vol.111. SEPTEMBER, 1882. N°- 12'
The Glory of God is I?uelligence.
THE
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THE CONTRIBUTOR.
CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1882.
PAGE.
Sermons and Writings of the Prophet Joseph. XII. The Government of God 353
Cumorah Orson Pratt. 357
The Secret of Beauty H. W. Naisbitt 359
The Musician's Dream Musicus 362
Self Culture John H. Kelson 365
Discovery of America..; William Robertson 367
The Restoration. II Edward H.Anderson 370
A Trip to Denmark. XI. Elsinore and Heligoland De Vallibiis 373
A Tunisian Court 376
Among the Ancient Indian Mounds Jos. L. Townsend 376
Editorial: Volume Four 378
Registration 379
The Echo Canon War. X. ...». Vaux 380
Motive of Reading , C, F. Richardson 383
Curiosities of Luxury 384
Association Intelligence: Notice 384
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THE CONTRIBUTOR.
The Glory of God is Intelligence.
Vol. III.
SEPTEMBER, 1882.
No. 12.
SERMONS AND WRITINGS OF THE PROPHET JOSEPH.
XII.
THE GOVERNMENT OF GOD.
The government of the Almighty has always been very dissimilar to the gov- ernment of men, whether we refer to his religious government, or to the govern- ment of nations. The government of God has always tended to promote peace, unity, harmony, strength and happiness; while that of man has been productive of confusion, disorder, weakness and mis- ery.
The greatest acts of the mighty men have been to depopulate nations and to overthrow kingdoms; and whilst they exalted themselves and became glorious, it has been at the expense of the lives of the innocent, the blood of the oppressed, the moans of the widow, and the tears of the orphan.
Egypt, Babylon, Greece, Persia, Car- thage, Rome — each was raised to dig- nity amid the clash of arms and the din of war; and whilst their triumphant leaders led forth their vtctorious armies to glory and victory, their ears were sa- luted with the groans of the dying and the misery and distress of the human family; before them the earth was a paradise, and behind them a desolate wilderness ; their kingdoms were founded in carnage and bloodshed, and sustained by oppression, tyranny and despotism. The designs of God, on the other hand, have been to promote the universal good of the universal world; to establish peace and good will among men; to promote the principles of eternal truth; to bring about a state of things that shall unite
man to his fellow man; cause the world 12
to "beat their swords into ploughshares, and their spears into pruning hooks," make the nations of the earth dwell in peace, and to bring about the Millennial glory, when the " earth shall yield its in- crease, resume its Paradisean glory, and become as the garden of the Lord."
The great and wise of ancient days have failed in all their attempts to pro- mote eternal power, peace and happi- ness. Their nations have crumbled to pieces; their thrones have been cast down in their turn, and their cities, and their mightiest works of art have been annihilated; or their dilapidated towers, or time-worn monuments have left us but feeble traits of their former magnificence and ancient grandeur. They proclaim as with a voice of thunder, those imperish- able truths — that man's strength is weak- ness, his wisdom is folly, his glory is his shame.
Monarchial, aristocratical and republi- can forms of government, of their va- rious kinds and grades, have, in their turn, been raised to dignity, and pros- trated in the dust. The plans of the greatest politicians, the wisest senators, and most profound statesmen have been exploded; and the proceedings of the greatest chieftains, the bravest generals, and the wisest kings have fallen to the ground. Nation has succeeded nation, and we have inherited nothing but their folly. History records their puerile plans, their short-lived glory, their feeble intellect and their ignoble deeds.
Have we increased in knowledge or intelligence? Where is there a man that can step forth and alter the destiny of
354
SERMOArS AND WRITINGS OF THE PROPHET.
nations and promote the happiness of the world? Or where is there a king- dom or nation that can promote the uni- versal happiness of its own subjects, or even their general well being? Our na- tion, which possesses greater resources than any other, is rent, from centre to circumference, with party strife, political intrigue, and sectional interest; our coun- selors are panic struck, our legislators are astonished, and our senators are con- founded, our merchants are paralyzed, tradesmen are disheartened, our me- chanics out of employ, our farmers dis- tressed, and our poor crying for bread, our banks are broken, our credit ruined, and our States overwelmed in debt, yet we are, and have been in peace.
What is the matter? Are we alone in this thing? Verily no. With all our evils we are better situated than any other nation. Let Egypt, Turkey, Spain, France, Italy, Portugal, Germany, Eng- land, China, or any other nation, speak, and tell the tale of their trouble, their perplexity, and distress, we should find that their cup was full, and that they were preparing to drink the dregs of sor- row. England, that boasts of her litera- ture, her science, commerce, etc., has her hands reeking with the blood of the innocent abroad, and she is saluted with the cries of the oppressed at home. Chartism, O'Connelism and radicalism are gnawing her vitals at home; and Ire- land, Scotland, Canada and the East are threatening her destruction abroad. France is rent to the core, intrigue, treach- ery and treason lurk in the dark, and murder and assassination stalk forth at noonday. Turkey, once the glory of European nations, has been shorn of her strength, has dwindled into her dotage, and has been obliged to ask her allies to propose to her tributary terms of peace; and Russia and Egypt are each of them opening their jaws to devour her. Spain has been the theatre of bloodshed, of misery and woe for years past. Syria is now convulsed with war and bloodshed. The great and powerful empire of China, which has for centuries resisted the at- tacks of barbarians, has become tributary to a foreign foej her batteries thrown
down, many of her cities destroyed, and her villages deserted. We might men- tion the Eastern Rajahs; the miseries and oppressions of the Irish; the con- vulsed state of Central America; the situation of Texas and Mexico; the state of Greece, Switzerland and Poland; nay, the world itself presents one great thea- tre of misery, woe, and ''distress of na- tions with perplexity." All, all speak with a voice of thunder, that man is not able to govern himself, to legislate for himself, to protect himself, to promote his own good nor the good of the world.
It has been the design of Jehovah, from the commencement of the world, and is His purpose now, to regulate the affairs of the world in His own time, to stand as head of the universe, and take the reins of government into His own hand. When that is done, judgment will be administered in righteousness; an- archy and confusion will be destroyed, and "nations will learn war no more." It is for want of this great governing principle that all this confusion has ex- isted; "for it is not in man that walketh, to direct his steps;" this we have fully shown.
If there was anything great or good in the world, it came from God. The con- struction of the first vessel was given to Noah, by revelation. The design of the ark was given by God, "a pattern of heavenly things." The learning of the Egyptians, and their knowledge of as- tronomy was no doubt taught them by Abraham and Joseph, as their records testify, who received it from the Lord. The art of working in brass, silver, gold, and precious stones, was taught by reve- lation, in the wilderness. The Architec- tural designs of the temple at Jerusalem, together with its ornament and beauty, were given of God. Wisdom to govern the house of Israel was given to Solomon and to the Judges of Israel; and if He had always been their king, and they subject to His mandate and obedient to His laws, they would still have been a great and mighty people — the rulers of the universe, and the wonder of the world.
If Nebuchadnezzar, or Darius, or Cy-
SERMONS AND WRITINGS OF THE PROPHET.
355
rus, or any other. king, possessed knowl- edge or power, it was from the same source, as the Scriptures abundantly tes- tify. If, then, God puts up one, and sets down another at His pleasure, and made instruments of kings, unknown to them- selves, to fulfil His prophecies, how much more was He able, if man would have been subject to His mandate to regulate the affairs of this world, and promote peace and happiness among the human family.
The Lord has at various times com- menced this kind of Government, and tendered His services to the human fam- ily. He selected Enoch, whom He di- rected, and gave His law unto, and to the people who were with him ; and when the world in general would not obey the commands of God, after walking with God, He translated Enoch and his church, and the Priesthood, or govern- ment of heaven, was taken away.
Abraham was guided in all his family affairs by the Lord; was conversed with by angels, and by the Lord; was told where to go, and when to stop; and prospered exceedingly in all he put his hand unto; it was because he and his family obeyed the counsel of the Lord.
When Egypt was under the superin- tendence of Joseph it prospered, because he was taught of God; when they op- pressed the Israelites, destruction came upon them. When the children of Is- rael were chosen with Moses at their head, they were to be a peculiar people, among whom God should place his name ; their motto was, " The Lord is our law- giver; the Lord is our judge ; the Lord is our king, and he shall rule over us." While in this state they might truly say, " Happy is that people whose God is the Lord." Their government was a theoc- racy; they had God to make their laws, and men chosen by Him to administer them; He was their God, and they were His people. Moses received the word of the Lord from God Himself; he was the mouth of God to Aaron, and Aaron taught the people, in both civil and ec- clesiastical affairs ; they were both one, there was no. distinction; so it will be when the purposes of God shall be ac-
complished: when "the Lord shall be king over the whole earth," and " Jeru- salem His throne." " The law shall go forth from Zion, and the word of the Lord from Jerusalem."
This is the only thing that can bring about the "restitution of all things spoken of by all the holy prophets since the world was" — "the dispensation of the fulness of times, when God shall gather together all things in one." Other attempts to promote universal peace and happiness in the human family have proven abortive ; every effort has failed ; every plan and design have fallen to the ground; it needs the wisdom of God the intelligence of God and the power of God to accomplish this. The world has had a fair trial for six thousand years; the Lord will try the seventh thousand Him- self; " He whose right it is will possess the kingdom, and reign until He has put all things under his feet;" iniquity will hide its hoary head, Satan will be bound, and the works of darkness destroyed; righteousness will be put to the line, and judgment to the plummet, and "he that fears the Lord will alone be exalted in that day." To bring about this state of things, there must of necessity be great confusion among the nations of the earth; "distress of nations with per- plexity." Am I asked what is the cause of the present distress ? I would'answer, " Shall there be evil in a city and the Lord hath not done it?"
The earth is groaning under corrup- tion, oppression, tyranny and bloodshed; and God is coming out of His hiding place, as He said He would do, to vex the nations of the earth. Daniel, in his vision, saw convulsion upon convulsion; he " saw till thrones were cast down, and the Ancient of Days did sit; and one was brought before him like unto the Son of Man ; and all nations, kindred, tongues and people did serve and obey him." It is for us to be righteous, that we may be wise and understand, for " none of the wicked shall understand; but the wise shall understand, and they that turn many to righteousness shall shine as the stars for ever and ever."
As a Church and a people it behooves
35^
SERMONS AND WRITINGS OF THE PROPHET.
us to be wise, and to seek to know the will of God, and then be willing to do it; for "blessed is he that heareth the word of the Lord, and keepeth it," say the Scriptures. "Watch and pray always," says our Savior, "that ye may be ac- counted worthy to escape the things that are coming 'on the earth, and to stand before the Son of Man." If Enoch, Abraham, Moses, the children of Israel, and all God's people were saved by keep- ing the commandments of God, we, if saved at all, shall be saved upon the same principle. As God governed Abra- ham, Isaac and Jacob as families, and the children of Israel as a nation, so we, as a Church, must be under His guidance if we are prospered, preserved and sus- tained. Our only confidence can be in God: our only wisdom obtained from Him; and He alone must be our pro- tector and safeguard, spiritually and tem- porally, or we fall.
We have been chastened by the hand of God heretofore for not obeying His commands, although we never violated any human law, or transgressed any hu- man precept; yet we have treated lightly His commands, and departed from His ordinances, and the Lord has chastened us sore, and we have felt His arm, and kissed the rod; let us be wise in time to come, and ever remember that a to obey is better than sacrifice, and to hearken than the fat of rams." The Lord has told us to build the Temple and the Nauvoo House; and that command is as binding upon us as any other; and that man who engages not in these things is as much a transgressor as though he broke any other command — he is not a doer of God's will, nor a fulfiller of His laws.
In regard to the building up of Zion, it has to be done by the counsel of Jeho- vah, by the revelations of heaven; and we should feel to say, " if the Lord go not with us, carry us not up hence." We would say to the Saints that come here, we have laid the foundation for the gath- ering of God's people to this place, and expect that when the Saints do come, they will be under the counsel of those that God has appointed. The Twelve
are set apart to counsel the Saints per- taining to this matter; and we expect that those who come here will send be- fore them their wise men, according to revelation; or if not practicable, be sub- ject to the counsel that God has given, or they cannot receive an inheritance among the Saints, or be considered as God's people, and they will be dealt with as transgressors of the laws of God. We are trying here to gird up our loins and purge from our midst the workers of iniquity; and we hope that when our brethren arrive from abroad, they will assist us to roll forth this good work, and to accomplish this great design, that "Zion may be built up in righteousness, and all nations flock to her standard;" that as God's people, under His direc- tion, and obedient to His law, we may grow up in righteousness and truth; that when His purposes shall be accom- plished, we may receive an inheritance among those that are sanctified.
Crimes lead one another. They who are capable of being forgers are capable of being incendiaries. — Burke.
Stopping a Windmill. — Almost ev- ery village or city ward is blessed with some "Sir Oracle." Occasionally he drifts into the Legislature, and there dis- covers that he is not as great as he thought himself. Some years ago, one of the wards of New York sent a bar- room orator to the Legislature. The impudent fellow, who would orate on every subject that came before the House, became a nuisance, and one witty mem- ber determined to suppress him: One day, in the midst of a windy harrangue, whose length and emptiness vexed the House, he stopped to take a drink of water. Up jumped the wit, with, "Mr. Speaker, I call the gentleman from New York to order." The member from New York stood aghast, with the glass in his hand, while the Speaker blandly said, — "The gentleman will state his point of order." "I submit, sif, that it is not in order for a wind-mill to go by water!" The shot tumbled the orator into his seat.
CUMORAH.
557
CUMORAH.
The Hill Cumorah is situated in wes- tern New York, between the villages of Palmyra and Canandaigua, about four miles from the former. It is celebrated as the ancient depository of the sacred gold plates from which the Book of Mormon was translated. Cumorah was the name by which the hill was desig- nated in the days of the Prophet Moroni, who deposited the plates about four hundred and twenty years after the birth of Christ. The Prophet Mormon, the father of Moroni, had been entrusted with all the sacred records of his fore- fathers, engraved on metallic plates. New plates were made by Mormon on which he wrote, from the more ancient books, an abridged history of the nation, in- corporating therewith many revelations, prophecies, the Gospel, etc. These new plates were given to Moroni to finish the history. And all the ancient plates, Mormon deposited in Cumorah, about three hundred and eighty-four years after Christ. When Moroni, about thirty-six years after, made the deposit of the book entrusted to him, he was, without doubt, inspired to select a department of the hill separate from the great sacred de- pository of the numerous volumes hid up by his father. The particular place in the hill, where Moroni secreted the book, was revealed, by the angel, to the Prophet Joseph Smith, to whom the volume was delivered in September, A.D. 1827. But the grand repository of all the numerous records of the ancient nations of the western continent, was located in another department of the hill, and its contents put under the charge of holy angels, until the day should come for them to be transferred to the sacred temple of Zion.
The hill Cumorah, with the surround- ing vicinity, is distinguished as the great battle-field on which, and near which, two powerful nations were concentrated with all their forces, men, women, and children, and fought till hundreds of thousands on both sides were hewn down, and left to moulder upon the
ground. Both armies were Israelites; both had become awfully corrupt, having apostatized from God: the Nephites, as a nation, became extinct: the Lamanites alone were left. This happened, accord- ing to their faithful records, near the close of the fourth century of the Chris- tian era. The American Indians are the remnants of the once powerful nation of Lamanites.
The hill Cumorah is remarkable also as being the hill on which, and around which, a still more ancient nation per- ished, called Jaredites: this unparalleled destruction is recorded in the Book of Ether; and happened about six centuries before Christ. The Jaredites colonized America from the Tower of Babel. After about sixteen centuries, during which they became exceedingly numerous, they through their terrible wars, destroyed themselves. The hill Cumorah, by them, was called Ramah. Millions fought against millions, until the hill Ramah, and the land round about, was soaked with blood, and their carcasses left in countless numbers unburied, to moulder back to mother earth.
There is no spot on this wide world of ours, which is calculated to excite more vivid reflections, than the wonderful hill of Cumorah. There the history of one- half of our globe, reposed, for fourteen centuries, in profound unbroken silence : there/'the everlasting Gospel," engraved, not on tablets of stone, but on plates of gold, awaited the voice of the heavenly angel to reveal the priceless treasure: there, buried in the holy archives of Cumorah's sacred hill, are plates of brass, plates of gold, undimmed by time ; sacredly guarded as the temple of heaven : there shines the Urim and Thummim, the stones of light, the gems of immor- tality: there, reposes in words of light, the hidden knowledge of ages past, the prophetic history of ages to come; there wisdom has selected her palace and understanding her dwelling place, until, "the spirit is poured out from on high," and "the skies pour down righteous-
353
CUMORAH.
ness;" then, "the earth opens and brings forth salvation."
Well did the inspired Patriarch, Job, inquire, "Where shall wisdom be found? and where is the place of understanding? (xxviii, 12.) "The place" cannot be sought out by man; "neither is it found in the land of the living. The depth saith, It is not in me: and the sea saith, It is not with me." If neither the depths of the sea, nor the generations of the living, know the holy hidden place, where shall it be sought? Is it in some sequestered wild? In some uninhabited desert or wilder- ness, where roams the beasts of prey? Is it on the surface of the earth, ex- posed to the vultures gaze, or to the keen eye of the lofty eagle? It is in "a path which no fowl knoweth, and which the vulture's eye hath not seen: the lion's whelps have not trodden it, nor the fierce lion passed by it?" "It is hid from the eyes of all living, and kept close from the fowls of the air." If neither man, nor beast, nor fowl hath seen it; if it has been withheld from mortal gaze; where shall we turn to renew our re- searches? The Patriarch exclaims, "Des- truction and Death say, we have heard the fame thereof with our ears." How truthful is this saying! The countless millions, whose dust and ashes enrich the soil of Cumorah's hill, "have heard the fame thereof." Let the nations of the dead speak from their lonely sepul- chres, and "whisper from the dust," the doings of bye-gone ages ! Let the faith- ful records of the ancient dead, declare the holy dwelling place of wisdom, the sacred depository of understanding! Though hidden from the gaze of covetous man, and protected from the polluted touch of unholy beings, yet, "God under- standeth the way thereof, and he know- eth the place thereof. For he lookelh to the ends of the earth, and seeketh under the whole heaven to make the weight for the winds; and he weigheth the waters by measure. When he made a decree for the rain, and a way for the lightning of thunder then did he see it, and declare it; he prepared it, yea, and searched it out." From days of old, he ordained it; on the land that is afar off,
He selected for it a habitation; "on the sides of the north," in a land of foun- tains, rivers, and lakes, he constructed for wisdom a house, and said unto knowl- edge, here shalt thou dwell, until the heavens shall reveal thy hiding place, and thy presence is sought again among the sons of men; then shalt thou teach mortals in "the fear of the Lord," and light the candle of understanding in their hearts; then shalt thou dwell in Zion, and light up the habitations thereof with thy glory."
These holy treasures, these sacred archives are too precious to be bought with the riches of this world. Hence, Job says, "It cannot be gotten for gold, neither shall silver be weighed for the price thereof. It cannot be valued with the gold of Ophir, with the precious onyx, or the sapphire. The gold and the crystal cannot equal it: and the ex- change of it shall not be for jewels or fine gold. No mention shall be made of coral, or of pearls: for the price of wis- dom is above rubies. For topaz of Ethiopia shall not equal it, neither shall it be valued with pure gold." All the wealth of ages is valueless, compared with the records of eternal wisdom, the inexhaustible fountain of understanding, hidden in the secret recesses of the wonderful — the beautiful — the lovely hill Cumorah! O, Cumorah! the hill of ancient Seers and Prophets ! the hill of God! Sanctified by holy angels' feet! From thy bowels is heard a voice, low, sweet, mild, of heavenly tones! yet it thrills through every fibre of the heart! It speaks of man — of God — of earth — of heaven — of hell! It speaks of the past — of the future — of the destiny of nations — the reign of Messiah — the resurrection — the final judgment! O holy, lovely mount ! the sacred resting place of Zion's law ! In thy chambers dwell eternal riches! In thy lovely bosom are foun- tains that never dry ! Speak! O speak again ! Let Zion hear thy voice ! for thy voice is not the voice of feeble helpless man ! but the voice of the Eternal One, speaking from the ground. Let Zion sing for joy! let the heavens be full of praise; for thou, O Lord, makest the earth to
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disclose its wonders; thou bringest forth truth from the bowels thereof; thou openest the gates of wisdom, and showest thy words unto the sons of men! Hidden things are brought to light — things most precious to the soul! let the hills and mountains break forth into singing! let the earth itself utter songs of everlasting joy! let glory, honor, and everlasting power, be unto Him who '
sitteth upon the throne, who holdeth the keys of Creation and Redemption for- ever more. Orson Pratt.
He who thinks for himself and rarely imitates is a freeman. — Klopstock.
Character gives splendor to youth, awe to wrinkled skin and gray hairs. — Ewer son.
THE SECRET OF BEAUTY.
The standard of beauty is as diverse as are nationalities; the name of excel- lence is claimed by every grade and variety as its own especial possession, and all controversy rests, not on univer- sal conclusions as to what true beauty is, but upon such local national habits or tradition as each may exemplify.
Thick lips, kinky hair and large feet are the boast and glory of the Africans, small feet and almond eyes of the Chinese, and some races enhance their so-called charms by tattooing the skin, or loading the ears and nose with orna- ments and jewelry, from the brass wire or shell of barbarous families, to the more ornate adorning of the semi-civil- ized and cultured among mankind.
Many of these supposed marks and insignia of beauty are positively repel- lant and awfully ugly to modern ethics of taste as received by the most highly intellectual nations, yet even here, how often deformity is considered as beauty, if the dictum of fashion pronounces it to be "the thing." Corset squeezing, am- plified crinoline, narrow skirts, high- heeled boots or shoes, the use of pig- ments, powders, rouge, and much of the paraphernalia of the toilet, are neither aids nor adjuncts to real beauty, only as so indicated by the thirst for change and the imperious claims of "the ton or leaders of society."
Physical beauty was the tie plus ul- tra of Greek culture, and the laws of proportion in regard to "the human form divine," were then so well established as to be still considered a comparatively
perfect standard by the artist and the .aesthete; the efforts then made to create and perpetuate their conceptions of man- ly and womanly perfection in a physical sense, savored of an earnestness and devotion, which modern indifference has rendered obsolete; the custom of adorn- ing the bed chamber with statuary and pictures, in which the ideal was en- shrined, marks a fine advance in conclu- sions and application, concerning con- ception, on the action of Jacob in his bargain with his father-in-law in regard to the cattle which should be "ring- streaked and speckled;" and the prac- tice of putting to death, or otherwise disposing of imperfect or deformed pos- terity made progress everywhere possi- ble and practically compulsory.
There was in all this more than an inkling of the power of law, of the in- fluence of surroundings, of the cease- less activity of certain eternal forces, in moulding, in making or marring; a con- ception of things which must have been the product of active mental tempera- ment, continued may be for ages ere the arrival of the period when Greek art, and Greek thought became immortalized in marble and in monuments which have survived the extinction or reduction of a once proud nationality; a time which not only their own descendants look upon as an age of glory, but one to which all students have turned, now turn, as to the veritable golden age, the period of romance, yet of reality; a time when sculptors were kings, and painters were potentates, and architects were counted
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among the nobles, all ministering to national vanity and giving them mag- nificent preeminence, the echo of which is to-day more loud, and effective, and influential, and inspirational, and poetic than the combined art music of twenty centuries which since then have passed away.
Will it be presumptuous in a Lat- ter-day Saint to claim that he is as- sociated with forces and influences which tend to manly and womanly beauty, such as the masters of Greek art and culture failed to comprehend? May such a one safely assert that in the revelations given to Joseph there are conceptions which when realized will tend to a standard of excellence such as was undreamt of in the palmy days of royal Greece? Yet so it is, the keys of change, of purifica- tion, of redemption, of regeneration, of re- finement, of beauty, are in the possession of this mountain nation ; and the forces are already at work in this direction, not for the production of physical beauty only, of that perfection of form which comes of true proportion in regard to the general features of human organization, but they claim to have access to that all pervading spirit which creates expres- sion, which, refining and animating, will soar far beyond petty prettiness, and simple roundness, and certain harmony of parts, and effective color, as well as old ideals, by incontestable recreation, through obedience to law and knowl- edge of origin, and certainty of destiny, such as had no foothold in the theories of the polished Greek.
There was a world of meaning in the word of Paul, who declared that the preaching of "the cross" was "to the Jew a stumbling block, and to the Greek foolishness, but to them who believed, it was the power of God and the wisdom of God." The schools of philosophy, the vast mythology, the rev- erence for education, for refinement, for beauty, were, while often inspirational, so saturated with vanity and self, so redolent of man and so little perfumed by the air of heaven— so little illuminated by its soft and mellow sunshine, that apostolic re- buke tells more of actual conditions in
words, than all the classics which have comedown to us from that far off time. Physiognomists give, in the promulga- tion of their thoughts, such illustrations as they deem reliable, in regard to the progressive or retrograde characteristics of man and woman as the result of indi- vidual habit and association; when good, step by step there is a sure and certain advance, when evil, step by step there is also a sure and certain retrogression. There is truth in this representation, the subtle influences of companionship, affect the mental, moral and spiritual man, the face is the index of the spirit, its lines, its active expression, the expression of its repose, indicate the workings of the soul within; as in the physical, you may often detect the occupation or profession of a man, so in the eye or the face you may even more invariably detect the illtem- pered, the peevish, the irritable, the peaceful, the kind, the uncomplaining disposition; and not only are these simple traits thus manifest, but the more active characteristics can be readily dis- covered; the drunkard, the sensualist, the thief, the hypocrite not infrequently bear, where all may see, the stamp or im- print of those created or fostered attri- butes which lower and sink the dignity of the man. Now, as to the conception of origin, is it not inspiring, is it not pro- vocative of effort for improvement, is it not suggestive of restraint; is not every unworthy thought, word, act, subject to the permeating influence of the idea — the revelation, that man is the child of God? If one would hesitate to disgrace a hu- man lineage, the prestige of a lordly house, or the fair fame of a good, humble, honest father or mother, how would even little things bring discredit on those who are "Sons of God and joint heirs with Jesus Christ?" and if men, in professional life, such as the clergy, the judiciary, the doctor, feel a cer- tain pride in, and are sensitive as to keeping unsullied the so called "cloth," may we not expect better things from one, who, with more than professional pride, aspires to keep himself or herself unsullied from the world? If those who are heirs to thrones are tenacious of
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propriety in exhibiting- even small points or defects of character, if they feel that royalty is disgraced by any thing mean or sordid, or vulgar or petty, what might we not expect from those who know that they are of more than "royal blood," who claim relationship with the "King of kings and Lord of lords?" Surely they would avoid even "the very appearance of evil!" This ever-present revelation of lofty origin and the consequent brotherhood of man, will surely bring into play all faith, all repentance, all good works, all the excellencies of en- lightened disposition and bearing, and so but a short time would elapse before these undercurrents of thoughts and uppercurrents of action, would become in human progress as a grand "gulf stream," bearing warmth and verdure and life, to every coast of a stricken, a chilled and selfish world.
But as intelligence and the knowledge of law increases, such as those seek unto God, they covenant with Him, they, in the order of spiritual growth, become "partakers of the spirit," "God working them to will and to do of his good pleas- ure;" they are being brought en rapport with the unseen forces of the spiritual world, there is a "transforming" process in operation, and the observant would say, as was said of some of the early disciples who were influenced by the teachings and examples of their Master, that "they had been with Jesus and had learnt of him," regenerated man crys- tallizes into regenerated organized so- ciety, until prophetic rapture is fulfilled, "Out of Zion, the perfection of beauty God hath shined." Psalm 1, 2.
It is the indwelling of the spirit of God leading to the observance of "every word proceeding from His mouth" which is the true key to the creation and reten- tion of real beauty, positive good looks as the index of the soul within; the features may even be homely, the style unfashionable, regularity of contour may be unknown, but there will be illumina- tion, there will be expression, the very soul of goodness, the attraction and charm of content, of trust in God, satis- faction with his providences, assurance
of his care, yet these will "be dilligent in business, fervent in spirit, serving the Lord." Obedience to "words of wisdom" will rejuvenate the physical, communion with the heavens will give elasticity to the spiritual, increasing knowledge will give power and tone to the mental and intellectual; the quickening of the moral perceptions will prompt to righteousness in the general relationship of life, and an understanding of the marriage tie, the family compact and eternal covenant, will expand the social faculties to un- limited possibilities in harmony with Divine purpose and that eternal plan which is "one continual round." So the Latter-day Saint — progressive and im- mortal— is the highest type of man; he is a "co-worker with God," made "a little lower than the angels" but destined to be "crowned with glory and honor." The philosophy of the Gospel is out of comparison with the philosophy of Greece: their highest type of manhood was physical and intellectual; their religion was mythical, and their altars were erected to "the unknown God;" hence their effort and glory became as a "dream of the night." The prophet and philosopher of our time, rewelded the broken links of man's origin, and of the past, the present and the future, made one unbroken chain. He was not satisfied with any human idea of physical beauty which consisted in harmonious lines, but he reiterated that marvelous saying of old, "Now are we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be, but we know that when He shall appear we shall be like him, for we shall see him as he is." There will be. oppor- tunities of contrast, and the prayer will then be fulfilled, "Father, glorify these that thou hast given me, with the glory which I had with thee, before the world was." This is no "unknown God," it is the God of Israel, the God of Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, "he is our God forever and forever!"
No momentary pre-eminence, no sim- ple historic memory is the heritage of this "nation of Kings and Priests;" they will live and exemplify in progressive organization the power of many sided
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truth, and the superiority of ever-increas- ing spiritual life, then when the brilliancy of Grecian and Roman, and even mod- ern civilization, shall have been forgotten or if remembered, shall be so only as stepping-stones, good in their place, but fitful and evanescent, or as preparatory to the establishment of that Kingdom
which shall endure forever and forever, "Thine eyes then shall see the King in his beauty, and the land that is now a very far off." — Isaiah xxxiii, 17.
H. IV. Naisbitt.
It iz better to kno less than to kno so mutch that ain't so. — Josh Billings.
THE MUSICIAN'S DREAM.
"Once upon a time," within a small but neat cottage, in the beautiful city named after the Great Salt Lake, a young musician sat dreamily, his eyes staring at the wall opposite, instead, as was his usual habit, of devouring the contents of the many books lying before him. Yes, his Richters' Manual of Har- mony, Counterpoint, Berlioz's Instrument- ation, Garcia's Art of Singing, and many other "methods" for this and that, were for the moment forgotten. He had been reading the biographies of his favorite old masters — Handel, Beethoven, and that beautiful though somewhat romantic history of the life of the great yet child- like Mozart. No youthful musician, or even a stranger to the divine art, can read this without loving the eminent master; while those who revel in his magic strains blend the music and the man, and admire the two in one, almost to adoration. While thoughts of these noble masters filled the background of our hero's dream, other thoughts, more real and practical, were between him and the wall. Thoughts of our present mu- sical state — what it is and what it might be — filled his mind, and he murmured to himself, why have we no Handels, or Mozarts. The answer came quickly: Wheat does not grow where weeds only are sown. The musical art must be planted and nourished before noble champions like the great ones of Ger- many, past and present, can spring up. We must first become a musical people in very deed, not only lovers of it, but practical workers. How to aid in bring- ing the people to that musical state now enjoyed by many of the European na-
tions— Germany, France, Italy, England, or even Wales, where the workingmen dared to organize musical societies and enter the great wealthy and learned city of London, compete with her societies and win the grand prize, with the whole world as competitor. This instance proves that great wealth is not necessary to make a community musical.
Thus our dreamer thought and stared until he fell asleep, when he dreamed a dream: Time had made a leap of some fifteen years or more, and he was sud- denly surprised to find himself by the gate entering to the once cottage, but now a mansion; he however entered, and was heartily welcomed by the host and hostess. The first things he saw of worth to him were a grand piano on one side of the room and an organ (which he soon found was far ahead of any such instru- ments he had known while awake) on the other side. After the usually hasty greetings, the two friends — such were the dreamer and host — were seated each at his favorite instrument, and Haydn, Handel, Beethoven. Chopin and Mozart, and many, to them, dear old departed masters lived again in their grand, sweet strains, as the two musicians, with the instruments thoroughly at their com- mand, went rapturously into the spirit and inspiration of the master strains. Oh, this love for sweet sounds! it awakens the noblest emotions of the heart! Yes, even of the soul. How strong it grows when nourished, fed and cultivated from our youth up to manhood and to old age ! Reader, have you never seen the eyes of the aged moistened, on hearing a sweet tender
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melody? It's like opening a casket full of precious things. All the dear memo- ries of past joys, and even sorrows made sweet by time, are entwined and folded in its magical windings. If you are young and would lay up treasures of comfort for old age, let religion and mu- sic be your companions while young.
But the dream; let the dreamer dream again! After some time, the strains of the dear old dead masters died away, and lo/ manuscripts were brought out and works of the living were played, yes, even enjoyed. Suddenly our dreamer starts at seeing one of the pieces lying before him. "Can it be," he exclaims,
" , my little favorite pupil of fifteen
years ago. He was then but a boy when he sang with me, and I taught him with so much pleasure, and now here he is a composer. Let us try it!" And soon the room is filled with the sweet strains com- posed by a youth who had never seen one hundred miles north, south, east or west of our grand old mountains. The dreamer's eyes were dim with tears of joy; he felt like clasping the noble musi- cian boy, now a man, in his arms, and he did bless every effort of his own to make this boy what he now was — the pride of a noble musical people. After this feast of music, the board was spread and they sat down to eat (for musicians do sometimes eat — a fact often over- looked by some who claim to be patrons of the divine art).
This important part over, they wended their way toward Main Street. It was now evening; the moon and electric lights were competing for superiority. Then joining together (unprofessor like), they made the streets almost as light as Aurora herself could have done. Dreamer was greatly surprised to see the many changes here. The street corners were robbed of their former night decor- ation, a bouquet of boys smoking cigar- ettes and shouting or laughing loudly at passersby, and he wondered what in life had become so enticing as to replace this favorite amusement. He soon found out the secret, for just then, passing a dwell- ing house, the door being open, he saw a picture, or the real ideal of one: A man
sat at a piano, his two elder sons sat one on each side, playing on a flute and vio- lin, while a woman, with two daughters on one side and two bright looking little lads of twelve or fourteen on the other, occupied the front. They were singing and playing. A regular family chorus and orchestra! Says his friend to the dreamer, "There are our street corner bouquets of old, they now decorate the household and greet the passersby with songs, in place of shouts; 'tis the same voice only used differently." Passing on, they were soon greeted by more sweet sounds, now a violin and organ, now the most beautiful and trained human voice accompanied with an instrument, and again a quartette of stringed instruments was heard playing some of the works of the great masters. All was peace, and music seemed to reign supreme. Com- ing to the ward assembly rooms, a noble male chorus is being sung and greets their ears. Dreamer hears with sur- prise and delight the voices of boys sing- ing the first tenor, going up to B with ease and their clear ringing voices blending most beautifully with the older and well trained voices of the second tenors and first and second bassos, he cries, "Surely this is the finest society in town," but his friend tells him we have nearly thirty such; they are the regular choirs of the Young Men's Mutual Im- provement Association we have in every ward. They often compete with each other in a friendly manner. This com- petition has done much toward perfect- ing them in the art, as it causes a more lively interest to be taken as well as a desire to excel. After competing, they join forces, and a fine choir of four hun- dred or more is the result. Our young ladies also have their choirs, and we are soon to have a grand oratorio performed in the large Tabernacle by a thousand voices, all our young men and ladies, and a chorus of two hundred boys. Dreamer cries in astonishment, "But how came this wonderful change?" His friend then explained, as they made their way to- ward the large and handsome music hall: "This is the work of twenty years or more. The credit of starting, per-
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haps, belongs to our Sunday schools. The old habit of depending almost en- tirely on our old and European brethren and sisters for our singing was there abandoned, and earnest workers began to teach our children how to sing their songs. This delighted the latter, who were quite musical, and children's sing- ing became so far a success that music was printed especially for them. Jubilees were held in our large Tabernacle, which were a success in more than one sense. Thanks to the noble efforts of many of our veterans who have labored so faithfully to make them so. Works of our home composers were sung and encouraged; it was, however, noticeable in these meetings that the boys did not take the lively interest which the girls did; in fact, our boys were held at a dis- count and considered not very musical. They also sang mostly in unison, none but the older persons singing parts, while reading was out of the question. Music was printed and furnished the scholars, but none of the little ones knew the meaning of the mysterious little black dots. Martial bands were also started and the boys began to take an interest, even to make some use of the black dots with fife and drum. However, love for singing was thoroughly im- planted, and ere long 'some little ones appeared on the Salt Lake stage, per- forming comic operas; this being quite a specialty and a success, our people be- gan to feel that our children could really sing, and soon after classes were organ- ized and nearly five hundred of our chil- dren were taught to sing in parts and also to read vocal music, the teacher making a specialty of teaching the boys to sing and read. Although it was no small task at first to induce parents to send their boys, as they had work for them, besides "boys could not sing," yet the mistake soon became clear when they heard the clear ringing voices ring out in melodious harmony, and the boys took so much delight in their new art as to even excel the girls in many instances. The charges for tuition were so low that all could afford to attend; indeed, half the number were taught free of
charge. These children are now become our conductors, teachers and composers. Classes soon became the rage; our young men and ladies formed music classes, and even our schools made new efforts to have vocal music as one of the regular . studies. Part singing soon ceased to be a mystery;, boys ceased to think it unmanly to sing, and took pride in excelling in music. Our music pages in the magazines became the most sought for in the papers in place of being an intrusion. These children grew and their musical taste grew with them; music became necessary in all the maga- zines for the use of young men and la- dies. Material being plentiful, our socie- ties no more were sickly or died away. Every ward began to be proud of their choirs, and music teachers and choir leaders began to wake up and find some of the young members farther advanced than themselves. Drones were dispensed with; • the musical profession ceased quarreling, as each member had his hands full, and many realizing that those only who understand can appreciate, la- bored faithfully to bring the people to an understanding. Teachers' associa- tions were formed and professors taught and were taught by each other. True, our choirs ceased to look so venerable with the numbers of grey and bald heads exhibited in the bassos and tenors, but they looked much brighter and evi- dently sounded so, as young voices and beaming eyes made up for the other. Yet now and then a venerable old gen- tleman could be seen as a father amongst his family. Instrumental music always flourishes where vocal music leads in the right direction. Musical instructions of a higher nature soon came into demand, and our music college first became a ne- cessity', then a reality ', as all things should do to flourish. Create an article before you create the demand, and you run the risk of a failure, as repeated attempts at different things in our midst have proved. For instance, our musical journals and societies, in the past, and other things, good in their nature, but doomed to die. Our college soon became filled with pu- pils, from near and far, who gave evi-
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dence of superior talents in the musical art. The very best teachers were en- gaged, the higher branches of the art were taught, home composition encour- aged, a greater perfection was attained in performance, and things being better performed naturally became more appre- ciated and loved. Our grand instru- ments, the pipe organs, no more remain idle, but are used daily by clever hands. Our music stores flourish, while our sa- loons are almost deserted. Our boys enjoy the fireside at home, and have become lovers of music in place of vic- tims to drink. Our music rooms have replaced the billiard hall, and as one art seldom flourishes alone, all the other re- fined arts are progressing hand in hand with music. Thus we have attained our present artistic state. Plant the tree, and with little but proper care the branches will grow themselves, and they will bear their delicious fruit."
By this time the friends had gained and entered the music hall. A lovely sight met their view. A large choir of five hundred singers, fifty boy altos all readers, our future hope, with an or- chestra of nearly a hundred pieces, was there, all ready to begin a fine composi- tion by one of our own masters. The
conductor's baton rises modestly but de- cisively(not as if he would clear the whole stage at one tremendous sweep, nor like the burlesque tragedian wielding his tin knife), they rise. Dreamer trembles with anticipation of the effect of the first grand chord, they start as one voice — the hall rings with the sound — oh, hor- ror!— with the nasal, coarse, immense twang of a boy yelling "Yankee Doo- dle," for the dreamer is awake, and the real present is surrounding him. He goes to Main Street, enjoying none or few of his dreamy phantasies on the way; finds things there — well, much of the dream is reversed; but let us be thankful, not all. Let us trust the tree has long been planted, and is growing, and will soon bear fruit, and don't let us forget to give it proper care and encour- agement, so that fifteen years hence Dreamer may be able to dream his dream over again with his eyes open and not be awakened with the same favorite air as to-day, but with the real sound of a thousand trained voices of men, women and children, singing the praises of Him who has blessed us above all people. With David of old, we say, "Let all the people praise Him."
Musicus.
SELF CULTURE.
The especial purpose of man's ex- istance upon the earth is to gain knowl- edge and experience, and thus become qualified to enjoy a higher and nobler state of being hereafter. Therefore, to improve the mind, and ennoble the character by all the embellishments of education, is the duty, and should be the aim of every one whose object is to se- cure, to their fulness, the benefits of the present life.
Knowledge is comprehension, percep- tion, perfect familiarity gained by exper- ience. It is an achievement, an inward growth, a personal possession. Knowl- edge is not an abstract quality. Its home and sanctuary is the immortal mind. To exist it must be possessed by the in-
dividual. One person cannot possess knowledge for another. Its acquisition is an individual affair: hence the neces- sity of individual effort.
In order to derive the best results from the acquirement of knowledge, re- gard must be paid to its character and quality. The object in view being self- improvement, the subjects studied should be useful and elevating. A great deal which is comprehended in the term learning, is not of this character. Much that is called science and philosophy is not only useless, but pernicious. Gen- uine knowledge must be carefully distin- guished from the counterfeit; the true from the false and vain philosophy. It is truth only that is ennobling. Error,
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no matter under what guise it may be presented, is dangerous in its moral ten- dencies. Error warps and perverts the mind, and when the poison is fairly im- bibed, it is no easy matter to eradicate it. Any system of philosophy which does not acknowledge a divine Creator, or a science which ignores divine revela- tion is unsafe to study. The tendency of that kind of human learning, which is based upon the wild theories, and in- genious speculations of philosophers and sectarian divines, is to lead the mind astray, to destroy faith in present revelation, and to elevate mortal man as the sole standard, and his wisdom the only source of light and knowledge. True knowledge and divine revelation are inseparable; and owing to the ab- sence of the latter, there is but little un- alloyed truth upon the earth. The keys of true science and philosophy belong to the priesthood of the living God.
The domain of knowledge is so vast, and the facilities for acquiring its rich treasures so ample, that each one may select any desired portion of the field, and labor, explore and gather. Here there is no fear of encroaching upon the rights and premises of another; for the texture of knowledge is of such a sub- tile nature that it can neither be filched, nor purchased with money. Its full value must be paid in labor. Furthermore, it is a safe investment; no one, who ear- nestly labored in the pursuit of knowl- edge, ever failed to realize the full frui- tion of his exertions.
The method of acquiring knowledge is a subject of great importance to the student. Much time and labor are often lost through the lack of method and pur- pose. When choice has once been made of a subject, it should be studied thoroughly to the end, or until it is mas- tered. Many persons of studious and inquiring minds have succeeded in col- lecting a large amount of information upon a variety of subjects, but their at- tainments are of but little practical ben- efit, either to themselves or others, be- cause their information consists of iso- lated ideas, and disconnected facts float- ing about in the mind, without order and
arrangement. Disappointment and dis- couragement is oftentimes the result of attempting to grasp so much at a time. All haste and slovenliness should be carefully avoided in studying any sub- ject. Ideas should be clustered, and facts grouped in systematic order in the mind, that they may be ready for use at any time. But this facility in the use of knowledge can be acquired only by patient study, and judicious training. Where the mind is well disciplined in the art of collecting and systemizing? knowledge, the labor thereafter, is ma- terially lessened, and the pleasure of studious employment greatly enhanced.
This training and discipline of the mind, to act in accordance with estab- lished rules, is in perfect agreement with the powers and capabilities of our natures. Man is separated from the brute by his power to reason, to im- prove, and to invent; and to communi- cate his thoughts to others by articulate speech and written symbols. Animals and birds have perception and instinct. They experience unconscionable prompt- ings to action. They are endowed with intelligence sufficient to enable them to sustain and protect themselves and their young, but they do not advance, improve or invent. A sparrow makes her first nest, and bees their comb, with a skill equal to that of their predecessors; al- though they could never have seen this work done. Animals do not gain their intelligence by study and experience; hence they do not improve upon their methods, nor invent new designs. But man is endowed with God-like powers and faculties; and the intellectual and physical energies work together har- moniously, and everything is propitious and favorable urging him forth in the path of self-improvement.
And it is our duty to improve, a duty we owe to God, to ourselves, and to one another. It is not true, as often alleged, that efforts are made to keep the Latter- day Saints in ignorance — except, indeed, the efforts which are made in this direc- tion by our enemies. A prominent tenet of our creed is that, "No man can be saved in ignorance."' And we have a
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command, from the highest authority, "To seek learning, even by study, and also by faith." The Saints are the only Christians who teach that, education is essential to salvation. Nevertheless, secular or worldly knowledge alone is not sufficient to qualify man to enjoy a higher state of being hereafter.
A favorite dogma of abstruse philoso- phy is that, '"'All knowledge must be ac- quired through the sensuous faculties." "But there is a spirit in man, and the in- spiration of the Almighty giveth him understanding." And those who will "seek knowledge" not only by "study" but "also by faith" through the legiti-
mate channels of divine authority and revelation, will discover that there is, within themselves, a fountain of knowl- edge welling up and making plain to their understandings, mysteries, princi- ples and truths, which are unknown to human science and philosophy.
A great amount of knowledge which the ancients possessed has been lost to the world; and a still greater amount of truth has to be revealed, in this age, which the world has never had. It is the mission and destiny of the Saints to restore the former and to receive the latter, and thus fill the earth with knowl- edge and truth. John H. Kelson.
DISCOVERY OF AMERICA.
Next morning, being Friday, the third day of August, in the year 1492, Colum- bus set sail a little before sunrise, in presence of a vast crowd of spectators, who sent up their supplications to Heaven for the prosperous issue of the voyage, which they wished rather than expected. Columbus steered directly for the Canary Islands, and arrived there without any occurrence that would have deserved no- tice on any other occasion. But in a voyage of such expectation and impor- tance, every circumstance was the object of attention.
Upon the 1st of October they were, according to the admiral's reckoning, seven hundred and seventy leagues to the west of the Canaries; but, lest his men should be intimidated by the prodi- gious length of the navigation, he gave out that they had proceeded only five hundred and eighty-four leagues; and, fortunately for Columbus, neither his own pilot nor those of the other ships had skill sufficient to correct this error and discover the deceit. They had now been above three weeks at sea; they had proceeded far beyond what former navi- gators had attempted or deemed possible ; all their prognostics of discovery, drawn from the flight of birds and other circum- stances, had proved fallacious; the ap- pearances of land, with which their
own credulity or the artifice of their commander had from time to time flat- tered and amused them, had been alto- gether illusive, and their prospect of suc- cess seemed now to be as distant as ever. These reflections occurred often to men who had no other object or occupation than to reason and discourse concerning the intention and circumstances of their expedition. They made impression at first upon the ignorant and timid, and extending by degrees to such as were better informed or more resolute, the contagion spread at length from ship to ship. From secret whispers or mur- murings they proceeded to open cabals and public complaints. They taxed their sovereign with inconsiderate credulity, in paying such regard to the vain prom- ises and rash conjectures of an indigent foreigner, as to hazard the lives of so many of her own subjects in prosecuting a chimerical scheme. They affirmed that they had fully performed their duty by venturing so far in an unknown and hopeless course, and could incur no blame for refusing to follow any longer a desperate adventurer to certain destruc- tion. They contended that it was neces- sary to think of returning to Spain while their crazy vessels were still in a condi- tion to keep the sea, but expressed their fears that the attempt would prove vain,
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DISCOVERY OF AMERICA.
as the wind, which had hitherto been so favorable to their course, must render it impossible to sail in the opposite direc- tion. All agreed that Columbus should be compelled by force to adopt a meas- ure on which their common safety de- pended. Some of the more audacious proposed, as the most expeditious and certain method of getting rid at once of his remonstrances, to throw him into the sea, being persuaded that, upon their re- turn to Spain, the death of an unsuccess- ful projector would excite little concern, and be inquired into with no curiosity.
Columbus was fully sensible of his perilous situation. He had observed, with great uneasiness, the fatal operation of ignorance and of fear in producing disaffection among his crew, and saw that it was now ready to burst out into open mutiny. He retained, however, perfect presence of mind. He affected to seem ignorant of their machinations. Notwithstanding the agitation and solici- tude of his own mind, he appeared with a cheerful countenance, like a man satis- fied with the progress he had made, and confident of success. Sometimes he em- ployed all the arts of insinuation to soothe his men. Sometimes he endeav- ored to work upon their ambition or ava- rice by magnificent descriptions of the fame and wealth which they were about to acquire. On other occasions he as- sumed a tone of authority, and threatened them with vengeance from their sover- eign if, by their dastardly behavior, they should defeat this noble effort to promote the glory of God, and to exalt the Span- ish name above that of every other na- tion. Even with seditious sailors, the words of a man whom they had been ac- customed to reverence were weighty and persuasive, and not only restrained them from those violent excesses which they meditated, bnt prevailed with them to accompany their admiral for some time longer.
As they proceeded, the indications of approaching land seemed to be more cer- tain, and excited hope in proportion. The birds began to appear in flocks, making towards the southwest. Colum- bus, in imitation of the Portuguese navi-
gators, who had been guided in several of their discoveries by the motion of birds, altered his course from due west towards that quarter whither they pointed their flight. But after holding on for several days in this new direction, with- out any better success than formerly, having seen no object during thirty days but the sea and the sky, the hopes of his companions subsided faster than they had risen; their fears revived with addi- tional force ; impatience, rage and des- pair appeared in every countenance. All sense of subordination was lost. The officers, who had hitherto concurred with Columbus in opinion, and supported his authority, now took part with the private men; they assembled tumultuously on the deck, expostulated with their com- mander, mingled threats with their ex- postulations, and required him instantly to tack about and return to Europe. Co- lumbus perceived that it would be of no avail to have recourse to any of his former arts, which, having been tried so often, had lost their effect ; and that it was impossible to rekindle any zeal for the success of the expedition among men in whose breasts fear had extinguished every generous sentiment. He saw that it was no less vain to think of employing either gentle or severe measures to quell a mutiny so general and so violent. It was necessary, on all these accounts, to soothe passions which he could no longer command, and to give way to a torrent too impetuous to be checked. He prom- ised solemnly to his men that he would comply with their request, provided they would accompany him and obey his com- mands for three days longer, and if dur- ing that time land was not discovered, he would then abandon the enterprise, and direct his course towards Spain.
Enraged as the sailors were, and impa- tient to turn their faces towards their na- tive country, this proposition did not ap- pear to them unreasonable; nor did Columbus hazard much in confining him- self to a term so short. The presages of discovering land were now so numerous and promising that he deemed them in- fallible. For some days the sounding- line reached the bottom, and the soil that
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it brought up indicated land to be at no great distance. The flocks of birds in- creased, and were composed not only of sea-fowl, but of such land-birds as could not be supposed to fly far from the shore. The crew of the Pinta observed a cane floating, which seemed to have been newly cut, and likewise a piece of tim- ber artificially carved. The sailors aboard the Nigna took up the branch of a tree with red berries perfectly fresh. The clouds around the setting sun as- sumed a new appearance ; the air was more mild and warm, and during night the wind became unequal and variable. From all these symptoms, Columbus was so confident of being near land, that on the evening of the nth of October, after public prayers for success, he or- dered the sails to be furled, and the ships to lie to, keeping strict watch lest they should be driven ashore in the night. During this interval of suspense and ex- pectation, no man shut his eyes; all kept upon deck, gazing intently towards that quarter where they expected to discover the land, which had so long been the ob- ject of their wishes.
About two hours before midnight, Co- lumbus, standing on the forecastle, ob- served a light in the distance, and pri- vately pointed it out to Pedro Guttierez, a page of the queen's wardrobe. Gut- tierez perceived it, and calling to Salcedo, comptroller of the fleet, all three saw it in motion, as if it were carried from place to place. A little after midnight, the joyful sound of "Land! land!" was heard from the Pinta, which kept always ahead of the other ships. But having been so often deceived by fallacious ap- pearances, every man was now become slow of belief, and waited in all the an- guish of uncertainty and impatience for the return of day. As soon as morning dawned, all doubts and fears were dis- pelled. From every ship an island was seen about two leagues to the north, whose fiat and verdant fields, well stored with wood, and watered with many rivu- lets, presented the aspect of a delightful country. The crew of the Pinta in- stantly began the Te Deum^ as a hymn of thanksgiving to God, and were joined
J 2^
by those of the other ships with tears of joy and transports of congratulation. This office of gratitude to Heaven was followed by an act of justice to their commander. They threw themselves at the feet of Columbus with feelings of self-condemnation mingled with rev- erance. They implored him to par- don their ignorance, incredulity and inso- lence, which had created him so much unnecessary disquiet, and had so often obstructed the prosecution of his well- concerted plan; and passing, in the warmth of their admiration, from one extreme to another, they now pronounced the man, whom they had so lately re- viled and threatened, to be a person in- spired by Heaven with sagacity and for- titude more than human, in order to ac- complish a design so far beyond the ideas and conceptions of all former ages.
As soon as the sun arose, all their boats were manned and armed. They rowed towards the island with their col- ors displayed, with warlike music and other martial pomp. As they approached the coast, they saw it covered with a multitude of people, whom the novelty of the spectacle had drawn together, whose attitudes and gestures expressed wonder and astonishment at the strange objects which presented themselves to their view. Columbus was the first Eu- ropean who set foot on the new world which he had discovered. He landed in a rich dress, and with a naked sword in his hand. His men followed, and, kneel- ing down, they all kissed the ground which they had so long desired to see. They next erected a crucifix, and pros- trating themselves before it, returned thanks to God for conducting their voyage to such a happy issue. They then took solemn possession of the country for the crown of Castile and Leon, with all the formalities which the Portuguese were accustomed to observe in acts of this kind in their new discov- eries.
The Spaniards, while thus employed, were surrounded by many of the natives, who gazed in silent admiration upon ac- tions which they could not comprehend, and of which they did not foresee the
37°
THE RESTORATION.
consequences. The dress of the Span- iards, the whiteness of their skins, their beards, their arms, appeared strange and surprising. The vast machines in which they had traversed the ocean, that seemed to move upon the water with wings, and uttered a dreadful sound re- sembling thunder, accompanied with lightning and smoke, struck them with such terror that they began to respect their new guests as a superior order of beings, and concluded that they were children of the sun, who had descended to visit the earth.
The Europeans were hardly less amazed at the scene now before them. Every herb and shrub and tree was dif- ferent from those which flourished in Europe. The soil seemed to be rich, but bore few marks of cultivation. The cli- mate, even to the Spaniards, felt warm, though extremely delightful. The in- habitants appeared in the simple inno- cence of nature, entirely naked. Their black hair, long and uncurled, floated upon their shoulders, or was bound in tresses on their heads. They had no beards, and every part of their bodies was perfectly smooth. Their complexion was of a dusky copper color, their fea- tures singular rather than disagreeable, their aspect gentle and timid. Though not tall, they were well shaped and ac- tive. Their faces, and several parts of
their bodies, were fantastically painted with glaring colors. They were shy at first through fear, but soon became fami- liar with the Spaniards, and with trans- ports of joy received from them hawk- bells, glass beads, or other baubles; in return for which they gave such provi- sions as they had, and some cotton yarn, the only commodity of value which they could produce. Towards evening, Co- lumbus returned to his ship, accompa- nied by many of the islanders in their boats, which they called canoes, and which, though rudely formed out of the trunk of a single tree, they rowed with surprising dexterity.
Thus, in the first interview between the inhabitants of the old and new worlds, everything was conducted ami- cably and to their mutual satisfaction. The former, enlightened and ambitious, formed already vast ideas with respect to the advantages which they might derive from the regions which began to open to their view. The latter, simple and un- discerning, had no foresight of the ca- lamities and desolation which were ap- proaching their country!
Willia m Robertson .
The heart hath its own memory, like the mind, And in it are enshrined
The precious keepsakes, in which is wrought The giver's loving thought. — Longfellow.
THE RESTORATION.
u.
Having shown what has been lost, it is easy to surmise what shall be restored. That such a restitution shall take place, we may learn from the holy prophets, who have all looked forward to a time when it should take place. And it is requisite with the justice of God that all things should be restored to their proper order; that the spirit should be restored to its body, and that every part of the body should be restored to itself; that men should be judged according to their works; that good and evil should be meted out to them according to their
dues, and that all things should be re- stored in their proper order. But right here it is well to remember the words of Alma: "Do not suppose that ye shall be restored from sin to happiness. Be- hold, I say unto you, wickedness never was happiness."
But to return to the statement that the prophets have looked forward to a res- toration. In Acts, third chapter and nineteenth verse we read: "Repent ye, therefore, and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out when the times of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord; And he
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shall send Jesus Christ, which before was preached unto you: Whom the heaven must receive until the times of the restitution of all things, which God hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy prophets since the world began. For Moses truly said unto the fathers, a prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear in all things what- soever he shall say unto you. And it shall come to pass, that every soul, which will not hear that Prophet, shall be destroyed from among the people. Yea, and all the prophets from Samuel and those that follow after, as many as have spoken, have likewise foretold of these days."
It is very evident from this, that, be- before the restoration, the Lord will send Jesus Christ on a mission to the earth ; and that when this mission shall have been fulfilled, the heaven must again re- ceive him until the times of the restitu- tion of all things. What shall this mis- sion be ? His mission is to begin the res- toration. To reveal to mankind the true Gospel of Christ. We believe he has filled this mission; that he has re- vealed the plan of salvation, and raised up unto us a prophet whom it is our duty to obey and hear in all things whatsoever that we be not among those who shall be destroyed from among the peo- ple. Not only do we believe this is ■our duty, but it is the duty of all the world to turn from their bickerings and dark ways, and lift up their eyes and hearts to God and walk according to his revealed will. For we bear testimony that Jesus has appeared again, in the last days, to man ; that unto his prophet, Joseph Smith, he has revealed the true plan of salvation, which is now being practiced by the Latter day Saints; that the heaven is now retaining him until the times of the restitution of all things, when the Latter-day Saints shall have completed the Zion of the Lord, the city of their God. Then shall he come in power and great glory; the mountains shall be leveled. Every valley shall be exalted and every mountain and hill shall me made low: and the crooked
shall be made straight, and the rough places plain. And a voice shall be heard crying in the wilderness, "Prepare ye the way of the Lord, and make straight in the desert a highway for our God."
After the Gospel shall have been re- vealed,we learn, from the thirty-fifth chap- ter of Isaiah: "The wilderness and soli- tary places shall be glad for them; and the desert shall rejoice, and blossom as the rose."
We are told to strengthen the weak hands and confirm the feeble knees. To say unto them that are of the fearful heart, be strong; fear not: Behold your God will come with vengeance, even God with a recompense, he will come and save you. Evidently trouble and great tribulations shall overtake the Saints. In the same chapter we are told that at this time, the eyes of the blind shall be opened, the ears of the deaf unstopped, the lame shall leap as an hart, the tongue of the dumb sing: for in the wilderness shall water break out, and streams in the desert. "The parched ground shall become a pool, and the thirsty lands springs of water: in the habitation of dragons, where each lay, shall be grass with reeds and rushes. And a highway shall be there, and a wa)r, and it shall be called the way of holiness ; the unclean shall not pass over it; but it shall be for those: the way-faring men, though fools, shall not err therein. No lion shall be there, nor any ravenous, beast shall go up thereon, it shall not be found there; but the redeemed shall walk there: and the ransomed of the Lord shall return, and come to Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon their heads : they shall obtain joy and gladness, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away."
Thus we see what shall be the condi- tion of the Saints, when Christ shall come from the heaven which is now re- taining him for a season until the Gospel that he has revealed is spoken unto all nations as a witness, and until the Saints shall have built up Zion with temples and holy places to receive him. And this condition exactly corresponds, in happiness, with what existed on the sab- bath morning of creation.
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THE RESTORATION.
To show that the land shall be one again, as at the creation morn, we will quote, Revelations vi, 14 "And the heaven departed as a scroll when it is rolled to- gether; and every mountain and island were moved out of their places." Also in Isaiah xiii, 13, 14, we are told that the earth shall remove out of her place, and become as the chased roe, and as a sheep that no man taketh up.
The beasts, also, shall be restored and live together, as at first. The prophet Isaiah says, chapter xi: "The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together, and a little child shall lead them. And the cow and the bear shall feed; their young ones shall lie down together: and the lion shall eat straw like the ox. And the sucking child shall play on the hole of the asp, and the weaned child shall put his hand on the cockatrice's den. They shall not hurt nor destroy in all my holy moun- tain: for the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea."
Thus we have seen that the earth and the animals will be restored, and this after the Gospel of Christ has been preached and Jesus shall come to dwell on the earth a thousand years. Now let us take a further view of the condition of man at this time. Isaiah prophesied and said that the voice of weeping should no more be heard in the land, nor the voice of crying. All shall be peace and rejoicing; the people shall build houses and inhabit them, plant vineyards and eat the fruit of them. They shall not build and another inhabit; they shall not plant and another eat: for as the days of a tree are the days of God's elect, and his people shall long enjoy the works of their hands. They shall not labor in vain, nor bring forth for trouble, for they are the seed of the blessed of the Lord, and their offspring with them. Their desires shall be anticipated; and before they call, God will answer, and while they are yet speaking, he will hear.
Thus we learn of the condition of
those who shall live upon the earth in that day, who shall be changed to im- mortality in the twinkling of an eye, and live with Jesus, their King, a thousand years. But what shall become of those who have died and slumbered in the dust for ages previous to this? This brings us to the Resurrection, of which we have but limited space to speak. Suffice it to say, Jesus is a pattern for all; as he was brought forth from the dust, so also shall all righteous men come forth upon that glad morn when the Millennium dawn shall burst forth upon a restored and happy world. When friend shall grasp the hand of friend, children embrace their parents, and wives and husbands meet never again to endure the pangs of separation. But some may doubt that this shall be the case. For a proof refer to the prophet Ezekiel, chapter xxxvii. He was car- ried away in the spirit, and was set down in the midst of a valley which was full of bones; these bones were dry and very numerous. He was asked if he thought these bones could live, and he answered, O, Lord God, thou knowest. And the Lord told him to prophesy: "Thus saith the Lord God unto these bones: Behold I will cause the breath of life to enter you and ye shall live." He prophesied as God commanded him, and breath came into them and they lived and stood upon their feet, an ex- ceeding great army. Who were these bones ? Many are the conjectures of the world, but hear God's own explanation, beginning at the eleventh verse: "Then he said unto me Son of man, these bones are the whole house of Israel: behold, they say, our bones are dried, and our hope is lost: we are cut off for our parts. Therefore prophesy and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord God; Behold, O my people, I will open your graves, and cause you to come up out of your graves, and bring you into the land of Israel. And ye shall know that I am the Lord, when I have opened your graves, O my people, and brought you up out of your graves, and shall put my Spirit in you and ye shall live, I shall place you in your own land: then shall
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ye know that I the Lord have spoken it, and performed it, saith the Lord."
Thus we see the living and the dead shall all be restored to live with Jesus Christ a thousand years, which when past, only one more change is necessary to complete the Restoration. This change will take place at the close of the Millen- nium, when, in the place of the city which shall then exist, as described in
Isaiah and Ezekiel, the new Zion and the new Jerusalem shall descend out of heaven, as described in Revelation, (xxi), and be the dwelling place of the Saints forever more.
Edward H. Anderson.
Contentment is a blessing and it is within the reach of all, but it will not be found by him who goes out to seek it.
A TRIP TO DENMARK.
XI.
ELSINORE AND HELIGOLAND.
Before leaving Copenhagen we vis- ited many points of interest which the brevity of this sketch will not permit us to describe. Among the more attrac- tive resorts, however, must be named the Tivoli Garden. This is one of the best appointed pleasure parks in Europe. The commodious grounds are laid out and cultivated in exquisite style, em- bracing every feature of value to a popu- lar resort for recreation and rest. The lake is shaded by fine overhanging trees and dotted with little islands. Alcoves and shady recesses break the shore lines, and many little skiffs are seen skimming along the tranquil water, darting in and out of these retreats, while from the voices of their delighted passengers arise the sweet songs of their native land. Families and lovers spend holi- days here, and every evening crowds of business men, with their wives and children, flock to the shady bowers or around the music stand, where Herr Lumby's excellent band gives a fine con- cert every day. Refreshment buffets, beer gardens and sporting grounds for every kind of game are located in con- venient parts of the park. A novel insti- tution called the Rushbahn, delights thousands of children and grown up foreigners. It is a kind of self-propelling railway, the two ends of which are situ- ated at the top of high towers placed some distance apart. The line is undu- lating, and as the car rushes down the track at breakneck speed, it gains
momentum enough to take it up into the other tower to within a few feet of the height from which it started. It is then elevated to the return track, and the de- lightful sensation is repeated.
The environs of Copenhagen are ex- tremely beautiful. Rich palaces, sur- rounded with luxurious parks, abound in the suburbs. Avenues of stately trees border wide, smooth walks and carriage roads along the sea shore and inland for many miles. Old country churches, secluded in the foliage of dense forests, are reached by delightful paths winding among the trees, across fields and over the evergreen hedges. Excursions into the country must afford glimpses of en- chanting still life scenery. The air of peace and country quiet which abounds, is suggestive of the pastoral pursuits of the people and of the favor of Provi- dence.
The overland journey to Elsinore is made through a pleasant country by quaint little villages and railway stations. The more delightful way, however, to approach this ancient commercial town is by steamboat. The two and a half hours' voyage along the picturesque coast of Zealand is one that affords the tourist much to interest and amuse him. The little fishing hamlets along the coast pre- sent to the sea-front harbors filled with smacks and yawls, whose masts are draped with brown and weather-stained canvas, and whose decks are occupied by a race of fishermen among the most ancient and certainly the most grotesque in the world. The view of the Swedish
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A TRIP TO DENMARK.
coast across the Sound is distinct and quite interesting, becoming more so as the vessel approaches the narrow strait which divides the two kingdoms and leads to the open North Sea by the Cat- 'tegat and Skager Rack.
The Kronborg rises conspicuously to -the northeast side of Elsinore, and is the chief attraction to visitors. It is a pic- turesque old fortress, about whose ivy and lichen covered walls are grouped legends and romances that will be green in the memory of many generations, ages after the lofty turrets and battle- ments are crumbled to the dust. The castle was built about three hundred years ago, and is surrounded with ram- parts and broad moats. By virtue of its commanding position, at the narrows of the main approach to the Baltic and the artillery it could accommodate, Denmark undertook, after the fall of the Hanseatic League, to levy a toll on all vessels passing through the Sound. For many years the toll was successfully imposed and collected, but it became extremely obnoxious to the nations whose commer- cial and maritime interests suffered by it. The English fleet, with characteristic presumption, (powerfully sustained by the " old oaken bulwarks,"which in those days were thought invincible and were considered "the rulers of the seas,") on several occasions ignored the Kronborg tax collector, and thus proved that the batteries on the ramparts were more for- midable in appearance than in reality. This fact demonstrated had its effect in a commutation of the Sound dues, which was agreed to by the various nations in- terested, on their paying to the Danish monarch the sum of seventeen million dollars.
The Flag Battery, where the national banner is planted, commands an exten- sive and beautiful view of the Sound, including the emerald island of Hveen and the Kullen lighthouse, fourteen miles to the northward. But it is not for the view of land and water scenery, nor for the refreshing breezes which constantly stir the invigorating air on this beautiful eminence, that tourists flock to it from England and America; it is because this
is"the platform of the castle of Elsinore, ' where the ghost appeared to Hamler. When the dark walls cast their shadows upon the greensward below, and the moonlight gleams steadily over the flat, partly-shaded battery place, visions of that portentous night when "the graves stood tenantless and the sheeted dead did squeak and gibber," vividly crowd upon the mind, and the nervous tourist awaits anxiously the appearance of "ye stal- wart armed spectre" from every obscure corner of the platform. The ghost of "the majesty of Denmark" is scarcely a circumstance compared to the hobgob- lins and tutelary genii which Hans Christian Andersen's beautiful fairy tales have located about this ancient fortress. The celebrated "Holger Danske," who is to arise and defend Denmark in all times of danger, and whom many of the peas- ants sincerely believe in, is said to re- pose beneath the castle.
A walk of about a mile takes one to a pleasant chateau called Marienlyst, near which a small column, without inscription; marks the place said to be the grave of Hamlet. Everybody plucks a leaf or flower from the surrounding gardens, and feeling that they have seen most that is of consequence in the land of "the mel- ancholy Dane," they are ready to em- bark, and may well congratulate them- selves, if, upon doing so, the odors from the herring factories and fish-packing establishments do not convince them that, notwithstanding all her charms, "there is something rotten in the State of Den- mark."
On the homeward journey from the islands of the Baltic, if you return by way of Hamburg and the Elbe, you will find it a very delightful break in the jour- ney to stop over at Cuxhaven, a sea bath- ing resort at the mouth of the river, and from there take "diligence" to Bremer- haven on the Weser. There is not much in the overland ride to please or in- struct, but it is the most direct way to reach the seaport, from which passage can be taken to Heligoland.
Every schoolboy has wondered at the little dot standing out in the open sea, away from the German shores, and
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marked so conspicuously by the long- name Heligoland. What can be there of such interest that all the maps should show it? There are many islands which are larger and scarcely ever appear in the school geographies. One reason, we suppose, is that it is the only English island in the North Sea so near the con- tinent, and another is that it is right in the way of steamers going to Hamburg, and is therefore seen by thousands of passengers as they are about to enter or leave the beautiful river which con- nects that famous port with the sea.
Heligoland, or "the holy island," itself is quite an interesting place. It is a small island, only about a mile long, and half that wide, and on three sides rises perpendicularly from the sea about a hundred and ninety feet. Its red banks appear, as we approach it, to afford no possible landing place, aud indeed, ex- cept on the southeast side, where a low, flat bank of sand stretches out into the sea, there is none. This bank is called the Unterland, while the triangular shaped eminence of red clay and marl is distinguished as the Oberland.
On this little island there dwell two thousand people, whose dialect, manners and costumes are in many respects pecu- liar. Originally they were from the Netherlands, being chiefly extracted from Friesland, but their isolation natur- ally, in the course of time, wrought changes in the particulars named above. The German language is now taught in the schools and spoken in the church so that still greater changes will mark the inhabitants in the future. Why people should locate on a place like this, unless they were all Robinson Crusoes, does not at first appear; but we soon learn that the island is not only dear to its peo- ple as their native home, but its history is quite interesting, dating back to the days of Paganism, when Hertha, the high priestess, had her temple there and the Angles flocked from the mainland to worship at her shrine. Over twelve hun- dred years ago St. Willebrod introduced Christianity on the island, and before and since that time wild rovers of the seas contended in many a marine battle
for its possession. It finally settled down as a fief to the dukes of Schleswig or Holstein, and was often pawned by them, like a watch or ring, to the free city of Hamburg, for small loans which those impecunious princes so often re- quired.
The Oberland is connected with the lower town by a flight of, one hundred and ninety steps, the only way by which it can be reached. The portion of this level eminence not occupied by the gov- ernment residences, a place for a battery, the dwelling houses, church and grave- yard, is divided up into small garden patches, where cabbages and potatoes are raised, and two hundred sheep and gt>ats are tethered out, each on a particu- lar spot, where he gathers a meagre liv- ing from the scanty verdure, supple- mented by potatoe peelings and house- hold slops. These forlorn animals are the only specimens of the brute creation on the island, except two cows, brought over from Bremen in the bathing season for the accommodation of invalid tourists, and their milk is sold at the apothecary's shop. There are no wheeled vehicles, except a wheelbarrow and an occasional perambulator, on the island.
In the summer time from two to three thousand pleasure seekers visit the island, to bathe in the sea and enjoy the exhiler- ating atmosphere. These are mostly from German towns, and their annual visits afford the chief source of supply to the inhabitants, who depend upon the means thus obtained and the products of lobster fishing for their livelihood. From the Unterland is divided, by a narrow channel of the sea, a sandy beach called the Dune, on which the bathing estab- lishments are located. There are a theatre, a Conversationshans, a few shops and restaurants in the lower town; the streets are washed clean by frequent rains, and the cottages of the people ap- pear neat and comfortable.
One of the singular attractions about Heligoland is the luminous appearance" of the sea at night, which is more fre- quently observed here than elsewhere, especially in sultry weather, when the wind blows from the south and the sky
J76
AMONG THE ANCIENT INDIAN MOUNDS.
is cloudy. At such times, when the water is struck by the hand, each particle resembles a fire-fly or glow-worm. This phenomenon, as is now well known, is occasioned by innumerable mollusca, al- most invisible to the naked eye, which emit a phosphorescent light when in motion. De Valhbus.
A TUNISIAN COURT.
In Tunis, the highest judge in the land is the Bey himself. The subordinate judges are the commanders of towns and the governors of provinces. If a person is dissatisfied with their judgment, he may appeal to the Bey. If two persons wish a dispute decided, and are unwill- ing to trust the town Caid, they may travel to Tunis and bring their case be- fore the Bey.
Every Saturday morning, the Bey holds public court in one of his palaces, and is then accessible to the lowest of his subjects. Any one may present his grievance before his sovereign, with the knowledge that the Bey will do him jus- tice, as well as his wisdom will permit.
A traveller, who saw the Bey adminis- ter justice, describes the litigants as showing the greatest confidence in his judgment. The scene, as photographed by the foreign visitor, recalls the Biblical days, when the judge sat in the gate and heard the cause of the oppressed.
The Bey sat on a gilt throne of red velvet, which stood on a raised dais, at one end of the judgment-hall. On his left were the princes of his house; on his right were placed the prime minister, the generals, the chiefs of ministerial divisions and the clerks of the court. In the background was a company of his body guard. A colonel of gigantic size — the chief of the police — stepped into the open space in front of the throne. Ad- dressing himself to the waiting crowd
without, he called out in a loud voice: "The prince salutes you, and is here to render justice."
An officer handed the Bey a pipe, a servant lit it, and then the first two liti- gants were brought forward. They stood about eight feet from the throne, bowed » low and touched their chests with crossed hands. First the one spoke, then the second defended himself, whereupon both talked so violently, and with such wild gestures, that the colonel had to stop them. The Bey murmured a few words, the two men bowed low and walked away. Others came forward, the proceedings were repeated; some behaved quietly, while others screamed. After each de- cision there was a greater noise. The parties beat their arms, and were only restrained by the soldiers from throwing themselves at the Bey's feet.
The visitor expressed astonishment at the demonstration. "You don't under- stand these good people," said his drago- man; "what they say is their expression of thanks for the Bey's justice, in which both the accuser and the convicted one join." The sentences ordered by the Bey were fines, imprisonment and the basti- nado.
The last case was that of a murder committed by two Bedouins, father and son. They were brought in with their hands tied. On their pleading guilt}-, the Bey emitted thick clouds of smoke, hesi- tated, and at last lifted his right hand slowly, with the palm downwards. Sud- denly he turned it upwards — it was the sentence of death. Without a word be- ing said, the murderers were taken away by two policemen, and the Bey, evidently much moved, rose, bowed and left the hall. It is said that he rarely pronounces the sentence of death, and when compelled to do so, spends the day alone and in prayer.
AMONG THE ANCIENT INDIAN MOUNDS.
O Earth, thou grave of the races of men, That come and depart as the grass of the plains, Where now is the life, that again and again Has come but to go, leaving here its remains?
O, where will the thousands departing each hour. Of races at present existing on thee, Transported from view, in eternity's power, Throughout all the coming eternities be ?
AMONG THE ANCIENT INDIAN MOUNDS.
Ml
Reveal if thou canst, from the moulds of thy
crust, Where now are the spirits whose bodies are dust?
O Earth, thou grave, where with hatred ac- cursed, The races of men meet in battle array, All eager in jealousies passion immersed, To shorten the few fleeting moments they stay : Why now should the races continue their war? With fury and terror they meet but to die ; To crumble as races have crumbled before, And over Thy surface forever to lie ! Reveal if thou canst, why the races of Man, No wisdom have learned, since their races be- gan?
O Earth, thou grave of the humble and proud ; The wealthy and poor, with the bond and the
free, All, all of their bodies must finally crowd Together as dust, 'neath the races to be ! Will those who depart ever think of the trust, They leave to Thy care, in their youth or their
prime ? Couldst thou give the spirit its portion of dust, Amid all the tumult and ravage of Time ? Reveal if thou canst, how the dust of a king Is known from the slaves, that beside it may
cling?
O Earth, the sage who may delve in thy mould, Thy purpose and history seeketh in vain. He finds in the ruins a story untold, And tries from thy strata the past to regain. But silently, swiftly, thou still movest on, No answer thou givest to sophist or sage, Who frames his hypothesis, dies, and is gone, To mingle his dust with the dust of the age. Reveal if thou canst, where the sage may be- hold The truth of the past, and the future untold?
O Earth, thou grave ! When the sepulchre
speaks, All dead as the dust it encloses to-day, Then mayst thou relate, to the student who
seeks, The story of races that lived to decay. The ruins of cities and mounds may impart A knowledge that man and a nation has been ; But, old in its lore, antiquarian art Ne'er tells where a nation may end or begin. Reveal if thou canst from this mound where I
tread, What nation was this, now the dust of the dead?
O Earth, thy silence more wisdom doth show Than many whose theories widely are known ;
I turn from the dust that is lying below,
To realms far away, where the spirits have
flown. Let angels declare what their records qontain, Their story of races acceptable be, And then will thy ruins forever remain An evidence all may approvingly see. Thou canst not reveal, but thy sons may return To teach us the truth, if the truth we will learn !
O Earth, from Heaven again come to thee, An angel appointed thy truths to restore ; He calls and commissions a prophet, to free Thy races from bondage of error and war. He brings us the truth of the future and past, And fills all the present with knowledge most
bright, He opens to knowledge eternities vast, And error now yields to effulgence of light. Thou canst not reveal, but our God can reveal, And now He has opened eternity's seal !
O Earth, the knowledge revealed from on high, Regarding the races who crumble to dust, Assures that the spirits of men cannot die, But go to the homes of the evil or just. The evil to prisons; or schools to acquire The Gospel, which here they refused to attain ; The Saints to the heaven to which they aspire, Where Christ and His Priesthood eternally reign. Whence, many as ministers go from the Lord, The Gospel to preach to the spirits in ward !
O Earth, thou grave ! While the just and un- just Are teachers and pupils in the realms near to
thee, Thou minglest together their bodies of dust, Awaiting the great resurrection to be. Prepared by obedience to laws that refine, The just with their bodies in triumph attain, To reign, and to teach the Creator's design, To all who on earth for a season remain. Till all, through the Priesthood, their bodies re- sume, Made holy and pure, from the dust of the tomb.
O Earth, thou shaltbe, by thy maker's own hand; Made perfect and pure, a celestial abode ; Thy children obeying the Savior's command, On thee have their heritage nearest to God ! The races inferior to those who obey The higher and holier laws we revere, Will then each attain their reward in the day When Justice announces the merited sphere. A Urim and Thummim, forever to last, Then thou canst reveal all thy wonderful past! Joseph L, Townsend*
378
EDITORIAL.
THE CONTRIBUTOR.
A MONTHLY MAGAZINE.
JUNIUS F. WELLS,
Editor and Publisher.
terms:
Two Dollars a Year, - In Advance.
Single Copy, Twenty Cents.
Salt Lake City, September, 1882.
VOLUME FOUR.
On the conclusion of another volume of the Contributor, we desire to ex- press our thanks to the public and to the various friends of the magazine for the success which has attended it. At the commencement of the volume we were delayed in issuing the numbers by the non-arrival of the paper, which was blockaded forty days near St. Louis. This delay in the first number had its influence upon the whole volume; It being almost impossible to get the num- bers out on time. However we are grati- fied to issue the present and concluding number of the volume within a few days of the time it should appear.
The year has been a fairly prosperous one, and the Contributor has gained many friends, who, though regretting the delay in the appearance of its numbers, have felt amply repaid when they did arrive. The contents of the volume have given general satisfaction, showing a marked improvement in the character of matter and in literary merit. In this respect the sentiment of many readers we believe is justly expressed in the words of our late, lamented friend, Pro- fessor J. L. Barfoot: "The Contributor is the Addisonian publication of Zion; I am highly delighted with it."
We feel gratified to the Almighty for the spirit of truth and the manifest de- sire of all who have contributed to its columns to set down naught in malice, or anything that will not bear the light of investigation. This spirit has kept
the tone and influence of the Magazine pure and above reproach. It has thus won the approval and admiration of the authorities of the Church, and the con- fidence and good will of the people. This is most gratifying to the editor whose ambition is to assist in establish- ing a class of home literature, which shall in all respects be worthy the pat- ronage of the Saints and the emulation of all who aim to improve.
The new volume will commence with the next number. It will be enlarged one-fourth, making forty pages in each number. New type has been procured and the mechanical work will be much improved. We have arranged to intro- duce two very costly steel engravings in the volume: one of President George A. Smith in the October number, and one of President Jedediah M. Grant in April. These will be accompanied by biographical sketches of those beloved and eminent Apostles. The political situation and timely articles on the prin- ciples and abuses of government will form a leading feature of the new vol- ume, as we believe that the circum- stances under which the wicked crusade of our enemies against our people places us, demand that the youth become well informed upon these subjects, that they may be able to intelligently meet their opponents and contend for their rights and liberties as becomes a free people, whom God has liberated from the thrall- dom of sin and commanded to walk in the earth bearing themselves like men.
The fourth volume will contain, among other scientific subjects, an analytical series on the wonderful mineral lakes, springs and streams in Utah. These contributions to science will be of great value for the information of the public and for reference. Descriptive articles, in which sights and scenes in England, which many elders are familiar with and many more are sure to meet in future missions, will be presented. Historical, poetic and miscellaneous matter will abound in the volume as heretofore.
The Association Intelligence will be made as interesting as possible. The officers are appealed to, to contribute to
EDITORIAL.
379
this department. Let it become the channel of communication between as- sociations throughout the Territory. If one has discovered an interesting or profitable exercise, let him publish it so that all may be benefited by engaging in it. Short reports of conferences and special meetings of interest should be sent in for publication. The Questions and Answers department attracted con- siderable attention last year, we hope it will be generally patronized during the coming season. Much valuable informa- tion can be obtained by asking questions, and if they are propounded upon subjects that are of general interest great good will result from the exercise.
The religious part of the Magazine will embrace Sermons of the Prophets, in- cluding discourses by Joseph and Hyrum Smith and Brigham Young, some of which have never been published, but were reported by President Woodruff who has kindly consented to furnish them from his journal. Doctrinal and Scriptural subjects will appear and the principles of the Gospel will permeate the entire volume, as its mission is to ad- vocate the Truth and develop faith in the breasts of the young. The expense at- tending the large increase of matter and the making of steel engravings will be so great that it becomes necessary to urgently request the Stake Superinten- dents and the Presidents of Associations to use their utmost influence to extend the circulation of the Magazine. As no advance in the price of subscription is made in consequence of these improve- ments, the outlay can only be compen- sated for by a large increase in the num- ber of subscriptions. We trust the Presidents as agents will take an interest in this matter, see that every person in their respective wards is solicited to take the Magazine and that clubs are formed in all the Associations.
REGISTRATION.
The Utah Commissioners arrived on August 1 8th and soon after began their labors. Their first announcement was that an election would be held for Dele-
gate to Congress'in November, and that rules would be adopted to provide for the registration of voters and conducting said election under the laws of Congress and the Territory.
On the publication of these rules it was discovered that in the absence of laws which would suit the plan of the Commissioners, they had exercised authority, assumed or otherwise, to legis- late; in some respect in the interests of justice, in others, very flagrantly in the interests of immorality and vice. Con- sidering that the Edmunds law was pre- pared in pursuance of a so called wide- spread sentiment of offended virtue, and passed, ostensibly, to purify the morals of Utah, the rule which condemns mar- riage and champions the libertine and the prostitute, offers a striking example of the hypocrisy and corruption amidst which the law was framed and which necessarily accompanies its execution. Under the rules, all polygamists, — of every shade, that are now, or have been since 1862, are barred from registering, and those who are not thus ineligible are compelled to take an oath, which for unmitigated nastiness stands singly and alone above all the religious, political or social tests ever prescribed in the inter- ests of government.
For the sake of letting a few miserable violators of the marriage vow vote, the virtuous citizens of a great community, against whom no charge of crime is laid, are required to take an oath made to pro- tect the class alluded to. Was such a thing ever before heard of under the sun? The disfranchised polygamists ought to rejoice and be exceeding glad that they are not thus humiliated. It is a prouder thing to stand aloof, bereft of rights for the sake of principle, than to bow the head and exercise them under such surveillance.
Notwithstanding this the monogamic citizens will register and hope to vote. It is a galling thing to do, but it would please our enemies too well if our indig- nation should prevail and keep us from the polls. The effort to rob the people of the control of their affairs will not be successful under the rules thus far pre-
THE ECHO CANON WAR.
*8o
scribed. Should no new law be enacted by the Commissioners, they will have to count out the largest majority ever given one candidate over another by the votes of this Territory. There are enough young men and women who have never voted, to compensate for the disfran- chised. These with the hundreds that will be naturalized and thus secure the right to vote will swell the number far
beyond any previous registration. The universal interest awakened by the out- rageous attempt to steal the Territory and to persecute and despoil its people, will make election day in November the liveliest ever witnessed here. Its re- sults, if fairly counted, ought once and forever to put a quietus on the avari- ciousness of so feeble a minority as the "Liberals" will then appear.
THE ECHO CANYON WAR.
x.
The operations in the field during the month of October were very active. Many interesting experiences might be recorded, if space would permit; among them the circumstances attending the capture, imprisonment and escape of Major Joseph Taylor of Weber County. We have before us a very carefully and well prepared narrative upon the subject- which may enter into a future historv but are compelled at present merely to extract from it.
The Major says: "On September 18, 1857, I was ordered with my command of a hundred men to Echo. Reached there on the 20th, and proceeded, after a short delay, to the headquarters of Gen- eral Wells, arriving October 5th. I im- mediately received the following orders:
Headquarters Eastern Expedition, Camp near Cache Cave, Oct. 4, 1857.
You will proceed, with all possible dis- patch, without injuring your animals, to the Oregon road, near the bend of Bear river, north by east of this place. Take close and correct observations of the country on your route. When you ap- proach the road, send scouts ahead, to ascertain if the invading troops have passed that way. Should they have passed, take a concealed route, and get ahead of them. Express to Colonel Burton, who is now on that road and in the vicinity of the troops, and effect a junction with him, so as to operate in concert. On ascertaining the locality or route of the troops, proceed at once to annoy them in every possible way. Use
exery exertion to stampede their animals and set fire to their trains. Burn the whole country before them and on their flanks. Keep them from sleeping by- night surprises; blockade the road by felling trees or destroying river fords, where you can. Watch for opportuni- ties to set fire to the grass on their wind- ward, so as if possible to envelop their trains. Leave no grass before them that can be burned. Keep your men con- cealed as much as possible, and guard against surprise. Keep scouts out at all times, and communications open with Colonel Burton, Major McAllister and O. P. Rockwell, who are operating in the same way. Keep me advised daily of your movements, and every step the troops take, and in what direction.
God bless you, and give you success. Your brother in Christ,
Daniel H. Wells.
P. S. — If the troops have not passed, or have turned in this direction, follow in their rear, and continue to annoy them, burning any trains they may leave. Take no life, but destroy their trains, and stampede or drive away their animals, at every opportunity. D. H. W-
While carrying out these instructions, it became necessary to leave my com- mand and go with a small escort to Bridger for supplies. During my ab- sence my men were detailed to another field of operations, under direction of O. P. Rockwell, and myself and compan- ions, Wm. Stowell, Wells Chase, George Rose and Joseph Orton, on returning with five pack animals laden with provi-
THE ECHO CANON WAR.
38i
sions, received word to follow and over- take the command as soon as possible.
We had passed a vacated camping ground of the enemy, and seeing smoke about twelve miles away, directed our course toward it, expecting there to find our men. On the way, between sundown and dark, we came upon a body of men about a mile before us. Being well mounted, I rode ahead to see who they were, when I suddenly found myself flanked and surrounded by soldiers. I drew my pistols to defend myself, but my arms became paralyzed, and I was siezed, dismounted and placed upon an old mule, led by a soldier, by the side of Captain Marcy. My companions, as soon as they saw the situation, made their escape, leaving the pack animals. Stowell made no effort to leave, appear- ing to be unable to do so, which I con- sidered providential. He was treated precisely as I had been. We were or- dered not to speak to each other; and in this way we traveled a distance of fifteen miles or more to camp. No human tongue can describe my feelings during this journey. I felt that to die defending myself would be preferable to imprison- ment in the power of these men. But not being able at the time to do anything, I was compelled to suffer and wait. On arriving at camp we were placed in sepa- rate tents, without food, fire or bedding, and closely guarded. We suffered terri- bly in the night from the cold.
The next morning we were taken be- fore Col. Alexander and examined sepa- rately. Among other questions, he asked me what was the strength of the Mor- mon forces. I told him I could only guess, but having been a Mormon since I was a boy, I could come pretty near it. "I should judge that there were from twenty to twenty-five thousand able war- riors." At this big assertion his aston- ishment appeared very great. I could have hung my hat on his eyes. Adjt. Stowell had been examined before, and it appears that from his statements and the orders taken from him, the colonel concluded he had a more formidable foe than he had before suspected. These orders, which were addressed to me,
were the only papers they took from us; others, in my possession, I chewed up on the way to camp.
I believe the effect of our examination was most providential, for instead of proceeding forward, which would have involved an engagement with our forces and bloodshed, a council of officers was held soon after, and it was determined to slowly retreat down Ham's Fork and await the arrival of reinforcements. I sought an interview with the commander and tried to get released, but to no avail. Circumstances for us looked gloomy in- deed, but we had faith in a Superior Be- ing, and for one I resolved to make my stay with the soldiers very short.
We at one time thought our release was at hand. It was not unusual for our men to appear on the hills in sight of the camp. They were generally fired at by rifles and cannon carrying grapeshot. On one occasion a company of our boys captured two of the soldiers, a black- smith and the steward of the hospital. We overheard the colonel say he would release us if he could get his blacksmith back. The same night Sergeant New- man brought us for supper each a bowl of vegetable soup, saying at the time that the soldiers were mostly fond of it. Our suspicions of poison were at once aroused, and praying that if they were well founded no injury might be done, we tasted the soup, scratching out a hole in the ground and burying the remainder. A few moments after, Adjt. Stowell was taken very ill; I administered to him, and after vomiting severely he became better, whereupon I was similarly af- fected. Neither of us entirely recovered for a week. On another occasion this sergeant attempted to suffocate us by making a green willow fire in the tent and compelling us to keep the door closed. The injury thus done my eyes forbade their use for reading for ten years. We saw quick retribution visited upon this murderous man, for within a month from the time he smoked us, he fell into a rapid decline, though considered a robust strong man, and died within twelve miles of camp, when starting on his return to the States.
382
THE ECHO CANON WAR.
When Colonel Johnston came up we were in hopes of procuring our release, but so far from that being the result we were summoned before a court of inquiry, a writ was served charging me with trea- son, and I was held for trial before Judge Eckles at the First Judicial District Court, to be held at Green River. I was informed by several persons that it had been settled that Judge Eckles would hang me, as the first public example of what traitors might expect from the new civil government. We learned that it was the intention of Colonel Johnston to leave the heavy wagons and make forced marches to the city. The men were greatly encouraged by his arrival and prompt preparations. They called Mm the "old tiger," and expected that he would teach the Mormons a lesson that would be remembered.
The night after learning of the plans of the officers respecting myself and their movements, I thought we would at- tempt an escape. We accordingly made preparations, and although the way seemed difficult, I felt, being a very strong man, capable of effecting our re- lease; but my companion was a very coutious man, and prevailed on me not to try it. We therefore gave it up for that time. Soon after, however, circum- stances favored the plan, and I resolved on making an effort to gel away. A new company of troops arriving from the east produced lively times in camp, in exchanging greetings of friendship, etc. During their hilarity appeared to me a golden opportunity to quietly steal away; other circumstances favored the project, but again my comrade's entreaties pre- vailed, and I let them pass. The next morning we started at six o'clock, being placed under a guard of twenty-four men instead of six as before. We were told that the army was going to Salt Lake on forced marches in five days, and if a gun was fired to intercept them, we would be placed in front to catch the ball. I re- plied in a way to indicate that they would not get through, which made Capt. Guni- fant, with whom I was speaking, very angry. He declared that nothing could keep them out. The troops stopped half
an hour for dinner. Nothing was offered us to eat. At this time I nerved up to desperation, and determined to make my escape. I felt that I had strength enough to leap over the soldiers' heads and fly before they could arrest my progress. I told my comrade that I would go that night, and bade him a reluctant farewell. It was the last conversation I had with him during the campaign, but we have spent many a happy time together since then, sociably chatting over the incidents of our imprisonment and the stirring events of those times.
As we proceeded on the march I adroitly feigned sickness, complaining of a severe attack of fever and ague, con- tinuing and growing worse after our ar- rival in camp. I asked the captain of the guard for my bedding and for a cup of coffee, but he said the baggage wagons had not come up. I then asked to have a fire built. He ordered the guards to make a fire, there being plenty of sage brush near the camp. I soon after got another fire started about a rod away, and paced very fast between the two. This caused the guard to turn so rapidly to watch me that his eyes became dazzled. About five minutes before I started the officer of the day came along and told the guards to keep a strict watch, and if any effort to escape was made to shoot the prisoners like so many beasts. I kept my eyes on the guards, having previously taken off my boots, and see- ing a favorable chance to make a break, I suddenly made three rapid leaps among men and mules, landing behind a very large ox. The length and speed of these leaps must be left entirely to the imagi- nation; I did not stop to measure them, but found myself among the cattle with my boots, which had served for jumping weights, in my hands. My flight contin- ued without regard to time, speed or sur- rounding circumstances, until I reached the foot hills three miles or more from camp. I then discovered that my close-fit- ting, buckskin coat was gone; but how it got off, with my boots in my hands, I have never been able to surmise. A furious storm beat down upon the mountains, and in the midst of this I fled with the fleet-
MOTIVE OF READING.
383
ness of a deer, being pursued for five hours by Captain Cranberry and a com- pany of horsemen and bloodhounds. I had ten minutes start, however, and maintained the advantage it gave me.
It has remained to me a mystery how I succeeded in getting away from my guards and eluding the search of my pursuers. I only know that I acknowl- edged the power of the Almighty, and thanked Him for my deliverance. Of course I lost my stockings in the chase, and by the time I felt far enough away to be safe, I was ready to put on my boots and take a slower pace. Thus I spent the night traveling over hills and down ra- vines; the weather was intensely cold. I was told afterwards that several gov-
ernment mules froze to death that night, and I readily believed it. If I hadn't escaped from government I might have frozen myself; but the air of liberty, however piercingly cold, warmed my heart and kept me from despair. I was, however, in a fearful state of exhaustion next morning when John Thompson, of Ogden, and a party of five of our men, came upon me among the greasewood bushes and ordered my arrest. I was happy to be taken in their charge, and our mutual congratulations extended to three cheers for liberty when they recognized me. I was taken to Fort Bridger, and received such attentions as were neces- sary, and soon after reported my escape to General Wells. Vaux.
MOTIVE OF READING.
" Of making many books there is no end," said the wisest of men three thou- sand years ago ; and he added the equally true statement that " much study" — that is, much reading — "is a weariness of the flesh." A fourteenth century commenta- tor, in annotating this text, drew the conclusion that all books which may be rightly read are "the bokis of hooli scripture." Modern readers, reared out- side the close atmosphere of mediaeval cloisters, make a somewhat more liberal application of this maxim of Ecclesiastes ; but all will agree that a wise choice must be made from the great stores of litera- ture that the ages have accumulated, from the days of papyrus scrolls and birchbark writings to these times, when scarcely any country town is without its printing press. " We are now," says Disraeli, "in want of an art to teach how books are to be read, rather than to read them; such an. art is practicable."
The very first thing to be remembered by him who would study the art of read- ing is that nothing can take the place of personal enthusiasm and personal work. However wise may be the friendly ad- viser, and however full and perfect the chosen hand-book of reading, neither can do more than to stimulate and sug-
gest. Nothing can take the place of a direct familiarity with books themselves. To know one good book well, is better than to know something about a hundred good books, at second hand. The taste for reading and the habit of reading must always be developed from within; they can never be added from without.
All plans and systems of reading, therefore, should be taken, as far as pos- sible, into one's heart of hearts, and be made a part of his own mind and thought. Unless this can be done, they are worse than useless. Dr. McCosh says: "The book to read is not the one that thinks for you, but the one that makes you think." It is plain, then, that a "course of reading" may be a great good or a great evil, according to its use. The late Bishop Alonzo Potter, one of the most judicious of literary helpers, offered to readers this sound piece of advice: " Do not be so enslaved by any system or course of study as to think it may not be altered." However conscious one may be of his own deficiencies, and how- ever he may feel the need of outside aid, he should never permit his own indepen- dence and self-respect to be obliterated. " He who reads incessantly," says Mil- ton,
3S4
CURIOSITIES OF LUXURY.
And to his reading brings not A spirit and judgment equal or superior, Uncertain and unsettled still remains, Deep versed in books, but shallow in himself.
The general agreement of intelligent people as to the merit of an author or the worth of a book, is, of course, to be ac- cepted until one finds some valid reason for opposing it. But nothing is to be gained by pretending to like what one really dislikes, or to enjoy what one does not find profitable, or even intelligible. If a reader is not honest and sincere in this matter, there is small hope for him. The lowest taste may be cultivated and improved, and radically changed; but pretense and artificiality can never grow into anything better. They must be wholly rooted out at the start. If you dislike Shakespeare's " Hamlet," and greatly enjoy a trashy story, say so with sincerity and sorrow, if occasion requires, and hope and work for a reversal of your taste. " It's guid to be honest and true," says Burns, and nowhere is honesty more needed than here.
It should always be borne in mind that the busiest reader must leave unread all but a mere fraction of the good books in the world. " Be not alarmed because so many books are recommended," says Bishop Potter; and "do not attempt to read much or fast;" but " dare to be ig- norant of many things." There are now eleven hundred thousand printed books in the library of the British Museum alone; and the library of the Bibliotheque Na- tionale of Paris contains more than three million volumes. Mr. F. B. Perkins, an experienced librarian, estimates that not less than twenty-five thousand new books now appear annually ; and yet the read- ing of a book a fortnight, or say twenty- five books a year, is quite as much as the average reader can possibly achieve — a rate at which only twelve hundred and fifty books could be read in half a cen- tury. Since this is so, he must be very thoughtless and very timid who feels any shame in confessing that he is wholly ignorant of a great many books ; and on the other hand, none but a very superficial and conceited reader will ven- ture to express surprise at the deficien-
cies of others, when a little thought would make his own so clearly manifest. In Cowper's words:
Knowledge is proud that he has learned so
much ; Wisdom is humble that he knows no more.
C. F. Richardson.
CURIOSITIES OF LUXURY.
Some years ago a banquet was given at Delmonico's, New York, to Sir Morton Peto, at which were laid one hundred plates at two hundred and fifty dollars a plate. The same caterer presided over a famous feast known as the grand swan dinner, because in the centre of the table was- a miniature lake in which swans were swimming.
The late Baron James de Rothschild had an establishment at Paris, in which were separate departments for soups, sauces, roastings, frying, vegetables, sweets, etc. Seventy-two persons were employed in the kitchens and the wine- cellars. The baron once gave a feast at his country-seat to Louis Napoleon. The quantity of game provided for the guests' shooting was enormous. A story asserts that a parrot, disguised as a partridge, fell before the imperial gun crying, "Vive r Empereur! "
Prince Nicholas Esterhazy, who died owing nine million dollars, was even more of a grand seigneur in his enter- tainments than the baron. The emperor of Austria, being a guest at his rich sub- ject's chateau, a hunt on a magnificent scale was organized in his honor. Es- terhazy's grand huntsman stood just be- hind the emperor, and specified the game as it fell before the royal gun. "Hare, Your Majesty." "Pheasant, Your Majesty." And without the change of a muscle or a tone, " Lord High Chamberlain, Your Majesty."
■♦
NOTICE. Superintendents and officers of Asso- ciations should make an especial effort to attend the Young Men's Conference which will be held during the General Conference. It is expected that valu- able instructions relating to the winter's, work will be given.
"The Glory of God is Intelligence."
THE CONTRIBUTOR,
I^EPI{E)SE]S¥ING TJIE ¥0U]«G $IE]V'S flNI> Y0ON6 L7IDIEJS' TflE L7JWE^-D7I¥ J57II]WJS.
VOLUME THEEE,
EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY JUNIUS F. WELLS.
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH,
PRINTKD BY DESERET NEWS COMPANY.
1882.
CONTENTS
About our Associations Homespun. 28
An Odd Verdict 31
A Storm in the Mountains.... A'oy Kenneth. 49
A Consecrated Life H. W. Naisbitt. 55
Association History, Weber County
E. H. Anderson, 115, 140
A Common Enemy..,., ....C-. H. Bliss. 120
Apostacy..^. ..Matthias F. Cowley* 15I) 171, 239
A Trip to Denmark. ;De Vallibus.
London to Hamburg ..... 165
Hamburg to Copenhagen... 221
Copenhagen... ., 277
Scandinavian Mission 327
Elsinore and Heligoland ., 373
Alma Mater...- ■ Bex. 169
Awakening of Spring....... ,... Amethysts 183
Answering Questions.... ,. George Reynolds* 188
A Curious Fact..., Edioard E, Brain. 202
Ancient Government of the Hindoos
William Fotheringham. 213
April Emmeline B. Wells. 224
A Violet's Adventures H. A^ Page. 243
At Rest Homespun t 281
Agency of Man H. W. Naisbitt. 303
"Absens." , Beppo. 344
A Tunisian Court 376
Among the Ancient Indian Mounds
y ' oseph L Townsend. 376 Association Intelligence.
Semi- Annual Conferences .......31, 223
Questions and Answers 32, 64, 192
Questions to Answer
32, 64, 96, 128, 160, 192, 320
Answers to Questions
63, 96, 128, 159, 192, 256, 352
Model Programme 63
Notices 96, 352, 384
Quarterly Conferences 126, 159, 320
Bohemians B. F. Cummings, Jr. 23
Beecher's Farm 191
• Body and Spirit H. W. Naisbitt. 234, 264
Chronology of the Hindoos
William Fotheringham. 14., 42, 74
Chronicles of Utah. Beta.61, 78
Cajolery and Flattery H. W. Naisbitt. 87
Christmas Amethyst. 91
Child Training Ten. 133
Character of Washington... Thos. Jefferson. 301
Cumorah Orson Pratt. 357
Curiosities of Luxury 384
Darwinism James H. Hart. 88
Destruction of a Swiss Village
N. V. Times. 124
Death of Mozart, ■ 143
Discovery of America.,,,.. Wm Robertson. 367
Editorial,
James A. Garfield....,.,.....-..,.... ........ 26
William C.Staines 27
Orson Pratt 58
Notice to Subscribers..., . 90
Holland Record ....... 90
Smoking....... 91
"Young Mormondom." 122
Memorials to Congress 154
The "Edmunds Bill." 186
The Petitions 187
The Constitutional Convention 218
Joseph L. Barfoot 250
Atlantis 282
Respect for Age 314
In Memoriam...... 314
The Utah Commission...., 315
Roll and Record....... 346
Volume Four ,, , 378
Registration 379
Eras of the Church H. W. Naisbitt... 109
Feramorz L. Young Moses Thatcher. 38
Fault Finding William W. Taylor. 93
Formation of Soil J. B. Toronto. T49
Fashion Follies Selected. 189
Friendship , Emmeline B. Wells. 313
Glaciers J. B. Toronto. 8
Glacier Motion J. B. Toronto. 36
Great Engineering Projects 119
Gariabldi Selected. 276
Girl and Empress Selected. 288
General Skobeleff W. F. 316
Home O. F. Whitney. 25
Hindoo Fable 158
Home-Coming Millie May. 319
How we are Saved O. F. Whitney. 334
CONTENTS.
Impure Castes Wm, Fotheringham. 137
In Memoriam — Elizabeth Ann Whitney
Louie Wells, 156
In the White Mountains P. P. Pratt. 311
Inconsistencies of Modern Christianity
Joseph A. West. 332 Intoxicated Geese 337
Journey to Palmyra Zenobia. 332
Knowledge of the World Phren. your. 222
Love One Another L. W, E. 95
Live and Labor.. .Emily Hill Woodmansee. 121
Longfellow A. W- C. 219
Laws of the Hindoos
Wm. Fotheringham. 237, 266 Land of the Nile S. B. E. 307
Miracles Geo. Reynolds. 44
Mormon Polygamy and Christian Monoga- my Moses Thatcher.
99, 130, 162, 196, 229, 261, 293, 325
Music Advocate. 174
Mormon and Jew — A Modern Parallel
Geo. Reynolds. 247 Man's Origin and Destiny... O. F. Whitney. 268
Modern Christianity John E. Carlisle. 306
Motive of Reading C. F. Richardson. 384
No ; A Temperance Story
E. H. Anderson 10 Noble Men J. E. Carlisle. 190
Opposition John B. Keeler. 80
Objections to the Book of Mormon
Geo, Reynolds. 81, 105, 134
Offence Victor Eremita. 118
Otters St. Nicholas, 144
Oscar Wilde Talula Young. 181
Our Missionaries J L. Townsend. 217
Only One Fault 350
Publications Received 64, 224, 255
Political Duties of the Hour
H. W. Naisbitt. 179 Prophetic Dreams.. Phrenological Journal. 254 Parental Duty O. F. Whitney. 299
Reply to Ingersoll Fera L. Young. 46, 71
Raphael The Painter J aefuu. 113
Religion at Home H W. Naisbitt. 109
Retrospection Emmeline B. Wells. 153
Resurgam Hannah T. King. 249
Ralph Waldo Emerson C. T. 252
Reminiscences Hannah T. King. 280
Russians and Jews Selected. 343
Sermons and Writings of the Prophet Joseph.
Bi ograph ical 1
John the Baptist 6
Priesthood 1 33
Priesthood II 65
Children in Heaven 97
Redemption and Election 129
Baptism for the Dead 161, 193
The Holy Ghost 225
Spirits 257, 289
Gift of Healing 321
The Government of God 353
Siege of Yorktown. Thos. Y. Stanford. 17
Seed Time of Youth 24
Some Savage Fancies 95
"Sand." J. B. K. 121
Spirit Memories J . L. Townsend. 249
Social Evils B. H. Roberts. 309
Self Culture John H. Kelson. 365
Thoughts on Genesis Geo. Reynolds. 16
The Echo Canon War Vaux.
50, 84, 102, 146, 177, 215, 270, 296, 339, 380
The Planet Jupiter J . B. Toronto. 68
The Faith Promoting Series.. .j?. . Young. 76
Trials J. L. Townsend. 89
The Brahmans of India
Wm. Fotheringham. 108
To L. B. J Beppo. 120
The Origin of Man....^. Plato Johnson. 139
The Fate of the Foremost
0. F. Whitney. 167, 199
The Bible Edivard E. Brain. 175
Twilight Reveries Emmeline B. Wells. 185
The Edmunds Bill.
Geo. Reynolds 204
Heber J. Richards 205
Ellen B. Ferguson... 207
Franklin S. Richards 209
The Poet's Season Amethyst. 232
The Art of Writing Rex. 274
The Holy Ghost C. H. Bliss. 279
The "Jeannette." Youth's Companion. 284
The Lost Colony John S. Sleeper. 386
The Old Folks Joseph L. Townsend. 312
Time in Prophecy.. ..Joseph L. Townsend. 345
The Restoration E. H. Anderson. 348, 370
The Secret of Beauty H. . Naisbitt. 359
The Musician's Dream Musicus. 362
Virgil Ruby Lamont. 20
Von Moltke Youth's Companion. 30
Winter Pleasures Amethyst, in
ADVERTISEMENTS,
BOl'CK BEAPEKS. !
RICHMOND MOWERS
The Lightest Draft Machines in the
Territory, and the Favorite on
account of their Excellence
and Low Price.
ftOCE ISLAND PL0W& STEEL aad CBXLLEO
SULKY RAKES,
Hand and Self- Dump,
Sold from same yard by Lynch and
Col troll. Send for Price List and
Circulars.
LIBEEAL DISCOUNT TO DEALEES.
Call on or Address j£±m T- JOHNSON,
P. O. BOX 571, SATLT JLAKM CITY,
IS
is
FURNITURE
New and Second Hand, "VZESIVST CHEAP
Call and see
J. P. SORfflSOTI k C0M
16 MAIN ST. 3 Doors South ef Temple Block.
Office and Yard. Corner East of Theatre.
123, 129, 127, 129, 131 M STREET,
Salt Lake City,
FURNITURE,
Cornice ant Curtains, etc., Mattresses ana Feathers, etc.
GENERAL UPHOLSTERY 1
Children's Carrions and Bon' Wagons.
WARNOCK
deals in
Newton Farm Wagons.
Johnson Wrought Iron Mowers, Bear Cut.
Johnson Changeable Speed Mowers, Bear
Cut. Johnson Changeable Speed Mowers, Front
Cut. Johnson Wrought Iron Beaper and Mower
Combined. Johnson Continental Beaper, One Wlieel. Weir Sulky and Hand Ploivs all sizes. Steel and Cast Iron Shares for all sizes of
Ploivs. Sulky Hay Bakes different kinds. Diamond Cultivators, Weir Harrows, and other Agricultural Implements. All Implements warranted to be first class.
Send for price lists and circulars.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
H. B. CLAWSON,
Dealer In Wool, Hides, Pelts, Furs, etc., Agri- cultural Implements of all kinds, Steel Bot- tom Scrapers, Victor Cane Mills, James Lel- rel's Turbine Wheels, Economy Portable Hay Press, Machine Extras, Spring Wagons, Farm Wagons, Hazard Powder, Glidden's Steel Barb Fence Wire, Farm and Church Bells, Kennedy's celebrated Sheep Dip. Goods, not in Stock ordered on Commission when de- sired. 1212 and 1216 South Temple Street.
ELIAS MORRIS,
mn MS MONUMENTAL MASONS,
PLASTER OF PARIS MANUFACTURERS,
BUILDERS & CONTRACTORS;
F. 0. Eoz, 1065,
SALT LAKE CITY.
DAVID JAMES,
PLUMBER, TINNER, GAS AND STEAM
FITTER. WATER PIPES
LAID TO ORDER.
DEALER IN PUMPS, HOSE AND IRON PIPES,
AND SHEET LEAD.
Office and Work Shop, 67 and 69 Main Street.
No. 1237 1st South St.,
No. 62 2nd south St,
WHITE & SONS,
Proprietors..
Have always on hand the
CHOICEST OF MEATS
I1ST SEASON.
POEK AND BEEF SAUSAGES,
B O Hi O Or 3fcT -£u ,
And all kinds of
DRIED 2v£ B j&. T S .
All orders entrusted to our care promptly delivered.
124 and 126 East Temple Street,
■I
Announce that they now receive the Largest and best Selected Stock of
Ever shown in this Market, Consisting of
MOSTLY OUR OWN IMPORTATION. IS COMPLETE IN EVERY LINE.
mm m nwi mobs, com, buttons, laces, bdmidebik
Of Latest Design and Lowest Prices. BOOT -a.3^TID SHOE DEZF^.^TO^EIfcTT:
Ladies', Misses', Children's Shoes and Slippers, of best Makes, Gents' and
Boys' Boots, Gaiters, Alexis Ties, Ladies' Dolmans, Ulsters, Dusters,
Suits of Latest Styles, Skirts and Underwear, at Popular Prices.
MILLINERY IN AL ITS BRANCHES, AT WHOLESALE ONLY.
ADVERTISEMENTS,
EW/fflBli
d
w Violins, Accordeons, guitars, Flutes, Banios, Brass utrnionls, Drums,
f^H And all kinds of
Y§\ Musical Instruments, Music, .»Jn»»«i Slootss. Strings mid Fitting!),
L^^ Best and Cheapest at Uh^
l-j CARELESS' & GROXALL'S MUSIC HOUSE, ^
^^ 1234 First South Street, Salt Lake City. V__J
F SEND FOE, CATALOGUES. • -^
L- p. J-fARDY.
P. ji. J^ARDY
HARDY. BROTHERS,
SUCCESSORS TO .A.. 3D. •VOL73STO, DEALERS IN
t«IM HE
H08.
1011
2© 6c 23 IMIstixi. Street, Opposite Z. C. Ibs/dl. I.
SALT LAKE CITY,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
Dry Gods, Gnjeeries, Boots, Shoes, Hardware, Notions, ktdds fl General Merchandise
BE&T HOUSE iFOR ^FAMILY SUPPLIES, B- I?. TEASDEL,
P. 0. BOX. 352.
East Temple Street
HOWARD SEBREE,
S-A-IJX1 Xj-^ICIE
'sells the
TIGER AND SELF-DUMPING
The Best in. the Market.
Also the Champion Reapers and Mowers- A full stock of celebrated Bain Wagops.— Racine Spring Wagons can't be excelled' Oliver Chilled and Molina Plows-
■m- AIA GOOUS WAURASTEJ). SEK1) F»15 PRICE MST3. -m
the
■■"^ ' '" * ■ J Mil I I ' i f|| ||
C; H, I
This Institution carries in its Immense Stock Complete Lines of
The Leading
GLASSWARE.
CROCKERY.
m
Mercantile
Establishment
CARPETS.
in the West.
BOOTS and SEOES.
The Public are cordially iavited to call and inspect our goods.
*>y SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, j*
'WILLIAM JENNINGS, Superintendent
,-L. ,.„J-.
Steel Engraving
EORGE A. SMITH
Orders will be received for a few proof copies of this Elegant Engrav- ing, which is to
Illustrate the Biography of President Smith
IN THE FO"D"E,TI£ "VOX/CTME OF THE
STEEL ENGRAVINGS
iosr
SOLID
WALNUT FRAMES.
oif1
PEICE
$3.00 A PAIR.
AJS}
CONTRIBUTOR OFFICE.
ADVERTISEMENTS.
18 8 3.
j
sis
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN
DRY GOODS AND NOTMS,
GROCERIES, WOODEN WARE, and TINWARE,
CROCKERY AND GLASSWARE,
STOVES, GLASS, ETC., ETC.
Our Stock is larger than ever and cannot be excelled by any house west of the
Quality and Prices huutooi lo Give Satisfaction.
ORDERS BY MAIL SOLICITED.
WM. JENNINGS & SONS.
Emporium Buildings, Salt Lake City, Utah.