Be x05 QA] 35952
JOURNAL OF BOTANY,
BRITISH AND FOREIGN.
Editen by
JAMES BRITTEN, F.L.S.,
SENIOR ASSISTANT, DEPARTMENT OF BoTANY, BRITISH Museum (Natural History), SoutH KENSINGTON,
ILLUSTRATED WITH PLATES AND WOODCUTS.
Mo. Bot. Garden, 1894 LONDON: WEST, NEWMAN & CO., 54, HATTON GARDEN.
1893.
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JANUARY, 1893. Vol. XXXI.
JOURNAL OF BOTA BRITISH AND FOREIGN.
EDITED BY
JAMES BRITTEN,
ro 2 SN ae ‘Yr. ? mers Tr
SENIOR ASSISTANT
Souta KENSINGTON.
CONTENTS. ee ae
syste ke Re ev. oh Sain L “ M. Deg A Contti bation ie our Knowled
ee Further Noteson eine, new e __ of Seedlings. By the Right'Hon. 13 riggs L CRBOCE, Mores SEP
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THE
JOURNMEO OFT BOTAR?T
BRITISH AND FOREIGN.
ON CYCAS TAIWANIANA, sp. Nov., AND C. SEEMANNI A.Br. By W. Carrutsers, F.R.S. (Puates 330, 881).
Tue characters employed in grouping t the different species of the genus Cycas are 1 ot altogether et, No doubt this is
being the revolute mar, or the more or less flat nature of the segments. But t he fact a in the most characteristic revolute species (C. revoluta L.) there are plants with flat margins shows
(C. Beddomei Dyer) | has its affinities with the C. circinalis and the Australian species, and not with C. revoluta or C.inermis. Neither can
this depends in several species on the age of the spa ix. i dt appears to me, looking at the materials existing in the Herbarium of the British Museum, and at the published figures and descrip- tions, that the form of the barren expansion in the female spadices will supply, in the present state of our Loaledes, “sone characters for g a than any hitherto suggested. Three types are resen : First - Where the apex is dilated into rhomboidal lamina, yas teeth on the two upper margins of the rhomb, the terminal on being usually much larger. To this poe ae C. circinalis, C. Rumphii, C. Seemanni, the Australian species, &c, Seco: ae Where the lamina is af ae broad, and is deeply
Linn., C. inermis Lour,, and C OT enione hee deseri bed.
Third. Where the lamina is broader than long, and the spiny teeth are borne chiefly on the upper ma rgin. To this group belong the species discovered a figured by W, Griffith,—C. pec- tinata Griff., C. Jenkinsiana Griff., C. macroca saa ne The ‘materials for the history of this group are still very imperfect
the arium of Dr. Hance, which was some years ago JOURNAL OF Serie’ ou. 81; [Janvary, 1893.]
g ON CYCAS TAIWANIANA AND C. SEEMANNI A. Br.
acquired by the British Museum, there is part of a leaf and three foliar — of a Cycas from the Island of Formosa. It belongs
of C. reroluta, though the barren lamina approaches the srecies sof the ei group. It may be thus described :—
s Taiwaniana, sp. noy.—Leaf with numerous erecto- patent subopposite segments springing from a terete rachis ; petiole unknown ; segments flat, linear-lanceolate (5 to 7 in. long, rather more than + in. broad), decreasing below to a base about oa the
8
on e e
unkno emale spadices nearly glabrous, long, with slender sania fruit (8 or 4) borne above the middle; lamina nearly as broad as long, deeply any on both sides into linear comicets spines of the same substance as the lamina; terminal spine some- what vig broad and serrate.
The specific name-is from Tai-wan, the native name of Formosa. "We more definite information is contained on the label than that the specimens were collected in the island of Formosa by
r. Swinhoe, and sent to Dr. Hance in the autumn of 1867, from whose herbarium, as I have said, came the specimen in the British Museum on which the species is found
n the Flora Vitiensis Dr. Seemann described a Ci ycas which he
found i in the Fiji Islands, and referred to (. circina/is L. A. Braun subsequently peop out geome by which he separated it from C. cireinalis L. and name » Seenanni. Baron von Mueller has described the plant at Teng. “Dr. Masters having lately given the tore Departm a series of photographs “of the plant, it med to the Editor desirable to give an illustration of this fine Ohad; discovered by and named after the founder of this Journal. It has a stem thirty at high. In the specimen figured from the
ch. e stem is marke by alternate constrictions and enlargements, caused by the idtenistios of the fruiting spadices and the normal leaves. The scars left by the spadices are smaller,
preading and
urved; they gradually decrease from a little above the podiutibked
base, and end in a long acuminate apex. The male cone is two
feet. long, and. the scales have a short, acute, sobondiins apex on the
upper part of thecone. The female spadix bears from. six to eight
» Subtriangular apex, with small spines along
id a@ terminal one scarcely larger than the others. It was found in Viti-Levu and Ovalan ws Dr. Seemann.
In the Museum Herbarium there are specimens of a Cycad from
8 Tonga Islands, collected by Banks and Sohainler in Capt. Cook’s
segments of the leaves, on the presence of a large terminal spine on the i but until more materials are abtahied from the Tonga,
KEY TO BRITISH RUBI. 3
Fiji, New Caledonia and nein bnoanins islands, it is undesirable to add new names to the genus, as they may represent only unim- portant geographical fpalineatiin.
ExpLanations or Puates.
Tas. 330.—Cycas Seemanni A. Br. Representing the general aspect of the plant, the male and the fe on fruiting heads, with a single spadix, all somewhat reduced in size from photo
AB. 331.—Cycas Falvenisnk. from specimen in the British Museum.
AN ESSAY AT A KEY TO BRITISH RUBL By tHe Rey. W. Moye Rogers, F.L.S.
{Continued from vol. xxx.,.p. 341.)
Grove 8. Betuarprant (= Guanputost Focke).—St. mostly prostrate and roundish, rooting, often Sincatts All the stems densely clothed with stalked glands, bristles, acicles and prickles of various
pre sizes. Prickles more frequently weak than in the Rapuuz and the Korsterianr; often subulate. Pan. racemose or with racemose lateral branches at the base. All the lts. distinctly stalked. Stipules filiform. Stam. rather frequently falling short of the styles, or barely caliailiag fats
Usually rather small low-growing plants.
A. Stalked glands very unequal; some of those on the pan. longer than the diameter of the ped.:—(74) viridis; (75) Duro- trigunn; (76) divexiramus ; (77 pork lus ; eal Bellardi ; (79) serpens ; nas hirtus and vars. All nearly allied pla
. Stalked glands short; those on the pan. hidden in the dense oa or felt (*‘ sunken ’’), or at least shorter than the diameter of the ped. :—-(81) te) arragits es ? oigoclados aud vars.
74. R. virmis Kalt. J Bot. 1890, pp.. 134, 166. R. in- eultus Wirtg. Syn. Bh, p.- "369. —St., petioles, pe “1 alee 3 and
te see ate; term, roundish or bro - ovate-cuspidate or plliptio-scuminate from a slightly emarginate base, often with 1 or 2 lobate dentitions above the middle (usually on one side only). Pan. usually rather long and lax, pyramidal, with straight rachis and numerous nearly patent few-flowered branches, de <i like the st. except in having still slenderer aciculate pric Sep. attenuate- acuminate, purple with stalked glands, itis 64 Pet. very long and narrow, pointed and cun pork white or slightly pinkish. Stam. white (or reddening ‘we, usually far surpass:ng the styles. In several counties (N, & 3,). B 2
4 KEY TO BRITISH RUBI.
When growing in woods, very similar to R. pallidus W. & N., but readily distinguished from it by its more unequal prickles, acicles and stalked glands and less diffusely branched pan., and also usually by its rounder, less acuminate, less deeply toothed and less cordate-based term. lt. In open sunny places the plant becomes much stouter, its 1. lose their soft hairs, and its broadly pyramidal and nearly naked panicles are enormous. It then recalls the next species and rosaceus.
. R. Durorrieum R. P. Murray, Journ. Bot. 1892, p. 15.-- St. prostrate, bluntly angular, apparently quite glabrous, yellowish on the under side, bright red above, densely clothed with slender acicles, bristles and stalked glands of all sizes. Prickles also remarkably crowded, very. long-based, very slender, declining, faleate and deflexed. L. 5-nate-pedate to 8-nate, subpersistent. Lis. green, subylabrous, acutely doubly incise-serrate, acuminate; term. broadly roundish- ovate or slightly obovate, with long, gradually acuminate point and subcordate base. Pan. lax, with fleauose hairy rachis (armed like the st.) and crowded ultra-axillary rounded top; its lower ]. 5-nate. Dors. °
giving the pan. as a whole a less markedly pyramidal outline than In viridis.
_ So far found only in Dors., though in at least three or four distinet localities and in considerable quantity, and showing no noticeable variation under changed conditions of shade and soil.
R
Mg} ft with many short shining hairs beneath, with acute crowded teeth, which are nearly te 1. but € more compound in the 5-nate ; erm. obovate-acuminate or cuspidate-acuminate, with narrowed - somewhat obtusangular truncate base. Pan. only slightly narrowing above into the conspicuously cylindrical ultra-axillary top, with many longish patent or even divaricate 1-3-flowered branches and sub- sessile term. fl.; the slightly flexuose rachis and the ped. more or less felted above, densely hairy, with many very slender aciculate
KEY TO BRITISH RUBI. 5
A distinct-looking eens ; when fresh appearing just inter- mediate between Rf. ‘longi yrsiger and R. viridis, and frequently growing with the pat see not observed by me with the latter.
77. BR. saxicotus P. J. Muell.—*St. angular, nearly glabrous. L. mostly 5-nate. Lts. with short soft hairs beneath, shining, espe- cially on the nerves; term. broadly ovate, pol ointed. Inflorescence often elongated, lax ; branches often with aggregated ped., densely patent-hairy, furnished vith crowded glands, bristles and acicles. Sep. patent in fr. Pet. narrow, white.” he foregoing is a translation of Dr. Focke’s recently pobtialsed description of this species. Speaking of its distribution in Germany, he adds, ‘‘ The
i i e; but simi
hin
hirtus or Koehleri, are very common.” Plants from Oxf., Suss. and Monm. that he has thus named = me have brownish polished st.,
with very unequal broad-based prickles and acicles and com- veratively few stalked glands, l. greyish green beneath, remarkably hairy pan.-rachis with most of the unequal-stalked glands hidden in the hair, the pan. branches crowded above into a rather narrow; rounded, cylindrical top, with sig distant, few-flowered branches
ona
There is so much differe a opinion amongst us in England as to the distinctive ia tree rat the three next ‘‘ species,” that it seems desirable for me in their case to give a translation of - Dr. Focke’s. BOS
ysl He pt W. & N.?, R. dentatus Blox. ‘‘ (R. glandulosus and R. hybridus inion. mult.).--St. only indistinctly angled near the top, glaucous, sparse ely hairy, densely clad wit unequal weak prickles, glandular bristles and stalked glands. L. 3-nate. Lis. almost equal in size, light green, rather evenly and finely serrate, green and hairy on both sides ; term, elliptic, with a lanceolate or linear- lanceolate mucronate point. Inflorescence short; the lower branch- lets erect-patent, usually 3-flo wered; the upper straggling, 1- flowered; rachides and ped. hairy, with fine acicles, red. with numerous unequal- sabato glands and glandular bristles. Sep. em- bracing the young fr. alter flowering. Pet. narrow, spathulate, a. Stam - fully as ssdrte as the styles. Drupelets glabrous. Fr. small, sromati é." “Tn very few brai mble had Dr. ie ocke regia ‘is the form
in springy gr und.”
rof. Babington’ s fuller description in Brit. Rubi, down to the middle of p. 248, agrees admirably with this; as both do with Welsh specimens of mine, which Dr. Focke refers here as ‘‘ quite
6 KEY TO BRITISH RUBI.
typical,” The 3-nate 1., with large, nearly equal, finely serrate lts., and the very short patent-branched, few-flowered pan., are the most characteristic features.
long, finely aciculate. Stam. scarcely exceeding the styles. L. of the barren st. 3-nate and 45-nate-pedate. Lts. green and hairy on both sides, wnequally serrate ; term. 8-5 times longer than its stalk, yvate, cordate-ovate or oblong-obovate with emarginate base, cuspidate. Rather polymorphic ; chiefly distinguishable by the short stalk of the term. lt.” Mostly confined to wooded hills. Found in great quantity on the hills above Tintern,
onm., by Rev. A. Ley, a small prostrate plant with very long Its. and a markedly flexuose short pan
80. R. airrus W. & K.—« St. prostrate from a low base, more rarely climbing, roundish, only indistinctly angled near the top, more or less hairy, densely covered with stalked glands, glandular bristles and acicles. L. principally 3-nate; in strong shoots mixed with 5-nate ones. ts. coarsely and (in their upper part) often un-
densely hairy on the nerves beneath; term. 3-4 times as long as its
re varying in shape. Flowering branches not seldom sessile, many- flowered ; the normal ones, on the branches of the 2-year-old st.,
‘ ng, white. am. numerous, rather exceeding the styles. Fr. globular, with small drupelets, Very polymorphic and widely distributed . . . the type does not occur in the W. German ranges and Switzerland, but countless indefinable vars, and closely related forms are to be found.”
Hug!. Bot. Suppl. to 8rd ed. pp. 117, 118.—St. deeply striate, hairy e@ qd lini selc] d ariclac) yal] rel; :
*
alrs; term. roundish elliptic, with short point. Pan.-
with long points, ultimately clasping. form in thickets and bushy (where both pan. and lts,
KEY TO BRITISH RUBI. 7
c. Rt. Kaltenbachii Metsch.—St. more angular and deeply striate, with fewer hairs and acicles, many stalked glands and subulate declining prickles. L. more frequently 5- aid Lts. narrower, vbovate-acuminate, almost simply dentate-serrate, but with the larger teeth patent or recurved, an, large, pyramidal, drooping, with
e purplish black, stalked glands. Usually a handsome plant with showy fl. (Glost., Somers.
R. pendulinus P. J. Muell. (Journ. Bot. 1886, p. 284) and R. velatus Lefr. (B. E. C. Rep. 1888, p. 211; 1889, p, 254) would perhaps be best kept out of our list for present. or seems hardly to differ from R. Bellardi except by its red styles, hairy carpels and 8-5-nate 1. The latter is nearer to A. hirtus, aud (as seeoabed by the Rey. A. Ley’s Lyonshall specimen) has obo- vate lts. and a long, leafy, bemmea te pan. with pseudo-umbellate side branches and small pet
Stalked glands of the = sunken, or at least shorter than the diameter of the e ped.
81. Fie TE fos ae P, J. Muell., B. EF. C. Rep. 1888, p. 212; Eng!. Bot., Suppl. 3rd ed., p. 113. Sh sani 8 densely hairy, with many yt short) ee rhe and rery ete unequal,
aciculate prickles and acicles. m . Lts. acutely serrate, green and hairy on both sides ; term: peed elliptic or Beacon acuminate, from nearly entire or subcordate base. either
mply racemose or pseudo-umbellate-racemose below ; % he. sume-
ple even in fr. tam. generally rather shorter th an the styles, longer in flat- county forms.’”’ Heathland nr. Sprowston, in considerable quantity.
At first sight very like f. hirtus, ye one ee from it without difficulty by the far more hairy st., with its very slender aciculate prickles, and by the sunken, blackish, stalked glands on
orf. ;
2. R. orcocuapus Muell. & Lefv.? Rk. fusco-ater Ane ges (in part). ‘Near R. omalodontos Mall.” FT Plym. ; £ Rep. 1891, p. 832.—St. stout, roundish, cen striate, pai
thinly clothed with very short hair and fairly many very short ils port stalked glands. Prickles declining, much compressed ; a few
large. 1. mostly 5-nate-pedate. Lts. rather thick, thinly bars on both sides, grey-green beneath, finely serrate, all usually obovate- cuspidate ; term. broadly obovate-truncate vie? cuspidate or shortly ee gees -acuminate point, from narrow, emarginate or subcordate bas Pan. often long; oaks ultra- aislinv? part either wholly anemic with subsessile term. fl. and ong-pedicelled lateral fl., or with a few 2-3-flowered dieimodiel at the base of the racemose top ; :
8 KEY TO BRITISH RUBI.
the axillary branches distant, long, chiefly racemose; all the creer and ped. grey-felted and hairy, with abundant sunken glands, asional stalked gland about equalling the hair, and rarely a ataied: sipped acicle or two; the prickles mostly few, slender, declini Sep. rather — pointed, = yrey, lousely reflexed in fr. Pet. sie os. obovate cesses ceeding the styles. Woods (Heref. and neighbouring countie Del Strongly recalling R. muer ona but with much hairier st. and pan., and totally different armatur bed Briggsit Blox, fi. prison B: J. Muell.? Journ. Bot.
spi , 176 lis. gibbous and lobed be low. Lite, finely but rather more doubl serrate, rounder and more acuminate; term. long-stalked, roundish ovate, acuminate, with deeply cordate base; lateral very similar. Pan. more branched and — ane above, with oe lts. like those of the st. Sep. mostly ng in fr. Henfield, Suss.; Bickleigh Vale, Dev. Latterly psa by sin Briggs as possibly only a very strongly marked abnormal fo
e. R. Bagnalli Blox. Journ. Rot, 1878, pp. 175, 176.—-Very like var. b., but with somewhat slenderer and more declining subulate prickles, a good many 5-nate-pedate l. with all the Its. remarkubly similar, adr and less hairy; and a narrower pan., Which is less leafy above and has rather ae erect-patent, cake flowered branches. is several places in War
These singular vars. seem (as Mr. Baker suggested in Journ. Bot. 1886, p. 75) to connect this group with R. dwmetorum W. &N.
oup 9. Casm (= coryuironm Focke). — St. creeping climbing from a low arch, glaucous, roundish or Piet pide
large slags Flowering early and lat
xcept some of the plants tbs t go to make up the Scuregete 2 dumetorum (a link between the other Cxsm and the two p sett groups), this is a very natural group of closely
reckoned with feiss V dandnlone brambles, as apparently suggested by Mr. W. now Lord de oy) in his paper in eg Bot. 1870
arren or are better separated from each other and div ed between the KogBLERIANI and Cm
“
- Warren’s lines) appears to me on st convenient.
Ch iefly found in hedges and waste places and on walls Espe- elally shendgiet on clay and chalk soils, where, with R. rusticanus,
*
KEY TO BRITISH RUBI. 9
they usually prevail to the exclusion of most other species. Much
r on gravel an
83. R. pumerorum W. & N. Journ. Bot. 1870, pp. 149-154, 169 -176.—St. usually somewhat angular and hairy, with numerous wn- equal (mostly weengy prickles and some (often many) acicles and stalked glands. 1. chiefly 5-nate-pedate. Lts. thick, acutely and often doubly serrate, green on both sides, paler and softly pubescent or a beneath, mvre or less acuminate and imbricate; bas. sub- sessile. Pa m d; rachis felted and hairy, usually very stronaly armed with unequal prickles, acicles and stalked glands. Sep.
ey-felted, usually erect in fr., but sometimes only patent or loosely reflexed. Pet. large, roundish, hardly clawed, ablally overlapping. Stam. hese: styles.
Separated from species of the Koraterrani and Bretarprant by the oe it bas. lts., large roundish pet. and large drupelets, and generally by a somewhat cesian aspect. Distinguished from other Casu pretty readily by the far more glandular and aciculate st. and pan.-rachis, and further to some extent by the more regular a more compound pan. ; but, it must be owned, the difficulty of ies: mination is sometimes serious enough, and is liable to be not a
hybrid ise. The following appear to be the best marked of the English forms or vars. of this s species :— . ferow Weihe. R. horridus Schultz.—St. subglabrous, gre a good many acicles ‘and stalked glands (mostly short). ick very crowded on ma coma st., straight, much compressed, short-based, cen long slender points. L. almos t wholly 5-nate, broad. Term. It. roundish cbovate since eng stalhel, with truncate- -emarginate or entire base. Pan. usually short, and chiefly contracted into a rather broad rounded top, armed like the st. Sep. ovate, suddenly contracted into a long point, clasping in fr., grey-felted with white margin, Pet. usually pink. St. and pan. remarkably variable in stoutness
+7
ibuted. R. diversion (Lindl.)—Very like R. ferox, but with prickles less crowded, more unequal and longer based, the term. It. less roundish and more shortly coalbel, and so all the lts. more frequently imbricate; while the pan. is usually ‘‘ long, leafy nearly to the top, with very short — os flowered, subracemose branches, often springing from every @ the shoot.” The sep. also are ulti- mately reflexed 1 (though naenity erect for a time) jk the pet. white. Widely distributed, and locally abundant. &. intensus Blox. seems to be a small strongly armed state o . pilosus W. & N.—-All the stems hairy and strongly armed. Prickles subpatent, from compressed bases, long, rather slender, assing gradually into crowded acicles and stalked glands. Pan. leafy nearly to the top; axillary branches longer and more distant than in diversifolius, corymbose, many- flowered. Sep. loosely
10 THE MYCETOZOA OF SOUTH BEDS AND NORTH HERTS)
clasping or erect-patent. ‘‘The only member of the group with distinctly setose-hairy st.” Laie. — Warw. Apparently nearest to diversifolius, but unknown to m R. scabrosus (P. J. Muell.). "R. tuberculatus Bab.--St. bluntly ngular, striate, slightly hairy, with fewer and inconspicuous acicles and stalked glands, a ickles less unequal, with stouter cushion-like bases. L. edate, dou ly dentate-serrate. Term. lt. roundish elliptic ot railed short point ; bas. (of 3-nate 1.) bilobate. an. with corymbose-truncate ultra-axillary top and few-flowered ascending axillary branches. Sep. loosely clasping. Pet. pinkish. Appa are nes saagrart widely distributed, but variable conct aker.—St. rather slender, striate, with few hairs ae very ele: armature; the long prickles and larger acicles with broad compressed bases, the stalked owls and small acieles few. L. chiefly 8-nate. Lts. dark green above, much paler beneath, usually smaller and more finely and requarly serrate than in the other orms ; term. roundish ovate or somewhat obovate- chaoabeldal with very slender cuspidate-acuminate point. Pan. elongate, con- iaaeny: serene rather closely felted, with narrow ultra-axillary top and long distant patent-erect branches below. Sep. patent or
loosely reflex Pet. smaller, pi maller, neater, more felted and less prickly than dive) a ‘approaching much neare to corylifolius, lee still = more glandular, and wie different
A well- marked form, a all events as o occurs in Derb. "Chiefly nde eeH: so far as I have been abe to observe
(To be oy
Taz MYCETOZOA or SOUTH BEDS ann NORTH HERTS. By James SaunpErs.
In continuation of the papers on the flora of South Beds which have appeared in this Journal at intervals for the last ten years, the following list of Mycetozoa is given as a first instalment. The species observed in oe contiguous portions of Hertfordshire are also enumerated. Some hundreds o specimens have been os and a still larger ae have been observed in the field, but o
two or three Stations at most are given for each county for we ubiquitous. forr
a ‘he plasmodium of Badhamia pallida Berk. is referred to by Rev. M.
jer aie as having 8 been noticed by Badham at East Ber ergholt, in March, 1861 (Trans. ae Soc. xxi. t. 19, p. 154). Examination of the e type specimen in the K gear ra proves this to be the same species as Badhamia inaurata 0
THE MYCETOZOA OF SOUTH BEDS AND. NORTH HERTS. LE:
1892, on decayed branches in Caddington. Wood. The plasmodium 3 pale yellow, sometimes showing a greenish hue when creeping yver a lichen-covered surface. It occurs in anastomosing veins,
iti everal
Physarum calidris, which fully confirms Mr. Lister’s former determ1- nation of this a as pe from the very scanty material to
which he previously had acces All the twenty-seven Phin enumerated for Heath near beetles were collected by Miss L. Bassett and. Miss G. List These gatherings a the rare British species Dadhamia sahipincs and Reticularia Rozeana. The species in the following list marked C. C. were collected by Mr. C. Crouch, whose accurate and persistent e
flowering and flowerless _ of S. Beds. The Hertfordshire species marked A. E.G. have been obtained by Mr. A. E. Gibbs F.L.S.; those marked H.E.S. yo Mr. H. E. Seebo hm. Nor should I omit to notice the efforts of my son, who has not only been successful in our joint exentsions, but also in those he has taken independently. ‘‘ Comm ” applies to both ene when no time of fruiting is named, the abide year is inten
As a guarantee of accuracy in naming, it need vet be said that all specimens on which a record is based have been examined by Mr. A. Lister, or by his daughter, Miss G. Lister, to both of whom
my thanks are due for their valuable assistance. Mr. Lister has
also kindly read this aire in MS., and has added one or two localities. Voucher specimens of most t of wee rarer forms have been Gioaced for the British Museum Herbariu
Ceratium hydnoides A. & 8. gona Herts.
Physarum poe OPES (Fr.).
P. nutans Pers. (Tilmadoche ins > ak ). Luton Hoo, Beds ; Hitchin and Gadaaipiot Herts.
P, viride Pers. (Tilmadoche mutabilis Rost.). Heath, Stopsley, Luton Hoo, Beds; Kensworth, Herts.
P. compressum A. S. Luton Hoo; Hitchin Soren and piaemodicene forms from dirty white plasmodium, H. E.
P. calidris List. Very rare. (See Journ. Bot. 1891, " 258).
‘ ting in summer.
Craterium vulgare Dit, Heath, stone pie are Beds. ; Hitchin, Herts. Fruiting in summer autu
C. leucocephalum (Pers.) Rost. Pappewiodk: “Pottery, Beds. Fruiting in autumn.
Leocarpus fragilis (Dicks.) ripe eens ani pee: and Peppet- stock Woods. Fruiting in summer and autum1
Fuligo septica (Link) Gmel. Kitchen tind (C. C.), Luton Hoo, Beds.
12 THE MYCETOZOA OF SOUTH BEDS AND NORTH HERTS.
— panicea (Fr.) Rost. Luton Hoo; Hitchin. Fruiting in summ B. hy one o- ) Berk. Heath, Caddington, Beds. Fruiting in summer and winter. . utricularis (Bull. ) Berk. (plasmodium full yellow). Heath, Caddington. B; —— sea Rost. Heath. Fruiting in winter. urr. (
B. inaura plasmodium pale yellow). “Caddington, rare. Fruiting i in wine.
Didym icrocarpon (Fr.) Rost. Kitchen End (C.C.). Fruiting in ata
me ik & 8.) Fr. Sundon, Luton Hoo, Kitchen Bnd (c. ) \, Cmte Hitchin (H.E.8.), Ayers End (A. E.G.), Herts. Fruiting in summer and autumn. D. _— Schrad. Heath. Fruiting in — subd winter. D. pertusum Berk. Clophill, Beds. Fruiting in au Dinvirodohe difforme a ) Rost. Heath, Ba Hitchin. Fruiting in autumn and winte C. testaceum (Schrad.) Boek (first British record). Stopsley, ee arpa in summer m (Linn.) Rost. Heath, Pepperstock. Fruiting in aan Lepidoderma tigrinum (Schrad.) Rost. Heath. Fruiting in winter. Stemonites a a Roth. Heath, Luton Hoo, Sundon, Beds; Kensworth, Her 8. Gerlginan (Bhrh.). Chalton, Pepperstock, Kitchen End. Fruiting in summer Comatrichia tiiphina (Roth.) Rost. sey pms srt Stopsley ; Hitehin (H. E.8.). Fruiting in summer and a . Friesiana De Bary. Heath, Leagrave, Ceapenan ll Ayers End (A. E.G.). Fruiting in summer and autumn _ Lamproderma physarvides (A. & 8.) Rost. Heath. Fruiting in
L. irideum (Cke.) Mass. Hitch
Enerthenema — (Pers. Yt ‘Rost. Caddington, Luton Hoo. Fruiting in sum
Tubulina cylindri ica (Bull.) DC. Kitchen End (C.C.). Fruiting in summer.
Enteridinin token (Ehr.). Heath. Fruiting in winter
oe oe aoe ) Nees. Luton Hoo, Chalton. Fr uiting in summer and autum
Cribraria ‘diaatines Schrad. and C. argillacea Pers. ese aig slate coloured). Heath, Luton Hoo. Fruitin g in spring and su
Ret pecs lycoperdon Bull. Luton Hoo. Fruiting in summer. : na Rost. (See Journ, Bot. 1891, 263). Heath. Fruiting in spri os Trichia fallax Pers. Heath, Sundon, near Luton, Luton Hoo
T. fragilis (Sow.) Rost. ‘Heath, alba Bricket Wood, Ayers End (A. E.G.), Herts. Fruiting i in autum ' . seabra Rost. Sewell, Beds. Fruiting in phic umn.
I’. varia Pers. Heath, near Luton, Leagrave. Fruiting in
TWO NEW BRITISH RUBI. 18
autumn. — v. nigripes. Wheathampstead, Herts. Fruiting in spring. T. contorta (Dit.) Rost. Rare. Caddington, Beds. Fruiting in spring.
T. affinis De Bary. Heath, Sundon, near Luton ; a stead, Harpenden, Kensworth, Ayers End (A. E G.). Fruiting 1 spring.
T. Jacktt Rost. Heath, Pepperstock, near ey someone and Zouches Woods, Herts. Fruiting in autumn and w
Pr foricka. ‘flagellifer (B. & “Br r.) Rost. Thesis: Fruiting in winter.
Hemiarcyria eee pice Rost. Kitchen End (C.C.), Barton Springs, Beds. ting in spring an autumn. — Var. Neesiana. Barton Spriniges: a Feniliels in autumn.
H. intorta List. Hitchi
H. clavata (Pers.) Rost. "Wheathampstead. Fruiting in spring.
A mas nat Pers. Common. Frui in in autumn.
summer. A. incarnata Pers. ee spare — Caddington, Beds ; ee Herts. Fruitin utum
oo ans (Bull.) Grev. “Caddiagtia Luton Hoo. Fruiting in sum
“y ‘hse Sauter. Heath. Fruiting in winter
Lycogala epidendrum (Buxb.). Luton Hoo, Kitchen End (C.C.), Sharpenoe, Beds. Fruiting in summer
The sent etge A iaiuee were oe in the New Forest, Hants, August, 1
Physarum asap Fr.
Stemonitis ferruginea Kbrh. var. microspora.
Trichia fallax Per
Lycogala poet ay um Buxb.
The Hants notes having been made after a long period of dry weather, will account for the fewness of the species, The list would doubtless be largely extended if a visit to the same locality were made in the autumn or winter The most noteworthy record is that of Stemonitis — on which see note by Mr. A. Lister in Journ. Bot, 1891, 2
TWO NEW BRITISH RUBI. By rue Rev. Aveustin Ley, M.A..
Rubus acutifrons, n. sp. — References: Botanical Exchange Club Reports, 1890, p. 294; 1891. pp. 331, 352; sub nomine fi. Lintoni Focke.—Stem, when growing in open woods, forming a low
14 TWO NEW BRITISH RUBI.
lobate in the upper half, with long. acuminate point. Ordinar
pointing teeth. Petioles with many slender acicles stalked glands, few slender declining prickles, and short. hair. Stipu short. linear, fringed with stalked s. Panicl , com- pound, very lax but with the flowers remarkably aggregated ; lower ches racemose-corymbose, interm cymose or pseudo- umbellate ; corymbos : 8S Wavy, any slender
ve. . Rae deflexed prickles, stalked glands and patent hairs, especially in the upper part; slightly felted, but not grey with felt. Sepals ovate cuspidate-acuminate, clothed and coloured like the rachis, dark, with pale margins, strongly ascending after the petals fall, Petals
Habitat.—Woods. Not noticed in hedges, or in the open country, Loealities—Rigg’s Wood, Sellack ; Coldborough Park Wood, Yatton; H: ood, Mordiford ; Belmont Woods, Here
radius of ten or twelve miles: the plant is abundant, and retains its characters well in each of them. I have had it under observation now for five seasons.
From the above description it will be seen that this plant approaches f, Lintoni Focke, especially in the shape of the leaves, and the iba clothing of the rachis. I considered it to be R
Lintoni whe t found it; and a reference to the Exchange Club Reports will show that Prof. Babington partly concurred in this opinion. The resem lance, however, is main d
series of this plant, submitted to Dr. Focke in the autumn of 1892, elicited from him the following remarks, which he has kindly allowed me to make publie :—
" yus sent agrees very well indeed with a plant I have Besides the difference of colour in the petals, I see not the least appreciable difference. I think, there- fore, that I know the plant, but I know no name... In my
ynopsis Rub, Germ., published in 1877, I mentioned it (p. 861) under R. Betckei; but as that is a very local and little known form which has not been identi i will not be advisable to make use of this name,”
oe e Rev. W, M. Rogers Suggests an affinity in our plant to R, tiridis Kalt,; and in this suggestion Dr. Foeke concurs,
"WO NEW BRITISH RUBI. 15
' Rubus ochrodermis, n. sp.—feferences: Botanical Exchange Club Reports, 1889, pp. 257, 258; 1890, p. 294; 1891, p. 330.—
often branching, ochreous, becoming dark brown-red in exposure, bluntly angular, striate, hairless or nearly so. Prickles many, un-
r
axillary part, and long ascending racemose branches below
ternate or single, much like those of the stem but more coarsely 8
xternally, acicles and plentiful stalked glands, conspicuously grey-felted internally. Petals white or pinkish, narrow, il. Stamens
LW ford; Wareham Wood, near Hereford. These stations all lie Herefordshire, and within a radius of ten miles. Wood border at
to any variation. Queried by Dr. Focke in 1885 (in lit,), ‘‘ mucro- matus Blox., I think’’; but upon insufficient and too advanced specimens. Upon a series of specimens submitted to him in the autumn of 1892, he notes, ‘A rewarkable form, unknown to me.
Other opinions upon ant can be seen at the places referred to above; but after watching it in the growing state for seven or eight seasons, I can say with some confidence that it cannot without violence be brought under any of the plants whose names have been as yet suggested for it.
16 FURTHER NOTES ON HIERACIA.
I wish, in conclusion, to acknowledge the great assistance which I have received from the Rev. W. Moyle Rogers in drawing up the above descriptions.
FURTHER NOTES ON HIERACIA NEW TO BRITAIN. By Freperick J. Hansury, F.L.S.
(Concluded from vol. xxx., p. 370.)
lis from the Misses Thompson, who have thoroughly worked up the Hieracium flora of the district, with the request that I would name
commutatum Beck. x Eupatorrum Griseb. (?). — I have not personally seen the above in the fresh state, but, judging from the
fine series of specimens recently given me by the Rey. Augustin Ley, have little doubt but that this determination will prove to be
; Pp
occupied some twenty yards of the hedgebanks, and there were
many hundred specimens. It appeared distinct from both, yet :
de, and slightly bosum, in the darker
in the stem, which was less hairy. colouring of the whole plant, in the stiff whitish hairs of the stem,
FURTHER NOTES ON HIERACIA. 17
and the dark green involucre; the branches of the panicle less 3 neta ; = at of the plant was about 2-3 ft., while that of ee 1-2 ft. m the above it will be seen that the
leaves ny penn 3 the latter. It is suggested that it is a hybrid between the tw o the above remarks I would only add that there is no question as to its connection with H. commutatum boreale), cages the absence of crowding in the leaves, their harsher text ominent veining, and the less broadly heart-shaped characte er of those in the upper portion appear to me very dis- tinctive. The phyllaries, too, are rather longer and more acute, and, as far as I can judge from dried specimens, the styles are less livid, and the ligules of a deeper yellow than in H. commutatum, I am only sorry that Mr. Ley did not dry nate specimens of the two supposed parents, but coed “o can Sanat do another season ; the extraordinary range o tion in both species renders the acquisition of this sdaitional oiliedtss sii desirable. conleude this paper with brief references to several well- marked opie sete require further investigation before it would be wise to giv w names, distinguishing ‘them by letters Pane They are Bag of the closest afiontton and to most, I cann doubt, it will ultimately be found necessary to give specific ee varietal rank. For someI had already provided names, intending to publish them among the ste ile The prolonged frost of last winter, however, destroyed many of my most recently collected plants. Hieracia as a rule are hardy enough, but being recently moved and not having developed sufficiently long rootlets they were lifted out of the ground and killed, thus stopping for the present all further opportunity of studying their ate ~ite of comparing hehe other species grown under similar cond As they collected from widely sip ieated districts, I pan rely on the kind. ness of son Seer to replace some of my lost forms. : ed to the Rev. H. E. Fox for the only specimens I possess of a pla sent in August, 1890, from Dollywaggon Pikes, Cumberland. The notes I made on receiving the fresh specimens are insufficient to ipa Sn me to give a full description at present, but the following characters will serve to distinguish it pending further particulars. Stem from 15 to 20 inches high, both radical and cauline leaves rather anglicum-like, though the latter are stalked; but differing entirely from that species in the inflorescence. The heads, 3 to 7 or more in number, are borne on slender, arcuate, densely setose and sparingly floceose peduncles, the involucre is almost black with sete, the phyllaries long and very acute. The ligules are quite glabrous. In the stronger plants the radical leaves are coarsely and acutely ow at the base like those of the variety acutifolium of H. anglicum Fr. The stem, whilst appearing glabrous, or nearly so, rs ah naked pear is scabrid with minute rough bristles and setw, and sparingly floccose. Journat or Borany.—Vou. 31. [Jan. 1898.] c
18 FURTHER NOTES ON HIERACIA, A very interesting plant, found by Mr. H. C. Hart and
myself in July, 1891, on the grassy banks of the Carrick River, Co. Donegal, scarcely above sea level. It appears to be intermediate
e base, and the phyllaries so abnormall long, narrow and very
acute, overtopping the y buds to the extent of making them appear nearly double their true length, that it is very doubtful if it e to that species at all. . Whi no further
foliisque caulinis basi incisis, etc. Observatione maxime dignum!”’ d. A plant found by Dr. White at Loch Lubnaig, Perthshire, on the 27th August, 1891. Excepting that the involucres are very
mens. The further discovery that some of Mr. Beeby’s Shetland Hae Hill, near Brae, are certainly . greatly strengthens the supposition Piet 18 one form occurring over a large portion of Great the Tai ary equally clear now that this must be separated from
ain plant, and, should further investigation prove it to belong
FURTHER NOTES ON HIERACIA. 19
to H. buglossoides Arvet-Touvet, I shall gladly adopt this name; but if not, the name suggested above would be suitable
Since the publication of the name H. caniceps in the last -esstery number of this Journal, I find that Norrlin has orestalled me in the use of thi I therefore suggest Hieracium rivale as a suitable substitute, having nearly always found the species by small rocky streams. I may here mention, as a coincidence, that Norrlin described a Hieracium under the name Hieracium proximum, a few weeks after my description of that
euprepes there spoke of the peduncles as ‘ divaricate.”’ e are remarkably upright, and form a very acute angle with the axis in th ch specimens, but in some of the robust and dwarf
Welsh plants, a drawing of one of which I had before me when writing, they are widely spreading. The close upright panicle,
made this genus a special study, the number of new forms described may seem excessive. If, however, the careful work Mr.
similar work done by a large number of our best critical botanists over much wider areas and during quite as many years, it will not appear surprising that a large number of new forms have been
b say that even with this large accession of new names, I have many individual specimens for which it is.still difficult to find a resting-
8 To the list of kind friends enumerated at the beginning of this paper, I wish to add the name of Dr. W. A. Shoolbred, and to again thank all for their continued help during the past season. c2
20
SHORT NOTES.
Do Narvrat Hysrips exist ?—I had overlooked the fact of Mr.
C. B. Clarke’s having again agit to the hybrid question in the Journal for last November (p. 822), in his paper on Holoschenus Link. His first objection I deny; experimental proof has been furnished, in many cases. His second objection carries very much more weight ; but the question of what a subspecies is (supposing ‘“‘subspecies’”’ to be —_ than an expression) complicates that part of the subject, and one hardly knows what one has to meet. T should not, for exam eahil cme as a hybrid the sapiviieg of a species and of a variety of that species. As bearing on this matter, I may perhaps be allowed to mention a striking object-lesson. While the Rev. E. F. Linton was staying with me last August, we found growing upon a railway-bank near Witley, Surrey, several plants ‘tntene a te between Verbascum nigrum and V. Thapsus; these two species occurring at the same spot. Now, I had carefully searched this same locality in vain for oe rig Sm in a
and am certain that they did not then exist. He would be
bold man who should — out the fe sopposed patents to be “subspecies ” of one aggregate; and I do not think that any unprejudiced person en doubt that the EE rsediate was the product of fertilisation between them. Why not, then, call them (what in point of fact they are) hybrids? Simila rly, I had allowed Epilobium lanceolatum and EF. roseum (besides ss other species) to spread rather freely in my garden. This summer there appeared for the first time two or three specimens _— Sealed
ing for the phenomena. Had I found the plants in a wild condition, the evidence would doubtless have been rhe “satisfactory ; ; but I should have felt justified, by a somewhat intimate acquaintance wi e two species, in naming them as above. I may add that the true species always retain their individoaity, | and can, when once known, be distinguished at a glance.—Epwar HAL
Sanrx Moorzt, Lond. Cat., iw Forrarsume.—In connection with Messrs. Linton’s paper on Scottish willows (Journ. Bot. 1892, 58), I me ae that , which I collected in
CaREX RHYNCHOPHYSA IN eon i «= Lloyd Praeger has been fortunate enough to add this well-marked species to our Flora; he found it last August in coanky Armagh. A description and plate will appear in our next number
ASPLENIUM LANCEO Kerr came across a fair maount of this fern last wicatiod: not dae an the village of Camp,
SHORT NOTES. 21
Tralee Bay, the locality being about a mile from the sea. This is most probably an addition to the Flora of Kerry; for though the
ivee castles last summer failed to discover the plant, while Mr. More tells me he has seen no previous pa a Stesae— ie en sari intermingled with A. Adiantum-nigrum. lan see unaccountably rare in Ireland, its only oie pence locality jon about Kinsale, Co. Cork.—— - W. Se
Ro Thi at a time when little was known of Drejeri in og and a good description was not available. Mr. Rogers has since informed me that the plant in question must certainly go to R. fuscus Readers are aaa to make this correction in their copies of the Journal._—Jam HITE
SS) HIRE Rusi.—Lit us MA as wie i at the brambles of this county since Leighton worked at them; consequently, with the advance made since his day in he knowledge of the tg there i .
In ome wood, called Vales Wood, near Ruyton XI owns I tant ver a dozen erent Rubi, including A. opacus Focke, growing vary oe from 3-7 ft. ee: R. ere: Genev., R. Pyne
n mis- taken for Weihe and Nees’ plant ; and I understand that Leighton was in frequent ocifintateses nent Bloxam over Rubi, when pre- paring the county Flora. Fok a similar reason I may state that I found R. villicaulis Koehl., near Crosemere ; the plant so named in the Flora having probably been R. pyramidalis Kalt. The Mere district does not seem to be at all rich in brambles, eae in one paee a sandy piece of waste land between Crosemere and ti where besides R. villicaulis, R. plicatus, R. fissus, and som osha flourished, including a plant Gene to R. ip aliiccoms Gelert, for which I have no name.—Epwarp F. Linton. THE supposED ASPLENIUM ACUTUM FROM THE Mourne Movn-
aIns.—The recent paper on the botany of these paar oe: referred to at p. 31, contains the following interesting note :—
“* Asplenium Adiantum-nigrum var. y. acutum Bory.—In a dark cave among the mountaing of Mourne ogres Herb. Oxon. ; also Ri Synopsis (Filia minor longifolia, &c.). We are glad to ‘be able ‘to correct an error of long s standing i in regard to this fern. The plant which was collected by Sherard in the Mourne Mountains in 1694, and of which fronds are preserved in the Herbarium Sloaneanum in the British Museum, and the Sherardian herbarium at Oxford, was not an Asplenium, but a beautifully-divided plumose barren form
22 SHORT NOTES.
of Athyrium Filia ne closely resembling the form known t pteridologists as Kalothrix. The frond in Herb. Sloaneanum Sask 00, p. 52) [sent by Sherard] is figured in Plukenet’s Phytographia (p. [t.] 282, fig. 8), and described by Petiver in = Sarge (p. 250), the locality of West Indies, which is given on the page mentioned, being corrected in the Mantissa (p. 78, a 4) to ‘ex Hibernia.’ Ray (Historia ler. vol. ill., p. 79, 1704) gives the mountains e Mourne, in Co. Down, as the place where the specimen above Reha was obtained, Plukenet’s figure an description being quoted. In the third edition of Ray’s Synopsis (1724) the editor, Dillenius, ee (p. 127) that the fern may be cave-grown form o tes en m Adiantum m-nigrum, oe view is
ich longifolia.’ With yee to the specimen in the She rardian herbarium at Oxford, Mr. G, C. Druce kindly informs us that it labelled, Henn in ye mountains of Mourne in ye county o of
mens, and probably of nearly contemporaneous date. Sibthorp, when — at Oxford (1784-1795), labelled this specimen Aspleni Adiantum-nigrum L. The British Museum specimen, which '. Ll. P. [Mr. Praeger] has examined, is practically OI with the Kalothrix form of Athyrium —— Samina, and with
xford specimen. Professor Vines writes ‘I have compared the enclosed (a cultivated frond of Kalothrix) with the Sherardian specimen from the Mourne Mountains, and have no hesitation in saying that they are identical, excepting the differences that are to be referred to the fact that one plant is wild and the other culti- vated. The Sherardian specimen is certainly ‘ Kalothriz,’ i,e., & barren plumose form of Athyrium Filix-femina.’’
Hieractum Sommerrentn Lindeb., var. tactum (Journ. Bot. 1892, 367). This form should, in my opinion, be treated as a separate species. My cultivated specimens remain practically indistinguish- able from the wild ones, but differ ie! materially from Perthshire H. Sommerfeltii, grown side by side with them, and from Lin berg’s types. When the Seacrest of the granitic hills of Scotland have been thoroughly examined (which is at present very far from —— e case), Thave little doubt that this plant _ be found
im various parts of the country.—Epwarp ase
AGURUS ovaTUS IN JERsey (Journ. Bot. ee 877). —I notice that Lagurus ovatus ig oor as an addition to the J ersey Flora. I found it in the sa e locality in 1877, and recorded it in Science Gossip. Subsequently I found that it owed its origin to the misplaced zeal of a botanist who scattered seed of this pretty Guernsey grass on the sands near St. Ouen’s bay. ere was a good patch of it when I saw it, which was, I .deliers, the year after the seed had been sown.—G. Cnaaing. Dru
SEEDLINGS. 82
New Witts Puants.—The following additions to the Flora o Wilts have been verified. > am responsible for the localities against which no name is plac
New for the County. ~aiereniien 1 collinun, established at 2, near Devizes, Lev. A.C. Smith. Rubus adscitus, 11, East Knoyle; Pyrus communis, 5, Grimstead ; 11, tos mre Senecio aquaticus b. pinnatifidus, 5, Clarendon. Carduus crispus var. litiyiosus, 10, Whadd ampanula rapunculoides established at 8, Godford, for i of twenty years; origin unknown; Ff’. O. Earney. Cal-
na Erica a. glabrata, 5, Grimstead, Harney; b. incana, 5, Grim- rate Earney. Gentiana ‘Paauninenths, 6, Pitton, Miss Henderson.
germanica, 11, Mere Down, Rev H. Linton. Mentha sativa a. rivalis, 2, 8. Wraxall, - C. pier “4 Heytesbury. b. paludosa, 5, Grimstead. M. gentil tensa d. Melissa officinalis estab-
lished at 5, Whitopaiades: * a Sneha, 2, Clyffe Pypard. Rev. E.. H. Goddard ; 5, Gchostand a; Durnford ; 10, Broad Chalke ; owle. EHpipactis media, 5, Grimstead, Henderson. Juncus compressus, 8, Codford, Harney. Agropyron repens b. barbata, 4, Ham and se ilto n Foliat, Druce. Piluwaria globulifera, 6, Hamptworth. yew for Wilts, North.— Fumaria densiflora, hi near Chilton Pola Druce. Myposotis eases 4, ee Foliat, Druce. M. ensis b. umbrosa, 2, Bishopstone, sero for Wilts, South. Nanri stein; 10, Britford, arciin s Medicago denticulata, 5, Farley, Henderson (in confirmation of : Bot.). Vicia Bobartii, 10, Alderbury. Rosa spherica, 6, Clateti: don; 9, Semley, Rev. W. M. Rogers. Bartsia Odontites a. verna, _ 6, Milford; 7, Stratford. b. serotina, 5, Grimstead; 6, Ford; 7, ; i Kno
specially indebted to Mr. J. G. Baker, Mr. Arthur Bennett, and the Rev. W. Moyle Rogers, for critical help in naming.—Epwarp J. Tatum
Rosa rnvotuta Sm., iv Somerser.—In June last I fortunately found aie bushes of this rose, which I had never gathered before, in a field-hedge not far from Dulverton. It is believed that the plant had not been previously observed in the county of Somerset, although recorde a in ah ihe Sat Botany for both divisions of Devonshire.—James W. Wut
SEEDLINGS.
i isie bi to our Knowledge of Seedlings. By the Right Hon. Sir Jonn Lussoox, Bart., M.P., &c. London: 18 892. Kegan Paul, Treas. Triibner & Co. 8vo , Vol. L., pp. viii, 608 ; Vol. IL., pp. 646. With 684 figures in ‘the text. Price £1 16s.
We have our ‘‘ Genera Plantarum,” our Prodromi, and ma
ny monographs besides, but these deal only with the plant that has reached maturity. There are also divers works and papers more or
24 SEEDLINGS.
include descriptions of individua ention some particular phase of t ubject; but hitherto we d no general systematic account of the early stages in the life of flowerin
Pp are nearly 1200 containing descriptions of the seedlings, and often also of the seeds an minati i
arrangement of which the author has adopted. A copious biblio- graphy occupies 40 pages, and to complete the whole is a full index of all the species referred to in the text.
To botanists who frequent the Linnean Society or read its Journal, the introduction will already be familiar. It consists in fact of several of the author’s papers already published by the Society, now revised and arranged in one chapter, and a very interesting one it makes. In it Sir John discusses at some length the form and size of cotyledons and attempts to explain their great variety by corresponding variations in the shape of the seed, or diffi- culties in the way of escape during germination.
ome may question the value of these explanations, at any rate as regards the general principle that the form of the cotyledon is eae by the form of the seed and its arrangement or position ¢ erein Bt Yee o ° 41 rae ay pee Se 1: ¢¢ ya aes ar
the cotyledons and not only the adult leaves of the plant, but in many cases also those immediately following the seed-leaves, and so extended a series of observations bearing on the subject cannot but be welcome. The forms of cotyledons are, as Klebs observes, and as anyone may see by glancing through the present work, on the whole much simpler than those of the later leaves, and Klebs
characteristic of the species in bygone ages, a more generally applicable explanation is that applied by Goebel to stipules, namely, that they are “ simplifi y arrest.”’ en, however, we consider the multifarious duties of the cotyledon, sometimes serving merely as a storehouse of food-material for the growing seedling, some- times as an organ for bringing into solution and absorbing the highly condensed and often comparatively insoluble food-stuff of the
like Streptocarpus, Cyc ,» and many of the Qnagraries, assuming the size, form and importance of an ordinary foliage-leaf—whe take 18 Into consideration, we must surely admit that the
universal foliage of deciduou
time had differentiated them into their present varied forms.”’ Sir John does at any rate show evidence that in ce tain cases certain
SEEDLINGS. 95
causes and effects are co-related; that, for instance, an emarginate or lobed cotyledon is often coincident with a smaller or greater in- growth at the chalaza; that narrow cotyledons are often present, where for some reason there is not an easy exit from the seed; and
in the endosperm, they would probably have never got free, but been torn from the axis, as does actually happen in a species of dnona figured on p. 104. Even supposing that many of the theories were not wonderfully suggestive, and that every explana- tion were untenable, we should still have about a thousand pages
each family is an so toduaboree Seay in which are described the forms of fruit, seed and embryo occurring therein, and also of the cotyledons observed among the seedlings. Where possible, both
Chaeuhes oe heiri, Al aie Ded at Hesperis nivea, Conringia perfoliata, Camelina sativa, Biscutella didyma, Lepidium graminifolium and spinosum, Iberis corifolia and wee tenella; and with slight modification, dithionema gracile and Iberis Lagascana ; the second type with bro ad and emuarginate cotyledons is ‘almost as widely distributed catch eon the Order Fundamental differences sometimes occur, even between species of a genus. Thus ere is a striking contrast between ogi of a hypogeal and epigeal nature: in the former they are fleshy, PSR and fill the seed in which they cuales serving merely as a store of food for the wabrie © seedling, while in the latter
green, and loo and penaxe like an ordinary eaf. Clematis recta,
leading types: seedlings with et and seedlings with sub- terranean cotyledons ; Rhus Thunbergiana is a good example of the latter, and Rhus typhina of the former. The same is noticed among the Ph aseolew, where the genera Phaseolus and Hrythrina both supply species illustrative of each class; but here the aerial cotyledons are not strictly foliaceous, remaining pale and fleshy and often turned to one side of the stem. ‘The horse-chestnut is in-
26 SEEDLINGS.
teresting in this respect. Asa rule, when the cotyledons remain in the seed, the hypocotyl is undeveloped and the seed remains on or beneath the soil; moreover, the first few leaves are reduced to scales, and it is not until the stem has reached a fair height that spreading foliage-leaves are produced. In the horse-chestnut, however, the hypocotyl grows considerably, carrying up the seeds from which the fleshy cotyledons do not escape, while the first pair of leaves are digitately five-foliolate, though it is hard to say whether, as Sir John suggests, the growth of the hypocotyl is acne by the high development of the first leaves, or r the igh development results from the elevated position in
bie. ig t and ai shar peculiarities in germination are figured or ieastiied. ok sketch of Medicago orbicularis shows nine seedlings emerging from a single —— eyes _~ and twelve to sixteen ne fruit are not in- panini the competition must be \ equally severe in Yetragonia, wher wh ~ the fruit also fails to burst, and t
germination, when the radicle pierces the lower valve, while the upper is raised by growth of the hypocotyl and w) cotyledons. In the Brazil nut (Ber tholletia ‘iit and the nearly allied Lecythis Zabucajo, there is some doubt as to the nature of the fleshy undivided mass which fills the large seed; from a comparison with other genera its homology with the hypocotyl is in- ferred, the plumule being borne at one end and the radicle at the other; the
the plumule and radicle emerge re- speedo from opposite ends of the eed. In Valerianew and Dipsacee, waiare the solitary seed never leaves the — the latter is pinned to the soi ing germination by growth of the padicls through the epigynous in- Hn a further purchase is often 1. a swelling in the h Scabiosa atroprpure, Germina- cotyl (ef. fe. 1), whisk: mowers ti caucasica, seems to have lost its function, as it also penetrates the membranous involucel. The
peg which keeps the fruit beneath the soi cabiosa australis vividly recalls that described by M. Flahault in seve ucur- itaces, and figured by Darwin in the Movements of Plants (p. 102,
SEEDLINGS. 27
fig. 62). Dipsacus ferox has a very similar fruit, but no hypocotyledonary peg ; and it was found that 98 to 100 per cent. of the seedlings carry up the fruit in germination (fig 2).
A subject full of interest is the growth of the cotyledons after emerging from the seed. Often they remain sm d insignificant and soon perish; in other cases they may grow con- siderably, as for instance in Crucifers like the radish or cabbage, but still retain more or less of their original shape, and show not the slightest relation to the form or appearance of the later eaves. In some Cucurbitacee and a number of Crucifere, the cotyledons, though entire in the seed, beco
——o
apparently sometimes due to a group of water ita seit stomata at the apex, which causes there a retar- Germination. x 3. dation of growth compared with that of the base
and sides. This is the case in Sisymbrium officinale and also in Galium Aparine (fig. 3) and G. saccharatum.
Fic. 3. Galium Aparine. A, young seedling. B, a few days older. x2. Very e are cases like Gunnera chilensis and Loasa, where the cotyledons, though totally different in form, possess in the one case the pubescence and ciliation, in the other the stinging hairs so characteristic of the leaves; the stellate scales of Hleagnus and Hippophaé appear directly above the cotyledons, and in Eleaynus angustifolia invade their petioles. In Sarraceniacex the cotyledons
28 SEEDLINGS,
after germination increase “soso in meted in eis to their width, while the reverse obtai me Crucifers ; in the Crassu-
are also succulent like the lea In some species of Elaocarpus (inate) the — grow considerably thus, in F. oblongus they ar about 6 cm. long and 2°5 em. wide near the aes larger in fact thar the leaf felioetnits ; they are —_ Mra persistent, like the true leaves, which they resemble in appea
But the most interesting and peculiar case of subsequent growth is that which obtains in several genera of Onagraries, especially Clarkia (fig. 4), Eucharidium, and some species of (nothera,
El Fem SSS
Fie. 4, Clarkia pest ear _ Seedling 17 da 1d. ys o x 2. The original cotyledon is easily distinguished at the apex of the subsequent growth. é
where an intercalary growth supervenes at the b f Pitcore » Which ine bi ogee nth venes at the base of the original alli
; d Ler leaves, The eietanl sks ito remains almost unchanged a ee apex , from which it is sometimes
s b uch ies leaf, and the single sobyheiien: of
Cyclamen behaves in the same w sh way, while the hypocotyl becomes pe well-known, fleshy, persistent rootstock, i shoes @ quite
exceptional cases an after- growth brings out a rela- - tion not previously manifest between the seed-leaves and
iflora 5), especially where the latter
ouerneicrele as seen in the
ure ledons are ‘pe Beard in i first
reduced to phyllodes.
we may call attention to the marked difference between the coty- ledons and fir st leaves re-
garis) (fig. 6), and the Bard- field Oxlip (P. elatior) (fig. 7).
These few examples must suffice to give an idea of the scope of the-book and the amount of information
a) oo m oO aT <4 oO i} wn er
ried o fain admit that cotyledons aad their ways are very W derful, while the asians
SEEDLINGS,
Fie. 6. Primula vulgaris.
Seedling,
nat. size.
Fie. 7.
Primula elatior.
29
SeedTing, nat. size.
\7r
80 BOOK-NOTES, NEWS, ETC.
student will welcome, perhaps not a solution,—that, we fear, is still a great way off,—yet a solid contribution towards the means for solution of the problem involved in the form of the seed-leaves and its relation to those which follow
A. B. Renpte.
ARTICLES oH JOURNALS.
Annals - ieee “Hag ).—C. A. Barber, ‘Nematophycus Storriei,’ sp. n. (2 plates).— Peale: : Developmen of frond of Champia parvula Acree the Carpospore (1 plate).—-K. Goebel, ‘ The simplest form of Moss’ (1 plate.)—-T. Johnson, ‘ Stenogramme interrupta’ (1 Ope). <q B. any, ‘A drift-seed Lote tuberosa)’ (1 ome
‘ Cause of a hsamppcen action at a distan Gran Thorns of Randia etorum. _Td., ; Minsteons Swat ar Nelumbium.’—-Id., ‘ “ul of Petrosavia.’—J. ©. Willis, ‘ Distri- bution of seed in
Bot. Cent aie “Gos, Sy — W. Scharf, ‘ Beitrige zur Anatomie ier Hypoxideen’ (No. 50).—F. Hock, ‘ Begleitpflanzen der Buche’ (No. i Hars sgirg, . Neue biologische Mit-
theilungen.’ (No. 52).—T. Loesener, ‘ Zur Mateangelegenheit.’
a , Magazine (Tokio) —(Nov. 10). Millettia purpurea Yatabe,
Bot. Notieer (haft. 6).—B. Jonsson, ‘Inre blodning hos vaxten.’ —-R. Sernander, ‘ Ytterligare nagra ord om substratets hetydelse for lafvarne.’—— . Kindberg, Timmia arctica, sp. 0
Bot. Zeitung (Nov. 25, Dec. 18).—H. Rehsteiner, ‘Zur Entwick-
: lungsgeschichte der Frucht- oe einiger Gastromyceten
Gardeners’ Chronicle (Dec. 10).—Costus unifolius N. E. Br r., 0. 8p. (Dec. 17). Disa Povehe Kranzlin, sp.n.— (Dec. 24). Asystasia varia N. E. Br.,
Trish Naturalist (Dee. 1).—G. E. Barrett-Hamilton & OC. B. Moffatt, ‘ Characteristic Plants of Wexford.’
Journal de remarques sur le genre Myriotrichia.’—(Dee. 15 . H. Au ua, ‘ ang gonatum et Auliconema.’—Hue, ‘Lichens de Canisy.’—(Dee. 15).
e Lagerheim & N. Pato uillard, ‘ Sirobasidium, nouveau genre a Hymenomyeties hétérobasidigs
Journ. R. aes oscopical Soc. an W West, ‘ Algw of English Lake District’ (2 plates).
Midland atti (Dec.).-W. Mathews, ‘County Botany of Worcester’ (cont.)
Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift. (Dec.).—P. Ascherson, ‘ Zur Pager eos der Kinwanderung von Galinsoga parviflora. —E. Halacsy ‘ Beitrige zur Flora der Balkanhalbinsel’ [Rebbiaplelice Thasius, sp. n.), (conel.).—A. v. Degen, ‘ Campanula lanata Friy.’-— L.
_Adamovie, ‘ Beitrage zur Flora yon Siidostserbien
BOOK-NOTES, NEWS, ée.
Tue Botanical Gazette for November reprints from the Journal of American Folk-lore a long and interesting list of popular
OBITUARY. 81
American plant-names, compiled from various. trustworthy sources y Mrs. Fannie D. Bergen. It is intended as a preliminary to a complete collection of these names, which it is hoped may do for the United States wine the Dictionary of English Plant-names has done for iB Britai
Mes St oe and R. Lloyd Preger have published in the tareer eee of the Royal Irish Academy (8rd Series, ii., No. 2) a full and interesting ‘Report on the Botany of the Mour. - Moun- tains, Co. Down,” from which we make an extract on p. 2 The nomenelatore is somewhat odd: e. g., ‘* Lepidium smithii ‘(Linn }
Tue price of the Kew Bulletin has been raised to fourpence monthly. The contents of the November number are entirely economic.
NEW magazine, to be oe be to Orchids, is announced to AppeAE on the Ist of Janu There are already a large number of Sunday newspapers, bk a Sunday Oke of this class is a novelty, and, as it seems to us, an undesir
chid Revi
Messrs. R. A. Rolfe and F. Leslie. Mr. Rolfe’s connection with
ill be of great advantage to the new venture, and the “e ere of Orchids,” which have appeared somewhat out of place in the Kew Bulletin, ath no do ubt form an important and appro- sei Prete of The lew’,
A new monthly magazine, to be called Hrythea, will begin with the new year. It will be under the direction of members of the Botanical Department = -_ University of California, the editor ete Mr. —— L. Jep:
obse T Grate a note that “ the statements respecting
[its] aonctetneahip that have appeared in the Journal of Botany
and elsewhere are entirely imaginary and incorrect.’”’ The point is
one of the very slightest importance, but, so far as we are con- i
OBITUARY.
We greatly regret to record i death of CurisrorpHer Parke
mitH, an authority of prominence in the study of British Muse. ne@, especially Hepati ce. He was born at Brighton on the 18th October, 1835, and began to work at botanical subjects (at first flowering plants) in 1858, the year of ar \bout twelve yeas = this date he acquired the herbarium of the late Mr. E. Jen A.L.S., and particularly after this ric) congas himself with ‘Gatbvlikinah to botanical pursuits. His ur and energy as a collector brought him te communication ope corres-
82 OBITUARY,
pondence with many contemporary British botanists; and he enjoyed the friendship of Mr. Mitten, Mr. West of Bradford, and the late Mr. G. Davies, with whose work he was in fullest sympathy, and of whom he gave some account in this Journal for 1892 (p. 288). His friendship for Mr. Davies was in fact no ordinary one, and the death of this enthusiastic fellow-worker made a very visible impression on him. Mr. Smith belonged to the class of naturalists who are so averse from publication that it
comes a matter of research to their brethren to discover their
and painstaking work of this botanist. He devoted all his spare
years made annual excursions to the Highlands of Scotland in
search of novelties. His death, after ten months of illness, from
cancer in the stomach, occurred at Hassocks, on the 15th b
the Naturalists o on. H. Sree ‘ Challenger.
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BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX
. some en CO. xtended, and will be — rought down of 1892. We have been encouraged to think that a reprint of the list, Shed yi these additions and corrections,
_would be convenient for those who find it somewhat difficult of con- sultation in its present form, phe would also serve as a handy volume of r eference for others specially interested in Botanical Biography.
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et ee oe: tat vif Pete ve ! THERE ths) | Nid
cad
Carex rhynchophysa,CAMey.
EE #
Cti-¢E-
AL
ee a
33
A NEW IRISH SEDGE. By R. Luoyp Praraer, B.E., M.R.IA. (PuatE 332).
CarE RuyNoHOoPHYsA, Which I have now the pleasure of addin to the British flora, is a large and handsome plant, closely resembling C. rostrata, of which some of the continental author ities me described it as a variety. I am indebted to the kindness of Arthur Bennett for the nee ‘adaption, synonymy, &c. :—
Carex rhynchophysa C, A. Meyer in Ind. sem. oak bot. Imp. Petrop. No. 9, suppl. p. 9 (184 4).
pull = ae robusta Weinmann, Enum. stirp. agr. Petrop. p- 92. commen’, C. bullata Schr, 8. levirostris M. N. Blytt, Fl. Chr., ex Fries, Mantissa, ii. 59 (18 39). avirostris Fries in Bot. Notiser, p. 24 (1844). C. oimitiede B. obesa Hartmann ; Handb. Skand, Flora, ed. 5 1849
C. rhynchophysa Liebman, Mexican Halv. p. 76, 1850, is quite a aa plant, and is C. physorhyncha Steudel, Cyper. Plant. 219, 1855.) Exsiccata. —Fries; Herb. Normale, fase. 6, No. 74; Herb. Fi. net
res.—Flora ‘Danica aur 1, t. 386 (1858); Anderson, - 108 (1849).
trib. — Finland (10 provinces); Russia, Perm, Wiiitka, province of Ingermanland (St. Petersburg); Norway, Lapland, Sweden, provinces of Vermland, Ostrobothnia, and Vesterbotten. Silesia, Transylvania. Indicated also in Siberia by Gmelin ; avuria.
Plant er pes ge 24-34 in. high; leaves 2-3 in. med tapering-acute at the apex, as long as, or longer than, the culm sabrid on the bes the sheaths of the lower leaves rpoies those of
middle ones closed; culms erect, semiterete at t ase, tri- an arom in the middle, and from the lowest t spike Sprapie usually pie ont pla bracts very leafy, longer than the male spikes; spikes outwards ab the yer me en ered erect, the lowest with a
€ uppe
scarious at the apex; glumes of the male flowers lanceolate and aiioulate, oe yellowish brown, with scarious edges; fruit globose, — a ing into a rather long cleft re with ney
dive Bent with 10-12 fine nerves (prominent o only w dried}, Spllowiah when ripe, the apex of os spikes often etruned Journat or Botany.—Von. 31. [Fes. 1
84 A NEW IRISH SEDGE.
with dusky red; stigma trifid, long, deeply cleft to the beak of the fruit ; os scarcely ay the length of the fruit, and only one-third as broa , narro t the base, any finely striated.
A eau bees beth much of the habit, in the lower part of the culms, of Scirpus sylvaticus ; os structure of the leaves is some- what between C. aquatilis and C. riparia. The Norwegian specimens have the leaves more like C. riparia, while those of Russia and Mongolia are between riparia and Scirpus sylvaticus. The spikes are ampullacea-like, but very much stouter, and much like be American Carea bullata Schkuhr. In drying, the fruits becom curiously compressed by the apex being te a the Tistendal portion, and thus giving the spikes an odd a
Roughly, in looking for the plant, it may abe: ia & be a Carex with thick ampullacea-like fruiting spikes, and the leafage and
culms of C. riparia.
Ovae its area of growth it seems to be a sparsely distributed species, and is most abundant in the deep bogs on the river and lake shores in and.
The ci Eceubisnaiioss connected with the erage of this plant in
ath ene, which
Britain were attended by a rather humorous se I trust it
will not be considered heey to relate in the ylavs and strictly
scientific pages of this Journal. st 14th last I was
botanising along the marshy shores of Mullaghmore Lough, a
lakelet occupying a shallow hollow he Lower Silurian or
Ordovician rocks that cover the ¢ portion of the county of all plume-like tufts of Cicuta grew d, and
osed, m
leaves, a ne be earing several stout aaa erect spikes of fruit, with long leaf-like bracts. I again and again tried to hook it in with
my stick, but unsuccessfully—tantalizing! Meanwhile, my eccentric movements had attracted the attention of the inhabitants of the immediate neighbourhood. A small boy who had been lying half- asleep under a hedge sat up and ‘Aare with all his might at this novel fishing. The cows which he was — ee
cautiously, and stood mystified in a semicircle. ducks hurried in from the lough to see what was u , and sea within a few yards, expressing their mer in loud poeregs of peept All
as excitement and ! e sedge safely hooked this time
hand closed on the stem. Then came the dénowement. The edge of the bank suddenly gave way. There was a frantic spring, and
ON SOME GASES OF INVERSION. 85
then a huge splash. The ducks gave one universal quack, and fled from the scene with a prodigious flapping; the cows kicked up their heels, and seattered precipitately; the small boy, convinced that the water-bogie was after him at last, fled from the spot in terror; and the botanist emerged, dripping with mud and water, but clutching firmly in his hand the first British specimen of Carex rhynchophysa !
Unable to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion as to its determi- nation, I passed the specimen to my friend Mr. 8. A. Stewart, who returned it, marked ‘“C. rostrata.” The general appearance of the
clearest proof, he is now convinced of its identity with C. rhyncho- physa of C. A. Meyer.
ON SOME CASES OF INVERSION. By Maxwert T. Masters, M.D., F.RB.S.
Tux relative position of particular “ members” or tissues is so
important a matter morphologically, and from the point of view
of systematic botany, that any deviation from the ordinary mode of
orientation is worthy of notice. I propose, therefore, in the
following note to call attention to a few selected illustrations. The fe Pay ; :
g ly v diverse, a circumstance that renders it the more desirable that they should be brought together for comparison and ultimate classification.
REVERSED POSITION OF THE XYLEM AND PHLOEM ELEMENTS,
A noteworthy illustration of this occurs in the fruit-scale of Abietines, indeed of all the Conifers. In the bract the arrange- ment is the same as in the leaf, that is to say, the phloem is towards the dorsal surface of the bract, whilst the xylem is directed towards the ventral surface. In the fruit-scale the posi-
Journal of the Linnean Society, vol. xxvii. pp. 276 and 302 et seq., and need not be further alluded to here.
p22
86 ON SOME CASES OF INVERSION,
A common occurrence on the leaves of Yucca flaccida is the production of tubular horn-like processes from the margins. the central vascular bundles the arrangement is normal, but in those of the tubular portion the position of xylem and phloem is reversed, the phloem being nearest to the axis.
REVERSED ARRANGEMENT OF THE PALISADE CELLS.
at the base, so as to expose the dorsal surface to the light. The stomata are on the ventral surface in this case, but no change
from the leaf, thus in the orange an outgrowth from the under surface is sometimes met with, having its ventral or green surface turned in the opposite direction from that of the rimary leaf,
thus :-— fe) dark green surfaces, the thin lines paler surfaces. Occasionally in the Portugal Laurel (Dickson, Journal of Botany, 1867, 822) in
REVERSED POSITION OF THE STOMATA. Although the stomata are by no means confined to the dorsal surface of the leaf, yet they occur there generally in greatest numbers. An exception may be noted in the cotyledons of many
* Dickson, “ Foliage leaves of R ” : : part 1 (1885), t. ix,—xii, uscus,”” Trans, Bot, Soc, Edinb., yol. xvi.
ON SOME CASES OF INVERSION. 387
rr are is upper surface of the leaf, associated i a twist of the is witnessed in Alstrwmeria, Bomarea, various species of res es other monocots. No change occurs in chai cases, in the relative position of the xylem and a oem.
INVERTED DISTRIBUTION OF COLOUR.
In a flower of an ordinary Glowinia the richest colouration occurs in the interior of the tube, in a position corresponding to the ventral surface of the leaf. Occasionally petaloid outgrowths arise from the outer surface of the ordinary corolla, these outgrowths being sometimes so regular as to form a second corolla outside the first. In these enations the deep colour is si The thick
er ones the paler portions these cases the en os on forms, th apr nara of its margins, a complete tube, and when that is the case,
the deepest intensity of colour is ‘nadie, as in the
Similarly a ‘peculiar malformation occurs rad in Calceolaria in which, in additi the usual t stamens, a third is developed in the form of a petaloid bag or tube within the corolla, and coloured in the same manner, except that whilst in the corolla the deepest aie p ier is out- side, in the petaloid stamen it is insi
INVERSION OF THE FLOWER.
In most sede the oath in the adult flower are so arranged that one is posterior and median, the other two are lateral, on
* The examination of Calceolarias presenting the Poe ars men- tioned, induced me to study the m : ode of de evelopm ent of the flow The prim
flower is therefore numerically haetes from the oer yee trace of the fitth ave or petal, nor of the three stamen Bichler stnibutes the fourfold calyx to the union, or want of separation of rts sepals, but there is no trace of fusion of two sepals.
yi
Fig. 1.—Normal Barley, germinating.
ON SOME CASES OF INVERSION,
Sa
Fig. 2.—Inverted seeds of Barley.
("~~
effected, then the flowers retain their primitive ori- nt
ion. A 8 ing case occurred durin t ast summer, which was kindly commu- nicated me r Douglas. It case ad a Cypripedium ne
o flowers on
and the lip anterior, as is usuall ase oO trace of torsion was visible in the axis se the flower, = in the ovary.
I adiolus yet the same Sy kcemaasha some of
Bat teson, Journ. Linn. Soc. XXViil. B: 490 (1891).
inus the adutt cone is annasis deflexed, “og in
some cases it retains its erect position. he complete inversion
of parts in the carpel an
(see figs. 1-4), The plu-
ON SOME CASES OF INVERSION. 89
mule here made its appearance from the base of the grain, while the roots proceeded from the other end—a topsy-turvy arrange- ment, the explanation of which has not yet been revealed.*
Fig. 4. \ Embryo from the side. Fig. 3.—Barley grain with husk removed, showing the parts of the embryo. REVERSED POSITION OF THE CARPELS.
In the genus Citrus, as also in Crataegus, Prunus, &e., supple- mentary carpels are occasionally met with, and whilst the ventral sutures of the normal carpels are directed centrally, (x , those of the adventitious productions are turned outwards, )x. In the pome-
ica) it will be re
8
Where the increased number of carpels is really due to an augmen- tation of the pistillary whorls (pleiotaxy) the carpels are arranged in the ordinary manner.
REVERSED POSITION OF THE GILLS OF MUSHROOMS.
A very frequent malformation in Agarics is one in which the top of an ordinary pileus bears a second, but in an inverted
* See Gard. Chron., March 15, 1873, and in Dr. Dammer’s German transla- tion of my Vegetable Teratology (1886), pp. 244—246. + Lindley, Vegetable Kingdom, p. 735.
40 KEY TO BRITISH RUBI.
position (fig. 5). All degrees of this change may be met with, the most remarkable perhaps being one illustrated by Mr. Worthington Smith in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for Feb. 24, 1887, in a species of Russula, where three adventi- tious pilei sprang from the top of the normal one; of these, two were reversed, whilst the third had the gills turned down- ward in the ordinary manner. See also Mr. Smith’s article in Gard. Chron., July 26, 1873. t will thus be seen that these cases of inversion are numerous, and cannot be at-
Fig. 5.—Mushroom with a second one outgrowths from an already owing from its pi i i : ero foom its pllens in am icolatod commpleted structure, the diffe natural position. rentiation of the tissues often takes place in an inverted direction, and furnishes additional evidence in support of the
that there is no fundamental difference between caulome and phyllome.
In other cases the inverted position seems to be due to a reversion to a primordial or even to an aucesiral state of things, but what brings about this sudden resumption of pristine ways is an utter mystery.
AN ESSAY AT A KEY TO BRITISH RUBI. By tHe Rev. W. Movie Rogers, F.L.S. (Concluded from p. 10.)
. R. coryirrotrus Sm. — Near R. dumetorum, but with st.
while in the typical plant (R. sublustris Lees) the term. lt. is con- spicuously different in outline. Pan. somewhat irregular, more or less corymbose, often with 2 or 8 long axillary branches; rachis and ped. grey-felted, sometimes quite eglandular, and seldom having more than a few sunken or very shortly stalked glands (chiefly at the
KEY TO BRITISH RUBI. 41
top), and acicles few or none. Sep. reflexed in fr. A puzzling collection of forms intermediate between R. dumetorum and R. casius a. R. sublustris (Lees). — St. nearly round, more or less striate,
reddish,
usually slightly declining from rather a small base. Lts. sharply doubly serrate, ashy-felted beneath; term. roundly cordate-acuminate, and often more or less 3-lobed. Pan.-rachis nearly straight. A very
Engl z.
b. conjungens Bab. R. cyclophyllus Lindeb. ? —- St. rather more angular and often stouter, reddish. Prickles less scattered, rather short but strong, declining or slightly deflexed from a long base. Lts. all usually broader, rounder, and with somewhat seienionarals
y cor
not te. Pan.
rachis nearly straight. Perhaps as common as sublustris and as —— eglandular, and connected with it by numerous intermediates. . R. fasciculatus P. J. Muell. BR. purpureus Bab. — St. bluntly sada, subsulcate above, usually dark purple on the upper side, slightly hairy and with a good many scattered shortly stalked glands. Prickles many, unequal, slightly declining from a large base. L#s. doubly dentate-serrate, usually pale green-felted beneath ; term.
. uch nearer to A. dumetorum (if indeed it can be kept apart from it) than the other two vars. Prof. Babington now considers it practically identical with R. Wahlbergii Arrh., while Areschoug (Observations on Rubus, 1887) would put the latter nearer to sublustris, as (judging from my Scandinavian specimens, as we as his description) I should also do.
ee Blox oundish, with a good ma
scattered fine hairs (both single ir aueionen ) and a few (datially very few) acicles Aad stalked ~—s Prickles few, slender, nearly patent from a rather small compressed base. L. 5-nate. Lts. large, irregularly and often doubly inane serrate, occasionally lobate, green and hairy on both niles; rugose above, paler shores soft beneath ; term. usually broadly elliptic or roundish acuminate subcordate. Pan, very loose, with long ~ en a few-flowered distant branches and a flexuose hairy rachis, having usually a good many unequally scattered stalked glands (which seldors exceed the’ hair), an occasional acicle, ew very slender patent prickles. Sep. ovate-acumin nate- attenuate, hairy and glandular, oe becoming erect. Pet. suborbicular, often very large, purplish or white. Fr. black-purple, large, and richly flavoured, Stam. etiar’ short, but usually exceeding the flesh-coloured styles. Widely but rather ae distributed. The ace plant, with its Sem large l., fees and fr., its
49, KEY TO BRITISH RUBI.
It has a phe bluntly angular subglabrous and almost polished st., with more crowded broader-based patent prickles, and a longer narrower more prickly and more leafy pan., with the upper Canes somewhat fasciculate; while in other respects it seems hardly distinct from the small-flowered forms of R. Balfourianus. A some- what similar plant occurs at Evershot, Dors
The “Rf. altheifolius Host.” of British Rubi and Bab. Man. seems of too indeterminate a character to claim a place in our list at present; while the name ‘“ R, deltoideus Mill.,’ which takes its place in Lond. Cat. ed. 8, belongs, Dr. Focke assures me, hybrid, “* R. cesius x tomentosus,” ae we cannot expect to find in Britain, where R. tomentosus is unknow
86. R. cxstus L.—St. prostrate a a low arch, round, usually slender and very glaucous, with small scattered subulate declining or deflexed prickles ; hairs, stalked glands, and acicles usually very few. almost always 3-nate. Lts. green on both sides (except in var. peoude: Ideus), unevenly incise-serrate, or rarely doubly serrate ; — — rhomboidal- -ovate, or 3- lobed ; lateral usually bilobed,
Pan. lax, usually sm small, often nearly racemose wit
ae ‘long. ‘stalked fl. Sep. oe ovate-aeuminate with long point
This species hybridises so freely, that its numerous forms hardl admit of exact distinction. ow scarcely anything of the following vars., or their distribution. For synonymy, &c., see phys — 1886, p. 286, and Engl. Bot. eta to 8rd ed.,
a. aquaticus W. & N.; umbrosus Reich. ; agrestis Bab.—St. very slender, glaucous-green. Prickles few, very small. Lts. thin, lobate-serrate ; term. rhomboidal-ovate-acuminate, rounded below. Pan. « often nearly simple, and, when otherwise, the branches are rarely one than once divi ed.’ ‘
fi. tenuis (Bell Salt.). R. degener P. J. Muell. ? — St. very slender. Prickles neny small, stout, mostly equal, much deflexed from considerably enlarged bases. Lts. rather doubly than lobate- ras bess obovate- acuminate, always narrowed below
is Wallr. ; ligerinus Genev. ; ; ulmifolius Bab. —St. often not so gee as in a. and. b.,
d. intermedius Bab. — St. thicker, ae Prickles many, slender, pile unequal, subpatent. LL. 5-nate. Lis
erm. triangular-cordate- a 3-lobed or divided into 8 sessile ies Stalked <sed se acicles few (as in a., b., and ¢.), but ue ~ stouter. Conn
with e e udo-Ideus (Lej.). — are eather thick. Prickles ee violet- valewred anys L. 8-nate or 4-nate- -pinnate. Lts, ashy- anus ath. Obviously R. casius x —
ispidus & N.; serpens Godr. rye St, slender, green. Lts. Sit serrate; term, obovate-acuminate, subcordate; lateral
KEY TO BRITISH RUBI. 48
with a large backward lobe. Ped. and sep. with numerous stalked glands, and felted, but scarcely at all hairy. Drupelets
Section II. Hersacer.—St. nearly or quite herbaceous. se usually attacked to the st. Fl. ‘‘umbellate,”’ or nearly solitary.
eceptac
Subsection I Beatin: —St. slender, eer esate Fl. umbellate or nearly so, or subsolitary. Carpels distine
87. R. saxatinis L. — St. annual, sei unarmed, or with scattered bristles. L. 3-nate. Lts. oblong-obovate, nearly equal.
l.-shoot erect, with a terminal few-flowered umbel-like corymb. Pet. erect, white, equalling sep. Fr. of 1-4 distinct drupelets. stony hill-country ; rare in 8. Engl.
Subsection II. Arcrictr.—nNo sterile st., but a long subterranean rhizome. Fl. term., pee or subsolitary. Carpels adhering together.
88. R. Coamamorvus L. — St. subterranean. L. simple, reniform, 5- tr lobed, plicate. Fl.-shoot oo. phacueee with 1 large dicaious term. fl. Pet. large, white. Fr. of several large drupelets, first oe ‘then orange. _ipine e turf tities ; ee descending below 2000 ft.
Axe-Edge, Derb.
ConspEectus oF THE Groups or BritisH FRuticost.
. St. tall, glabrous or with few hairs, not glaucous, with prickles mostly equal and confined to the angles. Usually without stalked glands. Stip. linear. Bas. lts. sessile, subsessile or stalked.
a. Sep. green, with narrow white margin :—
Superecti. — Increasing mainly by root-extension. Mature 1. green beneath. Pan. often simply racemose. No stalked glands. See p. 109 (1892 vol.).
b. Sep. grey- or white-felted, and either perma white margin, or haying only a comparatively inconspicuous on
Ruamnirotu.—St. usually rooting at the end in eee Mature 1. green or white-felted beneath. Pan. usually compound. Stalked glands very rare, though occurring occasionally i in small quantity, especially in pan. See p. 111 (1892 vol.).
B. St. arcuate or prostrate, rooting at the end in autum mostly hairy or furnished with stalked glands, seldom pando (except in Betxarprani), with prickles nearly equal or te confined to the angles or scattered. Stip. linear or filiform. Bas lts. distinctly duets
a. Large prickles on the angles of the middle ae pe part of st. bolarahty rH Small prickles absent or present
I. Pan. without stalked glands :—
Discotores. — St. bearing adpressed hairs. All the prickles equal, strong. Li. 5-nate, white-felted beneath. See p. 202 (1892 vol.).
44 KEY TO BRITISH RUBI.
II. Pan. usually — stalked glands, or with comparatively few (in ee typical plan
Smvaticr.—St. caane patent hairs. All the prickles equal, or nearly so, cat moderate size. See p. 204 (1892 vol.).
III. Pan. with stalked glands.
1. St. eglandular, or with scattered stalked glands :—
Eerreen.—Prickles subequal, _ on angles. Pan. with some nearly equal stalked glands. See p. 266 (1892 vol.).
2. St. rough with crowded acicles and stalked glands :—
Raputa#.—Prickles unequal—the larger ones nearly confined to angles, and less unequal or subequal. Pan. side “omni almost cymose. Stalked glands nearly equal. See p. 299 (1892 vol.).
b. Prickles conspicuously unequal—the larger aie smaller irregularly mixed :—
Kornterrani. — Large prickles strong. Pan. side nour
almost cymose. Stalked glands mostly very unequal. See p. 8
(1892 vol.).
mace ustitn — Prickles mostly weak. Pan. usually racemose above, and with racemose side branches. St. frequently glaucous. See : 3 (1898 vol.).
C. St. low-arching or trailing, glaucous, rooting at the end in autumn. Stip. broadened in the middle. Bas. lts. hardly stalked :—
Czsu. — Prickles mostly ala: Stalked glands thinly soateered. or numerous, rarely wanting. Pan. usually short, and nearly simple. See p. 8 (1898 vol.).
AppITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
n this “Key” I have thought it best to make no attempt to deal exbastivel with county distribution. I have merely, in the case of some of the less-known forms, given within brackets the names of fash counties as I iee for them at the time of writing.
ing so as a rule. op 111 189). Rh. Cariensis Rip. & Genev.—I have now reason to believe the toni referred to under this name to be rather widely spread in N. Devon. I have also seen it (ora very nearly allied form) in one Dors. locality; but a closer acquaintance with the Somers. plant. men _ een it to be different. 112. R. Dumnoniensis Bab. — The lts., I find, are not un- frequently quite green one oaly thinly hairy beneath. .118. RB. nemoralis - Muell.—There is reason to fear that
aggregate, ‘f. wmbrosus Arrh.” Dr. Focke has recently placed nemoralis a8 a subordinate form nearly allied to R. macrophyllus, and described it as having ‘Its. green on both sides, . . . . inflores- cence drawn out, with many flowered branches, large bracts, and falcate prickles; fl. handsome, pink.” This will hardly suit our aggregate. Probably our best course at present would be to
aside the names nemoralis and wmbrosus, and make dumosus our
KEY TO BRITISH RUBI. 45 pet ate pulcherrimus and Lindebergii as closely allied forms
R. villicaulis Koehl. — The cha gry “concave |.,” though reliable, I believe, as applied generally to this species, is not true of the strongly marked ‘‘ Midl a ee Poa the 1. of which are, I am assured, conspicuously con
1. The ‘plant referred ok as 5S ‘the usual ramosus of the Midlands” is the R. Mercicus Bagnall, since described in this Journal (1892, p. 372).
8. R. thyrsoideus Wimm. — Quite recently Dr. Focke has thus named a Heref. plant of the Rey. A. Ley’s, and I have seen Notts and Linc. specimens, gathered by Mr. H. Fisher, that I should also refer to it. The following is a translation of Dr. Focke’s lately published description of this aggregate species :—‘‘ Lis. medium-sized, hatte s above, ne appressed white felt beneath,
vetae. and coarsely often incise-serrate; term. narrow when ung, later senses ovate to Lisadi elliptic. Inflorescence long, Tere, scarcely narrowed upwards, rather gre with long branch-
lets and ped. Fl. showy, white | or light pink. Tall handsome
plants with striking beautiful pan.” The ‘‘species’’ is marked off
from R. pubescens by its very high-arching glabrous furrowed st. and
lis. often incised, and with more closely appressed white felt
[oe h.
230. fi. rset Bab. — The Aconbury plant gathered by
Mr. hay ‘in the open’’ in 1892 has Its. rounder, much thicker, and in some cases even grey-felted beneath
R. festivus Muell. & Wirtg. — Dr. Fo sa writes that specimens
I ey him of a plant which grows in some quantity on Crowell
, Oxon, ‘match the dried original plants” of this “ species,”
not, I think, a material point of difference, as the pet. of the Crowell plant are not of a dead white. By his latest arrangement he places festivus after R. gymnostachys, caren past it only i in the following terms :—“‘ Lts. green beneath, as a rule narrower than in R. gymnostachys ; term. senaeally ner Inflorescence as in th preceding species; rather less hairy. More like R. acne and R The Crowell plait § is, however, much more strongly armed and more glandular than any ordinary gymnostachys, while its long pyramidal panicles, poueh very similar, are broader, and its 1. et thinn nner and greener. p- 5 (189 i, Bellardi W. & N.?” — The ‘?” here wrongly placed, as it belongs to the name that follows—R. sensei Blox
. ~ -
R. acut ifrons Ley, Journ. Bot. 1898, pp. 13, 14. — This ig and strongly marked plant may be readily distinguished from its ally, R. viridis, by the more nearly equal and deflexed stem- pacts the longer pointed and more variable 1., and (above all) by - more interrupted pan. with remarkably aggregated and sma
R. ohne Ley, Journ. Bot. 1898, p. 15.—My knowledge of this is too slight to enable me to form any very decided opinion as
46
KEY TO BRITISH RUBI,
where in our list it should come. But if I am right in my abo that its place will
R. oigocladus (among t
marked off from those two plants acicles, the curious ochreou
benea
e names printed in small binge nam
Th groupe, = sections. The
shutelbirs 33 refer to pages in “th 893 v
46, which are in the
ACUTIFRONS Ley
Adenophori .
ApDoRNATUs P. J. Muell. Ve .
adscitus Gene affinis agrestis B: altheifolius Host amictus P. AMMOBIUS Focke amplificatus Le GLOSAxoNICcUus Gelert angustifolius aquaticu Arc
ALFOURIANUS Blox. Banningii (Focke) Beviarpi W. & N.
C#SIUS calvatus Blox.
Cartensis Rip. & Geney.
c NIFoLius W. & N. earpinifolius Blox. CAVATIFOLIUS P. J. M. . HAM&AMORUS L. . chlorothyrsos Focke
rove to be boom mes tereticaulis and the Betuarprant, Sect. B),
s colouring which those organs share with the st., and the almost sclasiole 3-nate 1. harsh to the touch th.
INDEX.
Fier he are those adopted for sposied,
8 in italics or spsetis noticed as doubtfully Brit = 1892 vol. of the Journal, except sabe under
are of those t treated as var ish, The
cognatus N. E. Br, . - B02 CoLemaNni Blox 231 concinnus Baker 10 conjungens Bab 41 conspicuus P, J. M 234 Cory II ‘ : i 8 CORYLIFOLIUS ‘Sm : ik 1 cyclophyllus Lindeb, ‘ - Al Danicus Focke ‘ i 28h debilis Boul. ? 802
egener P, J, M.? 42 deltoideus P. J, M 42,
entatus Blox. 5, 45 denticulatus Bab. i « 800 derasus L. & 884 Devonienas Pek MS. 1% - 205 dise ee me!) Disco — 3 » 202 ‘Miivnesfotens (Lindl. te ‘ 9 DIVEXIRAMUS P. J. M. : 4
DreEsERI G. Jensen A nee Fe 3 DUMETORUM W. & 9 DuMNONIENSIS Bab. dumosus Lefy. sake DURESCENS W. R.-L Linton «208 Durorricum R. P. aE 4 ndl, 80.
ECHINATUS Li 1
GII 266 egregius Focke 270 Hifeliensis Wirtg 233 elongatus Mere 203
erubescens Wirtg 234 ERYTHRINUS Genevy. 200 exsecatus P. J. 838
asciculatus P. J. M 41
erox Weihe 9 Jestivus M. & W 45 Fissus Lindl. 109 flexuosus P, J, M. 884 foliosus Blox, 838
FoLiosus W. & N. : FRUTESCENTES .. J
TICORL «4 i fusco-ater Weihe ? Fuscus W.&N. .
SS ~ 5 S
af = w ise] i] =
homistemon @. x M). —
hir one . Daisoties M. & W. ? .&N.
hypoleucus L. & M. hypom us Focke
Hys hyotrve (W. & oN)
=. sl. IMpRicarvs Hort. « :
2 eee) Se ae .
LEUCANDRUS s Fo cke ‘ ‘EUCOSTACHYS Schleich.
femme] feed fe) feed be f= pil sp. bal ~ ras BoE e : Se
ri Wirtg. Louatinv asic Lees macroacanthus Blox. macrothyrsos J. Lange MACROPHYLLUS W, & N.
es eae
KEY TO BRITISH RUBI.
macrophylloides a ocke
orosus Genev.
oIgocLapus M. & L. ? lodontos P. J.;M opacus Focke :
N. plinthostylus Genev. PO Lus P. J. M.
polyanthemus Lindeb. . Boake:
RAMIDALIS
RADULA Wei
IFOLI en W. & N.. RHEN M. ? oo satenkalateld Weihe ROSACEUS W. & N. rotundifolius Bab. rotundifolius Blox. rubricolor oe rudis Bab.
RUDIS Weihe : RUSTICANUS Mere. SALTERI Bab. saltuum Focke
118, 44
es
5
48 ALISMA RANUNCULOIDES VAR. ZOSTERIFOLIUM FRIES.
SAXATILES , ‘ i : 48 | sublustris Lees . ‘ “eat. TF SAXATILIS L, . . - 48 | suncatus Vest. . § er aig SAxIcoLus P.J.M. ‘ 5 | tenwis (Bell Salt.) : ara SCABER W.&N. . . - 803 | TeRETIcAuuis P. J. M. . é osus P. J. M. - me 340 siflorus W. & N. - 804 Schlectendalii (Weihe) - 205 | thyrsiger Bab. . . - 833 Schlickumi Wirtg. . - 270 | thyrsoideus Bab. . ; - 2038 serpens Godr. & Gren. . - 42 | thyrsoideus Wimm. ., 208, 45 SERPENS Weihe , ‘ P 6 | tuberculatus Bab. : rorege US. ' setulosus : ; : 269 | ulmifolius Bab. . - ietey. SILVATICI 3 ‘ ‘ - 204 | umbrosus Arrh. . ‘ ble
SILVATICUS W.&N. - 204 | umbrosus Reich. . “ a7 42 Spectabiles . Joes ‘ - 266. velatus Lefy. i ‘ . 7
stenophyllus P. J. M. ; : 143 | vestitus Weihe : : 234 ss Focke . ‘ » 113 | vitxicautrs Koehl. «148, 45 ‘ : } : - 280
LLARDIANI 299 | virescens G. Braun SUBCORYLIFOLII 267 |. virrprs Kalt. j 3 SUBERE ; ; 109 | Wahlbergii Arrh. ? 41 SUBERECTUS Anders. 109 | Winteri Focke 201 SUBKOEHLERIANI . . - 299
ALISMA RANUNCULOIDES var. ZOSTERIFOLIUM Fries BRITAIN,
By tue Rev. E. §. Marsnatt, M.A,, F.L.S. On August 5th of last year, when botanising along the Beauly age, I came
river, E. Inverness, opposite the villag 1 of
So different. For the most part the plants grew entirely sub- merged, the root-leayes generally having a small lanceolate or linear-lanceolate blade, but many of th
t oating, plant-bearing stems remained ; nor could I fin normal 4. ranunculoides anywhere around. Very few Specimens were in flower, and those only at the water’s edge; the
ALISMA RANUNCULOIDES VAR. ZOSTERIFOLIUM FRIES. 49
and almost all the information gleaned from books about it. He
d, from an examination of Davies’ specimens of his A. repens, concludes a
it treat it as a “good” variety; but whether it is really more than an extreme “state” can only be proved by experiment.
The first publication by Fries was in Botaniska Notiser for 1840, p. 35 Nov. Fl. Suec. Mant. iii. p. 188, written two years later, ignoring his previous name, the author substituted that of spar- ganifolium, possibly considering it more appropriate. The earlier title must, of course, ‘ il prelongis natantibus linearibus membranaceis. Bot. Not. ; Cilandie australis aquis G. M. Sjistrand. Exacte respondet A.
apice laminam parvam abortivam videre licet.’’ e origin description runs :—‘ foliis longissimis linearibus natantibus (fran Oland, Sjéstrand).” The following list (due to the source already mentioned) illustrates the book-history of the subject :—
1753. Alt i
1846. Fries Summa Veg. Scand. p. 65. 1864. y. littorellefolium Mortensen in Lange’s Handb. i den Danske Flora, ed. 3, p. 799. . 1868. Echinodorus ranunculoides G. Engelmann in Ascherson Flora d. Prov. Brandenb p- 651 (1864), var. foliis zosteraceis op, 37
urg, Buchenau. Abhandl. d. naturw. Vereines zu Bremen, xi. p (reprint). ; 1869. var. sparganifolium Fries. Marsson Flora von Neu-
vorpommern, p. 446. 9. v. zosterefolia Fr. i. Bot. Not. 1840, Hartman Skand. i 16.
187 @ Flora, ed. xi. p. 416
JournaL or Borany.—Vou, 31, [Fes. 1893.] E
Mo. Bot. Garden. 1894
50
AJUGA PYRAMIDALIS IN SCOTLAND. By Arruur Bennett, F.L.S.
In last year’s Journal, p. 310, Mr. Colgan asks under what con- ditions, and at what elevations, the above species occurs in Scotland. As no one has replied to his query, I offer the following notes. In compiling them I am much indebted to Messrs. Miller and Duncan for notes on the species in the Hebrides and Suther-
_ Taking the counties in which it occurs, and in which the habitats are so stated as to be available :—In Orkney it occurs at about 600 ft., “on the sides of a hill.” In the Outer Hebrides it grows among short grass about 100 ft. above sea-level on ground moderately dry. Another station is on the S.E. slope of one of the hills that occupy the peninsula at the S.W. corner of Harris, about
50 ft. above sea-level, on roughish, moderately dry ground,
Caithness it grows on “The Old”; this is about 1250 ft. altitude, but I can find no note of the exact position of the plant
e probably from 8-400 ft. altitude. In Dumfries, ‘on grassy plat formed by a slip in the rocky sides of the glen, at an hen of about 1750 ft.” (J. T. Johnstone) in the Moffat
istrict.
ir J. E. Smith describes its stations as ‘ in dry pastures in
the Highlands”; Hooker and Arnott as “ Highland pastures.” Mr.
Bentham remarks (ed. 1), “It is never more marked than in
recently burnt pastures”; this is the case in Sutherland, except that heather predominates over grass.
Looking beyond our own country, in Norway it extends
upwards from 3500’, 4000’, and 5000’. Sommerfelt, in his Suppl. Fi gives ‘in graminosis humidis inferalpinum.”’ Denmark, at a low elevation in the island of Bornholm, &e. («in
high grassy p pastures and heaths. In Italy, «in alpine pastures in the Alps.” In cultivation (from Sutherland) it often shows for flower in the end of March, and in early seasons is in full flower by the end e
LABORATORY NOTES. 51
’ g present leaves are curiously folded with patent hairs almost touch- ing each other, looking much like a trap. Mr. Watson (Cyb. Brit,
7 | Bg
but rather as a biennial than perennial,
LABORATORY NOTES. By Spencer Le M. Moorr, B.Sc., F.L.S.
I. Tux pest way To make Minton’s REAGENT. HE usual method of making Millon’s reagent is that given by
8 being caused before the fluid is ready, but the process is not feasible, supposing only a little of the reagent to be required. Seeing that Millon’s fluid is well known as being a mixture of mer-
pleasant smell caused, and just as much or as little of the reagent can be made—if it be only a few drops—as the operator requires.
II, A NEw WAY OF DEMONSTRATING CONTINUITY OF PROTOPLASM.
Within the last three years I have had much occasion to use Millon’s fluid in connection with researches on callus and para- callus, and on the chemical constitution of cell-walls. Having frequently noticed that by careful boiling of sections mounted in
up. Preparations so treated may, after thorough washing, be mounted in glycerine, and they will keep for years. When it is E 2
52 LABORATORY NOTES,
remembered that, except very rarely (e. g., Strychnos Ignatia), the
ordinary methods employed to demonstrate continuity involve action of the reagent during several hours, the advantage of the plan here proposed is at once obvious.
III. Action or coup Minton’s FLUID ON IRON-GREENING TANNIN, AND CELL-WALLS GIVING PROTEID REACTIONS.
In a memoir recently published in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xxvii. I have endeavoured to show that the substance in certain cell-walls
: y various reagents employed, whether those reagents be reagents
me ev dered in favour of the view that the presence of tannin (or at least of some glucoeide) often determines the colour taken in these cases.
As I 1ere writing about Millon’s reagent, the opportunity is taken of stating that, in the course of some farther researches on this interesting subject, an unsuspected confirmation of the above doctrine has lately come to light. I find th
on’s fluid is added to a solution of tannin, no change in the yellow ochre-coloured precipitate * ensues on allowing the unboiled product to stand overnight, yet that with an iron-greening tannin in the form of a solution of catechu, the result is quite different, since the precipitate slowly becomes brick-red without boiling. Here then is
till favours continental views can easily apply. If the substance in the cell-walls which react like
the result of the experiments is here given: in each case
Fatih were kept overnight in Millon’s fluid, but usually three or lent,
a). Icy. Xylem, hard bast and to a less degree outer cortical
ayers and epidermis aot as on boiling in the fluid. Th i
a sclerotised f i i
fnnér side of thé xelam undamental tissue lying upon the
* If the solution be a stron ea : : soon becomes ochre-coloured, § one, the precipitate is at first orange, but it
MARINE ALG OF CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. 53
(0). Escallonia macrantha. Xylem and hard bast well stained.
. Ju conglomeratus. Xylem and sclerotised aes Gans: ‘surrounding vacua bundles wall stained; w hl less clearly staine
(d). Yellow Jasmine. Walls of xylem, hard bast, phelloderm, and to a slighter degree of soft bast stained; sclerotic fibres running through cortex also well-stained.
(e). Privet. Xylem and hard bast stained.
(f). Pyrethrum Partkenite Xylem and hard bast stained.
(y). Berberis Darwinii, Xylem and hard bast stained.
(h). Maize. Walls of xylem and especially those of the scler tised fundamental tissue in the neighbourhood of the ner bundles stained.
(t). Rhizome of Arundo Phrag ae Same as maize.
. Veronica sp. ard bas xylem stained. (k). Isoétes lacustris. intone walls stained. ust suffice to remark that these stained walls are precisely the walls which os the proteid reaction a east d Millon’s fluid. More- over, iron-greening tannin in the s of these plants, when it could be deaboted, reacted in the same eae as did the walls to the cold fluid.
— NS. ——
A PROVISIONAL LIST OF THE MARINE ALG OF THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. By Eruet 8. Barron. L.—PROTOPHYCE
Lynepya semrpLena J. Ag. Sea Foint, Boodle! A small speci- men on Codium tomentosum.
Geogr. Distr. North Sea. Adriatic.
CaLOTHRIX CRUSTACEA Ag. Kalk Bay, Boodle!
thse Distr. Adriat
Derr PA PRASINA — On Rhizoclonium, Knysna, Boodle ! On Cladtiphie rupestris, — Harvey !
Geogr. Distr. North Sea. Adriatic.
II.—CHLOROPHYCE. LVE
ULVE2.
Uxtva Lacruca L. Robben Island, Tyson! Kalk Bay, Boodle! Knysna, Krauss! Port Elizabeth, Sutherland! Port Natal, Arauss! No. 274; Gueinzius! Cape, Hohenack.! Meeralgen, No. 490; Reliquie Brebissoniane | Ser. 2, No. 206.
RIGIDA. Kalk Bay, EH. Young! Knysna, Boodle! Cape, Hb. Tenormand eogr. Distr. N. Atlantic. North Sea, Mediterranean, West ee
U. rasomra Delile. Cape Point, Boodle! Kalk Bay, tard Kei Mouth, Flanagan! Cape, Reliquia taps Ser. 2, No.
Geogr. Distr. General in warm 5
54 MARINE ALGEH OF CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.
U. unctanis Suhr. Robben Island, Boodle! Wenek! Table Bay, Drege! Areschouy, Tyson! Cape Agu ulhas, Hohenack.! Cape, rer choug, Phyc. extraeurop. exsicc. No. 59; Hohenack.! No. Dickie! Reeve!
EnteromorpHa compressa Kiitz. Table Bay, Ecklon! Sea Point, Tyson! Knysna, Krauss.
Geogr. Distr. General
EK. ruexvosa J. Ag. Cape, fide De Ton
mat Distr. Atlantic. Pacific. Baltic. Mediterranean.
EK. sunzosa Kiitz. Robben Island. Table Bay, Drege. Sea Point, Cage Point, Kalk Bay, oko Boodle !
Geogr. Distr. Southern o
KE. Linza J. Ag. Cape, Dr
— Distr. N. Missile, Baltic. Mediterranean. W. Indies. Tasm
Bw InTESTINALIS Link. Cape Agulhas, Hohenack. ! Cape, Drege! Brand |
Geogr. Distr. Atlantic. Mediterranean. W. Indies.
E. cuarsrata Roth. Mouth of Olifants River, Drege. Bay, Sutherland !
Geogr. Distr. N. Atlantic. North Sea. West Indies. Tasmania. New Zealand.
aironkig insignis Aresch. Port Natal, fide Areschoug.
NGSHEIMIA scuTaTA Rke. On Placophora Binderi J. Ag., an euinlcie on Codium ferent ee Kei abetueis Flanagan !
Geogr. Distr. Baltic. Scotland
Algoa
CoNnFERVE,
MORPHA cLavaTA Kiitz. Table Bay, False Bay to Algoa, fide ‘sasekos Cape Point, Boodle! Sea Point, Boodle! Table Bay, Harvey !
Geogr. Distr, West Indies. C. sae Kitz. Port Natal, Ava
Geogr. Distr. North Sea. Baltio. Mediterranean. North Atlantic. Red Sea.
C. naratensis Hering. Port Natal, Krauss. C. crassa Kiitz. Kei Mouth, Flanagan ! Geogr. Distr. Adriatic. Ire 1 and.
C. rea Kiitz. Kalk Bay, Boodle!
Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean, Atlantic oo of Europe, Canaries, United States, W. Indies ay. ore
R#IzocLoNiuM RIPARIUM
Harv eae $ a Distr. North Sea. "Baltic. Mica gh iidinn cean R. ARENOSUM Kiitz. Cape, Hb. Dickie! Geogr. Distr. British shores. Arctic ocean. R. tortuosum Kiitz. Se dgoay, Boodle | Geogr, Distr. North Sea
MARINE ALGA OF CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, 55
CLADOPHORA NUDA Kitz. ig Agulhas, ag gps ! Meeralgen, No, 464. This specimen is so fragmentary that it is quite im pos- sible to examine it satisfactorily, and I therefore take Hohenacker’s a on trust. eogr. Distr. Atlantic.
C. mepirerranea Kiitz. Cape Agulhas, Hohenack.! Meeralgen,
o. 466. Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean. C. spinutosa Kiitz. Cape Agulhas, Hohenack.! Meeralgen, No. 351. Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean. C. gtomerata Kiitz. Port Natal, Krauss. Geogr. Distr. General. C. arra Kiitz omnbaed Krauss. Geogr. Distr. Maurit C. nospita Kiitz. Robben Island, Tyson! Table Bay, Ecklon, Harvey! Green Point, Harvey! Cape Point, Boodle! Cape Agulhas, Hohenack.! Knysna, Krauss. Cape, Gaudichaud, Deeat Areschoug, Phyc. extraeurop. exsice. No. 60; Hb. Dickie! Harvey! b. Lenormand! Hb. Wenek! Reeve! Hohenack. | Meeralgen, Nos. 53, 204. C. carentrera Kiitz. Table Bay, Harvey! Boodle! Kalk Bay, Boodle! Cape, Hb. Lenormand! Reliquie Brebissoniane! Ser. 2, No. 124.
C. FLAGELLIFORMIS oe (? anelanes. C. virgata Kitz.). Olifants River to Algoa Bay, Bin Robben Island, Boodle! Table Bay, Drege! Krauss, Menz met Tatie y! Kalk Bay and Cape Point, Boodle! Knysna, Krauss. Cape, issued in Brebisson’s Algues de
"rance! Ser. 2, No.98; Hohenack! Meeralgen, No. 152; Hb. Wenek!
C. rupestris Kiitz. Cape, Brand! Harvey! Scott Elliot !
Geogr. Distr. Atlantic. Baltic
C. rricnoroma Kiitz. Between Gocmansetilo and Omcomas, Drege. This is the only record of this alga from the moi that I can = In the Herbarium of the British Museum there is a specimen nam ‘‘ Conf. trichotoma, Cap. B. Spei. Herb. Rea. .. which is clesay Cladophora hospita Riitz. ; So a 5, with the exception of Mazé’
imen C. trichotoma aeitaapoasi, n, I am inclined to think that Drege’s RS was simply C. hospita Kitz.
Geogr. Distr. North Sea. Adriatic. W. Indies.
OC. Ecxtont Kiitz. Table Bay, Ecklon, Drege! Robben Island, Wenek' Cape Agulhas, Hohenack! Meeralgen, No. 463. Cape, Hb. Dickie! og eee
(reogr. . Indi C. virGaTA Kite. Table ay, Binder.
Spec. dubia.
C. CAPENSIS Cape, fide Areschoug (Phyc. cap. p. 18).
(“ Num Lychete ‘Wiuonii?” ).
56 SHORT NOTES.
C. acunzata §. Algoa Bay, Ecklon. C. napiosa §. Algoa Bay, mouth of Zwadtkap. Ecklon. SIPHONER.
Micropictyon umpricatum Zanard. Port Natal, Krauss.
Geogr, Distr. Atlantic. Pacific. Mediterranean. Red Sea.
Apsounta RucuLosa G. Murr. Port Alfred, Carr! Kei Mouth, Flanagan! Algoa Bay, Becker! Cape, Harvey! Natal, Krauss ! Sub nomine Conferve prolifere Roth.
Geogr. Di apan.
Cuammporis annutata Mont. Table Bay, fide Areschouy. Port Natal, Krauss
Geogr. Distr. Brazil. Indian Ocean. W. Indies.
(To be continued.)
SHORT NOTES.
plant of this species on the bank of the Severn, near the Ketch, between Worcester and Kempsey, on August 7th, 1890. So far as I can ascertain, it has not been recorded for this county before.— R. F. Townprow.
Hyer Oxcuts.—TI notice on p. 882 of last year’s Journal that you would like to know whether I found more than one specimen of the natural hybrid Habenari-orchis viridi-maculata. I only found
hybrid, so that there must be plenty of opportunities for cross- fertilisation, and it seems strange that it should not oftener occur. ect H. Sp. Perotrvan.
VALERIANELLA CARINATA IN East Kent, — My friend Mr. F. Smith sent me this plant a few months ago from Boughton Quarries, Linton, near Maidstone, where he has noticed it growing for several years. Atropa Belladonna occurs in the same quarries. Mr. Arthur Bennett has seen specimens.—Ernust §. Saumon.
57
NOTICES OF BOOKS.
Fossil Plants as Tests of pred reas the Sedgwick Prize rae SO the year 1892. By A. C. Sewarp, M. A., Lon . Clay & Sons. tox rechie 6. xii. 151. Price Sa
In this Essay Mr. Seward has undertaken the examination of
a large and important question, and if his conclusions are less definite than could be wished, it is due rather to the state of is part he
. . m W. i sidered the subject. This will explain to the reader why the author has indulged so largely in quotation, and why, independent esa though not entirely absent, is not a prominent feature of e essay. In a somewhat lengthy historical sketch, Mr. Seward traces the growth of such theories or opinions as have been formulated with
ratures, with —- reference to Arctic vegetation. We then to what we ard as one of the most important chapters i . a whole essay, a that on ‘‘ the influence of external conditions upon
pa ssible ways, we ought to know to what extent it is possible
o infer climatic conditions from morphological and histological tail Unfortunately, however, in spite of a at has been
done in the way of distinguishing the floras of different climates
in these respects, we are still far from such definite and constant
relations between structure and climate as will enable us to
pass with confidence from one to the other. The facts as they i 1 y sho
stand are fairly well summarised by the author, but the Ww most clearly that much experimental rese e required before we can use plant-structure as a guide toclimate. In dealing
with this part of his pan eh Mr. Seward takes up one or two posi- tions which we think will hardly be accepted by modern botanists.
a cause, and to take a view of the function of cork not held by plant See generally. A few sentences further on, refe-
ce is made to the woody plants of the tropics, and we read that “ there, the wood is not a safeguard against the influence of cold, but serves to give the plants that firmness which they require to enable them to support their branches. In a tropical climate, cork must be looked upon, not as a screen from cold (italics ours), but as
58 FOSSIL PLANTS AS TESTS OF CLIMATE.
a regulator of ies of which it prevents exce WwW venture to think that this statement is as correct for cold vomperat plants as for tropic al nek and that neither wood nor cor special adaptation against cold.
In dealing with the possibility of using the structure Se fossil plants as a guide to climate, the author gives most ention to those of the Cusbunifersis Period, and concludes at ‘“‘ we cannot as yet learn many lessons in Climatology from the structure of stems, roots, and other parts of fossil plants,”
n this we fully agree. Thanks to the researches ~ Carruthers, Wilkinson, —“ Sree continental co-workers, the minute struc- tur e best known types has been euikaa out with considerable detail, but this merely gives us some idea of the
e habitat, and throws little light on that of climate. ts sentiedicne the case of Lepidodendron, Mr. Seward follows what is a common practice, and speaks of the vascular tissue as
‘‘wood.”” We would suggest that the time has arrived when a
reform of this terminology is urgently needed, especially if we are
to employ the structure of the fossil in the diagnosis of climate. Oo
of tra subserving the functions of conduction, mechan cal support, and s storage of elaborated food-stuffs. =e te
either ~ does not mean the same thing as in Diesel if this were borne in era e should not hear so — about the
ied
secondary xylem. Curiously enough, Mr. Seward describes this sclerenchyma as cork, overlooking the facts that it lies entirely y within the generating layer, which produces it centrifugally, an tissues outside it appear to retain their power of growth even when it has attained ee eee 0 sepernt
assing over the n chapters on ‘Annual Rings in Recent and Fossil Plan or and ‘Arctic Fossil Plants” respec- tively, we have another excellent chapter on the Climate of the Carboniferous Period as indicated by other characteristics of the vegetation than those of structure. Here the evidence which has
rendered — i the old ideas of a tropical climate, with an atmos osphere mn with moisture wig carbon Eg is well set out, and specia. ieoaiianee | is given to the views of the lat e Dr.
Neumayer, of Vienna. There is malin. hemeisk: which calls for special comment or criticism, and the same may be said of the
closing chapter on the plants of the Pleiocene. eerpen Hick.
LES ALGUES DE P. K. A. SCHOUSBOE. — LES LICHENS. 59
Les Alques de P. K. A. Schousboe. Par Eipovanp Borner (Masson, Paris, 1892). Extr. des Mem. de la Soc . Nat. et Math. de Cherbourg, t. xxviii. i, pp- 216, 3 tab.
wth of Alge will cordially welcome this volume by M.
Bornet, giving an account of the Algw collected in Morocco and
the Mediterranean (1815-1829) by Peter cdasaben, who was
Danish Consul at Morocco for some thirty years. Those who
possess the valuable sets of Alg@ Schousboeane will be especially
glad of this ers work. It is prefaced by a very suggestive, brief essay on the affinities of the marine flora of this region; but the feature of vantigull value is contained in the notes on the species.
Their critical value is beyond estimation in this short note. It is
scarcely necessary to add that the = are illustrations
of the kind one sees only too seldom
Les Lichens: Etude sur srsmegee la physiologie et la morphologie de Vorganisme lichénique. Par A. Actoqur. Paris: Bailliére et fils. 1893. Pp. viii. "876, fig. 82. 3 fr. 50.
Turs is one of the last lavage to the Bibliothéque Scientifique e hundred volumes
Contemporaine, - which s have already appeared. The e is Sern gine clear, ‘ed comm andabiy free from misprints. ‘the illustrations are woodcuts intercalated in the
letterpress. While ce cueee of the way in which the publishers have got the book up, we feel it our duty to express our dis- satisfaction with them for datihe the title-page ‘ 1893,” since the b
Up eae barca rion nostoch n’est pas un lichen seca et
possibility of its being anything an alga, we determined -
search for further particulars. The rier of our search is that w
find M. Acloque to be disinclined to entertain the theory of sedan
dener and the « hétérogonidistes,” who hold that a seegevt is a and
Suffice it to say that in M. Acloque’s opinion the two elements of a lichen develop themselves separately at first, giving rise to distinct eres imperfect so long as they remain isolated. Nostoc is an ance of the purely gonidial state, capable of indefinite growth as Noss c, but incapable of generating hyphe and of becoming a completely developed lichen. It must wait, as it were, until som matrimonially inclined hypha or spore comes along and offers to set up someon sara with it; and then things just hum around, as the
60 ARTICLES IN JOURNALS.
ue of the eult ie ios employed for distinguishing the parts and innumerable states of these variable plants, and put
ARTICLES IN JOURNALS.
Ann. Scottish Nat. Hist, (Jan.). — E. 8. Marshall, ‘ Scottish Willows.’ — G. C. Druce, ‘ Alchemilla vulgaris.’ — J. W. H. Trail, : suey ammophila.’
Centralblatt. (Nos. 1-4). — G. Holle, ‘ ia Anatomie der PE Date und deren systematische Verwerthun
Bot. Magazine (Tokio).—(Dec. 10). Eugenia a ‘efolia Yatabe, sp. 2
Zeitung (Dec. 23, 30).—H. Rehsteiner, = Entwicklungs- sieschinhie der Fruchtkérper einiger Gastromycet ull. Torrey Bot, Club (Dec.).—J. K. Small, « the of American Species of oy onum® (DP. Pringlei Small, P. phy dir en Meissn., spp. nn.). — N. L. Britton, Rusby’s S. American plants (contd.),—L. H. “Pammel, ‘ Phenological Notes. Gardeners’ Cpesritle (Jan. 7). — ‘ Pitcher-plants and pene: cense.’—(Jan J. G. Baker, ‘ panne sis of Canna.’—(Jan. 21). Kniphofia Piet Hort- Leichtlin, sp. n Journal de Botanique (Jan. 1, 16). —L. Guignard, ‘Sur le développement de la graine et en particulier du oe meg séminal.’ —(Jan. 16). J. Vesque, ‘La tribu a Clusieés’ (contd.). Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschrift ee ee A. Kerner, ‘ Die Nebenblatter der Lonicera Etrusca’ —ZJ, Liitkemiiller, : noe
reich-Ungarn.’ — F. Krasser, ‘ Kleiner re Arbeiten des pflanzen- physiologischen Institutes der Wiener Universitiit.’—E. v. Haldcsy ‘Zur Flora der Balkanhalbinsel * (concl.),
61
BOOK-NOTES, NEWS, ée.
rush Faber. The subject is one with which only those possessing special knowledge are competent to deal; and as, to our regret, we are not among these favoured few, we must content ourselves with calling the attention of those interested to the work. From o knowledge of Dr. Bretschneider’s previous undertakings, we have no hesitation in saying that this volume is a valuable contribution to the History of Botany in China. Tuer sixth part of Prof. Macoun’s cheap and useful Catalogue of Canadian Plants (Montreal, 1892; pp. viii. 295; 25 cents) enume- rates the Mosses. It includes 128 genera and 953 species. Of these
ab period of thirty-one years. All species recorded from Greenland, Alaska, and Newfoundland are included.
In the Transactions of the Eastbourne Natural History Society for 1891-92, there is a paper by the Rev. W. A. Bathurst, who gives
ment that he imported plants of Linnea from “ Pontorsina in the Encadine,” and “set roots of it in many places” in a forest near the i i eve
Saas V ey. ‘Call it vandalism if you like,’’ he says; an without his permission this is the d we should have used, unless some stronger expression had suggested itself ost
: al tire absence of anything bearing upon local natural history is the chief feature of these Transactions.
Tae first number of Erythea, the new ‘“‘ West American and general” botanical journal, contains two papers by the Editor, Mr,
62 BOOK-NOTES, NEWS, ETO,
ai he latt ‘‘will be likely to appear at longer intervals.” The last editorial note foreshadows a new crusade, against ‘barbarous and ugly ”’ and ‘ uncouth personal”? names.
Tue first number of the Orchid Review, viewed from a botanical standpoint, is distinctly disappointing. No editor’s name is iven,
the scientific value he new venture. As an addition to the large number of horticultural journals already in existence, the Orchid Review may have its value, but on this point we do not feel competent to express an opinion. It is well printed; but the illustrations, which are to form “a special feature of the work,” are by no means satisfactory.
regon, Washington, and the North-western Coast. These, which, in our present knowledge, number nearly 200 species, are, Dr. Vasey tells us, all specifically distinct from those found east of the Mississippi River, and also mainly distinct from those of the plains and desert, except in that part of California which partakes of the desert flora. Many of the grasses of the mountain regions of
Idaho, Mon and the interior ‘ e dry interior of alifornia, verging southwards into the desert, is poor in grasses, specially those forming a turf hi e first part of the
raising of domestic animals.”’ Dr. Vasey’s assistant, Prof. L. H. ewey, is responsible for most of the descriptions. There are 50 plates, including figures of 52 species and varieties illustrative
anc Measurements of the parts are freely given. The plates are well drawn and well lithographed, though a little crowded in the
OBITUARY, 68
more extensive. Taken as a whole, the work is excellent, and shows how useful a Department of a may be; we con- artnet and envy our American cousin
WE regret to announce the death of Dr. Benjamin Carrington, which took place at Brighton on the 18th of Januar hope to publish an account of the deceased hepaticologist from the pen of his friend, Mr. W. H. Pearson, in our next is
Tue Herbarium of Mr. William M. Canby me ree purchased by the College ce Pharmacy of New York, and will be placed in their new building, now in course of construction. : Herbarium has been in course of formation during the last rd
years, omy is very rich in American collections. An account o Be barium by Prof. Rusby is given in the Bulletin of the Lovey Club Riscuber last.
Tue thirteenth volume (1892) of the Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History Society contains two botanical papers—one by the President, Mr. J. C. Mansel-Pleydell, on Lamprothamnus alopecuroides, and the a by Mr. a Lister on Mycetozoa; iat is illustrated by a plate. We are glad to learn that the new edition of Mr. Mansel- Pleydell’s Flava’ of Dorset is on the eve of
We are always glad to allow the reprint of papers published in this Journal, when the ordinary courtesy of asking es is bserved, or a suitable acknowledgment made. A recent ap- propriation of several pages, without such Siegen or yer ow- ledgment, calls for a protest on our part. in no way interferes with the privileges hitherto extended to fieh as desire them, but it may perhaps serve as a check upon those who ignore the usual amenities of journalism.
OBITUARY.
Wuen the death, on the 30th of November last, of that dis- tinguished biblical scholar the Rev. Fenton Joun Antuony Hort, late Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity, was announced, few probably iraorgrastee that forty years ago he m i t have been
Panett John Anthony Hort was born apparently in — and proceeded in due course to Trinity College, Cambridge, hie most of his botanical notes are dated. In the 2nd y a of the Phytologist (pp. = site ~ eee a ‘ Notice of a few sSinito growing at Weston-super-Mar ‘Note on Centaurea nigra var. radiata
and C. nigrescens,’ both pains date November 5th, 1847, when the peat undergraduate was not yet twenty; and in the 8rd vol. p. 821-2) is a ‘Note on Alsine rubra var. media Bab.,’ dated « Torquay, Sept. 27th, 1848.”’ In the 1st vol. of Henfrey’s Botanical Gazette (1849), pp. 197, 200, he has a paper ‘On Viola sylvatica
64 OBITUARY.
and canina,’ and in the 2nd vol, (1850), pp. 1-2, a ‘Notice on Potamogeton fluitans Roth and Ulex Gallii Planch.’ ; Meanwhile, though these short notes suffice to show the writer’s critical acumen, he was already giving proof of the direction in which that acumen was likely to be employed. In 1850 he
platyphylla’ ; and in the same volume (pp. 155-7) appears a ‘ Note on Athyrium filix-femina var. latifolium,’ dated 12th November,
on the ‘ Occurrence of Orobanche carulea Vill. and Aconitum Napellus in Monmouthshire,’ dated July 21st, 1852, anda ‘Note on the of Mr. H
Cambridge. In 1852 he was elected a Fellow of his College; in 1853 he n
ment of botany in favour of biblical studies in much the same manner as Watson regretted that Edward Forbes’ « attention had been drawn from botany to the more showy studies, in which he became eminent.”’
With Hort’s subsequent career we are not here concerned. He became Divinity Lecturer and Fellow of Emmanuel College in 1872, Hulsean Professor of Divinity in 1878, and Lady Margaret Professor in 1887. He became D.D. of his own University in 1875; published two theological dissertations in 1876, and, jointly with Dr. Westcott, a revised Greek text of the New Testament in 1881.
of the New Testament, and for these services to scholarship was L Trinity College, Dublin, in 1888, and
G. 8, Bouncer,
IN THE PRESS. TO BE PUBLISHED EARLY IN 1893.
ge se aes Dc vat HANDBOOK Lee FLORA OF CEYLON
PENKY ike M. Bi. FR.S, Director of the R. Bot. Gardens. sag Pana
Tuts First Part contains a full account of all the native plants found in the colony which are members of the Natural Orders from Ranunculacee to Anacardiacee inclusive; and is illustrated by 25 Coloured Plates representing some of the most interesting species. The Publishers are Messrs. DuLau & Co., 37 Soho Square, London, W. ; and the price is 14. 1s.
It is intended to publish the book at intervals, in four similar Parts, and it will, when. complete, consist of 2 Volumes of Text (in 8vo.) and an Atlas of too Coloured Plates (in 4to.). The Subscription Price for the whole work, in one payment in advance, is 34, 13s. 6@., and Subscribers’ names should be sent at once to the Publishers in London. A Subscription form is attached.
This Flora of Ceylon is issued under the authority and with the assistance of the Government of the Colony, and has been written with special reference to local use; one principal object being to enable observers here to ascertain readily the name of any tree, shrub, or herb they may meet with growing wild in the country, For this purpose copious analytic keys and full descriptions are given, as well as the Sinhalese and Tamil names, the distribution of each species through the Island, its period of flowering, and varied information as to its history, properties, and uses. An en- ‘deavour has also been made by references and quotations to embody all previously published information on the Botany of Ceylon, so that the book will form a comprehensive work of reference for every- thing relating to the plants of the Colony.
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65
OUR ENDEMIC LIST.
By Wittum H. Bessy.
as to whether or not the seventy-five forms are endemic being
afterwards treated of in asummary, from which we learn that Sir J.
Hooker would exclude fifty-five of the seventy-five forms from the endemic list, for ‘‘ various reasons.”
Before proceeding further, I desire to acknowledge fully that it
is a far more difficult matter to draw up such a list as Mr. Bennett
8
of the plants named in Mr. Bennett’s list are made wi s j Some of the plants remarked upon below are
Caltha radicans Forst.— From my experience of this and kindred forms, I should feel it very rash to assert that it is endemic. My reasons for taking this view are contained in previous papers, and need not be repeated here.
Brassica monensis Huds. — The form of B. Cheiranthus men- tioned by Lloyd (Fl. de U Ouest, ed. x. p. 24) should be compared with this; until the result of such a comparison is published, one would hardly feel disposed to accept B. monensis as endemic.
Diplotaxis muralis DC. var. Babingtonii.—Both biennial and perennial forms occur in France. Apparently endemic in name on]
y- Viola lutea Huds. var. amena.—The varieties given by Koch
ge, differs from the type chiefly in its purplish copper-coloured foliage, the character is retained to a very considerable extent in culti-
66 OUR ENDEMIC LIST.
H. C. Watson a great many years ago, is not variable, and is easily apparent to anyone who is accustomed to compare the two. Un- doubtedly, however, C. arcticum is more nearly allied to C. alpinum than to C. latifoliwn L.
Anthyllis Vulneraria L., var. ovata.—I am disappointed to learn that this remarkably beautiful plant reverts at once to the type in cultivation ; from Mr. J. er’s experiment it would appear that it is merely a state due to situation, and it should accordingly be expunged from our lists.
there in situations similar to those which here produce pseudo- botryodes.
rex tnvoluta Bab.—Accepted as endemic by Hooker, who remarks, however, that it is probably a hybrid between C. vesicaria C. ul.
veractum. — Mr. Bennett quotes fifteen endemic forms, a number which might be greatly increased. On all of these Sir J. ‘ ker say :—* No case can be made of these.
They are local forms with the shadowiest of shady characters.” I confess that the real intent of this criticism seems to me somewhat
obscure (some might feel inclined to ask, what n endemic species but a local form ?); but surely nobody would expect to find 1m a recently separated island, forms as distinct hose found in
eweaniac : c Hieracium are Just what they ought to be, although this, the really
: tical, or in other words, more plastic, groups. We know that the great bulk of our named Hieracia are not merely states due to situation; their characters
OUR ENDEMIC LIST. 67
have been proved to be permanent by cultivation under varied con- ditions, all of which are different from their own original habitats. heir ki i refore specific in its nature, and we will leave it to others who are interested in the point to allot seems h t
der in Scandinavia, we may with some safety assume that the bulk of the plants now considered to be endemic here will even-
While on these points, I take the opportunity of calling atten- for i been
sense,” as Mr. C. B. Clarke does, and at the same time (or pre- viously) sneering at investigations of the kind referred to. One is
see Evolution in its active state. can easily understand how galling it must be to the mere plant-sorter, to see the increasing study of the more critical groups
away from him; but it does seem an anomaly that one writing from the Darwinian point of view should fail to see the extreme value of studying those groups in which the forms run closes
is a local form ; in its wide distribution in Scotland (from Shetland southwards), due to the pappus-borne fruit, it forms a notable ex- ception to the rest of the American group.
Besides the plants referred to above, there are various others in Mr. Bennett’s list which I should not venture to accept as en- demic ; as, however, the exclusion of these rests mainly on indi- vidual opinion, it is perhaps not worth while to name them at present. There are also some which may be eventually added to the list, but in the present early stage of their history, it would be premature to accord them such rank.
68
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVEZ. By Epmunp G. Baxer, F.L.S. (Continued from vol. xxx., p. 332.)
XVII. BASTARDIA H.B.K. Nov. Gen. et Spec. v. p. 254, t. 472.—Bracteole 0. Carpella in capsulam loculicide 3- ‘S avon connata.
1. B. viscosa H.B.K. l.c. p. 256; pe Haris, sare: t. 53 bis. B. Guayaquilensis Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. . 1858, p. 201. Abutilon fetidum es Meth. Su upp. p- 508. "Sida viscosa L. ; DC. Prod. i. p. 467. 8. fatida Cay. ;- DC. Prod. t,¢. <8. Magdalene DC. Prod. 1. DC.
ip ae
Hab. West Indies! Mexico! Guatemala! Ecuador. Ve- nezuela! New Granada. Peru.
Var. a. Grisebach, Fl. Brit. West Indies, p. 80.
Hab. West Indies
Var. 8. PARVIFOLIA Gri sebach, /.c. Bastardia — iy H.B.K. beep: 255, t. 472. Sida Bastardia DC. “Fala
Hab. — West Indies. Cuba
Var GR Sida fragrans Tate Stirp. p. 111, t.
2. Plhta feagrans, “folia majore quam typo pedunculis Behe brevioribus, carpe oe b. St. Dotitin 2. B. nirsuTirLora ‘Beat Reliq. Haenk. ii. p. 112. ee hirsutis- sima Walp. Rep. i. p. 827. 8. hirsutissima Dietr. Syno 0. Hab. Mexico, nr. Acapulco, Haenke! Barclay! Collin ‘Palmer, No, 1307
ae awe has only three carpels.
. B. conrerta Garcke et K. Schum. in FI. Brazil, Fasc. cix. p. 869, t. 66.
Hab. Brazil, Glaziou, No. 14516.
4. B, wtecans K. Schum. in FI. Brazil, l.c. p. 868.
Hab. Brazil, Prov. Minas Geraes, Warming, No. 1842.
5. B. srvatvis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 255. B. aristata Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 1858, p. 200. B. spinifex Tr. & Pl. Prod. Nov. Granat. p. 186. _— bivalvis Cav.; DC. Prod. i. p. 464. 8. viscosa MacFad. Fl. J
ab. Brazil. New Pea a Ecuador! Jamaica!
6. B. Bertanprert A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. p. 295. Hab. Mexico, nr. Tantoyuca, Bulandiér, Nos. 747, 367 | Species excluse.
Foe er Guill. & Perr. = Abutilon intermedium Hochst.
B. eris il. = Abutilon crispum Sweet
B. sonrale St. Hil. = Abutilon crispwm Sweet.
Subtribus 4. Asurmem. — Carpella simplici serie verticillata.
Ovula 2-o (rarius 1) sepius adscendentia, nune alia pendula alia adscendentia,
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVEX, 69
Ppyass HOWITTIA F. v. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst p- 116.—Bracteole 0. Ovula — sattateralis. Carpella 8, in Farce loculicide 3-valvem connata
1. H. rrmocunaris F, v. Muell. 1. ¢.
Hab. Australia. 8. A civtentia: Victoria ! New South Wales !
XIX. KYDIA Roxb. Pl. Corom. iii. 215, 216.— Bracteole 4-6. Carpella 2-3 in capsulam Toculioide 2-3- valvem connata.
t. 215. K. Roxburghiana Wight, Ic. ii. t. 881. K. fraterna Roxb. Pl. Corom. t. 216. K. pulverulenta Ham. in Wall. Cat. 1176. Hab. India! Burmah! Tonquin! rah . K. euasrescens Mast. in Fl. Brit. Ind Hab. North- east India, Griffith, 1794 |! "Bidtaoos ere excluse. Kydia neh ba om Arn. = Julostyles weberadte Thw. . axillaris Thwaites = faut les axillaris Benth. K. jujubifolia Griff. = Dicellostyles jujubifolia Dalits
XX. WISSADULA Medik. Malv. p. 24.—Bracteole 0. Car
pella apice divergentia plus minusve transversim appendiculata. ect. I. Sea. Griseb. Fl. Brit. West — p- 77 (Sectio
Srparum).—Carpella 1- _ rarissime multio
DIVERGENS Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. ihe pp. 197 & 204. Sida divergens Benth. Voyage 0 S Sulphur, p. 69. 8. periplocifolia MacFad. Fl. Jam. p. 85, n
Hab. Jamaica. fennel nr. - Guayaquil !
Caul o ramoso erecto, foliis longe petiolatis cordato-ovatis apice subacuminatis distincte i irregu- laviter crenato-serratis discoloribus supra sparse pubescentibus sub-
s molliter cinereo-velutinis 7-9- palmatinervatis, petiolis teretibus prt cinereo-pubescentibus, floribus laxe paniculatis, pedicellis gracilibus, sepalis triangularibus acutis, petalis flavis calyce <a longioribus obovatis, stigmibus capitato-stigmatosis, carpellis terne pubescentibus apice acutis 1-spermis, seminibus apihihatio fulvis angulatis.
b. Paraguay, nr. Villa Rica, in the Forests, Balansa, No. 1603!
Stem “1 metre’’; leaves 4-5 in. long; petioles 8-5 in.; petals
¢ in
long. The leaves of this plant are crenately serrated and discolorous.
II. Euwissaputa K. Schum. l.c. p. 488. — Carpella 2-3-
e matura plicis binis transversalibus lateribus spurie in loculamenta 2 superposita divisa, sepius heterosperma
. W. rostrata Planch. in Hook. Fl. Has p. 299, W. Lesche-
naultiana Mast. in Hook. Fl. Brit. Ind. i. p. 825. W. hernandioides
Garcke in Zeit. fur Natur. lxiii. p. 123. Abutilon parviflorum
70 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVER.
St. Hil. Fl. Bras. saree - p. 201. A. leucanthemum St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Mer. i. p. 200. a hernandioides, A. polyanthon, A. Tucianum, A. pues en prien Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 1, > A. contractum Sweet, 1. c. : ed. 2, p. 64. A, laxiflorum G. & P Fl. Senegal, i. p. 66. A. verbascoides toy in Bull. Soe. Nat. Mose. 1858, p. 202. Sida racemosa Vell. Fl. Flum. vii. t. 15. 8. polyantha Schl. in Link Enum. ii. p. we. S. Luciana & S. Leschenaultiana DO. Prod. i. p. 468. S. rostrata Schum. et Thonn. Beste e Guin. Pl. p. 806. SS. stellata Don, Gen. Syst. p. 499. S. amplewicaulis & ? S. polystachya Vell, Fl. Flum, vii. ft a & 22, 8. oe athe Dietr. Syn. iv. p. 851. 8. leucanthema Dietr. Syn. iv. p. 8
Hab, Trop. 8. America! Paraguay! West Indies! ‘Trop. sats India! Cape Verd Is. ! Mauritius! Bourbon
a periplocifolia L. var. B. in the er eee Herbarium is represented by a specimen of Sida dumosa Swar
4, W. zeytanica Med. Maly. p. 25. W. sits Presl, Reliq. Haenk. ii. p. 117; K. Schum. J. c. p.441,t.77. W. rostrata Pl. var. 1. zeylanica Mast. in Fl. Brit. Ind. i. p. 825. Abutilon periplocifolium Sweet, Hort. Brit. i. p. 58. Sida periplocifolia L. ; DC. Prod. i. p. 467.
A pe India ! Ceylon ! Malaya! ‘Trop. America! Mexico. Cuba !
Var ee W. periplocifolia var. Wric ghtiana Griseb. Cat. Pl. Cub. p. 25. W. eacelsior Presl, Reliq. Haenk. ii. p. 117, t. 69, figs. a-m. 7 co eg G. Don, Gen. Syst. i. p. 500. Sida excelsior Cay. ; DC. Prod. i. p.
. Hab. Mexico. Central America ! Cuba, Wright, No. 2058! eru.
Var. cuaremaense.'— Foliis ovatis acuminatis petiolatis subtus per stellato-ferrugineo- -tomentosis, floribus paniculatis paniculis
nfertis terminalibus vel subterminalibus, carpellis aristatis
ab, Guatemala, ‘In dumetis Mazatenan ngo,” Bernoulli, No. 55! eps 4 in. long, rather more than 2 in. broad ; petioles 1-2 in. . CuaPetiert, A, Chapelieri H. Baill. in Bull. Soc. Lin.
a 1885, p- 508.
Hab. lies bor. or. Chapelier !
6. tens Garcke in Zeit. fur cep 1890, p. 128. 4bu- tilon aon Bt. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. p. 2 Sida patens Dietr.- Synop. iv. p. 851
Hab. Bos Provs. Rio Janeiro! Minas Geraes.
; uGINEA Garcke et K. Schum. in Fl. Brazil, J. ¢. p. 443. Sida Ferraginen DC. Prod. i. p. 468. Abutilon ferrugineum HB. K. Noy. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 271,
Hab Peru. Valley of Paulo, alt. 7000 ft., Jameson!
- NUDIFLORA Garcke in Zeit. fur Naviow. 1890, p. 128. W. stellata K. Schum -l.c. p. 445, Sida stellata Oay.; DC, Prod. i. p. 468. 5S. nudiflora L’Herit, Stirp. Nov. p. 128, t. 59. Abutilon nudiflorum Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 2, ‘
Hab. Peru. Bolivia! St, Domingo.
SYNOPsis OF GENERA AND sPiicriis OF MALVER. 71
W. uirsuta Presl, map Sn "yg ii. p. 118. Abutilon crini- tum “Klotz. in Linnea, xiv.
Hab. Brazil!
10. W. cymyantoemum K. Schum. pe c.p. 446. Abutilon gymnan- sags Gris. Symb. ad Fl. Arg. p A. wissadifolium Gris. l. c. p. 4
Hab. Argentine Republic.
. 11. W. anprnvum Britton in Bull. Tor. Club, xv 1 pet
Hab. vk mp a M. Bang, No. 768! Cuesto of Pertodiadi. A, Mathews, No.
ect. IIT. ta Biss K. Schum. J. c. p. 489. — Carpella 2-3-sperma dissipimenti horizontali a dorso abeunti in locula- menta superposita bina divisa. Tnfloresdentia contracta.
W. spicata Ware Reliq. Haenk. ii. p. 117, t. lxix. figs. 1 K. Bokum: loc. p. 448, t. Ixxvili. W. gymnustachya et W. 9 EH Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1858, p. 202. Abutilon Bs aoa H. B. K. Nov. Gen. v. p. 271. Sida spicijlora DC. Prod. i oP.
Hab. Trop. America! Cuba! Mexico! Guatem
Sect. IV. Asurmastrum.—Carpella 3-rarissime 4- -sperma ; dis- sepimento loculos undique dividente sed lateribus et angulo carpelli interne non adherente. Inflorescentia paniculata.
13. W. RE ‘hee: Reliq. Haenk. ii. p. 117, t. 69, figs. 1-14.
Hab. Mexi
Species exclusa. W. holosericea Garcke = Abutilon holosericeum Scheele.
XXI. HORSFORDIA A. Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. xxii. p- 296. —Bracteole 0. Carpella 1-3- “sperma, pars superior sepius vacua mox —- membranaceo-scariosa, et bipartita in alas 2.
1. ta A. Gray in Proc. Am. oo Xxlil. p. 297. Sida alata S. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad. xx. p. 38 Hab. Mexico. N.W. Sonora, Page ~ Sarre A. — lic. Abutilon Newberryi 8. Wats. in ~ Proc. Am. Acad. x
Hab. United | a oe Lower California. Mexico!
3. H. rorunprrouia S. Wats. in Proc, Am. Acad. xxiv. p. 40.
Hab. Mexico! Lower omen
4, H. Patmeri S. Wats. l. c. Hab. Lower Californie. Los Angelos Bay !
XXII. ABUTILON L. Fl. Zeylan. p. 219. — Bracteolm 0. Carpella 2-o (rarissime 1- -ovulata) apice divergentia vel rotundata intus nuda.
Sect. I. 05h a aaa Schum. l. c. p. 866.—Stigmata capi- tata superne papillosa A. Cusseta 1—2-ovulata rarissime multiora.
1, A. oxypetatum Triana & Planch. Flor. Noy. Granat. p. 184, Hab. New Granada, Schlim, No.290! Santa Martha, Purdie |
72 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVES.
«: ee one Garcke et K. Schum. 1. ‘ Hy 370.
Hab, Peru. Kcuador, Jameson, No. 6
8. A. mnrermepium Hochst. in Schwing oak Fl. Aeth. p. 49. A, angulatum em in Fl. Trop. Africa, i. p. 188. Bastardia angu- lata Guill. & Perr. Fl. Seneg. p. 65. Sida acutangula Steud. Nom. ii. p. 576. S. a ajate sa Bojer in he
Hab. Tropical Africa ! Aiiainniint
Var. MacropHyLLum. Sida macrophylla Hils. & Boj. in herb. ex Baill. J. c.—Fruticosum, caule angul ata, foliis cordatis ovatis acutis esac Be. tig fulvis subtus albo-cinereis, sepalis subacuminatis vel ac
ou “itaigieabbe nr. Tananarivo, Bojer. Port aes Ins.
Sato, Bernier. wee Leven, Vesco, No. 2! Boivin, No. 2
Var. Gre um. Sida Greveana H. Baill. in ae ae Par. 1885, p- ‘504. —Fruticosum totum albo-pubescens, 2 oa teretibus ramosis, foliis cordatis ovatis, pega ene articulatis, car- pellis 1-spermis reniformibus.
Hab. West aggre Mouroundava, wea No. 22!
Fi A. graveolens var. Figarianum Webb
—Caule terete ramoso, foliis cordatis ovatis ieregaarite detitaae floribus paniculatis, carpellis 1-3-ovulatis reniformi
Hab. North-east Africa, nr. Matamma, Rikectincth; No. 1418!
B. Carpella 3-ovulata rarissime multiora. a. Inflorescentia umbellata. ae retire aristata vel rostrata.
4, A. umpeLLatum Sweet, Hort. Brit. i. p. 53; Jacq. Hort. Vindob. t. ne Sida nb lblade oc DC. Prod. i. p. 469. 8. obtusa Cav.; DC. /
o Weat Indies! Mexico! New Granada. Peru. UMBELLIFLoRUM St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. i. p. 204.
= Don, Gen. Syst. i. p. 501. Sida ar Distr
Pp
Brazil. Prov. Rio Grande do Sul. — — Carpella nen 6. A. Fitcxicrrianum K. Schum. l. ¢. p. 870, t. Ixvii. sg South Brazil or Uruguay, Sathen, 1741. Argentine Re- publi 7. A. Iparrense 5 B.K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. v. p. 272. Sida ibarrensis DC. Prod. i. p. 470. Hab. New Gtannda | Ecuador. . A, Terminate St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. i. p. 208. Sida termi- nalis Cav.; DC. Prod. i. p. 471, Hab. Brazit! Uruguay! Argentine eee 9. A. rivutare St. Hil. lc. p. 202; K. Schum. J. c. t. Ixviii. A. affine Don, Gen. Syst. i. p. 508. Sida fins Spr. Syst. Veg. iii. p. 121. 8. rivularis Dietr. Syn. iv. p. 854 Hab. South Brazil o r Uruguay, Sellow, Nos. 509, 714. Uru- guay, nr. Monte Video, Sellow, No. 3168.
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES Of MALVER. 73
0. A. discolor, n. sp. — Caule ligneo superne angulato et rufescente, foliis_petiolatis cordatis ovatis
= y
Mexico. Tula, Berlandier, No. 2163! Herb. Mus. Brit
11. A. Galeottii, n. sp. — Caule vel ramo ligneo, foliis ovatis apice acuminatis vel subacuminatis basi cordatis vel rotundatis
nh mediam striatis, petalis flavis calyce longioribus obovatis vel oblanceolatis, stigmibus capitatis, fructibus junioribus dense stellato- pubescentibus. : ab. Mexico, Parkinson! Vera Cruz, Galeotti, No. 41038! Herb. Kew. Related to Abutilon integerrimum Turcz. Peduneles nearly 8 in. long; petals 3 in. long. B. Inflorescentia plus minusye paniculata. * Boreali- vel Centrali-Americana, Mexicana, Cubanaque interdum nd. occidentalia rarissime Ins. Sandvicensia. + Petala erecta. 12, A. Xantt A. Gray in Proc. Am, Acad. xxii. p. 801. 4, calj- fornicum Benth. var. in Proc. Am. Acad. v. p. 154. ab. Lower California, 13. A. Sonorz A. Gray, Pl, Wright. ii. p. 28, Hab. Mexico! New Mexico! 14. A. Neauteyi Coulter in Contr. from Nat. Herb. vol. ii. p. 41, Hab. West Texas. Hildago County, 15. A. Revenrum §. Wats. in Proc. Am. Acad, XXL. p. 418, 4. Sonore var., A. Gray in Pl. Thurb. p- 808, ne - Mexico. Arizona. his and the three preceding species have a nak d panicle of small flowers. sear tate 16. A. Patmeri A, Gray in Proc. Am. A Hab. Mexico! Arizona, Lower Cali
ae o
cad. vii. p. 289, fornia,
18. A. incanum Sweet, Hort. Brit. j r S30. Presl, Reliq. Haenk, ii, p. 116, ex. deser, pag ers lane Prod. i. p. 468. 4. Texense & A, Nuttallit Torr, & Gray, Fl Amer 1, p. 231, Sida ramosissima Dietr. Synop. iv. p. 8538, °°
Hab. Mexico! Texas! New Mexico, Arizona! Sandwich Is,!
74 SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVER.
19. A. rriqvetrum Presl, Reliq. Haenk. ii. p. 115. Sida tri-
quetra L.; DC. Prod. i. p. 468. 8S. “asian gat Jacq. Am. p. 195. = b. Mexico! Yucatan! Cuba
= pp Schl. in ane xi. p. 366. Sida Keerlena
Btond Nom. B
Hab. South sateen 21. A. matacum §. Wats. in ee Am. Acad. xxi. p. 446.
Hab. reer Chihuahua
22, A, HOLOSERICEUM Shula’ in eg xxl. p. 471. A. velu- tinum A. Gray, Ill. Gen. Pl. Am. bor. ii. p. 67, t. 125.
Ha exico! New Me xico !
This plant has been referred by A. Garcke in Zeit. fur Naturw. 1890, p. 124, to Wissadula. It is possibly the same as af erosum Schl. in Linnea, xi x1. p. 367 (S. suberosa Dietr. Syn. iv. p. 858).
23. A. Anprrevxu Hemsl. Diag. Pl. Nov. pars alt. p. 24.
eae South Mexico. Oaxaca, Andrieua, Be: !
agg aaah Pees sen Haenk. ii. p. 115. Sida oo Dietr. Synop. iv. p. Hab. West ects: pS
+ + Petala reflexa vel subreflexa. 25. A. prvaricatum Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 1858, p. 204. Hab. South Mexico, nr. Vera Cruz, Linden, No. 1878! Galeotti, No. crass Cordova, Bourgeau, No. 1740. 26. A. mexicanum Presl, Relig. Haenk. ii. p.115. Sida bibracteo- lata Diete, Synop. iv. p. 856. H Mexico. Guatemala! ag to A. petiolare H. B. K. A. ELATUM co. Fl. Brit. West Indies, p. 79. Sida elata Maced. Fl. Jam ae South elt Sa Jamaica ! whee slr meg A. Rich. Fl. Cub. i. p. 158. Sida con- feria Dietr. Synop. iv 56. Hab. Cuba, Wright, No. 1572! Trinidad! ** Australi-Americana Ins. rat. de rarissime Centrali- “Auntie?
29. A. THYRSODENDRON Griseb, in *Goblt Abhand. xxiv. p. 48. Hab. Argentine Republic.
- A. RamirLoruM St. Hil. Fl. Bras. Merid. i. p. 199. ? Sida polystachya Vell. Fl. Flum. vii. t. 22. 8. ramiflora Dietr. Synop. lv. p. 852.
Hab. er ard Balansa, 1608! Gibert ! Brazil, Herb. Imp. — No. 1308 !
. A. anistutosum K. Schum. I. ¢ ce. p. 8 Hab, Brazil, nr. Piccada, Pohl, No. 3989 (d.n. 1821), * yp hceiaiichbAote Garcke ex Andersson, Galap. Oar.
Vege sae Galapagos Is, |
SYNOPSIS OF GENERA AND SPECIES OF MALVEA. 75
. A. cicanteum Presl, Ape) Haenk. ii. p. 116. Sida gigantea Paes rc Schoenb. ii. p. 8, t. 141 exico ! New ‘een Peru! Venezuela, Fendler, 2287! 9
aah DETONSA Triana . Planch. Prod. Fl. Nov. Granat. p- 183.
ew Granada
Related to A. elatum Griseb.
34. A. stENopETALUM Garcke in Bot. ie mete: p- 683.
Hab. Venezuela, Funcke et Schlim, No. 180!
35. A. cymosum Tr. & Pl. Prod. FI. a? Granat. p. 185. A. agra Seem. Bot. Herald, p. 83.
- . Panama! New Granada ! Bolivia ! 7 Grevitteanum Walp. Rep. i. p. 158. Sida Grevilleana qin, th Bot. Mise. iii. p. 154. 8. Doniana Gill. MS.
Hab. Chili! Ecuador, Jameson, 605 in part !
*** Bahamense.
37. A. Egger sp. — Caule erecto fruticoso ramoso tereto velutino, foliis j cares ovatis acuminatis vel sbaisninatix acute 5-lobatis lobo medio majore parce discoloris utrin nque molliter cinereo-pubescentibus basi cordatis serratis, floribus pani- culatis paniculis foliosis, pedunculis pedicellisque teretibus siniaiee
Hab. Bahamas. “In sylvestribus New Providence, Seven Hills,” Eggers, No. 4288! Herb. Mus. Brit. Stem about 8 ft high ; leaves about $ in. long ; petioles 1-1} in.; carpels 4 in. long. arpels of this plant are venti g muticous and reniform, and eosinbls those of Abutilon muticu * *** Gerontogea.
38. A. ramosum Guill. & Perr. Fl. Seneg. i. p. 68. 4. sparman- nioides ony & Perr. l.c. p. 70. A. Masarpotdes Webb, jt a8 Fl. Aeth. A. —— Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. p. Sida ramosa Cav, C. Prod. i. p. 469.
Hab. Tr ropica. al Africa ! India, North-West Provinces. Closely related to A. cymosum Tr. & Pl.
89. A. pipentatum Hochst. in Fl. Abyss. i. p. 68. Sida bidentata Hochst.
Hab. Tropical Africa! India! Arabia.
40. A. oneiousre Hochst. ex Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. i. p. 68. Sida longicuspis Hochst. in herb, S. scans R. Br. in Salt, Abyss. p. Hab. Abyssinia ! Mozambique District !
r, Hitpesranprn. — Caule ligneo ramoso, foliis cordatis acu- min re serratis, floribus axillaribus, petalis obcuneatis reflexis, carpellis apiculatis,
76 THE MOSSES OF GUERNSEY,
Hab. East Africa. N’di (Taita), J. M. Hildebrandt, No. 2683!
Differs from the type in the carpels, which are pointed.
41. A. aurirum Sweet, Hort. Brit. i. p. 53. 4. atropurpureum Don, Gen. Syst. i. p. 502. A. pyramidale Turcez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mose. 1858, p. 203. A. stipulare Presl, Reliq. Haenk, ii. p. 114. A. Guichenotianum Dec. in Herb. Timor. Dese. p. 106. Sida atro- purpurea Bl, Bij. i. p.77. 8S. aurita DC, Prod. i. p. 468; Bot. Mag. t. 2495
Hab. Malaya! PhilippineIs.! Queensland! New Caledonia!
Naturalised largely in the Tropics.
42, A. tTruworrENse Don, Gen. Syst. i. p. 500. Sida Timoriensis DC. Prod, i. p. 468.
Hab. Timor. Sida Pentacarpos Roxb., DC. Prod. i. p. 473, and S. Sesei Lag. Nov. Gen. p. 21, are doubtful species belonging to this group.
(To be continued.)
THE MOSSES OF GUERNSEY. By E. D. Margquanp.
island during the last three or four years may be of interest. Considering the small size of the island,—its area is under twenty- five square miles,—its moss-flora is an extremely rich one, no less than 142 species being enumerated below. And it is certain that many additions are yet to be made, especially among the spring and summer-fruiting species, for my moss collecting has been con- fined almost entirely to late autumn and winter. Many species of
_ Three species in the subjoined list I have not myself seen here, viz., issidens exilis, Hypnum molluseum, and Bryum Mildeanum ; but they are recorded in the Revue Bryologique for 1887 as having been gathered in Guernsey by Mons. J. Cardot during a hurried
THE MOSSES OF GUERNSEY. 77
visit to the island i in 1885; and in Braithwaite’s Moss- Flora, vol. ii.
for this island. The list of species given in Ansted’s “ores Islands is utterly worthless, and the deductions drawn i the author of the book (who was not the Seiaipilen of of the list) are perfectly absur
Seeing that the highest elevation of land hardly exceeds 400 ft. above sea-level, the occurrence in the island of such mosses as Bryum alpinum, Grimmia cpr ne vay some other sub-alpine species, is rather remarka Am those most noteworthy by their
sides of a small waterfall on the aout beilet; fruiting abundantly in October ; and Trichostomum (Mollia) lutescens, of which this is the second known n locality in the kingdom, the other station being Killarney. These, as well as many others of my doubtful ga therings, have been identified by my friend Mr. Henry Boswell, M.A., to whom I am much indebted for kindly assistance in my moss-work during many years past. It is unnecessary to encumber these pages with the local names of habitats and other points of use only to a worker on the spot; it will suffice to give a general idea of the pee ach distribution of each species in the island, a aaa more precise information will find it in a paper which will era in the —— oming Transactions of the Guernsey ‘Bociety of Natural Science ce e in 7 future paper to give a list of the Hepatice of nsey; meanwhile it may be well to place on record the
C) colea sat which Mr. Boswell and I found during one of our rambles last August; it occurs plentifully at a original station, and since then I have gathered it in two or three widely-separated localities, so that it seems to be a fairly distributed plant in Guernsey. Lophocolea spicata was first discovered in England some five or six years ago by my old friend the late Mr. Wot Cain found it on the extreme western coast of Cornwall, at St. J ust, near the Land’s End, and I am not aware that it has been seen elsewhere ; so that its occurrence in Guernsey, i in a direct line from the south of Ireland, through West Cornwall, is of cried interest.
Sphagnum acutifolium Ehr. Very D.majus Turn. Rar
rare. emeyoese Bf coiilies B. & §S. ik rs sve microstomum Hedw. Very rare.
Rather os Me Ge Brid. Common on Weissia soliihietsd Hedw. ‘to the cl W. mucronata Bruch. Rax C. hades Brid. Rare. Dicranella heteromalla Hedw. C. subulatus Sch. Very rare.
° 5
! creme
D. scoparium L. Common. — yriform Rar
ths or’ rephgiliol On the Lexy pou it “Local southern cliffs, and r
78 THE MOSSES Lions nitidum Hedw. Found but
P. ire um Li. Freq
P. cuspidatum et ue Fee common. Paige fens L. Com rmedia Turn. a common P. Wilsoni Hook. Rare. P. lioat Mitt. Rare. erula Mitt. hee P. Heimii edw. Ver Reemeinmdielan!, &B. "Rather BD. gm us Hornsch. Rare Dinu Slexicaule Schwg. ‘Very rar richstomsn tophaceum Brid.
7. oak. Brash: Common.—
escens Lind (Braith. Fl, p. 246). Very _ Ff. ip Tah ey Bruch. Com
T, littorale Mitt. Rather common. Benen ambigua B.& 8. Rather
B. stroviren Sm. Frequent near the
B. soins L. Very common. B. unguiculata Dill. Common. B. =inindetog Tayl. Rather com-
p38 is Brid. Common, Fo Hormschcliana Sch. Very
B, uae ae Schweg. one B. convoluta Hedw. Rar - commutata Sur. Ve i rare. B. squarrosa Brid. Rather com- mon near the gs B, ne Brid. Rather com-
B. sparen Nees. Rare. B. ruralis L. Common on the sandhills.
Ceratodon purpureus LL. Very _ common. Grimmia maritima Turn. Com-
mon on the coast,
OF GUERNSEY.
G. pulvinata Dill. Rather com-
mon. G. trichophylla Grev. coe G. leucophea Grey. Common on the cliffs; ; fruiting abuadagsile
in one Rhacomitriun hetieas stichum, var. - (Grimmia afinis Braath.).
Ptychomitrium polyphyllum Dicks. ery rare,
Aygodon viridissimus Dicks. Com-
n.—Var. rupestris. Rare rtoni. Very rare.
Ulota phyllantha Brid. Common. Or “Stregees affine Schrad. Rather 0. iitinn Boneh, Rar O. diaphanum Schrad. ‘Heat common. O. pulchellum Sm. Very Physcomitrium pyriforme a Tees Entosthodon ericetorum Bals. Fre- quent on the cliffs. unarta hygrometrica Li. Com- mon,
si raha pomiformis L. Com-
Philonotis Jontana Li, Very rare. eptobryum pyriformeL. Ingreen- house flower-pots.
Bryum ventions Hornsch. Rare.
B. murale Wils. Rather rare
B. atropurpureum W. &M. Rather com
B. Mildeanum Juratz. -(Cardot, 1885).
B. alpinum L. Southern cliffs, B. caspititium L. Rather com-
B. “is peatdlie L. nema rare, B. capillare LL. Com
B. pseudotriquetrum Hoe: Rare. Mnium undulatum Hedw. Rare. M. Host nage L. Very rare. M. ho
ery common.
M. Susciahin Hedw. Very rare.
Aulacomnion palustre L. Rare. -
Atrichum undulatum L. Rather common.
THE MOSSES Pogonatum nanum Neck. Rather
rare. P. aloides Hedw. More common than the last. Polytrichum formosum Hedw. requen P; piliferwm Schreb. Southern
m Willd. Common.
Fissidens bryoides Hedw. Very common.
F. Curnowii Mitt. Found but once.
F, exilis Hedw.
F. viridulus Wils.
F. “gone Spruce ‘Brith, M.
sae ty 1885).
Fl. p. 84). Very
F. adiantoides Hodes! ’ Rather common.
F. taxifolius L.
pit at othe Hale Very
Ropoden Smithii egos Ve
g on a_ boulder.
on is seer unusual to -_ this
88 growing on ston Mookivs eae rape Lis anal er
Homalia daidammasinids Schreb. are. Pterygophyllum lucens 8m. Rather common Hedw.
Pterogonium gracile Dill. Rare. gi nium alopecurum Li. Rather
Thuidium tamariscinum Common
Pylaiia oddities Schreb. Very
Iuothoiun nanee Poll. Rather com
Hibiabis Ricco sericeum L. Very
lutescens Huds.
m
Scleropodium illecebrum Schwg.
Common.
Brachythecium glareosum B. & 8. Ra
B. albicuns Neck. Rather com- mon,
OF GUERNSEY. 79 B. rutabulum L. Very common. B. rivulare B. &
B. plumosum 8 Eurhynchium
on.
Comm ] L.
rtz. myosuroides F., circinatum Brid. Rather ecom-
on.
EF. striatum Schreb. se
F.. crassinervium Tavl. Rar
E. piliferum Schreb. Frequent . speciosum Brid. Rar
E. Swartzii Turn. Rave,
E. prelongum Dill. Very com- mon.
E. pumilum Wils. Rather com- mon.
F. Teesdalii Sm. Very rar
Rhynchostegium tenellum Dicks. Rare.
R. confertum Dicks.
mon. R. megapolitanum Bland. Very
R. ruscifolium Neck. Common. Plagiothecium denticulatum LL.
Very com-
Com mmon. P. Borrerianum Spruce. Rare. P. sylvaticum L. Rather rare. Amblystegium serpens L. Rather
common. A. irriguum Wils. Rare riparium L. Rare. — Var
longifolium. Very rare. Hypnum filicinum L. Common. Hi, cupressiforme L. Very com-
mon.—Var. lacunosum. Com-
mon. Hi. resupinatum Wils.
common. H. molluscum Hedw.
Very (Cardot,
rare.
2. stellatum ae Local and
“ L. Very common. H. purum i. Very common.
Hyloconium splendens Dill. Very
H, geese hs: oh Ehr. Rare. H. — rrosum L. Rather com-
HA, enka Rar H, frigustion L. Rather rare,
80
RUBI OF WOBURN SANDS. By Epwarp F. Linton, M.A.
Tere is a sandy tract on re borders of Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire, where the L. & e fro dford to Bletchley cuts the county boundar ae which ‘ans a soil so similar to that of Bournemouth, that locally the village of Woburn Sands, which owes its origin to the planting here of the railway station for Woburn (two miles away), is sometimes spoken of as the ‘“‘ Midland Bournemouth.” Owing to the foresight of a former Duke of Bedford, the low sandy hills are clothed with Scotch fir as the predominating tree; and itis not difficult to imagine oneself, when walking through the woodland rides, in the Talbot Woods or Branksome Park of the southern watering- -place It struck me that it would be interesting to compare the beainbloa of these two districts ; and on the last day of Pepe 1892, I was able to spend several hours studying this on both ay of the boundary. I will take those within the sate of Bue Bucks (24). a “These I find, after Soong ee ven Mr. Arthur Bennett and Mr. G. C. Druce, to be new to the county :—Rubus plicatus W.& N. The Rev. W. Moyle Rites Bache this had a peculiar look; not that he had any other name to suggest; as a matter of fact, I think it is simply peculiar in being shade-grown; conseanany the leaves lose ae plicate character ; I have speci- mens with just such flat leaves from De rbyshire, Norfolk, and nae y. The sails is not at all untypical. — R. nemoralis P. J. Muell, (the ordinary wmbrosus, auct.). In woodland, south of the village. — R. pyramidalis Kalt. Wooded side of a wet lane. The specimens are - Aare of the usual thick clothing under the leaf, owing to the wet and shady situation; but Mr. Rogers arrived at the same conclusion, independently, that the plant was R. pyrami- dalis. There were a few bushes visible; probably more in the wood. —R. Drejeri G. Jensen. Named for me by the Rev. W. Moyle ers. “Only one bush was noticed. It struck me at once as a species I was not famili - with, na cg = the living state.— R. rudis Weihe. Only noticed in : two or three bushes. This is a typical form of the plant, ane “Frentionl with the Oxford- shire material which has been issued in Fasc. I. of the Set of British ubi.—On a form of the hirtus group, fonand in fair quantity in the woodland just south of the village, Dr. W. O. Focke writes as follows :—‘‘ R. flaccidifolius P. J. Muell., I believe. It is dis- tinguished from all forms of the hirtus group by its sepals reflexed in fruit.” I am not aware that this has been noted for Britain before.—R. dumetorum W. & N. In hedgerows. — R. Balfourianus Blox. A good tvpeenl form of this variable species; hedgerows, south of the village. Besides these I noticed R. Idaus L., in the woods; R. rusticanus Merc., R. leucostachys Schleich., and R, Raduta Weihe, by road- oot already recorded ; also R. pieepcee'y us W. & abun dant on
MARINE ALG OF CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. $1
I understand from Mr. Bennett, has not been placed on record for the county, but Mr. Druce tells me he has it from another part of Bucks.
ere I may mention that in College Wood, near ive Horwood, in a clay district of Bucks, I found the next day R. adornatus P. J. Muell., named for me by the Rev. W. Moyle Hower’, ‘and very fine R. sohigasil Lindl., in some profusion ; both additional to Top. Bot. ed. 2.
Beps (30).—Of the brambles observed in = Mr. A. Bennett tells me that those rat to the county are . Lindleianus Lees, R. TN. 4 lat auct. rusticanus R. macrophyllus
labrate form: rather harsh eaies ‘the leaf, R. Radula
side
: y Guise. In of these esteemed hedgerows a - ristatie. Sich took my attsndiea, which had the aspect of R.
cami it was, however, perfectly barren, and by degrees I ptred at the conclusion that it ‘ans R. Lindleianus x susniennles @ view in which the Rev. W. Moyle Rogers entirely concu
n comparing this list of the brambles of Woburn lands with
those of Bournemouth, I am struck by the dissimilarity of the two lists. In fact, only the most ubiquitous of our British brambles occur at both places.
A PROVISIONAL LIST OF THE MARINE ALGA OF THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.
By Erne §S. Barron, (Continued from p. 65.)
aan none Suhr. Seal Island, Challenger! Shore of Kaffraria, 9 Geogr. Distr. Mauritius.
B. arricana Aresch. Saldanha Bay to False Bay, jide Areschoug.
B. pLumosa oe Kalk Bay, Boodle! Cape Point, Boodle! Camps Bay, Tyson
gr. Distr. Adlantio. Australia. West Indies.
B. setacea Hering. (? incl. B. agent gg Kiitz.). Kei Mo 5 Flanagan! Port Natal, Krauss! No. 2 (I have not seen authentic specimen of B. myosuroides Kit , but from his des etip- tion and figure, Tab. Phye. vol. vi., I aes but little heslintion! in pronouncing it to be B. saiiiven Hering.).
Cauterpa Houmesiana G. Murr. Algoa Bay, Becker! Kei Mouth, Flanagan!
C. mg J. Ag. Algoa Bay, Becker! Kei Mouth, Flanagan!
C, uigutata Harv. Simons Bay, Challenger! Kalk Bay, Boodle! False lay: Medfitan Cape Agulhas, Krauss! Hohenack! Meer- algen, Nos. 206, 480. Cape Recife, Bowerbank! Algoa Bay, Eck- lon, Cau. Sutherland | Bowerbank! Kei Mouth. Fla
JougnaL or Borany.—Vou. 31. (Marcu, 1898.] G
82 MARINE — OF CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.
Natal, Gueinzius! Cape, te ee oa exsice. No. 28; Reliquie Brebiss.! Ser. 2
C. cuavirera J. Ag. ena Sipe ‘Natal, Gueinzius |
Geogr. Distr. Tropical se
C. cnemntrzia Lam. Port Natal, fide Areschoug.
Geogr. Distr. Brazil. West Indies. Indian Ocean ng
Coprum tomentosum Ag. From mouth of Olifants River to Port Natal, Drege. Table Bay, Krauss, Boodle! Sea Point, Boodle False Bay, Reynolds! Algoa Bay, Ecklon. ne Mout, Flanagan! Natal, Krauss. Cape, Brand! Gueinzius | Hb.
Geogr. Distr. General,
C. renve Kiitz. nee pi rear Hohenack ! weeds 3 No. 496.
Geogr. Distr. Red §
C. sLoneatum Ag. Car ape, Pappe, fide Kiitzing. I sae specimens of this plant from the Cape. It is probable that t shade recorded are CU. Lindenbergit Bind. See De Toni, Sylloge _— vol. i. p. 496.
Geogr. Distr. Atlantic. Mediterranean. Prec
C. Liypenseren Bind. eee Hb. Dickie
geile Distr. N. Pacific ?
C. yLopium Aresch. Port agent Jide Areschoug. Algoa Bay, HD. Dickie ! Cape Morgan, Flana
C. ARIOIDES Harv. Gspe Point, saath
~~ Datta Australia
HatiMEDA CUNEATA Heting. inel, H, obovata Kiitz.). Algoa Bay, Sutherland | Port Alfred, Carr! Natal, Krauss. Cape, Hb. Dickie!
Il1Il.—PHMOPHYCEA. UCACER.
IFURCARIA BRASSICHFoRMIS Stackh. (= Pycnophycus brassice- Jormis Kiitz., incl. P. sisymbrioides Kiitz.). Cape Town, Burchell ! Cape Point, Boodle! Sea Point, Tyson! Muysen berg, Harvey ! Table Bay, Pappe! Algoa nh Holub! Natal, Gueinzius! Cape, Hohenack.! Reeve! Seott Ellio
B. tusercunatus Stackh. fe Pycnophycus Janene Kiitz.). Table fas Wenek | ee Agulhas, Hohenack.! Knysna, Krauss. ape, Harvey b, se ale cs North J iain B. TUS = eae ices. Levieatus Kitz. Cape Agulhas, Hohenack Ne. No. 320. TUS ‘A Cape, Ecklon. Gains Dire North Atlantic, Aretic and Baltic. F. vesicutosus L, Cape, Ecklon. es Distr. Northern seas. Australia.
- constrictus Harv. Camps Bay, Tyson! Table Bay, Harvey! Pappe! Green Point, Farsoy’ Gaye e, "Hb. Die Dickie! This iat has been placed in several different genera by authors, i.e., Ca arpo- glossum, Fucodium, and Carpephylium, In several points it resembles
MARINE ALGH OF CAPE OF Sep HOPE. 83
Pela ate but for Pom ° present I retain Harvey’s practice, and keep it in the genus
rater TRIQUETRA ane Cape, fide Bory. Cape, Koenig.
C. ertcores J. Ag. Cape Agulhas, Hohenack,
Geogr. Distr. North Atlantic. Mediterranean. Adriatic.
Scaseria Acarpan Grey. Natal, Krauss.
Geogr. Distr. Australia. Tasmania.
CakPoPHYLLUM scaLARE Suhr. Cape, Drege.
Conrarinia austrauis Endl. et Dies. Cape Agulhas, Hohenack. !
o. 218. Port Natal, Gueinzius, Péppig. Cape, Drege. This may Goethly be the same as Carpophyllum scalare Suhr, but as I have not seen the type- a of that plant, I must leave this point undecided for the pre In any case, however, the name nai inia rust fall, as ‘that had been previously used for a genus of red alge.
Sarcassum ELEGANS Suhr. Cape, Dr ge.
S. tenpicerum Ag. Port Pat Krauss.
Geogr. Pim Warm Atlan
S. inctsrrotium Ag. aliscahe ‘Bars Ecklon. Table Bay, Wenek! Kalk Bagi Boodle! Pappe! Cape Agulhas, Hohenack.! No. 219. Mouth of Zwart Mere irelegell Knysna, Krauss. Plettenberg Bay, H. D. Horne! Algoa Bay, Holub! Cape, Menzies, Dickie! Harvey ! aki NULLIPORA = CaRPACANTHUS GLOMERaTUs Kiitz. Table Bay,
w.
Geogr. Distr. West Indies.
8. nETERopHyLLUM Ag. Algoa Bay, Hb. Dickie! Cape Colony, Hb. Holmes! Port Natal, Krauss
8. tonerronrum Ag. Simons Bay, Pappe! Cape Agulhas, Hohenack.! No.169, Steel! Sar Alfred, Slavin! Natal, T. Cooper! Cape, Hb. R. Brown Harvey |,
Geogr. Distr. Indian Ocean and New Zealand.
8. VULGARE a Knysna, Boodle! Algoa Bay, Ecklon; Hb. Dickie! Cape, Harvey!
B. snautencnee Port Natal, Krauss
Geogr. Distr. Warm Atlantic. West Indies.
8. aFFINE J. ky. Cape, Hehenack.! Meeralgen, No. 865, Cape,
W. Ferguson ! Geogr. Distr. West Indies, S. pyrirorme Ag. Port _ Krauss.
Case: Distr. Indian Oce
8. uinrouium J. Ag. Swe a Ecklon
oo Distr. Mediterranean (Canary Islands, rare). West dies
8. Baccirerum Ag. vee Hb. Dickie! Drege!
Geogr. Distr. Warm oceans.
TURBINARIA DECURRENS Bark, Port Natal, Krauss.
Geogr. Distr, Indian Ocean, Malay Archipelago, China Seas, GQ
84 MARINE ALGA OF CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.
SPLACHNIDIACES.
Spracuniprum ruGcosum Grev. Seal Island, Challenger! Sea Point, Boodle! False Bay, eid Knysna, Natal, Krauss. Cape, Fee Brown | Koenig, Drege, Tyson !
Geogr. Distr. Australia. New Zealand.
DictTyoTaces. Dicryota picnotoma J. Ag. Cape Point, Boodle! Kalk Bay, hig stocaas Bay, Ecklon. sion Natal, Drege, Krauss! Gueinzius! LEXA J, Ag. pe Agulhas, Hohenack.! Meeralgen,
‘Geogr. Distr. Warm and iar oceans. . LinEaRIS Ag. Port Natal, Kraus. Geogr. Distr. iene and teighiboariig Atlantic. West Indies. [Red Se D. nzvosa J. he “Plotteiibers Bay, Horne! Algoa Bay, Ecklon, Hb. Dickie! mg ey to Port Natal, Krauss. Kei Mouth, Flanagan! Cape, P eogr. Distr. West Indies. D. rascrora Lam. Cape Agulhas, Hohenacker! Meeralgen, No, 512. Geogr. Distr. Mediterranean, Red Sea, West Indies. D. sorta J. Ag. Kalk Bay, Pappe! D. venticutata Ag. Cape, Hohenacker! Meeralgen, No. 511. D. trrvrata J. Ag. Kalk Bay, Hb. Trin. Coll. Dublin!
Pappe’s writing is clearly a form of D. nevosa Z. Ag., under which name I neve therefore included that record. Geogr
D. Piva Kiitz. Kalk Bay, Pappe.
Species inquirenda,
D, ponycarpa Se Simons Bay, Pappe ONAR upta Ag. Table Bay, Wenek | Milk Bay (False Bay), B. MeMillan! Cape pees Hohenack.! Meeralgen, No. 156. Plettenberg Bay, H. D. Horne! Algoa Bay, Ecklon, Holub! Burchell, Lib, Dickie! Port Alfred, W. Carr! Kei Mouth, Flana- gan | Cape Colony, ex Hb, Holmes! Port Natal, Dr. Stanger | No. 8974; Krauss. Ca: ape, Pappe! Zeyher! Hb. Shuttleworth! Ares-
choug, Phye. extraeurop. exsicc. No: 58.
eon ae Distr. Teneriffe, Indian Ocean, Tasmania, and New
Z. puumeea Aresch. Natal ei Jide Areschoug.
Z. MULTIFIDA Harv. ( = rveyana Pappe and Phycopteris Harveyana Kiitz.). Kalk Bay, Pepe Cape, Harvey! Hohenack. ! (To be continued,)
85
FIRST RECORDS OF BRITISH FLOWERING PLANTS. COMPILED BY Wituram A. Crarke, F.L.S. (Continued from vol. xxx., p. 345.)
s torminalis Ehrh. Beitr. vi. 92 (1791). 1597. ‘In Kent it groweth in great aboundance, especially about Southfleete and Gravesend.”’—Ger. 1288.
P. Aria Sm. Fi. Brit. ii. 534 ee wages “In Angliz
ay gree sylvosis frequentem videas.”’— ;
cuparia Gaertn. Fruct. ii. 45 a7siy. 1562. “«Groweth in moyst woddes and it is called in Northumlande a rowne tre, &c.” —Turn. ii. 143.
P. communis L. Sp. Pl. thy lee 1562. ‘‘ Wylde Pere tre... gee knowen.”’—Turn
z. s L. Sp. Pl. 479 (i768), 1562. ‘Malus sylvestris realled) i in ae oa countre a Crab tre in y® North countre a scarbtre.’’—Turn. ii. 47, bac
Mespilus PES A Sp. Pl. 478 oe Et te times in aalies among briars and bramble ~ in the hedges betwixt Hampsted heath and Highgate. Mare tt, 77.
Crategus ah desearrage: L. Sp. Pl. 477 (1753). 1562. “Our como hawthorn.”—Turn. ii. 73, back. ‘‘Oxyacantha ... Angli May dicunt.’”’—Lob. Adv, 443 (1570).
Cotoneaster integerrimus Med. Bot. 85 (1793). CC. vulgaris Lindl. Syn. 104 (1829). 1828. ‘On the limestone cliffs of the Great Ormshead, Carnarvonshire, in various places. . Wil- son, 1825.”—Sm. Engl. Fl. iv. 268. From a note on the E. B. drawing, it appears that Wilson first noticed it in 1821 or oe Mr. J. W. Griffith perhaps discovered it in 1783; see H. B. 8. 2
Saxifraga oppositifolia L. Sp. Pl. 402 yee 1677. o a ae i a ” Yorkshire.—Ray, Cat. ed. 2, 2'
S. nivalis L. Sp. Pl. 401 Cry 1641. cen Mere. Bot. pars alt. "38 ” Sedum serratum
S. stellaris L. Sp. Pl. 400 (738) Yeon! eas the moyst Rockes at Snowdon.’’—Johns. Mere. Bot. par
S. Geum L. Sp. Pl. 401 (1753). 1806. og ade by Mr. J. T. Mackay on a mountain near Dingle, in the County of Kerry, Ireland, in September, 1804.”—
umb Pl. ed. 2, 574 (1762). 1697. ‘Grows plentifully here with us of 7 and, on a mountain called the
ie gg in ee —Dr. T. Molyneux in Phil. Trans. xix. 510. Ss. s L. Sp. Pl. oa (1753). 1724. Gy ound by Dr. Kingstone on on. Knotaort -moor, Cheshire.” —R. Syn. iii. 855.
S. aizoides L. Sp. Pl. 403 ve 1670. vi On the sides of elig agp ors hill ‘(Yorksh.) . : . . » in Westmoreland.” — Ray, Cat. 279
Ss. tridactylites L. Sp. Pl. 404 (1753). 1597. ‘“ Upon the bricke wall in weryniy a [London] belonging to the Harle of Southampton.’’—Ger
86 FIRST RECORDS OF BRITISH FLOWERING PLANTS.
S. rivularis L. Sp. Pl. 404 (1753). 1800. ‘On Ben Nevis, Scotland. Dr. Townson.’’—Sm. FI. Brit. ii. 454
S. cernua L. Sp. Pl. 403 (1753). 1794. “ Amongst the eg on the summit of Ben Lawers.”—James Dickson in Trans. Lin Soe. ii. 290.
S. granulata L. Sp. Pl. 402 a 1568. ‘In diverse places of inane Turn. iii. 67 g.).
S. ceespitosa L. Sp. Pl. 404 (1758). 1800. “On alpine rocks above Lake Idwell, in Carnarvonshire, rare. J. W. Griffith, Esq., in Herb. Soc. c. Linn.”—Sm. Fl. Brit. ii. 4
8. detiniona Ehrh. 1798. * Gathered wild on the rocks of Cwm Idwell, besaa ya North Wales, by Mr. Griffith, in the end of May last.”—E. B. 4
poe hypnoides L. Sp. Pl. 105 (1758). 1640. ‘On the Moun-
s of ere TN iere with us, as Mr. Hosket [Hesketh] told us.”— Park, Theat Chryso nium oppositifoium I. ere EY 398 he): 1570. ‘In Anglie humentibus sax —Lob. Adv. 267. “ About Bath and Wels,” &c. ee! , 698.
C. alternifolium L. Sp. Pl. 398 hee = 1666. ‘Near Hedley, cine ppt Mr. Brown.”—Merrett, 109.
Parnassia palustris L. Sp. Pl. 76 (1758). 1597. “In Lansdall aud Atay in the north part of England; at Doncaster,”’ &c.—Ger. 6
ibes api L. Sp. Pl. 200 (1758). 1688. “In agro cha invenit D. Dodsworth.’’—Ra ay, Hist. ii. 1486. brum Pl. 200 (1753). 1568. “By a waters side at “Clo ouer in ‘Somerset shyre in the possession of Maister Horner.”’—Turn. iii. 2 . nigrum Lyi Bp.’ Pl. th eek 1660. ‘By the rivers side at Abington” (Cambs). 139.
Tillea muscosa L. Sp. PI. 199 (1758). 1775. “On Dray- ton Heath and several other places near Norwich, in great plenty. First examined and ascertained by the Rev. el [Henry] Bryant,
in 1766.”—Rose’s Elements of Botany, App. 4
Cotyledon Umbilicus L. Sp. Pl. 429 ( (1758), Bk “In welles and divers places of Summerset shyre.”-—Turn. ii. 169.
chen ta cop. Fl. Carn. ed. st ee arn, S. Rhodiola DC. (1805). 1597. ‘Upon sundry m in the north part a England, especially in a place called Soran Fels.’”’—Ger.
s Bor eget “ oe Pl. 480 (1758). 1597. “ Plentifully in
. - Englande.”—
“8. villosum L ‘Sp. “Ph 432 Skeet 1666. ‘On the North side of Ingleborough hil ”—Merrett
8. album ngs * Pi. - (1758. 1634. “In locis saxosis et asperis.”——Johns. Mere. Bot. 67, “Very plentifully on many of og tate’ d coh in Siti; in the Isle of Ely ’’ (Cambs.).—
S. anglicum Huds. ii. 196 (1778). 1670. “In sterilioribus ra age ary a Yarmouth ad Dunwich plurimum observavimus.”’
FIRST RECORDS OF BRITISH FLOWERING PLANTS. 87
S. acre L. Sp. Pl. 482 (1753). 1538, “Sedum minus puto esse herbam quam vulgus appellat acs aut Stoncrop.”—-Turn. Lib.
S. rupestre Lb. Sp. Pl. 481 (1753). 1666. ‘Sedum Divi Vincentii N. D. Mr. Goodyer. ee 111.
S. Forsterianum ae EK. B. t. 1802. 1807. ‘ Gathered in 1806 by E. Forster, Jun., on a rock at the ap of the Rhydoll near the one s-bridge, Cardiganshire .’——K.
osera rotundifolia L. Sp. Pl. 281 (1758). 1568. ‘Rosa wslinas is a litle small herbe that groweth in mossey groundes and in fennes and watery mores. *__Turn. iii, 79.
D. anglica Huds. ii. 185 (1778). 1640. ‘‘ This was sent me by Mr. Zanche Silliard an Apothecarie of Dublin in Ireland, which sort wee have growing by Ellestmere in Shropshire by the waysides (the anor of Dr. Coote).””—Park.
D. intermedia Hayne. 1660. ‘On Hinton moor’ (Cambs. —R. C. C. 1389 (1660). ae may be the Ros et foliis oblonyis of Johns. Mere. Bot. p. 65 (1
Hippu uris vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. 4 (1753). 1597. ‘In waterish places.”"—Ger. 957. Near Sandwich, Kent.—-Johnson, ‘‘ Kent,’’ p.
23 (1632
Myr eo e ey llum verticillatum L. Sp. Pl. 992 (1753). 1660. ‘‘In the rivulet Stoure by the little Islet ... above the Paper mills ’’ (Cambs, ).—
M. spicatum L. "Sp. Pl. 992 (1753). 1640. “In our land.”’—-Park. Theatr. 1258. ‘In the river [Cam] about Stret- ham eee: ie o. C. 99 (1660).
24. ‘In foss
M. DC. Fi. Fr. 17 prope Lien Bridge haud procul a Hedinw. J. Bobart ps ocr i —-Ray Syn Callitriche pants (aggregate), L. Sp. Pl. ed. ii. 6 (1762). 1597. An ‘‘ herbe of small ean - floteth upon the water called . ihdae! Starwoort.’’——Ger. C. umnalis L. Sp. Pa ae rs é are 1830. ‘ Llyn Maelog, Anglesea Mr. W. W ——Hoo r. Fl. ed. i. 884, um Salicaria L. Sy PL 446 A788). 1548. * groweth by oer feiss -Turn. Names, E. ij back. ‘‘ Under the Bishops
39
house wall at Lambeth neere the water ae wre ’-Ger. 388.
L. Hyssopifolia L. Sp. Pl. 447 (17 1633. ‘‘ Found by my friend Mr. Bowles at Dorchester in Oxfordahive.” Johnson. —Ger. em. 5
Peplis Portula L. Sp. Pl. 332 (1753). 1632. Johnson,
e Kent,” p. 33. Hawes Clapham heath and — and betweene Kentish Towne and Hampstead.’’—Ger, e
Epilobium angustifolium L. Sp. Pl. 347 re, 1597. ‘© In Yorkshire in a place called the Hooke.’’—Ger.
E. hirsutum L. Sp. Pl. 847 (1753). 1597. igs honed waters (but not in the waters) i in all places for the most pa: Ger. 388.
E. parviflorum Schreb. Spic. 146 (1771). 1629. Johnson ‘ Kent,’ p. 8 (‘‘ Lysimachia siliquosa minor hirsuta ”’ E.montanum L. Sp. Pl. 3848 (1753). 1570, «Tn Anglia
88 FIRST RECORDS OF BRITISH FLOWERING PLANTS. observatur ... locis . - umbrosis saxosis aut minus udis.’’—Lob. dv. 145.
. lanceolatum Seb. & Maur. Fl. Rom. = 138 cee 1847. Frome Glen Stapleton near Bristol. Mr. K. Thwaites ; sent to Bot. Soc. of Sonera 1847. aa ii. es
E. roseum Schreb. Spic. 147 (1771). 1798. “ Primum in Anglia a cel. Curtisio i Lambe th Marsh in comitatu Surr. detecta.” —-Symons, Synopsis,
E. tetragonum eaten L. Sp. Pl. 348 (1753). 1634. = eee siliquosa glabra minor Bauh. In humidis saxosis.” —Johns. Mere. Bot. p. 49.
E. ists scurum Schreb. Ht eat (1771). Rc ““Wyken, Warwickshire and Ilfracombe, D ——Bab. i n. N. H. ser. 2, Xvii. 243. [The “« B. virgatum ” forall se oie by Dr. Deakin may have eae this.——Florigr. Brit. p. 548.
E. palustre L. Sp. Pl. 848 (1753). 1660. “On Teversham Moor ” FCanba), ——R. C. C. 98. But see Ger. em. p. 479.
alsinefolium Vill. Prosp. 45 (1779). 1677. “In the rivulets on the sides of Cheviot hills.”—-Ray, Cat. ed. ii. 194,
- anag mountains of Scotland: Morne and “Spree &e. ”—Babington, in Ann. & & Mag. N. H. ser. 2. xvii. 312
E. alpinu p- Pl. 848 (1758). Bett. On” Ben
Lomond, about two- thirds of the way up.”—Lightf. Fl. Scot. 199.
udwigia apetala Walt. Fl. Carolin. 89 (1788). (Isnardia palustris L.). 1666. ‘Ina great eae neer the Moor at Peters field, Hamshire, Mr. Goodyer.”—Merr
Circa lutetiana L. Sp. Pl. : rss} 1597. ** Groweth in obscure and darke places.”—Ger.
ina L. Sp. Pl. 9 (1758). “1768. ‘“‘ Ad radices montium in Comitatibns Westmorlandico Kboracensi, &e., circa Dallam Tower in agro Westmorlandico.’’—Huds. i. 10.
Bryonia dioica ti Fl. Austr. ii. 59 (1774). 1538. “Am- pelos leuce . . . . anglis 8 Bryoni aut wylde nepe.’—Turn. Lib. a Groweth in many states of Englande.”—Turn. Names, B yj, back
54 cn Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. Sp. Pl. 284 (1753). 1562. Shepekyllinge penny grasse that groweth in merishe and waterye groundes tie ce: Herb. ii. ryngium maritimum L. Sp. Pl. 288 (1753). 1548. ie Aisi ously in Eiiplando by the sea syde.”’—Turn, “gh ampestre L. Sp. Pl. 233 At 1670. ‘On a rock which fou deabynd to the ferry from Plymouth over into Cornwall.” —Ray, Cat. ey Found by Ray on July 7, 1662 (Ray, Iter.). uropea L. Sp. Pl. 235 (1758), 1548. ‘ Groweth communely in ‘wean "—Turn. Names, H iiij.
(To be continued.)
89
SHORT NOTES.
Vicia BiTHyNicA IN Hampsuire.—I found several Nii of this species, in flower and fruit, on the sides of a ditch in tiv: field at Bridgemary, near Gosport, on the east side of the Fareham Road, on Sept. 17, 1889. I sent some to Mr. Townsend, who con- firmed my identification, It had been reported from Hants by the
ate Mr. B but Mr. Townsend thought the evidence in- sufficien paay: . E. Ketsatu.
Rusvus ammosius Focke in E. Ross.—In July, 1891, I met with a few bushes of a haat near lin but pita’ distinct, growing upon shingle by the Carron river, about three miles from Bonar Bridge. Suspecting it to be the above, I carefully compared fresh specimens with the description in Synopsis Ruborum Germania, and found them to agree in all essential atealads amin slightly exceeding the styles, petioles distinctly channelled above near their base, leaves frequently septenate, &c.), only differing by the some- what stout prickles which may very likely be due to the effects of frequent inundations. The Rev. W. Moyle Rogers has, after some hesitation, endorsed my opinion. ay: Dr. Focke has disallowed the Perth specimens so named by Prof. Babington, which I should judge, from what I have heard about them, to be very different from the above-named form, it seems desirable to place the occur-
HALL.
rence of the true plant on record._—_Epwarp (p- —With reference to the altitude attained by this plant, I may mention that hered it on
the range between the Rieder Alp and the Eggisch-horn, in Upper Valais, at fully 7000 ft., a couple of thousand feet higher than its apparent range in Norway. —Epwarp 8. Marsan
NOTICES OF BOOKS.
English Botany : Supplement to the Third Edition. Part Ill. Com- piled and illustrated by N. E. Brown. London: Bell. 5s.
Wirs this number, which completes a volume, Mr. N Brown’s connection with the Supplement to eigen Botany comes to an end. He has brought the work down to the end of Dip- sace@, and now hands it over to Mr. hae) Bennett. “We noticed the first part of the Supplement at some length in last year’s Journal (p. 250), and see no reason to alter the al conclusions then expressed, but a word or two on the present number may looked for by British botanists.
Mr. Brown has devoted a good deal of attention to the forms of Pyrus Aria, and those who know these difficult plants will be cn to judge how far he has thrown light upon them. He dispos summarily of the hybrid ig ae He also writes nearly four jin about Saxifraga hirta, but here, as in very many other instances, we have to complain that he has set examined the material ready
90 REPORT OF THE CONIFER CONFERENCE,
would have settled the matter. Dr. Syme’s herbarium, although, by Mr. Hanbury’s courtesy, always accessible to botanists, has, we believe, not once been consulted by Mr. Brown.
t is not only with regard to plants which have exercised the
t lised,” and a parently not worth a description; while of Selinwn Carvifolia, the write says —and the sente is e of his style :— «The t discovery (in 1880) of this plant in
may have been mistaken for Peucedanum palustre ; still, had this
h urnal will remember that Mr. F. A. Lees dealt with the
an undertaking on which he has expended a great deal of time and
trouble, but for which he is manifestly unsuited. Mr, Arthur
Bennett, on the other hand, stands in the first rank of critical ri anists ;
which h expresses his opinions lend additional weight to his conclusions, and his continuation of this work will be looked for with very great interest. € trust that he will not waste time and space over trivial questions of nomenclature, the consideration of which is entirely out of place in a Supplement to English Botany.
Report of the Conifer Conference held at the Chiswick Gardens, October, 1891. (Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, xiv.) London: 117, Victoria St. 1892. 8vo, pp. 558. Price 15s. 6d.
_ Ovr informa timber for profit, as well as our knowledge of its life-history and
conditions in health and disease, comes to us almost entirely from the Contin i
increasing the general inte
* See Journ. Bot., 1882, 139, 284; Report Bot. Record Club, 1881-2, p. 216,
REPORT OF THE CONIFER CONFERENCE, 91
ose who are engaged in the care of te that the Royal Horti- cultural i arranged for a Conference on Conifers. The volume before us contains the ate of papers read at that Con- oe nee. It “may be divided into three parts:—(1st) Papers by
e culture; and (8rd) some lists of coniferous trees grown in th United Kingdom, to which is added a similar catalogue by Professor Carl Hansen of those of Denmark.
The first of these divisions, containing papers by Dr. Maxwell T. Masters, Professor Marshall Ward, Mr. W. T. Blandford, and Dr.
Masters begins his opening address with a brief history of the group
from our knowledge of the remains in the Devonian rocks;
proceeds with a sketch of their method of growth, and co oncludes
with some notes on the prekthintse of these trees into Great t
Douglas, Hartweg, and Tacnene mari have done so much for th furtherance of the interest in Conifers in Britain, were Fellows and officers of the Horticultural sme 2 A necessary warning note is sounded on the danger of not keeping an adequate supply of tim bee in this ort by failing "ts re-plant old forests when cut down, and not protecting those which exist.
e important subject of diseases of Conifers is dealt with b Professor Marshall Ward and Mr. W. A. Blandford, sod renee: of whom treats of those eee from the attacks of in Ward considers — class of Conifers separately, and cieaumeibion the
and a short account is given of the ascomycetous fungus (Dasyscypha Willkommit) causing it. The writer mentions as a prevention this malady the planting of sound trees, aks whether by that
means athe use of what nurserymen term “healt thy seed,” or acy seeing that the young ait have no canker spots when planted out in the woods, does not appear. This point as to the belief which is so very general among foresters, a the canker is fostered and intensified by the propagation of young plants from seed produced by diseased trees, is noticed in a bioet eultiatle paper—both from a scientific and practical poimt of view—by Dr. A. W. Somerville,
g the papers by ftcstical men ce s one by Mr, A. D Webster, os is a believer in the Sates of * good seed”’ as a
92 LA TRUFFE,
Japanese Conifers from the pen of Mr. H. J. Vei has done so much good work in the introduction of members of this group to England.
The latter half of the report contains a list of all the Conifers and Taxads cultivated in Great Britain, with their synonyms by Dr. Masters. We note that Torrey is given as the authority for Sequoia gigantea, but from the recent writings of Sereno Watson we
ow that Decaisne was the first to give this name to the mammoth The volume closes with a most interesting record of the
bartonshire, is mentioned. _ At is a pity that the question of nomenclature was not taken in hand. It would have been a great gain if—among the other
a ve put straight. The report, as a whole, reflects great credit on the labours of its editors, the Rev. W. Wilks and Mr.
J. B. Carrutuers. La Truf. Par Av. Oxarty (Bailliére et Fils, Paris, 1892, pp. xil., 370, 8vo, 15 tab. col. Price 14 fr.). Ir is but four years since a hand little volume bearing this
title was issu y the same publishers in their Bibliothéque Bainane Contemporaine, i e, erry de la
and of a cordial welcome from students of the truffle, Since the late Mr.
one in country seems to have taken up the Tuberacee as a special study, and it may be of service to throw
SAMOS. 93
out the suggestion here that the order offers many attractions to a botanist in the southern scones having sufficient leisure to under- take a small, well-marked gro Truffle hunting is not without its excitements, whether anenaed in the company