The Executive Work Station
A high performance 4-part business package
MABAUWEA: A comprehensive telephone and personal appointment manager that speed dials your phone, tracks telephone costs and billing, prints: reports and memos and keeps your personal calendar, on both a daily and monthly basis.
in -) 4 =: The first fully inte- grated word processor, spreadsheet and data base manager for the Apple ///. Combines the power of the three most commonly used program types with the mene to easily transfer data among them.
Provides the
ability to quickly analyze and present data graphically including sophisticated statistical and mathematical tech- niques.
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Integrated spread sheet, word processing
and data base for Apple /// Computers
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NOTICE
Haba Systems, Inc. reserves the right to make changes in the product this manual describes at any time without notice.
DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES AND LIABILITIES
Haba Systems, Inc. makes no warranties, either express or implied, with respect to this manual or to the product described in this manual, its quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose. The software is sold or licensed “as is”. The entire risk as to quality and perfor- mance is with buyer—and not with Haba Systems, Inc., its distributor, or its retailer—who assumes the entire cost of all necessary servicing, repair, or correction and any incidental or inconsequential damages. In no event will Haba Systems, Inc. be liable for direct, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages resulting from any defect in the product, even if Haba Systems, Inc. has not advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitations of implied warranties or liability for incid- ental or consequential damages, so the above, limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.
This manual is copyrighted. All rights are reserved. This document may not, in whole or in part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form without con- sent, in writing, from Haba Systems, Inc.
SOS is acopyrighted program of Apple Computer, Inc. licensed to Rupert Lissner to distribute for use only in combination with /// E-Z Pieces. Apple Software shall not be copied onto another diskette (except for archive purposes) or into memory unless as part of the execution of /// E-Z Pieces. When ///E-Z Pieces has completed execution Apple Software shall not be used by any other program.
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///E-Z Pieces
Developed by Rupert Lissner
© Copyright 1983 by Haba Systems, Inc. ///€-Z Pieces is a trademark of Haba Systems, Inc.
Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
Habanet is a trademark of Haba Systems, Inc. DIF is a trademark of Software Arts, Inc. Catalyst is a trademark of Quark Incorporated ProFile is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Quick File is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. VisiCalc is a registered trademark of VisiCorp
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1—Understanding / / / E-Z Pieces
What (s/f E-Z2 PIOCOS? 6 osc ses ecas ceo eee nee aw Hews awe awe Cas Coa CR 1-1 Equioment YOu NESS sc ces cap 6.cGh ewe 2o5 855 Fee eee ew ee eS eee 1-1 How eee 77 7 EZ. Pints WIE oie oe hee bho aw Rk oe eee 1-2 PA PF EAE Pe PI a tare dla Sai hee a ee Reick ee 1-4 RI i ak anata leh ig ae achalasia 1-4 General Guidelines for /// E-Z Pieces Files ..................000. 1-6 File. LOGAUONS «case cas ons 004 7559 4Ns woven Hen GET ERE RwR ees ER ees 1-7 Standard and Current Locations ss ces-ccx ces wee sce eae ose cea eon 1-7 Files by Filename or Grouped by Pathname .................... 1-7
FeSO IFES EI tetracaine ga A ee ie a AR oi 1-8
Chapter 2—Working With / / / E-Z Pieces
Searel Te Lile 77 Eee PICS a0 ch 00k 505.9R5 das 185 0.69 erate ee 2-2 Communicating With://7-E-Z PIOCES: « +5008 cad e909 neh wats worms wacen 2-2 USING CODBN-ANDIS COMMANGS ws scx ats cee ern erg wae nnd oie Ne dws 2-3 ReESpOndING 10 PLOMDls ocicccidiiis ves wee cme sw cere mes oN ee ER 2-3 SelIecind & Mend Opuon ssicais cos ces con sew aes cow ore cannes eens 2-3 Selecting an Answer to a QueStiONn .......... cece eee ev eeeeeee 2-4 Cnoosing Files Front LG ..54.008-c09 cee dceaeed ee as coe Be Ss 2-5 Answering Questions by Typing Information ............eeee eee 2-6 Typing and Editing Information: General Guidelines............... 2-6 Using /77 E-2: Pieces’ TWO: GUISOIS 6.6.00 ves mem wees sae Kare He OURS 2-6 Deleting INOUNBEON s5 cs .c95 cee ene eeu cxe 18s weer RS Vee REEE CON 2-7 LSS “ESS 4. cas vse cee be 2G Sw Oe ES EO Oe RR ee A 2-7 Using 7/7 EZ PisGes FUN «x5 6.005.008 ORs C66 05S CoO 89S KASD 2-7 RTH FAERIE ALL SO a sexed aiken eae ntid Radi emikioce’amals H's 2-8 PRE FOR A ETN LOG RIOO pis dhdipcias nin cen eee eae beh ene eeate 6 2-8 Working With One of the Files on the Desktop ...............0005 2-10 saving Desktop Files to DISK sa ves eco saws gee 008 vee nvs wen weowern 2-10 Removing Files From the DeSKtop « 2... 0605 ie. cas cee ee vee eee v eee 2-12 Quitting 4/7 E-Z PiOCGs: its cay vee oes cs. 5 es eee eS OS HE eR Hs 2-13 Using Other Activities Menu Options ............. 2. eee ee eee eee 2-14 Changing the Current Disk Drive or SOS Prefix.................. 2-14 Listing Files orc ine Laurent DISK acne cas cxw wees kan eww eure ee ee 2-15 Creating a New SUDGIFOCTOF wc ccs ces vesecnesws enw cow con wee wees 2-16 Deleting Files From ine Olshiasx cn axa cca reewcawews cam wee eon ees 2-16 POM 4 BIANK DISK sas icas coy sey Kes Kew RRRewe KOR ORS HES 2-16
Selecting the Standard Location of the Data Disk ................ 2-17 LL Ok se teccambads Bien wait neeieie wieaiomewariCman 2-18 OE OE POE: cetctcevtaicnibabileons etna tea aon mi mbeemdnaniiels 2-18 Moving Back and Forth Between Files ...............c0ce eee 2-18 Saving the File You're: Working ON issivces cos cane cas vxeueowaves 2-18 Prinung a CODY OT INS DISDIAY ves cas Kesanww eos Kem Hed Has LORS 2-19 Keeping Track of Available Desktop Space ................ceee. 2-19
Chapter 3—Understanding the Data Base
The Data Base’s TWo Main FUNCTIONS 2.0.00. 0605 oe cee ves bee eevee een 3-1 BNC TIIEY FIO sconce sesacmnecmcsacasen mee: Sibi: ERENCE RR eas Bee HA Ke RR ES 3-2 Fe NTS oo exccomaee own Kaw 604.NSS. SWE RENE EUR EE Be eR Wee we 3-3
Chapter 4—Working With Data Base Information
CFEC res EX ERIE CRE FU maces sae Bed ace: ik RE ee Ce on 4-2 rianning a New Data Base: Fil€@:ss ses cas cies eos exe eer ews o48 088 We 4-2 Creating He Files: «2% ccsese rune cow any wen Res HER TO NEES OOS eee 4-3
FIO SCIAIGN ges. ces wae nen aie WORMS Ses KES BES Ada RS BRS BS 4-3 PRG TG (RSI FUG aacens ceo sed 60% cw ooo ori eae om 4-4 Fe KALE RU ek 0 ERS DEIR Hee Kee mad Seow ye wepaien 4-5 Fron ® CREO FS Fibs oss ceseeenteenkt on en enero 4-6
Multipte.ana: Single Record. FOrnnNats ccsw0ccsseevs can wes exe weewewees 4-6
INSOTUNG FOCOIGS sees i040 02s cvs ces POWER ees AS CR ROS HOO 4-7 ReCOIGS INIO @ NOW ENS « csy cvswng cen Gee wewis OHS is teN 664 25% Ka 4-7 Pecoriis (tO Gh ERIS FUG sa -c06 660 2065.54 Kae Kwan dnn 4-8
1 SOS eC LAVOE 6s seaeag tie mine ecw Komen wanna 4-8 FT IRC een VOU icka aor see ein mean ies-e ee ee nes 4-9
PLING SPORE DON IAN EIINS ii00 edd cae eeiweewnns eer peas eae 4-9 Typing and. Editing ENHGS: v10:600.0rs00s see ceewew saan exe 64K 4-10 IOI EMeSics cas xan xes caw cow cow G00 €R% KOE ERS BEES HS% BER Be 4-10 SG SUNGEI VAIUBS sven sesecus Kes Oe As 18S OG RR RRS 4-10 LSttig DAISS GAO TCS ccs oo. 55. 05s F555 OSG hw ewe ene nned so wes 4-11
Re ee et kde sities id hee eitedk cakes Semen 4-13 Cursor Movement In Multiple-and Single-Record Layout ....... 4-14 Cursor Movement In Multiple-Record Layout................5. 4-14 Cursor Movement In Single-Record Layout ..............0000. 4-15
DBIStIe) RECOIGS ccawaws cus cam caw Bas KOS Eo CEWH ONE BOR REA EEE OG HRS 4-15
CONUS TOCINGS co cxcwnawie.cme ery HES Kee HR HRS RRRRREY HER BRS OSE KES 4-17 COW CAG FOGG occas ins 505 cee 40s Hae tee cern com War ore 4-17 CO 7IiG (SIGNS CF SBC GIIG ass cx see hein deenoeenwkerewn wee wus 4-17
FRAN SNA OD cease eer sapib Asin nae Nhat ad tees ees Rak shah ne ne donee Wea. 4-18
EBD LAY Lae POCONOS iacace cyrncectoucwncn mies Raw, con seo NE Bee wee 4-18
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Changing Record Selection RUGS ia. sss ces wenwansene cow cen eas 4-18 PINGING Cela ROCONS o5 nos cea c05 £06 958 ORO NEORRNS tay ee eee 4-19 TEA COI FE TRI scission Ses Sesacnnenn ‘Winona esa NIRS 4-20 RETOREING FOOOIGS canncwena dene cher wed awn ne ee arinea CE Re ee ees 4-20 Zooming In ANG GUE sexe ecwcew cre ercaws wes Hed nee. Cee eu exe, we noes 4-2) Changing the Record Layout vases ces caeses ees wae renews eee care ome 4-21 Changing the Multiple-Record Layout .......... ccc cece eee noes 4-22 Changing the Single-Record Layout.............. eee eee eee 4-23 CHERGING & FIGS Ue ose: s cisin ed AGNES OSD Cee bE IER CRN oa 4-24
Chapter 5—Reporting With the Data Base
FGDOITSIVIOS ces Hes Whe seu wR awe Hed Cee KOR HERERO ew ee 9-2 FGHIGFE FONTATS 0 cnw 600 ced died HOS EOF RESALE ER 5-3 Pets onell w ihanhcnrconceste Siew youn Risa aan era BAG a alk eRe 5-3 Creating € TARIBS SIV IG FRGDON «niin: nie cota eed ie mle en ew won & 5-5 Summary of Considerations and FeatureS........... 0. cee e eens 5-6 Moviria Te GUrsol: <aswevees pwe cee wes eee weswawwsww sew awe ses 5 5-7 Charioindg Column Width sacs ess ves wes nes aspwewswwsnse nes exe 5-7 Switching Caleanry Positions’: ccs ses van con cas sewers v coe ene ues 5 5-8 Re Ee ee ee ee er Yee 5-9 Inserting Previously Deleted CategorieS.............e cece eens 5-9 Changing Record Selection Rules. cs css ies eee swe nemearacee 6 5-9 Arranging Records for the Report 6.6 isis cvs cow cesieeswewwerwees 5-10 Ristit Justifying GaleGONSS iss ces cox ces avs crm wenn wenwenwew err 5-10 Adding or Changing Report Names and Titles ................. 5-11 Creating a Calculated Category. was cis ios 0a boas ee SS KD 5-11 AGEING ANG REMOVING TOS «cnn se none nod eae enn soe GOS 5-13 DOTOLIG ahGtne TOS inc scx trnnns ces seo wmweieeaeeon 5-14 Creating a Labels-Styie Repottiiciss saw cas occ wee wai wrcnamuareere ecu ews 5-15 Summary of Considerations and Features ...............ee eee 5-15 MOVING Tie CUPSel's ces sies:n cas eee 254 tem cam Cos EEOC ae ews oO 5-17 Moving Tid CaIsGGTi8e scs.c.cas cus ian cos wae HES RH WWE BOE HRS 9-17 Deleting Categories or Spacing Lines From the Report ......... 5-17 Inserting Spacing-Lines or Previously Deleted Categories....... 5-18 LOT LISTING CAROOONIOS scteurdien ew cies Per tit Ki aeotees 5-18 Arranging Records tor tite Report ois cas eas cos saieea ceces comer 5-19 Changing Record Selection Rules .......... 0. cee eee eee e seen 5-19 LOOKING GC MGCOMS cis ces sass coin ae He bs HEE ES tos DE OWIR THOR 5-20 Printing Category Names on the Report............ccee ee eeees 5-20 Adding or Changing Report Names or Titles .................. 5-20 WGP ING WI) PTFE acerca ene eee Ci Re eens Kaa 5-21 Using Leftand Right Margin OpONS: cis css caw cca ose Rernceneene 5-22 Using Top and Bottom Margin Options .......... cece eee eee 5-24
Using Other Formatting Options «ics ws can caus eee coy 16s exe Hee 5-26 Determining Spacing in Tables-Style Reports.............+..55 5-27 Determining Spacing in Labels-Style Reports...............55. 5-27
Chapter 6—Understanding the Word Processor
The Word Processor's Two Main FUNCTIONS...“ 206 sce & 04.4 ca9 cee Kas Wes g 6-1 PENN PERNA a icine pbb stk "inn Ve nk acetate Ser A tans a in“ 6-2 I i a ine a ae in Sala ciel mt ae a aa a ele ae ors 6-2
Chapter 7—Working With Word Processor Documents
PRICE: CT LATING cntse ead Sees som cen ees ees ne athe I SR Ree St Se 7-2 Planning a Word Processor DOCUMENL, 6: cise tice ces cies 6 eae eo wee 7-2 Creating the DOCUuMGi ss cvs oes eos vecw caw wen can con Hews cen wae we 7-4
Fr6m SGPStel iz ccas cen es wen Gas 8 ER WER eee we ee ee 2 Bee Gwe 2s 7-4 Prom a Text (ASCU) File... cai can acn.2 ees eae Bes eRe oS 2 ee oe eS 7-5
Typing afte EqiiNG IMFOFTIATION oc wince wince cme sos ed eae ha © Uk COR EES 7-5 NCAT Vr EOIN hacsiense tien osacn ea eee won Gerken Sind ween ee Wek Ww eRe oe Whe 7-5 Lista FE PLS” ios case aanw. cour sion sein ae wine eee wien ese Mana wk tem 7-6 [riSertine: INTOTMATON s cca eee pew wes wwe core nue ee het one Ke OS we 7-6 Strikirig Over Existing INfOrmation casa cos gus ves wes wey vows ves ox 7-7 Editing (AfGrMation, «.. wo cx ces see eek ew cee Ee RD BES ees OF 7-7
Moving the Cursor Within 4 DOCUMENT 14 i. cas caw was eee tens can wes 7-8
NPRAAINES SOA LONI ssc ieatik eres oma ween ee Sheek Hane Some ‘einen “eee cea bie 7-9
Tet eC TIST ID) IOE secire sence ore isso etc somad een eee shane aN Foon 7-9
Deleting Information ............ seed wens: te bla wae deal RES Nea SeenON 7-10
RepMciiG Existing INtOPMGHOM 6s ces een que caw cee cue wae mart seie v 7-11 Replacing One or Several Occurrences of Information......... 7-11 Replacing All Occurrences of Information ..............0eeee. 7-12
Moving Text Within & DOCUMENT. « css wie enced cms sane wine eee web ales 7-13
Copying Text Wan B DOCUMENT teas saw sito wes sen! nex wie cow ti 7-14
PIG WATOTIVIQUIONS wise cumciee wie eirew mer ere ind Rae ein eer ite sess econ 7-15 FING? Pext ics ces ces see wee pes oe wee een siren nae Raw eee ew we 7-15 Finding a SHSCiIIC PAGS: «ees cox ces eee wes weey Hed cow Hey HeG HOW TR 7-17
USING MATKSIS a 005 cc 204 2 an BEG Ce) Ras KES ews RY OE HS HG HEN Hs 7-18 SOG MALRGIS nce sce vies acme ons eed HES KAS AES OEE OG ORS RS BEY GA 7-18 FPEEBET ETN Tan aaa atc Wigs “Gass Neh abla Me haa Pandata ae ae 7-18
Ferelined Gistiarie Tor Piet ce ccot sex wit poner cies aera ern Nae es 7-19
sing TAOS « ccev ses wow oes soewnww eee ens nes Wars eae bine Cw RUN HKD Oe 7-19 Setting and ‘Clearing Tabs siswa ecco cies aes since wwe wee cee Be Be 7-19 Moving the Cursor to: TabSs esac ces cee cos eee wees caw wes Hes es 9% 7-19
Changing thie Name of Your File « cas sew ses wus teoe ews oa wes Hes Ws 7-20
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Chapter 8—Formatting a Word Processor Document
PRCA LS AIT is ncet: wesc: tenes Weare incense: doin eps: pata ames “Sete wit ‘nda At 8-2 Using the Word Processor's Printer Options 3 wos ees ces ces cas cons cer 8-6 What Are Printer Options.......... 568 CER HOR CG BES KEN ES SOR BEE eS 8-6 Z5oming I Gry Printer OBNONS ic cus wns caw wae vee Kes oe aD Fes 8-6 GHAAGING PIINTSY OGTONS: 02 eir ein RES URR Ey diel as Sila ated 8-8 ///E-Z Pieces’ Best Guesses for Main Printer Options ......... 8-9 COUT CHIME ICO aR) SEGNEE peep codecs pes wire seek rece rn ta wean eNO 8-9 PTC MEIN) enise snc erat tas eed: eee eves annie ae ee Re Blew ee ve Ree 8-9 LEE MATIN wet ese. cx ena eas wes wed Ve peN ERE EE BOG ENG ERY ESS YS 8-10 PUOTIC MIBIOW cs cast own caw Bs or Wes Ree SER WERE HEN GOR HER OES OS 8-10 Canton Pant: DEASiy so cas cus cep Kas 5 9 SE KR BS Ea 8-11 CTT WE SET) a. teen specs xe vores wine Amie eenrareu brad ven eta 8-12 BEEP IRENE SEED 5 cect “elicit ate ie inst “ahaa iat psihladec tesa Nila laa aden 8-12 Top: Margin: wes cx pins Weta acnoelitleaR tana Shen: hana ace poeta deed tei mek 8-12 BOLO METOUT san can wos cru wen Ce ie eed EOS Bam area mie wae ace J 8-13 single, Double; and Triple Spacing « ics cas cas cen wan s pawn 6 es 8-13 Lines POF WG c was nee aey WAS CSW EH ERS ESN OU EE ES Ce eR: 8-13 Res LAC: cas WAG Cd GSS BAR GW Rhor Haw dene Wer onde Berean ee 8-14 WARE IE hed SCN Ns Gehan sind aloes! Wilks heap ise Wand eae tain Hates 8-14 Making Hanging Paragraphs and Bullets (Indenting) ........ 8-14 Justifying, Unjustifying, and Centering ...............0 econ 8-16 Using Page Headers and FOOCS:s ccs ees vees ow ees ews oon Cex 8-17 Using Special Printing TECHNique)s « aes cas 205 x65.8 soe dos wos vx COD 8-19 Using Baldtace ag WAdeEINING xs sos 6.c4 Bah 4 Kade’ bow vow rm 8-19 LISiTIG SUPETSCHENS STIG SUBSEROTE ce nce nace sevice ere wan semis 8-20 ARCs GES OEE ceed et aa Mies Rie Seed med er ea eet eee 8-21 Gontrolling Paging and Page Numbers? wis san was ves cass 6 caw ee eee 8-21 Calculating Page Nembers caw can vow ces oes ang eee ¥ erOERE Eos 8-22 SVSCITVING A NOW PAGE « ces sey ows cus ERG Wes Hes CF ws 8 ws 8-22 Sspecitving “Groups” of Information x sac ces oe5 was cons ¢ es 8-23 Fae Pe See PI cn csi ieee SaaS reso abla bas See es 8-24 PUTT iee FP DECIR So scscey wees nsecpnie eden Sermon imo tceast okay hci! took 8-24 Typing Information Tron the KR6YDOS(G woccwkd cna saw sae mon eed econ 8-25
Chapter 9—Understanding the Spreadsheet
The Spreadsheet’s Two Main Functions........ aia a cl iolet 9-1 ea Tater act seek Sit Miles? Sc hhc ad Yd" eisai "os aa etc ahaa hbo 9-2 er ee eR OAM RR air visa linha elite ened alee race amy Saeki ioreh apni tite Tetons 9-3
Chapter 10—Working With Information in Worksheets
Making 2: VWOrkSNGel « 6ss eva wes ows ee" Oe% ESE OOS ERG ES KES FERS EOS 10-3 Planning a New WOrKSNG6t xs ces cuou cos ows ees HOR Kon CoS Bees aH 10-3 Viiiat Answers DG YOU Wat? s aac 6.s5.4.85.8 Kaw eco meus meee me waves 10-6 What Values Produce the Answers? ............cecceceeeeee 10-6 What Formulas Make the Values Produce the Answers? ...... 10-6 What Should Your Worksheet Look Like? ................... 10-7 Greating ne WOrkSNOSl sei kas cas ons cen ews BES EOE BHR REN OES OeD s 10-8 FLOM! SCARS aa.cos «00% 04 em ROR ORR BRE RES Fk CRE BOR EER OES 10-9 PIO WIE PUSS ¢ ces sc5 eae Has SW SSG BRE EOW BE Kae Gee owe cares 10-10 Be ee Ne i Sl lia a a a aa 10-10 Working With Worksheet Standard Values..............00e cee. 10-11 Details About Worksheet Standard Values................0000- 10-13 PRUs I Cie seaweed eek, wears cee AGO PER AND ae wee RE: 10-14 Ae! POONA «> ces coy ces twa Kew R Sew ORR we ES Hee ES BREE. OOS 10-15 CSOMOTIN VIGUISs exe ce nan. Se ws KEES HES ROE SS SS ees 10-15 POC eCIOELD 16.1. Wucim Beem Sy SR GD S58 a saddens ede ae aes ne ae 10-15 PIN aha ei ard si tina atta hl at Sa eh a na 10-16 Checking Standard Values in Effect 2.0 ccs secsa coe sae cone can we oi 10-16 Changing Worksheet Standard Values ............. ccc cc eeeee 10-17 Typing:and: Editing Infonnaiion as ess wes ss gon eee ewe Oey OOR BES KG 10-18 Typ ENWIGS 2s css voswawse co 25y o8s Bes HER OS OSS OS OR RS Gs 10-18 BO ERGs a5 n54 cas. Wr ASee RE OST SS OES KES Re score enw ery cw 10-18 SEALE ee is 26S aah BBY ae Sram esac Sa Geld aes co abbas adaceltsd- ea? Venta ee 10-19 Re Bee ets octane scariest apt hea arses ion sch elae bea acd oe Na evans 10-20 SRN NI Se ae de leks dooce see ta a ene tl nies siren cea tae 10-20 go en 10-21 PGE canes sone, one aor cee eae eK a BNn RR ee eee ee ee ee 10-22 ACitrinietc: FUniCHONS. sca pms was He TSE s OER CEN ERE CSS 2) EEK en 10-24 CO VEE orcs ey Gee CHS BES FS KG LG caw sree ese Wak Racers 10-24 a a al eh te Nal a el ila 10-24 MRE NE Pete EEE Ge oe sentis pci eeesie Mace led Seeks ayia cma Acie ca es 10-25 BY SEIECTING ANSINAUVOS xx cas manic ants tom coe ean owe ea 10-25 PINANGIAl PUNCHONSG esac. aes cee wen cum gem TERS EEE BAG KES BED 10-26 Logical FuNnCionvi@ FP +a sss cos con aos wen Hees Cee ERS 885 FRG 10-27 POTN ES ia ce ee C84 HSS HED CRE WEES OES CAG HER RRS DEE OPE HOR RES ES 10-28 Moving the Cursor Within a Worksheet ..............0c0e eee eee 10-30 Mvotr ey VEIT) GOGH LOGIE 2.55 7a. 55% dee cw bas neta nwa wre me eee 10-31 PATER PRL rth LIE: we cnc einen ek een nsseed doen Desc a lta Sn 10-32 ee Pe i crue uals ena wacked ch. toda edie ee es en ee 10-32 LAL FOUTUNES seam wae, men wun oxen. caw wrEN Beg dR ANS CaN BRE ORE 10-34 GOTT Widhics ecu ses cus awe man 50s RGSS ERE ER ESN CES 85S BORK 10-34 POISON coses5: 26% ok EFS CRS NSS OES FSS SARE GS Rew cae cow ames 10-34 oI) Ct LOUIS cre erat. NW- RH des muses “acess eek wR oes tans eee 10-35
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Changing Gell Gayoutsies sas can eee een mew coon wane ecu doce cede acs 10-35 Viewing Your Worksheet ............ ee ee 10-36 Setting and Removing a Fixed Titles Area ............e eee eeee 10-36 Working With a Split WORKSHG66E «..3.5 ax cox cs eos wee es Hee wes 10-38 Splitting the Worksheet Into Two Windows .............++- 10-39 Moving the Cursor to the Other Window ........-..-+..+06- 10-40 Synchronizing the TWO WiINdOWS.......... secre ee ee eeeees 10-40 Restoring the Worksheet to One Window .............-++5- 10-41 Blanking Areas of the Worksheet. .......... cee cee cece newer wees 10-41 Deleting Rows OF CoOlUMNS ies cas ous toa bees Hele Hay Ces ews eo Hee 10-42 Inserting ROWS OF COLUMAS we ccs cece ane oslhd Uak WO" BOR URE OR UG 10-43 Moving Columns or Rows Within a Worksheet ..............+5- 10-43 COOVING INTORMATHON ee cae eis wie econ ete alan eae ne eo Rm tow Boos 10-44 What Are’ the Copy-From Cells? siccs sin cae owe sows cece wire sce 10-45 What Aré the Copy-To Cells? sas seas pas ove oe ows ewe woe oe 10-45 Copy the Contents Exactly? « ces cass ven sae cue was cms ves eve 10-49 Copy the Contents Depending on Their New Position? ..... 10-50 Signs Tor COR VIG x csce eca-noe wen reek tie ho maa eed BSE EAS BSE 10-50 SaleWiatine Neve Vales. cum ene ens coe she mee eee en nae eRe ee 10-51 Arranging Information in the Worksheet .............. ee eeeeeee 10-52 Finding a Cell or Specific Information ..........-. eee eee scenes 10-53 Changing the Name Of a Fil. : 5 ieee ced cas oe cos cee cee cee wees 10-54
Chapter 11—Reporting in the Spreadsheet
Determining What Information to Include ......... 2. cece eee eee eee 11-1 Determining the Width of Your Report ... 0.0... ccc cece ees eee eens 11-1 sing Printer QOuOns os ase con eos cee nee wee pee we ees Gs ow owe wens 11-2 Lattand RIGHT Margin Oplicniswes eco xas% us ew eee cay cen ews eos 11-3 Tep:and Botton Margin Options: ..04 ss14 ws sea ves coy oes aR Kes 11-4 Rr FT CN ces mess sesie ieee nine eae een A eA Be teed 11-6 Determining Spacing in Reports ......cceccee cen ereaneeweenne 11-7
Chapter 12—Using Cut and Paste
How Does Citand Paste WOrK? 2. ..0 n0 s00s des GA tea ew eae cos ea TEI Cut and Paste With Data Base Information .............0ecee ewes 12-3 Moving or Copying Data Base Records to Another Data Base BETTE. ierping, gnc secasech cmsan, mien aici Solin cri Saas Secataneachiea ice aaneak Roan east 12-3 Printing a Report to the Clipboard for a Word Processor DOGUITIONT 5 cca 4.045 G55 BER BSG BE Hes eee es re es ew oem 12-5 Cut and Paste With Word Processor Documents............ 5 REE Ew 12-6
Cut and Paste With Spreadsheet Information ................05. 12-7 Moving or Copying Spreadsheet Information to Another SPGROSHOe FG sccwacis cs axe nee eeommenwemena meee 12-7 Printing a Report to the Clipboard for a Word Processor DOCUITGM. scx 649 255. 5-Go% UNS 1894S CER RS err OY OT ED 12-8
Chapter 13—Printers and Printing
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Appendices
Appendix A—Using /// E-Z Pieces with SOS and a Profile.......... A-1
Appendix B—Sending /// E-Z Pieces files over Phone Lines........ B-1
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About This Manual
This manual contains reference information that describes all the features of ///E-Z Pieces™. It contains the following chapters and appendices.
— Chapter 1, Understanding ///E-Z Pieces, presents a general overview of /// E-Z Pieces and discusses ///E-Z Pieces files.
— Chapter 2, Working With / / / E-Z Pieces, tells how to interact with / // E- Z Pieces and includes instructions for using menu options.
— Chapter 3, Understanding the Data Base, discusses the // / E-Z Pieces Data Base’s main functions, activity flow, and file guidelines.
— Chapter 4, Working With Data Base Information, explains how to create Data Base files, keep information up to date, and display it in different ways.
— Chapter 5, Reporting With the Data Base, details how to create Data Base Reports.
— Chapter 6, Understanding the Word Processor, summarizes the / / / E-Z Pieces Word Processor’s main functions, activity flow, and file guidelines.
— Chapter 7, Working With Word Processor Documents, tells how to use the Word Processor to create and edit documents.
— Chapter 8, Formatting a Word Processor Document, tells how to arrange a document the way you want it.
— Chapter 9, Understanding the Spreadsheet, summarizes the /// E-Z Pieces Spreadsheet’s two main functions, illustrates its flow of activities, and lists file guidelines.
— Chapter 10, Working With Information in Worksheets, presents steps for using the Spreadsheet to create sophisticated worksheets with a minimum of effort.
— Chapter 11, Reporting With the Spreadsheet, explains how to create Spreadsheet reports.
— Chapter 12, Using Cut and Paste, tells how to use / / / E-Z Pieces’ cut and paste feature to combine information of different types.
— Chapter 13, Printers and Printing, presents how to communicate information to ///E-Z Pieces about your printer and tells how to print reports and documents.
— Appendix A tells how to use ///E-Z Pieces with a ProFile™.
— Appendix B tells how to send ///E-Z Pieces information over phone lines.
Chapter tables of contents help you find what you want. The explanation of each feature contains numbered instructions and practical tips for using that feature.
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Where To Start
Before beginning to use ///E-Z Pieces, you should first make backup copies of all the disks you received with the package.
Then begin with Chapter 1 of this manual, to learn how to get started. For those users who are experienced at using one or all of the three types of software systems contained in ///E-Z Pieces, you should read at least through Chapter 2. These first two chapters, along with the “help screens”, contain information that will allow you to begin using the sytem right away.
The remainder of the manual may then be used as a reference document to answer questions that may arise as you become more proficient at using ///E-Z Pieces.
For those less experienced users, each chapter of this manual contains useful instructional material on the use of Data Base, Word Processing, and Spreadsheet systems in general, as well as how to use each of the ///E-Z Pieces. However, as with any computer software, the best way to learn how to use it is to just dive right in, make some mistakes, and learn how not to make them again. Again, the remainder of this manual may be used as a reference document when questions or problems arise.
Most important for both types of users is to experiment as you use ///E-Z Pieces, and find out for yourself how it can increase your personal productivity, (and have fun while you're doing it!)
For More Information These sources of information will help all ///E-Z Pieces users:
— The index at the back of the manual — The glossary of terms at the back of the manual.
— The HELP information available whenever “OA—? for Help“ appears in the bottom-right corner of a/ / / E-Z Pieces display.
Keytop Notation: “OA—” stands for “OPEN-APPLE’—‘*?”. In this manual two keycaps separated by a hyphen means to press one of the keys while you hold down the other key; then release both. If there isn’t a hyphen between the keys, press first one, release it, and then press the other.
Be sure to read the sections of your Apple / / / Owner's manual that explain how to set up your computer and how to use the system utilities to make backup copies of your disks before you begin with ///E-Z Pieces.
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How This Manual Is Designed Look for these visual aids throughout the manual: ///E-Z Pieces Tips
Information labeled with /// E-Z Pieces Tips presents different ways of using a particular feature.
Warning boxes like this alert you to potential problems.
WARNING
“Notes:” point to useful information contained elsewhere in this or other manuals.
Your Ideals Are Welcome!
A reader response card appears at the back of this / / / E-Z Pieces Manual. Please fill it out and return it after you’ve had some experience using / / /E-Z Pieces.
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Chapter 1
Understanding /// E-Z Pieces
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This chapter presents a general overview of ///E-Z Pieces. It also tells about ///E-Z Pieces files.
What Is / / / E-Z Pieces?
///€-Z Pieces is a computer applications program that allows you to do data base management, word processing, and spreadsheet analysis. / / / E-Z Pieces’ three functions are performed by three software tools that create and work with a specific kind of information:
— The///E-Z Pieces Data Base allows you to work with information you normally keep in lists: names and addresses, schedules, inventories.
— The///E-Z Pieces Word Processor is for writing reports, memos, letters.
— The ///E-Z Pieces Spreadsheet lets you create information you nor- mally put on a worksheet and manipulate with a calculator: budgets, financial forecasts, income and expense statements.
Because / //E-Z Pieces is an integrated program, you can move back and forth at will among these three software tools and the files they create. And you can combine these three kinds of information, cutting and pasting one kind of information into another. ///E-Z Pieces’ integration greatly in- creases your ability to work with information in the easiest and most effi- cient way.
Equipment You Need To use ///E-Z Pieces, you'll need this equipment:
— AnApple /// computer. — Avideo monitor capable of displaying 80 columns of text. — The///E€E-Z Pieces disks named Boot, Program, and Sample Files.
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To make maximum use of ///E-Z Pieces, you also need either a serial or parallel printer with the proper interface.
Here’s some other nice-to-have equipment:
— A ProFile, with the interface card in slot 4.
A clock chip installed in your Apple / / /. One or more external floppy disk drives
How Does ///E-Z Pieces Work?
There are two levels of activity within ///E-Z Pieces, as Figure 1-1 illustrates. The bottom level of activity is performed by the Data base, the Word Processor, and the Spreadsheet. At this level, you do the actual work on information, creating and reviewing it, changing it, and printing it.
At the top level, ///E-Z Pieces contains information about where you store you files and about your printer. It controls information by moving files into the “Desktop”, which is the area of the Apple computer's Random-Access Memory (RAM) that you use to work with your files, and by saving the files for you after you've worked with them.
As ///E-Z Pieces administers the space on the Desktop, it warns you when you are running out of Desktop space, and it lets you move back and forth from one / / / E-Z Pieces file to another.
TOP LEVEL ///E-Z Pieces’ Desktop
WORD PROCESSOR
Bottom Level
Figure 1-1.
///E-Z Pieces’s Two Levels of Activities
///€E-Z Pieces also lets you transfer information from one file into another, an activity called “cut and paste.” You can cut and paste infor- mation into another file of the same type; for example, you can cut and paste Data base information into another Data Base file. You can also create Data Base and Spreadsheet reports and paste them into Word Processor documents.
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When you cut and paste, you transfer information through the “clip- board.” The clipboard is a/// E-Z Pieces term that refers to area of the computer's RAM that is reserved for cut and paste.
DATA BASE
WORD PROCESSOR
Figure 1-2. ///E-Z Pieces Flow Chart
WARNING
Because the Desktop and the clipboard are actually a part of the memory of the computer, information in each place disappears when you turn off the power to the computer or when you
leave ///E-Z Pieces by rebooting another pro- gram. You should makesure you save new and changed files permanently before you leave / / / E-Z Pieces.
NOTES:
1. See “Quitting ///E-Z Pieces” in Chapter 2 for how to leave ///E-Z Pieces safely.
2. See Chapter 13 for complete cut and paste instructions.
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Figure 1-3 is a flowchart of ///E-Z Pieces activities. It shows the options available from the Main Menu and from the Other Activities menu. Flow- charts specific to the Data Base, the Word Processor, and the Spreadsheet are in Chapters 3, 6, and 9, respectively.
MAIN MENU
SPREADSHEET
1. From Scratch
WORD PROCESSOR
1, From Scratch
DATA BASE
2. ASCII File : ear 4. “DIF” File 3, “Quick File” file 5. “VisiCalc” File
1 4. “DIF” File " | PIQUIG It Sources of ///E-Z Pieces Files 7 ERE GOAT EUER EGG CSTR ISSTOEA TRUDE THR
~ 2. Text (ASCII) files are sources for Data Base and
u Word Processor files. Text files are files created
by Apple Writer and some data base manage-
ment systems.
. 3. Quick File files are sources for Data Base files.
4. DIF, or Data Interchange Format, files are sources for Spreadsheet and Data Base files. DIF files are created by VisiCalc and many other programs; they allow for easy data interchange between programs.
5. VisiCalc files are sources for Spreadsheet files.
7, SPECIFY INFORMATION ABOUT PRINTERS
Figure 1-3. ///E-Z Pieces Flow Chart
About / //E-Z Pieces Files
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///E-Z Pieces provides an enormous amount of flexibility both in the sources you can use for files and in the lack of strict guidelines for files. In addition, it keeps information on the storage location of your files so you don't have to always tell / // E-Z Pieces where to look when you want to use a file. This section tells all about file sources, guidelines, and storage locations.
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NOTE:
Specific requirements for each type of file are listed in Chapters 4, 7, and 10.
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File Sources
///E-Z Pieces allows you to create files from scratch using the Data Base, the Word Processor, and the Spreadsheet. In addition, / / / E-Z Pieces adds to your data management capability by letting you use files created by other programs as sources for ///E-Z Pieces files. Then you can use ///E-Z Pieces’ tools to work with these files. Figure 1-4 provides an overview of sources for ///E-Z Pieces files. The numbers to the explanations that follow.
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General Guidelines for / / / E-Z Pieces Files 4 File Location
Table 1-1 contains general guidelines for / / / E-Z Pieces files.
File Feature
Maximum number of ///€-Z Pieces files per flexible disk
Maximum number of ///€-Z Pieces files per SOS subdirectory
Maximum number of ///€-Z Pieces files allowed
Guideline
Depends on size of files; up to 140K total characters
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The ///E-Z Pieces program contains information about where it should
look for you files. This storage location information is a combination of two
different aspects.
— Whether the storage location is the standard location or the current location
— Whether you keep files by filename only, or whether you use a ProFile and/or group them logically by subdirectories.
This section explains both aspects. Standard and Current Locations
///€-Z Pieces stores information on disk that tells where it should always
on ///E-Z Pieces’ Desktop ra a look for files at startup. This is the “standard location” of your files. You can Guidelines for filenames 15 characters maximum. override this standard location if you want by providing another, temporary, The name must start with a : place where ///E-Z Pieces should look. This is the “current location” of letter, and it can contain x ' files. // / E-Z Pieces saves on disk the standard location from one session to Only uppercase and lower- the next, but it doesn’t save the current location. case letters, numbers, ‘i spaces, an riods. , p d periods E 1 ee - See “Selecting the Standard Location of the Table 1-1. i i Data Disk” and “Changing the Current Data Disk General ///E-Z Pieces File Guidlines or SOS Prefix’ in Chapter 2 for information on Me changing file locations. NOTE: f y eee iets Files by Flename or Grouped by Pathnam you see in the lower-right corner of the display t ; If you store files by filename, you ordinarily keep them on a flexible disk in may be larger or smaller than that in the manual’s Drive 1 or Drive 2. So your standard or current location is Drive 1 or Drive 2. illustration. _ You can easily, efficiently, and happily operate / / / E-Z Pieces and store files a ; without giving another thought to things like SOS prefixes. Just store files By the Way: It’s always best to give a unique by filename on a disk in a drive. No problem! name to each file, one that tells you as closely as 5 4 lf you have a large number of files and/or you're using a ProFile to store files, possible what's in the file. Because of the free- ; you may want to group them by subdirectories. For example you may want dom ///E-Z Pieces gives you in naming files, it’s to keep personal letters and lists of names and addresses in separate easy to describe the contents of a file in the a directories. Using subdirectories may make it easier for you to organize filename. e files. _ “ —
1-7
If you group files by subdirectories and/or use a ProFile, you should set up a standard and/or current location using the SOS prefix for the files. The SOS prefix consists of all the identifying information for the file except the filename, including the volume name and the subdirectory names. Exam- ples of pathnames are
/VOLUMES3 /PROFILE/FINANCE /LISTS
NOTE:
Complete information about using SOS prefixes to identify files and about pathnames is in the Apple /// Owner's Manual.
Backing Up Files
It's important to “back up” files, or make duplicate copies of them, fre- quently. You should always have a recent copy of / / / E-Z Pieces data disks, stored in a safe place away from dust, magnetic fields, and temperature extremes. The easiest way to back up your ///E-Z Pieces data disks is to make duplicate copies of them using the Volume Copy commands on the SOS System Utilities disk. The user’s manual for your system tells you how.
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Chapter 2 Working With /// E-Z Pieces staring to: Uses // E-Z PICGS 5 x van 155 Kee ben 00% BHR BRR Kos Gm BH 2-2 Communicating With /°/ E-Z PiO66S.es os x cas eee cag Bed Gee KAS ea we 2-2 LISING CBEN-ABAIE COMMAS ics sce cnsd oxen Red aod noe wah Ge be 2-3 FGSOONEING CO FICO cas ck 8445-05 e eK ee ORE OER HOR EOS bee HE OO 2-3 SSC GC MENU QDUGY sas anmatewias areca nes sath Sen ETO 2-3 Selecting an Answer to a QUESTION «ccc cis ester ee ees eves. 2-4 Cnoosing Files From Lists cess s ces seevs ecieseay evecmewes ene 2-5 Answering Questions by Typing Information................5. 2-6 Typing and Editing Information: General Guidelines............. 2-6 Using / / 7 E-2. Pieces” WO CuUISOIS «20:5 cos. c0n xa Hee re eden’ 2-6 LS PTE) ers ncaa ch? Eee Gia Boe Ren mee eeneee Kan ieee 2-7 LISI ES toe ics ge eae awe oe Oe eae kee ie Go ORS eae Ce 2-7 Using {7 Ext Pieces’ FIO? « ces cos cag see tebe dee cay ew Kem Kw 65 2-7 Wisingd Malin Menu COpUOns as as tou can Res wes 1 ewe BOS ae ORE BER HOw WEN 2-8 AGGNG Fils tO ING DGEKIOD < ccc cee key 00Ss cas oS Hes Bes Ree KS Ha 2-8 Working With One of the Files on the Desktop ................ 2-10 mevind DESKIOD PIGS IO DISK. co6 é den cin cde ocd eee Gen we Ooo > 2-10 Removing Files:From ie DESkKtOD aii.<.6.csa vices cos auveaea ean 2-12 OuUing 7? ft EE PleCeS ne cenenssectue dite mes yecewne caw HUE 2-13 ising Other Activities Menu Opulonis v.<s-<xsse eve wer emennaues ax 2-14 Changing the Current Disk Drive or SOS Prefix ............... 2-14 Listing Flues Of The Gurren DISK os650 scares. cae cis cen weeeescws 2-15 Creating & NEW SUDCIFACIONY «.v.c54-ca5 one sch 60 ded dws deeweaess 2-16 Sree Fuge: FIOM Te LIBN. cy. i cod Bud doe ces aen cee a gee een 2-16 POCneine & Blatt (IS ccc-wawx gos Ges wae RAW See eae Cee Loe ears GS 2-16 Selecting the Standard Location of the Data Disk ............. BAT USING SPeCIAl FEBTIIOS ces « cnc cow cae Hon Hes 0404 GN Bon BER Gas Goa Ws 2-18 ASKING FO? FGID + ccaw cae ug Gas RET WEA AURA SRE OOS 168 BRS FRE 2-18 Moving Back and Forth Between Files ..............00ceeeeees 2-18 Saving the File You're Working O19. « oie oak con cee cot bee cee caw es 2-18 Prine @ COoov Oring DISGOY o.4.d0c 140 es eed encsunan eee wews 2-19 Keeping Track of Available Desktop Space................005. 2-19
This chapter presents general information about working with ///E-Z Pieces. It tells how to start up ///E-Z Pieces and how to interact with /// E-Z Pieces. Italso includes instructions for using Main Menu and Other Activity Menu menu options.
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Starting to Use ///E-Z Pieces
Before you start using ///E-Z Pieces, make a copy of the ///E-Z Pieces boot disk. Use the SOS System Utilities to do this. Use the copies and put the originals in a safe place.
To start up ///E-Z Pieces, follow these instructions:
1. Put the ///E-Z Pieces Boot disk into Drive 1.
2. |f the monitor is off, turn it on.
3. If the computer is off, turn it on. Press “CONTROL-RESET” if it is already on. It takes several seconds for the computer to read the instructions on the Boot disk. Then ///E-Z Pieces asks for the Program disk.
4. Remove the Boot disk, insert the Program disk, and press “RETURN”. Then ///E-Z Pieces asks for the date, which it uses when you save files during this session.
5. Type today’s date using the form shown on the screen, then press return. (If you have aclock chip with a battery, press “RETURN” to accept the date.) ///E-Z Pieces displays the Main Menu.
NOTE:
If you want to start up ///E-Z Pieces from a ProFile, see Appendix A
WARNING
If you are using one disk drive, ///E-Z Pieces asks you to switch the Program disk and the data disks occasionally, whenever it needs more
instructions or more data. Switch the disks then, but don’t switch the disks unless / / / E-Z Pieces asks you to.
lf you are using a second disk drive or ProFile for your data disks, follow directions in “Selecting the Standard Location of the Data Disk” in this chapter to let ///E-Z Pieces know where to look for your data.
Communicating With / //E-Z Pieces
This section provides general information on communicating with ///E-Z Pieces, information relating to your activities with ///E-Z Pieces whether
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you are using the Desktop Manager, the Data Base, the Word Processor, or the Spreadsheet. It tells how to:
— use Open-Apple commands — respond to prompts
— type and edit information
— use “ESC”
— use///E-Z Pieces’ Ruler.
Using Open-Apple Commands
Open-Apple commands are instructions to /// E-Z Pieces to use a special feature. They are always a combination of “OPEN-APPLE” and another key that reminds you of what you want to do. For example, the Help command is a combination of “OPEN-APPLE” and “?”, which is written in this manual as “OPEN-APPLE”-“?”. The Save command is a combination of “OPEN- APPLE” and “S”, which is written in this manual as “OPEN-APPLE”-"S”.
You should hold down “OPEN-APPLE” and press the other key lightly to give the command. Open-Apple commands usually mean the same thing whether you are using ///E-Z Pieces’ Data Base, Word Processor, or Spreadsheet. This means you don't have to learn a lot of new keystrokes when you change tools, The keys that go with “OPEN-APPLE” remind you of what you want to do, so they're easy to remember.
Responding to Prompts
There are four typs of ///E-Z Pieces prompts; prompts that: — ask you to select an option from a menu
— ask you to select an answer to a question
— let you select files from lists
— ask you to type information.
Selecting a Menu Option
A menu is alist of numbered options from which you select one, such as the Main Menu, illustrated in Figure 2-1. You select an option in either of these two ways: — Press “UP-ARROW” and “DOWN-ARROW’” until the option you want is highlighted. Press “RETURN” to confirm your selection. or — Type the number of the option you want and press “RETURN”.
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// / E-Z Pieces’ default option is the option it thinks you'll choose. It’s always highlighted, which makes it easy to select that option first.
Figure 2-1. Main Menu
Selecting an Answer to a Question
Sometimes ///E-Z Pieces provides several answers to questions and expects you to select one. For example, the following question asks whether you want to print from the beginning of the document, from the beginning of the current page, or from the cursor position:
“Print from? Beginning This page Cursor position” Your three possible responses are “Beginning“, “Thi i" é‘ = ae g’, “This page”, or “Curs position”. To select a response: mai .
— Choose the highlighted answer by pressing “RETURN”.
— Choose one of the other answers by using “RIGHT-ARROW to highlight the answer then pressing “RETURN”.
— Type the first letter of any response, such as “b”, “t”, or “c”.
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Choosing Files From Lists ///€-Z Pieces presents lists of files from which you choose one or more:
— When you ask for files for the Desktop, you get the List of /// E-Z Pieces Files on the current disk. Figure 2-2 illustrates such a list.
— When youask to save files or remove files from the Desktop, you get a list of files on the Desktop.
— When youask to delete files from the current disk, you geta list of all the files on your disk, not just /// E-Z Pieces files.
Here’s how to choose files from lists:
— To choose one file from a list, use “DOWN-ARROW?” and “UP- ARROW?” to highlight the file’s name. Then press “RETURN”.
— To choose more than one file from a list:
1. Use “DOWN-ARROW’” to move the highlight to a file you want. Then use “RIGHT-ARROW’” to mark the name of the first file.
2 Use “DOWN-ARROW’ to highlight the next file you want and putan arrow by it with “RIGHT-ARROW".
3. Continue to use “DOWN-ARROW” and “RIGHT-ARROW” to mark files.
4. Use “UP-ARROW’”, or “DOWN-ARROW", and “| EFT-ARROW” to remove arrows if you choose a file by mistake.
5. Press “RETURN” after you mark all the files that you want.
lf you are choosing files by marking their names with arrows, the highligh- ted file isn’t chosen unless it has an arrow.
Figure 2-2. List of ///E-Z Pieces Files
Answering Questions by Typing Information
Certain ///E-Z Pieces questions ask you to type information in response. For example, when you are creating a new file, // / E-Z Pieces asks you to type the name of the new file:
“Type a name for this new file:”
The guidelines that apply when you’re answering questions like this are in the next section.
Typing and Editing Information: General Guidelines
This section contains general guidelines for typing and editing ///E-Z Pieces information. It describes how to use /// E-Z Pieces’ two cursors and how to delete information. Specific instructions for typing and editing in the Data Base, the Word Processor, and the Spreadsheet are in Chapters 4, 7 and 10, respectively. =
Using ///E-Z Pieces’ Two Cursors—— ///€E-Z Pieces has two cursors:
— The blinking bar is the insert cursor. When you see this cursor, whatever you type is inserted at the cursor position. The characters to the right of the cursor are moved farther to the right.
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— The blinking square is the overstrike cursor. When you see this Cursor, whatever you type replaces the character under the cursor. However, existing carriage returns move to the right.
After you type the date when you first start up /// E-Z Pieces, you see the insert cursor. Change between the two cursors any time with “OPEN-
APPLE”-“E” (for edit).
///E-Z Pieces Tips
Some ///E-Z Pieces users find it easier to use the overstrike cursor to type new information, as
well as to replace existing information. a
Deleting Information
There are two ways to delete information.
— To delete a few letters or numbers, one at a time, use “DELETE”. (For users of earlier Apple /// Computers without an enhanced keyboard, the “Backslash Key“ (\) functions as the “DELETE” key.) Each time you press “DELETE”, one character to the left of the cursor is deleted.
— To delete from the cursor position to the end of an entry or line press “CONTROL’-“Y".
Using “ESC”
“ESC” is ///E-Z Pieces’ bailout key. When you press “ESC”, you return to the previous display or erase your response to a prompt.
When you have the Main Menu displayed and you press “ESC”, you return to the last file you were using unless you saved files or used one of the Other Activity Menu menu options in the meantime. Then /// E-Z Pieces does not save the name of the file you were last using.
Whenever you get to a place you don’t want to be, just press “ESC” and you return to the previous display. Using / //E-Z Pieces’ Ruler
///€-Z Pieces’ Ruler divides a file into eight approximate parts and then lets you move through the file by parts. If you add information to the file or delete information, the parts change.
The Ruler is acombination of “OPEN-APPLE” and “1” through “9”. It works whether you are using a Data Base, aWord Processor, ora Spreadsheet file.
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Using Main Menu Options
This section tells how to use ///E-Z Pieces’ Main Menu options, including — Adding files to the Desktop
— Working with one of the files on the Desktop
— Saving Desktop files to disk
— Removing files from the Desktop
— Quitting
Adding Files to the Desktop
To add files to the Desktop:
1. Make sure you have the Main Menu displayed. If you don’t, you can get it by pressing “ESC” one or more times.
2. Choose “Add files to the Desktop”. ///E-Z Pieces displays the Add Files menu, which is illustrated in Figure 2-3.
Figure 2-3. Add Files Menu
3. Choose an option from the Add Files menu.
lf you choose “Get files from the current disk”, / / / E-Z Pieces presents alist of ///E-Z Pieces files on the disk. The names of the files are listed alphabet- ically by type. Besides the filename, you see the size of the file in thousands of characters, and the date (and time, if your Apple computer has a clock) the file was last saved. The list can contain up to 150 filenames. If there are
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more than ten files in the list, you see “more” at the bottom of the screen. Press “DOWN-ARROW’ to see the rest of the list.
If you choose “Get files from a different disk”, /// E-Z Pieces asks you to choose the location of the files. After you do, you get the list of ///E-Z Pieces files for that disk.
If you choose any of the “Make a new file” options, / / / E-Z Pieces asks if you want to make a file from scratch or from an existing file.
NOTE:
Specific directions for making new files are in “Creating a Data Base File” in Chapter 4, “Creat- ing a Document” in Chapter 7, and “Creating a Worksheet” in Chapter 10.
ES ///E-Z Pieces Tips
Sometimes ///E-Z Pieces can’t find a disk in a drive. Perhaps you haven't closed the door of the disk drive, you inserted a disk that doesn’t have ///E-Z Pieces files on it, or the disk is in a location other than the one displayed in the top- left corner of the screen. When ///E-Z Pieces cant find // / E-Z Pieces files in the disk drive, it tells you so. You can check for the reason and then ask / / / E-Z Pieces to look for the files again in the same location or in a different location.
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4. To choose one file from the list, use “DOWN-ARROW"” and “UP- ARROW" to highlight the file you want. Then press “RETURN”.
5. Toselect several files, use “DOWN-ARROW’” and “RIGHT-ARROW” to mark the files you want. Then press “RETURN”.
If you try to add a file that is already on the Desktop, // / E-Z Pieces asks if you really want to do that. If you answer yes, / / / E-Z Pieces adds the second copy of the file to the Desktop. (You may want to rename one of the two copies.)
After ///E-Z Pieces adds two or more files at once to the Desktop, it displays a message telling you how many files have been added. Now either press “OPEN-APPLE”-Q” to get the Desktop Index or press the “SPACE” bar to return to the “ADD FILES” menu.
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By the Way: ///E-Z Pieces won't let you add files so that the number on the Desktop exceeds 12. Neither will it let you add files that take up more than the available Desktop space. ///E-Z Pieces displays a message if you try to do either one.
The status of the file: whether it's new, changed, unchanged, or saved.
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The type of file: whether it was created by the Word Processor, the Data Base, or the Spreadsheet.
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Working With One of the Files on the Deskto q p The size of the file, in thousands of characters.
To select one of the files on the Desktop to work with:
1. Make sure you have the Main Menu displayed. If you don't, you can get it by pressing “ESC” one or more times.
2. Choose “Work with one of the files on the Desktop”. ///E-Z Pieces displays the Desktop Index.
3. Choose the file you want to work with. ///E-Z Pieces dis- plays that file with the cursor in the same place it was when you last worked with the file, so you don't lose your place when you leave a file.
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lf there is only one file on the Desktop, /// E-Z Pieces displays that file immediately, skipping the Desktop Index.
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///E-Z Pieces Tips
“OPEN-APPLE”-"“Q” gets you in the Desktop Index from anywhere in /// E-Z Pieces.
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Figure 2-4. Save Files Menu
Saving Desktop Files to Disk
3. Use “DOWN-ARROW’” to choose the file you want to save. Then press “return”. Or use “DOWN-ARROW’” and “RIGHT-ARROW?” to highlight more than one filename. Then press “RETURN”.
4. What you do now depends on whether a file is new, changed, unchanged, or saved:
— Ifthe file you designated is unchanged or saved, / / / E-Z Pieces asks you if you want to put it on the current disk or on a different disk or directory.
If you choose the current disk, you specify whether you want to replace the old file with the new, unchanged file or save the file with a different name. Then you type the new name of the file and press “RETURN”.
— Ifthe file you designated is new or changed, / / / E-Z Pieces asks you how to save the file. You can choose to save the file onto the current disk or save the file onto a different disk or directory. Then you have to specify the other disk or directory.
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Sometimes you want to save one or more files to disk but keep them on the Desktop so you can continue to work with them. When you save a changed file, / / / E-Z Pieces saves it to disk before it deletes the original file. That is, it doesn’t just replace the old file with the changed file until it is successfully saved. This is asafety measure to make sure you don't lose your original file before the new one is saved. There must be enough room on the disk for ///€-Z Pieces to save the changed file.
Here’s how to save a file:
1. Make sure you have the Main Menu displayed. If you don't, you can get it by pressing “ESC” one or more times.
2. Choose “Save Desktop files to disk”. ///E-Z Pieces displays the “SAVE FILES” menu, illustrated m Figure 2-4.
The last file you used is highlighted.
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Removing Files From the Desktop
When the Desktop is too full, you can remove files form the Desktop. When you remove an unchanged file, you won't be asked first if you want to save it. It is immediately removed.
NOTE:
See “Saving Desktop Files to Disk” to find out how ///E-Z Pieces saves files.
To remove files from the Desktop: 1. Make sure you have the Main Menu displayed. If you don't, you can get it by pressing “ESC” one or more times. 2. Choose “Remove files from Desktop”. /// E-Z Pieces displays the Remove Files menu, which is illustrated in Figure 2-5.
The status of the file: whether it’s new, changed, unchanged, or saved.
The type of file: whether it was created by the Word Processor, the Data Base, or the Spreadsheet.
The size of the file, in thousands of characters.
REMOVE FILES
Figure 2-5. Remove Files Menu
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3. Use “DOWN-ARROW’ to highlight the file you want to remove. Then press “RETURN”. Or use “DOWN-ARROW” and “RIGHT-ARROW" to highlight more than one filename. Then press “RETURN”.
4. What you do now depends on whether a file is new, changed, unchanged, or saved:
— Ifthe file you designated is unchanged or saved, /// E-Z Pieces immediately removes it and displays the Remove Files menu again.
— Ifthe file you designated is new or changed, you can choose from these options:
— Remove the file and save it on the current disk;
— Change to another disk or directory, then save the file there;
— Throw out the file with its changes. Then///E-Z Pieces asks you if you really want to permanently erase from the Desktop the file you designated. This is a precautionary measure to make sure you don’t erase a file by mistake. If you change your mind and decide you don’t want to per- manently erase the file, choose “No”. If you want to perman- ently erase the file, choose “Yes”. ///E-Z Pieces takes you back to the Main Menu.
Quitting / //E-Z Pieces
There are two ways to leave / / / E-Z Pieces. One is safer than the other! The unsafe way is to just turn off your Apple computer. Or start up another program. If you choose this method, you may lose information you should have saved.
NOTE:
See “Saving Desktop Files to Disk” to find out how ///E-Z Pieces saves files.
Here's the safe way to leave ///E-Z Pieces Pieces:
1. Make sure you have the Main Menu displayed. If you don't you can get it by pressing “ESC” one or more times.
2. Choose “Quit”. . Choose “Yes”. (“No” gives you a chance to change your mind.)
4. ///E-Z Pieces then asks you how to take care of all the new and changed files on the Desktop, one by one. You can choose to
— Save files on the current disk
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— Change to a different disk or directory. Then you designate the other disk or directory.
— Throw out the file. Then ///E-Z Pieces asks you if you really want to throw out the file you designated. This is a precautionary measure to make sure you don't erase a file by mistake.
If you have made a mistake and don’t want to throw out the file, choose “No”. ///E-Z Pieces presents the three options again. If you want to throw out the file, choose “Yes”. ///E-Z Pieces asks you then how to take care of th next new or changed file on the Desktop. 5. If a file is changed, ///E-Z Pieces asks you if you want to
replace the old file with the changed one or save It with a new
name. If you choose the second option, type the new name
and press “RETURN”.
WARNING
Using the Quit option to leave / / / E-Z Pieces ensures that you will always at least think about saving new or changed files
before you quit using ///E-Z Pieces.
Using Other Activity Menu Options
This section tells how to use the options available from ///E-Z Pieces’ Other Activity Menu, including
— Changing the current disk drive or SOS prefix — Lising all files on the current disk
— Creating a subdirectory
— Deleting files from disk
— Formatting a blank disk
— Selecting the standard location of the data disk
The last Other Activity Menu option, “Specify information about your prin- ter(s)" is described in Chapter 13.
Changing the Current Disk Drive or SOS Prefix
When you want to make a temporary change to the location where /// E-Z Pieces automatically looks for files, you can change to a different disk drive. Or you can use a SOS prefix so ///E-Z Pieces looks in another location, perhaps to a subdirectory on ProFile, for files. This change lasts until you quit ///E-Z Pieces or until you change it again, whichever comes sooner.
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Anytime you change the standard location by using Other Activity Menu option 6, the current location changes automatically to that value.
Here’s how to make the change:
1. Make sure you have the Main Menu displayed. If you don't, you can get it by pressing “ESC” one or more times.
2. Choose “Other Activity Menu”.
3. Choose “Change current disk drive or SOS prefix”. ///E-Z Pieces displays the “CHANGE CURRENT DISK” menu.
4. Choose the device you want.
5. Type the SOS prefix if you chose “ProFile or other SOS directory”.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
///E-Z Pieces does not check the validity of SOS prefixes when you change the current loca- tion. If / / / E-Z Pieces can't find the location when you ask for files or try to save files, it asks you whether to try again or to try in a different
location. i eee
NOTE: See “File Locations” in Chapter 1 for a discus- sion of current locations.
Listing Files on the Current Disk
‘It’s handy to be able to get a list of all files (up to 150) on the current disk, not just ///E-Z Pieces files. Here's how:
1. Make sure you have the Main Menu displayed. If you don't, you can get it by pressing “ESC” one or more times.
2. Choose “Other Activity Menu”.
3. Choose “List all files on the current disk drive”. ///E-Z Pieces displays the list, with // / E-Z Pieces files first and other files listed alphabetically at the bottom designated as “Other” or “Subdirec- tory”. If the list contains more than ten files, you see “more” atthe bottom of the display. Use “‘DOWN-ARROW’” to see the rest of the list. To see the list of files in a subdirectory, change the current SOS prefix to include the subdirectory name.
4. Press “ESC” to return to the Other Activity Menu menu.
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Creating a New Subdirectory
You can create a new subdirectory on the current disk or on ProFile. Here’s
how:
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Make sure you have the Main menu displayed. If you don’t, you can get it by press “ESC” one or more times.
. Choose “Other Activity Menu”. . Choose “Create a subdirectory”. . Type the complete pathname of the subdirectory. Then press
“RETURN”. After // / E-Z Pieces creates the subdirectory, it reports “Success”!
Deleting Files From the Disk
Here’s how to get rid of old files from your data disks or ProFile by deleting
files:
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Make sure you have the Main Menu displayed. if you don’t, you can get it by pressing “ESC” one or more times.
Choose “Other Activity Menu”.
Choose “Delete files from disk”. / / / E-Z Pieces shows the “DELETE FILES” display, which lists all files on the current disk.
Use “DOWN-ARROW"” to highlight the file you want to get rid of. Then press “RETURN”. Or use “DOWN-ARROW” and “RIGHT- ARROW” to mark more than one filename. Then press “RETURN”. (Remember, you can unmark files with “LEFT-ARROW”.)
Then ///E-Z Pieces asks if you really want to erase the file you designated. This is a precautionary measure to make sure you don’t erase a file by mistake.
If you don't want to permanently erase the file, choose “No”. /// E-Z Pieces takes you back to the Other Activity Menu menu or to the next file you chose.
If you want to permanently erase the file, choose “Yes”. ///E-Z Pieces takes you back to the “DELETE FILES” menu.
NOTE: This activity also lets you delete a subdirectory if it contains no files.
Formatting a Blank Disk
To format a blank disk for use as a/// E-Z Pieces data disk or for use with other SOS systems:
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1. Make sure you have the Main Menu displayed. If you don’t, you can get it by pressing “ESC” one or more times.
2. Choose “Other Activity Menu”.
3. Choose “Format a blank disk”. ///E-Z Pieces asks you to type the volume name for the disk. The volume name can contain up to 15 letters, numbers, and periods, with no spaces. It must begin with a letter. Press “RETURN” after you have typed the name.
4. Make sure the disk is in the current drive. Press the “SPACE” bar when you are ready to format.
After ///E-Z Pieces formats the disk it reports “Success!”
///E-Z Pieces Tips Formatting a disk is a quick way of erasing all the files on the disk.
Selecting the Standard Location of the Data Disk
The standard location of the data disk is where / / / E-Z Pieces looks for files when you first start up and until you specify a current, different location. This information is saved from one session to the next.
Here’s how to select the standard location:
1. Make sure you have the Main Menu displayed. If you don’t, you can get it by pressing “ESC” one or more times.
2. Choose “Other Activity Menu”.
3. Choose “Change standard location of data disk”. ///E-Z Pieces presents the Standard Data Disk display, which allows you to name a disk drive or ProFile or other SOS directory as the standard location.
4. If you choose ProFile or other SOS directory, ///E-Z Pieces asks you to type the SOS prefix. After you press “RETURN”, ///E-Z Pieces displays the Other Activity Menu again.
When you change the standard location, the current location changes automatically to the new standard location.
NOTE: See “File Locations” in Chapter 1 for a discus- sion of standard locations.
2-17
///E-Z Pieces Tips
Initially, the standard location for disks is Drive 1. If you are using any other location for ///E-Z Pieces data, select a new standard location. Selecting the standard location is probably a one-time only task.
Using Special Features This section tells how to use ///E-Z Pieces’ special features including
— Asking for help
— Moving back and forth between files
— Saving the file you’re using
— Printing a copy of the screen display
— Keeping track of available Desktop space.
Asking for Help
Whenever “OA-? for Help” appears in the bottom right corner of the display, you can get help information. To display help information:
1. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“?”". ///E-Z Pieces displays the help in- formation.
2. Use “DOWN-ARROW” and “UP-ARROW” to move the information displayed so you can see all of it.
3. Press “ESC” to leave the help information and return to where you were.
Moving Back and Forth Between Files
When you want to change to another file on the Desktop, press “OPEN- APPLE’”-"Q” (for quick change). /// E-Z Pieces presents the Desktop Index, from which you can choose the file you want. The Desktop Index is available from anywhere in ///E-Z Pieces, so use it anytime to get to the file you want. The file type is shown in abbreviated form after the filename.
Saving the File You’re Working On
Any time you want, you can save the file you’re working on at the moment. To do so, press “OPEN-APPLE”-"S". ///E-Z Pieces saves the file imme- diately on the current disk, replacing the original file by that name, if there is
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one. As it saves the file, it displays the index cards that show the save procedure. Then it returns you to the Review/Add/Change display of the file. If you decide to stop this operation while it is still in progress, press “ESC”. Your original file is still on the disk. This is probably the easiest and fastest way to make sure you don’t lose information as you work with ///€E-Z Pieces.
Printing a Copy of the Display
To print a copy of what's displayed on the screen, press “OPEN-APPLE’-"H" (for hard copy). Before you do, however, you should make sure the printer designated for hard copies is the correct one.
NOTE:
See Chapter 13, “Printers and Printing,” for directions on how to specify a printer to print a copy of the display.
You can print a copy of the display any time you are using ///E-Z Pieces. This feature can help you keep a written record of what Data Base report formats and customized record layouts look like, and what printer options are in effect.
Keeping Track of Available Desktop Space
Whenever you want, you can find out how much Desktop space is available for files. To do so, you get the “Available Space” sign at the bottom-right corner of the screen by pressing “OPEN-APPLE”-“?” whenever “OA-? for Help” appears at the bottom right corner of the screen. The “Available Space” sign tells how much space is available in thousands of characters, or kilobytes (K).
The “Available Space” sign usually appears in the bottom-right corner of the screen whenever “OA-? for Help” does not.
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Chapter 3
Understanding the Data Base
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///€-Z Pieces’ Data Base allows you to work with information you normally keep in lists: names and addresses, schedules, inventories. The Data Base makes it easy to organize the information, keep it current, and get copies of it whenever you want.
This chapter discusses the Data Base’s two main functions, illustrates its flow of activities, and lists its file guidelines.
The Data Base’s Two Main Functions
///€-Z Pieces’ Data Base performs two main functions, as Figure 3-1 illustrates. These two main functions are Review/Add/Change and Report.
DATA BASE
REVIEW/ADD/CHANGE REPORT
Figure 3-1. Data Base’s Two Main Functions
When you use Review/Add/Change, you work with information in a file to add new information, change incorrect information, and delete out-of-date or unnecessary information. You also use features that allow you to display only certain information, arrange records in the order you want them, and change the way information is displayed on the screen.
When you work in Report, you create and print reports. To create reports, you make a set of specifications that tell exactly what information you want to print and the way you want the information placed. You also specify
calculations, subtotals, and grand totals.
The report specifications you make become part of the Data Base file but they do not change the data in the file. You save the specifications so you can print the report any time you want with current data.
As well as printing a report ona printer, you can “print” it to the clipboard for
inclusion in a Word Processor document or to the screen.
Activity Flow
Figure 3-2 shows your activities when you are using Data Base files.
Note:
The activities that lead to Review/Add/Change and those included in Review/Add/Change are described in Chapter 4. Those that have to do
with Report are described in Chapter 5.
DATA BASE
REPORT REVIEW/ADD/CHANGE
SELECT INFORMATION ADD NEW SEARCH FOR REPLACE INFORMATION INFORMATION INFORMATION
DEFINE FORMATS
OUTPUT INFORMATION NEW NEW USE IT CATEGORIES] | RECORDS
Figure 3-2. Flowchart of Data Base Activities.
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File Guidelines
Review your understanding of Data Base terminology before studying the Data Base file guidelines. Figure 3-3 illustrates asample Data Base file. The numbers refer to the explanations of terminology that follow.
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Figure 3-3. Data Base Terminology
1. “Characters” are letter or numbers. “C” and “1” are characters.
2. “Entries” are individual pieces of information with?:1 a Data Base file. “Courier 10 Printwheel” and “FF3882" are entries.
3. “Categories” are one kind of information within a Data Base file. “Item”, “Item No.”, and “Cost” are categories.
4. “Records” are all the information about one per- son or item in the file. All the information about the Flexible Disk Binder is in one record.
Table 3-1 lists guidelines for Data Base files.
File Feature Guideline
Maximum number of records in a file assuming an average record size of 75 characters.
About 625 maximum
About 2300 maximum
Maximum number of cate- 30
gories per record Maximum length of a record 1024 characters maximum Maximum length of an entry 79 characters maximum
Maximum number of char- 20 acters in a category name
Table 3-1. Data Base File Guidelines
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Chapter 4
Working With Data Base Information
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The activities described in this chapter allow you to create Data Base files, browse through them, and keep information current. They also let you control what information is displayed and how it’s displayed.
Creating a Data Base File
This section tells how to plan a new Data Base file and how to create a Data Base file from scratch, from a text (ASCII) file, from a DIF file, and from a Quick File file.
Planning a New Data Base File
When you plan a Data Base file, you first decide in general what the file should contain. That is, similar items of information logically belong together in a file. For example, your index of baseball cards belongs in one file, while your list of office inventory items belongs in another.
After you decide in general what the file should contain, you should analyze exactly what the similar items of information in the file have in common. For example, the items in the office inventory file probably have the following information in common: name of inventory article, date it was bought,
where it was bought, original price, depreciated value, and warranty infor- mation. These become the categories in the file.
Each office item has a record in the file. For example, your copy machine and your answering machine each have records.
So the file looks like that illustrated in Figure 4-1.
DeprecVal Price
Copy Mach. 2299 95
157.95
Answering Mach. Nov iS 68
Figure 4-1. Office Inventory File
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Creating the File Follow these steps to create the file: 1. Choose “Add files to the Desktop” from the Main Menu. 2. Choose “Make a new file for the Data Base” from the Add Files menu.
3. Choose “From scratch”, “Froma text (ASCII) file”, or “From a Quick File file’, or “From a DIF file” from the Data Base menu.
From Scratch Follow these steps if you're creating your file from scratch:
1. Type the name of the new file in response to “Type a name for this new file”. Filenames can be up to 15 characters long. They must begin with a letter, and they can contain uppercase or lowercase letters, numbers, periods, and spaces. Then press “RETURN”,
2. Type the names of the categories in the file. Category names can be up to 20 characters long. Press “RETURN” after each, including the last.
3. Press “ESC” when you are satisfied with the filename and the cate- gory names. ///E-Z Pieces then tells you the file doesn’t contain any information and that you can begin inserting new records by pressing the “SPACE” bar. The section “Inserting Records Into a New File” tells how to continue.
Tocorrect the filename, press “UP-ARROW’" to return to the filename. Then retype it and press “RETURN”.
To correct category names: — Press “UP-ARROW’ to go to the previous category name. — Press “DOWN-ARROW’” to go to the next category name.
— Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“I” to insert a category name ahead of the one the cursor is on.
— Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"D” to delete a category name. Then correct the category name and press “RETURN”.
4-3
ee ///E-Z Pieces Tips
Use the category names that contain the words “date” and “time”, such as “Birthdate” or “arrival time”. Then ///E-Z Pieces converts entries in that category to standard date and time format. It’s easy to change a file’s structure after you create it, and even after you create records for the file.
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NOTES: See “Using Dates and Times” in this chapter for more information about standard dates and
times.
See “Changing a File’s Structure” in this chapter for more information about how to change the structure of a file.
From a Text (ASCII) File
You can use a text (ASCII) file as the source of your /// E-Z Pieces Data Base file. Text files are files created by systems such as the Apple Pascal Editor when the environment is set to ASCII, Apple Writer, and some data
base systems. ///€-Z Pieces requires that
— Each entry in the file be on a separate line and followed by a carriage return.
— Entries be grouped by record and in the same order throughout the file.
Follow these steps to make a Data Base file from a text file:
1. If you chose “From a text (ASCI!) file’, // / E-Z Pieces asks for the text file’s pathname. Type the complete pathname and press “RETURN”.
2. Type the number of categories each record will have and press “RETURN”.
3. Type the///E-Z Pieces name for the file. Filenames can be up to 15 characters long. They must begin with a letter, and they can contain uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, periods, and spaces. Then press “RETURN”.
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NOTE:
Pathnames are discussed briefly in Chapter 1 of this manual and in the Apple /// Owner's Manual”.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
When you first get the text file, categories are named “Category 1” and so on. You can change the categories’ names with the “OPEN-APPLE’- “N" command.
From a DIF File
You can use a DIF file—a file created by ///E-Z Pieces’ Spreadsheet, VisiCalc, and other programs—as the source of a Data Base file. When you first create the DIF file, however, use the “C”, or “column-wise” option. Then all information for one record is automatically grouped together.
Follow these steps to make a Data Base file from a DIF file:
1. If you chose “From a DIF file” ///E-Z Pieces asks for the file’s pathname. Type the complete pathname and press “RETURN”.
2. Type the/// E-Z Pieces name for the file. Filenames can be up to 15 characters long. They must begin with a letter, and they can contain uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, periods, and spaces. Then press “RETURN”.
NOTE:
Pathnames are discussed briefly in Chapter 1 of this manual and in the “Apple /// Owner's Manual”.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
When you first get the text file, categories are named “Category 1” and so on. You can change the categories’ names with the “OPEN-APPLE’- “N” command.
From a Quick File File
You can use a Quick File file as the source of a/ / / E-Z Pieces Data Base file, too. Here’s how:
1. If you choose Froma Quick File file” / / / E-Z Pieces get the Quick File file catalog from the disk in the current drive. After you select the Quick File file you want, / / / E-Z Pieces adds it to the Desktop, and you're on your way.
Multiple- and Single-Record Formats
///€-Z Pieces displays information contained in its data base files in either “multiple-” or “single-record formats”. In multiple-record format, /// E-Z Pieces displays 15 records, line after line. As you can guess, single-record format displays only a single record ata time.
To get from multiple-record to single-record format, you “zoom in,” and get from single-record format to multiple-record format you “zoom out”. This is accomplished with the “OPEN-APPLE”-"Z" command as follows:
1. Place the cursor on the first character of the record you wish to zoom into.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"2".
You may return to multiple-record format simply by pressing “OPEN- APPLE”-“Z” again. When you zoom back out to multiple-record format, the cursor is always on the same record as it was on in single-record format.
Single-record format generally allows you to see more information about individual records, and is useful for showing or adding information not seen in the multiple-record format.
NOTE:
See more information about single-and multiple- record layouts in the sections on “Inserting Records”, “Moving the Cursor”, and “Changing the Record Layout” in this chapter.
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Inserting Records
You can insert records into a new file or into an existing file in single-record layout. This section tells how.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
Use standard values to put the same information into every entry in most or all records.
NOTE: See “Using Standard Values” in this chapter.
Records Into a New File
After you create a new Data Base file, you can insert records into the file. Follow these steps:
1. Press “ESC” after you set up the filename and the category names. ///€-Z Pieces tells you there are no records in the file and that you should press the “SPACE” bar to begin inserting records.
2. Press the “SPACE” bar. ///E-Z Pieces presents the first blank record in single-record layout.
3. Type information for each entry and press “RETURN”. Or just press “RETURN” if the entry is blank. When you press “RETURN” after the last entry in the first record, /// E-Z Pieces presents the second blank record. Continue to create records until you are through.
4. Press “ESC” after you finish creating new records. ///E-Z Pieces presents the new records displayed in multiple-record layout.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
You can make the information in an entry long enough so that it fits in the space next to the category name. Actually, an entry can be up to 79 characters long, almost the width of the screen in single-record layout. You may not be able to see the whole entry in multiple-record layout, however, unless you change the multiple- record layout with “OPEN-APPLE’-“L”.
NOTE: See “Changing the Record Layout.”
Records Into an Existing File
You can insert records into an existing file from Review/Add/Change multiple-or single-record layout.
In Single-Record Layout Here’s how to insert records when you're in single-record layout:
1. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“!”./// E-Z Pieces presents a blank record in single-record layout. Type information into entries and press “RETURN” after each.
2. Press “RETURN” after you type information into the last entry in the first blank record. /// E-Z Pieces presents the second blank record.
3. Continue to create new records until you are through. Press “RETURN” after the last entry in the last new record. Then press “ESC”. ///E-Z Pieces returns you to the place in Review/Add/- Change where you were when you pressed “OPEN-APPLE”-“1”,
New records go immediately “before” the record the cursor is on when you press “OPEN-APPLE’-"l". Then you can arrange records in the order you want them.
NOTE: See “Arranging Records.”
///E-Z Pieces Tips
Pressing “ESC” while you are inserting records always returns you to the place Review/Add/- Change where you were when you began to insert records. If you were in single-record layout before you began inserting, you will return to single-record layout when you press “ESC”. Then press “OPEN-APPLE”-"Z” to zoom out to multiple-record layout.
You can insert new records at the end of a file, too. Move the cursor to the last record in the file. Then, if you have to, go into multiple-record format by pressing “OPEN-APPLE’-“Z” to zoom into the record. Press “DOWN-ARROW’” to get past the last entry in this record. / / / E-Z Pieces asks you if you want to insert new records. Choose “Yes”. ///E-Z Pieces presents a blank record.
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Changing the single-record layout, by pressing “OPEN-APPLE”-“L”, makes it easier to add re- cords because you can display categories and type in information in the same order and layout as your Oata input forms.
In Multiple-Record Layout
You can insert records in multiple-record layout, too, although you should make sure you get information into entries not displayed in this layout. To insert records in multiple-record layout, you first create blank records and then type information into them:
1. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"l” when you are in multiple-record layout. ///€E-Z Pieces displays a record in single-record layout.
2. Press “RETURN” to create blank entries in the record. Stop when the cursor is on the first entry in the second record.
3. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"Z” to return to multiple-record layout.
4. Use “OPEN-APPLE’-“C” to make multiple copies of the blank record.
NOTE: See “Copying Records”.
5. Whenever you want, type information into the blank entries. Press “RETURN” after each new entry. If you use the insert cursor, long entries slide to the right and under the next category entry, so entries are not limited in length by the category’s column width.
lf you are going to type information into entries in multiple-record layout, you may want to set the cursor so that it moves to the right instead of down when you press “RETURN”. Todo this, type “OPEN-APPLE”-"L”, then press “ESC”, and choose “Right”.
Putting Information Into entries
It’s easy to type information into Data Base entries and then edit any thatare incorrect. In addition, you can use special Data Base features that allow you to get information into entries easily, with a minimum of typing and correct- ing errors!
Typing and Editing Entries Here’s how to add or edit information in your Data Base entries:
1. Use the insert cursor, which is the blinking bar cursor, or the over- strike cursor, which is the blinking square cursor, when you are typing and editing entries. Anything you type with the overstrike cursor replaces what was there. Anything you type with the insert cursor goes to the left of the character the cursor is on. The character the cursor is on and information to the right of it moves to the right.
Change between cursors with “OPEN-APPLE”-“E”. 2. Use “DELETE” to delete one character to the left of the cursor.
3. Press “ESC” to restore the former entry and move the cursor to the first character of the entry.
4. Use “LEFT-ARROW” and “RIGHT-ARROW’” to move the cursor past characters, without changing them.
5. Press “CONTROL-Y” to erase the rest of an entry starting from where the cursor is. Pressing “RETURN” in the middle of an existing entry does not truncate the rest of the entry.
6. Use the insert cursor to insert characters into entries in the multiple- record layout. If the entry becomes too long for the available space, the information to the right of the cursor slides under the entry in the next column. You can zoom in to see the whole entry.
Dittoing Entries
In multiple-record format you can ditto, or copy, the entry above the one the cursor is on into the current entry just by pressing “OPEN-APPLE”- “(quote)” (do not press “SHIFT”). Use the ditto feature in multiple-record layout.
Using Standard Values
Standard values are values you create that /// E-Z Pieces automatically inserts in Data Base records. After you create a standard value for a cate- gory, each entry in that category when you are inserting records gets the standard value until you enter a different value for it. Standard values save you time because you don’t have to retype the same information again and again and correct mistakes along the way when you are inserting many records with similar data.
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For example, when many people in your name and address file live in the same city, say, Chicago, the you would make Chicago the standard value for the city category. Chicago is the entry for the city category for each new record and you change the entry only for the ones who “don’t” live in Chicago.
Here’s how to create standard values:
1. Make sure you are in Review/Add/Change or Insert New Records (“OPEN-APPLE”-“1”).
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“V”. ///E-Z Pieces presents a record with - the standard values for categories that have them.
3. Type a standard value for a category. Then press “RETURN”. Type standard values for other categories if necessary.
4. Press “ESC” to return to Review/Add/Change or Insert New Records.
Whenever you insert records, categories with standard values are already filled in. You can leave the standard value or type information over it to change it.
To remove a standard value, start from Review/Add/Change or Insert New Records. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“V”. Put the cursor on the category whose standard value you want to remove. Press “CONTROL”-“Y” and then “RETURN”. The standard value is removed.
Press “ESC” to return to Review/Add/Change or Insert New Records.
Using Dates and Times
///E-Z Pieces converts dates you type to a standard format if you make sure the category name contains the word “date”, as in “Date”, “Expiration Date”, “Date of Hire”. That is, all dates appear as three-letter months, one-or
two-digit days, and two-digit years. Examples are Sep 4 83 and Nov 24 83.
///€-Z Pieces can easily arrange the records in a file by date when you use the Arrange feature if dates are in this standard format. Table 4-1 shows some date entries that have been converted to standard format. They have already been arranged by date.
4-11
When You Enter:
///E-Z Pieces Converts It To:
May 3 May 3 5.3.71 May 3 71 3 83 Mar 83 6April83 Apr 6 83 May 1983 May 83 May 7, 1983 May 7 83 5-10-84 May 10 84 5/12/83 May 12 83 June 83 Jun 83 Table 4-1.
Dates Converted to Standard Format
Likewise, whever a category name contains the word “time”, as in “Time”, or “StartTime”, or “TIME”, /// E-Z Pieces converts the times you enter to a standard format. Because / / / E-Z Pieces is attuned to the business day, it assumes all times you enter to be within the business day without your having to enter the a.m. or the p.m. Table 4-2 shows some sample time conversions.
When You Enter: ///€-Z Pieces Converts It To: 700 7:00 AM
1 1:00 PM
7 7:00 AM
12 12:00 PM
3 3:00 PM
659 6:59 PM
To enter a time and not to have it be considered a part of the business day,
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When You Enter: ///E-Z Pieces Converts It To:
7por/p 7:00 PM 12a 12:00 AM 3a 3:00 AM 659 a 6:59 AM Table 4-2.
Times Converted to Standard Format
When you don'’tenter the day, month, or year, / / / E-Z Pieces automatically considers the entry as “00”, and leaves that part of the entry blank. That’s why, if you were to order records by date using the Arrange feature, “Mar 83” would follow “May 3”. To /// E-Z Pieces they are “May 3 00” and “Mar 00 83”.
The following dates won't be converted:
0 42783 42783 27 483 Ap ///€-Z Pieces converts 24-hour time to 12-hour time. Thus, when you enter
“1300”, /// E-Z Pieces converts it to “1:00 PM”. When you enter “0001”, ///€-Z Pieces converts it to “12:01 AM”.
lf you don’t want dates or times converted, don’t include “date” or “time” in the category name.
Moving the Cursor
The cursor movement keystrokes that are the same whether you are in multiple-record or single-record layout are listed in the first section. The ones that are specific to multiple-record layout are listed next, and then those specific to single-record layout.
4-13
Cursor Movement In Multiple- and Single-Record Layout
What You Want
Move cursor to next entry
Move the cursor to previous entry
Move the cursor to the right within an entry
Move the cursor to the left within an entry
Use /// E-Z Pieces’ Ruler to move the cursor proportionally through a file
Move cursor down one category
Move cursor up one category
NOTE:
What You Use
“TAB” when the cursor is on the first character of any entry.
“OPEN-APPLE”-“TAB” when the cursor is on the first character of an entry
“RIGHT-ARROW”
“LEFT-ARROW”
“OPEN-APPLE”-"1” thru “9”
“DOWN-ARROW” when cursor is on the first character of an entry
“UP-ARROW” when cursor is on the first character of an entry.
See ‘Using ///E-Z Pieces’ Ruler” in Chapter 2 for a discussion of how the Ruler works.
Cursor Movement In Multiple-Record Layout
What You Want
Move the cursor to the top of the display and then to the top of the previous screenful, or “page”, of records
What You Use
“OPEN-APPLE”-“UP-ARROW”
To move quickly toward the beginning of a long file, screenful by screenful, hold down: “OPEN-APPLE”-“UP-ARROW”,
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Move the cursor to the bottom of the display and then to the bot- tom of the text screenful, or
“nage”, of records “OPEN-APPLE”-“DOWN-ARROW”
To move quickly toward the end of a long file, screenful by screen- ful, hold down: “OPEN-APPLE”-“DOWN-ARROW"”.
Change the direction the cursor
moves when you press “RETURN”. “OPEN-APPLE”-“L” then “ESC”
Choose the direction in which the cursor should go.
Cursor Movement In Single-Record Layout
What You Want
“DOWN-ARROW?”, “TAB”, or “RETURN” when the cursor is on the first character in an entry
What You Want
Move the cursor to the next entry
Move the cursor to the previous entry “UP-ARROW” when the cursor is
on the first character in an entry
Display the next record in a file, leaving the cursor in the same
category “OPEN-APPLE”-“DOWN-ARROW"”
Display the previous record in a file, leaving the cursor in the same
category “OPEN-APPLE”-“UP-ARROW”
Deleting Records To delete one or more records in multiple-record layout: 1. Put the cursor on a record you want to delete.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“D”. // / E-Z Pieces highlights the record the cursor is on.
4-15
3. Use the arrow keys to highlight the other records you want to delete. After you highlight a record in multiple-record layout, you can use ///€-Z Pieces’ cursor movement keystrokes to highlight more records. You can use “OPEN-APPLE”-“UP-ARROW” or “OPEN- APPLE”-“DOWN-ARROW” and the Ruler.
4. Press “RETURN”. To delete one or more records in single-record layout: . Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“Z” to zoom in to single-record layout. . Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"“D”,
. Choose “No” or “Yes” depending on whether you want to delete the record displayed.
. Continue to choose “No” or “Yes” as /// E-Z Pieces displays suc- ceeding records.
. Press “ESC” after you finish deleting.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
Choose specific records to delete by using the Data Base’s find feature or by creating a record selection rule (“OPEN-APPLE”-“R”). Then use “OPEN-APPLE” “D” for these records.
You can delete all the information in a file but keep its structure. Here’s how: First, create a blank record as the first record in the file. Second, move the cursor to the second record. Third, press “OPEN-APPLE”-“D”. Then press “OPEN-APPLE”-"9” and “RETURN”. All but the first record are deleted. (You can’t delete every record in a file.) Now add new information.
NOTE:
See “Displaying Certain Records” for informa- tion about the find feature and using record selection rules.
4-16
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Copying Records
You can copy one record one or more times, or you can copy a group of records.
Copying One Record
You can make one or more copies of a record in a Data Base file. For example, if many of your records have the same entries, you can make a number of copies of the record and then change the entries that are unique.
You can make copies of a record from Review/Add/Change multi-record or single-record layout. Here’s how:
1. Put the cursor on an entry in the record you want to make one or more copies of.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“C”. 3. If you are in multiple-record layout, choose “Current record”.
4. Type the number of copies you want and press “RETURN”.
Copying Groups of Records
When you copy groups of records, you use// / E-Z Pieces’ clipboard to hold the records temporarily. The clipboard is used for cutting and pasting information. To make one or more copies of a group of records:
1. Make sure you are in multiple-record layout.
. Place the cursor on the first record of the group to be copied. . Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“C”.
. Choose “To clipboard (cut)”.
. Use the arrow keys to highlight the records you want to copy.
. Press “RETURN”. The records are copied to the clipboard.
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. Move the cursor to the place in the file where you want the copied records to go.
. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“C”.
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9. Choose “From clipboard (paste)”. The records are immediately copied from the clipboard.
Moving Records
When you move groups of records, you use /// E-Z Pieces’ clipboard to hold the records temporarily. The clipboard is used for cutting and pasting information. To move a group of records:
1. Make sure you are in multiple-record layout.
. Place the cursor on the first record of the group to be moved. . Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“M”,
. Choose “To clipboard (cut)”.
. Use the arrow keys to highlight the records you want to move.
. Press “RETURN”. The records are moved to the clipboard.
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. Move the cursor to the place in the file where you want the records to
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ress “OPEN-APPLE”-"M”.
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9, Choose “From ciipboard (paste)”. The records are immediately moved from the clipboard.
Displaying Certain Records
By changing record seleciion rules or using the Find command, you can display only certain records from the file. You can then use other Data Base features with these records, such as Delete, Arrange, and Cut and Paste.
Changing Record Selection Rules
When you first create a file, the record selection rule is “Selection: All records”. Thus, ali records are displayed. You can change record selection rules so only records that meet the rule you specify are displayed.
To change the record selection rule: 1. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"“R”.
2. Choose the category you want to use as a basis for the selection. You can use any category, even one not displayed in the file’s muiltipie-record layout.
3. Choose a comparison.
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4. Type the value each entry iri the specified category should be com- pared with (unless your choice is “is blank” or “is not blank” in step 3). Then press “RETURN”.
5. Press “ESC” if your record selection rule is complete. / / / E-Z Pieces displays all the records that meet the rule.
Or choose a connector: “and, or, through”. Then make up another record selection rule.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
You can construct a record selection rule with one or two connectors.
Thus, you can display the records of all baseball players in your file who play for the Houston Astros “and” make over $75,000.00 a year. Or you can display the records of those who batting average is over .300 “or” who drink Lite beer.
When you want to go back to “Selection: All records”: 1. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“R”.
2. Choose “Yes” to indicate that you want to display al! records. ///E-Z Pieces displays all records again.
Finding Certain Records
You can ask /// E-Z Pieces to find all records that contain information you specify. The information may be in any category in a record and anywhere within an entry.
To find certain records: 1. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“F”,
2. Type the value you want /// E-Z Pieces to look for. /// E-Z Pieces displays the records that contain the value you provide.
3. Press “ESC” io return to Review/Add/Change.
4-19
///E-Z Pieces Tips
The Find feature gives you a lot of flexibility in locating records because ///E-Z Pieces finds the records that contain the value regardless of where the value is. If you ask /// E-Z Pieces to find all records that contain “ace”, it will display the following two:
Last Name First Name Off. Phone Company Title
408-174-3948 County DA PlaceOfc
Bradshaw Horace
Wilford Winnifred 408-555-2938 Secretemps
On the other hand, by providing record selection rules (“OPEN-APPLE”-“R”) that tell / / / E-Z Pie- ces what to look for, you can be much more specific, because you can say exactly what cate- gory the value you provide should be found in. To get Bradshaw's record only, for example, you would have to make a Record Selection Rule such as “First Name equals Horace”.
Deleting Certain Records
You can set up record selection rules or find certain records that you want to delete. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"D” to delete the records.
Arranging Records
///€-Z Pieces lets you arrange, or sort, records by the values of entries within a category. You can arrange records in alphabetical order from “A” to “Z” or “Z’” to “A”, orin numeric order from “0” to “9” or “9” to “0”. And you can arrange records with standard dates or times in chronological or reversed chronological order.
To arrange records:
1. Move the cursor to any entry in the category by which you want your records arranged.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"A".
3. Choose the way you want the records arranged.
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To arrange by any number of categories: first arrange by the values in the less important category and then arrange by the values in the more impor- tant category.
Zooming In and Out
“Zooming in” means changing from multiple-record layout, and “zooming out” means changing from single-to multiple-record layout. You can usually see a complete entry in single-record layout, when you may be able to see only part of it in multiple-record layout.
To change from multiple-to single record layout or vice versa: 1. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"2”:
After you move from one layout to the other, you can move about through records by using the cursor movement keystrokes allowable in that layout.
Changing the Record Layout
You can customize screen displays by changing the multiple-to single- record layout so that records are displayed exactly the way you want them. For example, you can lengthen or shorten columns or rearrange them to suit your needs. Changing the record layout does not change the file, only the way information is displayed.
WARNING
When you change afile’s structure by deleting or
inserting a category, you lose all customized record layouts.
4-21
Changing the Multiple-Record Layout
Follow these steps to change the multi-record layout:
1. Make sure you are in multiple-record layout.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"L”. /// E-Z Pieces displays your options on top and three sample records on the bottom. The records are exam- ples of how the file will look after you make your changes.
3. Change the record layout, choosing from the following options:
What You Want
Move the cursor to the next category
Move the cursor to the previous category
Switch the position of the cate- gory the cursor is on with the one on its right
Switch the position of the cate- gory the cursor is on with the one on its left
Increase the width of the column the cursor is on
Decrease the width of the column the cursor is on
Delete the category the cursor is on from the multiple-record dis- play. The information in this cate- gory stays in the record and con- iinues to appear when you display the record in single- record layout.
What You Use
“RIGHT-ARROW” or “TAB”
“LEFT-ARROW” or “OPEN-APPLE”-"“TAB”
“OPEN-APPLE”-‘>” (You don't need to use “SHIFT” for “>”.)
“OPEN-APPLE”-"“<” (Again, no “SHIFT” required)
“OPEN-APPLE”-"“RIGHT-ARROW”
“OPEN-APPLE”-"LEFT-ARROW”
“OPEN-APPLE’-"D”
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Insert a previously deleted cate- gory just to the left of the cate-
gory the cursor is on “OPEN-APPLE”-"1”
After you type “OPEN-APPLE”-“l”, a list of pre- viously delted categories is dis- olayed. Type the number of the category you want to reinsert and press “RETURN”.
4. After youchange the record layout so that the records are displayed the way you want them, press “ESC’.
5. Choose the way you want the cursor to go when you press “RETURN” in Review/Add/Change multiple-record layout.
You will probably want to use all the above options until you see "MARGIN" appear on the right side of the screen. This ensures that the width of the records will fit on the Review/Add/Change screen.
Changing the Single-Record Layout
A customized single-record layout often makes it easier to insert records into the file, because you can arrange categories to maich the layout of your input forms. When you change the single-record layout, you just move categories around each other. Here's how:
1. Zoom into single-record layout with “OPEN-APPLE”-"Z".
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“L”. /// E-Z Pieces displays the “CHANGE RECORD LAYOUT” screen, which looks like a record in single- record layout.
3. Changing the single-record layout invoives putting the cursor on the first letter of the name of the category whose position you want to change, and then moving the category.
What You Want What You Do
Press: “_EFT-ARROW”, “RIGHT-ARROW"”, “UP-ARROW”, “DOWN-ARROW", or “RETURN”.
TO move the cursor
4-23
To move categories Press: “OPEN-APPLE”-“LEFT-ARROW”,
“OPEN-APPLE”-“RIGHT-ARROW”, “OPEN-APPLE”-“UP-ARROW”, or “OPEN-APPLE”-“DOWN-ARROW”
4. Press “ESC” after you have customized the single-record layout.
Changing a File’s Structure
///€-Z Pieces lets you change the name of your Data Base file or the names of the categories in it. It also lets you change the structure of the file itself: you can add new categories at any time and delete categories you no longer need.
Suppose you have a Data Base file for every company you do business with. You keep reports of contacts with that company in the file: Date; Time, Name of Contact, Comments. After working with the file for a while, you decide you need another category, Follow Up, which will remind you of how you are supposed to follow up on the contact. It’s easy to add this new category to your Data Base file.
The ability to change your Data Base files’ structures is invaluable. You can’t always know ahead of time exactly how a file should be put together. So you can learn from your experience, and easily make required changes.
WARNING
Change to the filename or category names have no impact on customized record layouts and report formats. But inserted or deleted catego- ries do. That is, whenever you delete a category you lose your customized record layouts and your report formats.
4-24
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It's to your benefit to change the file structure if you really want to add or delete categories and then recreate special record layouts and report for- mats. You may want to make a copy of record layouts and report formats by using “OPEN-APPLE”-“H” (for hard copy). Then they're easy to recreate.
Here's how to change the way a file is put together:
1. Make sure you are in Review/Add/Change for the file you want to change.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"“N”. /// E-Z Pieces presents the “CHANGE NAME/CATEGORY’ display, with the cursor at the bottom with the prompt “Type filename”.
3. Type the new file name and press “RETURN”. Just press “RETURN” if you don’t want to change it.
4. Use the following cursor movement keystrokes and special keys to fix the file:
What You Want What You Do
Move cursor to previous or next
category Press “UP-ARROW” or
“DOWN-ARROW”.
Put the cursor on the category name you want to change.
Change a category name
Use editing features to change the name of the category and press “RETURN”.
Put the cursor where you want the new category.
Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“I”
Insert a new category
Answer “Yes” to the questions whether you really want to set the custom record layouts back to standard.
Type in the name of the new category and press “RETURN”.
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Delete a category Put the cursor on the category you want to delete.
Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"D”.
Answer “Yes” to the question whether you really want to set the custom record layouts back to standard.
5. Press “ESC” after you finish fixing the file.
NOTE: See “Putting Information Into Entries” for instructions on how to use editing features.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
If you add new categories, you probably will want to insert information into those categories. lf the entries are short, you may find it easy to insert in multiple-record layout with the cursor going down after you press “RETURN”. Then you can easily go from one record to another, inserting new information in each.
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Chapter 5
Reporting With the Data Base
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Report Styles
///€E-Z Pieces lets you create tables-style reports and labels-style reports. Talbes-style reports list records in rows and columns, down the page. Figure 5-1 illustrates a tables-style report, lists the names and addresses of the members of an Apple User’s Group.
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Figure 5-1. Tables-Style Report A labels-style report, on the other hand, lists records with categories printed vertically down the page. Mailing labels are examples of labels-style reports. Figure 5-2 illustrates a labels-style report from the same file as the User's Group. This time, though, more specific information about each individual is included.
Figure 5-2. Labels-Style Report
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When you think about whether you want to create a table-style report or a labels-style report, decide whether you want your records in rows or columns across the page, like the User’s Group Phone List or grouped vertically down the page, like the Address Listing.
NOTE:
Table-style reports are similar to records in multiple-record layout, and labels-style reports are similar to records in single-record layout. Labels-style reports allow you to print complete records without page width limitations.
Report Formats
Report formats are specifications you give///E-2 Pieces to describe how a report should be put together. For a tables-style report format, you tell how records should be arranged, whether all categories should be included or whether some should be deleted, and where categories should go. Your specifications about group totals and grand totals are also included in the report format.
In the User's Group Phone List Report, the individuals’ names, phone numbers and model of computers are included in the report format.
For labels-style reports, you tell which categories should be included and how they should be placed. In the Address Listing Report, address informa- tion is included, but phone numbers are left out.
Report formats are saved with and become part of the Data Base file, although they don’t affect the data itself in any way. They are always available when the file is on the Desktop.
One Data Base file can have up to eight report formats.
Report Menu
When you are in Review/Add/Change for a file and indicate you want to report (“OPEN-APPLE”-“P”), /// E-Z Pieces displays all the Report menu, which is illustrated in Figure 5-3. It presents all your options for beginning reporting.
9-3
REPORT MENU
File: User Group Report: Labels
Figure 5-3. Report Menu . “Get a report format” displays the “Report Catalog”, which lists the report formats you have already created for the file. After you select one, you get the Report Format display for the report, so you can make any necessary changes and print the report. Option 1 isn’t highlighted if you have no report formats. If you choose it anyway, ///E-Z Pieces replies that you have none, and lets you choose whether you want to create a tables-style or labels- style report format. . “Create a new “tables” format” asks for a report name for your new report. Then it presents the Report Format display for tables-style reports for the file. . “Create a new “labels” format” asks for a report name for you new report. Then it presents the Report Format display for labels-style reports for the file. . “Duplicate an existing format” presents the Report Catalog so you can select an existing format from the file so you can duplicate it. After you give it anew name, ///E-Z Pieces presents the Report Format display for the report. Choose this option if you want to use an existing format as a basis but change its name and any other of its specifications. . “Erase a format” presents the Report Catalog for the file, so you can select the report you want to erase. You must choose “Yes” in response to the double-check erase question to make It definite that you really want to erase the format.
. “Keep working with current format” appears only when you have report formats. When you select it, / / / E-Z Pieces returns you to the report format you have just been working with.
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Creating a Tables-Style Report
To create a tables-style report:
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Start in Review/Add/Change of the file you want to create a report for.
Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“P”. ///E-Z Pieces presents the Report menu.
. Choose “Create anew “tables” format”. /// E-Z Pieces prompts you
for the name of the report.
. Type the name of the report, which can have up to 19 letters,
numbers, or special characters and can be the same as the file name. Press “RETURN”. ///E-Z Pieces presents the Report Format display.
Figure 5-4 illustrates the tables-style Report Format display for the User
Group file.
The options you have now for creating the report format.
Examples of records from the file. The changes you make in the report format are reflected in the record examples, so you can see exactly what you are doing as you go along.
Categories are designated A through Z, to make it easy for you to create calculated categories.
PEPORT FORMAT
Figure 5-4. Tables-Style Report Format Display
5-5
Options for creating the tables-style report format are described in the
following sections.
Summary of Considerations and Features
You have several main considerations in creating a tables-style report for- mat. These main considerations are listed in Table 5-1, along with the Data Base reporting features that relate to them.
Main Consideration
Moving the cursor on the Report Format Display
Placing categories on the report
Including the categories you want
Getting records in the right order
Lining up entries
Providing a title for your report
Calculating in reports
Communicating with your printer
Data Base Feature Moving the Cursor
Changing Column Width Switching Category Positions
Deleting Categories
Inserting Previously Deleted Categories
Arranging Records for the Report Right Justifying Categories
Adding or Changing Report Names or Titles
Creating Calculated Categories Adding and Removing Totals Specifying Group Totals
Working with Printer Options Chapter 13, “Printers and Printing”
Table 5-1. Main Considerations for Tables-Style Reports
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Moving the Cursor
When you move the cursor from category to category in the record exam- ples, use the following cursor movement keystrokes:
What You Want What You Use Move cursor one category to “RIGHT-ARROW” the right Move the cursor one category to “LEFT-ARROW”
the left
Changing Column Width
You can increase the width of a column for a report because information in the category is too wide for the current column width. Or you can decrease the width of acolumn because information in the category is narrower than the column. Increasing or decreasing column width helps you make a report look exactly the way you want it and shows the information most effectively. Changing the widths is also helpful in ensuring that the listing is not too wide. The column width is always identical in the right column of the layout. It also ensures that information fits correctly on your printer.
5-7
To change the width of columns:
What You Want Increase the width of a column
Decrease the width of a column
What You Use
Put the cursor on the column
Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“RIGHT-ARROW”
Put the cursor on the column
Press “OPEN-APPLE’-“LEFT-ARROW”
///E-Z Pieces Tips
Be sure columns are wide enough to hold infor- mation in the categories. Columns that are too narrow to hold the widest entry for numerical categories cause / / / E-Z Pieces to display pound
signs (#) instead.
Switching Category Positons
You can switch categories with each other, thus placing categories exactly where you want on the report. To do this:
What You Want
Switch a column with the one on its right
Switch a column with the one on its left
What You Use
Place the cursor on the category to be moved.
Press “OPEN-APPLE’-“>” (do not press “SHIFT”).
Place the cursor on the category to be moved.
Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"<” (Again do not press “SHIFT”).
///€-Z Pieces Tips
You can move a category where you want it, too, by deleting it from one position (“OPEN-APPLE’- “D”) and inserting it where you want it
(“OPEN-APPLE”-“I").
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Deleting Categories
You can delete unnecessary categories from a report format without affect- ing the file. You can reinsert the category into the report format any time you want.
To delete a category:
1. Place the cursor on the category you want to delete. 2. Press ‘OPEN-APPLE”-"D”".
///E-Z Pieces Tips
To delete a category from your “file”, use the “OPEN-APPLE”-“N” function while you are in Review/Add/Change.
Remember, though, that you fose your report formats when you delete acategory from the file.
Inserting Previously Deleted Categories
After you delete a category from a report format by using the “OPEN- APPLE”-“D” function, you can insert it again whenevery you want. You can also insert new categories.
To reinsert a previously deleted category:
1. Decide where you want to reinsert the previously deleted category. Then place the cursor on the category just to the right of that position.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“I”. ///E-Z Pieces presents a numbered list of previously deleted categories.
3. Choose the category you want to insert.
Changing Record Selection Rules
When you first create a report format, the record selection rule is “Selection: All records”. Thus, all records are included in the report. You can change record selection rules so that only records that meet the rule you specify are printed. Record selection rules stay with the report format until you change them.
NOTE: See “Changing Record Selection Rules” in Chapter 4.
Arranging Records for the Report
You can arrange records for the report so the records are printed in any order you want. To arrange records:
1. Move the cursor to the category by which you want your records arranged.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“A”. 3. Choose the way you want the records arranged.
The record arrangement specification is not saved with the report format.
NOTE:
See “Arranging Records” in Chapter 4 for infor- mation on how records are arranged.
Right Justifying Categories
You can right justify information in categories with alphabetic or numeric information in them. When you right justify information in alphabetic cate- gories, the entries in the category line up right under each other, with an even right margin. When you right justify information in categories with numeric information, the decimal points line up under each other.
To right justify a column, follow these steps:
1. Move the cursor to the column you want to right justify.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“J”. /// E-Z Pieces asks you to specify the number of decimal! places that should be included in each entry in the specified column.
3. Type the number of decimal places and press “RETURN”. (If you are right justifying alphabetic information, type “O” and press “RETURN”.) ///€-Z Pieces asks you how many blank spaces should be placed after each entry. This is important in spacing columns across the page.
4. Type the number of blank spaces that you want to be included and press “RETURN”.
After you respond to these prompts, ///E-Z Pieces fills the appropriate column in the record examples with “9”s to show how the information will line up when it is printed.
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///E-Z Pieces Tips
When you specify columns for totals using “OPEN-APPLE”-“T”, they are automatically right justified, and you don’t have to use “OPEN- APPLE”-“J”.
Adding or Changing Report Names and Titles
The report name you give a report format appears at the top left of the report when you print it and at the top left corner of the “REPORT FORMAT” display. You can change this name whenever you want.
In addition, you can give a report a title. The title can be up to 79 characters wide. It is printed at the top of each page of your report.
To change a report name or to give the report a title:
1. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"N”. ///E-Z Pieces prompts you for the new report name.
2. Type the new name of the report, which can be up to 19 characters long. Then press “RETURN”. Just press “RETURN” if you don’t want to change the report's name.
3. Typein the report's title at the cursor position just above the category names, and press “RETURN”. Just press “RETURN” if you don’t want to change the title you previously gave the report.
Creating Calculated Categories
///€-Z Pieces lets you create a new category by manipulating numerical information contained in other categories. If you are keeping an inventory file for the parts you sell in your bicycle shop, for example, you want a total for the amount invested in each part. To get that total, you multiply the quantity of each part (in one category) by the cost of each part (in the second category).
To use acategory as part of a formula for a calculated category, you use the letter under the category name. That Is, if the quantity of each part in the inventory file is in column B and the cost of each part is in column D, then the formula for the total investment per part is B * D.
To get the total of an order for a sales invoice, on the other hand, you multiply the cost of the item (in column A) by the sales tax percentage (a constant you include in the formula) and add this number to the cost of the item. The formula for this calculated category is A * .05 +A (or A * 1.05 or 1.05 * A).
The first 26 columns in a report format are lettered from A through Z under the category name. If you have more than 26 categories, and thus morethan 26 columns in your report, columns 27 through 30 won't have letters. If you want to use information in columns 27-30 as the basis for your calculations, you must either delete columns in the A-Z group or physically move columns 27-30 to the left into the A-Z group.
NOTE:
Calculation rules are based on column letters. If you rearrange columns, rules may apply to dif- ferent columns.
Here are the steps for creating a calculated category:
1. Place the cursor one column to the right of where you want the calculated category to appear.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"K” (for calculated category). A column called ‘Calculated” appears in the space. The examples of informa- tion in that column consist of “9”’s, which means the category will be right justified. In addition, ///E-Z Pieces requests a name for the calculated category.
3. Type the name of the category and press “RETURN”. The category’s name can be up to 20 characters long. This is the name that will appear on the report.
4. Type the calculation rules using the letters associated with the appropriate columns. Use the following keys to designate the four
functions.
plus + minus - multiply * divide /
All operations are performed from left to right.
After you enter the calculation rules, they appear above the double line at the top of the display. ///E-Z Pieces then asks you how many decimal places to include in this category.
5. Type the number of decimal places to include and press “RETURN”. Just press “RETURN” if you want to accept /// E-Z Pieces’ default value for this number. ///E-Z Pieces asks you how many blank spaces to include after this category.
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6. Type the number of blank spaces you want to follow the category and press “RETURN”. Or accept the default by pressing “RETURN”.
WARNING Be sure there are enough “9”’s on both sides of the decimal point to hold the largest and smallest calculated numbers If “““””” appears when the
column is printed or displayed, the field is too short.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
You can’t see the contents of the new column until you either print the report on a printer or display it on the display. To do either, you use “OPEN-APPLE’-"P".
You can use “OPEN-APPLE”-“T” to get a group total and a grand total for the numbers in the calculated category. You can't, however, use “OPEN-APPLE”-“G” on the calculated category to make it contro! group totals in other categor- ies. Neither can you arrange records by the value in the calculated category.
You can have three calculated categories in each ///€-Z Pieces report.
Adding and Removing Totals It's easy to get a grand total for specified categories. Here’s how.
1. Place the cursor on the column you want to total.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“T”. ///E-Z Pieces asks the number of decimal places that should be included in the category total.
3. Type the number of decimal places for the total and press “RETURN”. Or accept ///E-Z Pieces’ best guess by pressing “RETURN”. ///€E-Z Pieces asks the number of blank spaces to include to the right of the total.
4. Type the number of blank spaces to include and press “RETURN”. Or accept ///E-Z Pieces’ default by pressing “RETURN”.
///€-Z Pieces inserts “9”’s in the category with the appropriate number of
5-13
decimal places. The “9”’s will be replaced by the entries in the category when you print the report or by blanks if there is no information in the entry.
The double dashed line below the category indicates that the report will include a grand total for this category.
Here’s how to remove the grand total:
1. Place the cursor on the category with the grand total.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE’-“T”. The sample records will replace the “O's,
///E-Z Pieces Tips
Follow the procedure above to get group totals (subtotals) for categories. But, in addition, use the “OPEN-APPLE”-“G”" function on the cate- gory that should “control” the group totals.
Controlling Group Totals
To specify group totals, or subtotals, for a category, follow the directions in “Adding and Removing Totals.” In addition, specify which category will control the group totals. Whenever a change in value occurs in this control- ling category, a group total is calculated and printed for categories you specified with “OPEN-APPLE’-“T”.
To designate the controlling category for group totals:
1. Put the cursor on the controlling category.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"G”".
3. Choose “No” or “Yes” depending on whether you want to print group totals only, or whether you want to print all the records as well.
4. Choose “No” or “Yes” depending on whether you want to go to anew page after each group total. Your answer is probably “yes” if many records will be included in each group total.
///€-Z Pieces displays the controlling category for the group totals to the left and above the double line on the Report Format display.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
You may want to arrange the records in your report according to the controlling category, too.
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Creating a Labels-Style Report To create a labels-style report, follow these instructions:
1. Start in the Review/Add/Change of the file you want to create a report for.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-”P”. ///E-Z Pieces presents the Report menu.
3. Choose “Create anew “labels” format”. / // E-Z Pieces prompts you for the name of the report.
4. Type the name of the report, which can have up to 19 letters, numbers, or special characters. Press “RETURN”. ///E-Z Pieces presents the Report Format display.
Figure 5-5 illustrates the labels-style Report Format display for the User Group file.
Figure 5-5. Labels-Style Report Format Display
Options for creating the labels-style report are described in the following sections.
Summary of Considerations and Features
You have several main considerations in creating a labels-style report for- mat. These main considerations are listed in Table 5-2, along with the Data Base reporting features that relate to them.
0-15
Main Consideration
Moving the cursor on the Report Format display
Placing categories on the report
Getting records in the right order including the records you want
Checking records in the format you created
Including category names with entries
Providing a title for your report
Communicating with your printer
Data Base Feature Moving the Cursor
Moving Categories
Deleting Categories or Spacing Lines From the Report
Inserting Spacing Lines or Pre- viously Deleted Categories
Left Justifying Categories Arranging Records Changing Record Selection Rules
Looking at Records
Printing Category Names on the Report
Adding or Changing Report Names or Titles
Chapter 13, “Printers and Printing’
Table 5-2. Main Considerations for Labels-Style Reports
5-16
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Moving the Cursor
To move the cursor about on the display, use the following cursor move- ment keystrokes:
What You Use
“LEFT-ARROW", “RIGHT-ARROW", “UP-ARROW"”, “DOWN-ARROW", and “RETURN”
What You Want
Move the cursor left, right, up, or down
///E-Z Pieces Tips
Although you can move the cursor anywhere through the categories, you can move catego- ries only when the cursor is on the first character of the category.
Moving Categories
To place categories where you want them on the report, // / E-Z Pieces lets you move them about on the display. To move categories:
1. Put the cursor on the first character of the category you want to move. 2. Use the following cursor movement keystokes:
What You Use
“OPEN-APPLE”-"“LEFT-ARROW”, “OPEN-APPLE”-“RIGHT-ARROW", “OPEN-APPLE”-“UP-ARROW?”, or “OPEN-APPLE”-“DOWN-ARROW"
What You Want
Move the category left, right, up, or down
///E-Z Pieces protects the first two letters of a category name and thus won't let you move one category on top of or through these first two letters.
Deleting Spacing Lines or Categories From the Report
You can delete spacing, or blank, lines or categories you don’t want to print on the report.
5-17
To delete spacing lines or categories:
1. Putthe cursor on the first character of the category or on the spacing line you want to delete.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE’-"D". When you delete a category, a spacing line remains, which you may delete if you want.
Inserting Spacing Lines or Previously Deleted Categories
You can insert spacing lines or previously deleted categories. To do so,
///E-Z Pieces Tips
Deleting categories means they don't print on the report, not that they are deleted from the file. You can reinsert deleted categories any time you want by using the “OPEN-APPLE’-"!” feature. Spacing lines enable you to place categories correctly in alabels-style report. You can control spacing lines by deleting and inserting them
follow these steps:
1. Put the cursor where you want the category or spacing line to be inserted. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"l”. ///E-Z Pieces displays the names of deleted categories so that you can choose the one you want. It also gives you the option of inserting a spacing line above the cursor position or one below the cursor position, unless you already have the maximum, 15 lines. If you want to insert a line below the last category, just press “RETURN”. 3. Choose the option you want. It is inserted into the report format.
2.
Left Justifying Categories
///€-Z Pieces lets you place two categories so that they print right next to each other. This is called left justifying categories. It is most useful when you
are creating a report format to print lables.
Here are examples of names on labels with and without justifying the last
name category:
With Left Justification
Joe Maxwell Joe Maxwell
Josephine Maxwell
Josephine Maxwell
9-18
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Follow these steps to left justify categories:
1. Place the catgories side by side in the order you want them. 2. Put the cursor on the first character of the category you want to left justfiy. This is the category on the right.
3. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“J". ///E-Z Pieces displays the“ ” charac- ter to the left of the left justified category.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
You can see the effect of left justifying a category only by using the “OPEN-APPLE’-“P” command to actually print the report or display it on the screen.
Arranging Records for the Report
You can arrange records for the report so the records are printed in any order you want. The record arrangement specification is not saved with the report format, however. To arrange records:
1. Move the cursor to the category by which you want your records arranged.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“A”. 3. Choose the way you want the records arranged.
NOTE:
See “Arranging Records” in Chapter 4 for infor- mation on how records are arranged.
Changing Record Selection Rules
When you first create a report format, the record selection rule is “Selection: All records”. Thus, all records are included in the report. You can change record selection rules so that only records that meet the rule you specify are displayed or printed. Record selection rules stay with the report format and change only when you change them.
To change the record selection rule, use the “OPEN-APPLE”-"“R” command.
NOTE:
See ‘‘Changing Record Selection Rules” in Chapter 4.
9-19
Looking at Records
The Report Format display displays the category names for the report format you are working on. You can zoom in to check actual records, if you want.
When you do, you see what the information looks like in the format you have
specified. After you have zoomed in to the first record in the file, you can move through the file, looking at additional records.
What You Want To zoom in to actual records
What You Do Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“Z2”
To move about through the files after you zoom in
Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"1” through “9” to move proportionally through the file
Press “OPEN-APPLE”-">” (no “SHIFT”) to display next record Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“<” (no “SHIFT”) to display the previous record
To zoom out to the category Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“2”
names again
Printing Category Names on the Report
You can specify that category names should be printed on the report as well as the actual entries. To request a category name with the entries:
1. Putthe cursor on the first category name you want to appear on the report.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE’-“V”. The entry from the first record in the file appears next to the category name to show you how the printed information will look.
To remove a category name from the report:
1. Put the cursor on the first letter of the category name you want to remove from the report.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”’-"V".
Adding or Changing Report Names or Titles
The report name you give a report format appears at the top left of the report when you print it and at the top left corner of the “REPORT FORMAT” display. You can change this name whenever you want.
5-20
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In addition, you give areport atitle. The title can be up to 79 characters wide. It is printed at the top center of each page of your report.
To change a report name or give the report a title:
1. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"N”. ///E-Z Pieces prompts you for the new report name.
2. Type in the new name of the report, which can be up to 19 charac- ters long. Then press “RETURN”. Or just press “RETURN” if you don’t want to change the report’s name.
3. Type in the report's title at the cursor position, above the double line, and press “RETURN”. Just press “RETURN” if you don’t want to change a title you previously gave the report.
Working With Printer Options
After you create a report format for a tables-style or labels-style report, you must communicate certain information to ///E-Z Pieces about how it should work with your printer. You do that by using printer options.
Here's how to tell ///E-2 Pieces you want to work with printer options:
What You Want
Indicate that you want to work with printer options
What You Do Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"O” from the Report Format display.
Return to the Report Format Press “ESC”, dispiay atter you are finished with
ihe printer options.
After you indicate you want to work with printer options, ///E-Z Pieces presents the Printer Options display. The Printer Options display for tables- style reports is illustrated in Figure 5-6, and the Printer Options display for labels-style reports is illustrated in Figure 5-7.
9-21
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The information that follows tells how to work with these printer options.
Using Left and Right Margin Options
Table 5-3 describes left and right margin options.
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The Printer Option “Platen width (PW)”
“Left margin (LM)”
“Right margin (RM)”
“Characters per Inch”
Controls
The distance in inches the printer's printhead travels across the paper. The left edge of the paper should correspond to where the printhead stops on the left.
This number can be no greater than the platen width you specify in Other Activities menu option “Specify information about your printer(s).”
Default = 8.0 inches
The maximum you can use is 13.2 inches.
The width of the left margin in inches
Numbers can be in tenths of inches, that is, 1.5 inches, 1.6 inches, 2.0 inches.
Default = 0 inches
The maximum you can use is 9.0 inches.
The width of the right margin in inches
Numbers can be in tenths of inches, that is, 1.5 inches, 1.6 inches
Default = 0 inches
The maximum you can use is 9.0 inches.
The number of printed characters per inch
Characters per inch can be from 4 through 24.
Default = 10 characters per inch
Table 5-3.
Left and Right Margin Options
5-23
When you change any of the above values, / / / E-Z Pieces instantly recalcu-
lates the line width and the estimated characters per line according to the
following formulas:
Xx
Follow these steps to change the value of the left and right margin options.
Platen width Left margin Right margin
Line width
Chars per inch
Chars per line
For example:
8.0 inches 1.5 inches 1.0 inches
5.5 inches
x 12 characters per inch
= 66 characters per line
1. Type the code that stands for the option and press “RETURN”.
2. Type the new value for the option and press “RETURN”. You don't
have to type “.0” if the new value is a whole number. For example, if the new right margin is 1 inch, type “1”.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
For tables-style reports, the characters per line shouldn't be any less than the length of the line on the report format, which is specified by “Len”, followed by the number of characters
long each line will be.
Using Top and Bottom Margin Options
Table 5-4 describes top and bottom margin options.
The Printer Option
“Paper length (PL)”
“Top margin (TM)”
Controls The vertical measurement of the paper you are using, in inches Default = 11 inches The maximum you can use Is 25.4 inches
The length in inches from the top of the paper to the first line of printing
5-24
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“Bottom margin (BM)”
“Lines per inch (LI)”
Default = 0.0 inches. This default value accommodates /// E-Z Pieces users who have sheet feed printers (printers with no tractor). If you have one of these printers, you should leave the default at 0 and position the paper exactly where you want the first line to be.
If you have a tractor feed printer, you will probably want to change this value.
The maximum you can use is 9.0 inches.
The length in inches form the last line of printing to the bottom of the paper
Default for tables-style reports = 2.0 inches
Default for labels-style reports = 0.0 inches
The maximum you can use is 9.0 inches.
The number of lines to be printed per vertical inch on the page
Default = 6 You can use 6 or 8.
Table 5-4. Top and Bottom Margin Options
When you change any of the above values, ///E-Z Pieces instantly
recalculates the printing length and the lines per page according to the following formulas:
Paper length Top margin
Bottom margin
Printing length
For example:
9-25
11.0 inches 2.0 inches 1.5 inches
= 7.5 inches
X Lines per inch x 6 lines per inch
= Lines per page = 45.0 lines per page
Follow these steps to change the value of the top and bottom margin options:
1. Type the code that stands for the option and press “RETURN”.
2. Type the new value for the option and press “RETURN”. You don't have to type “.0” if the new value is a whole number. For example, if the new bottom margin is 1 inch, type “1”.
Using Other Formatting Options Table 5-5 describes other formatting options.
Control
Use this code if you want your printer to use a feature not pro- vided for in Data Base reports, such as proportional spacing or boldface. To find out what special codes your printer can use, check in the manual that came with it.
This printer option can have the value “yes” or “no”. Default = “no” If you change the option to “yes, ///E-Z Pieces asks for the con- trol characters. Type the control characters and type “”” when you finish. If you change this option to “no”, you must include control characters for characters per inch.
The Printer Options
“Send Special Codes to Printer (SC)”
If an entry is blank, ///E-Z Pieces can print a single dash to mark its place.
This printer option can have the value “yes” or “no”.
Default = “no”
“Print a Dash When an Entry Is Blank (PD)”
The Report header consists of the filename, the report name, the record selection rule, the page
“Print Report Reader at top of each page (PH)”
5-26
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number, and the date. If you don’t print a report header, the only information that appears across the top of each page of your report is the title (created with “OPEN-APPLE”-"N”).
The value for this option can be
“yes” or “He”. Default = “yes” Choose “no” for labels.
Table 5-5.
Other Formatting Options To change the value of the above options:
1. Type the code that stands for the option and press “RETURN”.
Determining Spacing in Tables-Style Reports
You can specify whether you want your tables-style report to be single, double, or triple spaced. ///E-Z Pieces’ default is single spacing. Here's how to change the spacing:
ls Type the code that stands for the spacing you want, “S” for single spacing, “DS” for double spacing, or “TS” for triple spacing.
Determining Spacing in Labels-Style Reports
Two printer options determine spacing in labels-style reports. They are very important for labels themselves because labels are a fixed length, usually one inch, and you usually want to control the number of lines on each label. These two options allow you to be precise because they con- trol the number of lines that will appear on each record.
Printer Options
“Omit line when all entries on line are blank (OL)”
Controls
If you leave the value of this option at ///E-Z Pieces’ default, “yes”, ///E-Z Pieces will not sub- stitute a blank line when all entries on a line are blank. That is, it will close up lines with blank entries.
0-27
“Keep number of lines the same within each record (KS)”
If you change this option to “no”, ///€E-Z Pieces will include a blank line in your record even if there is no entry for any category on that line.
If you change this option to “no”, the next option, “Keep number of lines the same within each record”, is eliminated.
If “OL” is “yes” and you leave the value of this option at ///E-Z Pieces’ default, “yes”, ///E-Z Pieces will make sure that all of your records have the same number of lines by adding extra blank lines at the bottom of the record.
If “OL” is “yes” and you change this option to “no”, all your records won't contain the same number of lines if there are blank entries.
9-28
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To change the value of the above options: 1. Type the code that stands for the option and press “RETURN”.
///€-Z Pieces automatically changes the value to its opposite.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
Here's how the “OL” and “KS” options apply specifically to printing labels. Suppose you have the following report format and record:
Name: Randy Sletter
Company: —
Address: P.O. Box 2
City/State/Zip: Central City, TX 77047
(spacing line)
(spacing line)
Here's how the record would print with the var- ious “OL” and “KS” options: With “OL” = “yes” and “KS” = “yes”
Randy Sletter
P.O. Box 2
Central City, TX 77047
(spacing line)
(Spacing line)
(spacing line)
With “OL” = “yes” and “KS” = “no” Randy Sletter P.O. Box 2 Central City, TX 77047 (spacing line) (spacing line)
With “OL” = “no Randy Sletter
P.O. Box 2
Central City, TX 77047 (Spacing line) (Spacing line)
5-29
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Chapter 6
Understanding the Word Processor
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///E-Z Pieces’ Word Processor allows you to work with documents: reports, letters, memos, chapters. The Word Processor makes it easy for you to create professional looking documents in record time.
This chapter discusses the Word Processor’s two main functions, illustrates its flow of activities, and discusses its file guidelines.
The Word Processor’s Two Main Functions
///E-Z Pieces’ Word Processor features have two main functions, as Figure 6-1 shows. The first function, working with information in Word Processor documents, allows you to type documents and quickly and easily edit mistakes and make other necessary changes. You can also use special features that allow you to delete, move, or copy blocks of text within docu- ments, replace old information with new information, find specific informa- tion, and others.
The second function, formatting documents, lets you specify the exact layout, or arrangement, of your document. When you format documents, you create specifications for each document that control margins, paging, and that require special printing techniques such as boldface and under- lining.
WORD PROCESSOR FORMATTING D MENTS WORKING WITH aon INFORMATION IN DOCUMENTS
SPECIFY LAYOUT TYPE/EDIT CONTROL MARGINS/PAGING/ETC. DELETE/MOVE/COPY BLOCKS SPECIAL TECHNIQUES BOLD/UNDERLINE FIND/REPLACE INFORMATION Figure 6-1.
Overview of Word Processor
6-1
Activity Flow
Figure 6-2 is a flowchart of your activities with Word Processor files. Whereas the activities of ///E-Z Pieces’ Data Base fall into two different areas, Review/Add/Change and Report, all the Word Processor’s activities take place in Review/Add/Change.
WORD PROCESSOR REVIEW/ADD/CHANGE TYPE/EDIT DOCUMENT SPECIFY FORMATS
PRINT DOCUMENTS
Figure 6-2. Word Processor Flowchart
File Guidelines
The only Word Processor file guideline is for the length of a Word Processor
file. A Word Processor file can be 3584 lines maximum. For single-spaced pages of 54 lines each, that’s about 66 pages.
Another way of judging Word Processor file size is by number of characters: a file with 47,000 characters (maximum size for a computer with 128K RAM) is about eighteen pages long. A file with 175,000 characters (maximum om fora computer with 256K RAM) is about 70 pages, however the maximum O
66 pages discussed above will still apply, so the overall maximum is 66 pages
for a 256K computer.
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Chapter 7
Working With Word Processor Documents
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It's easy to use the Word Processor’s features to type documents, editing information as you go; moving, copying, and deleting blocks of text when- ever necessary; finding information; and replacing incorrect information. This chapter explains features that allow you to get the information you want in your documents with a minimum of effort.
f-7
Making a Document
This section tells how to plan a new Word Processor document and how to make a Word Processor document from scratch or from a text (ASCII) file.
Planning a Word Processor Document
///€-Z Pieces’ Word Processor is very flexible. Assuming that you have some vague idea of what you want your documentto say, all that’s required when you plan itis that you know ///E-Z Pieces’ default settings about how your document should look. These default values are contained in specifications that come with all new Word Processor documents. You can use these default values or change them.
Here are the default values that will be beginning specifications for every new document you create:
1. Specifications for horizontal spacing. /// E-Z Pieces’ default values are: —Platen width = 8.0 inches — Left Margin = 1.0 inches — Right Margin = 1.0 inches — Characters per inch = 10
NOTE: See “Controlling Horizontal Spacing” in Chap- ter 8.
1. Specifications for vertical spacing. ///E-Z Pieces provides these default values: — Paper length = 11.0 inches — Top margin = 0.0 inches — Bottom margin = 2.0 inches — Lines per inch =6
NOTE: See “Controlling Vertical Spacing” Chapter 8.
3. Whether lines should be — Unjustified—that is, even left and uneven right margin — Justified—that is, both margins even — Centered 7-2
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///€-Z Pieces’ default is that you’ll want your lines unjustified. NOTE:
See “Controlling Layout” Chapter 8.
4. Spacing — Single spacing - — Double spacing — Triple spacing
//€E-Z Pieces’ default is that you’ll want single spacing.
NOTE: See “Controlling Vertical Spacing” in Chapter 8.
Just a few keystrokes let you change any of the above default values to the value you want, either at the beginning of or within your document.
In addition to the specifications listed above, you may want to think ahead of tabs. Tabs are set initially every five spaces. You can reset them at the beginning or as you go.
If you’re formatting certain types of formal business documents, you may want to think about these specifications.
— Layout techniques such as page headers and footers. You may have standard ones in your company, or you can create them as you go. You can create them after you're finished with the document, too, if you want.
— Section headers. If you're following a-standard procedure or want to create one, you may want to use a system of headers to start with.
You may never use any special layout techniques or section headers. You may never even underline or use boldface. What you should be convinced of, however, is /// E-Z Pieces’ flexibility. You can make up your mind about specifications or change your mind at any time, and ///E-Z Pieces will respond.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
You can make a Word Processor file containing nothing but specifications you use frequently. Then, to start a new document, simply get this file and start putting information into it. Be sure to change its name before you save it, though.
(-3
Creating the Document Follow these steps to create a new document:
1. Choose “Add files to the Desktop” from the Main Menu. 2. Choose “Word Processor” from the Add Files menu.
3. Choose “From Scratch” or “From a text (ASCII) file” from the Word Processor menu.
From Scratch
Follow these steps to make a file from scratch:
1. Type the name of the new file in response to “Type a name for this new file”. File names can be up to 15 characters long. They must start with a letter, and they can contain upper- or lowercase letters, numbers, periods, and spaces. Then press “RETURN”.
Figure 7-1 illustrates the display for a new Word Processor document.
1 The name of your new file
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rier j¢t Document tape: Main Menu ==SSa =us | = sse= |s== =| sss!'saea! eee t will be Inserted Into the document
3 Where tabs are set now, every five spaces Where you'll start typing your new document
5 The “line indicator" and the “column indicator” tell cursor position on the display
Figure 7-1. New Word Processor Document
At first you may be a bit intimidated by a blank screen. Most writers are. If you don’t know how to begin, type anything. You can always delete it. Or, if you're having trouble thinking of an opening line, start with another line, perhaps in the middle. Hardly anyone does an opening line first, anyway.
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From A Text (ASCII File)
///€-Z Pieces’ Word Processor can use ASCII text files on SOS-formatted disks as sources for its own documents. Text files are made by systems such as Apple Writer, the Pascal Editor when the environmentis set to ASCII, and other word processors (although ASCII may not be their native mode).
Check the user manual of the system that originated your file to see if it creates ASCII text files.
Follow these steps to make a Word Processor file from a text file:
1. If you choose “From a text (ASCII) file”, // / E-Z Pieces asks for the text file’s pathname. If the file is in the current drive. you can type the name of the file and press “RETURN”. If the file is in another drive, type the complete pathname and press “RETURN”.
2. Type the name of the new file in response to “Type a name for this new file”. File names can be up to 15 characters long. They must start with a letter, and they can contain upper- or lowercase letters, numbers, periods, and spaces. Then press “RETURN”.
NOTE:
Pathnames are discussed briefly in Chapter 1 of this manual and in the Apple / / / Owner’s Manual.
Typing and Editing Information
It’s easy to type information into Word Processor documents and then edit incorrect information. Guidelines follow.
Word Wraparound
When you type information into a document, the lines of informatiun go into the document as if they were wrapped around a pole. This feature is called word wraparound.
Lines of information in a paragraph are actually long spirals of characters. ///E-Z Pieces formats each line for you according to the margins you have set so that words do not break at the end of lines. If you come to the end ofa line in the middle of a work, ///E-Z Pieces brings the whole word to the beginning of the next line.
NOTES:
Control word wraparound by using sticky spaces, which do not allow breaks between words.
7-5
See “Using Sticky Spaces” in Chapter 8 for information on how to use sticky spaces.
Using “RETURN”
Each time you press “RETURN”, you get a space one line long. You do not press “RETURN” at the end of each line of information within a paragraph as you do when you type with a typewriter. Instead, you just keep typing.
A paragraph has only one “RETURN'’—at its end. Press “RETURN” when you want
— To end a paragraph. — To create a blank line.
— Toendaline without any punctuation, at the end of each line of the name and address lines in a letter, for example.
Inserting Information
Use the insert cursor, which is the blinking bar cursor, when you want information you type to be inserted. Anything you type with the insert cursor goes to the left of the character the cursor is on. The character the cursor is on and to the right of it moves to the right. Figure 7-2 shows an example of inserting.
Figure 7-2. Inserting
1. Get the insert, blinking bar cursor if you don’t have it: press “OPEN-APPLE’-"E’.
. Move the cursor to the ’a’ in “as a vote-getter”.
. Type “and weaknesses” and press SPACE once.
Move the cursor to the “y” in “your mother’s maiden name”.
Type “as the shape of your ears and” and press SPACE once.
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Striking Over Existing Information
Use the overstrike cursor, which is the blinking square cursor, when you want to type over existing information with new information. Strikeover within old text is limited by existing carriage returns. That is, you can strike over characters up to an existing carriage return. When the cursor comes to the carriage return, characters are inserted. They push the carriage return along until you finish what you are typing.
Figure 7-3 shows and example of striking over existing information.
It j= nat good enough to Mave 8 good anceetrr,
police recerd and credit rating, There a several other factors which cauld rowsuct , slr upi« an automatic contender or rule wou out from the beginning.
Figure 7-3. Striking Over
1. If you don't have it, get the overstrike, blinking square, Cursor: press “OPEN-APPLE”-"E".
. Move the cursor to the “r’ in “royjrt ,slr upi”.
. Type “either make you”.
Move he cursor to the space between “x” and “an”.
. Press DELETE once.
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Editing Information When you're editing information, use
— DELETE to erase one character to the left of the cursor.
— CONTROL and Y to delete information to the end of the line the cursor is on, up to acarriage return, if there is one. The Word Processor closes the space created.
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— The Word Processor’s cursor movement keystrokes to move the cursor past characters without changing them.
— “OPEN-APPLE”-“E” to change between the insert and the overstrike cursors.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
Zoom in to see all the existing cursor returns. They're noted as “backslashes” when you're zoomed in to the text. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“Z” to zoom in. You can be zoomed in or out when you insert new information or strike over existing information.
Moving the Cursor within a Document
It's easy to move the cursor though a Word Processor document. You can move it character by character, word by word, and line by line, or you can move it through larger units of information.
To move the cursor within a Word Processor document:
Move the cursor to the rightorto RIGHT-ARROW, LEFT-ARROW
the left from characterto character LEFT-ARROW moves the cursor backwards from the first character on a line to the last character on the preceding line. If that line is blank, the cursor moves to the first space on it and then immediately to the end of the line above it.
Move the cursor up to down from UP-ARROW, DOWN-ARROW line to line
Move the cursor to the right orleft “OPEN-APPLE’-RIGHT-ARROW
to the space before the next or or LEFT-ARROW preceding word or group of
characters
Move the cursor to the next “TAB”
tab stop
Move the cursor to the previous “OPEN-APPLE”-"“TAB” tab stop
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Move the cursor through a “OPEN-APPLE”-“I” through “9” document
Move the cursor to the bottom of “OPEN-APPLE’-“DOWN-ARROW” this screen and then to the
bottom of the next screenful of
information (20 lines)
Move the cursor to “OPEN-APPLE”-“UP-ARROW” the top of this screen and then to
the top of the previous screenful
of information (20 lines)
Viewing Your Document
For the most part, / / / E-Z Pieces follows this rule: What you see is what you get! That is, whatever you see displayed is what you will get when you print. It’s easy, therefore, to get a pretty accurate idea of how a document will look just by looking at how it’s displayed.
Several ///E-Z Pieces features will bend the rule a bit:
— Characters printed in proportional spacing will look different from those on the screen because characters on the screen are all the same width.
— Printer options noted by a caret on the screen cause the number of characters per line on the screen to be different from the number of characters when printed, because carets don’t print.
— Printing with more than 12 characters per inch or 79 characters per line may cause what's printed to look different from what's on the display.
— Double or triple spacing.
— Page headers and footers not shown on each page of the display.
For example, if you print with 10 characters per inch and use no printer options with carets, you can expect that what you see is what you get. If you have a wide printer platen or use very narrow margins, however, the rule doesn’t work because more characters will print on each line than can be displayed.
Text and Case Sensitive Text
There are two types of text that can be found or replaced. When you choose Find or Replace, you must also choose what type of text you want to work with:
“Text” will find or replace text that is written in any combination of upper- or lowercase characters. For example, if you want to find the word “the”, /// E-Z Pieces will also find “THE” and “The”.
“Case sensitive text” will find or replace only those occurences of text that exactly match the character you type. For example, if you specify the word “The”, it will only find “The”, and not “the” or “THE”.
Deleting Information
You can delete information in two ways: you can use the DELETE key (BACKSLASH key on older Apple /// computers) or the Delete commana. Both delete methods take you at your word: anything you delete is gone.
If you are typing and make a mistake, you should delete backwards, character by character:
— Press DELETE to erase incorrect information and back the cursor up to where you can start typing again.
If you want to delete larger chunks of text, follow these steps:
1. Move the cursor to the beginning or the end of the information you want to delete.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“D”.
3. Move the cursor to the beginning or end of the information you want to delete. /// E-Z Pieces highlights this information as you go. deleted information was. (If you change your mind about deleting, press ESCAPE instead).
///E-Z Pieces Tips
Follow this procedure to delete screenfuls of information at atime: press “OPEN-APPLE”-“D”. Then press “OPEN-APPLE”-“UP-ARROW’” until you have highlighted enough information. Then press “RETURN”.
You can delete to the end of your document, too. As a matter of fact, you can delete your whole document at once. First, press “OPEN-APPLE”- “7”. Then press “OPEN-APPLE”-“D” and “OPEN- APPLE”-“9”. Then press “RETURN”.
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To delete printer options, zoom in, move the cursor to the line you want to delete, press “OPEN-APPLE”-“D”, and then press “RETURN’. To delete a pagebreak line, put the cursor anywhere on the line, press “OPEN-APPLE’- “D)” and then press “RETURN”. If you do delete these lines, however, the existing page calcula- tions go away, and you will have to recalculate page breaks.
Replacing Existing Information
///E-Z Pieces lets you replace one, several, or all occurrences of information within a document with new information. Whether you decide to replace occurrences one at a time or all at once depends on whether you want to see each occurrence before the replacement.
The replaced text is the existing information. The replacing text is the new information. Both can be up to 30 characters long.
///E-Z Pieces keeps a record of the last text you asked it to replace or find (“OPEN-APPLE”-"F”). When you ask to replace text the next time, ///E-Z Pieces supplies the last replaced or found text as Its best guess for what you want this time. Press “RETURN” if you want to replace the next occurrence of this same information. Or type new text and press “RETURN” if you want to replace different information.
For example,
“mountains” will be the best guess
lf you last asked ///E-Z Pieces | for the next replace or find.
to replace “mountains” with “molehills”
\f the text cannot be found, / // E-Z Pieces responds with “Not found, press Space Bar to continue”. That message means the text isn'tin that part of the file you asked // / E-Z Pieces to search, or in the whole file if you started at
the beginning.
Replacing One or Several Occurrences of Information
When you follow these instructions to replace one or several occurrences of information with new information, you can decide whether or not to make the replacement beforehand:
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1. Move the cursor to wherever you want ///E-Z Pieces to start searching. (Remember you can easily get to the beginning of a document with “OPEN-APPLE”-“1”.)
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"R” (for Replace). ///E-Z Pieces supplies the last found or replaced text if you have used find or replace in the session.
. Type the replaced text. Then press “RETURN”.
. Type the new text. Then press “RETURN”,
. Choose “One at a time”.
. ///E-Z Pieces highlights the first occurrence of the old information. Choose “No” or “Yes”, depending on whether or not you want to replace it.
7. ///E-Z Pieces continues to highlight occurrences of the old
information and asks you if you want to replace it, until it finds no more occurrences.
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lf you want to stop replacing at any time, press ESCAPE.
Replacing All Occurrences of Information
You can replace all occurrences of information automatically without having to check and respond yes or no before each replacement. Here’s how:
1. Move the cursor to wherever you want ///E-Z Pieces to start searching.
. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“R” (for Replace).
. Type the text you want to replace. Then press “RETURN”. . Type the new text. Then press “RETURN”,
5. Choose “All”.
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///E-Z Pieces makes all the replacements automatically.
Making replacements automatically gives you less control over the replacements. For example, supposing you want to replace “the” with “those”. Each occurrence of “the”, including “there”, is replaced by “those”.
That means Becomes
“there” “thosere”
To make sure ///E-Z Pieces replaces only what you want it to, you should make the text to be replaced unique . You could ask ///E-Z Pieces to replace “ the ” with “ those ”, for example. Then you could eliminate the replacement in “there”.
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///€-Z Pieces considers spaces at the beginning or end of the information you type to be part of the text.
Moving Text Within a Document
It's easy to move text within a document: words, paragraphs, or blocks of information up to a total of 250 lines.
To move text within a document:
1. Move the cursor to the first or the last character of the information you want to move.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“M” (for Move).
3. Choose “Within document”. Then/// E-Z Pieces presents the text in zoomed-in format, so you can see all the cursor returns and printer options in the text. They help you be very specific about what information you move.
4. Move the cursor to the end or the beginning of the information you want to move. Then press “RETURN”.
5. Movethe cursor to the place where you want to move the information.
6. Press “RETURN” again. The information is moved.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
If you move part of a paragraph, ///E-Z Pieces closes up the space where the information was. Try to move only the information you want, with or without surroundings spaces, blank lines, or carriage returns. You may have to adjust spac- ing, however, after you move the information. That’s easy to do—delete spaces with DELETE. And add spaces with the insert cursor and “SPACE”.
The copy feature is similar to the move feature except that copy lets you leave the text in its original place, too.
Figure 7-4 shows a paragraph where text will be moved.
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Need to reverse the order of these twa paragraphs
Figure 7-4. Moving Paragraphs
1. Move the cursor to the “I” in “In spite of”.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“M”.
3. Choose “Within document”.
4. Move the cursor to the blank line after the paragraph. Press “RETURN”,
5. Move the cursor to the “F” in “For example,”.
6. Press “RETURN”.
7. Adjust spacing, if necessary.
Copying Text Within a Document
Copying text within a document makes it easy to duplicate (or “boilerplate”) paragraphs or sections you want to appear several times. You can make an exact copy of text wherever you want and then make changes if necessary. You can copy up to a total of 250 lines at once.
To copy text within a document:
1. Move the cursor to the first or last character of the information you want to move.
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”—“C” (for Copy).
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3. Choose “Within document”. Then ///E-Z Pieces presents the text in zoomed-in format, so you can see all the cursor returns and printer options in the text. That makes it easy for you to copy exactly what you want.
4. Move the cursor to the end or the beginning of the information you want to copy. Then press “RETURN”.
5. Move the cursor to the place where you want to copy the information. 6. Press “RETURN” again. The information is copied.
///E-Z Pieces Tips
The Word Processor's move feature is similar to the copy feature, except that when you move information, you do not leave a copy in the origi- nal place.
FINDING INFORMATION
///€-Z Pieces finds three types of information in your document for you:
— Text—words or phrases, usually—that you provide as comparison information
— Aspecific page
— A marker, which identifies a certain spot in the document
This section provides information about the first two.
NOTE: Finding markers is discussed in the next section, “Using Markers.”
Finding Text
When you supply text for ///E-Z Pieces to find, ///E-Z Pieces begins looking at the cursor position for the first occurence of the text, which can be up to 30 characters long. Then you can ask for the next occurence, if you want.
To find specific text:
1. Move the cursor to wherever you want /// E-Z Pieces to start search- ing. (Remember you can easily get to the beginning of a document with “OPEN-APPLE”-"1”.)
2. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“F” (for Find).
3. Choose “Text” to indicate you want to find specific text. If you have already used find or replace, /// E-Z Pieces supplies the last found or replaced text.
4. Type the text and press “RETURN”. /// E-Z Pieces moves the cursor to the text and highlights it.
9. Choose “No” or “Yes”, depending on whether you want ///E-Z Pieces to find the next occurence of the text.
Spaces at the beginning or end of the comparison information are part of the text.
///€-Z Pieces keeps a record of the last text you asked it to find or replace (OPEN-APPLE-“R”). When you ask to find text the next time, / / / E-Z Pieces supplies the last found or replaced text as its best guess for what you want this time. Press “RETURN” if you want to find the next occurence of this same information. Or type new text and press “RETURN” if you want to find different information.
For example,
If you last asked /// E-Z Pieces to
replace “29 giraffes” with
“30 elephants” “29 giraffes” will be the best guess for the next find or replace.
///€-Z Pieces does not search through printer options for the information you want, because printer options are not considered text.
If the text cannot be found, /// E-Z Pieces responds with “Not found, press Space Bar to continue”.
Some Examples Figure 7-6 shows text with several items of information found.
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Figure 7-6. Finding Information
Here’s how to find the occurences of “caucussing”: 1. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"F". 2. Choose “Text”. 3. Type “caucussing” and press “RETURN”. The cursor moves to the first occurence of “caucussing”.
4. Choose “Yes” if you want to find the next occurence of “caucussing”. “Caucussing” will be /// E-Z Pieces best guess for your next find or replace.
Finding a Specific Page To find a specific page, follow these steps:
1. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-"F". 2. Choose “Page”. 3. Type the page number and press “RETURN”.
RRR ///E-Z Pieces Tips
///E-Z Pieces starts searching for pages from the beginning of the document. The cursor moves to the first character on the page you request.
To get to any page past 1, you must have already calculated page numbers (OPEN-APPLE-“k”) or printed the document (in which case / / / E-Z
Pieces automatically paginates the document). ess ceclceeandnaiaiiasaaebao
Using Markers
Markers are places you identify in your document. They help you move the cursor to specific places quickly. After you identify a place (or “set a marker’), it’s easy to jump to that place (or “find a marker’).
Setting Markers Follow these steps to set a marker:
1. Move the cursor to the place in the document where you want to set the marker.
. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“O” (for printer Options).
. Type “SM” (for Set Marker) and press “RETURN”,
. Type the number of the marker, “1”, “2”, or “3”, for example. . Press ESCAPE.
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///E-Z Pieces Tips
The marker number can be any number between 1 and 254. That's probably enough!
Finding a Marker
Once you identify the spot by setting a marker, it's easy to jump to that spot by asking ///E-Z Pieces to find the marker.
To find a marker:
1. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“F”, 2. Choose “Marker”.
3. Type the number of the marker (‘1”, “2”, or “3”, for example), and press “RETURN”,
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///E-Z Pieces Tips ///E-Z Pieces starts searching for markers at the beginning of the document.
Find Options for Printer
Finding printer options is much like finding other information in ///E-Z Pieces. After pressing “OPEN-APPLE”-”F”, choose “O” and the list of printer options will appear. Select the option you wish to find and press “RETURN”. /// E-Z Pieces will find the next occurence of that option.
Using Tabs
Tabs are always noted by a vertical line in the dashed line across the top of the display. Tabs let you control the movement of the cursor across a line. New documents have tabs every five spaces. Using tabs involves setting and clearing the tabs and then moving the cursor to the tabs.
Setting and Clearing Tabs Here’s how to set and clear tabs.
1. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“T”. The cursor moves to the double line at the top of the screen, where tabs are noted with a vertical line.
2. Use LEFT-ARROW and RIGHT-ARROW to move the cursor to wherever you want to set or clear a tab. Type “S” to set atab or “C” to clear a tab in that spot.
Or type “R” to remove all existing tabs. 3. Press ESCAPE when you are finished setting or clearing tabs.
///E-Z Pieces Tips Watch the column indicator as you are setting tabs.
Moving the Cursor to Tabs
To move the cursor to tabs, just press “TAB”. Use “OPEN-APPLE”-“TAB’" to move the cursor to the previous tab.
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Semen gees ///E-Z Pieces Tips
Set tabs for formatting columns within text Sees
Changing the Name of your File Here’s how to change the name of your file:
1. Press “OPEN-APPLE”-“N”.
2. Type the new name of the file. The name can be up to 15 characters long. It must start with a letter, and it can contain upper- and lower- case letters, numbers, spaces, and periods. Then press “RETURN”.
Se ///E-Z Pieces Tips
///E-Z Pieces changes the name of the file on the desktop. When you save the file, it is saved with the new name. That means you still have the file under its old name, if it is an old file. You may want to delete the file from the disk under its old name.
Changing the name of the file is one way to keep several copies of the same file and make sure
you know the difference between them. es
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Chapter 8
Formatting a Word Processor Document
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