presented by J. Gould, Esq. (1853). 7. Malacca.
Presented by Dr. Cantor.

d.e. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

This is the same as No. 154. It will stand as H. smyrnensis.
Add specimen e. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Separate this from the genus Halcyon, and place it under the
genus Zodiramphus.

Erase the query to syn. Alcedo nigricans, which Mr. Blyth
states is the young of ewryzona, the adult of which is A.
grandis, Blyth, J. A. 8. Beng. XIV. p. 190; XV. p. 11;
XXII. p. 409.

Add specimens e. f. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Ditto d. e. f. Malacea. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

This will bear the prior name of A. beryllina, Vieill., N. Dict.
d’ Hist. Nat. XIX. p. 414 (1818) ; Dict. des Sci. Nat. Ornith.
t. 63, f. 2. Cassin, Cat. of Halcy. in Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.
(1852). ALcEDo BuRYyLLINA, Vieill. Sp.

Specimen #. Keddah. Presented by Dr. Cantor. In the refe-
rence to Hamilton’s MSS., correct vol. I. to II.

For KappEHOoRA read RappEHooRA (i. e. ‘ Cotton thief’),
Ceylon, Layard. GtntHoora (i.e. ‘ Fire thief’), Ceylon,
Layard.

Erase specimens 6. c. which are 7. paradisi. Add specimens
b. c. d. e. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor. In the refer-
ence to the J. A. S. Beng. it is vol. XVI. not XVII.

3h

183.

184.

186.

187.

189.

190.
192.
193.
195.

199.
201.

203.

204.

208.

212.
214.

CATALOGUE.

Genus Hemipus, add as syn. MytouestEs, Cabanis, Cat. Birds
Mus. Heine, p. 67 (1850).

. Addsyn. Myiolestes obscurus, Caban., Cat. B. Mus. Heine, p. 67.
. Add specimen c. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

. Add specimens e. f. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.
. Add as syn. Pericrocotus sordidus, Hodgs., Gray’s Zool. Mise.

(1844), p. 84. Erase the syn. and specimen P. affinis, 2,
(Horsf.) McClell., which is the ? of P. solaris, Blyth (vide
App. p. 393). Add specimens d. e. ¢. Assam. From McClel-
land’s Collection. g. g. Nepal (No. 947, Hodgs. Catal.).
Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

Add specimen g. h. 9. Assam (P. affinis, 3, McClell.). From
McClelland’s Collection.

Erase the syn. P. igneus, Blyth, which is a much sinaliae bird
than P. wanthogaster, the latter being 61 1in. long, wing 32 in.,
and tail 3 in.

Add specimens 6. c. ¢. Assam, d. ¢. Keddah. Presented by
Dr. Cantor.

Ditto c. d. e. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.
Ditto c. d. Nepal (No. 932, Hodgs. Cat.). Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

Type of the genus Sautoprocta, Cabanis, Cat. Birds Mus.
Heine, p. 57 (1850).

Add specimen 7. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Kunicu and Kat Koxaout, Sindh, Blyth.

Add specimen 6. Dacca. Presented by Captain R. C. Tytler.
c.d.e.f. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Add specimen 6. Java. From Dr. Horsfield’s Collection.

This belongs to the genus Lanius, and will stand as ZL. divari-
catus, Raffles.

Type of the genus Dissemurvs, Gloger (1842). Caban., Cat.
Birds Mus. Heine, p. 111. Add specimens e. f. Pinang.
Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Type of the genus TricHomEerorus, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus.
Heine, p. 112 (1851). In syn. Hdolius barbatus, add p. 34.
d. young. From Griffith’s Collection. e. Dacca. Presented

by Captain R. C. Tytler.

e. Specimen from China. Presented by John Reeves, Esq.

Transfer specimens A. B. to L. tephronotus. Add specimens
a.b.c. From Griffith’s Collection. Native name Larora
Prra Morrra, Blyth.

No

217.

218.

219.

220.
221.

222.
223.

225.

233.

236.

240.

241.

244.
247.

248.
250.
253.

254.

CATALOGUE. 419

B. ©. Specimens from Madras and Assam. e. Afghanistan.
From Griffith’s Collection.

z. Specimen from Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April, 1854.
Erase the syn. Lanius arenarius, Blyth, which is separated as
a species (vide App. p. 394).

e. f. g. h. Specimens from Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor,
April, 1854. Addas syn. ? Lanius ferox, Drapiez, Dict. Class.

Transfer this genus to Subfam Pariana (vide p. 375).

This is not Hur. anguitimens, Smith, but Hur. Rippelli, Bonap.,
Rev. Zool. (1853), p. 440; Hur. anguitimens apud Riipp.
Syst. Uebers, p. 23, t. 27, the true anguitimens being from
S. Africa.

h. Specimen from Dacca. Presented by Captain R. C. Tytler.

b. Ditto from Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, April,
1854.

Add as syn. Lhamnocataphus senilis, Tickell, J. A. 8S. Beng.
XVIII. p. 813. Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. Beng. App.
p. xxi. Add specimens d.e.f. ¢ 9. Nepal (No. 895, Hodgs.
Catal.). Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq., September, 1853.

Add specimens /. 7. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor. Syn.
Pycnonotus humeraloides, Lesson; Saxicola orientalis, Vieill. ;
Sylvia leucophea, Vieill.

Syn. Pycnonotus carbonarius, Less., Rev. Zool. (1841), p. 226:
N.B. It is doubtful whether this is C. fimbriatus, Temm. ; if
not, it will stand as C. silens, Tickell (1838). Erase the
specimen from Tenasserim, which is C. avensis, Blyth (vide
App. p. 394).

Genus Zesia (p. 179), add as syn. Anura, Hodgs. (1841).

Add syn. Pnoépyga (Lesia) concolor, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool.
Mise. (1844), p. 82; also add specimen e. (P. wnicolor,
Hodgs.) from Nepal.

Add syn. Pnoépyga (Tesia) pusilla, Hodgs. Gray’s Zool. Misc.
(1844) p. 82.

Add specimens ec. d.e. § 9. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Erase the native name Sintar, and also Rafiles’s specimen,
which is P. Boschi, Mill. et Schleg. (vide App. p. 398).

Add specimens B. C. D. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Add specimens B. C. D. E. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Erase specimen e. from Afghanistan, which is P. longirostris, .
Blyth (vide App. p. 400).

Add specimens C.D. ¢. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

420

No.

256.
258.
261.
267.
274.
OT.
285.
304.

307.
309.

a14.
315.

316.
318.
324.
325.
326.

327.
328.

329.

332.
334.
390.
336.

CATALOGUE.

Add specimen D. (young). Kumaon. From Capt. R. Strachey’s
Collection. Krisuzen Parrii, Nepal, Hodgson.

Type of the genus THamnoLma, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus. Heine,
p- 8 (1850).

Specimens of this bird were sent home by Mr. Blyth, under

the MSS. name of 7. hyperythrus.
Add specimens E. f. (young.) Darjeeling. From Pearson’s
Collection.
Ditto C. China. Presented by John Gould, Esq.
Erase the specimen from Madras, which is MZ. simillima, Jerd.
Add specimens fi g. f 9. Kumaon. From Capt. R. Strachey’s
Collection.
Add specimen B. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.
Ditto B. China.
Syn. Actinodura rufifrons, Hodgson, P. Z. 8. (1845), p. 24.
Transfer this genus to subfam. Paradoxornina (vide App-
p- 377).

Genus Sibia, add as syn. Mauactas, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus.
Heine, p. 113 (1851).

Add syn. Malacias capistratus, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus. Heine,
p- 113.

For Malacocircus, read Malacocereus. Add specimen B. Madras.
Presented by John Gould, Esq.
Add specimen C. Dukhun. Presented by Colonel Sykes.
Ditto e. Dacca. Presented by Captain R. C. Tytler.
Ditto c.d. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.
Ditto c.d. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.
Syn. ? Napothera pileata, Miller, Mus. Lugd. Bonap., C. G.
Ay. p. 359.

To syn. Napothera coronata, Mill., add Mus. Lugd. Bonap.,
C. G. Av. p. 358.

Syn. Napothera rubicauda, Mill., Mus. Lugd. Bonap., C. G.
Av. p. 359.

This is a species of T'richastoma, and will stand as Trichastoma

sepiaria, Horsf., Sp.

Genus Timalia, add as syn. Narvopus, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus.

Heine, p. 77 (1850).

Add syn. Napodes pileata, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus. Heine, p. 77.

Add specimens d. e. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.
Ditto d. ec. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Add specimen d. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

4 oS ee eee

No.
337.

339.

354.

355.
356.
359.
360.

361.

362.
367.

371.

372.

373.

374.

381.

385.

CATALOGUE. 421

Add specimens ec. d. ef. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.
Add syn. Formicivora gularis, Menetries, Mem. de 1’ Acad.
Imp. des Sci. de St. Petersb. I. p. 514; Myiothera gularis,
Voigt. das Thierr. I. p. 494.

Pyctorhis was published in 1844, Chrysomma in 1845 ; therefore,
this will stand as Prcroruis sinensis. Erase the syn. Pyc-
torhis rufifrons, which is a synonym of Actinodura Hgertont
(vide App. p. 408).

Type of the genus Orocompsa, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus. Heine,
p- 109 (1851). Syn. Lvos erythrotis, Bonap. Consp., Gen.
Ay. p. 265 (1850). Add Malayan variety (with a much
shorter subocular tuft of a deeper crimson colour). a. 0. ¢. d.
Pinang (Ja. erythrotis, Bonap.). Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Add specimen g. young. Dacca. Presented by Captain R.
C. Tytler.

Ditto e. young. Madras. From Wight’s Collection.
Ditto b. c. Shikarpore. From Griffith’s Collection.
Add syn. Otocompsa leucogenys, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus. Heine,

p- 109. |

Type of the genus Lorporusa, Reichenb. (1850). Cabanis,
Cat. B. Mus. Heine, p. 109. Add specimens ce. d. e. Pinang.
From Dr. Cantor’s Collection.

d. Malacca. From Griffith’s Collection.

Add syn. Otocompsa flavirictus, Spheres Cat. B. Mus. Heine,
p- 109.

Type of the genus SpHaatias, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus. Heine,
p- 110 (1851).

Zurp Busut, Beng. Dr. F. (B.) Hamilton, MS. II. p. 89.
PanarieA Kanapuara, Gorakpore. Ditto. Add specimen
d. Tenasserim. From Helfer’s Collection.

In syn. Malacopteron awreum, correct vol. XIV. to XVI. Add
specimens c. d. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

Type of the genus Prosrcusa, Reichenb. (1850). Cabanis,
Cat. B. Mus. Heine, p. 110. Add specimens d. e.f Malacea.
Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Add specimens d. e. f.g. h. 8 (adult et jun.). Malacca. Pre-
sented by Dr. Cantor. 7. 2 (?)

Syn. Pycnonotus rufocaudatus, Eyton, Ann. Nat. Hist. XVI.
p. 228.. Erase the syn. Jxos pheocephalus, Hartl., and Trich.
caniceps, Lafr.

This is considered distinct from the genus Criniger, lieing the

397.

398.

399.
400.

407.
408.
410.
415.
421.
423.
425.
428.

429.
430.

432.
4.49,

450.
451.

CATALOGUE.

type of the genus Tracnyrcomus, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus.
Heine, p. 109 (1851). Add specimens e. f Pinang. Pre-
sented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

. Add specimens ¢. d. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Ditto e. §. Afghanistan. From Griffith’s Collection.
d. Dacca. Presented by Captain R. C. Tytler.

This is not P. cochinchinensis, but P. cyanopogon, Temm. (vide
App. p. 410).

Add specimens D. jun. Java. (P. viridis, Horsf.).. From Dr.
Horsfield’s Collection. e. 9. Sumatra. (P. zosterops, Vig.).
From Sir T. S. Raffles’s Collection. f. g. 9. Malacca. Pre-
sented by Dr. Cantor, Muirpa-paun, Malays, Eyton.

Genus Yuhina, add as syn. OpontTERUs, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus.
Heine, p. 113 (1851).

Add syn. Odonterus gularis, Caban., Cat. B. Mus. Heine, p. 113.

Add syn. Odonterus occipitalis, Caban., Cat. B. Mus. Heine,
p- 113.

Add specimens d.e. 9. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.
Ditto g.h. 2. Malacca. Presented by Dr. Cantor.
Ditto e.f. & ¢. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.
Ditto e.f. &. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

For Malayensis read Malayana. }

Add specimens d.e.f. ¢ 2. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.
Ditto e.f-g. & 2. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Ditto ce. g@. S. India. Presented by the Asiatic So-
ciety of Bengal.
Ditto c. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.

This is Sylvia pammelina, Stanley, Tray. in Abyss., App. p. lix.
(1811). Lath. Gen. Hist. VII. p. 95; Saxicola melena,
Riipp., Faun. Abyss. t. 28, f. 2; Thamnobia melena, G. R.
Gray, Gen. of Birds, I. p. 185. Bonap., C. G. Av. p. 298.
Pentholea melena, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus. Heine, p. 40 (1850).
Jt will stand as PentHot@sa Pammetina, Stanley Sp.

Add specimen a. ¢. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor.

Genus Hypothymis, Boie, is distinct. This species will come
under the genus Eumytas, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus. Heine,
p- 53 (1850). Gutavcomyras, Cabanis, being co-equal. It
will stand as Humyias indigo, Horsf. Sp. _

This will stand as Hwmyias albicaudata, Jerd. Sp.

This will stand as Huwmyias melanops, Vigors Sp. Add as syn.
Glaucomyias melanops, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus. Heine, p. 53. -

No.

455.
461.
465.
4:70.
471.
ATA,
484.

492.

493.

507.
524.

538.
567.

577.
597.

598.
599.
600.
606.
607.

608.
673.

OATALOGUE. 423

Specimen ce. 3. Nepal (No. 419, Hodgs. Cat.). Presented
by B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
Ditto 0%. Nepal. Presented by B. H. Hodgson.

In note at bottom, for 140 read 142.

No. 404 Hodgs. Catal.

Nos. 403, 405 Hodgs. Catal.

Add specimens d. e. Assam. From McClelland’s Collection.

It is not certain whether this is swecica, Linn.; if not, it will
bear Hodgson’s name of swecicoides.

Add specimen #. Pinang. Presented by Dr. Cantor, 1854.

Genus Prinia, add as syn. Dasnocuaris, Cabanis, Cat. B.
Mus. Heine, p, 45 (1850).

Add syn. Daseocharis familiaris, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus. Heine,
p- 495.

Specimen b. c. Shikarpore. From Griffith’s Collection.

Ditto c. S. India. Presented by the Asiatic Society of
Bengal.

Genus Reguloides, add as syn. PyLLOBASILEUS, Cabanis, Cat.
B. Mus. Heine, p. 33.

Add syn. Phyllobasileus proregulus, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus.
Heine, p. 33.

Add syn. Anthus euonyx, Cabanis, Cat. Birds Mus. Heine, p. 14
(1850).

In the description, for atrogularis read Huttoni.

Type of the genus Macunonopuus, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus.
Heine, p. 91 (1850).

Add syn. Machlolophus spilinotus, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus. Heine,
p. 91.

Add syn. Machlolophus melanolophus, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus.
Heine, p. 91.

Add syn. Machlolophus rubidiventris, Cabanis, Cat. B. Mus.
Heine, p. 91.

This is separated from the genus Orifes, and forms the type of
the genus AaiTHALISoUS, Caban., Cat. B. Mus. Heine, p. 90
(1850). It will stand as Ayith. erythrocephalus, Vigors Sp.

This will stand as igithaliscus leucogenys, Moore Sp.

This will stand as igithaliscus (?) jouschistos, Hodgs. Sp.

This has been previously described as Ivos phaiocephalus,
Hartl., Rev. Zool. (1844) p. 401, and as Zrichophorus cani-
ceps, Lafr., Rev. Zool. (1845), p. 367. It will stand as
CRINIGER PHAIocEPHALDS, Hartl. Sp.

,

August 19th, 1854,

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INDEX

OF

NATIVE NAMES.

Aagas, (Arabic) hile p. 45
94

ABABEEL, Hind. 4, 107
ABALT, Hind. 96
ABBEKA, Hind. 279
ABLAK Pretrana, Nepal . 26
Axsvu Aazs, (Arabic) Mesop. 28
Azsvu Aqrs ABYETH, (Arab.)
Babylon . . 25
AxBu 7 PRYAYDI, (Arabic) id.,.6t
ADAGOOTA, (Arabic) Abyss. 35
ADAVEE SzrEpA, Telinga 219
Axtap, Malay 134
ALuLapP, Java : 15
—— Aap, Java 15, 39

— ALLAP GinsENG, Java 23

Artap Sart, Java . 13
AMDEYFIR AL Qatua, (Ara-
bic) Babylon 27

Amwrat Ka GuooenHoo, Hind. 78
ANGKAL-ANGKAL, Java . 29
ARRENG ARRENGAN, Java 198
As Kappri Gapoo, Telinga 113
ATMEJEH, (Arabic) Popeien 36

Aptat, Java . 268
AYAM "AYAMAN, Java 192
BaBEELA, Hind. : 107
Bacca Mzzna, Ceylon . . 115
Bacaua Tentua, Nepal 167
Basunaa, Sylhet . 158
Baxayanrt, Hind. ; 45
Bata, Bengal ; 53, 5d
Ban Burra, Masuri . 235, 254

Bane Kaxo, Sumatra . p. 123
BaAnta-BHOU, Bengal . 269
Bans-PuTTER, Bengal 85, 87
Barat Barat, Sumatra 87

Barovu Banov, ies 171, 253

Baswa, Hind. 36
BAsHEEN, Hind. 36
BasuHIn, Hind. ; 36
Bast (Arabic) Abyssinia 36.
Basra, Hind. . . 37
BATASStA, Bengal . 108
Baz, Hind. ; 41
K HANI, Hind. 41
BENTET, Java : ; . 164
BrRrepa Burone Lanin,
Sumatra . 155
Brrray Berray, Malay ut
Brsra, Hind. ket
Bussrr, Java . 851
BrADRAya, Nepal . . 167
Brausez, Bengal - 4d
BueErm, Hind. . 156
Burine Ras, Hind. . 156
BuucHanaa, Bengal . . 160
Buyregz, Hind. . ueke
Bacwa; Hind... «/ 17
Brana Kapoor, Sumatra . 274
Broo, Java ... ; . 49
Brnt1, Sumatra 129, 1380
ABANG, Sumatra 133
Brrippa, Sumatra

Brri Brat, Sumatra .
32

426

Buo-xKETupPa, Java
WATU, Java .
Bocurit, Java

BoiInG-DAN-THEY, ts

Bosunea, Hind.
Boxxren, Java
Box-wa, eee ;
Boorrr. CHOOREER, Hind:
Boro-PUTRINGA, mad:
Bres, Java .

Bresst, Java

Buxay- CHERA, Nepal
BuLaL Cuvsm, Hind.
BuLBuvut, Hind.

Burona ANTOO, Pinang
Brrv, Java .

— Caras, Malay

—— Kaka, Sumatra.
Lit, Sumatra.
— Map, Malay

Nipa, Malay

—— Patano, Sumatra .
—— Papa, Sumatra .
Prtow, Malay .
— Pupiné, Sumatra .
—— Saranea, Malay .
—— Sawen, Sumatra

—— Tampo Prnana, Sum.
-— Tawnan, Malay . 171,

—— —— Ripa, Malay

—— Tana.-uBan, Malay

— Upana, Sumatra
Usuu, Malay
Burra Puenea, Hind. .
Ca-Coorootia, Ceylon
Casrrr, Cabul ;
Caravy Cooroovt, Mal.
Cary Cooroovt, Mal.
CassraJ, Sylhet ..
CHABA, Java

Wonno, Java
Cuantuck, Bengal
CuanacHoor, Sumatra .
Cuaneoun, Hind.
Cuanwa, Hind.

— Musannmr, Hind.
CHANWI, Malay
Carry, Nepal .
CHATARRHEA, Bengal

INDEX
p. 67 | Curna, Scinde . p. 845
. %6 | Cuzet, Hind .-. >. oe
. 196 | CurEncueEstL, Hind. ; 223
258 | CHEFFIE, (Arabic) Abyss. es |
. 150 | Cuenta, Java . . 155
. 233 CuEncinatna, Java. . . 345
248 | CuEroya, Hind: 3. (. ee
415 | Currwa, Hind. .. . 24
87 | Cuonotx1 Latora, Hind. . 165
252 | CHICHOHAN, Java . 226
274 | Cuietnt; Java. . 5 » osm
90. | Cas Hinds. £. - 2» 490
140 | Cuincnuina GoLENG, Java,
240 245, 291
415 | Curnpa, Telinga . 2
130 | Curexa, Hand. . >) eee
266 | Curppucx, Hind. . . . @9
123 | Curro, Java ) 68
248 | Currra Goosa, Telinga . 70
225 | Cuiunc, Java... «2° ae
406 | Cook Doyat, Bengal . . 145
120°| CHoda, Bengal 3-2 ae
164 | CHooanp, Hind. 65, 68
76 Besrvuu, Hind.:- . >) 168
229 | —— Custat, Nepal. . . 70
112 | CHoonmar, Saharunp. . . 58
157 | Coota Guooauoo, Hind.. 79
121 Kat-PecHAK, Bengal 68
228 | —— Kusras, Gorakpore . 160
395 | —— Kuixia, Hind. 129
225 | —— Marcu-ranaa, Muss. 129
125 | -—— Puenea, Bengal 223
120 | Curet, Java 302
223 | Cutap, Malay . 256
267 | CuucHackK, Java . 243
10 | —— Gunune, Java . 245
275 IJU, Java 261
282 | -—— Rawa, Java 253
158 | —— vuRAnG, Java 132
114 | Cuupuxcxa, Bengal . 170
112 | Cuuna-mar, Hind. . . . 61
267 | CuuKDEEL, Saharunp. 145, 146
279 | Cuurntaxt, Nepal . setae
5 | Cuurxt, Beng. 290, 298
29 | Cony, Parbutties . . . 68
29 | CurcuTea, Bengal 168
157 | Custoora, Hills . 199
160 | Dama, Bengal 190
220 | Dapuent, Nepal . 415

OF NATIVE NAMES. 427

Danis, Java j

DasHarEE Pirta, ean

Dast-mMat, Hind.

Davy, Malay

Dawrt, Java

Dawovn, Malay

Dayat, Bengal

Dayyur, Hind.

Decuu, Java

Denis, ‘J AVA >.

Dist PAWwat, Hind.

Deyr, Hind. ‘

Duarrt, Hind.

Duartt, Hind.

DuHeRsEn, (Arabic) Babyl.

Duo,ia Cutt, Hindy::%

DuHoTeEsE, Hind.

Duoveu, Bengal .

Duoven, Bengal .

DuutER, ‘Nepal

DowuNnG-00-NKOUK, Arracan.

Dounetswon, Arracan .

DupHIYA Lavora, Hind.

DumsBvx, Cabul . .

Dumcuirri, Bengal .

Duet, Hind. .

D’zrr-Gwet, Arracan

Fatixsa Tovurix, Bengal .

Frrtcukuna, Sylhet

Finea, Bengal

Foomane, Cabul

FoorJBaJ, Saharunpore .

Fruz, Bengal

Ganeuat, Muttra

GaneuLar, Nepal

Gan Bazra, Hind.

GaAvza, Nepal ae

GuDAKEDE, ee) Abys-
sinia .

GEEDH, Hind.

Guaska Paurxt, Hind.

—— PITPITTEE, Hind.

GHOGHOYE, Hind.

GuooceHoo, Hind.

Gipu, Hind. #¥u

Ginr-HoorA, Ceylon .

Gir CHAoNDEEA, Hind.

GULATE-WINGKO, Java

GOGO-STITH, Java

Gomarita, Ceylon . . p. 353
Goopus, Mahrivx). 1. ui 74
GooprE Goons, (Arabic)
Abyssinia

Goomcan Mooryata,! “abr. 50
Goran, ands jee. 4 . 231
Govera, Canarese .. . 218
Gowa Srzpa, Telugu... 218
Guicnasm, Hind. . . « 281
GunpigeRa, Hind. . . . 812
GuprriaL, Bengal . . . . 123
GurprprRau, Hind. . . . 312
Guti-mar, Hind. .. . 34
Gyo-THIn, Arracan . . 13
HAAMEH, (Arabic) Babylon 72
HamBa Puya, Sumatra . 357
Hanta, Malay Sis .) ae
Hasaini BuLBUL, Hind. . 133
Mepo, Scinder.. wt ¢) es. 228
Hoamy, Cihimuaesg t) gaticatiat ts ak
Horna Cuin,: Doom). seul
Hova-ma, China... . 211
Hignu, Nepaleva... sso
Hunvu Cuit, Nepal. . . 73
Event, Tamuless).. corsets a 228
iMWogeriay, Hind... iit. (oases
Husaint Pipa, Hind. . 312

Huwa Buiput Kuncnya,

Saharunpore. . 107
Huzar Dusvay, 8. India . 156
JAKKI PeNncHA, Bengal . . 415
JAMAL Karina, Nepali in.ocdd
JARD-PILUCK, Bhagulpore . 269
JAwoutuM, Telugu... 18
JENIKU, Japan . . . . 100
Juss, Japan. isha 1raiohdd
JENWA, Japan . . . . 100
JHAGGAR, Hind. sai f. cer ad
JHAMP, Saharunpore . . 150
JILEI, Bhagulpore . . . 415
Jrvanwa, Hind. -: .- saris 34, 45
Tagen, Java ©. seein se . 261
JOKOWURU, Java .'. . . 53
d0@meBIz, Hand. .:. Jurcli' gave
doomr7z, Hind. Sie axwei4s
Jwecur, Himdsc-isnsaowreoeee

JUNGLEE GHooGHD, Hind. 68
JUNGLEE Kur, Hind. 217, 219
JuRYE, Nepal . nie) aaa

428 INDEX
Kasast, Bengal p. 174,177 | Kuuxusat, Hind. p. 65
KacHANGAN, Java . 87 | Kiunsuy, Bengal. 347, 349
Kacuer, Java. . . . . 279 | Kaurmourta, Hind. . 13
Kacuicut, Sumatra . . . 814 | Kavuxusat, Upp. Prov. 415
Kacuxacza Latora, Hind. 163 | Kuururex, (Arab.) Mesop. 89
Kana Korvuta, Ceylon . 243 | Kuurva, Nepal .
Kaine Katne Kimpa, Ma- KinK1na, Hind. 126
lay . : . 122 KiNnGKING, Java 345
KaJgaLa Lavora, Hind. . 164 Krrixauayve, Ceylon 267
Kata Buxput, Bengal . . 240 | Kisumn Rags, Bengal 158
Mata KurKvtta, Ben- Korna, Hind. . 18
gal... ote le Ads ee | Bae ied = x 56
Pipwa, Hind. . . . 285 | Kongens, Hind. . 18
Kater Pnoxta, Hind. . . 309 | Koxwna, Hind. * 55
Katera, Nepal. . . . . 156 | Koxo Bnuo, Java . 72
Katsanaa, Hind.. . . . 45 | Kosa, Hind. . i
Kat Koxacut, Scinde . . 418 | Konpa Korvtza, Ceylon . 240
Kauor KorroEeterya, Cey. 26 | —— Popa Piaut, Telugu . 246
Katone Wiwi, Java. . . 80 | —— Vanea Pannv, Telugu 269
Kat Prcuax, Bengal . . 69 | Kootur, Hind. fig 28
Kanpa Buxput, Sylhet. . 239 | Koreyanta Kinxrna, Hind. 131
Kanprra Busse, Hind. . 239 | Koronrea, Hind. 13
Kanepuara, Bengal. . . 242 Koreswor, Hind. 42
KAPAST, Hind. E . 29 | Korwat, Hind. 150
Kara Burst, ‘Bengal . . 239 | Kras, Malay . Lae
KAREYA, Hind, .. . . 415 | Ketsumy Parti1, Nepal 420
Karrxvna, Bengal . . .181 | Krisuna Ras, Bengal . . 158
Karnsganna, Nepal. . . . 28 Caura, Hind. 415
Karr-oneat, Mahr. . . . 156 | Krovurne, Malay . 274:
Katuta, Nepal. . . . . 89 | Kuxousir, Hind. 28
Karxati, Bengal . . . . 168 | KuxcHunri, Hind. 282
Katorta Precuax, Bengal. 65 | Kuuser, Doon . ’ 199
Kay Cuua, Malay . . . 883 | Kutta Kooravt, Tamul . 221
Kave,Dand. 25). 27.0219 | OLivan, Malayalum 221
Kersuer, Kumaon . 10, 414 | Kut-mooran, Hind. fi
KeEpopane, Java . . . . 271 | Kuna-quarr, "Malay 117
—— Suneu, Java . . .174 | Kuyicu, Scinde 418
Kerovia, Hind. 2.°) 2s 270 KuPassEn, Hind. 29
Kersu Ras, Bengal . . . 158 | Kupratt, Hind. 415
Kesya, Nepal . . . . . 158 | Kurrowrta, Hind. 13
Kerex, Java . . . . . 178 | Kuswanpra, Punjab . 24.2
Kerian, Java. 241 | KusHantra, Punjab. 24.2
KrrompoRaTaNapys, “Malay 76 | Kwarayn, Malay 401
Keye, Hind. (fort) shea Pea, Malay 249
Kuarya, Nepal Silt. soa LEMMERGEYER, Swiss 10
KHEMANKARI, Sanse. . . 58 | Lagesr, Hind. 21
Kuene-poop, Arracan . . 69 | Latta, Scinde . ‘ 22:3
KHER Guvsa, Bhagulpore 324 | Laxr "ANSIN, Passumahs 17
KHER Kuerra, Tickell . 168 | Laxxt, Bengal . 415

OF NATIVE NAMES.

Lat-Garvi, Bengal . p.3802
Lat-mMata Suvuxunt, Beng. 2
Lanoua Lancua, Sumatra 357

Lane Bonpotn, Sumatra . 58
—— Laut, Sumatra. . . 56
—— Tampikar, Sumatra . 33
LARRI-ANGON, Java 330
Larwa, Java . 279
Latora, Hind. 165

Larrya Cupyat, N epal . 71

Lay Kuya, Arracan : 285
LAYoNnG Lavon, Sumatra . 100
Pewee, Java tesast corn 100
ILetsupa; Hind. *. . . . 94
Bae Piye, dave ed ic As oscea Tk
Leneta, Arracan . . .. 9§
LENJETTAN, Java . 175
Lertt Lerri, Sumatra 300
Lincal, Java gio S med
Luaeapoo, Telugu . . . 21
Brecon; Bind § 2) !. s2\ar at
Maat, Mahratta . 186
Macureyicua, Hind. . 196
Mapuava, Nepal. . . . 64
Mannuyas, Hind. y.id37 24) 68
Manau Duon, Mahratta . 4
Maan Poyman, Malay 123
Mau Piuir Hupva, Ceylon 129
MaAm-PALLA-coorooyvl, Mal. . 267
Manatee, Malayalum 146
Manik Bazra, Hind. .. 42
Matcuaranc, Nepal . 53, 5
Mart-Cuit, Bengal. . . . 28
Marcu Korot, Bengal . . 55

MANGA, “Hind. D8, 0D

MOROL, Bengal . . . 53

RANGA, Bengal . 129
MENINTING, Java . 130

Watu, Java 130
Muamoota, Hind. ‘ 348
Muorunean, Hind. . . . 46
Muorunces, Hind. . . . 46
Mina, Nepal 366
Mira Jasone, Malay 134
Mirza Davy, Malay 422
MIRBA TANDO, Malay ... 249
Mo-NA-GYEE, Artacan oy 6 tee
Moorat, Sumatra .. a) 42.) 2 See

429

Moorat KaAnpanec, Sum. p. 144
Kicnow, Sumatra . . 278
Mortua Puanno, Malay . 185
Mucuarera, Hind. . . . 53

Mucuasau, Bengal 491
Mucuert Bacau, Doon . 132
MucuuruHarga, Hind. . 146
Mutita Gipw, Hinds. . . 2
Mutpatur, Canarese. . . 51
Mourasuta, Malay . 279
Mourasino, Mussulmen . 161
MusaricHes, Hind. . dd04
Mutcuasses, Bengal . 304
Myat-neon, Arracan . 183

LOO-NGHET, Arracan . 401
NaAc-THA-CHOP-FOU, Siam . 127
Naxvti, Bengal . 1 <CiLge
NANCE CHURA, Doon 364
NARDUNAH, Scinde .. . 13

Nazart-NAZARANAH, Hind. 13
Nee. Kunrues, Hind. .
Newar, Nepalis 2 20. 2°83

Neet Dan, Arracan . 156, 159
Rawat, Arracan 393
—— MENG-THA, Arracan 143
—— MENG-THA-ME, Arracan 141
—— pyA-zAK, Arracan . . 273
—— TsIN, Arracan . 258
wa, Arracan . 269
Nit-KatKatea, Bengal . . 293
NILAN, Java. 291
—— Puinea, Bengal 153
Niurau, Nepal . 285
Wor-Hoik, Siam’. 2 5-5. 76
Novu-rune, Hind. . . . . 184
O68008;. Binds! 3 2... sks GS
Oo oo, Hind. d 65, 78
Ooman, Malabar . . . . 73
Oor CHITLEE, Canarese . . 37
Opror Opior, Java 263
PAHARIGA KAaNGDHARA, Go-
rakpore . 421
PAHARIYAMASAICHA, Bengal 197
Pauarat, Hinds... 2528
PAMPANG, Malay . 228
Panpoo, Mahratta. . 186

Pannouvi, Hmd> < 2050 Das
Parian .Cuit, Hind...) . Sl

430

Pareyo, Bengal

_ Patra, Nepal
PawseEH, Mahratta
PECHANUK, Hind. .
PeppA, Telinga
PEEBECK, Hind.
PrEENGLAH, Mahr. .
Pencya Marna, Hind.

Pari Buta Cuusm, Hind.

Buevt, Hind. .
Basunea, Hind.

PHATKA MaATcHRANGA, Beng.

Purrira, Bengal
Puutxt,. Hind.
Pipua, Hind.
Pitxya, Hind. .
Pituc, Mussulmen
ZURDUKE, Plains
Pirik, Java . :
Prroua, Gorakpore
Pospvuya, Bengal .
Popa Piewt, Hind.
PoprEna, Hind. .
PoxicutA, Ceylon .
PRINYA, z ava

Punvi J ITTA, Telugu
PUNGLOR, Java .

Puntine Atov, Sumatra
PurnHir Cutts, Bengal .

Putrines, Hind. :
Purra Druu, Hind. .

PyA-Too-NGHET, Arracan

Quayanc, Malay .

QWYAI-MYEE-TSHWAI, Arrac.
RACHAMAH, (Arabic) Abyss.

RADDEHOORA, Ceylon
Rat, Nepal. . :
Suea, Nepal.
RAJALEE, Tamul | .
Rasa-waut, Malay
Wuopan, Malay
Ras Ginn, Bhagulpore

RAMGAUNGRA, Bengal
RAWIL Kuny, Hind.
Rocy2ME, (Arabic)
Rope Rove, Malay
Rueait, Hind.

Socon, Bhagulpore .

INDEX

p. 90 | Ru-maparik, Hind. p- 68
. 318 | Sascnur, Bengal .... 4.1. 908

272 | SapA Buk MartcHRANGA,
165 Bengal. 4..:0: . eee
219 | Sapa, Hind... 2.1.0.
272 | SaHELeE, Himalaya 140, 143
65.) Sama, Siam. ..ae. Sue
220. | Sanwa, Telugu .: . «214 3250
142 | SaMBeR GALENG, Java . . 110
239 | SAmp-mar, Hind. . 51, 56
154 | SANG-SAGANG, Sumatra . . 114
131 | Sanka Cutt, Hind. . . . 958
302 | SAp-MARILO, Bengal . . . O1
321 | Sarone Burone ot Shee 100
285 | Sar-smEg, (Arabic) Mesop. 271
352. | Sav Baar, Hind. 220 Rae
351 | ScHAcH, hens . a
269 | SeEap Bexane, Pinang 15, 414
88 | Seepa, Telugu. . . s % Bal
269 | SeLo-PutTo, Java . .. . 84
206. | Samurran, Java - <;.7) ee
243 | Sepone Rayars, Malay . 268
333. | SERaRA, Malay >)... 49.868
275 | Seray Seray, Malay . . 369
320 | SeRRAK, Malay . . . . 81
403 | SHan-Baz, Hind. 34, 41
183 | —— Butput, Hind... . . 133
270 | —— Duma, Hind . . . 403
293 | SHaHEEN, Hind. .. . . 18
85 | Swann, (Arabic) Babylon . 18
108 Sox1 Karr... 140,143
90 | SHAHUTELA, Hind. ./.. 4. 64
274 | Sama, Bengal. . . ... 279
150. | Saaman, Hind, .-... 2. Gee
7.| Suanuu, China .* . 94, BO?
133 | SurKra, Hind. . oa
118 | SHow Buescer, Hind. . . 267
119 BuucaH, Hind. .—. 267
46 | SHuxar Dump, Hind. . . 231
69 | SHum Suan, Bengal . . . 184
129 | Srpya, Nepal . ..-.: = Seas
2°| Srpa,. Telugu . <i::47 Gaye
2.\ Sicso, Malay .. >. sheaf aoe
370 | Stxar Lane, Sumatra ... 17
901 | SIKATTAN, Java... . 144
7 | Simpetone Rat, Malay . 268
353 | Suntar, Sumatra . . . . 398
357 | Sipani Butput, Bengal . . 239

OF NATIVE
Srpuya, Nepal . p. 293
Soxunr, Mongopore . . . 2
Soonpa, Scinde. . ... 7
Sooners, Scinde . . .-. 7
SRI-GUNTING, Java 152
STRIEE, Java 401
SUFID SRA, Hind. 28
SULTANA BuLBut, Hind. 133
Sutz Hariwa, Nepal . 258
Sunya Cusya, Nepal 70
SurRKHPusTAH, Cabul 23
SutHora, Nepal 378
Surya, Nepal 325
Syama, Nepal 63
Symmya, Nepal . 182

Ts Amora ALAKA, (Arabic

Abyssinia 22
TapAK WHOGAN, Malay 120
TaFFika, Bengal 267
Taxkko, Hind. 330
Tau Cuatak, Bengal . 161

Cuutta, Bengal 108
TAMPALANO, Sumatra . 120
TAMPLANA LiLIn, Sumatra . 116

QILIN . ay)
Tana, Malay 225
Tarmati, Hind. 24
TrEA, Scinde 26
weepook, Arracan, ~ .° 0° 7.78
Teresa, Hind. . 40
TrE-sEE, Nepal . 179
TENGKE, Java 127

BUTO, Java 123
—— CHEGER, Java 127

SUMBO, Java . 126

URANG, Java. 127

WATU, Java . 122
Trentoa, Nepal . 170
Trentuaca, Nepal . 170
THABEITGYEE, Arracan 275
THarcapni, Nepal 303
THARKAVI GHooGcHD, Nepal 71
Tuin-KyYA, Arracan 26
THINKYET-MA, Arracan 39
THIRT-HIRA, Hind. 302

NAMES.

TuirtHir Kump, Plains . p.

TicKTICKEE, Mussulmen .

Tickra, Bengal

Tika Baur, Hind.

Tintat Bag, Bengal

Tione-ALou, Sumatra

—— Batu, Sumatra .

—— Lampane, Malay

Tisa, Hind. . :

True Apt, Sumatra F

TonKAPEEGEELEE Pitta, Tel.

Toomrra, Hind.

Touxt Buxsut, Bengal

Tunna, Nepal .

Tuntunt, Bengal

TuroomtTes, Hind.

TURRA, Hind.

TSAM-RENG-KYA, Arracan

TSHELVET, (Arabic) Abyss. .

Tswon-BOP, Arracan .

GOUNGPHYOO, Arracan

VAISHTAPA Dyaca, Telugu .

VERREE CHEENDA, Telugu

Usuu, Malay

ULune, Java

Ureoot, Masuri

Urvum, Bengal .

Uwis, Java . Pte

WaHAtana, Ceylon .

WALKONDALATEE, Tamul

Woxuap, Hind.

Won tet, Arracan .

Wonto, Arracan

Wowo Wiwt, Java

Wuttoor, Tamul .

Woru-Rawa, Java :

YELLOS, (Arabic) Abyssinia

YPEPELLAGHA, (Arabic) Ba-
bylonS<". ‘ ats

Yuutn, Nepal

ZERD Furxt, Bengal .

AZIBITAKI, Japan

ZUKKEE, Hind. .

ZuRcHA, Cabul .

Zurpd Busut, Bengal

B06 Leak, er isis

ra Pesan 1A, FARES hs

te :
> he... x a

ine tas ede
ms pr an Pilate

—> ar

oe. ar

:

INDEX

OF

GENERIC NAMES.

Abrornis, Hodgson
Acanthylis, Bote .
Accentor, Bechstein
Accipiter, Brisson
Acis, Lesson .
Acredula, Koch

Acrocephalus, Vawmann .

Actinodura, Gould

Aigithaliscus, Cabanis )

Zkgypius, Savigny
Agypius, Kaup
fisalon, Kaup
Aétos, Ni itz

Agrodroma, Swainson

Ajax, Lesson .
Alcedo, Linné

Alcemerops, ts Geoffroy
. 226, 406

Alcippe, Blyth
Alcopus, Hodgson
Alcurus, Hodgson

Allotrius, Temminck .

Aluco, Fleming
Ampelis, Linn.
Anorthura, Rennie
Anthus, Bechst.
Anura, Hodgson .
Apiaster, Briss.
Apus, Scopolt .
Aquila, Wehring .

Archibuteo, Brehm.

Arrenga, Lesson
Artamus, Vieillot .
Arundina, Llyth

p. 338, 412
Pas EY

358

Asio, Briss.

Astur, Lacepede
Athene, Bove
Aviceda, Swans. .
Bahila, Hodgson
Bainopus, Hodgson
Batis, Bote

oe

4]
64
62
363
287
135

Batrachostomus, Conse ‘yee 387

Bathyrhynchus, WeClelland 376

Baza, Hodgson
Bessonornis, Smith
Bhringa, Hodgson

Biblis, Lesson
Blagrus, Blyth
Bombycilla, Briss.

Bombyciphora, Meyer
Bombycistomus, Hay .
Bombycivora, Zemm. .

Brachyotus, Gould
Brachypodius, Blyth
Brachypus, Swains.

Brachypteryx, Horsf.
Brachyurus, Thunberg .
Bradybates, G. R. Gray
Bradypterus, Hodgson

Bubo, Sibbald
Bucia, Hodgson
Bulaca, Hodgson .

Busarellus, Lafresnaye

Butaquilla, Hodgson
Butastur, Hodgson
Buteo, Cuvier

3k

62
189

149, 159
Bhuchanga, Hodgson .

149.
94.
55

389

389

Lib

238

178, 397

181
395

434

Buteogallus, Lesson
Calamodyta, Meyer
Calamoherpe, Boie
Callene, Blyth
Calliope, Gould
Calobates, Kaup ;
Calyptomena, Raffles .
Campephaga, Veil.
Caprimulgus, Linn.
Carine, Kaup
Ceblepyris, Cuvier
Cecropis, Bote
Cerchneis, Bote
Cercotrichas, Bote
Ceryle, Bote

Ceyx, Lacep. .

Chemarrhornis, Hodgson .

Cheetoblemma, Swains.
Chaétornis, G. 2. Gray
Cheetura, Stephens
Chaitaris, Hodgson

Chaptia, Hodgson, 149, 159,

Chelidon, Boie
Chelidorynx, val odgson
Chibia, Hodgson
Chleuasicus, Blyth

Chloropsis, Jard. et Selby .

Chrysomma, Hodgson .

Cichlops, Hodgson
Cilathora, Hodgson
Cinclidia, Gould
Cinclidium, Blyth .
Cinclosoma, Vigors
Cinclus, Bechst.
Circaétus, Vieill.
Circus, Lacep.
Cisticola, Lesson .
Cochoa, Hodgson .
Colaris, Cuvier

Collocalia, G. R. Gray y

Collurio, Vigors
Cometes, Hodgson
Conostoma, fTodgson
Copsychus, Wagler
Corydalla, Vigors
Corydon, Lesson
Corythornis, Kaup
Cossypha, Vigors .
Cotyle, Bote

INDEX
ie 60 | Crataionyx, Hyton p. 369
331 | Crateropus, Swains. 214
334 | Creurgus, Hodgson . . 169
396 | Criniger, Temm. . . 251, 410
313 | Crossodera, Gould. . 116
349 | Cryptolopha, Swains. . 147
. 120 | Culicipeta, Blyth . 341
. 176, 394 | Cultrunguis, Hodgson. . 76
. 112, 388 | Cuncuma, Hodgson . . 59
. 64 | Curruca, Briss. 344
176 | Cutia, Hodgson 227
91 | Cyanecula, Brehm. 311.
2 | Cyanistes, Kaup 368
275 | Cyanoptila, Blyth . 291
. . 1381 | Cimbirhynchus, Vigors 119
. 132, 391 | Cyornis, Blyth 289
300 | Cypselus, Zlliger . . 106, 385
169 | Dacelo, Leach : 122
330 | Dedalion, Sav... 9 Seen
111 | Dahila, Hodgson . 275
287 | Dandalus, Bove 298
393 | Daseocharis, Cabanis . 423
384 | Decurus, Hodgson . 325
147 | Delichon, (Hodgs.) Moore . 384
. 149,157 | Dendrochelidon, Bove . 110
378 | Dendrofalco, G. R. Gray . 22
257 | Dendronanthus, Blyth 353
230, 408 | Dentiger, Hodgson . . 57
. 353 | Dicrurus, Veedll. 149
231 | Digenea, Hodgson 293
224 | Dimorpha, Hodgson 293
396 | Dissemurus, Gloger 418
214 | Drymocataphus, Blyth 396
185 | Drymoica, Swains. 327
51 | Dryoscopus, Bote . 173
25 | Dumetia, Blyth 403
324 | Dumeticola, Blyth 334
389 | Edela, Lesson” . ge Sa
121 | Edolius, Cuvier . 149, 155
98 | Elanus, Sav... . -¢ ..
162 | Enicurus, Zemm. . . oko
149 | Enneoctonus, Boie . 167, 394
377 | Entomophila, Leach 193
275 | Entomothera, Horsfield 123
353 | Ephialtes, Keys. et Blasius. 69
116 | Erolla, Lesson . :
128 | Erpornis, Hodgson 932
189 | Erucivora, Swarms. 175
94 | Erythaca, Swains. 998

OF GENERIC NAMES.

Erythacus, Zinn... . p. 298
Erythropus, Brehm. Sigal |
Erythrosterna, Bonap. 297, 412
Etoglaux, Hodgson Sou
Eumyias, Cabanis . 422
Eupetes, Z’emm. 395
Kurocephalus, Smith 169
Eurylaimus, Horsf 116
Eurystomus, Vievll. 121
Falco, Linn. . 16
Falcula, Hodgson . 12
Falecunculus, Veil. 375
Ficedula, Briss. 298
Ficedula, Bove 300
Fruticicola, MecGillivr ay 284
Furcaria, Lesson . 363
Gampsorhynchus, Blyth 171
Garrulax, Lesson . 200
Garrulaxis, Lafr. . . 200
Geocichla, Kuhl. . 189, 400
Glaucomyias, Cabanis . 422
Glaucopteryx, Kaup 25
Glaux, Blyth. . 81
Goldana, G. R. Gray 178
Grandala, Hodgson 281
Graucalus, Cuv. 173
Gryllivora, Swains. 275
Gypaétos, Storr. 2)
Gyps, Sav. 3
Hematornis, Vigors 49
Hematornis, Swains. . 238
Halcyon, Swains. . 123
Haliaétus, Sav. 05
Haliastur, Selby . . 57
Hapolophus, G. A. Gray 173
Harpygia, Spiz. 32
Heleornis, Hodgson 181
Heliapteyx, Swains. 72
Hemiaétus, Hodgson . 48
Hemiprocne, Vitz. TLE
Hemichelidon, Hodgson 137
Hemigyps, Hodgson 2
Hemipteron, Hodgson 224
Hemipus, Hodgson 136
Hemirhynchus, Hodgson 378
Hemixos, Hodgson 250
Heteropus, Hodgson 381
Herse, Lesson « pA!
Heterophasia, Blyth 216

435

Heteromorpha, Hodgson yp. 376
Heterornis, Hodgson . 227
Hieraspiza, Kaup 35
Hierax, Vigors 15
Hieraétus, Kaup . . 43
Hirundapus, Hodgson . It!
Hirundo, Linn. 91, 384
Hodgsonius, Bonap. 395
Horeites, Hodgson 322
Horornis, Hodgson 3395
Huhu, Hodgson 72
Hybris, Viéz. : 81
Hydrobata, Vierll. 185
Hydroictinia, Kaup 30
Hypothymis, Bote 291
Hypotriorchis, Bove 22
Hypsipetes, Vigors 254
Hyptiopus, Hodgson 62
Tantha, Blyth 299
Tanthocincla, Gould 200
Ichthyaétus, Lafr. 52
Ictinaétus, Kaup 57
Ictinaétus, Jerdon 381
Terax, Leach . 35
Tole, Blyth 254
Tora, Horsfield 265
Irena, Horsfield 273
Ispida, Swans. 131
Ispidina, Kaup 128
Ixidia, Blyth . 247
Ixocincla, Blyth 254
Ixocossyphus, Kaup. . 194
Ixodia, Blyth . 247

Ixops, Hodgson . . . 212

Ixos, Temm. . ais OS
Ixulus, Hodgson . 262, 411
Keropia, G. R. Gray . . 209
Keroula, J. #. Gray . 169
Ketupa, Lesson 76
Kittacincla, Gould 279
Lalage, Boie . 175, 395
Lanius, Linn. otic seksi Mages
Larvivora, Hodgson 310
Leimoniptera, Kaup 353
Leiocincla, Blyth . 212
Leiothrix, Swains. - 363
Lepidogenys, J. H. Gray . 62
Leptopteryx, Horsfield 160

Leucocerca, Swains.

45.6 INDEX

Leucospiza, Kaup p. 41 | Myiophaga, Less. . p.
Limnaétus, Vigors 32 | Myiophonus, Zemm. ‘
Loedorusa, Reichenbach 421 | Myzornis, Hodgson ;
Lophastur, Blyth. 62 | Napodes, Cabanis ;
Lophophanes, Kaup 368 | Napophila, Hodgson :
Lophospiza, Kaup 41 | Nemura, Hodgson :
Lophotes, Lesson . 62 | Neophron, Sav. ‘
Lyncornis, Gould ‘ 388 | Neopus, Hodgson . ;
Machlolophus, Cabanis 423 | Neornis, Hodgson .
Macronus, Jard. et Selby 225 | Niltava, Hodgson
Macronyx, Swains. 358 | Ninox, Hodgson
Macropterus, Swains. . 110 | Nisaétus, Hodgson
Macropteryx, Swans. 110 | Nisastur, Blyth

Malacias, Cabanis 420 | Nisus, Cun.

Malacocercus, Swazns. 217 Nivicola, Hodgson
Malacocincla, Blyth 226 Nyctalops, Wagler.
Malacopteron, Hyton . 225 | Nyctichelidon, Rennie. .
Mecistura, Leach... 373 | Nyctiornis, Swains. 89,
Megalurus, Horsfield . 330 | Nyctipetes, Swains. :
Melanochlora, Zess. 369 | Noctua, Sav...
Melisseus, Hodgson 149 | Ochromela, Blyth .
Melierax, G. R. Gray . 40 | Ocypterus, Cuw.
Melittophagus, Bove 89 | Odonterus, Cabanis
Melodes, Keys. e¢ Blas. . 313 | CGinanthe, Vieill. .
Merula, Leach . 196, 401 | Oligura, Hodgson .
Merops, Linn. . 84 | Onychaétus, Kaup

Mesia, Hodgson 363 | Oreas, Zemm. one ae
Meseidus, Hodgson 82 | Oreocincla, Gould. . 192,
Mesomorpha, Hodgson 72 | Oriolus, Zinn. » ee
Micronisus, G. 2. Gray 38 | Orites, Wehring ;
Micropus, Meyer et Wolf’ . 106 | Orocetes, G. R. Gray .
Micropus, Swains. . . 249 | Orthorhinus, Blyth
Microscelis, G. 2. Gray 249 | Orthotomus, Horsfield
Microtarsus, Lyton . 248, 409 | Otocompsa, Cabanis
Microura, Gould . 180 | Otogyps, G. R. Gray .
Milvus, Cuv. . 30 | Otus, Cw. ‘
Minla, Hodgson 363 | Pachycephala, Swains.
Mixornis, Hodgson 229 | Peeciloptornis, Kaup
Monticola, Love 185 | Pallene, Lesson

Motacilla, Zinn. .. 347 | Pallenura, Bonap.
Muscicapa, Linn. . 133 | Pallestre, Lesson .
Muscicapula, Blyth 295 | Paludicola, Hodgson
Muscipeta, ‘Cuv. 2 133 | Pandicilla, Blyth .
Muscisylvia, Hodgson . 280 | Pandion, Sav. ;
Muscylva, Lesson 144 | Panychistes, Kaup
Mycophaga, Lesson . . 192 | Paradoxornis, Gould
Myiagra, Vigors et Horsfield 138 | Parisoma, Swains.
Myioletes, Cabanis . 418 | Parus, Linn.

Myiomela, Hodyson 280 | Pellorneum, Siwains.

OF GENERIC NAMES. 437

Pentholea, Cabanis . yp. 422 , Pyctorhis, Hodgson p. 230, -
Percnopterus, Ow. . . 6 | Pygargus, Koch.

Pericrocotus, Bote . 139,393 | Raya, Hodgson . . . er
Pernis, Cur. . . . ~~. £63 | Reguloides, Blyth. . . 342
Petrocincla, Vigors . 185, 400 Rhipidura, Vig. et Horsf. . 144
Petrocossyphus, Boie . . 185 | Rubecula, Briss . . . 298
Petrophila, Swains. . . 188 | Rubetra,G. &. Gray . . 284
Whene, Saw... gas) Ms 9 | Rubigula, Blyth . . . 238
Philentoma, Eyton . . 392 | Ruticilla, Brehtm . . . 300
Pheenicornis, Bote . . 139 | Sauloprocta, Cabanis . . 418
Pheenicura, Swains. . . 300 | Saxicola, Bechst. . . .. 287
Pholidus, Geof. . . . 80 | Saxicoloides, Lesson . . 281
Phoneus, Kaup . . 167 | Scelospiza, Kaup . . >. 38
Phragmaticola, Blyth . peal | Seopa, Sav, .; do een ee
Phyllobasileus, Cabanis . 423 Scotiaptex, Swains. . . 82
Phyllopneuste, Mey. et Wolf. 335 | Serilophus, Swains. . . 116
Phyllornis, Boie . . 257,410 | Setaria, Blyth wuts ache
Phylloscopus, Bote . . 336 | Sibia, Hodgson . |
Pipastes, Kaup . . . 353 | Simornis, Hodgson . . 116
Pitta, Vierll. -.\. 184):898 |-Simus, Hodgson. © won HG
Platyrhynchus, Vieill. ~. 116 Siphia, Hodgson . . . 293
Platysteira, Jard. et Selby . 135 | Siva, Hodgson . . . 363
Plumipeda, (em. ; 32 | Spermolegus, Kaup . . 358
Pnoépyga, Hodgson . 180, 398 | Sphagias, Cabanis ware Bae
Pecile, Kaup. . . . 3868 | Spilocircus, Kaup ctv’
Pecilornis, Kaup. . . 12 | Spilornis,G. R. Gray. . 49
Polihierax, Kaup foe eG Spipela; Leach © ss). fo, S08
Polioaétus, Kawp ahr.) p-Oe. |. Spizaciveus: Maup ye. 2.9 eo
Poliornis, Kaup . . . 40 | Spizaétus, Viel. . . 32, 381
Polyodon, Hodgson . . 261 | Spizastur, Lesson. . . 32
Polypeira, Hodgson . . 275 | Spizixos, Blyth . . . 251
Polypteryx, Hodgson. . 1 | Stachyris, Hodgson . 231, 409
Pomatorhinus, Horsfield . 233 | Stoparola, Blyth . . . 291
Pomatorhynchus, Boie . 233 | Stridula, Selys . . . 81
Pontoaétus, Kaup. . . 59 | Strigiceps, Lonap. Se eee
Pratincola, Koch... . . 284 | Strix, Linn. oe UpO ek Re
Prepopterus, Hodgson . 149 | Suthora, Hodgson oy: ee aaS
Prinia, Horsfield . . . 320 | Sutoria, Vicholson ati eae, One
Prosecusa, Reichenb. . . 421 | Suya, Hodgson . . . 325
Prosorinia, Hodgson . . 389 | Sylvania, Blyth . . . 395
Prunella, Viel. . . . 3858 | Sylvia, Latham . . . 344
Psarisomus, Swains. . 116 | Sylviparus, Burton . . 373
Psaropholus, Jard. et Selby 268 \" Syma, Lessor... 6 oe ES
Pteroaétus, Kaup . . .43 | Synornis, Hodgson . . 297
Pterocyclus, G,, Gray .@206 | Syrmium, Sav). % 22 ee
Ptetarm, Kawp . . . »32.|Tachornis, Gosse. . . 106
Pteruthius, Swains. . . 172 | Tachyspiza, Kaup ig eee
Ptynx, Blyth bao OE 82 | Tanysiptera, Vigors . . 122

Pycnonotus, Kuhl. : 238, 409 | Tarsiger, Hodgson NER ce ek O

438 INDEX OF GENERIC NAMES.

Tchitrea, Less. p. 133, 391
Temnoris, Hodgson 378
Tenthaca, Hodgson 169
Tephrodornis, Swains. 169
Tesia, Hodgson 179
Thamnobia, Swains. 281
Thamnolea, Cabanis . 420
Tharrhaleus, Kaup 358
Tichornis, Kaup . 12
Timalia, Horsfield 227
Timixos, Blyth 363
Tinnunculus, Viel. 12
Todiramphus, Less. 390
Tolmaétus, Blyth . 45
Trachycomus, Cabanis 422
Tribura, Hodgson 235
Trichas, Gloger 252
Trichastoma, Blyth 405
Trichometopus, Cabanis 418
Trichophorus, Zemm, . 251
Trichixos, Lesson 404

Trochalopteron, Hodgs. P. 210, 403.
181

Troglodytes, Vieill.
Turdinus, Blyth
Turdirostris, Hay
Turdoides, Zemm.
Turdus, Linn. are
Turnagra, Lesson
Vitiflora, Leach
Volvocivora, Hodgson.
Vultur, Wehr.

Ulula, Cu.

Uroaétus, Kaup
Urospiza, Kaup
Urrua, Hodgson . .
Xiphirhynchus, Blyth .
Xiphorhamphus, blyth
Yuhina, Hodgson
Zanthopygia, Blyth
Zoothera, Vigors ..
Zosterops, Vig. et Horsf.

225
404
238

194, 401

209
287
176
1
82
43
35
72
238
238
261
283
192
263

INDEX

OF

SPECIFIC NAMES.

Abbotti, Blyth, Malacocincla. p. 405

Abdominalis, Wagl., Pitta .
Abellei, Zess., Garrulax .
Abornis, Hodgs., Malacocercus
Abyssinica, Guer., Hirundo .
Acrorhynchus, Vigors, Oriolus
Acutirostris, Eyton, Brachy pteryx
Adansonii, Levaill., Merops .
Aigyptius, Temm., Vultur .
Forsk, Merops °
JEmodium, Hodgs., Conostoma
fEneus, Vieill., Dicrurus
/Enobarbus, Toca Allotrius
AGratus, Steph., Dicrurus .
AGruginosus, Linn., Falco.
Zésalon, Gmel., Falco
ZEstigma, Hodgs., Muscicapa
A&thiopicus, Vieill., Telephorus
Afer, Lichst., Corvus

Affinis, Hodgs., Accipiter

— J. E. Gray, Cypselus
Hforsf., Caprimulgus
Hay, Tchitrea

—— Blyth, Dicrurus the
Horsf., Myiothera. .
—— Blyth, Petrocincla. -.
‘Hodgs., Garrulax .
Hodgs., Salicaria

—— Blyth, Phyllopneuste

McCleil., Phoenicornis . : 141,

e

—— (Hodgs.) Moore, Abrornis .

Blyth, Alcippe
Africana, Temm., Strix .
Agilis, Nicholson, Sutoria
Sykes, Anthus
Agricola, Jerd., Sylvia
Alaudarius, Briss., Accipiter
Alba, Linn., Motacilla . .
Albescens, Less., Circus
Albicans, Riipp., Falco .

184

Albicollis, Royle, Turdus
Horsf., Pomatorhinus .
Albidus, Gmel., Falco . .
Cuv., Falco

Albifrons, J. E. Gray, Garrulax
Brandt, Phoenicura a8 cask
Albigula, Hodgs., Rhipidura. .
Hodgs., Cinclosoma ‘
Albipes, Hodgs.,Cuncuma . .
Albirictus, Hodgs., Bhuchanga .
Albiventer, Hodgs., Tesia .
Albocinctus, Royle, Turdus .
Albogularis, Tickell, Spizaétus
Less., Muscylva

Gould, Ianthocincla
— Blyth, Dimorpha .
—— (Hodgs.) Moore, Abrornis .
—— Blyth, Geocichla . . .
Blyth, Malacocercus
Albofrontata, Franki., Rhipidura.
Alboides, Hodgs., Motacilla é
Alboniger, Blyth, Nisaétus
Albonotatus, Tickell, Caprimulgus
Albus, Daud., Bubo ek ee
Aldrovandii, Reinw., Falco .

. e . . e oe

Flem., Scops . “os
Alpestris, Pallas, Hirundo prt =
Alpina, Gmel. gabh

Ameenus, Horsf., Turdus
Amaurotis, Temm., Turdus .
Americanus, Gmel., Falco. .
Ambherstiana, Royle, Nyctiornis .
Amictus, Temm., Merops ‘
Amouropterus, Pears., Halcyon .
Analis, Horsf., Turdus . . .
Annectans, Hodgs., Bhuchanga .
Anthoides, Hodgs., Budytes
Antiguanus, Gmel., Lanius . .
Aplonotus, Blyth, Parus 5

Albicaudata, Jerd., Muscicapa_ p.

44.0

Apus, Zinn., Hirundo . . p.

Aquaticus, Bechst., Anthus .

Arboreus, Bechst., Anthus

Arenarius, Blyth, Lanius

Argentauris, Hodgs., Mesia .

Arrogans, Sundev., Acanthyza

Arsinoe, Lichst., Ixos

Asiatica, Swains., Alcedo

Swains., Cinclus

Asiaticus, Lath., Caprimulgus

Assimilis, Bechst., Corvus

Ater, Gmel., Falco .

Eyton, Crataionyx .

— Linn., Parus .

Atheniensis, Daud., Bubo

Athertonii, Jard. et ’Selby, Merops

Atrata, Gmel., Motacilla 5

Lath., Sylvia a ete

Atricapilla, "Linn., Motacilla .

Cac., Pitta. .: A

Miller, Motacilla .

Atricapillus, Gmel., Alcedo

Atriceps, Temm., Ixos . .

Horsf., Parus :

Atrifrons, Hodgs., Suthora

Atripennis, Jerd., Caprimulgus

Atrogularis, Temm., Turdus .

Blyth, Saxicola

Moore, Suya F

Hutton, Accentor .

Avensis, Blyth, Campephaga

J. E. Gray, Turdus

Augur, Riipp., Falco

Aurantiventer, Less., Petrocossy-
pltaa* ooo

Aureum, Eyton, Malacopteron

Auribarbis, Hodgs., Noctua .

Auriceps, Hodgs., Tesia .

Auricapilla, Swains., Cryptolopha

Auricularis, Hodgs., ’ Dimorpha

Daud., Vultur

. Aurifrons, Temm.. Phyllornis

Auritus, Daud., Corvus .

Vigors, Podargus

Aurorea, Pallas, Motacilla

Axillaris, Gould, Anthus

Azurea, Bodd., Muscicapa

Bacha, Daud., Falco

Badia, Hodgs.. Athene .

Horsf., Strix :

Badius, Gmel., Falco

Gmel., Merops

Balicassius, Linn., Corvus

Banyumas, Horsf. Muscicapa

Barbatus, Linn., Vultur

J. E. Gray, Edolius

Bytes, "Aar® er ee,

Barletta, Daud., Falco .

Batassia, Hamilt., Hirundo . .

Batassiensis, J. E. Gray, Cypselus

INDEX
109 | Bechsteini, Nawm, Turdus . p.
358 | Beema, Sykes, Budytes . °
354 | Belangeri, Less., Garrulax
394 | Bella, Hay, Muscicapa .
365 | Bengalensis, Gmel., Vultur
342 Blyth, Hierax .
241 | —— Frankl., Otus .
130 | —— Gmel., |Icedo
185 | —— Gmel., Corvus
115 Briss., Merula
152 | —— Blyth, Pycnonotus
30 Briss., Ficedula
369 | Bennettii, Sykes, Osthotomns
373 | Bentet, Horsf., Lanius .
72 Beryllina, Vieill., Alcedo
89 | Besra, Jerd., Accipiter
302 | Bharatensis, Hodgs., Pernis .
302 | Biarmicus, Temm., Falco
344 | Bifasciata, Hornsch., Aquila
393 J. E. Gray, Aquila
344 | Bicincta, Swains,, Ispida .
124 | Bicolor, G. R. Gray, Ichthyaétus
248 Swains., Muscipeta
370 Less., Trichastoma
378 Lafr., Timalia
114 Sykes, Saxicola
195 | Bido, Horsf., Falco ;
287 | Biloba, Lichst., Muscicapa
326 | Biru, Horsf., Alcedo
360 | Bitorquata, Swains., Ispida .
394 | Bilineata, Less., Muscicapa .
398 | Bimaculatus, Horsf., Turdus
60 | Bistrigata, Rafies, Motacilla .
Blagrus, Daud., Falco -
188 | Blythi, Bonap., Suya
247 | Boarula, Linn., Motacilla
66 | Bohemica, Briss., Bombycilla
179 | Bombycilla, Pallas, Parus . .
342 | Bonelli, Temm., Falco ;
289 | Boschii, Miller, Pitta
3 | Boulboul, Lath., Lanius
258 | Brachydactyla, Meyer, Aquila
202 | Brachyotus, Gmel., Strix
387 | Brama, Temm., Sttix _
305 | Brevicaudata, McClell., Hirwhde, 2
358 Blyth, Drymoica
138 Bodd., Pita?" * z
49 | Brevipes, Hodgs., Niltava ;
67 | Brevirostra, Swains., Gryllivora .
80 | Brevirostris, McClell., Hirundo .
39 Vigors, Muscipeta. . .
87 Hodys., Anthus . *
152 McClell., Bathyrhynchus
290 | Brodiei, Burton, Noctua a ta
1 | Brownii, Shaw, Falco . . .
158 | Brunnea, Hodgs., Larvivora .
415 | Brunnescens, Jerd., Agrobates
23 | Brunneus, Blyth, Phylloscopus
108 | Brunniceps, Jerd., Halcyon .
108 | Brunnifrons, Hodgs., Horeites

oi? ee oe ee ae

OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

Bubo, Linn., Strix . ~p. 12
Buccoides, Temm., Dacelo 122
Burkii, Burton, Sylvia 341
Burra, J. E. Gray, Lanius 163
Cacharensis, Hodys., Neornis 324
Hodys., Accentor . 359
Cachinnans, Jerd., Crateropus 208
Celicolor, Hodgs., Grandala 281
Cerulatum, Hodgs., Cinclosoma 205
Cerulea, Gmel., Muscicapa . 138
Raffies, Myiothera . 181
Scop., Gracula 199
- Ceruleocephala, Sykes, Muscicapa 138
Vigors, Phoenicura 307
Ceruleocephalus, Lath., Merops . 88
Cerulescens, Linn., Falco an pS
Linn., Lanius . 154
Ceeruleus, Swains., Nyctiornis 90
Linn., Parus : 372
Cesia, Tom, Monacha 392
Cesius, Sav., Falco 29
Calcaratus, Hodgs. ise Budytes 352
Caligatus, Rafjles, Falco F 33
Calipyga, Hodgs., Bahila 354
Calliope, Pallas, Motacilla 313
Calornyx, Hodgs., Eurystomus 121
Calvus, Scop., Vultur 2
Cambaiensis, Lath., Sylvia 283
Camtschatkensis, Gmel., Turdus . 313
Canescens, Hodgs., Buteo 61
Caniceps, Blyth, Lanius 164
Blyth, Paradoxornis . 377
Lafr., Trichophorus . 423
Canifrons, Blyth, Spizixos 251
Canorus, Linn., Turdus. . 220
Cantator, Tickell, Motacilla . 338
Cantatrix, Temm., Muscicapa 291
Cantori, Moore, Alcippe 406
Moore, Microtarsus 409
Moore, Criniger 410
Capensis, Smith, Strix 82
Linn., Alauda . : 358
Capitalis, MeClell., Muscicapa 136
Capistratum, Vigors, Cinclosoma 216
Caprata, Linn., Motacilla 284
Carbonarius, Less., Pycnonotus . 419
Carunculatus, Smith, Neophron . 8
Casia, Hodgs., Chibia 158
Castanea, Temm., Muscicapa 13
Gould, Merula au ngicin LVR GT
Castaneoceps, Hodgs., Abrornis . 344
Castaneo-coronata, Burt., Sylvia. 179
Castaneus, Lath., Merops 87
Castaniceps, Hodgs., Minla . 367
Moore, Ixulus . 411
Castanoptera, Horsf., Strix . 67
Castanopterus, Blyth, Oriolus 268
Cavearius, Hodgs., Bubo 74
Caudacuta, Swains., Calyptomena 121
Caudata, Blyth, Tesia ( week

Caudata, Hodgs., Suya . p. 325
Caudatus, Dumerit, Seepins 223
Linn., Parus 373
Cenchris, Nawm., Falco . 14
Ceraunia, Pallap, Motacilla . 304 .
Cervicalis, Lichst., Falco 22
Ceylonensis, Gmel., Strix vi ae
— Swains., Platyrhynchus 147
Steph., Dicrurus . . 155
Changoun, Daud., Vultur . 4
Chatarrhea, Frankl., Timalia 223
Cheela, Hodgs., Milvus. . . 30
Daud., Falco . x 50
Cheele, Jerd., Milvus . 30
Chelicuti, Stanley, Alcedo 128
Cherrug, J. HE. Gray, Falco . 22
Chicquera, Daud., Falco 23
Chicqueroides, Smith, Falco . 22
Chinensis, Scop., Lanius 202
Linn., Oriolus 270
Chloris, Hodgs., Mixornis . 229
Chlorocephala, Gmel., Alcedo 127
Chloronotus, Hodgs., Abrornis 343
Choka, Smith, Aquila a 44
Chrysza, Hodgs., Stachyris . 232
Chryszus, Hodgs., Tarsiger . 310
Hodgs., Proparus . . . +367
Chrysaétos, Linn., Falco ace Daa
Chrysocephala, Jameson, Leiothrix 366
Chrysochistos, Hodgs., Chelido-
rynx . 147.
Chrysogaster, McClell. , Chloropsis 258
Chrysophrys, Blyth, Zanthopygia 283
Chrysoptera, Gould, Ianthocincla 206
Chrysorrhoeus, Bonap., Ixos. . 241
Chrysorrhoides,La/r.,Hematornis 240
Chrysotis, Hodgs., Proparus - 367
Ciliaris, Hodgs., Muscicapa . 297
Cinclorhyncha, Vigors, Petrocinela 188
Cincta, Bodd, Hirundo . 97
Cineraceus, Horsf., Edolius . 155
Temm., Orthotomus 315
Cinerascens, Montagu, Falco. 27
Vieill., Caprimulgus 113
Cinerea, Blyth, Minla as GZ
Cinereum, Eyton, Malacopteron . 406
Cinereus, Gmel., Vultur 1
Vieill., Parus . a ree
Cinereocapilla, Vieil/., Muscicapa 147
(Hodgs.) Moore, Prinia 322
Cingalensis, Gmel., Motacilla 267
Cinnamomea, Linn., Motacilla 140
Ripp., Salicaria 334
Cirrhatus, Gmel., Falco. . . 414
Cisticola, G. R. Gray, Drymoica. 324
Citreola, Pallas, Motacilla 352
Citreoloides, Hodgs., Budytes 352
Citrinus, Lath., Turdus ; 189
Clamosus, Shaw, Falco . 29
Clanga, Pallas, Aquila 45

3 OL

44]

442

Coccinea, Eyton, Pitta . . p.

Coccineus, Lath., Parus t
Cochinchinensis, Briss. ., Oriolus .
Collaris, Scop., Alcedo
Lath., Muscicapa :
—_—— Temm., yi | A
Soret, Turdts’.) se) 0%
Scop., Sturnus :
Colluriceps, Blyth, Dasyornis
Comatus, Temm., Cypselus
Communis, Briss., Falco nts
Concolor, Temm., Falco “
Sykes, Hirundo
—— Blyth, Cypselus
Hodgs., Tesia .
Coromanda, Lath., Strix é
Coromandeliana, Scop., Alcedo
Coromandus, Lath., Merops.
Coronatum, Miiller, Napothera
Coronatus, Swains., Oriolus .
Temm., Enicurus ;
Cornutus. Temm., Podargus .
Corydon, Temm., Eurylaimus
Crinifrons, Temm., Podargus
Criniger, Hodgs.,Suya . ..
Crispiceps, Blyth, scat on ‘
Cristata, Cuv., Pernis ,
Cristatellatus, Temm.., Falco .
Hamilton, Falco 4 MaRS
Cristatus, G. R. Gray, Astur
Vieill., Buteo-. -. :
—— Linn., ‘Lanius ; sila)
Burm., Hematornis
Crocorrhous, Strickl., Pycnonotus
Cruralis, Blyth, Calliope :
Cryptogenys, Hodgs., Archibuteo
Cryzona, Temm., ‘Alcedo
Cubla, Shaw, Tinsinn
Cucullata, Hartl., Pitta . :
Cucullatus, Temm., Eurylaimus .
Temm., Orthotomus
Cuculoides, Vigors, Noctua. ©.
Cuculopsis, Blyth. Heterophasia .
Culminatus, Hay, Ceblepyris
Cultrunguis, Blyth, Ichthyaétus .
Cupido, Hodgs., Polypteryx .
Curcutea, Hamilt., Lanius .
Curruca, Linn., Motacilla
Cursitans, Frankl., Prinia
Ghivirostrin: Swaine; Chloropsis
Cyana, Hodgs., Larvivora
Cyanea, Blyth, Pitta
Cyanellus, Hamilt., Falco
Cyaneus, Linn., Falco . .
Horsf., Tardus c
Cyanicollis, Vieill., Eurystomus .
Cyaniventer, Hodgs., Tesia .
Cyaniventris, Blyth, ‘Pycnonotus .
Cyanocephala, Swains., Petrophila
Cyanogularis, Jerd., Merops

INDEX

185
140
270
127
135
196
197
359
331
110

17

23

oil
100

Cyanomelana, Temm., Muscicapa, p. 291

Cyanopogon, Temm., Phyllornis .
Cyanoptera, Temm., Pitta.
Cyanopterus, Hodgs., Chloropsis .
Cyanota, Jard. et Selby, Turdus .
Cyanouroptera, Hodgs., Siva. .
Cyanura, Hodgs., Nemura
Cyanurus, Gmel., Turdus
Dalhousie, Jameson, Eurylaimus
Dalmaticus, Riipp., Circus
Daphenia, Hodgs., Aquila .
Dasypus, Temm., Hirundo . .
Daudinii, Cuv., Merops. . .
Dauma, Lath., Turdus . . .
Daurica, Linn., Hirundo .
Delessertii, Lafr., Crateropus
Dea, Linn., Aleedo. .* «
Dichrous, Hodgs., Parus ‘
Dimidiatus, Raffies, Falco
Dissimilis, Blyth, Turdus.
Divaricatus, Raffies, Lanius .
Dispar, Horsf., Turdus
Docilis, Hodgs., Dahila .
Domicola, Jerd., Hirundo
Dubius, Hodgs., Budytes
Dukhunensis, Sykes, Accipiter
Sykes, Motacilla . . .
Dumeticola, Tickell, Strix
Tickell, Motacilla :
Dumetorum, Blyth, Acrocephalus
Dussumierii, Temm., Falco .
Earlei, Blyth, Malacocerens J
Edela, Temm., Orthotomus .
Egertoni, Gould, Actinodura
Elegans, McCleii., Phoenicornis .
Less., Pitta
Elliottii, — Pernis
Ephialtes, Sav., Scops . :
Epilepidota, Temm., Myiothera x
Erochroa, Hodgs., Abrornis :
Erythaca, Blyth, Erythrosterna
Erythrocephalum, Vigors, Cinclo-
soma . :
Erythrocephalus, Lath., Merops :
Vigors, Parus .
Erythrogaster, Temm., Alcedo
Vigors, Turdus.
Erythrogastra, Giildst., Motacilla
Erythrogenys, Viz., Pomatorhinus
Erythronota, Blyth, Timalia .
Erythronotus, Vigors, Collurio
Erythroptera, Gould, Strix
Blyth, Timalia ; .
Erythropterus, Vigors, Lanius
Hodys., Crateropus :
Erythropygia, Sykes, Hirundo .
Sykes, Saxicola
Erythrorhynchus, Gould, Halcyon
Erythrurus, Hodgs., Turdus .
Less., Saxicoloides o* (PB

e . e e ° e e °

410
183
258
191
366

OF SPECIFIC NAMES.

Erythrotis, Bonap., Ixos bs hats

Esculent:, Linn., Hirundo
Excubitor, Linn., Lanius

Exilis, Temm., Falco

EKuryzona, Temm., Alcedo
Eutolmus, Hodgs., Hierax
Familiaris, Horsf., Prinia
Fasciatus, Hamilton, Falco
Fastuosus, Less., Cyanecula .
Felicie, Less., Garrulax . ‘
Fenestrarum, Brehm., Chelidon .
Ferrea, Hodgs., Rubecula
Ferrugiceps, Hodgs., Merops
Hodgs., Lanius
Ferrugilatus, Hodgs., Pomatorhinus
Ferruginea, Hodgs., Hemichelidon
Ferruginosum. Blyth, Trichastoma
Ferruginosus, Blyth, Pomatorhinus
Filicaudata, Frankl., Hirundo
Filifera, Steph., Hirundo
Fimbriatus, Temm., Ceblepyris
Fingah, Shaw, Lanius -
Finlaysoni, Strickl., Pycnonotus .
Flammea, Zinn., Strix . .
Forster, Muscicapa

Flava, Linn., Motacilla .

Eyton, Crataionyx. . .
Flaveolus, Gould, Trichophorus .
G. R. Gray, Phyllopneuste .
Flavescens, Blyth, Pycnonotus
Flavicollis, Hodgs., Ixulus
Rupp., Macronyx : é
Flavipes, Hodgs. kd Cultrunguis d
Flavirictus, Strickl., Pycnonotus.
Flavirostris, Horsf, Turdus .
Gould, Paradoxornis
Flaviventer, Hodgs., Budytes
Flaviventris, Tickell, Vanga .
Deless., Orthotomus
Flavocristatus, Lafr., Parus .
Flavolivacea, Hodgs., Neornis
Flavoviridis, Moore, Orthotomus
Flavula, Hodgs., Hemixos
Flavum, Horsf., Dicceum
Fiuvialis, Sav., Pandion .
Forstenii, Temm., Falco .
Fortipes, Hodgs., Cichlops
Fringillarius, Drap., Falco

Ray, Accipiter

Jerd., Accipiter
Fringillaroides, Hodgs., Accipiter
Frontale, Riipp., Parisoma

Blyth, Callene

Frontalis, Vigors, Pheenicura
Blyth, Enicurus

Galbula, Zinn., Oriolus .
Galbuloides, Gould . . .
Gallicus, Gmel., Falco.
Gallinarius, Gmel., Falco
Gallinieri, Guer., Parisoma

Gampsorhynchus, Jard. e¢ Selby,
Chloropsis . :

Ganeesa, Sykes, Hypsipetes

Gangeticus, Blyth, Caprimulgus .

Garrula, Briss., Curruca :

Garrulus, Linn., Ampelis ‘

Geochrous, Hodgs., Malacocercus

Giganteus, Temm., Cypselus .

Ginginianus, Daud., Vultur .

Glaucina, Temm., Pitta ‘

Glaucura, Gould, ’ Pachycephala

Goiavier, Scop., Muscicapa

Govinda, Sykes, Milvus .

Gracilis, Less., Falco wee

McClell., Hypsipetes . .

Granatina, Temm., Pitta

Grandis, Storr., Gypaétus .

Hodgs., Nisaétus

—— Blyth, Chaitaris

Gould, Ruticilla

Blyth, Alcedo .

Grisaure, Hodgs., Cinclosoma

Griseus, Jerd., Scops

Tickell, Lanius

Gmel., Turdus te

Gularis, Kuhl, Halcyon .

Raffies, Lanius shiv iis

— McCleill., {anthocincla .

Raffles, Timalia

Jerd., Brachypus

Horsf., Turdus

Hodgs., Yuhina

Hlorsf., Paradoxornis: .

Gurial, Pearson, Halcyon

Guttata, Brehm., Strix

Vigors, Halcyon :

Guttatus, J. E. Gray, Falco .

Gutturalis, Scop., Hirundo

Lath., Turdus .

Heemorrhousa, Gmel., Muscicapa

Haliaétus, Linn., Falco :

Hardwickii, J. E. Gray, Strix

Vigors, Collurio '

Jard. et Selby, Chloropsis :

Heliaca, Sav., Aquila

Hemachalanus, Hutton, Gypaétus

Hemileucura, Hodgs., Muscicapa.

Hemiptilopus, Blyth, Archibuteo ,

Heterurus, Hodgs., Enicurus

Himalayanus, Blyth, Accentor

Hippocrepis, Wagl., Oriolus .

Hirundinacea, Reinw., Muscicapa

Hirsuta, Temm., Strix

Hodgsonii, Homeyer, Turdus

Swains., Oriolus

—— Moore, Nemura

— Moore, Ruticilla

—— Blyth, Prinia

—— Blyth, Motacilla

—— Moore, Abrornis

443

444

Homochroa, Hodgs., Larvivora
Horsfieldii, Vegors, Limnaétus

Hodgs., ichthyaétus
Temm., EKurylaimus
— Vigors, Myiophonus

—— Sykes, Pomatorhinus
Bonap , Oriolus

Jard. et Selby, Timalia ,

Hottentotus, Linn., Corvus .

Hucarius, Hodgs., Ichthyaétus

Humeralis, Stanley, Lanius .

Gould, Lalage ,

Humeraloides, Less., Pycnonotus

Humilis, Temm., Paridion
Huttoni, Moore, " Accenitor
Hutum, Hamilton, Strix
Hyder, Sykes, Astur :
Hydrophilus, Riipp., Falco

Hyperythra, Blyth, Muscicapa

Blyth, Timalia

Hyperythrus, Blyth, Turdus .

Hypoleuca, Franki., Timalia ,

Hypoleucos, Blyth, ’ Pomatorhinus
Hypoxantha, Blyth, Rhipidura

Ichthyaétus, Horsf., Falco

Ictericus, Strickl., Criniger ,

Icterocephalus, Bonap., Phyllornis

Ignitincta, Hodgs., Minla

Imberbis, Temm., Caprimulgus

Imbricatus, Blyth, Garrulax .

Immaculatus, Hodgs., Enicurus ,

Hodgs., Accentor
Imperialis, Temm., Vultur
Bechst., Falco .
Incei, Gould, Muscipeta ,
Indica, Frankl., Noctua ,
Steph., Muscipeta .
— J. E. Gray, Keroula
Hay, lrena

— Blyth, Pratincola
— Blyth, Ruticilla
Gmel., Motacilla ,
Indicus, Scop., Vultur .
Hodgs., Milvus
Hodgs., Astur

—— Hodgs., Pandion
— Less., Lophotes
Jerd., Merops .
Lath., Caprimulgus
—— Sparm., Parus

— Steph., Dicrurus
Briss., Oriolus

—— Blyth, Phyllopneuste
Indigo, Horsf., Muscicapa
Indranee, Sykes, Strix
Indus, Bodd.,. Falco
Infausta, Hamilton, Strix
infaustus, Gmel., Turdus
Innotata, Blyth, Geocichla

Innotatus, Hedgs., Caprimulgus

INDEX
p. 397 | Inornata, Jerd., Hirundo . .p. 95
33 Sykes, Prinia . . 328
53 | Inornatus, Blyth, Regulus 342
116 | Intermedia, Bonelli, Aquilla 46
200 Swains., Gryllivora 275
230 | Irenoides, Hodgs., Bainopus . 288
234 | Interstinctus, McClell., Falco 13
271 | Isabellina, Riipp., Saxicola 287
157 | Ispidioides, Less., Alcedo Ape | +
53 | Javana, Bodd, Halcyon . 3 92S
173 | Javanensis, Less., Ketupa « oe
176 Horsf., Podargus . . « 112
419 | Javanica, De Wurmb., Strix 81
54 Sparm., Hirundo . ee
360 | —— Shaw, Alcedo. . . ~123
78 | —— Sparm., Muscicapa . 144
40 Horsf., Sylvia . 263
60 | Javanicus, Horsf., Merops «4 2G
294 Less., Scops 3 Paes f |
299 Horsf., Eurylaimus ~ Tes
420 Horsf., Turdus i una
230 | Javensis, Horsf., Ceblepyris . 174
236 Horsf., Melliphaga 260
147 Bonap., Pallenura . . 350
53 | Jerdoni, Blyth, Lophastur 63, 415
250 Blyth, Phyllornis . 259
411 Blyth, Drymoica 329
. 3866 | Jeridius, Hodgs., Ninox 68
388 | Jewan, Sykes, Hirundo. . . 91
. 208 | Jocosus, Linn., Lanius . . 238
346 | Joulaimus, Hodgs., Synornis . 297
. 361 | Jounotus, Hodgs., Collurio . . 164
1 | Jouschistos, Hodgs., Parus . 375
48 | Jugger, J. E. Gray, Falco . 20
391 | Kabasi, Hamilton, Corvus ., . 174
65 | Kabasioides, Hamilton, Corvus . 177
. 133 | Ketupa, Horsf., Strix . . . 76
169 | Kienerii, De Sparre, Astur , . 34
273 | Klecho, Horsf., Hirundo 7 is
285 | Kolbii, Daud., Vultur i 3
302 | Krishna, Gould, Edolius is
353 | Kundoo, Sykes, Oriolus , a
4 | Lacteus, Temm., Strix . 73
30 | Lagopoda, Pallas, Hirundo , 384
42 | Lamarckii, Cuv., Merops 85
52 | Lanarius, Linn., Falco 22
62 | Lanceolatus, Temm., Falco . dsl
85 Hodgs., Haliaétus , . 390
113 | Lathami, Tickell, Falco , . a4
140 J. E. Gray, Falco . _—,
150 Gould, Calliope 313
270 | Lafresnayii, Deless., Crateropus . 208
337 | Lahtora, Sykes, Collurio 163
291 | Lapis, Less., Muscicapa . 292
83 | Laticauda, Hamilton, Muscicapa, 145
57 | Latirostris, Raffles, Muscicapa 137
69 Gould, Myiagra . 1
189 Tiémnisontin Raffies, Eurylaimus . 120
400 | Lempiji, Horsf, Strix. ees
113 | Lepida, Blyth, Drymoica 327

OF

Lepida, McClell., Leiothrix , —_p. 366
‘Leschenaultii, Temm., Strix . 77

Vieill., Turdus 4 345
Lettia, Hodgs., Scops 71
Lettoides, Jerd., Scops 71
Leucocephala, Vigors, Phoenicura 309
Leucocephalus, Gmel., Alcedo 123
Leucocyanea, Hodgs., Dimorpha 294
Leucogaster, Gmel., Falco , 56

Valenc., Lanius 161
— Gould, Pomatorhinus 234
— Reinw., Oriolus 268

Gould, Falcunculus 375
Leucogastra, Blyth, Muscicapa , 139
Leucogenys, Blyth, Crateropus 202
— J. E. Gray, Brachypus 242

Moore, Orites . 374
Leucolophus, Hardw., Corvus 201
Leucomela, Padlas, Motacilla 287
Leucomelanura, Hodgs., Digenea 294
Leuconotus, J. EZ. Gray, Vultur , 4

Deless., Cypselus 111
Leuconyx, Blyth, Cypselus .y bug
Leucopheea, Vieill., Sylvia wOgT9
Leucophoeus, Vieil/., Dicrurus 155
Leucophrys, Blyth, Zanthopygia , 284
Leucopsis, Gould, Motacilla, . 349
Leucoptera, Swains., Thamnobia 282

Blyth, Phonicura . . . 305
Leucoschista, Hodgs., Muscicapa 296
Leucotis, Hodgs., Malacocercus , 222

Gould, Ixos 242
Leucura, Hodgs., Muscisylvia . 280

Gmel., Muscicapa LO, SBT
Leucurus, Hodgs., Tenthaca oh
Limbatus, Ripp., Crateropus a 214
Limnaétus, Horsf., Falco Pe 4
Linchi, Horsf., Collocalia 100
Lineatum, Vigors, Cinclosoma 209
Lineatus, J. E. Gray, Haliaétus . 30
Lineoventris, Hodgs., Phoenicura 309
Lingoo, Sykes, Orthotomus , al?
Lividus, Tickell, Turdus 190
Lobata, Swains., Platysteira. . 135
Locustelloides, Blyth, Dasyornis 331
Longicauda, Swains., Gryllivora , 279

Gmel., Motacilla , 317
Longicaudata, Tickell, Sylvia 329

Moore, Pnoépyga 398
Longipennis, Temm., Cypselus 110
Longipes, Jerd., Buteo : 61
Longirostris, Swains., Orthotomus 315

Blyth, Petrocincla : . 400

(Hodgs.) Moore, Pyctorhis . 408
Longus, Temm., Edolius ot SZ
Lophotes, Cun:, Falco 62
Lucionensis, Linn., Lanius 167
Luggur, Jerd., Falco, Ry!
Lugubris, Tickell, Strix , Oe
— Temm., Alcedo 2

SPECIFIC NAMES,

AAS

Lugubris, Ehrenb., Edolius . _p. 155
Sundev., Ceblepyris 177
Blyth, Phylloscopus ej

Lunaris, McClell., Ianthocincla 206

Lunatus, Gould, Eurylaimus 118

Lunulatus, Lath., Turdus , 400
Swains., Serilophus ., . 118

Lutea, Scops, Sylvia ‘ 364

Luteolus, Less., Heematornis 243

Luteoventris, Hodgs., Tribura , 335

Luzoniensis, Steph., Ceyx . o91
Scop., Motacilla . . . 348

Maal, Sykes, Petrocincla . 186

MacClellandii, Blyth, Garrulax , 204
Horsf., Hypsipetes 256

MacCoshii, Tickell, Oriolus . 269

Macgrigorie, Buyt., Phoenicura 288

Macei, Temm., Falco 55
Less., Graucalus 173
Vieill., Turdus y 190

Macrocercus, Vieill., Dicrurus 149
Temm., Eupetes 395

Macrodactylum, Strickl. ,Malacop. 225

Macrodactylus, Swains., Falco . 24

Macrorhyncha, J. E. Gray, Pitta 399

Macrorhynchus, Gmel., Todus , 119

Maculata, Tickell, Muscicapa 296

:Temm., Timalia .. 228

Maculatior, Hodgs., Circaétus 50

Maculatus, Hodgs., Cinclus . . 185
Viyors, Enicurus . , . 346
Hodgs., Anthus . oo4

Maculosa, Less., Pernis, . . 63
Vieill., Strix Mase: |

Maculosus, McClell., Graucalus oe 2 yi

Macroura, Frankl., Prinia » 823

Macrourus, Horsf, Caprimulgus, 112
Blyth, Oriolus, 270
Gmel., Turdus $ » 2a

Madagascariensis, Lath., Alcedo , 132

Maderaspatana, Briss., "Motacilla 347

Maderaspatanus, Frankl., Oriolus 269

Magnircstra, Swains., Gryllivora 278

Magnirostris, Less., Lanius , 168
Blyth, Phylloscopus 336
Moore, Alcippe 407

Magnum, Eyton, Malacopteron 225

Mahrattensis, Sykes, Caprimulgus 114

Major, (Hodgs.) Moore, Horeites 323

Majus, Blyth, Malacopteron . 225

Malabarica, Gmel., Muscicapa 140

Malabaricus, Scop., Lanius , 157
Jerd., Malacocercus ) SS

Malabaroides, Hodgs., Chibia , 156

Malaccensis, Blyth, Hypsipetes 256

Malayana, Moore, Irena . 274

Malayanus, Hay, Scops. . . 70

Malayensis, Eyton, Athene 68
Strickl., Hierax . 15

—— Hay, Chaptia . 393

446

Malayensis, Eyton, Anthus , P.
Reinw., Faleo . . .
Malcolmi, Sykes, Timalia
Mandarinus, Bonap., Turdus
Mantis, Miill. et Schlegel, Otus .
Marginalis, Reinw., Malurus
Marginata, Blyth, Zoothera ,
Maritima, Camel, Hirundo
Maritimus, Gmel., Falco
Maximus, Sibd., Bubo
Melaleuca, Hodgs., Saxicola .
Melanaétus, Sav., Aquila
Melanictera, Gmel., Motacilla
Melanocephala, Wag/., Pitta
Melanocephalus, J. E. Gray, Bra-
chypus .. TEL paces
Gmel., Lanius . ol
Linn., Oriolus ,
Sykes, Budytes .
Melanogaster, Swains., Muscipeta
Melanolophus, Vigors, Parus
Melanoleuca, Less., Kittacincla
Schleg., Muscicapa
Hodgs., Muscicapula
Melanoleucos, Blyth, Hierax
Gmel., Falco ;
—— Eyton, Microtarsus
— J. E. Gray, Turdus
Haritl., Turdus :
Melanopis, Gme/., Turdus
Melanops, Vigors, Muscicapa
Melanoptera, Horsf., Alcedo
Gmel., Muscicapa ,
Blyth, Campephaga
Melanopterus, Daud., Falco,
Melanotis, Temm. et Schl., Milvus
Jerd., Buteo Poet
Valenc., Lanius
Hodgs., Pteruthius
Blyth, Garrulax .
Melanotus, Lath., Falco
Dubuss., Turdus
Melanura, Hodys., Cinclosoma
Less., Ruticilla~
Melaschistos, Hodgs., Volv ocivora
Melasoma, Less., Cinnyricincta
Meliceps, Swains., ora ,
Meninting, Horsf., Alcedo
Meridionalis, Brehm., Gypaétus .
Meropina, Hodgs., Napcphila
Merulinus, Blyth, Garrulax ,
Meruloides, Blyth, Timixos , ,
Metallicus, Temm., oer ee :
Eyton, Ixos_ , ‘
Micropus, Hodgs., Turdulus ~ :
Microrhynchus, Brehm., Cotyle .
Microsoma, Burton, Ceyx
Milvipes, Hodgs., Falco .
Milvoides, Jerd., Spizattus
— Hodgs., Aquila ;

INDEX
357 | Mindanensis, Gmel., Turdus, jp. 278
381 | Minuta, Brehm., Aquila . . 43
218 | ——:AHodgs., Hirundo.. ., . 96
196 | Mithilensis, Hodgs., Circaétus , 50
71 | Modestus, Gould, Regulus . . 342
330 Burton, Parus : 373
192 | —— Eyton, Turdus ide” 401
100 | Modularis, Linn., Motacilla . 360
56 | Mogilnik, Gmel., Falco . 48
72 | Molissimus, Blyth, Turdus 193
285 | Mollis, Blyth, Accentor . 361
45 Moloxita, Riipp., Oriolus 270
267 | Moluccensis, J. E. Gray, Chlo-
399 ropsis : 410
Monachus, Linn., Vultur 1
247 Temm., Cathartes , 8
248 Gmel., ’Oriolus 269
269 | Moniliger, Hodgs. on Cinclosoma 204
351 | Montagui, Vieid/., Circus. 27
135 | Montana, Horsf., Brackyptergi 178
372 Horsf., Sylvia . . 332
275 | Montanus, Jerd., Cypselus 107
291 Horsf, Pomatorhinus 233
296 | Monticola, Jerd., Bulaca 83
16 Vigors, Zoothera c 192
26 Hodgs., Cichlops . . 355
248 | Monticolus, Frankl., Caprimulgus 114
249 MeCleil., Ixos . 239
402 Vigors, Parus : 369
202 | Moritanus, Gmel., Sturnus rae
292 | Motacilloides, Vig. et Horsf.,Rhip. 146
127 | Miilleri, Temm., Phyllornis . 261
135 | Multicolor, Gmel., Fringilla . . 267
394 | Muraria, Swains., Phonicura , 301
28 | Murasinia, Hamilton, Ampelis 161
30 | Muscicapoides, Frankl., Lanius , 169
50 | Muscipetoides, Hodgs., Chaptia . 160
167 | Musicus, Rafies, Lanius . , 278
172 | Mutata, Linn., Muscicapa 135
204 | Mysticalis, Swains., Chloropsis 411
47 | Nevia, Gmel., Falco ; ae 45
188 | Neevioides, Cuv., Falco 44
211 | Nanus, Blyth, Ichthyaétus 54
308 | Narcissina, Temm., Muscicapa 283
177 | Nasica, Less., Erolla 417
283 | Nasutus, Lath., Todus 120
267 Scop., Lanius , f 166
130 | Naumanni, Fleischer, Falco , 14
10 | Neglecta, Jerd., Prinia 328
90 Jerd., Budytes . 351
403 Gould, Motacilla 352
363 | Newarensis, Hodgs., Bulaca , 83
198 | Nicobaricus, Blyth, Zosterops 264
248 | Nicobariensis, Moore, Hypsipetes 257
402 | Nidifica, G. R. Gray, Collocalia . 99
95 | Niger, Less., Percnopterus 8
391 Briss., Milvus , 30
22 | —— Gmel., Falco 2
43 Less.,Drymonax . ., , 394
43 | Nigricans, Blyth, Alcedo . th ee

oe ee

OF

Nigricapilla, Guer., Cossypha =p.

Nigriceps, Frankl., Collurio .
Hodgs., Sibia .
Hodgs., Stachyris .
Nigricollis, Temm., Timalia .
— Blyth, Pitta t
Nigrimentum, Hodgs., Yuhina
Nigripes, Hodgs., Cultrunguis
Nigrocapitata, Eyton, Brachypteryx
Nigrogularis, Eyton, Brachypteryx
(Hodgs.) Moore, Ruticilla
Nigropileus, Lafr., Turdus
Blyth, Pycnonotus ,
Nigrorufa, Jerd., Saxicola
Nisoides, Blyth, Accipiter
Nisosimilis, Tickell, mt ce
Nisus, Linn., Falco ;

Niveus, Tenn. Falco

Jerd., Nisaétus, }
Nivicollis, Hodgs., Merula
Nivicolum, Hodgs., Syrnium ,
Nipalensis, Hodgs., Circus
Hodgs., Aquila

Hodgs., Circaétus

Hodgs., Ninox

Hodgs., Huhua

Hodgs., Bucia .

Hodgs., Hirundo

Hodgs., Cypselus

— Hodgs., Raya .

Hodgs., Lanius

Hodgs., Graucalus ,
Hodgs., Troglodytes

—— Hodgs., Paludicola ,
Hodgs., Cinclosoma
Hodgs., Malacocercus

—— Hodgs., Hemipteron
Hodgs., Siva ,

Hodgs., Cutia ,

Hodgs., Alcurus

Hodgs., Phoenicura,

—_— (Hodgs. ) Moore, Drymoica
Hodgs., Accentor :
Hodgs., Parus ,

Hodgs., Suthora

Hodgs., Spizaétus . :
—. (Hodgs,) Moore, Delichon A
—— Hodgs., Caprimulgus ..
(Hodgs. )Moore, aay ater
Noctula, Reinw., Strix .
Nubicus, Smith, Vultur ,

Gmel., Merops

Nuchalis, Blyth, Pitta i
Nudipes, Brehm., Gypaétus ,
Hodgs., Cheetura .
Obscura, Horsf., Muscicapa ,
Obscurior, Hodgs., Collurio .
Occipitalis, Daud., Falco

Blyth, Todiramphus

—— Vigors, Muscicapa ,

189
166

SPECIFIC NAMES.

Occipitalis, Temm., Turdus , p.

Hodgs., Yuhina

Blyth, Siva

Ocellatum, Vigors, Cinclosoma
Ochraceus, Moore, Criniger .
Ochrocephalus, Gmel., Turdus
Ochromalus, Raffes, Eurylaimus .
Olivacea, Blyth, Lole

—— Raffies, Motacilla

—— Blyth, Phragmaticola .
Vig. et Horsf., Pachycephala
Olivaceum, Jerd., Pellorneum
Olivaceus, Lénsixs Turdus

Blyth, Pomatorhinus

— Moore, Microtarsus
Olivea, McClell., Saxicola
Omnicolor, Reinw., Alcedo
Oreocincloides, Hodgs., Turdus ,
Orientalis, Horsf., Strix .

Shaw, Strix

Lath., Merops .

—— Linn., Coracias

— Gmel., Turdus .

Jerd., Malacocercus
Temm. et Schlegel, Falco
Vieill., Saxicola

Oriolus, Scop., Coracias .
Ornata, McClell., Leiothrix .
Ossifraga, Sav., Phene

Otus, Linn., Strix

Ovivorus, Jerd., Nisaétus
Pecilopterus, Vigors, Turdus
Pagodarum, Temm., Strix
Pallidus, Sykes, Circus

Hodgs., Nisaétus .
Palmarum, J. E. Gray, Cypselus .
Palpebrosa, Temm., Sylvia
Paludibula, Riipp., Cotyle
Palumbarius, Linn., Falco ,
Palustris, Gould, Brachyotus ,
Horsf., Megalurus ,
Pammelina, Stanley, Sylvia .
Panayana, Gmel., Hirundo
Pandoo, Sykes, Petrocincla
Paradiseus, Gmel,, Cuculus
Linn., Muscicapa
Parvirostris, Gould, Oreocincla
Pastor, Strickl., Pratincola
Patia, Hodgs., Orthotomus
Pectoralis, Jerd., Huhua

Gould, lanthocincla

— Blyth, Timalia,

Gould, Calliope

— Blyth, Muscicapa

Hay, Muscicapa

Pellotis, Hodgs., Malacocercus
Pelvica, Hodgs., Tenthaca
Pennata, Gmel., Falco

Hodgs., Scops : ok
Percnopterus, Linn., Vultur,

448 INDEX
Peregrinator, Sundev., Falco. p- 18 | Pulcher, Hay, Caprimulgus . p.
Peregrinus, Gmel., Falco 16 | Pulchra, Hodgs., Abrornis . .
Tinn., Parus . =. 140 | Pulchrior, Hodgs., Nisaétus . .
Perlineata, Hodgs., Noctua 67 | Puniceus, Hodgs., Crateropus .
Pernigra, Hodgs., Aquila 382 | Punctata, J. E. Gray, Aquila
Persicus, Pallas, Merops 89 Gould, Cinclidia ., . .
Perspicillaris, Riipp., Falco 36 | Punctatus, Jerd., Spizaétus .
Perspicillatus, Gmel., Turdus 194 Lath: Tardus..) <9 <i
Pheocephalus, Hartl., Ixos . 421 | Purpurea, Hodgs., Cochoa .
Phoenicea, Gould, Ianthocincla 210 Gmel., Alcedo . a
Phoenicuroides, Moore, Ruticilla , 301 | Pusilla, Hodgs., Tesia 180,
Hodgs., Bradypterus 395 | Pusillus, Blyth, Hematornis :
Phoenicurus, Pallas, Lanius , 163 | Pygzeus, Hodgs., Ixos 5
Linn., Motacilla 301 | Pygargus, Linn., Falco . . .,
Philippensis, Gmel., Corvus , . 399 | —— Briss., Aquila. . . .
Philippinus, Linn., Merops . % 86 | Pygmea, Cretsch., Dacelo ,
Picecolor, Hodgs., Hemipus. 136 | Pyrrhomelanura, Miull., Napothera
Picaoides, Hodgs., Sibia, , 216 | Pyrrhonotus, Vieill., Lanius 2
Hodgs., Turdus , . . 402 | Pyrrhophea, Hartl., Timalia ,
Picata, Sykes, Muscicapa . . 136 | Pyrrhops, Hodgs., Stachyris. ,
— Blyth, Saxicola . . 287 | Pyrrhoptera, Boie, Timalia . .
Frankl., Motacilla, . . 384 | Pyrrhotis, Hodgs., Ixos .
Pilaris, Zinn., Turdus , . ,. 194 | Pyrrhoura, Hodgs., Myzornis .,
Pileata, Bodd, Alceedo . . . 125 | Pyrrhopyga, Less., Trichixos .
Horsf., Timalia . ., ., 227 | Quinticolor, Vieil/., Merops, .
—— Blyth, Mixornis 229 | Radiata, Tickell, Strix . . ,
Miiller, Napothera . 420 | Rafflesii, Zess., Eurylaimus , ,
Pileatus, Burchell, Vultur 8 Swains., Calyptomena .
Plumbea, Vigors, Myiagra , 139 | Rama, Sykes, Sylvia : :
Gould, Phoenicura . , 308 | Rangoonensis, Gould, Edolius
Plumbeus, Hodgs., Haliaétus 53 | Rapax, Temm., Falco
Plumifera, Gould, Brachypus, 247 | Reevesii, J. E. Gray, Phoenicura
Plumigerus, Lafr., Ixos . 242 | Reguloides, Blyth, Phyllopneuste
Plumosa, Blyth, Leiocincla , 212 | Reinwardtii, Sch. et Miill., Loph.
Blyth, Pycnonotus, . , 244 | Remifer, Temm., Edolius 3
Pobduya, Hamilt., Corvus . ., 206 | Retifer, Temm., Edolius ott
Peecilorhyncha, Lafr., Timalia 217 | Rhodogaster, Hodgs., Pitta @
Poiocephala, Swains.,Cryptolopha 148 | Richardii, Viei//., Anthus .
Polioccelia, Meyer, Ampelis , 389 | Riparia, Linn., Hirundo er.
Poliogenys, Blyth, Culicepeta 340 | Robusta, Blyth, Drymoica :
Poliotis, Blyth, Suthora , 379 | Rosea, Vieil/., Muscicapa
Pollicaris, Hodgs., Horeites . 322 Swains., Gryllivora
Polychrous, Temm., Malurus, 328 | Roseaceus, Hodgs., Anthus .
Polyzonus, Temm., Falco . 36 | Rostratum, Blyth, Trichastoma
Riipp., Falco. Z 40,414 | Rostratus, Hodgs.,Turdus . 192,
Pondicerianus, Daud., Vultur 2 Rotundicaudus, Hodgs., Milvus .
Gmel., Muscicapa “ee 169 | Rubecula, Blyth, Muscieapa
Poiiticerianus, Gmel,, Falco , 57 Swains., Muscicapa
Poonensis, Sykes, Muscicapa , 138 | —— Blyth, Muscicapula
Princeps, Vigors, Muscipeta . 143 Linn., Motacilla
Proregulus, Pallas, Motacilla 342 Rubeculoides, Vigors, Myiagra
Psaroides, Vigors, Hypsipetes 254 Vigors, Phoenicura
Pseudocafer, Blyth, Hematornis, 240 | —— Sykes, Saxicola ;
Psidii, Gmel., Muscicapa ), 243 (Hodgs.) Moore, Accentor .
Psittacinus, Temm., Eurylaimus . 118 | Rubetra, Linn., Motacilla
Ptigmatura, Vieill., Ginanthe 282 | Rubicapilla, Tickell, Motacilla
Ptilorhynchus, Temm., Falco 63 | Rubidiventris, Blyth, Parus .
Ptilosus, Jard. et Selby, Macronus 225 | Rubineus, Jerd., Brachypus .
Puella, Lath., Corocias , ) -273- | Rasbra, Bodd, Alcedo ,
Pulchella, Horsf., Dacelo 122 | Rubricauda, Hodgs., Phoenicura :

OF

Rubrocanus, Hodgs., Turdus , p.

Rubrocyanea, Hodgs., Dimorpha .
Rubropygius, Hodgs., Raya ,
Rudis, Linn., Alcedo

Rufescens, Horsf, Strix
Ruficapillus, Hutton, Orthotomus
Ruficeps, Lichst., Hirundo
Swains., Pellorheam
—— Sykes, Megalurus .
Hodgs., Mixornis ,
Less., Edela

— Blyth, Paradoxornis
— Blyth, Cleuasicus
Blyth, Stachyris
Ruficollis, Swains., Falco
Pallas, Turdus ;
Jard. et Selby, Tanthocincla
Hodgs., Pomatorhinus ,
Rufidorsa, Strickl., Ceyx
Rafifrons, Hodgs., Ixops

Hodgs., Actinodura
Rufilatus, Hodgs., Nemura :
Rufimentum, Hodgs., Cinclosoma
Rufinus, Riipp. “f Falco :
Rufipedoides, McClell., Falco
Rufipes, Beseke, Falco pipes 3
Rufitinctus, McClell., Spizaétus ,
Rufiventer, Valenc., Ocypterus
Blyth, Pteruthius

Hodgs., Tesia ,

Rufiventris, Smith, Accipiter
Lath., Sylvia

Rufocaudatus, Eyton, Byendnotas
Rufogularis, Gould, Janthocincla
— Moore, Ruticilla

Hodgs., Anthus

Rufula, Lafr., Muscicapa
Rufulus, Blyth, “oui aie
Vieill., Anthus

— Drap., Turdus

Rufus, Gmel., Falco

Jerd., Circus é

Rupestris, Brehm., Chelidon
Scop., Hirundo :
Rupicola, Hodgs., Hirundo ,
Riippellii, Natterer, Vultur .
Bonap., Eurocephalus ,
Rusticola, Meyer, Hirundo
Ruticilla, Swains., Phoenicura
Sacer, Sch., Falco ‘
Sannio, Sundev., Muscicapa ,
Sapphira, Tickell, Muscicapa
Saturatior, Hodgs., apa
Hodgs., Saxicola :
Saularis, Linn., Gracula
Savignyi, Temm.., Merops
Saxatilis, Zinn., Turdus .
Scapularis, Horsf., lora .
Hodgs., Thamnobia

Schach, Gmel., Lanius

"314,

197
294

SPECIFIC NAMES.

Schistacea, Hodgs., Grandala_ pp.

Schistaceus, Hodgs., Enicurus
Schisticeps, Hodgs., Pomatorhinus
Hodgs., Phoenicura F
—— Hodgs., Abrornis

Hodgs., Budytes

Schistilata, Hodgs., Nivicola
Schistinotus, Hodgs., Parus ,
Schlegelii, Bonap., Halcyon .
Bonap., Pitta . :
Scops, Linn., Strix .

Scouleri, Vigors, Enicurus
Scutarius, Hodgs., Accipiter
Scutulata, Raffles, Strix. . 68,
Seloputo, Horsf., Strix .
Semiczerulea, Forsk., Alcedo
Semirufa, Riipp., Bessonornis
Semitorquatus, Smith, Falco
Senilis, Tickell, Tbamnocataphus
Sepiaria, Horsf., Brachypteryx
Sepium, Horsf., Orthotomus
Sericeogula, Hodgs., Raya
Sericeus, Temm., Orthotomus
Sericophrys, Hodgs., Parus .
Setafer, Hodgs., Cinclosoma
Severus, Horsf., Falco

Shaheen, Jerd., Falco

Shanhu, Gmel., Turdus ..
Sheltobriuskha, Lepech., Motacilla
Signata, McCtell., Leiothrix :
Silens, Tickell, Lanias

Simensis, Riipp., Merula

Similis, Jerd., Anthus
Simillimus, Jerd., Turdus
Simplex, Less., Pycnonotus
Less., Ruticilla

Sinensis, Lath., Strix

—— J. HE. Gray, Hirundo

— Linn., Turdus .

—— Gmel., Parus

— Gmel., Muscicapa ,

Gmel., Turnagra
Smyrnensis, Linn., Alcedo
Socialis, Sykes, Prinia ;
Solaris, Blyth, Pericrocotus .
Soloénsis, Horsf., Falco
Somervillei, Sykes, Timalia .

Sonneratii, Jard. et er Chlo-
2

ropsis .
Sonnuinensis, Lath., Falco
Sordidus, Less., Lanius » ier
Hodgs., Chaitaris at NN
Hodgs., Pericrocotus
Spadicea, Reinw., Strix. .
Speciosa, Horsf., Motacilla ,
Speciosus, Lath., Turdus
Sphenurus, Gould, Haliaétus
Spilinotus, Blyth, Parus
Swains., Orthotomus .
Spilocephalus, Blyth, Ephialtes

3 Mm

450

Splendens, Tickell, Criniger . _p.

Squamata, Gould, Microura ,
Hodgs., Pnoépyga .
Gould, Ianthocincla ;
Squamatum, Eyton, Malacopteron
Stellatus, Gould, Podargus
Strepitans, Temm., Strix
Smith, Turdus
Striata, Blyth, Timalia. 4 «%
Vig. et Horsf., acy cep
Striatus, Vigors, Garrulax
Blyth, Trichophorus
Jerd., Megalurus
Striga, Horsf., Ceblepyris
Strigatus, Eyton, Lanius
Strigiceps, Hodgs., Neornis .
Strigula, Hodgs., Siva
Striolata, Temm., Hirundo
Striolatus, Blyth, Anthus
Strophiata, Hodgs., Butaquila
Hodgs., Siphia ,
Strophiatus, Hodgs., Accentor
Subbuteo, Linn., Falco a tet
Subfurcatus, Blyth, Cypselus
Subhemalayana, Hodgs., Cisticola
Subhemalayanus, Hodgs., ee
dytes_ , :
Subrufa, Jerd., Timolia F
Subsoccata, Hodgs., Hirundo
Subtypicus, Hodgs., Accipiter
Subunicolor, Hodgs. € sare
teron .
Subviridis, Tickell, Motacilla
Suecica, Linn., Motacilla
Suecicoides, Hodgs., Calliope
Sulphurea, Bechst., Motacilla
Sultaneus, Hodgs., Falco
Hodgs., Parus.
Sumatrana, Raffes, Strix
Bonap., Mixornis
Less., Melanochlora
Sumatranus, Rafies, Merops.
Raffies, Coracias
Sumatrensis, Lafr., Falco
Sundara, Hodgs., Niltava
Sunia, Hodgs., Scops :
Superbus, Pennant, Merops .
Superciliaris, Blyth, Dimorpha
Jerd., Muscicapa
Jerd., Phoenicura
— (Hodgs. ) Moore, Tarsiger
—— Hay, Turdirostris .
Blyth, Xipbirhynchus
Superciliosus, Vig. et Horsf., Pom.
Gould, Artamus .
—— Swains., Tephrodornis ,
Lath., Lanias Us
Sutoria, Gmel.. Motacilla
Swainsonii, Smith, Circus
Smith, Haleyon

INDEX

157
180

Syama, Hodgs., Baza

Sybilla, Gmel., Motacilla
Sykesii, Less., Circus
Strickl., Lalage . .
Sylvatica, Tickell, Motacilla ,
Jerd., Prinia

Sylviella, Lath., Sylvia
Tachiro, Daud., Falco
Takko, Hamilton, Turdus
Tarayensis, Hodgs., Circaétus
Hodgs., Noctua
Tectirostris, Hodgs., Bhringa.
Teesa, Frankl., Circus
Temminckii, Less., Corydon .
Vigors, Myiophonus
Gould, Lyncornis
Tenuiceps, Hodgs., Abrornis .
Tenuirostris, Gould, Cinchus .
Tephronotus, Vigors, Collurio
Ternatana, Briss., Ispida
Terricolor, Hodgs., Pastor
Tickelli, Blyth, Cringer .
Tigrinus, Drapiez, Lanius
Tinnunculoides, Schinz., Falco
Tinnunculus, Linn., Falco
Tithys, Scop., Sylvia
Thalassina, Swains., Muscicapa
Thermophilus, Hodgs., Falco
Hodgs., Anthus
Thoracica, Temm., Timalia
Blyth, Dumeticola .
Torquata, Gmel., Hirundo
Torquatus, Lath., Merops
Hodgs., Merops
Traillii, Vigors, Pastor
Tricolor, Hodgs., Lanius
— lLess.,Turdus ,.,
— Hartl., Muscicapa .
Hodgs., Digenea
Hodgs., Phoenicura
Trichorros, Temm., Timalia ,
Tridactyla, Linn., Alcedo
Triostegus, Sparm., Turdus ,
Tristis, Blyth, Brachypodius ,
Blyth, Phylloscopus
Trivialis, Zinn., Alauda .
Trivirgatus, Temm., Falco

Trochiloides, Sundev., Acanthiza .

Tubiger, Hodgs., Noctua
Typhia, Linn., Motacilla
Typicus, Hodgs., Merops

Tyrannides, Tickell, Mascicapa

Tytleri, Jameson, Erythaca .
Ubiquitarius, Hodgs., Cichlops
Umbrata, Blyth, Uraru .
Undulata, Blyth, Athene

Undulatus, Vigors, Hematornis .

Unduliventer, Riipp., Falco .
Unicolor, Temm., Astur.
J. E. Gray, Haliaétus .

ee — Se es SS SOO Cee

——_ = oP Fe

OF SPECIFIC NAMES,

Unicolor, Jerd., Hirundo
Hodgs., Pnoépyga ._,
Hodgs., Heteromorpha ,
Urbica, Linn., Hirundo ,
Urica, Horsf., Merops
Vagans, Leach, Mecistura
Valida, Blyth, Drymoica ,
Varia, Strickl., Ceryle
Eyton, Halcyon.
Variegata, Vieill., Alcedo
Steph., Motacilla

— Vieill., Motacilla
Deless., Muscicapa.

p. 100
180
376
384

88
374
328
131
390
128
348
353
365

Variegatum, ’Vigors, Cinclosoma , 207

Variegatus, Sykes, Circus
Blyth, Accentor

Varius, Horsf., Turdus .
Velata, Temm., Drymophila ,
Velatus, Temm., Enicurus
Vespertinus, Linn., Falco
Vidua, Temm., Ixos .
Vigorsi, Moore, Ruticilla
Vindhiana, Frankl., Aquila ,
Vinipectus, Hodgs., Siva.
Virescens, Blyth, Iole
Temm., Ixos ,

Blyth, Ixocincla
Virgatus, Reinw., Falco .
Temm., Lanius :
Viridanus, Blyth, Phylloscopus
Viridis, Linn., Merops

o> aes
. 9309
192
392

Viridis, Raffies, Calyptomena =p.

Hodgs., Hysipetes .

—— Horsf., Turdus :
— Gmel., Motacilla . ...
Viridissima, Temm., lora
Viscivorus, Linn., Turdus
Vittata, Hodgs., Aquila an
Vittatus, Jard. et Selby, Oypselas
Vociferus, Lath., Falco .
Vulgaris, Sav., Gyps

Flem., Otus 2 pda
Wardii, Jerdon, Tardas f°
Webbiana, G. R. Gray, Suthora .
Whitei, Eyton, Turdus .
Xanthochlora, Hodgs., Erpornis . ;
Xanthochloris, Hodgs., Pteruthius
Xanthogaster, Hodgs., Trichopho.
Hodgs., Abrornis °
Raffies, Lanius opis
Xanthogenys, Vigors, Parus .
Xantholemus, Jerd., Pycnotus
Xantholeuca, Hodgs., Erpornis
Xanthonotus, Horsf., Oriolus ,
Xanthonyx, Natterer, Falco. .
Xanthoschistos, Hodgs., ee
neuste , . fens
Hodgs., Motacilla alk ee
Zanthopygia, Hay, Muscicapa
Zeylonica, Gmel., Motacilla ,
Zorca, Cetti, Strix :
Zosterops, Vigors, Chloropsis :

END OF VOL. I.

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