IS : 1624 - 1986 (Reaffirmed 2009) Indian Standard METHODS OF FIELD- TESTING OF BUILDING LIME ( Second Revision) Second Reprint AUGUST 1996 UDC 691.51:620.1 Copyright 1986 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002 Gr 2 December 1986 IS : 1624 · 1986 Indian Standard METHODS OF FIELD TESTING OF BUILDING LIME ( Second Revision) Building Limes Sectional Committee, BDC 4 SURI Chairman C. D. THATTE M,mhns R,pres", ting Gujarat Engineering Research Institute, Vadodara RESEARCH OJl'J'ICER ( GERI ) ( Altemat« to National Council for Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi En,ineer-in-Chief·s Branch (Ministry of Defence ), New Delhi National Test House, Calcutta Shri C. D. Thatte ) Dn S. C. AHLUWALIA SHRJ S. P. S. AHUJA MAJ V. K. SURI ( Altnnate ) SARI S. K. BANERJEE SHBJ D. K. KANUOO ( Alt".nat, Sanr N. G. BASAK ) Directorate General of Technical New Delhi Development, Association, SURI SBRJ S. K. GHOSH H. U. BIJLANI ( AltmUJle) All SURI S. J. BAHADUR ( Altmaal,) B. K. CHAKRABORTY Housing and Urban Development Co-operation, New Delhi SRBI P. S. SRIVASTAVA ( AlImatd, ) SHIU S. K. CBAUDB ABY Lime Manufacturer~' Association of India, New Delhi Da N. G. DAVE Central Building Research Institute (CSIR), Roorkee SBRI S. K. MALHOTRA ( AltlmlJl, ) D I aBO'" 0 R " A . P . Engineering Research Laboratories, Hyderabad JOINT DIRECTOR ( A.lum.t, ) D I BEe T 0 B Central Soil and Materials Research Station, New Delhi DEPUTY DIBI:CTOR ( AllmuJu ) SHltI j N~w India Housing Delhi Development ~ CO/J;1rilht 1986 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS This pubUcatioD ia protected under the /""1IIfI Cop,yr.,h/ Act (XIV of 1~57) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher aIlalJ be deemed to be aD iDfrjn5l~ment of copyright under the laid Act. IS I 1624· 1986 M1m6.,. s HOUIING COfdll18810NBR R.IIDJtblT E~GINBBB ( JfllmuJ" JOINT DIBBCTOR RESE.lRCH ( B&S) DBPUTY DIRECTOR RESEARCH SURI N. MAOEDO SH'RI H. L. MAl{WAB SSB,I HA:RIBH C. KOHLI ( DR S. C. MAUDGAL SHBl Y. R. PBULL R'pr,sndin, Rajasthan Houaiol Board, Jaipur ) Research, Designs and Stand.reb Orlandation ( MiDiatry of Rai)ways )t Lucknow Dyer's Stone Lime Co Pvt Ltd, Delhi Builder's Association of India, Bombay AltuM") Department of Science &. Technology, New Delhi Central R.oad Research IDStitute (CSIR), New Delhi SHRI l\tl. L. BHATIA ( AltmuJU) OK A. V. R. aAO National Buildings OrcanizatiOD, New Delhi SaRI J. SEN GUPTA ( AlllmtIl,) SDBI M. V. N.'OABA.J RAO ~ Public Works Department, Government of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal Slnu C. V. KA~D ( SHRI K. V. SINGH ( BitS) (.t4lt"naII) AltmuJI,) SIIBI J. N. KAOKJBR ( AI,,,,,,,,,, ) Department of Mines &. Geology, Government of Rajasthan, Udaipur SuPSnlNTElmrNO EM'OJNBBB Public Works Department, Government of Tamil ( PLAlfNINO & DBSION ) Nadu, Madras EXECUTIVE ENGINEER ( BOILflnfO COTBB DIYISION ) ( Alt""." ) SUPBBDfTBNDINO SURVEYOR OJ' Central Public Worb WOR1C8 ( NDZ ) SURVEYOR 01' WORK8 I Department. New Delhi SimI V. VA8t1DBVAN E. G. RAMAN, ( NDZ ) ( Allmlall ) SB1\1 RAMACHANDBAK ( SBIU Khadi &. Villase Industries Commiaion, New Delhi Al",."." ) Director General. lSI (&-officio M,m6" ) Director ( OJ. EDI' ) S,erdat;1 SSRIN.C.BAKDYOPADBYAY Deputy Director ( Civ Enll ), lSI 2 AMENDMENTNO.1 JUNE 1"1 TO IS 1'24 : It1' METHODS OF I1ELD TESTING OF BUILDING LIME (s .--.) ( ,.,,, d-" U.I.1, IiIws 1 Mtl3," FJI. 1 ) - Substitute die ' ' - 01 ca.' /II' 'lnaJM:Ited COlIC'. '110" (Cl!D4) IS : 1624 · 1986 Indian Standard METHODS OF FIELD TESTING OF BUILDING LIME ( Second Revision) u, FOR E W 0 R D 0.1 This Indian Standard ( Second Revision) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 30 June 1986, after the draft finalized by the Building Limes Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 Lime is a reactive material and constantly undergoes chemical changes on exposure to the atmosphere. Even during manufacture, there are chances of variability in the quality. It is, therefore, necessary to check its quality at various stages such as after burning, on slaking, during storage and before actual use. For this purpose, simple field tests can give quick and fairly reliable results. Only those field tests have been included in this standard which are fairly well established and have proved satisfactory. Although these are not as accurate as laboratory tests specified in IS : 6932 ( Parts 1 to 11 )* which alone shall form the basis of acceptance or rejection for the purchase of material, field tests give a general idea of the quality of building lime and can be quite reliable if done in accordance with rl:e specified procedure. 0.2.1 This standard ",as first re vised in 1974. Consequent upon the inclusion of addirional variety of lime in IS : 712-1984t, this revision has been prepared to cover the field testing of all the varieties of lime. In this revision, all the methods have been modified in the light of experience gained during the use of this standard and a new me- 'vod for testing workability has been incorporated. 0.3 In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, jf the final value, observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960t . · Method. of test for building limes ( issued in 11 parts). "Specification for buUdinllimes ( Ihi,d ,lVision ). :Rules for roundins off numerical values ( rlv;std ). 3 18 · 1624 · 1986 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard Jays down the procedures of the following simple field tests for building lime: a) Visual examination, b) Hydrochloric acid test, c) Ball test, d) Impurity test, e) Plasticity test on blotting paper, and f) Workabiliry test. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.1 For the purpose of this standard, the definitions given in IS : 65081972· shall apply. 3. VISUAL EXAMINATION 3.1 Procedure aDd Observation - Examine the lime for colour and for state of aggregation, namely, lumpy, powdery, soft, hard, etc. Class C&D limes mostly used for whitewash have white colour. Lumpy form may indicate quick lime or unburnt limestone but the former may be differentiated by' its porous structure. The hydrated lime supplied should not contain coarse and gritty lime pieces larger than about 2'50 mm when rubbed in between the thumb and the finger. t. HYDROCHLORIC ACID TEST 4.1 Procedure - Place sufficient quantity of powder lime into a 50-ml graduated glass cylinder, which on gentle tapping for about two minutes or so, settles down to about S-ml mark with a neat surface on the top. Into this cylinder, fill up to 25-ml mark hydrochloric acid ( 1 : 1 ), preferably along a glass rod placed in the cylinder so that the acid does not get smeared aU over the side of the cylinder. The contents, after stirring with a glass rod, should not leave much inert material at the bottom of the cylinder. To ensure that the inert material left at the bottom of the cylinder after stirring with a glass rod, does not contain any calcium carbonate, add excess of hydrochloric acid drop by drop with constant stirring till there is no effervescence. The cylinder with its contents shall then be kept standing for about 24 hours for observation of gel formation. -Glossary of terms relating to building lime. 4 IS · 1624 · 1986 4.2 Ob8ervatioD ·· 2.1 If the effervescence indicating the liberation of carbon dioxide is abundant, it may be inferred that either the lime has a substantial proportion of calcium carbonate because it has not been burnt properly and adequately and/or stored properly. AU acceptable lime will, however, give some effervescence. 4.2.2 The volume of insoluble residue at the bottom of the cylinder compared with the original volume of lime will indicate the proportion of inert material and give an idea if it is excessive or not. 4.2.3 In case of hydraulic lime, a good thick gel will be formed and below it some inert material will be deposited. If the gel is so thick, as not even to flow when the cylinder is turned upside down, the inference may be that the lime is of Class A. If the gel formed is not quite thick and tends to flow on being tilted, the lime may be class B or E. If there is no gel formation the Iime may be Class C, D Or F. 5. BALL TEST 5.1 Procedure - Make balls of about 50 mm diameter of quick lime mixed with just sufficient water to give a stiff paste, and leave them undisturbed for a period of six hours. Immerse in a basin of water. 5.2 Ob.ervatioD - Signs of disintegration within a few minutes show that time may be of Class C or D. Very little expansion and numerous cracks sometimes seen on the surface show that lime may be of Class B or E. No signs of disintegration under water show that lime may be of Class A. 6. IMPURITY TEST 6.1 Procedure -- Draw a known mass of freshly burnt quick lime from the kiln or quick lime supplied and place in a vessel containing sufficient quantity of water. Stir the contents well and allow them to: settle for two hours. Then pass the milk of lime with addition of' water, if necessary, through 850 micron IS sieve. Wash the residue containing unburnt or overburnt stone, cinder, sand or any other. impurity with clean water tin it is free from lime. Transfer the residue to a metal tray with a jet of water. ; Allow it to settle and decant off the water from the tray: Dry the residue, cool and screen out any fines which may have resulted due to slaking. Dry the residue for 8 hours in hot sun and weigh. 6.2 Ob.ervatioD - The extent of residue calculated as percentage of the initial mass of material gives an idea about the burning efficiency 5 IS I 162. · 1'86 of the kiln or the presence of unreactive portions in the lime lupplied as given below: a) Ciasl Band F will have residue not more than 10 percent, and b) Clals C and D wiJ1 have residue not more than 5 percent. NOTE - In rare cales, residue may be more than 10 percent in case of Class B lime. 7. PLASTICITY TEST ON BLOnlNG PAPER 7.1 Procedure - Mix the lime with water to a thick cream like consistency and leave preferably overnight. Then, spread it like butter with the help of a knife on a blotting paper. 7.2 ObeervatloD - A comparison with the behaviour of performances of standard lime of known good quality with a little experience helps in judging its plasticity. If it is spreadable with ease without any gritty material and with soft strokes, then it may have good plasticity. a. WORKABILITY TEST 8.1 The two tests described in 8.1.1 and 8.1.2 may be used to evaluate the workability of lime. 8.Ll M,thod J 8.1.1.1 This procedure is largely a matter of judgement and is entirely left to the practical knowledge and experience of the mason or plasterer who uses the mortar. The test shall be performed on the same mortar as is subsequently required to be used in the construction. By throwing, with the same effort as for rough-cast work, a handful of the mortar on the surface on which it is to be used and by noting how much area is covered and how much mortar is picked up, the mason may be able to judge the workability. The spread of mortar on throw of a spadeful of mortar on trowel to the wall shall be at least double in size and greater part of it shall remain stuck to the wall for a good workability. 8.1.2 M,thod 2 8.1.2.1 For this test, truncated cone and plate shown in Fig. 1 shall be used. Prepare the mortar as is subsequently required to be used in the construction. Fill the truncated cone A with this mortar after placing the plate B in position under the cone, Gently tamp the mortar with. wooden rod l approximately 16 mm in diameter ) and remove the excess mortar with a mason'. trowel so that the mortar surface is in level with the top rim of the cone. Raise the cone along with the plate B to a height of 300 mrn. Slide the plate B horizontally so that the mortar falls freely on the graduated plate C placed below horizontally 6 IS I 1624 · 198& on the ground. Read the spread of the mortar on the plate and take the average. This spread shall be 150 to 160 mm for a good workable mortar. r· I. l7(1.~'Hr~ flOG JOO J "',.. THICK MILD STEEL GALVANIUO SHEET $TIEL SHU' .1 ELEYATION II JOO l""" "LAN TRUNCAleo tONE A I 120 I~' "'''' THteK L~ ~ '2Q GAI.VANIIID STilL IHiIT PLATE C PLAtE B All dimensions in millimetre·· Fro. 1 CONE AND PLATES FOR WORKABILITY TEST 7 H_ Plot No. 2QI8. BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARD8 Men. 8h8v_, 1 Bahadur Sh. . za.. 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