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Return to LIBRARY OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY
WOODS HOLE, MASS.
Loaned by American Museum of Natural History
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ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
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PHILADELPHIA.
1862.
PHILADELPHIA:
PRINTED IOR THE ACADEMY. 1863.
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS,
With references to the several Articles contributed by each.
Allen, Harrison, M. D. Descriptions of two new Species of Vespertilionid?e. and some remarks on the genus Antrozous 246
Buckley, S. B. Notes on some American Ash Trees, (Fraxinus,) with de- scriptions of new Species 2
Descriptions of new Plants from Texas, No. 2 5
Descriptions of Plants, No. 3 88
Note No. 2. On Quercus heterophylla 100
Cassin, John. Catalogue of Birds collected by the United States North Pa- cific Surveying and Exploring Expedition, in command of Gapt,
Rodgers, U. S. N., with notes and descriptions of new species 312
Conrad, T. A. Descriptions of New Genera, Subgenera and Species of
Tertiary and Recent Shells 284
Catalogue of the Miocene Shells of the Atlantic Slope 559
Cope, E. D. Synopsis of the species of Holcosus and Ameiva, with diag- noses of new W. Indian and S. American Colubridae 60
On some new and little known American Anura , 151
Contributions to Neotropical Saurology 176
On Neosorex Albibarbis 188
On Lacerta echinata and Tiliqua dura 189
Notes upon some Reptiles of the Old World , .337
Catalogues of the Reptiles obtained during the Explorations of the Parana, Paraguay, Vermejo and Uraguay Rivers, by Capt. Thos. J. Page, U. S. N. ; and of those procured by Lieut. N. Michler, U. S. Top.
Eng 346
Coues, Elliott. Revision of the Gulls of North America ; based upon speci- mens in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution 291
Supplementary note to a Synopsis of the North American forms of the
Colymbidae and Podicepidae 404
A Review of the Terns of N. America 535
Edwards, Wm. H. Description of certain species of Diurnal Lepidoptera found within the limits of the United States and British America,
No. 2 54
The same, No. 3 221
Elliott, D. G. Remarks on the species composing the genus Pediocaetes,
Baird 402
11. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS,
Gabb, W M. Description of a new species of Cephalopod from the Coast
of California 483
Gill, Theo. Notice of New Species of Hemilepidotus and Remarks on the
Group (Temnistiae) of which it is a member 13
Or. the Subfamily of Argentinian 14
Appendix to the Synopsis of the Subfamily Percins 15
Notes on the Scisenoids of California 16
Synopsis of the Family of Cirrhitoids 102
Description of new species of Cirrhitus 122
. Oe the limits and arrangemement of the Family of Scombroids 124
Description of new species of Alepidosauroidae 127
On anew species of Priacanthus discovered in Narragansett Bay, R. I.... 132 Oi the West African genus Hemichromis and descriptions of new
species 134
Catalogue of the Fishes of Lower California in the Smithsonian Institu- tion, collected by Mr. J. Xanthus I*1
Same, Part II 242
Same, Part III 249
On a new genus of Fishes allied to Aulorhynchus and on the affinities of
the Family Aulorhynchoidae 233
Remarks on the relations of Genera and other groups Cuban Fishes 235
Notice of a collection of the Fishes of California, presented to the Smith- sonian Institution, by S. Hubbard 274
Synopsis of the species of Lophobranchiate Fishes of Western North
America 282
Note, on the Family of Scombroids 328
Note on some Genera of Fishes of Western N. America 329
Synopsis of the Carangoids of the Eastern Coast of North America 430
Description of a new generic type of Mormyroids, and note on the arrange- ment of the genus • l
On the Synonymy and Systematic Position of the genus Etelis of Cuvier
and Yalenciennes 445
On. the Classification of the Families and Genera of the Squali of Cali- fornia ; 4^3
On the limits and affinity of the Family of Leptogcopoids 501
Gray, Asa. Notes upon the " Description of New Plants from Texas. By S. B. Buckley," published in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, December 1861, and January
1862 1G1
A Report upon Mr. S. B. Buckley's " Description of Plants, No. 3, Gra-
mina; " 33-i
Grote, Aug. R. Additions to the Nomenclature of North American Lepi-
doptera 59
Same, No. 2 359
Harden, F. V., M. D. Descriptions of new Cretaceous Fossils from Nebraska
Territory. By F. B. Meek and F. V.Hayden 21
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. Ul
Hora, Geo. H., M. D. Monograph of the species of Trogosita, inhabiting
the United States 32
Lea, Isaac. Description of ten new species of Unionida? of the United
States 168
Description of anew Genus (Trypanostoma) of the Family Melanida?, and
of forty-five new species 169
Description of two new species of Exotic Uniones and one Monocondylcea 176 Description of a new Genus (Gouiobasis) of the Family Melanidae and
eighty-two new species 262
Description of eleven new species of Melanidae of the United States 272
Le Conte, John L., M. D. Note on the Classification of Cerambycidse, with
descriptions of new species 38
Synopsis of the Mordellidae of the United States 43
Notes on the species of Calosoma inhabiting America, north of Mexico... 521
Synopsis of the species of Colymbetes, inhabiting America north of Mexico 521
Note on the species of Brachinus inhabiting the United States 523
Lewis, James, M. D. Remarks on some species of Paludina. Amnicola.
Valvata and Melania 587
Meehan, Thos. On the Uniformity of Relative Characters between Allied
Species of European and American Trees 10
Meek, F. B. Descriptions of new Cretaceous Fossils from Nebraska Terri- tory. ByF. B. MeekandF. V. Hayden 21
Prime, Temple. Monograph of the Species of Sphasrium of North and
South America 28
Slack, J. H.? M. D. Monograph of the Prehensile-tailed Quadrumana 507
Stimpson, Wm. Description of a new Cardium from the Pleistocene of
Hudson's Bay 58
Oa an oceanic Isopod, found near the south-eastern shores of Massachu- setts 133
Tryoc, Geo. W., Jr. On the Classification and Synonymy of the recent spe- cies of Pholadidaj 191
Description of a new Genus and Species of Pholadid* 449
Notes on American Ffesh Water Shells, with descriptions of two new
species - 451
Monograph of the Family Teredidae 453
Walsh, Benj. D., M. A. List of the Pseudoneuroptera of Illinois, contained in the Cabinet of the writer, with descriptions of over forty new species - 361
Warner, John, A. M. Contributions to Organic Morphology : — Containing the mathematical imitation of the egg of Planorbis Corneus and of Epiornis, &c 525
Winchell. Alex. Description of Fossils from the Marshall and Huron
Groups of Michigan 405
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
OF PHILADELPHIA.
18 G 3.
January 1th.
Dr. Leidy in the Chair.
Fourteen members present. A paper was presented for publication entitled Description of new Cretaceous Fossils from Nebraska Territory, etc., by F. B. Meek and F. V. Hayden, M. D.
Mr. Cope stated that he had examined the dentition of the Siamese river snake, Herpeton tentaculatum, respecting which some difference of opinion existed among European herpetologists. He had found the posterior maxillary teeth to be grooved, in accordance with the statement of M. Dumeril.
Regarding another point of difference between naturalists — the native coun- try of the Gerarda prevostiana ( Campylodon Dum.) — Mr. Cope adhered to the statement in the Erpetologie Generale, that it inhabited the Philippine Islands. Others had stated that the form was West Indian.
Dr. Giinther had corrected the above-mentioned work in its statement that the Rhabdosoma (Catostoma) 1 i n e a t u m was West African. Mr. Cope was able to confirm the Doctor's opinion through specimens obtained in Trinidad, and lent him by Prof. Gill.
January \kth. Vice President Vaux in the Chair.
Twenty members present.
The following papers were presented for publication :
Notes on some American Ash Trees, (Fraxinus), with descriptions of new species, by S. B. Buckley.
On the Leucosomi inhabiting the basin of the Delaware, by C. C. Abbott.
1862.] 1
2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
January 21 si. Vice President Bridges in the Chair.
Twenty-nine members present.
The following papers were presented for publication :
Descriptions of new Plants from Texas, by S. B. Buckley.
On the uniformity of relative characters between allied species of European and American Trees, by Thomas Meehan.
Notice of a new species of Hemilepidotus, by Theo. Gill.
On the subfamily of Argentininae, by Theo. Gill.
Notes on the Sciaenoids of California, by Theo. Gill.
Appendix to the Synopsis of the subfamily of Percinae, by Theo. Gill.
Mr. Cassin gave an account of a flock of crows, lost in a fog whilst passing over the city early on Sunday morning, the 12th inst.
Mr. Haldeman stated that he had frequently noticed the bald eagle dive for fish in the Susquehanna, when it could not procure its food by robbing the fish hawk.
Dr. Rogers made some remarks on the influence upon the health of communities from the thawing of snow in the streets by means of salt, exposing what he considered to be the fallacies of the common preju- dices on the subject.
January 2S(h.
Vice President Bridges in the Chair.
Twenty- four members present.
On report of the respective Committees, the following papers were ordered to be published in the Proceedings :
Notes on some of the American Ash Trees, (Fraxinus,) with descriptions of new
Species.
BY S. B. BUCKLEY.
The great accuracy of the plates in Michaux's Sylva is admitted by all who have seen both them and the trees whose portions are there represented. That the text contains a few errors is well known, but the figures are true to nature and correctly represent the object described. The wonder is that a work published at that early day, in the infancy of botany, should so well and truthfully describe our forest trees.
It is supposed by some botanists that the fruit in the plate of Fraxinus americanais that of the green ash, (F. vi r i d i s ,) or that the fruit of these two species of ash has been substituted the one for the other by mistake. The original proof-plates of the Sylva are in the Library of the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia, in which the figure of the white ash differs little from the one in the last edition. Had there been an error, it would have probably been corrected, as several editions of the Sylva passed under the eye of Michaux ; nor does the fruit of the white ash differ from his description of that species. In his account of the green ash, he states that " its seeds are only half as large as those of the white ash, but similar inform ; and also, in describing F. pubescens, he remarks that " its seeds are shorter than those of¥. am e- r ic an a, but similar inform and arrangement." These statements in the text agree perfectly with his pictures of these species.
[Jan.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. d
The true Fraxinus americana (Linn.) is common in the public grounds and on the sidewalks of some of the streets of Philadelphia. It also grows along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers in the vicinity of the city. Speci- mens of it are in the herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences which were collected in the vicinity of Boston, Mass., by Mr. Pickering, from whence it extends as far south as Louisiana, the author having gathered specimens of it in the woods two or three miles west of the Mississippi River, opposite New Orleans. In the year 1790, William Bartram assisted in making out a list of trees to be planted in Independence Square, Philadelphia. (See Penn- sylvania Archives, vol. ii. p. 674.) Bartram's fondness for American trees led him to select for that purpose a great variety of indigenous species, so that the native trees of Pennsylvania are now well represented in this cele- brated Square, among which the Fraxinus americana is conspicuous.
Cotemporaries of Bartram, and at that time residing in the city of Phila- delphia, were Zaccheus Collins and Dr. Kuhn, botanists, both pupils of Lin- naeus, to whom they sent specimens, from which he described many American plants, including probably the F. americana. Fraxinus pubescens (Walt.) also grows in the neighborhood of Philadelphia, and, as Michaux observes, there is little difference in external appearance between it and the white ash. Any one who will compare the plates of these two species in the Sylva will see the striking resemblance in the fruit of each, but that of the red ash is shorter and more pointed. Its petioles are also more or less grooved, and the under side of its leaves and the petioles and young branches are much more pubescent than those of F. americana. Still the two are often considered as the same species by casual observers. It grows in most of the Southern States, and extends as far west as Minnesota.
Fraxinus epiptera (Mich.) was regarded by the younger Michaux and Nuttall the same as F. americana. It has been thus considered by the best American botanists. Had it been different, it would have been included in the Sylva by the younger Michaux. Specimens labelled by some of the old botanists F. epiptera (Mich.) are now in the herbarium of the Academy, and they differ not in the least from the F. americana.
De Candolle makes F. v i r i d i s (Mich. ) a synonym ofF. juglandifolia. Specimens of the latter in the herbarium of the Academy agree well with those of the green ash, to which they have been referred by Nuttall and other botanists. It is nearly certain that De Candolle is right, because he has been able to see both Lamarck's and Michaux's specimens. The green ash grows occasionally along streams from Pennsylvania to Texas. I have frequently seen it on the Alabama River ; also on the Red River in Louisiana, below Alexandria. It is quite common in Southern Texas, where a form of it col- lected by Berlandier has been described by De Candolle as F. B e r 1 a n d i e r i i, according to Torrey and Gray. Personal observation in Texas with one of Berlandier's specimens, kindly sent to me by Dr. Gray, convince me of the truth of their opinion.
Muhlenberg's herbarium, at the rooms of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, contains a specimen of the green ash which has the serrated leaves and both sides of the same shade of green, which led Dr. Muhlenberg to call it Fraxinus concolor, as related by Michaux, who also states that it grows abundantly along the Susquehanna, near where Dr. Muh- lenberg resided. Hence there is no difficulty in determining the true F. v i r i d i s , Mich., specimens of which in the herbarium of the Academy differ little from his figure of it in the Sylva. Therefore the reader may rest assured that the plates and descriptions in Michaux's Sylva of Fraxinus americana, F. pubescens and F. viridis are correct.
Since the time of Michaux, the American forest trees have rarely been care- fully studied by botanists, because they are apt to look on the ground for new plants and flowers, and not up at the trees. Even Nuttall, in his travels, gave
1862.]
4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY 0?
them little attention ; nor did he when journeying contemplate a Supplemen to Michaux's Sylva, which was done at the request of Philadelphia publishers after he had ceased his American wanderings. Hence the volumes of Nuttall have neither the freshness and life of description, nor that fidelity to nature in the plates, which are so remarkable in those of Michaux, who travelled for the especial purpose of publishing a work on the trees of America.
The closet botanist cannot master the botany of trees as well as that of herbaceous plants, because of the latter he often has the whole, but of the tree he can at most possess in his herbarium but a mere fragment, which is far from showing all its important characteristics. He who has made trees his especial study can distinguish the different species even in midwinter, when many of them are destitute of leaves. I make these remarks to show why the two next described species of Fraxinus, which are prevalent both at the North and at the South, have been generally referred to one or the other of the three species before mentioned.
Fraxinus albicans, S. nov. — Foliolis 2 — 4-jugis sessilibus, ant breviter petiolatis, ovatis, aut ovato-lanceolatis, integris vel serratis, subtus glaucis, tarde utrinque glabris, paniculis laxe terminalibus seu axillaribus ; samaris linearibns 12 — 18 lin. Ion. emarginatis, basi subteretibus.
It is found from New England to Texas, being the largest of the American ash trees, sometimes attaining a diameter of between four and five feet. Its bark is furrowed and of a light grey ; hence it is called the white ash in many places. Its petioles are grooved, and its buds are destitute of the red velvety pubescence peculiar toF. americana. I have not seen it in the vicinity of Philadelphia, nor is there any specimen of it collected in this neighborhood in the herbarium of the Academy. In the herbarium of Darlington, at West Chester, I saw specimens of it labelled F. americana, and it is probably thus called by other American botanists. The West Chester collection had no specimens ofF. americana or F, pubescens.
Both F. americana and F. albicans being called white ash throughout the country have caused them to be confounded, especially where, as is often the case, they do not both grow in the same locality ; but the fruit of the latter is only about half the size of the former, which, with the other distinc- tions enumerated, show that they are very different species.
Fraxinus oblongocarpa, s. nov.— Foliolis 2— 4-jugis lanceolatis, vel ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, basi cuneatis, integerimis, vel parce serratis, utrinque viridis, junioribus subtus parum pubescentibus, breve petiolatis ; samaris lineari-oblongis, obtusis vel emarginatis, basi subteretibus, et anguste alatis.
A small tree, thirty or forty feet high, growing along water courses from Pennsylvania to Texas. Its young branches and the footstalks of the leaves covered with a velvety pubescence. Fruit 18 lines to 2 inches in length and 2 — 3 lines wide, the terete part short in proportion and somewhat winged, leaflets 3—4 inches long. This is the Fraxinus pubescens described in Darlington's Flora Cestrica, but not of Michaux. It differs from F. pu b e s- c e n s in its terete petioles ; its leaves are of a deeper green beneath, and both its leaves and branches are less pubescent when mature. Its samara are longer and nearly one-third less in width, nor are they mucronate, or as sharp pointed as in F. pubescens.
For those who have not Michaux's Sylva, the following brief descriptions of the white and red ash are given.
Fraxinus americanus (Linn.)— Foliolis 3 — 4-jugis, breviter petiolatis, ovato-lanceolatis, integerrimis, acutis, subtus glaucis, petiolis teretibus ; gem- mis rnfo-velutinis ; samaris lineari oblongis obtusis vel acutis, basi teretibus, subacutis.
Fruit 2—3 inches long, but generally about 2J inches in length and 4 — 5 lines broad in the widest part ; common petiole terete.
[Jan.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 0
Fraxinus pubescens (Walt.) — Foliolis lanceolato-ovatis, subserratis seu integerimis, acuminatis, subtus pubescentibus, petiolis junioribus ramisque tomentosis ; samaris anguste lanceolatis, obtusis, inucronatis vel acutis, basi teretibus.
Fruit 1£ — 2 inches long and 4—5 lines in width at the widest part ; common petiole channelled above near the base.
Fraxinus nigrescens, s. nov. — Foliolis 2— 4-jugis, lanceolatis vel ovato- lanceolatis, sessilibus, aut breve petiolatis, utrinque acutis vel abrupte acutis basi longe teretibus, acutis.
This is a common tree in the vicinity of Austin and in Middle Texas along water courses. It is generally small, but is sometimes 2 — 3 feet in diameter and 40—60 feet high The bark of the stem and limbs is dark grey and furrowed ; hence in many parts of the State it is called the " black ash." Its leaves are of a deep glossy green above and a paler green beneath, and in young leaves the midrib and veins are sparingly pubescent. The terminal leaflet is often much the largest, being sometimes 4—5 inches in diameter. Such specimens I obtained in Navarro County, and also on Caney River in Matagorda County. Its leaves are rarely if ever serrated. The samara are 12 — 15 lines long and 4 — 5 lines broad in the widest part ; about one-half of the entire length is broadly winged, from whence the wings are gradually nar- rowed to the terete part. In midsummer the top of the fruit, extending nearly down half of the wings, is often curved. The common petiole is channelled above near its junction with the stem.
Fraxinus tri-alata, s. nov. — Foliolis 2 — 3-jugis, lanceolatis, vel obovatis, supra glabris, subtus parum pubescentibus, ad venas et parce glaucescen- tibus ; samaris 2 — 3 alatis, obovatis, 6—8 lin. Ion. obtusis, emarginatis, vel subacutis, basi anguste alatis, acutis.
A shrub or small tree, 15 — 20 feet high, growing on the banks of the Ata- cosa River in Western Texas. Samara in loose axillary or terminal panicles, about one-half of them 3-winged, and 2—3 lines broad in the widest portion ; not terete below ; the wings being attenuated as far as the pedicels ; leaflets 12 — 18 lines long and 6—12 broad, branches smooth, and of a light grey color.
Fraxinus pauciflora Nutt. has been referred by Dr. Chapman, in bis Flora of the Southern States, to F. p 1 a t y c a r p a. Specimens of the former, collected by Dr. Baldwin, are in the herbarium of the Academy, and they differ from F. platycarpa in having the petioles grooved, leaves scarce half as large and of one-third less width, and much more acutely serrated, and the fruit of the two is widely different. I have not seen a tree of the F. pauciflora, but I well know F. platycarpa, which extends as far southwest as the Sabine River in Eastern Texas ; and it certainly is very dis- tinct from the Florida ash described by Nuttall, nor have I ever seen it assume any such form.
Descriptions of NEW PLANTS from Texas.— No. 2. BY S. B. BUCKLEY.
POLEMONIACEJE.
Phlox macrantha, s. n. — Pubescens, humilis 3 — 6 policaris, ramosa, foliis lanceolatis, utrinque subacutis,* alternis vel oppositis, calycibus parce canescenti pilosis, segmentis lineari-elongatis, acuminatis, corollas tubo gla- bra, laciniis lato-obovatis, apice subacutis, capsula elipsoidea glabra, semina alata.
Prairies north of Austin. March.
Stems diffusely branching from the root ; leaves numerous, lanceolate and
1862.]
6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
attenuate at each end, sparingly pubescent ; flowers large, purple, disk of the corolla f to 1£ inches in diameter.
CONVOLVULACEiE.
Convolvulus (Ipomea) cad do en sis, s. n. — Suffruticosus glaber, caule tereti, ramosissimo erecto, foliis lineari-lanceolatis breve petiolatis apice acu- minatis sen mucronatis basi attenuatis, pedunculis axillaribus unifloris, vel multifloris folio brevioribus, sepalis ovatis, obtusis, corolla rosea infundibuli- formis 2 — 3-policaris, stylus elongatus inclusis filamentis duplo longiore, stigma bilobatum, capsula ovato-ellipsoidea, 2 — 4-sperma, semina ovoidea testa conica pubescente.
Northwestern Texas, near Caddo Peak. June.
A stout plant, 2 — 3 feet high, apparently an annual ; leaves 2 — 3 inches long and 2 — 4 lines wide, tipped with a setaceous or mucronate point ; peti- oles 3 — 4 lines long ; peduncles 4 lines to 2 inches in length.
Solanace^.
Solanum (Cryptocarpum) Sabeanum, s. n. — Herbaceum, raniis teretibus, aculeatis, fuscis, glanduloso-pilosis, foliis profunde pinnato-lobatis, segmenti3 ovatis, repando dentatis, dentibus mucronatis, petiolis et venis aculeatis, aculeis stramineis, glabris, rectis insequalibus, racemis subterminalibus, 5 — 9- floris, corolla alba calyce fere duplo longiore, filamenta £ lin. longa, anthers lineari-oblongse 6 lin. longse, calycibus aculeatis baccam includentibus.
San Saba County.
Stem 1 — 2 feet high, with few branches ; spines 2 — 8 lines long and irregu- larly placed; leaves, including the petioles, 4—9 inches in length, lower seg- ments divided to the midrib and lobed, or with large teeth ; sinuses of the upper lobes extend about midway to the midrib, aculea of the leaves few ; petioles and veins glandular pubescent ; calyx inclosing the fruit increases after the fall of the petals, and is about J covered with aculea.
Solanum (Lasiocarpa) Linsecumii, s. n. — Annuum, caule erecto, tereti, 4 — 6 policari ramoso, pubescente, foliis oblongo-ovatis, vel lanceolatis, basi attenuatis, breviter petiolatis, apice acutis, integris, utrinque puberulis stipulis linearibus vel lanceolatis, floribus axillaribus, pedunculis solitariis seu geminis, hirsutis, tarde refractis, calycibus campanulatis, hirsutissimis, 5-fidis, laciniis acutis, floribus campanulatis, corollse 5-fidse segmentis acutis, pubescentibus, antheris inclusis cordato-oblongis filamentis brevissimis stylo brevioribus, bacca 4 lin. diam. hirsuta.
Llano County, June.
Leaves 1 — 2 inches long ; peduncles 4 — 12 lines in length ; flowers 3 — 4 lines in diameter.
Physalis Sabeana, s. n. — Annua, prostrata, ramosissima, glabra, foliis petiolatis, lanceolato-ovatis, basi attenuatis apice subacutis, margine subre- pando dentatis, dentibus lato-obtusis, corolla rotato-infundibuliforme ccerulea calyce longiore, pedunculis axillaribus, filiformibus geminis, calycibus bac- ciferis, inflatis, ovatis, subangulatis, acutis.
San Saba County. June.
Branches very numerous, trailing 6 — 12 inches ; leaves about an inch long and 4 — 8 lines wide, margins entire, or with 1 — 2 obtuse teeth on each side ; petioles 6 — 12 lines long; peduncles in pairs, 4 — S lines in length; fruit glo- bose, smooth, 3 — 4 lines in diameter.
Nicotiana glandulosa, s. n. — Pubescente-glandulosa, caule herbaceo, simplici vel parum ramoso 6 — 10-policari, foliis caulinis lato-spathulatis vel oblongis, obtusis, sessilibus vel subamplexicaulibus, radicalibus oblongo- obovatis breviter petiolatis ; floribus terminalibus, breve pedicellatis, corollse
[Jan.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. /
tubo subcylindrico apiee parce inflato calyce fere duplo longiore, calyce pro- funde 5-fido, laciniis linearibus, subacutis.
Burnet County. April.
Flowers yellowish white, 6—8 lines long.
Gentianace.«.
Erythraea calycosa, s. n. — Annua, caule erecto tetragono ramoso 6 — 10- policari, foliis acutis, inferioribus lanceolato-ovatis, calycibus 5-partitis, seg- mentis linearisubulatis, margine membranaceis, corolla? tubo longioribus, corolla? rosea? segmentis oblongo-ovatis obtusis.
North of Fort Mason. June.
Leaves 8 — 12 lines long ; segments of the calyx 6 — 8 lines in length ; corolla subcampanulate, the top of the tube dilated and ribbed, filaments exserted, but not exceeding the segments of the corolla, which are 6 — 8 lines long.
Sabbatia formosa, s. n. — Caule tetragono erecto 8 — 12-policari, dicho- tomo-ramoso, ramulis unifloris, foliis lanceolatis vel ovatis, inferioribus obtusis aut submucronatis, calycis tubo breve obovato et carinato, laciniis linearibus, corolla fere duplo brevioribus, corollse 5-partita? rosea?, segmentis obtusis vel subacutis lato-obovatis, semina minutissima, testa verrucosa.
Llano County. June.
Stems leafy to the summit, the pairs of leaves being about an inch distant from each other ; leaves 6 — 10 lines long.
Oleace^.
Forestiera autumnalis, s. n. — Foliis minute serratis, ovatis subacutis breviter petiolatis supra glabriusculis, subtus pubescentibus ramulis glabris, junioribus pubescentibus, floret a?state, fructibus globosis caeruleis, matures - centibus tarde in autumno.
Eastern Texas and Western Louisiana. Flowers in August.
Its fruit is very abundant, glomerated in the axiles of the leaves and ripen- ing in October. Shrub 6—10 feet high ; petioles 3 — 4 lines long ; leaves about 1£ inches in length, somewhat cuneate at the base. All the other known species of the genus flower before the expansion of the leaves.
Nyctaginace^e.
Abronia speciosa, s. nov.— Caule erecto, vel subdecumbente, tereti, foliis cordatis, obtusis basi insequalibus, petiolatis, pedunculis axillaribus, vel terminalibus, longissimis, involucribus viridis 5 — 6-phyllis, segmentis pubescentibus lanceolatis acutissimis.
Near Fort Belknap. May.
Plant 1 — 2 feet high, branching from the root ; stems bent at base, then erect, with few divaricate branches ; peduncles 4 — 8 inches long ; heads of flowers large and red ; petioles of the lower leaves 1 — 2 inches in length, and of the upper leaves 4—6 lines long ; leaves 1 — 3 inches long, and 6 lines to 2 inches in width ; whole plant glandular puberulant, not viscid.
Oxybaphus pauciflorus, s. n. — Glabriusculus ; caule erecto, simplici, foliis oppositis, petiolatis, oblongo-ovatis acutis, vel subobtusis, floribus axil- laribus breve pedunculatis involucri segmentis obovatis, abrupte acutis, pubescentibus, semina oblonga quadrangulata, rugosa.
On the San Saba River, north of Fort Mason.
Stem 1 — 2 feet high, rarely if ever branched, and leafy to the summit ; leaves 2 — 3 inches long and 1 — 2 inches broad ; petioles 4 — 8 lines in length ; peduncles 3 — 6 lines long and 1 — 2 flowered.
EUPHORBIACEJE.
Phyllanthus (Lepidanthus) ellipticu s, s. n. — Annuusglaber erecto divari- 1862.]
8
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP
cato-ramosus, ramis gracilibus, foliis eliptico-oblongis, apice subacutis, breve petiolatis, supra viridibus, subtus glancis, floribus axillaribus solitariis nume- rosis, dioicis, 5-sepalis, longe pedicellatis, fructus ?
Western Texas. June.
1^—2 feet bigh ; leaves 6—9 lines in lengtb and 4—5 lines broad ; petioles 1 — 2 lines long ; pedicles 4 — 5 lines in length ; sepals oblong ovate.
UrTICACEjE.
Morus microphylla, s. n. — Arbuscula 15—20 pedalis, foliis petiolatis ; cordato-ovatis vel trilobatis, serratis, dentibus mucronatis, utrinque glabri- usculis, venis et marginibus parce et minute ciliatis, stipulis parvis linearibus membranaceis, caducis.
Western Texas ; growing in clumps.
Stems and branches smooth, with a light grey bark ; fruit ripe last of May; black and sour, with little juice and deep sinuses between the achenia, which are little compressed ; styles divaricate and obtuse ; leaves generally entire, and 1 — 1^ inches in length and 1 — 1^ inches wide ; the lobed leaves are aboxit 2i inches long, the middle lobe prolonged and acuminate. The preceding characteristics are constant, and no person seeing this mulberry in its native situations would call it a form of Morus rubra.
LlLIACEJE.
Yucca longifolia, s. nov. — Caule erecto 6 — 8 pedali, foliis ensiformi- lanceolatis, confertis, rigidis integris acuminatis pungentibus, inferioribus re- fiexis, paniculis magnis terminalibus ; floribus campanulatis, sepalis ovatis acutis, bracteis ovato-lanceolatis acutis margine membranaceis, capsula ob- longo-cylindracea utrinque obtusa.
Western Texas. Flowers in March.
Stems crowded with leaves to the summit, lower leaves reflexed, often, when dead, with their points in the ground. Leaves 2| — 3 feet in length, with curved, margins ; fruit 4 — 5 inches long, cylindrical and obtuse at each end.
Yucca constrict a, s. n. — Foliis lineari-lanceolatis margine filamentosis acuminatis in apice caudicis confertissimis, caudex 12 — 18-policaris, scapus 4 — 6 pedalis, paniculis magnis, floribus numerosis longe pedunculatis, bracteis ovatis acutis margine membranaceis, sepalis ovato-oblongis, subobtusis, cap- sula subcylindracea in medio constricta.
Western Texas. June.
Leaves crowded at the top of the caudex, which is from a foot to eighteen inches in height ; leaves 12 — 15 inches long and 4 — 6 lines broad. It differs from the Y. angustifolia of Pursh in its constricted capsule, shorter leaves and longer caudex. Yucca angustifolia is common in Northern Texas ; its caudex scarcely rises above the surface of the ground, and its leaves are more than one-third longer than our species. The fruit of Yucca rupicola of Scheele, is conical, tapering to a sharp point, near which there is sometimes a slight constriction. The fruit of Y. constricta is nearly obtuse at both ends, 1^ — 2£ inches long and constricted in the middle.
Jpncace^e.
Juncus filipendulus, s. nov. — Culmo erecto, gracili, 6 — 12-policari et 1 — 2-foliato, foliis planis numerosis ad radicem, rhizomate muto-fibrosa, an- thela terminali, fasciculis 6 — 12-floris, bracteis ovatis, lato-membranaceis, acuminatis vel longe subulatis, perigonii phyllis 6, jequalibus lanceolatisve ovatis, lato-membranaceis, subulatis, trigona obtusaque capsula longioribus, stylo brevissimo, stigmatis 3, fuscis tortis pubescentibus.
In the western part of Llano County, along streams in dense tufts, with weak, single stems, terminated by 1—4 subhemispherical heads of flowers,
[Jan.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 9
which, when later with mature fruit, are of a light straw color ; seeds ovate, with reddish brown points ; heads of flowers about 5 lines in diameter ; radi- cal leaves 3 — 5 inches long.
Juncus d iffusis simus, s. n. — Culmo erecto 2 — 3 pedali, foliato, foliis oblongo linearibus acutis, septis transversis inconspicuis, vaginis compressis acutis 1 — 3-policaribus, anthela terminali decomposita et lato filamento-ramo- sissima, fasciculis 5— 7-floris, foliis floralibus ovatis membranaceis acutis, se- palis sequalibus lineari-lanceolatis, acutis, margine membranaceis, capsula oblonga trigona subacuta, perigonio fere duplo longiore, semina ovoidea utrinque subobtusa.
Northwestern Texas.
Panicle widely diffused, some of its filiform brandies being more than a foot in length ; heads subhemispherical, yellowish brown and 1 — 2 inches apart from each other. Whole plant weak and not rigid ; capsules 4 lines long, gradually attenuated to a blunt or subacute point, and nearly double the length of the si-pals ; seeds ovoid, tailless, subobtuse, yellowish brown, with the ends dark brown.
COMMELYNACEJE.
Tradescautia speciosa, s. nov. — Caule erecto simplici vel subramoso, glabro, foliis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, acutis margine ciliatis, subamplexi- caulibus, radicalibus petiolatis, umbellis terminalibus, ad basin pilosis sessili- bus, pauciHoribus breve pedicellatis, sepalis lanceolatis subacutis margine membranaceis, petalis lato-ovatis roseis.
Corpus Cbristi. May.
Plant 4 — 6 inches high, smooth, excepting the margins of the leaves, the pedicels and the base of the calyx. Radical leaves, including the petioles, 3 — 4 inches long and 1 inch wide ; petioles 6 — 12 lines in length ; stem leaves 1 — 2 inches long and 1 inch broad ; the upper pair of leaves inclosing the umbel about an inch long and nearly an inch in width, acute ; flowers ex- panded 4 — 6 lines in diameter, rose colored ; pedicels 1 — 3 lines in length.
CYPERACE.E.
Cyperus retroflexus, n. s. — Rhizomate bulboso ; culmis erectis triquetis 1J — 2^-pedalibus basi foliatis ; foliis 12— 15-policaribus margine et carina gla- briusculis ; involucre 5— 7-phyllo ; foliis 2 inferioribus umbella longioribus ; umbella5 — 7-radiata ; radiis insequalibus, exterioribus 2 — 3-policaribus; spicu- lis congestis tarde reflexis teretibus acuminatis 2 — 3-floris basi bracteatis ; brac- teis ovatis albo-hyalinis obtusis ; squamis oblongo-obovatis vel lanceolatis acutis lateralibus membranaceis ; carinis viridiscentibus ; caryopsi elongata trigona 3 lin. longa, breve apiculata glabra ; stylo 3-fido.
Northern Texas. June.
Spikes green ; scales 3 — 4, the lower pair unequal, one being about one- third longer than the other, and clasping the middle of the spikelet, which is commonly 2-seeded ; spikelets 3—4 lines long ; terminal scale long, acu- minate.
Cyperus ruficomus, n. s. — Culmis erectis triquetis 2 — 3-pedalibus basi foliatis ; foliis culmo brevioribus ; umbella 5 — 9-radiata ; radiis insequalibus 1— 5-policaribus involucro 5 — 7-phyllo ; phyllis linearibus planis insequalibus, longioribus 7 — 9-policaribus ; spiculis 7 — 9 lin. longis, remotiusculis 20 — 30 ; inferioribus 2 — 3-congestis et pedicellatis circum 20-squamatis ; squamis ovatis acutis marginibus albo-rufescentibus carinis viridiscentibus ; caryopsi lineari trigona apice acuta.
San Saba County. June.
Spikelet subterete and little more than a line in diameter. The long leaves of the involucre 3—4 lines wide. A linear setaceous leaf 5 — 6 lines long at the base of three or four of the lower spikelets. Interior bracts none.
1862.]
10 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF
Cyperus Heermannii, n. s. — Culmis erectis 2— 3-pedalibus, trigonis ; umbella 11 — 13 radiata ; radiis insequalibus 2-interioribus sessilibus ; longi- oribus subsequalibus 7 — 8-policaribus ; involucro 9 — 13 phyllo ; phyllis in- sequalibus, longioribus 9 — 12-policaribus ; radiis 15 — 17-stachyis, basi confertis apice divergentibus 15 — 25-floris ; squamis ovatis acutis lateralibus rufescen- tibas margine albescentibus ; carinis viridiscentibus ; involucelli phyllis numerosis linearibus, vel setaceis ; longioribus 1 — 2-policaribus ; achenio ob- tuso ellipsoideo et obtuso trigono stylo profunde trifido.
California. Dr. Heermann.
Spikelets densely aggregated in nearly tbe same plane, with numerous linear or setaceous leaves interspersed. Often tbe beads of spikes are proli- ferous, with a ray about an inch in length, crowned with spikelets.
Chsetocyperus (Elseocharis) membranaceus, n. s. — Culmis filiformibus erectis, crespitosis, 2 — 3-policaribus planis ; spica oblongo-ovata 4 — 12-squa- mata, acuta imbricata ; squamis ovatis, acutis vel subobtusi lateralibus dense albo-hyalinis dorsis stramineis ; achenio lato-ovoideo nigro, subacute triangu- lari et abrupte in tuberculum angustum erosum rostrato ; setis nullis.
Llano County. Grows in small tufts.
Spikes greyish white 3 — 4 lines long, achenia quite as broad as long, dull black, not shining. A few of the scales are tinged on the back with brownish red, but most of the backs are straw colored and not keeled ; the back of the lower scale is green.
Eleocharis cylindrica, n. s. — Culmis planiusculis filiformibus 9 — 12-poli- caribus ; spica cylindrica subacuta 4 — 7 lin. longa ; squamis ovatis vel ovato- lanceolatis acutis inferioribus obtusis rufescentibus ; margine albo-hyalinis carinis stramineis ; achenio parvo ovoideo obtuse triangulari glabro tuberculo magno subconico apiculato ; setis 3 — 6 caducis nucula brevioribus.
Northern Texas. June.
Spikes 1 — 2 lines in diameter. Stems below immersed in water. Nuts pale yellow, small ; tubercle large in proportion, contracted at the base and shortly apiculated.
Eleocharis microformis, n. s. — Culmis setaceis csespitosis erectis 1 — 2- policaribus, planiusculis ; spicis ovatis obtusis vel subacutis 10 — 12-squa- matis ; squamis ovatis acutis vel subobtusis, rufescentibus ; carinis virides- centibus ; achenio glabro nitido lato obovato pyriformi ; setis (i nuculam sequantibus ; tuberculo lato applanato breve apiculato.
Northern Texas. June.
Mature achenia black and shining, crowned with a broad white tubercle, with a short point in the centre. Scales reddish brown, with green keels.
Eleocharis acutisquamata, n. s. — Culmis striato-sulcatis erectis filifor- mibus 10 — 15-policaribus ; spica oblongo-ovata acuta 15 — 40-squamata ; squa- mis ovato-lanceolatis, acutis rufescentibus apice membranaceis ; achenio obo- vato pyriformi et minute reticulato ; tuberculo breve conico apiculato ; setis nullis ; spica 4 lin. longa.
San Saba County. May and June.
Rhizoma large and creeping ; achenia pale yellow, biconvex tubercles brown.
On the Uniformity of Relative Characters between Allied Species of European
and American Trees.
BY THOMAS MEEHAN.
To whatever principles the origin of species may be owing, the following observations tend to show that their respective differences are the result of one unvarying law.
Noticing that European willows, oaks and other trees retained their green
[Jan.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA.
11
leaves in the autumn much longer than closely allied American species grow- ing near them, and that this could not be owing to immediate climatic influ- ences, as Gleditschia triacanthos, Robinia pseudacacia, and other American trees, with no European representatives, possessed the same characters, I was led to believe it was rather the result of inherent specific peculiarities, which further investigation tended to confirm.
It will be seen from the subjoined table that on any positive difference being ascertained to exist between an American and a closely allied European species, the relative differences between all other closely allied species of the same differing geographical distribution are of the same character and nature.
For instance, the European Plane (Platanus orientalis) maybe distinguished by a compactness of growth when compared with the diffuse habit of the American species, and the same compactness and diffuseness will be found to prevail in all the respective European and American species of other genera.
The nut of the European chestnut {Castanea vesca) is characterized by large size ; the American ( C. Americana) is much smaller, and the seeds of all allied European and American species bear the same relative proportions ; and so of other characters that I have compared, and which I may enumerate as follows : —
1st. Color and persistency of the leaves. — In which the American species change to some brilliant hue, and fall comparatively early, while the European co-species fade black, and are retained to a later period of the season.
2d. Outline of the leaves. — In which the American species have the leaves less lobed, less deeply toothed or serrated, less in width in proportion to their length, and less petiolate than the European species.
3d. Size of the seeds. — In which the American are smaller than the European.
4th. Habit of growth. — In which the American is more diffuse, has much fewer branchlets, and more and more vigorous main branches, and the outline more irregular and informal than European trees.
5th. Size of the buds. — In which the American have smaller ones than the European, and usually set at wider spaces between the nodes.
The observations finally made were taken at Germantown, Pa., during the first week in November, 1861.
European Species. Laiix Europaea. Quereus robur.
" cerris. Betula alba. Populus tremula.
" dilatata. Morus alba. Euonymus Europaeus. Spiraea salicifolia. Berberis vulgaris. Carpinus betulus. Cornus sanguinea. Ulmus campestris. Corylus avellana. Alnus glutinosa. Castanea vesca. Pyrus malus. Tilia Europaea. Ulmus montana. Fraxinus excelsior. Cerasus padus.
" mahaleb. Fagus sylvatica. 1862.]
American species.
Larix Americana.
Quereus alba.
" macrocarpa.
Betula populifolia.
Populus grandidentata. " Caroliniana.
Morus rubra.
Euonymus atropurpureus.
Spiraea carpinifolia.
Berberis Canadensis.
Carpinus Americanus.
Cornus sericea.
Ulmus Americana.
Corylus Americana. Alnus serrulata. Castanea Americana. Pyrus coronaria. Tilia Americana. Ulmus fulva. Fraxinus acuminata. Cerasus Virginiana.
" serotina. Fagus ferruginea.
12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
European species. American species.
Cercis siliquastriuni. Cercis Canadensis.
Celtis australis. Celtis occidentalis.
Platanus orientalis. Platanus occidentalis.
Acer platanoides. Acer saccharinum.
Juglans regia. Juglans nigra.
Crataegus oxyacantha. Crataegus cordata.
In the Jirst of the points to which attention has been directed, the only ex- ception appears to be in Larix Europwa, which drops its leaves at near the same time as the American, and, unlike all the other species named, exhibits in fading the same tinted leaves.
In point 2. Fagus ferruginea has a more strongly toothed margin than the European F. sylvatica ; but it is also worthy of note that the leaves of the English species are more coriacious than the American, which may have checked the prolongation of the nerves forming the teeth in the latter species. If there is any difference in the consistency of the leaves, it is usually in favor of the American species.
In 3. Quercus cerris has smaller acorns than C. macrocarpa, but it is the most distantly allied species brought into comparison.
In 4. I know of no exceptions.
In 5. In some few instances the buds of European species appear to be no larger than the American, and in still fewer instances seem smaller ; but the rule holds good so generally as to form a striking and prevailing character.
It is proper to remark that the observations were taken from allied species that I have been able to find growing in proximity to each other, and in as similar circumstances as possible. This is very important, as, to a limited extent, circumstances have an influence in the variation of characters. For instance, Quercus alba, when growing in the full light and unsurrounded by other trees, has its leaves much more deeply sinuated than when growing in a mass with others. Lack of attention to this fact would make standard botanical works in some instances seem to oppose the conclusions I have arrived at. As an example of this, Michaux figures Fagus ferruginea with larger fruit than F. sylvatica, and the leaves of Juglans regia as less serrulate than those of J. nigra, neither of which agrees with my experience of plants grown near each other in this climate, and is probably, if not altogether, an error in drawing, to be accounted for by the supposition that the sketches were made from specimens growing under widely diverging circumstances.
The species employed in the comparisons are not in all cases the nearest that might be had. Pyrus baccata, for instance, would be a better match for P. coronaria than P. malus, but they were the best my facilities afforded me. Some allied trees could not be compared in all points, and were therefore left from the list. sEsculus, for instance, had shed its leaves at the date given, — too early for comparison in persistency of foliage ; but in points 2, 3, 4 and 5 the differences between JE. hippocastanum, on the European, and JE. ftava, on the American side, agree with other species of the other genera named.
The observations are perhaps too limited, in the absence of more extensive examinations of other characters and other plants, to establish the fact that, whatever may be the principle governing the origin of species, — whether it be by "progressive development," "natural selection of physiological advan- tages," or by "special and continuous acts of creation," — it is in conformity with one regular and uniform law ; but their tendency is so evidently in that direction, that I submit the facts for more general investigation, in the belief that it will prove a novel and interesting branch of study in Botanical Science.
[Jan.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 13
Notice of a New Species of HEMILEPIDOTUS, and Remarks on the Group (TEM- NISTIiE) of which it is a member.
BY THEODORE GILL.
In the family of Cottoids there exist three genera which quite closely re- semble each and have a rather peculiar physiognomy, but at the same time differ so decidedly from each other, and are distinguished by characters of such previously acknowledged importance, that their close mutual affinity has been overlooked ; and the respective genera have been referred to the neigh- borhood of quite dissimilar groups.* The best and largest known of these genera is Hemilepidotus of Cuvier ; the other two are Temnistia of Richardson and Scorpcenichthys of Girard. For the group thus composed, the name of Temnistice is preferable, as it describes the most peculiar character of the group. Although Hemilepidotus is the chief genus, its name is too restrictive to be modified for the appellation of the group.
The Temnistice are distinguished by the development of the first dorsal fin, which is more than half as long as the second, composed of about eleven spines, and with the anterior spines rather shorter and more or less separated by a notch or incision from the following. The supramaxillary bones, snout, supra- orbital region and the forehead and preorbital bones are furnished with cuta- neous tags or barbels.
The three genera are chiefly distinguished by the following differential cha- racters.
Temnistia Richardson. Abdomen nearly hemispherical and naked. Pectinated scales cover the rest of the trunk. Second dorsal and anal Jins with undivided rays.
Hemilepidotus Cuvier. Scales in two longitudinal bands on each side, one dorsal and one lateral.
Scorpcenichthys Girard. Body naked and smooth. V. I. 5.
Five species, inclusive of that here described, are now known to belong to the group. All of them are peculiar to the western coast of North America or the Arctic Seas ; the typical species of Hemilepidotus, as well as the single known Temnistia, are both found in the Northern waters. The existence of Temnistia has been quite forgotten by the recent systematic writers, although its rank as a valid genus cannot be challenged.
Hemilepidotus Gibbsii Gill.
The form and proportions are nearly identical with those of H. spinosus (Girard.) The crown, the region above the preoperculum and operculum, and the interocular space, are granulated, but without spines. There are four equidistant short flaps in a transverse row behind the interorbital area, four papillose barbels on the margin of each preorbital bone, and another on the suborbital above the end of the supramaxillary ; from the centre of the latter a larger compressed flap springs. On the chin are four small flaps. A flap also exists near the anterior angle of the upper cleft of the branchial aperture.
* I embrace this opportunity to state that the genus Triglopsis of Girard is most closely allied to my Oncocotlus, of which the Cottus quadricornis of Europe is the type, and differs chiefly in the absence of the " horns " or claviform tubercles and in its fresh water habitat, &c. The entire family of Cottoids indeed requires a careful revision. Dr. Giinther has been quite unsuccessful in his distribution of the species, and has regarded as doubtful, species which belong to peculiar genera that have been clearly and distinctly characterized, while genera and species whose claims to that rank are much more ques- tionable have been admitted.
1862.]
14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP
1 D. fcl. 2, 16, 2. A. 14 -. C. 4, 5, 4, 3. P. 16. V. I. 4.
1
The ahdomen is spotted. The preopercular, interopercular and suborbital regions, the membrane connecting the maxillary bones and the lower surface of the head, are covered with large dark brown dots. The fins are more or less distinctly banded or spotted; the ventrals whitish.
Specimens of this species were obtained by Dr. Kennerly, the naturalist of the North-Western Boundary Survey, and are also found at San Francisco, a large specimen being in the same lot containing the true Hemilepidotus spinosus, and confounded with it by Dr. Girard. From that species it differs in the number and arrangement of the cutaneous tags as well as by color.
I have dedicated the species to my friend, Mr. George Gibbs, who rendered much valuable assistance to the naturalist of the Survey. A detailed descrip- tion will be given in the Report on the Ichthyology of the Western Coast.
On the Subfamily of ARGENTININJE. BY THEODORE GILL.
In the " Catalogue of the Fishes of the Eastern Coast of North America," the family of Salmoaoids is divided, with Prince Bonaparte, into two sub- families,— the Salmoninae and Argentininae, — but with the very important modification of the exclusion from the latter, as well as from the family itself, of the genus Microstoma. With Bonaparte also Osmerus is retained among the Salmonina?, while Mallotus is placed in the subfamily of Argentininas. The great error involved in this arrangement was subsequently discovered, but I unfortunately forgot to correct it in the Catalogue. The only character which thus separates the two subfamilies is the development of the teeth, — a charac- ter of secondary value. The two subfamilies are very distinct from each other, but distinguished chiefly by the modifications of the intestinal canal.
The Salmonince have the stomach nearly or quite siphonal, and the pyloric caeca are numerous.
The Argentininae have the stomach decidedly caecal, and the caeca are gene- rally five in number, and surround the pyloric extremity of the stomach.
Dr. Kner, in his excellent contribution on the form of the stomach and the development of the pyloric caeca, has even suggested that Osmerus and its allies may belong to a different family ; and it certainly appears quite pro- bable that such is the case. The position of the Argentininae, as a subfamily of the Salmonoids, is therefore provisional.
The Argentininae, as now characterized, are divisible among two distinct groups ; one has the normal salmonoid position of the dorsal fin, or, in other words, it is subcentral, and above or nearly above the ventrals. This group embraces all the common northern or European and American species.
Another group, represented by a single species, is distinguished by the pos- terior insertion of the dorsal and its position above the anus; the species is an inhabitant of Australasian seas, and has been described under the name of Argentina retropinna, by Sir John Richardson. The specific name may be ac- cepted as a generic appellation, while the species can be called in honor of its learned describer, Retropinna Richardsonii.
A species of the true Argentine group also is the type of a distinct genus nearly allied to Argentina;, with which it agrees in the number of brancbios- tegal rays, but the mouth is larger, the dentition different and the ventral fins more advanced. Its type is the Argentina pretiosa of Girard, or Osmerus elonga- tus of Ayres. It may be named Mesopus, in allusion to the position of the ventral fins.
The following synopsis exhibits the relations and differential characters of the several genera : —
£Jan.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 15
L Dorsal subcentral, above or nearly above the ventrals Argentina.
A. Branchiostegal rays 8. Mouth rather large. Ventrals under the front or in advance of dorsal.
Scales of the male villose or pointed, in a lateral
band. Pectoral and ventrals much developed Mallotus.
Scales alike and simple in both sexes. Pectorals
and ventrals moderate Osmerus.
A A. Branchiostegal rajs 6. Mouth small; maxillar ceas- ing under front of eyes. Ventrals nearly under
middle of dorsal Hypomesus.
AAA. Branchiostegal rays 6. Mouth very small ; maxillars not extending to eyes. Ventrals inserted under rear of or behind the dorsal.
Scales cycloid Argentina.
Scales with exposed surface spinigerous Silus.
II. Dorsal far behind, above anus Retropinn.e.
Branchiostegal rays 6. Scales cycloid Retropinna.
The genus Thaleichthys, of Girard, has not been adopted, it appearing to be, as Dr. Ayres has already shown, identical with Osmerus. The latter gentleman has remarked, <; that the very species which the describer takes as the type of Thahichthys, has occasionally teeth on the palatines well developed ; and one specimen in my possession shows even denticulations on the maxillaries."
There is a very considerable analogical resemblance between the group of Argentinae and the Salmonine genus Argyrosomus of Agassiz, — a resemblance more especially manifested between the genus Hypomesus and the American Argyrosomus albus {Coregonus albus, Les.) and the A. albula (Coregonus albulus, Val.) of Northern Europe. The likeness, however, appears simply to be one of analogy, and not indicative of close affinity.
Appendix to the Synopsis of the Subfamily of PERCIN2E
BY THEODORE GILL.
Since the publication of the " Synopsis of the Subfamily of Percinae," we have become acquainted with two quite distinct generic types which are now referred to their places in the system. This appendix will consequently perfect to date the synopsis, and exhibits the condition of our present knowledge of the Percinas, with the exception, perhaps, of the relations of the Labrax lyiuy of Basilewski. That species does not appear to belong to Labrax, but rather to an unnamed genus, but the description is too defective to admit of its pro- per classification.
Genus Chorististum Gill.
Liopropoma? sp. Poey, Memorias sobra la Historia Natural de la Isla de Cuba vol. ii.
Body fusiform, with the caudal peduncle high and compressed. Head rather elongated, conic in profile and acute in front, but with the outline slightly curved. Lower jaw protuberant. Teeth villiform on the jaws, vomer and pala- tine bones. Preoperculum entire. Operculum armed with two spines. Scales on the whole body, except the muzzle. Dorsal fins entirely separated; the first with five spines diminishing from the second; the second dorsal with a single spine. Anal armed with three graduated spines, and with the soft portion elevated backwards. Caudal subtruncated. Lateral line anteriorly arched.
Type. Cborististium rubrum, Gill.
Syn. Liopropoma? rubre, Poey. Memorias sobra la Historia Natural de la Isla de Cuba. Tomo ii., p.
1862.]
16
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP
This genus is represented by a single species, and is distinguished from i?» opropoma chiefly by the modification of the dorsal fin, but differs also by other less important peculiarities. The name of Chorististium has been bestowed on it in allusion to the separation of the second dorsal from the first,* on account of the atrophy of the antecedent spines of the former which occur in Liopropoma.
Genus Siniperca Gill.
Perca Basileivski, Noveaux Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou. Tome x., p. 217. 1855. Non Perca, Linn.
Body oblong and compressed, covered with small scales. Lateral line little arched in front. Head mostly scaleless, oblong, with the profile slightly in- curved to the eyes, and with the snout conic and slightly convex before eyes. Eyes small, entirely in the anterior half of the head. Mouth rather large, the supramaxillary bones continued under or behind the eyes. Lower jaw promi- nent. Teeth villiform on the jaws, vomer and palatine bones. Preoperculum serrated behind, beneath with three or four spines or lobes. Operculum termi- nating in a spine. Branchiostegal rays seven. .Dorsal fins connected at base; the first arched, with twelve spines ; the second short and quadrate. Anal with three spines, the second of which is short or moderate; the soft part corre- sponding to the second dorsal. Caudal entire. Pectoral fins rounded behind.
Type. Siniperca chua-tsi, Gill.
Syn. Perca chua-tsi, Basilewski, op, cit., tome x., p. 218, tab. 1, fig. 1.
This is a very distinct and peculiar genus, its physiognomy recalling to mind the Lates calcarifer more than any other fish, but it widely differs from Lates in the development of the first dorsal fin, the almost or quite naked head, the small size of the scales on the trunk and the slight armature of the opercular bones. It is composed of only two known species, the Perca chua-tsi and P. chuan-tsi of Basilewski, both of which are inhabitants of the Chinese rivers. In allusion to this restriction of habitat to the Chinese Empire, the name of Siniperca may be given. Dr. Basilewski has very well formulated the charac- ters of the genus, but he has unfortuuately employed for it the name of Perca ; the latter must of course be retained for that to which it was originally given, and it then becomes necessary to rename the Chinese fishes.
Note on the SCIJENOIDS of California.
BY THEODORE GILL.
Dr. Ayres has recently described, in the "Proceedings of the California Academy of Natural Sciences," two new species of Sciaenoids, for one of which he has framed a new genus, (Seriphus,) and the other has been referred to Johnius. Dr. Ayres has also expressed his belief in the close affinity of Se- riphus and Johnius. On perusing his description, and after an examination of his outline figures, I am convinced that Seriphus is most closely allied to that as yet unnamed genus of which the Ancylodon parvipinnis of Cuvier and Va- lenciennes is the type, while the Johnius nobilis belongs to one nearly allied to the weak fishes ( Cynoscion) of the Eastern American coast, and is congeneric with Cuvier 's Otolithus cequidens of the Cape of Good Hope. The two species of California are consequently not only generically distinct, but they appear to me to represent two subfamilies, equally distinct from each other and from the Scireninfe.f
* X&>p/trToc, separate and 'Is-tiov, sail.
*It may be here remarked that the genus Camarina of Ayres is not at all related to the Pomacentroids, but is synonymous with the genus Girella of Gray and Gu'nther. Dr. Ayres has stated that the " genus,-though resembling in general features some species of Pomacentrus, presents a new grouping of generic characters."
[Jan.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 17
Five species of Scisenoids are now known as inhabitants of the western coast
of the United States ; they represent apparently three groups or subfamilies.
The Sci^ninje or Corvininje are restricted to those species of the family
having the normal or nearly the normal number (j^) of vertebrae, that of the
caudal being sometimes increased. The snout is more or less protuberant' and the lower jaws generally received within the upper. The lower pha- ryngeal bones are separated ; the upper triple on each side. Three of the Californian species belong to this group.
1. Rhinoscion saturnus Gill.
Amblodon saturnas Girard.
2. Umbrina undulatds Girard.
Menticirrhus undulatus Gill.
3. Genyonemus lineatts Gill.
Leiostomus lineatus Ayres.
The second species was formerly referred to Menticirrhus, but as I am now acquainted with a true Umbrina from Lower California, I prefer to retain Girard's species in the latter genus. The description of Girard, although very unsatisfactory, rather tends to confirm the propriety of such restoration.
The following synopsis of the Umbrina: of Cuvier shoics the principal distinc- tions of the several genera.
I. Dorsal spines ten.
Head oblong and declivous above ; caudal equal Umbrina.
Head rather elongated ; caudal unequally lobed ; the upper pointed, the lower convex Menticirrhus.
II. Dorsal spines thirteen.
Head rather short and blunt Cirrimens.*
The second subfamily or group is that of the Otolithinje, which, I have discovered since the publication of the notice of the North American Sciseuoids, is distinguished by the reversed proportions of the numbers of the vertebra?.} The body is fusiform, and the lower jaw is prominent or at least even with the upper.
To this belongs the following species : —
4. Atractoscion nobilis Gill.
Johnius nobilis Ayres.
The following synopsis exhibits the characters of Atractoscion compared with the other genera of Otolithina?.
A. Height less than one-fourth of length. (Vertebra?
14
about j^.) OtolituinjE.
B. Teeth regularly attenuated and pointed.
Eyes very large, the diameter longer than the snout.
*The type of this genus is the Umbrina ophiocephalus of Jenyns. tBy this character the Otolithina; are distinguished from ihe Larimin^e, which has nearly the normal number and proportion of the vertebra? ( ). Possibly Odonto-
scion, as Gunther supposes, may be most nearly allied to this group, but it appears more nearly connected to the Otolithina?. The Larimina? have, then, two genera very distinct from each other, and recognizable by the following characters: — Second dorsal much longer than the first. (— I. 24—30.) L. brevicepsCuv. Larimus. Second dorsal as short or shorter than first. (= I. 13.) L. auritus Cuv. Brachydeuterus.
1862.] 2
18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP
Teeth in external row large Odontoscion.*
Eyes moderate, the diameter less than the snout. Teeth in 1 — 3 rows. Anal fin I.— II. 7—13.
Canine teeth of lower jaw large Otolithus.f
Canine teeth in lower jaw obsolete.
Psendobranchise developed Cynoscion. t
Pseudobranchise obsolete Apseudobranchus.§
Anal fin I. 15 — 16 Archoscion.||
Teeth cardiform or pluriserial Atractoscion.^
BB. Teeth above in front (2) and beneath on sides large and
arrow-shaped Ancylodon.**
The third group is composed of two genera, and may be called Isopisthin^. The only species of the Californian is that named by Ayres.
5. SfiRipnus politcs Ayres. The following are the characters of the group and genera: —
A. Dorsal fins quite remote ; second dorsal and anal subequal,
oblong IsOPISTHIN/£.
Scales small and cycloid. Canine teeth above in front and
below on sides very large and lanceolate Isopisthus.
Scales large, strongly ciliated. Teeth distinct, in one or
two rows Seriphus.
The discovery of representatives of such rare types on that coast which has already furnished so remarkable a number of peculiar forms, is a discovery of much interest.
I have, in my treatise on the North American Scisenoid genera, alluded to the external differences between the Corvininse and Otolithina?, but, unable to find other satisfactory characters, declined at that time to consider them as distinct subfamilies. It was after an examination of Dr. Ciinther's work that my attention was arrested by the coincidence between the proportions of the abdominal and caudal vertebra? and the external form, and I cannot but believe that the value that has been now given to the groups is merited by their im- portance. To Dr. Griinther we are indebted for having first assigned to the family of Sciamoids its true limits. He appears to have retained such, and such only, as are genuine members of the family. Some, as Isojnsthus and Seriphus, seem indeed to have some relation to the carangoid Scombroids, such as Lactarius, but the affinity is probably remote. The wide separation above proposed between Isopisthus and Ancylodon does not appear to be unnatural.
The resignation of R. E. Griffith as Librarian was read and accepted.
The following was read and adopted :
Resolved, That the Committee on the Library, in conjunction with the Librarian, be authorized to employ an assistant for one year, at a salary not to exceed twenty-five dollars per month.
The Auditors reported that they had examined the Treasurer's an- nual report and had found it correct.
*Type. Corvina dentex Cuv. et Val. \Type. Otolithus ruber Cuv. et Veil. JOtolithus regalis Cuv. §Otolithus toe-roe Cuv. et Val.
|| Otolithus analis Jertyns. ^Otolithus aequidens Cuv. et Val.
**Ancylodon jaculidens Cuv. etVal.
[Jan.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA.
19
Pursuant to the By-Laws, an election of members of the Standing Committees for 1862 was held; and a Librarian was also elected, as follows :
[ETHNOLOGY. J. A. Meigs,
S. S. Haldeman, g
I. I. Hayes.
COMP. ANAT. $ GEN. ZOOLOGY. J. Leidy, J. M. Corse, J. H. Slack.
MAMMALOGY.
J. H. Slack, John Cassin, J. L. Le Conte.
ORNITHOLOGY. John Cassin,
S. W. WoODHOUSE,
J. H. Slack.
HERPETOL OGY$ ICHTHYOLOG Y. E. D. Cope, R. Bridges, J. C. Morris.
CONCHOLOGY. T. A. Conrad, W. G. Binney, G. W. Tryon, jr.
ENTOMOL OGYAND CR USTA CEA . R. Bridges, Samuel Lewis, E. T. Cresson,
BOTANY. E. DURAND,
Joseph Carson, Aubrey H. Smith.
GEOLOGY. Isaac Lea, Charles E. Smith, J. P. Lesley.
MINERALOGY. Wm. S. Vaux, J. C. Trautwine, T. D. Rand.
PALEONTOLOGY. Joseph Leidy, T. A. Conrad, J. L. Le Conte.
PHYSICS. B. Howard Rand, Wm. M. Uhler, R. E. Rogers.
LIBRARY,
Wm. S. Vaux, Joseph Leidy, Joseph Jeanes.
PROCEEDINGS. Robert Bridges, Joseph Leidy, Wm. S. Vaux, John Cassin, Thomas Stewardson.
LIBRARIAN.
J. Dickinson Sergeant.
1862.]
20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY Off
February <±th. Dr. Leidt in the Chair.
Twenty-three members present.
The following were presented for publication :
Descriptions of certain speices of Lepidoptera, by W. H. Edwards.
Description of a new Cardium from the Pleistocene of Hudson's Bay7 by Wm. Stimpson. •
Dr. Fisher stated that on the 24th of last December, 24 minutes past 4, P. M., at Budd's Ferry, Md., he had observed a brilliant meteor in the southwest, about 20° above the horizon. Its path subtended an arc of 25 to 30°, and its size appeared to be about that of the full moon when in the zenith.
February lltJi.
Dr. Le Conte in the Chair.
Twelve members present. The following were presented for publication : Monograph of the species of Sphaerium, by Temple Prime. Synopsis of the species of Holcosus and Arneiva, with diagnoses of new West Indian and South American Colubridse, by E. D. Cope.
February ISth. Vice President Bridges in the Chair.
Twenty members present.
The following were presented for publication :
Synopsis of the Mordellidae of the United States; Note on the species of Calosoma, &c. ; Note on the Classification of Cerambycidae, &c. By John L. Le Conte, M. D.
Note on Quercus Heterophylla ; Descriptions of Plants By S. B. Buckley.
Monograph of the species of Trogosita, &c, by G. H. Horn, M. D.
Additions to the Nomenclature of North American Lepidoptera, by Aug. R. Grote.
Mr. Vaux, on behalf of the Committee on Proceedings, laid on the table the No. for last December.
Dr. Bridges, on behalf of the Publication Committee, announced the publication, on the 11th inst., of Vol. V. pt. 1 of the Journal.
February 25th.
Mr. Lea, President, in the Chair.
Nineteen members present.
The following were ordered to be printed in the Proceedings :
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 21
Descriptions of new CRETACEOUS FOSSILS from Nebraska Territory, collected by the Expedition sent out by the Government under the command of Lieut. John Mullan, IT. S. Topographical Engineers, for the location and construc- tion of a Wagon Road from the sources of the Missouri to the Pacific Ocean.*
BY F. B. MEEK AND F. V. HAYDEN.
The collections containing the fossils described in this paper, were obtained along the Missouri River at various localities between Fort Benton and points 140 to 150 miles below the Fort. The new forms here for the first time made known, are all labelled " Chippewa Point," which is some twenty odd miles below Fort Benton. There are also in the collection from this locality, and ap- parently from the same rock, some fine specimens of our Inoceramus umbonatus and /. fragilis, Hall and Meek. The presence of the latter species, and the affinities of several of the new forms, indicate that these fossils all come from No. 2 of the Nebraska Cretaceous series, which is known to be extensively developed in that region: fragments of one or two of the new species at least, have certainly been found in that horizon at other places. As we have no sec- tion of the strata exposed at this locality, however, we are without the means of knowing whether or not these fossils all came from the one bed. Iudeed, some of them being quite peculiar, and very unlike anything hitherto known in our Nebraska series at other localities, it is barely possible there may be a member here of the Cretaceous not previously recognized elsewhere in this region.
There are also in the collection from the same place as the above, a number of good specimens of Atrypa reticularis ; they are labelled " Chippewa Point, 300 feet above the level of the river." These are of Devonian or Upper Silu- rian age, and were doubtless broken from boulders, or other erratic masses, brought by drift agencies from some distant northern locality, and of course have no connection with the geology of this immediate vicinity.
At another locality, ninety miles below Fort Benton, a specimen of our Tan- credia Americana, and a few other bivalves, were obtained, though we do not know whether they were found in situ or loose. They evidently belong to the same beds occurring at the mouth of Judith River, farther up, which we have elsewhere referred with doubt to the Dakota Group, (No. 1) of the Nebraska Cretaceous series. That this bed is Cretaceous, is proved by the occurrence in it of of Baculites, as well as by the affinities of its other fossils, excepting the Tancredia, which would alone point to a lower horizon. Its exact position ir. the Cretaceous series still remains doubtful.
The collection also contains from other places 125 to 150 miles below Fort Benton, specimens of Oslrea sublrigonalis, Evans and Shumard, and of the fol- lowing species elsewhere described by us : — Corbicula [Cyrena] cytheriformie, Corbula permidata, Vivipara Conr adi and V. trochiformis ; all of which belong to the Fort Union Group, (brackish water and lower Tertiary deposits) of that region. Some of these were probably obtained from loose masses. Good speci- mens of Baculites compressus, Say, were likewise collected near one of these latter localities.
Figures and more extended descriptions of the new species here indicated are to be prepared by us for publication in Lieut. Mullan's final Report.
* The fossils described in this paper were collected by Mr. John Pearsall, who acted as naturalist of Lieut. Mullan's expedition.
1862]
22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
CEPHALOPODA. Genus SCAPHITES, Parkinson.
SCAPHITES VENTRICOSUS.
Shell ventricose, attaininga rather large size, oval-subglobose in form, broadly rounded on the dorsum. Umbilicus very small, deep, and showing scarcely any part of the inner whorls. Volutions about three to three and a half, increasing rather rapidly in size, particularly in breadth, nearly twice as wide transversely as from the dorsal to the ventral side; all regularly rounded on each side and deeply embracing within ; last one deflected from the regular curve of the others so as to become slightly disconnected at the aperture, which is trans- versely reniform or lunate. Surface ornamented with numerous small, rather regular costas, some forty-five to fifty-five of which may be counted around the dorsum of each turn, where they are of uniform size, excepting their gradual and uniform enlargement with the whorls. On the outer, or last volution, only every fifth or sixth one of the costse extends across to the umbilical margin ; the intermediate ones becoming obsolete on the sides, where those extending entirely across become larger, more prominent and more angular than on the dorsum.
The septa are each provided with five deeply-divided principal lobes. The dorsal lobe is longer than wide, and has on each side of its very slender body three main branches, the two terminal of which are slightly larger than the next pair above, and each provided with three or four small unequal subdi- visions on the outer side. The dorsal saddle is as large as the dorsal lobe, extremely narrow at its base and profoundly divided at its extremity into two unequal branches, of which the one on the dorsal side is larger than the other, and distinctly tripartite, each of its subdivisions being deeply sinuous and ob- tusely digitate. The other main branch is very narrow, and provided with several short, obtusely rounded, irregular lateral divisions. The superior lateral lobe is as wide as the dorsal lobe, but shorter, and ornamented with two large, nearly equal bifurcating terminal branches, the lateral subdivisions of which are bifid and more or less digitate, while the other two are each pro- vided with from five to seven digitations. The lateral saddle is much smaller than the dorsal saddle, very narrow at its base, and consists above of two equal trilobate terminal branches. The inferior lateral lobe is little more than one- third as large as the superior, and very similarly divided, excepting that its branches are proportionally shorter. The ventral lobe is very small and armed with three or four short, simple divisions.
Length, 313 inches; height, 2 65 inches; breadth or convexity, 1-90 inch.
In its external ornamentation, this shell is much like a species described by us from near the Black Hills, under the name of S. Warreni, (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., May, 1860, p. 177.) It differs, however, remarkably in size and form, being nearly twenty times as large, and proportionally much more ventri- ccse, while its volutions increase much more rapidly in size. Its umbilicus is also proportionally smaller and its body whorl not deflected so far from the coil of the inner turns. As we have not yet had an opportunity to see the septa of S. Warreni, we have no means cf knowing how nearly these foinis may agree in their internal structure.
Locality and position. — Chippewa Point, near Fort Benton, on the Upper Mis- souri ; Fort Benton Group of the Nebraska Cretaceous series.
SCAPHITES VERMIFORMIS.
Shell attaining a medium size, oval subdiscoidal in form. Umbilicus very small. Volutions increasing gradually in size, rounded on the dorsum and sides, and deeply embracing within; all a little broader transversely than from the dorsal to the ventral side ; last one deflected from the regular curve of the others, so as to become slightly disconnected at the aperture, which is trans-
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 23
versely subreniform, or a little oval, with a somewhat sinuous inner margin. Surface ornamented by numerous straight costae, which are small and nearly regular on the inner volutions, but become more irregular and larger on the side^ of the body whorl, where they support around each dorso-lateral region, a row of prominent nodes so disposed as to alternate on opposite aides of the shell.
On the dorsum the costs are of uniform size, with the exception of their regular enlargement with the whorls. The nodes are directed out at right angles to the plane of the shell, and, like the costEe, become again smaller and more closely arranged towards the aperture. Some of the costae bifurcate at the nodes on the body whorl, but their number is also increased by the inter- calation of others between. Where they bifurcate at any of the nodes on one side, the two divisions crossing over the dorsum from the point of bifurcation, never both intersect a node on the opposite side, but, in most cases, one of them, and sometimes both, terminate between two of the nodes on the other side. In crossing over the dorsum, near the aperture, they all curve a little forward, but on other parts of the shell they pass nearly or quite straight across.
Tne septate portion of the only specimen of this species in the collection being highly crystalline, the sutures of its septa cannot be very clearly traced out. We can see, however, that the dorsal lobe is a little longer than wide. It has a rather narrow body, and is provided with three branches on each side, the upper pair of which are small and nearly simple, while the next pair are longer and bifid, and the terminal pair, which are a little larger than the second, are each ornamented by three small, pointed branches or digitations on the outer side. The superior lateral lobe is somewhat irregularly tripartite, the lateral divisions being bifid and sharply digitate, while the terminal, which i3 longer than the others and not exactly central, has about five pointed digita- tions, or sharp, nearly or quite simple branchlets. The lateral saddle is deeply divided at the extremity into two nearly equal branches. The inferior lateral saddle is not more than about one-third as large as the superior, nearly as long as wide and regularly tripartite, while the others have about four digitations each, and show a slight disposition to bifurcate.
Length, 2-10 inches; height, 1-76 inch; greatest breadth measuring to the extremities of the nodes on opposite sides, 1-25 inches ; do. between the nodes, 1 inch.
This species is related to S. hippocrepis of Dekay, sp. (= Ammonites hippo- crepis, Dekay, An. N. Y. Lyceum, vol. ii. pi. v. fig. 5,) but differs in having its body whorl less extended away from the coil of inner volutions, and in being higher in proportion to its length. Its nodes are also larger and much more prominent; but the most marked difference between these two forms is in their septa, the dorsal lobe of that under consideration being proportionally much narrower and provided with three instead of two branches on each side; while its lateral lobes are distinctly tripartite instead of bifid.
It is also allied to S. Texanus, Roemer, (Kreid. von Tex., tab. 1, fig. 4.) though its septa differ as widely from those of that shell as from S. hippocrepis.
Its smaller size, less ventricose form, narrower whorls, and distinct nodes, will at once distinguish it from the last described species, with which it was found associated. Its septa also differ in the tripartite character of its lateral lobes, which is an unusual feature in this genus.
Locality and position. — Same as last.
Genus AMMONITES, Bruguiere. Ammonites Mullananus. Shell compressed-subglobose; rounded on the dorsum. Umbilicus small, deep and acutely conical, — between one-third and one-half as wide as the
1862.]
24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP
breadth of the outer whorl from the dorsal to the ventral side, showing about one-third of each inner volution. Whorls increasing rapidly iu size, particu- larly at right angles to the plane of the shell, — sloping on each side from near the umbilicus (with a slightly convex outline) towards the dorsum, and round- ing abruptly into the umbilicus on the ventral side ; eneh of those within deeply embraced by the succeeding turn. Aperture transversely reniform or sublunate. Surface ornamented with rather small, regular, rounded costse, which pass nearly straight across the sides of the whorls, and arch slightly forward in crossing over the dorsum. On the dorsal side, (where they are of uniform size,) from thirty-six to forty of the costa3 may be counted to every turn. Each of those commencing at the umbilicus is there usually a little enlarged, especially on the larger whorls, so as to form a small, subnodose prominence. Beyoud these they all (particularly on the inner whorls) bifurcate regularly once, near the middle of each side, and on the larger turns others are also intercalated between, so as to make the number on the dorsal side five or six times as great as at the umbilicus.
The septa are rather crowded and provided with variously branched and deeply sinuous lobes and saddles. The dorsal lobe is about one-fourth longer than wide, nearly obovate in form, and ornamented with three principal branches on each side, the two terminal of which are larger than the others and each provided on the outer side with two or three more or less digitate lateral branchlets, while the inner parallel margins are merely sharply serrated. The dorsal saddle is of about the same size as the dorsal lobe, a little oblique, nearly oblong in form, and divided at the extremity into two tripartite and obtusely digitate branches, of which the one on the dorsal side is larger than the other ; below these it is provided on each side with two alternating lateral branches with sinuous margins. The superior lateral lobe is narrower and shorter than the dorsal lobe, and provided with two principal branches on each side, the two terminal of which are much larger than the others, and of unequal size, — the one on the right or dorsal side being the larger. Both of these terminal branches are distinctly bipartite, the subdivisions being orna- mented with several branchlets and smaller digitations. The lateral saddle is about half as wide and near two-thirds as long as the dorsal saddle, more or less oblique and rather deeply divided at the extremity into two subequal, bifurcating and obtusely digitate terminal branches. The inferior lateral lobe is as long as the lateral saddle, but a little narrower, and ornamented with three variously digitate terminal branches, the middle one of which is longer than the others, a little oblique and not exactly central. The ventral lobe is small, being less than half as long, and scarcely two-thirds as wide, as the inferior lateral lobe, and provided with three nearly equal, spreading, digi- tate, terminal branches. Between the ventral lobe and the umbilical margin there are two small auxiliary lobes, the first of which has two or three digi- tations on each side; while the second is nearly simple, or but slightly sinuous on the margins.
In the number and arrangement of the lobes and saddles of its septa, as well as in their mode of branching, this species agrees very nearly with A. Ilalli, (Meek and Hayden, Proceed. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., March, 1856, p. 70.) It has, however, one more lateral branch on each side of i's dorsal lobe, and one less on each side of its superior lateral lobe, than A. Ilalli; while all the di- visions of its lobes and saddles are more spreading. Although so closely allied in their internal characters, these two shells present marked differences in form, as well as in their external markings, the species now under considera- tion being much more ventricose and more coarsely ribbed than A. Ilalli.
It agrees much more nearly in form with A. Barnrtoni, Meek, (Prof. Hinds' Report, Assiniboine and Saskatchewan Expl. Expedition, pi. 11, figs. 1 and 2,) from far up north, on Mackenzie's River ; but differs in having a smaller and
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 25
more acutely conical umbilicus, and less broadly rounded dorsum. Its costae are also more rounded, and it presents well marked differences in its septa.
The only specimen of this species we have yet seen consists entirely of sep- tate whorls, the non-septate outer portion having been broken away. It mea- sures in its greatest, diameter 4 inches, and 257 inches in breadth at the widest part of the outer whorl.
Named in honor of Lieut. John Mullan, TJ. S. Top. Engrs., in charge of the Expedition for the location and construction of the Pacific Wagon Road.
Locality and position. — Same as preceding.
Genus NAUTILUS, Breynius. Nautilus elegans, var. Nebrascensis,
Nautilus elegans, SowerbyJ^816. Min. Conch., pi. 116. Nautilus elegans, Mantell, 1822. Geol. Sussex, t. xx. fig. Nautilus elegans, D'Orbigny, 1840. Palaeont. Franc. Ter. Cret., t. i. pi. 19. Nautilus elegant, Sharpe, 1853. Foss. Mai. Chalk, pt. 1, Ceph. pi. 3, fig. 3, and pi. 4, fig. 1. Palaeontographical Society.
Shell globose, broadly rounded over the dorsum and sides; umbilicus en- tirely closed ; volutions increasing rapidly in size, considerably wider trans- versely than from the dorsal to the ventral side; aperture transversely reniform or subluuate, being deeply sinuous on the inner side for the reception of the preceding turn ; margins of the septa rather abruptly arched forward near the umbilicus, and slightly backwards on the dorsal side, deeply concave on the outer side ; siphuncle located about its own breadth outside of the middle of each septum. Surface of the body whorl ornamented by regular, flattened, transverse costae about five times as broad as the grooves between. In crossing over the dorsum, these costae all arch gracefully and deeply backwards parallel to the broad dorsal sinus of the lip. On the inner whorls, the costse become obsolete or are only represented by rather distinct lines of growth.
Length or greatest diameter, 3-90 inches ; height, 2-82 inches ; breadth, 3-40 inches.
This shell agrees almost exactly, in form and surface markings, with Mr. Sharpe's figures of Sowerby's species, to which we have referred it, and only differs in having its siphuncle a little more nearly central and its umbilicus closed, apparently at all ages. According to Mr. Sharpe, the umbilicus of N. elegans is closed in the young shell, but becomes a little open in the outer whorl of large specimens. He also states that its siphuncle is located about half way between the middle and the dorsal side of the septa, though in his'figure on plate 4 of his Mouograph cited at the head of this description, it is represented somewhat nearer the middle. Such small differences, howevtr, we can scarcely regard as being of specific importance, but, if fuller comparisons should prove our shell to be distinct, it can retain the name of Nebrascensis.
It is worthy of note that D'Orbigny's figures cited above represent a rather distinctly less ventricose form, with a more narrowly rounded dorsum than our Nebraska shell, or those figured by Mr. Sharpe. He also shows a distinct longitudinal line on the middle of the dorsum (of an internal cast) not seen on our specimen, nor on those figured in Mr. Sharpe's Monograph.
Dr. Shumard has described, in vol. i. p. 590 of the Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Sciences, a similar species from the cretaceous rocks of Texas. As he mentions, however, that the siphuncle of the Texas shell is situated between the middle and the ventral side of the septa, and that the height of its aperture is greater than its breadth, he doubtless has a distinct species from N. elegans. So far as we know, this is the first time Sowerby's species has been even doubtfully identified in America.
Locality and position.Sa.mQ as preceding.
1862.]
2G PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
LAMELLIBRANCHIA TA. Genus INOCERAMUS, Sowerby.
INOCERAMUS UNDABUNDUS.
Shell (left valve) obliquely rhombic-subovate, gibbous, anterior side very short, obliquely truncated from the beak above, and rounding into the lono- antero-basal margin ; base very prominent, and abruptly rounded a little behind the middle, from which point its margin ascends obliquely forward with a gently convex outline ; posterior side broadly rounded or subtruncate ; dorsal outline sloping from the beaks at an angle of about 90° ; hinge appa- rently short; beak moderately prominent, incurved, and directed a little towards the front ; umbonal axis ranging at an angle of about 70 with the hinge line ; surface ornamented by regular, distinct, concentric undulations, which are (on the cast) subangular, and separated h* shallow rounded depres- sions ; shell structure coarsely fibrous near the fnnge. (Right valve un- known.)
Height from the most prominent part of the base to the hinge, 3 inches ; length at right angles to height, 3 inches ; convexity, 1*84 inches.
The peculiar obliquely rhombic outline, rather gibbous form, and regular undulations of this shell, will readily distinguish it from any other species known to us. It is true, bcth the following species have the corresponding valve more gibbous than this, but in those the greatest convexity is in the umbonal region, while in this it is near the middle of the valve. In all other respects they are remarkably unlike.
Locality and position.— Chippewa Point, near Fort Benton, on the Missouri River, from beds supposed to hold the position of Fort Benton Group of the Nebraska Cretaceous section.
INOCERAMUS EXOGYROIDES.
Shell large ; left valve subcircular, its height being a little greater than its length from the anterior to the posterior side, very gibbous ; buccal and anal margins rounded, and forming with the base about three-fourths of a circle ; cardinal border somewhat arched ; beak large, elevated, gibbous, distinctly involuted and directed obliquely forward, so as to bring its point near the anterior margin ; surface of cast smooth, or marked by obscure concentric- folds. (Right valve unknown.)
Length from anterior to posterior margin, 5 inches; height, 5*50 inches; convexity near 3 inches.
We have not yet seen the right valve of this species, but judging from the gibbous character and incurved beak of the left, it will probably be found to be much more compressed, so as to make the shell very distinctly inequivalve. The laterally curved beak and general form of the left valve give it much the appearance of some species of Exogip-a, when viewed on the inner side. Its aperture is transversely oval, the height being to the length about as four to five. Remaining portions of the shell about the hinge show it to have been rather thick and distinctly fibrous.
This species differs from an analogous form described by us from the same position ? (and from near the same locality) under the name of I. tanbonatus, in being much more depressed, and in having its beak considerably less ele- vated, as well as directed much more obliquely forward. In 7. umbonatus (some fine specimens of which were broxight in with the form under considera- tion) the umbo of the left valve rises near one-half the entire height of the shell above the hinge, while in the species we are here describing it extends less than one-third the height of the shell above. The length of the valve from the anterior to the posterior side is distinctly greater in proportion to its height than in I. umbonatus, while the corresponding valve of the latter shell is much more gibbous. We have before us a series of specimens belonging to each of these forms, and find no difficulty whatever in separating them.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 27
A careful examination of much better specimens of /. umbonatus, in the col- lections now before us, than that first described by us, shows that form to be even more closely allied to /. involutus of Sowerby than we had at first sup- posed. As Sowerby's species holds a position, however, in the Upper Chalk, and ours comes mingled with Lower Chalk types, it is probable a comparison of perfect specimens of each would result in the discovery of constant differ- ences.
Locality and position. — Same as last?
Inoceramus tenuirostratus.
Left valve very gibbous, subquadrilateral in outline ; anterior side truncated almost immediately in front of the beak, and rounding into the base below ; ventral margin semielliptical in outline ; posterior side rounded, or sometimes subtruncate above ; hinge straight, comparatively long, and rather finely crenulated, there being about five crenulations in the space of 0-20 inch ; beak very gibbous, pointed, slender, prominent, and distinctly incurved, — directed obliquely forward so as to bring its point nearly over the anterior margin ; surface (of internal cast) smooth over the gibbous umbonal region, but having a few small and very obscure concentric undulations below the middle. (Right valve unknown, but probably compressed.)
Length, 2*10 inches; height from base to hinge, 1 '82 inches ; height from base to top of umbo, 2-13 inches ; convexity, (left valve only,) 0-90 inch.
This shell has a longer hinge and a more transverse form than any other species known to us, having so prominent, slender, and incurved a beak. It differs remarkably from the last, in the slenderness of its beak and less regu- larly ventricose character of its left valve. Its umbonal region is perhaps more gibbous than that of the last, though this gibbosity is more local and abrupt.
Locality and position. — Same as last.
Genus VENILIA, Morton.
Venilia Mortoni.
Shell transversely oblong, or subrhombic in outline, gibbous, thick and strong ; base nearly straight, but rounding up in front ; dorsal margin parallel to the base, excepting behind, where it rounds into the anal margin ; anterior side truncated immediately in front of the beaks ; posterior margin truncated a little obliquely ; postero-basal extremity abruptly rounded or subangular ; beaks located directly over the anterior margin, directed obliquely forward, and rather distinctly incurved at the points, as in Isocardia ; posterior um- bonal slopes forming a prominent oblique ridge from each beak to the postero- basal extremity ; lunule and escutcheon impressed, but without distinctly defined margins ; surface marked with strong lines and more or less distinct concentric ridges of growth, which latter assume a regular arrangement on the umbones.
Length, 1*66 inches; height, l-40 inches; breadth or convexity, 1*17 inches.
This species is allied to Venilia Conradi of Morton, (Synop. Org. Rem. pi. 8, fig. 1—2,) but differs, if Dr. Morton's figures are correctly drawn, in being proportionally longer transversely, more nearly oblong in form, and in having its posterior margin more distinctly truncated, while its antero-ventral region is less prominently rounded. Its dorsal margin is also more nearly horizontal, and rounds less regularly into the truncated anal border.
The genus Venilia was proposed by Dr. Morton, in 1834, for the reception of a rather peculiar shell, which D'Orbigny afterwards referred to Cyprina. We agree, however, with those authors who regard it as clearly distinct from the typical forms of Cyprina, though it may not be generically distinct from a few forms referred by some to that group. We have not had an opportunity
1862.]
28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
to see Dr. Morton's original specimen, but, judging from his figures and a carefully drawn sketch of its hinge sent us by Mr. Gabb, it seems to us more nearly allied to Cypricardia of Lamarck than to Cyprina.
The only question in regard to the propriety of retaining Dr. Morton's name arises from the fact that it had been previously (1829) applied by Duponchel to a group of lepidopterous insects. If Dupouchel's genus is a good one, we think Morton's name for the group of shells to which the species under con- sideration belongs should be changed, although we are aware many natural- ists are inclined to admit the use of the same generic names in different de- partments of Natural History.
Locality and position. — Same as preceding.
Genus PHOLADOMYA, Sowerby. Pholaoomya papyracea.
Shell rather under medium size, extremely thin and fragile, transversely subovate in outline, moderately convex in the anterior and umbonal regions, cuneate and a little gaping behind ; outline of base regularly semiovate, its most prominent part being somewhat in advance of the middle ; anterior side short and rounded ; posterior margin more narrowly rounded ; hinge margin straight, long, not inflected so as to form a distinct escutcheon ; beaks mode- rately gibbous, rising little above the hinge, incurved and located near the anterior extremity of the shell, but not terminal. Surface ornamented by about twelve small radiating costse, which are interrupted by numerous small, regularly arranged concentric ridges. The radiating costse are divided by the concentric ridges, so as to present the appearance of rows of minute nodes placed upon the latter. The surface markring are all distinctly impressed upon the internal cast.
Length, 1*16 inches ; height, 0*76 inch ; breadth or convexity, 0-55 inch.
This species seems to be closely allied to Pholadomya occidentalis of Morton, (Synopsis Org. Rem. pi. viii. fig. 3,) but is much smaller, and differs in having numerous regular concentric ridges, separated by furrows that completely divide the radiating costse, which are less numerous and more regularly arranged than on Morton's species.
It also resembles P. ovulum of Agassiz, (Etud. Crit. sur les Moll. Foss. tab. 36, fig. 1 — 6,) an Oolitic species, but has a longer and straighter hinge margin, and differs in being destitute of a distinctly defined depression along the dorsal margin. Its concentric ridges likewise appear to differ in being more regular and distinct.
Locality and position. — Same as preceding.
Monograph of the Species of SPH2ERIUM of North and South America.
BY TEMPLE PRIME. (Continued from page 409, Dec, 1861.)
15. Sph. triangulare, Say.
Cyclas trianyularis, Say, New Harm. Dissem. 356, 1829.
Animal not observed. Shell transversely oval, nearly equilateral, rather full, anterior margin slightly distended, rounded, posterior somewhat abrupt, nasal rounded ; beaks large, full, prominent ; lines of growth regular, epi- dermis brownish ; hinge margin narrow, curved ; cardinal teeth very distinct, assuming the shape of the letter V reversed ; lateral teeth prominent.
Long. 9-16 ; lat. 7-16 ; diam. 4-16 inches.
Hah. N. America, in Mexico. (Cabinet Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada.)
The specimens from which I have prepared this description were presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia by Mrs. Say, as the Cyclas
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 29
triangularis, Say ; they may or may not be true representatives of Say's species. In many points they answer his description of the C. triangularis, but at the same time I am not able to reconcile their shape, which is not more triangular than that of any other species, with the name he has applied to the species. Moreover, they bear a very strong resemblance to one of our Northern Sphserium, the Sph. s o 1 i d u 1 u m ; they differ from it, however, in being less heavily and more regularly striated, and in having more prominent lieaks.
b. — Species with protuberant or calyculate beaks.
16. Sph. elevatum, Hald.
Cycles elevata, Hald., Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc, i. 53, 1841. C. pallida, DeCharp., MSS. 1851. Animal not observed. Shell ovate, orbicular, nearly spherical, cavity
large, equilateral, margins well rounded ; beaks central, slightly inclined towards the anterior, lap- ping over the outline of the shell, large, tumid, approximate, calyculate, prominent ; hinge margin slightly curved ; cardinal teeth united, prominent ; lateral ones elongated ; large, valves very strong, interior bluish ; surface smooth, striation light, irregular ; color brownish olive, greatly varied by zones of a lighter shade, a zone of bright yellow bordering the inferior and part of the lateral margins. Long. 9-16 ; lat. 8-16 ; diam. 5-16 inches.
Hab. N. America, at New Orleans, La., and in Florida and Alabama. (Cabinets Acad. Nat. Sci. Philada., and Prime.)
Remarkable for its transversely spherical shape, which renders it distinct from all other species of this genus. It is much more solid than the generality of calyculate species, the valves being as strong as those of any of the larger species of the preceding group.
The Cyclas pallida, the young of this species, is more delicate than the adult ; it is a little less transversely spherical, the stria? are lighter, and the color is bright yellow.
Prof. Haldeman's original specimen of the Cyclas elevata, from which this description was prepared, and which is now in the cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences, though very perfect in appearance, comprised but a single valve.
This species seems to be very rare. I have never met with any other specimens but the one in the cabinet of the Academy and those I have in mine, — two specimens of the Cyclas pallida, derived from De Charpentier himself, and a single valve from Florida.
17. Sph. partumium, Say.
Cyclas partumia, Say, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., II. 2, 380, 1822.
C. cornea, var. 2, Lam., An. s. vert. v. 558, 1818.
C. orbicularia, Barrat, Amer. II. xlviii. 276, 1845.
C. mirabilis, Prime, Bost. Proc. iv. 157, 1851.
C. ccerulea " loc. sub. cit. iv. 161, 1851.
C. eburuea, Anthony, " " " iv. 279, 1852. Animal usually white, in some varieties pink, syphonal tubes pink. Shell rounded-oval, thin, fragile, pellucid, somewhat inflated, nearly equilateral ; anterior margin very slightly distended, rounded ; posterior slightly abrupt ; basal rounded ; beaks central, calyculate, approximate at apex ; striae so deli- cate as hardly to be visible ; epidermis glossy, of a light greenish horn color, with at times a zone of a different shade on the basal margin ; valves delicate, moderately convex, interior light blue ; hinge margin nearly straight, passing
1862.]
30 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF
by a regular curve into the anterior margin, but curving suddenly behind so as to form an obtuse angle, causing the posterior side to appear broader, thus giving the shell a somewhat rhombiform appearance ; cardinal teeth strong, assuming the shape of the letter V reversed ; lateral teeth very much elongated.
The young shell is more compressed than the adult ; it is usually light yellow.
Long. 8-16; lat. 7-16; diam. 516 inches.
Hah. N. America, in the States of Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, S. Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama and Arkansas. (Cabinets Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Garden of Plants at Paris, Agassiz, Jay and Prime.)
This species varies much according to the localities where it is found, which accounts in part for the number of names it has received. The Cyclas orbicularia, of which I have authentic specimens from Mr. Barrat, is a genuine Sph. partumium, without even any local modifications of shape. The Cyclas mirabilis, from Georgia, is a small form of this species, and the Cyclas c oe r ul e a differs from the type in being a little less inflated. The Cyclas e b u r n e a , from Arkansas, varies from the Northern Sph. partn- mium in being more compressed and a little more elevated. I do not think, however, taking the difference of localities into consideration, that these are characters sufficient to warrant retaining the Cyclas eburnea as a distinct species. I had an opportunity while in Paris to assure myself that the variety No. 2 of Cyclas cornea was a true Sph. partumium.
This species is not only very widely distributed, but where it is found, it occurs in large numbers. The only one of our Northern species to which it bears much resemblance is the Sph. truncatum, and that is only in general outline ; the Sph. partumium is much more inflated and transversely more broad.
18. Sph. J a y a n u m , Prime.
Cyclas Jayensis, Prime, Bost. Proc. iv. 157, 1851.
Animal not observed. Shell rhombic, nearly equilateral, moderately con- vex, thin, fragile, somewhat translucent, drawn up to an angle towards the hinge margin ; anterior and posterior margins very abrupt, inferior very slightly curved ; beaks central, calyculate, approximate at apex ; hinge margin considerably shorter than the basal margin, slightly curved ; cardinal teeth distinct in the shape of the letter V reversed ; lateral teeth elongated ; valves delicate, interior light blue ; striae hardly visible ; epidermis glossy, light greenish horn color, with at times a zone of bright yellow on the inferior margin.
Long. 8-16 ; lat. 7-16 ; diam. 3-16 inches.
Bab. N. America, in the region of Lake Superior ? (Cabinets Agassiz, Jay, Garden of Plants in Paris, and Prime.)
This attractive and rare species is easily distinguished by its elevated shape and by its abrupt lateral margins, which give it a somewhat triangular appearance. It is related to the Sph. Ryckholti of Europe, from which it differs, however, in being more inflated, its beaks are less prominent, the shell is more elevated, and its anterior margin is abrupt, whereas in Sph. Ryckholti it is distended and angular.
19. Sph. subtransversum, Prime, Proc. Zool. xxviii. 322, 1860.
Animal not observed. Shell small, transversely oblong, equilateral, trans- lucent, fragile, compressed ; beaks central, large, calyculate ; striae very deli- cate ; epidermis greenish yellow.
Long. 3-10 ; lat. 2-10 ; diam. 1-10 inches.
Rob. N. America, at Tabasco in Mexico. (Cabinet Cuming.)
The only specimen I have seen of this species was sent to me for description by Mr. Cuming.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 31
20. Sph. argentinum, D'Orbigny.
Cyclas argentina, D'Orb., Mag. de Zool. 1835. Voy. en Amer. Merid. 5C!8, pi. 83, f. 5—7, 1844.
Animal not observed. Shell oval, small, translucent, compressed ; anterior side short, somewhat angular, posterior side distended and truncated at the end ; beaks calyculate ; striae delicate ; epidermis greenish brown ; valves slight, interior bluish ; cardinal teeth united, lateral teeth hardly visible.
Long. 5-16 ; lat. 4-16 inches.
Hab. S. America, at Montevideo at the base of the Cerro. (Cabinet British Museum.)
It has not been my good fortune to meet with this species. M. D'Orbigny says it bears some resemblance to the Cyclas caliculata, meaning thereby, I presume, the shell now known to European conchologists under the name of Sph. lacustre, Fcrussac.
21. Sph. tenue, Prime.
Cyclas tenuis, Prime, Bost. Proc. iv. 161, 1851.
Animal not observed. Shell small, transversely oblong, pellucid, mode- rately full, subequilateral ; anterior and basal margins rounded, posterior margin subabrupt; beaks nearly central, not prominent, calyculate ; striatums very fine and regular, hardly perceptible ; epidermis glossy, light straw color ; valves slight, interior straw color ; hinge margin short, narrow, nearly straight ; cardinal teeth very diminutive, lateral teeth small, elongated.
Long. 3-16; lat. 2-16; diam. 1-16 inches.
Hab. N. America, in the Androscoggin, Maine. (Cabinet Prime.)
This species, the smallest one known to inhabit the United States, was dis- covered some years since by Mr. Grirard, from whom I obtained my specimens, the only ones I have met with. It may possibly be the young of some species, but if so, it would be very difficult to say which ; setting aside its diminutive size, it appears to have all the characteristics of a mature shell. In outline it seems to be allied to the Sph. t r a n s v e r s u m ; it is, however, more inflated, less elongated, and its margins are more rounded. At first sight, it might readily be mistaken for a Pisidium.
22. Sph. transversum, Say.
Cyclas transversa, Say, New Harm. Dissem. 2, 356, 1829. C. detruncaa, Prime, Bost. Proc. iv. 155, 1851. C. aracile, " loc. sub. cit. iv. 156, 1851.
C. constricta, Anthony, " " " iv. 274, 1852.
Animal white, syphonal tubes pink, foot white. Shell transversely oblong, elongated, subinequilateral, translucent ; anterior side narrow ; anterior margin rounded, posterior margin subtruncate, basal very much curved ; beaks placed somewhat on the anterior side, large, calyculate, very much raised above the outline of the shell ; striae very delicate ; epidermis greenish yellow, of a darker shade at times on the region of beaks ; valves slight, interior bluish ; hinge margin very nearly straight, narrow ; cardinal teeth, compressed, in the shape of the letter V reversed, and very much expanded ; lateral teeth slightly elongated.
Long. 10-16 ; lat. 7-16 ; diam. 4-16 inches.
Hab. N. America, in the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Ken- tucky and Arkansas. (Cabinets Jay and Prime.)
This large and delicate species is remarkable for its very transverse shape and for the narrowness of the anterior extremity as compared to the posterior. The form of the shell recalls that of many of the small species from the West Indies and South America. It is found in considerable abundance.
The Cyclas detruncata does not differ sufficiently from the type to con- stitute even a variety. The Cyclas gracilis is a large variety of Sph. trans-
1862.]
32 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
versum, it is a little more inflated and of a darker polor. The Cyclas c o n- s t r i c t a is nothing more than a difformed specimen of Say's species, having a perpendicular furrow up the centre of each valve, caused by some accident occurring to the shell during its growth.
23. Sph. Bahiense, Spix.
Cyclas Bahiensis, Spix, Tert. Braz. 32, pi. xxv. f. 5, 6, 1827.
C. maculata, Anton, (non Morelet,) Wiegm. Archiv, 2S4, 1837.
Pisum maculatum, Desh., Brit. Mus. Cat. 283, 1854.
P. Bahiense " loc. sub. cit. 284, 1854.
Muscuhum Bahiense, Adams, rec. gen. ii. 451, 1858.
M. maculatum, " loc. sub. cit. ii. 451, 1858.
Animal not observed. Shell very small, rounded-oval, inflated, inequi- lateral ; anterior margin narrow, curved ; posterior margin broad, subtruncate ; inferior margin curved ; beaks inclined towards the anterior, large, prominent, calyculate ; valves slight, interior dark yellow, irregularly mottled with dark reddish spots ; lines of growth very fine ; epidermis yellowish brown, with irregular spots of dark purple ; hinge margin very narrow, nearly straight ; cardinal teeth small; lateral teeth comparatively strong, the posterior one much the longer. Long. 5-32; lat. 2-16; diam. 3-32 inches.
Hab. S. America, at Bahia in Brazil. (Cabinets Jay, Prime and others.) This, the smallest species of Sphserium, has the peculiar appearance cha- racteristic of the West Indian and South American shells of this genus. It does not seem to be uncommon. Some authors, led away by its diminutive size, have committed the error, as may be seen by the above synonymy, of placing it under the head of Pisidium. I have never seen the Cyclas macu- lata of Anton, (non Morelet,) but have every reason to believe, from the description given of it, that it does not differ materially from this species. In outline it is somewhat similar to the Sph. Barbadense; it is, however, much smaller, less inflated, and the beaks are much more raised. Compared to the Sph. meridionale, Nobis, and Sph. maculatum, Morelet, it is smaller, more inflated, and the margins are more rounded.
24. Sph. Barbadense, Prime, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861. Animal not observed. Shell small, rounded-oval, ventricose, subequi-
lateral, delicate ; anterior side a little the shorter and narrower ; margins generally rounded ; beaks slightly inclined towards the anterior, nearly cen- tral, small, calyculate, approximate at apex, at times eroded ; striae coarse for the size of the shell, though not very distinct ; epidermis dark greenish- brown ; valves slight, very convex ; cardinal teeth very small ; lateral teeth strong, very much drawn up and shorter than they usually are in other species.
Long. \ ; lat. 1-5 ; diam. 5-32 inches.
Hab. Barbadoes, West Indies. (Cabinet Prime.)
I have but one specimen of this species, which seems to be c^sely allied to the Sph. Bahiense of Brazil ; it is, however, much larger, more globose, and its beaks are not as much raised.
25. Sph. modioliforme, Anton.
Cyclas modioliformis, Anton, Wiegm. Archiv, 284, 1837.
Pisidium diaphanum, Hald., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., i. 53, 1841.
Pisimi modioliforme, Deshayes, Brit. Mus. Cat. 283, 1854.
Pisidium Moquinianum, Bourgt., Amen. i. 61, pi. 3, f. 13 — 17, 1855.
Cyclas Moquiniana, Gassies, Pisid. S. 0. f. 9, 1855.
C. s'riatella, Ferussac, Museum of Paris.
C. littoral is " Collect. Michaud.
C. Venezuelensis, Prime, Museum at Leyden.
Musculium modioliforme, Adams, rec. gen. ii. 451, 1858.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 33
Animal not observed. Shell small, ovate-oblong, moderately inflated, ine- quilateral, translucent ; anterior and basal margins rounded, posterior some- what distended and subtruncate ; beaks inclined towards the anterior, promi- nent, calyculate ; valves slight, convex ; epidermis dark yellow, irregularly spotted with a darker color ; strife hardly visible ; teeth very small ; hinge margin somewhat curved, very narrow.
Long. 5-16 ; lat. 3-16 ; diam. 5-32 inches.
Hal. S. America, in Brazil and Venezuela. (Cabinets Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Bourguignat, Gassies, Museum of Paris, Michaud, and Museum at Leyden.)
The specimen from which this description was prepared— the original shell from which Mr. Haldeman described the Pisid. diaphanum — is in the Cabinet of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. It was dis- covered in the interior of a large Ampullaria from Brazil. I have never seen the Cyclas modioliformis or the Pisid. M o q u i n i a n u m , but judging from their descriptions and from the figure of the latter, I have little doubt but that they belong to the same species. I have had occasion to examine the Cyclas striatella, littoralis and Venezuelensis personally.
The Sph. modioliforme seems to be rare. It bears some resemblance to the Sph. meridionale, but it differs from it in being more inflated and of a lighter color.
26. Sph. meridionale, Prime, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861. Animal not observed. Shell small, transversely-oblong, compressed, deli- cate, inequilateral ; anterior side narrow, shorter ; anterior margin somewhat angular, posterior subabrupt, basal slightly rounded ; beaks inclined towards the anterior, small, calyculate, approximate at apex ; valves slight, com- pressed, stria? very regular and delicate, hardly perceptible ; epidermis yel- lowish brown, irregularly mottled with large blotches of a much darker color ; hinge margin very slightly rounded, narrow, much shorter than the basal margin ; cardinal teeth diminutive ; lateral teeth slight, the posterior tooth much the more elongated.
Long, j ; lat. 1-5 ; diam. 2-16 inches.
Hal. N. America, at Panama. (Cabinet Prime.)
This species, of which I have never seen but one specimen, is easily dis- tinguished by its very inequilateral and compressed shape. Compared to the Sph. m a c u 1 a tu m , it is larger, its posterior margin is less abrupt, and its lateral teeth are larger.
27. Sph. maculatum, Morelet.
Cyclas maculata, Morelet, Test. nov. Insul. Cub., etc., pt. 2d, 25, 1851.
Animal not observed. Shell small, transversely-oblong, rhombic, elongated, inequilateral, compressed, delicate ; anterior side much the narrower, slightly rounded ; posterior side very broad ; posterior margin abrupt, forming a straight line from the hinge to the base of the shell ; inferior margin nearly straight ; valves slight, very little convex ; beaks small, calyculate, inclined towards the anterior side ; striae not perceptible ; epidermis dark yellowish- brown, irregularly mottled with spots of a much darker color ; hinge margin nearly straight ; cardinal teeth very small ; lateral teeth strong, elongated.
Long. 4-16 ; lat. 3-16 ; diam. 2-16 inches.
Hah. N. America, in Yucatan. (Cabinets Morelet, Jay and Prime.)
A rare species ; the only specimens I have met with were kindly presented to me by the original describer. It is easily distinguished from all other species of Sphserium by the very great disproportion which exists between the lateral margins.
1862.] 3
34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
28. Sph. Veatleyi, C. B. Adams.
Cyclas Veatleyi, C. B. Adams, Contrib. Conch. 44, 1849. Pisidium " Petit, II. Conch, ii. 421, 1851. Pisum " Desh., Brit. Mus. Cat. 283, 1854.
Musculium " Adams, rec. gen. ii. 452, 1858.
Animal not observed. Shell small, transversely elongated, inequilateral, compressed; anterior and inferior margins rounded; posterior margin sub- truncate ; beaks situated towards the anterior side and inclined in that direction, small, prominent, calyculate ; valves slight, interior irregularly spotted with dark blotches ; stripe regular, coarse for the size of the shell ; epidermis horn color with a tinge of brown ; hinge margin nearly straight : cardinal teeth small but distinct, placed in the shape of the letter V reversed ; lateral teeth well developed, elongated.
Long. 3-16; lat. 2-16; diam. 1-16 inches.
Hab. N. America, in the Island of Jamaica. (Cabinets Jay and Prime.)
This rare species, of which I received specimens from the late Prof. Adams, is somewhat allied to the Sph. Portoricense; it is, however, smaller, more delicate, more elongated, the valves are less full, the beaks less large, and the hinge in every way more slight.
29. Sph. Portoricense, Prime, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861. Animal not observed. Shell small, transversely elongated, rhombic, equi- lateral, slightly compressed ; margins generally straight, in especial the pos- terior margin ; beaks central, slightly inclined towards the anterior side, calyculate, approximate at apex ; striae regular, quite heavy considering the size of the shell ; epidermis light brownish-yellow ; cardinal teeth strong ; lateral teeth strong, very much drawn up ; valves solid, very little convex ; the interior, and at times the exterior, irregularly spotted with a few dots of very dark color.
Long. \ ; lat. 1-5 ; diam. ^ inches.
Hab. Portorico, West Indies. (Cabinets Swift and Prime.) The specimens from which this description were prepared were kindly fur- nished to me by Mr. Swift of St. Thomas. In proportion to its size this species is quite robust. It is different from the generality of the West Indian and South American Sphseria by its sulcations, which are regular and deep. In shape and appearance it recalls the young of Sph. sulcatum. It is allied to Sph. Veatleyi in outline, but otherwise it is different, in being heavier and of a larger size.
■&v
30. Sph. s e c u r i s , Prime.
Cyclas securis, Prime, Bost. Proc. iv. 160, 1851. Ann. N. Y. Lyceum,
v. 218, pi. vi. 1851. C. cardissa, Prime, Bost. Proc. iv. 160, 1851. C. crocea, Lewis, lot*, sub. cit. v. 25, 1854.
Animal pinkish, syphons of the same color. Shell rhombic-orbicular, ven- tricose, subequilateral, both sides of very nearly the same length ; anterior margin a little curved ; posterior margin abrupt, forming an obtuse angle with the hinge margin ; basal margin much longer than the superior margin, rounded ; beaks large, calyculate, slightly inclined towards the anterior, very approximate at apex ; valves slight, very convex, especially in the region of the umbones ; stria? delicate, regular, hardly perceptible ; epidermis glossy in some cases, very variable in color, but generally of a greenish-horn, at times of a brilliant yellow or straw color ; hinge margin curved, narrow ; cardinal teeth very small, united at base ; lateral teeth slight, elongated, very narrow.
Long. 6-16 ; lat. 5-16 ; diam. 4-16 inches.
Hab. N. America, in the States of Massachusetts, Vermont, Pennsylvania and New York. (Cabinets Jay, Lewis aud Prime.)
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 35
Found plentifully at Cambridge, Mass. I cannot see differences sufficient be- tween the Sph. s e c u r i s and the Cyclas cardissa to separate them ; the Cyclas cardissa is more globose, transversely shorter, more elevated, but still intermediate forms uniting the two are so frequent that it is not possible that they should form distinct species.
The Cyclas c r o c e a, Lewis, is a young of this species.
Compared to the Sph. sphaericum, the Sph. securis is more equilateral, the beaks are less tumid and less inclined, the sides are less rounded, and the hinge margin is less curved.
31. Sph. rosaceum, Prime.
Cyclas rosacea, Prime, Bost. Proc. iv. 155, 1851.
Animal not observed. Shell small, rounded-oval, fragile, translucent, sub- equilateral, somewhat compressed, margins generally rounded ; beaks nearly central, slightly inclined towards the anterior, calyculate, approximate at apex ; valves very slight, a little convex in the region of the umbones ; striae regular, hardly visible ; epidermis shiny, reddish-brown ; hinge margin nearly straight, delicate, narrow ; cardinal teeth nearly obsolete, lateral teeth slight, elongated.
Long. 4-16 ; lat. 3-16 ; diam. 5-32 inches.
Hab. N. America, in the Schuylkill River. (Cabinet Prime.)
This species, which is very rare, the only specimens known to me being those in my collection, is not very liable to be confounded with others. Com- pared to the Sph. occidental e, it is less full, the beaks are more prominent and are calyculate.
32. Sph. sphaericum, Anthony.
Cyclas sphcerica, Anthony, Bost. Proc. iv. 275, 1852.
Animal not observed. Shell globose, subequi- lateral, transversely oval ; anterior side narrow, distended, rounded ; inferior margin rounded ; pos- terior margin subabrupt ; beaks inclined towards the anterior, large, prominent, calyculate ; valves slight, very convex, interior blue ; striae fine and regular ; epidermis greenish ; hinge margin much curved ; cardinal teeth strong, united at base and disposed in the shape of the letter V reversed ; lateral teeth prominent, very distinct, rather short. Long. 5-16 ; lat. 9-32; diam. 3-16 inches.
Hab. N. America, in the Black River, Ohio. (Cabinets Anthony and Prime.)
Very rare ; I have never seen any specimens of this species but those in Mr. Anthony's collection and in mine. Compared to the Sph. rosaceum, it is less equilateral, more inflated and the margins are less rounded.
33. Sph. truncatum, Linsley.
Cyclas calyculata, C. B. Adams, Amer. II., xi. 277, 1841. " truncata, Linsley. Amer. II., N. Ser., vi. 234, f. 3, 1848. " pellucida, Prime, Boston Proc, iv. 277, 1852.
Animal not observed. Shell rhombic-orbicular, lenticular, thin, pellucid, very slightly inflated, subequilateral ; anterior side narrower ; anterior mar- gin rounded ; posterior margin nearly a straight line ; basal somewhat curved ; beaks central, calyculate, approximate at apex ; striae very delicate ; epider- mis glossy, light greenish horn color ; valves slight, very little convex ; inte- rior light blue ; hinge margin very nearly straight ; very narrow ; cardinal teeth diminutive, united at base ; lateral teeth slight, narrow, not much elongated.
1862.]
36
PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
Long. 6-16; lat. 5-16 ; diam. 5-32 inches.
Hab. N. America, in the States of Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, Con- necticut, New York and Ohio. (Cabinets Linsley, Gould and Prime.)
The specimens from which this description was prepared, the same ones from which Dr. Gould described the original Cyclas truncata, are pre- cisely similar to those the late Prof. Adams sent to me labelled Cyclas caly- culata, from Vermont, and which I described, in 1852, under the name of Cyclas pellucid a. This specicies is undoubtedly very closely allied to the Sph. lacustre, Ferussac (Cyclas calyculata of authors) of Europe, but still the differences are patent enough to authorize its being retained as distinct. Compared to the Sph. partumium, the Sph. truncatum is less inflated, transversely less broad, the posterior margin is more abrupt and the hinge slighter. The young, more tumid than the adult, is of a lemon yellow. Found not uncommonly.
34. Sph. lenticula, Gould.
Lucina lenticula, Gould, Bost. Proc, hi. 256, 1850.
Cyclas lenticula, Gould, Atlas Explor. Exped., pi. 36, f. 528.
Animal not observed. Shell rhombic-orbicular, lenticular, thin, pellucid, very slightly inflated, nearly equilateral ; anterior side narrower ; anterior margin curved ; posterior margin abrupt, inferior rounded ; beaks central, calyculate, approximate at apex; striae hardly visible; epidermis glossy, light greenish horn color ; valves delicate, a little convex towards the region of the umbones ; interior light blue ; hinge margin nearly straight, narrow ; cardinal teeth hardly visible, united at base ; lateral teeth slight, narrow, not much elongated.
Long. 7-16 ; lat. 6-16 ; diam. 3-16 inches.
(Cabinets Gould, Anthony and Prime.)
Hab. N. America, in Carson River, California.
This species, of which I obtained specimens from Dr. Gould, is so similar in nearly every respect to the Sph. truncatum, that it is very difficult to tell them apart. The valves of the Sph. lenticula are perhaps a little more convex as they approach the region of the beaks, and the hinge margin a little more curved and less narrow. The young shell is of the same color as the adult, whereas, with Sph. truncatum, the young is of a lighter color.
Fossil Species.
35. Sph. recticardinale, Meek and Hayden, Ac. N. S. Phil., Proc, 176,
1860.
Shell of medium size, transversely subelliptical, rather compressed, very thin ; anterior side rounded ; base forming a regular semielliptic curve ; pos- terior extremity obliquely subtruncate above and rather narrowly rounded below ; cardinal margin long and straight ; beaks very small, compressed and projecting but slightly above the hinge, located nearly half way between the middle and the anterior end ; surface marked by moderately distinct, irregular lines of growth.
Long. 0-55 ; lat. 0-36 ; diam. 0*24 inch.
Hab. Near the mouth of Grand River, on the Upper Missouri, Nebraska, U. S. of America. Tertiary Formation.
36. Sph. planum, Meek and Hayden, Ac. N. S. Phil., Proc, 175, 1860. Shell rather small, broad oval or subcircular, much compressed ; extremi- ties more or less regularly rounded, the posterior margin being sometimes faintly subtruncate ; base semioval in outline ; cardinal margin rounding gradually from near the middle ; beaks very small, compressed, and scarcely extending beyond the hinge margin, nearly central ; surface marked by fine, irregular, obscure concentric strise.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 37
Long. 0-38 ; lat. 0-32 ; diam. 0-08 inch.
Hab. Near the mouth of Grand River, on the Upper Missouri, Nebraska, U. S. of America. Tertiary formation.
37. Sph. f o r m o s u m, Meek and Hayden.
Cyclas formosa, M. & H., Ac. N. S. Phil., Proc, 115, 1856. " fragilis, M. & H., loc. sub. cit., 115, 1856.
Shell small, oval, oblique, scarcely ventricose ; cardinal margin straight ; buccal end rounded ; and extremity obliquely truncate ; basal margin semi- elliptical or broadly rounded ; beaks obtuse, tumid, rising somewhat above the hinge, nearly touching, placed a little in advance of the middle ; surface ornamented by very fine, regular, distinct, concentric wrinkles.
Long. -17; lat. "08 ; diam. -14 inch.
Hab. Three miles above Fort Union, Nebraska, U. S of America. Ter- tiary Formation.
38. Sph. subellipticum, Meek and Hayden.
Cyclas subelliptica, M. & H., Ac. N. S. Phil. Proc, 115, 1856.
Shell small, elliptical-ovate, somewhat ventricose, thin and fragile ; pos- terior end narrower than the anterior, both narrowly rouuded ; base semi- elliptical or semiovate ; cardinal border apparently rounding gradually to both extremities ; beaks not much elevated, pointed, incurved, not oblique, located near the middle ; surface indistinctly marked with lines of growth.
Long. -24 ; lat. *14 inch.
Hab. Three miles above Fort Union, Nebraska, U. S. of America. Ter- tiary Formation.
" The beaks are so near the middle, and curved so nearly at right angles to the longitudinal diameter of the shell, that it is not easy to determine, espe- cially from the examination of mutilated specimens, which is the posterior or which the anterior end. As we have only seen imperfect specimens, we are not sure the surface markings are indistinct on unworn shells." — M. & H.
The following shells, known under the name of Cyclas, must be excluded from the list of American species of Sphserium, in some cases because they have been improperly placed in this genus, and in others, because no descrip- tion has been published : —
Cyclas aequalis, Rafinesque, is Pisid. Virginicum.
" alt ilis, Anthony, is Pisid. compressum.
" Americana, Christof. and Jan. Undescribed.
" Carolinian a, Bos., is Cyrena Caroliniensis.
" Chilensis, D'Orbigny, is Pisid. Chilense.
" clandestina, Da Costa, is a marine shell.
" d e n s a t a, D'Orbigny, (fossil,) is Cyrena densata.
" d u b i a, Say, is Pisid. Virginicum.
" fluviatilis, Bosc, is a Corbicula.
" Fontaineii, D'Orbigny, is Cyrena Fontaineii.
" hammalis, Rafin., is a Corbicula.
" 1 i m o s a, D'Orbigny, is Corbicula limosa.
" maritima, D'Orbigny, is Cyrena Cubensis.
" minor, C. B. Adams, is Pi^id. abditum.
" nitida, Adams & Mighl., is Pisid. Adamsi.
" ov at a, Lewis. Undescribed.
" Paranensis, D'Orbigny, is Corbicula Paranensis.
" pygmea, C. B. Adams, is Pisid. Jamaicense.
" variegata, D'Orbigny, is Corbicula limosa.
" V i r g i n i c a, Ferussac, is Pisid. Virginicum.
1862.J
38
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
Note on the Classification of CERAMBYCID.E, with descriptions of new species.
BY JOHN L. LE CONTE, M. D.
Since the publication of my essay on the Classification of our Cerambycidae, in the Journal of the Academy, many species have been added to the literature of our fauna; and in restudying the material in my collection, 1 have noticed some characters not yet employed, which seem to render the definition and classification of the tribes more perfect. The general features of the arrange- ment proposed by me in the essay above mentioned have been adopted in many of the works recently published, but the results have not been improved by any important changes of system or characters.
A very excellent application of the system to the Cerambycidae of the entire globe has been made by Mr. James Thomson in his work entitled " Essai d'une Classification de la Famille des Cerambycides ;" the order of arrangement adopted by him is different from that used in my paper ; commencing with the highest form, the Lamiidae, he ends with the Prionidae. The arrangement is probably more convenient than mine, but it is impossible to preserve even the most important affinities in a linear form The tables given both by him and myself exhibit perfectly the relations of the larger divisions to each other and to other families.
The important character to which I wish to call attention in the present note is the granulation of the eyes. In certain tribes (e. g. Clytus) the lenses are exceedingly small, in others (e. g. Elaphidion) they are much larger; in the former case the eyes are said to be finely, and in the latter, coarsely granulated. This character is also observed in the Lamiidae, and in both instances serves to define well marked tribes with greater ease and distinctness than any other character which has been observed.
Using this observation, to perfect our tables of tribe?, (or groups, as I pre- viously called them,) we obtain the following result.
LAMIIDJ3.
I. Humeri rounded, wings wanting; (anterior coxal cavities closed, either
rounded or angulated ; eyes somewhat coarsely granulated :) — Monilema, &c. Michthysoma.
II. Humeri distinct : —
A. Eyes coarsely granulated:
a. Anterior coxal cavities rounded, closed : — Acanthoderus, iEdilis, &c. ; Liopus, Leptostylus, Dectes, &c.
b. Anterior coxal cavities angulated, closed : — Pogonocherus, Eupo- gonius, &c. ; Oncideres, Mesosa, &c. ; Monohammus, Goe3, &c. ; Pty- chodes, Dorcaschema, &c.
B. Eyes finely granulated :
a. Anterior coxal cavities angulated, closed behind. Front large, flat, frontal suture concave: — Saperda.
Front convex, frontal suture stiaight: — Tetraopes, Oberea, &c.
b. Anterior coxal cavities open behind: — Dysphaga.
CERAMBYCIDAE.
No change is proposed in the Lepturini or Spondylini; the eyes are finely granulated in all of our genera except Centrodera Lee. The remainder of the subfamily may be arranged thus: —
I. Anterior coxal cavities angulated, closed behind ; (eyes finely granulated): —
Heliomanes, Stenopterus.
II. Anterior coxal cavities rounded ; maxilla; elongated, maxillary palpi short ;
(eyes finely granulated.)
Anterior coxal cavities closed behind : — Callichroma. Anteiior coxal cavities open behind: — Rhopalophorus.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 39
III. Anterior coxal cavities rounded, open behind; maxillae short, labial palpi
normal.
A. Eyes coarsely granulated :— Distenia, Eburia, &c. ; Elaphidion, <fcc;
Ibidion.
B. Eyes finely granulated : Front short, oblique:
Femora slender, clavate : — Ancylocera.
Femora not clavate: — Arbopalus, Stenosphenus, Mannophorus, &c. ;
Megaderus, Dendrobias, Trachyderes, Stenaspis, &c. ; Tylosis, Cros-
sidius, &c. Front large, quadrate, vertical :
Femora not clavate: — Tragidion, Purpuricenus. Femora very clavate: — Clytns, Eudercef.
IV. Anterior coxal cavities angulated, open behind; maxillae short, palpi
normal.
A. Anterior coxae not transverse, eyes coarsely granulated :
Femora slender at base, suddenly clavate: — Obrium, &c. Femora gradually clavate : — Sclerocerus, Dryobius, Gracilia, Smodi- cum, Atimia, Opsimus.
B. Anterior coxae transverse :
a. Eyes finely granulated: Femora not clavate : — Rosalia.
Femora slender at base, almost suddenly clavate :— Callidium. &e. Femora gradually but strongly thickened : — Tetropium, Asemum.
b. Eyes coarsely granulated: — Criocephalus.
Description of new species.
Edilis obliquus, elongatus, cinereo-pubescens, nigro-variegatus, ely- stis tribus nigro-tesselatis parum elevatis, f'ascii?que duabus obliquis nigris
1. ^Edi tris cost ornatis, profunde minus parce punctatis. Long. -45 — -53.
Kansas, New Mexico, Arizona and California. Of the same shape as our Eastern M. o b s o 1 e t u s, but readily distinguished by the less distant punctures of the elytra and the three elevated eostae ; the 3d, 4th and 5th joints of the antennae are clotbed beneath with dense, short, very fine hair, as in M. obso- 1 e t u s .
2. Dectes t e x a n u s , elongatus, niger, dense cinereo-pubescens, thorace latitudine fere longiore, spina baud divergente, lineam lateris recte continu- ante. Long. -31.
Texas, one specimen. This species resembles D. spinosus, {Lamia spi- nosa Say,) but is more slender, aod the lateral spines near the base of the thorax do not diverge from the straight line of the sides.
I erroneously described the anterior coxal cavities of D. s p i n o s u s as being open behind ; they are in reality closed, though much more narrowly than is usual in this tribe. Thomson (loc. cit. 14) seems to have considered this insect as Hetceuiis c i n e r e a Lee, (juglandis Hald.,) which belongs to a very different genus, allied to Dorcaschema.
3. Liopus r e g u 1 a r i s , elongatus, depressus, niger, pube cinerea brevis- sima dense vestitus, thorace maculis rotundatis 4 quadratim positis, elytris utrinque 2, 2, 1, 1 rotundatis nigerrimis ornatis; antennis, ore, femoribusque fulvis, his apice nigris; elytris parce subtiliter punctatis apice rotundatis, thorace spina laterali valde divergente. Long. -27.
Ohio ; Mr. Ulke. This beautiful species is of the same form as L. s y m m e t- r i c u s , but the lateral spine of the thorax is longer and more diverging.
4. Pogonocherus n u b i lu s, nigro-piceus, nitidns, pube brevi densa cinerea irrpgulariter adspersus, thorace latitudine sesqui breviore, confertim punctato,
1862.]
40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP
lateribus spina acuta armatis, elytris antice sat dense grosse punctatis, apice rotundatis ; antennis annularis, corpore paulo longioribus. Long. "35.
Northern New York, on bass-wood; Mr. Ashton. This species differs in appearance from the others of the genus, and resembles in form a small Gra- phisurus ; but the anterior coxal cavities are very distinctly angulated ex- ternally.
5. Monohammus oculatus, niger, pube brevi pallida parce irroratus, thorace confertim rugoso et puuctato, latitudine paulo breviore, spina laterali acuta, elytris rude punctatis, macula rotundata atra utrinque pone medium ornatis. Long. -42.
Racine, Wisconsin ; Dr. J. P. Kirtland. A very distinct and beautiful little species. The antennse are nearly twice as long as the body.
6. Monohammus rcarmoratus, Lamia marmorata Randall ; Monohammus fautor Lee.
This synonym is determined by reference to the original specimen.
7. Tetrops jucunda, elongata, nigra, nitida, pube erecta nigra longa vestita, capite thoraceque coccineis, hoc latitudine longiore parce punctulato, antice posticeque vage transversim impresso, macula dorsali ovali nigra ornato, elytris grosse subseriatim punctatis ; pedibus totis nigris. Long. -33,
Middle States. Larger than T. monostigma, and easily known by the black legs.
8. Leptura rufibasis, elongata, nigra, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens» capite thoraceque confertissime punctatis, hoc latitudine longiore, antrorsum seusim angustato, lateribus modice rotundatis, cinereo-pruinosis, angulis pos- ticis parvis acutis, elytris fere parallelis apice rotundatis, antice fortiter, pos- tice subtilius punctatis, antennis fuscis articulo lmo rufo, pedibus rufis, tarsis nigris ; tibiis posticis femorumque apice nonnunquam nigris. Long. "25 — -30.
Hudson's Bay Territory, about Methy Lake ; Mr. R. Kennicott. Of the same size and form as L. s n ba rge n tata Kirby, but differs by the red color of the legs and base of antenna?. In one specimen the hind tibiae and the outer fourth of tbe hind thighs are black; in all the others seen the thighs and tibiae are entirely red, and the tarsi alone dark.
9. Leptura saucia, elongata nigra, capite thorac&que dense punctulatis fulvo pubescentibus, hoc fulvo, macula magna dorsali nigricante. latitudine paulo breviore, convexo, antrorsum angustato, angulis posticis parvis acutis, elytris parallelis fortiter postice subtilius punctatis, breviter griseo-pubes- centibus, apice rotundatis; antennis pedibusque nigris, femoribus anticis, mediorumque basi rufo-testaceis. Long. -25.
Middle States. Allied to L. r u f i c o 1 1 i s Say, but, besides the differences in color, the thorax is more finely and densely punctulate than in that species.
10. Leptura ruficeps, elongata nigra, parce griseo-pubescens, capite obscure sanguineo, thoraceque dense punctulatis, hoc latitudine paulo longiore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus late rotundatis, angulis posticis parvis acutis, elytris parallelis, fortiter, postice subtilius punctatis, apice rotundatis; antennis nigris, pedibus anticis rufis, posterioribus nigris, femoribus inediis basi rufis. Long. -27.
One specimen, upper Georgia. This species belongs to the same division as the two preceding. The front tibise and tarsi are slightly fuscous.
11. Centrodera sublineata, fusca, sordide pubescens, thorace confertim punctato, linea angusta dorsali laevi, antice posticeque constricto, apice angustiore, lateribus medio obtuse angulatis, elytris thorace sesqui latioribus, parallelis apice rotundatis, sat dense punctatis, sulcis obsoletis magis pubes- centibus notatis ; antennis corpore longioribus, articulis 3 et 4 conjunctis 5to baud longioribus. Long -45 — -53.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 41
Middle and Western States. Centrodera is readily distinguished among our Lepturide genera by the large coarsely granulated eyes. This species differs from the other two by the lateral tubercle of the thorax not being acute, and by the 3d and 4th joints of the antennae being shorter.
12. Toxotus Schaumii Lee.
The males of this species are frequently reddish yellow, with only the elytra and antenna? black; the first joint of the antennae is yellow and the tarsi are fuscous.
Pyrotkichus. (Lepturini.)
Corpus elongatum lineare ; caput longe pone oculos subito constrictum, f route brevi verticali ; oculi valde emarginati, subtiliter granulati ; palpi articulo ultimo modice dilatato, campanulato. Thorax tuberculo acuto late- rali armatus ; elytra elongata parallela, praecipue postice fortiter marginata. Antennae (maris) erassiusculse, corpore paulo breviores, articulis 3io et 4to conjunctis 5to haud longioribus. Pedes mediocres, postici paulo longiores, tibiis calcaribus ad apicem sitis, tarsis posticis articulo lmo sequentes duos aequante.
This genus is allied to Encyclops. but differs in the proportion of the joints of the antennae, and also by the deeply emarginate eyes.
13. P. v i 1 1 i c o 1 1 i s , niger, opacus, capite scutello vittisque tribus thoracis laate fulvo-pubescentibus ; elytris rude punctatis, thorace parum latioribus, margine postice et ad apicem reflexo. Long. '48.
California ; Mr. Ulke. In each of the large punctures of the elytra is con- tained a very minute brown hair; the tip is feebly truncate.
14. Elaphidion subpubescens, elongatum lineare, pube parca pallida vestitum, testaceum, capite thoraceque fuscis, hoc cylindrico, latitudine longiore, rude sat dense punctatum, elytris parce antice fortiter punctatis, apice truncatis bispinosis ; femoribus muticis, antennis articulis 3—5 spina brevi apicali arraa- tis. Long. -65.
New Jersey; Mr. P. R. Uhler. Very different from our other species, and still more slender than E. parallelum.
15. Heterachthes nobilis, elongatus piceus, nitidus, pilis pallidis erectis parce vestitus, thorace latitudine sesqui longiore rude rugose punctato, antice posticeque transversim impresso, elytris parce fortiter punctatis, fascia trans- versa ad suturara interrupta ante medium, alteraque communi antice angulata pone medium pallidis ornatis. Long. -50.
Texas. Resembles in appearauce H. 4-m aculatis, but very different by its sculpture and the very distinct chevron-shaped band of the elytra.
16. Stenosphenusl u g e n s, niger, thorace latitudine sublongiore, antrorsum angustato, lateribus rotundatis, nitido laevi, elytris vitta suturali angusta, alterisque utrinque duabus fere confluentibus punctatis et parce pubescentibus apice bispinosis. Long. -50.
Texas. Narrower than S. notatus; the elytra have the punctures arranged in three longitudinal bands ; a narrow one at the suture, and two almost con- fluent on the disc ; from the punctures proceed coarse pale hairs ; the inter- vening spaces are smooth and glabrous. The spines of the antennae are as in S. notatus. The feet are entirely black.
Oxoplus.
Corpus elongatum, haud convexum subtiliter parce pubescens, grosse punc- tatum; mandibular apice late emarginatae ; antennae sexus utriusque 11-articu- latae ; oculi subtiliter granulati; thorax transversus, lateribus spina acuta armatus, dorso vix callosus ; elytra apice subtruncata haud spinosa.
A new genus, allied to Tylosis, but differing by the antennae having eleven
1862]
42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OP
joints, and by the lateral spine of the thorax. The species are red and black in color, and resemble in appearance Purpuricenus, which they replace in the interior regions of the continent.
17. Oxoplus coralinus laste coccineus, capite antennis pedibus metatho- racis lateribns plagaque maxima comtmiui elytrorum postica nigris ; elytris fortiter sat dense punctatis. Long. -70 — -80.
New Mexico ; Mr. Ulke. The large common spot of the elytra extends from the middle to the tip along the suture, but the red along the margin reaches to within one-fifth of the tip.
18. Oxoplus cruentus, coccineus, capite antennis pedibus scutello elytris que nigris, his confertissime punctatis basi margineque laterali fere ad apicem coccineis. Long. -85.
Cape San Lucas ; Mr. Xantus. Resembles the preceding, but the lateral spine of the thorax is larger; the eljtra are more densely and finely punctured, and the black extends to within one-seventh of the base.
19. Oxoplus marginatus, subtus fusco-coccineus, supra niger, opacus, pube brevi helva sericea vestitus, thorace spinis rufo-tinctis, elytris confertissime punctatis basi margineque laterali fere ad apicem coccineis. Long. "95.
Cape San Lucas ; Mr. Xantus. Differs from the preceding not only in color, bnt by the very obvious pubescence and by the punctures of the elytra towards the base being larger.
20. Clytus approximatus, ferrugineo-fuscus, subtilitsr pubescens, thorace latitudine longiore, ovali, confertissime granulato-punctato, ad medium cariuulis transversis armato, altera utrinque prope basin; elytris apice oblique truncatis, fascia recta mox ante medium, altera obliqua approximata ad sutu- ram angulata, tertia latiore ad dodrantem, scutelloque flavo-pubescentibus; femoribus posticis abdomine longioribus, vix spinosis. Long. -33 — -45.
Kansas ; Mr. Ulke. Allied in form and sculpture toC. erythrocephalus; the second elytral band commences on the side behind the middle, runs obliquely forwards nearly to the suture, when it is suddenly angulated and reaches the suture; the point of the angle approaches closely to the first band; body be- neath banded with yellow hair.
21. Clytus h o rr i d us, linearis, fusco-piceus, cinereo-pubescens, thorace lati- tudine fere sesqui longiore, subcylindrico, dorso carinulis acutis 6, alteraque utrinque ante basin armato, minus subtiliter granulato, granulis punet>geris; elytris apice oblique truncatis, basi, fascia angusta saepe iuteirupta vel obsoleta ante medium, altera angulata mox pone medium, tertiaque obliqua ad dodran- tem albo-pubescentibus, femoribus posticis maris abdomine longioribus, fe- minas brevioribus. Long. -30 — 40.
Middle States. The middle band makes an acute angle on each elytron, the apex being directed towards the base. The suture is more or less clothed with white pubescence; beneath a white spot is seen each side of the metasternum. This species belongs near C. leucozonus.
22. Pteroplatus ? floridanus, niger opacus, supra rude punctatus, thorace fulvo, vittis 3 nigris, doisali latiore, latitudine breviore, rotundato, parum con- vexo ; elytris thorace paulo latioribus, sutura margine costisque utiinque 3 elevatis, his postice obsoletis ; basi margineque externo laste fulvo ; antennis corpore duplo brevioribus, haud cristatis, articulo 5to 4to longiore, llnio sim- plici, apice subacuto. Long. -37.
Florida; Mr. Kdward Norton. The anterior coxae are not transverse, and their cavities are very slightly angulated externally, about as much so as in Atimia.
23. Asemum a s p e r u m Lee. has the eyes prominent, and coarsely granulated
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 43
as in Criocephalas, but much more emarginate than in the other species of that genus. In the latter respect, however, C. australis (Asemum australe Lee.) is an intermediate form.
24. Prionus i n n o c u u s, rufo-piceus, nitidus, thorace modice punctato, lati- tudine triplo breviore, angulis omnibus valde rotundatis, lateribus rotundatis. paulo undulatis, elytris thorace fere sesqui brevioribus, latitudine vix se*qui longioiibus, sat fortiter punctatis, apice singulatim rotundatis; antennis(9) 13-articulatis. Long. '90.
New Mexico ; Mr. Ulke. More robust in form than any other species known to me ; the eyes are of the same size as in P. integer Lee.
Synopsis of the MORDELLIDJE of the United States. BY JOHN L. LE CONTE, M. D.
In investigating the numerous species of this family contained in our fauna, I have recognized other genera, in addition to those noted by me in the Smith- sonian Contributions, in my paper on the Coleoptera of Kansas and New Mexico. I have also become convinced that the genus Sphalera established upon Mor- della m e 1 a e n a Germ., is not tenable, the relative proportion of the outer joints of the antennae being a specific rather than a generic character.
With these changes, our genera may be arranged in two tribes, as follows :
A. Abdomen without anal prolongation ; claws not cleft ; hind
coxae moderate ANASPINI.
Anterior and middle tarsi with 4th joint equal to 3d ;
Antenna? long, scarcely thickened externally Diclidia.
Antennae shorter, last five joints broader Pentaria.
Anterior and middle tarsi with 4th joint very small Anaspis.
B. Abdomen, with the last dorsal segment prolonged, conical ;
claws cleft and pectinate ; hind coxae very large MORDELLINI.
a. Hind tibiae with a small subapical ridge ; eyes finely
granulated ; Scutellum emarginate behind, eyes not reaching the
occiput Tomoxia.
Scutellum triangular, eyes reaching the occiput ;
Anal style emarginate, last joint of maxillary palpi
very transverse, securiform Glipa.
Anal style entire, last joint of maxillary palpi tri- angular or slightly securiform Mordella.
b. Hind tibiae and tarsi with oblique ridges on the outer
face ; eyes coarsely granulated ;
Hind tibiae without subapical ridge Glipodes.
Hind tibiae with the subapical ridge distinct Mordellistena.
Tribe 1. ANASPINI.
The hind coxae are somewhat larger in Anaspis than in the other two genera, and are shaped as in Mordella, though by no means as largely developed as in that genus. The characters of the tribe are : —
Hind coxae not or but slightly dilated ; tibiae slender, claws not cleft nor serrate ; last dorsal segment not prolonged ; 6th ventral segment not visible in Anaspis, visible in Pentaria and Diclidia ; eyes oval, narrowly emarginate ; antenna? inserted very near the eyes, not serrate. Body transversely strigate, pubescent. The species are found on plants.
Diclidia. The only species known to me is Anaspis laetula Lee, which differs 1862.]
44 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OF
from Pentariaby the antenna, which are long and slender, very slightly thick- ened externally, by the form of the mesosternum, as well as by the sexual characters.
Scutellum rounded triangular, last dorsal segment not prolonged, sixth ventral visible ; hind tibiae slender, without ridges ; fourth joint of anterior and middle tarsi emarginate, not smaller than the third ; claws dilated at base. Hind coxae small. Mesosternum compressed, much elevated. Eyes coarsely granulated, with a small emargination ; antennae long and slender, slightly thickened externally, not serrate ; third and fourth joints each equal to the first and second together, fifth and sixth a little shorter. Palpi ?
In the male the fifth ventral segment is broadly emarginate, and from the tip of the abdomen proceed two long triangular appendages, truncate at the apex. The sculpture is of fine transverse lines.
Yellow ; scutellar cloud and two posterior bands of elytra black, venter fuscous, -12. Texas. 1. lae tula Lee.
Pentakia Muls.
Scutellum rounded triangular ; last dorsal segment of abdomen not pro- longed ; sixth ventral segment visible ; hind tibiae without ridges, more slen- der than in Anaspis ; third joint of anterior and middle tarsi not lobed, fourth equal to the third, and emarginate ; claws dilated at base. Hind coxae smaller than in Anaspis. Eyes coarsely granulated with a small emargination ; an- tennae with the joints 4 — 6 short, 7 — 11 thickened, not serrate ; last joint of maxillary palpi triangular, acute at tip.
Notwithstanding the visible sixth ventral segment, the present genus is so closely allied to Anaspis that it would be unnatural to place it anywhere but in this family. The reduction in size of the hind coxae and the slender hind tibiae indicate a relationship with Scraptia,.
The species are small, narrow, finely pubescent insects, living upon flowers ; the sculpture consists of very fine, transverse lines as in Anaspis.
I have not discovered any external sexual characters.
Body fuscous ; head, thorax, feet and base of antennae testaceous ; elytra black, with a large spot before the middle, extending nearly to the suture, and a broad band near the tip, yellow, *14. Middle States. Anaspis trifas- ciata Mels. 1. t r if as c iat a Lee.
Body entirely fuscous or piceous, legs and base of antennae paler, #11 — *13. Texas and New Mexico. 2. f u s c u 1 a.
Body very narrow, yellow, with a broad fuscous band on the elytra at the middle, -09. Tejon, California. 3. nubilaXec.
Anaspis Latr.
Scutellum rounded triangular, last dorsal segment not prolonged ; sixth ventral not visible ; hind tibiae slightly thickened, without ridges ; fourth joint of anterior and middle tarsi very small, received upon the third joint, which is slightly lobed ; claws dilated at base. Hind coxae flat, moderate in size. Mesosternum not compressed, finely carinate. Eyes coarsely granulated, with a miall emargination ; antennae slightly thickened externally, not ser- rate ; last joint of maxillary palpi rounded internally, pointed at tip.
In the male two long, slender appendages are seen proceeding from between the fourth and fifth ventral segments ; the fourth and fifth, and sometimes the others, are longitudinally excavated.
The genus Anthobates Lee. (Agassiz's Lake Superior, 231) was established on false observations ; the type of it, Anaspis trifasciata Mels. cannot be placed in the present genus, but must be referred to Pentaria Muls.. the generic name under which the characters were first properly exposed.
Body entirely black ; transverse striae exceedingly fine : Thorax twice as wide as long ; base of antennae, palpi and front legs tes-
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 45
taceous, "13 — -15. L. Superior and Hudson's Bay Terr, tf with the ventral
segments broadly channeled. Hallomenus niger Hald. . 1. nigra Lee.
Thorax one-half wider than long, mouth and base of antennae very dark
testaceous, -11 — -15. California. 2. at ra Lee.
Head, thorax and body black ; elytra brownish yellow : Thorax scarcely wider than long, '15. Cala. and Sitka. A. luteipennis Lee. .......... 3. s e rice a Mann.
Thorax one-half wider than long, *12 — -14. Georgia and Minnesota.
4. flavipennis Hal.
Thorax and elytra brownish yellow :
Thorax one-half wider than long; head yellow; antennae and abdomen usually fuscous, sometimes yellow, *12 — -15. Southern, Middle and Western States, Canada, Sitka. A. pallescens Mann. ; ventralis Mels. ; jiliformis Lee.
5. rufa Say. Thorax one-half wider than long, head black, antennae and body fuscous, the former pale at the base, *10 — *13. Washington Territory.
6. nigriceps Lee.
Thorax nearly twice as wide as long ; entirely uniform yellowish brown,
more robust than the preceding, *05. Colorado Desert. . 7. pus io Lee.
Thorax yellow, elytra and body black : Thorax a little wider than long, anterior and middle thighs partly testa- ceous ; transverse lines of elytra more distinct than usual, *12. San Diego, Cala. . . . . . . . . . . 8. collaris Lee.
Tribe II. MORDELLINI.
Hind coxae very large and fiat, metasternum short ; hind tibiae dilated ; claws cleft to the base, with the upper portion strongly pectinate ; last dor- sal segment conical, prolonged, sixth ventral not visible. Eyes oval, emargi- nate, antennae more or less serrate, inserted in front of the eyes under a frontal margin. Body pubescent, very finely punctulate.
Tomoxia Costa.
The species of this genus are cuneiform, of a blackish color, varied with irregularly diffused gray pubescence ; the scutellum is emarginate behind, the anal style is short and obtuse ; the hind tibiae and tarsi without ridges, except the short subapical one of the former ; the eyes are finely granulated, the antennae tolerably strongly serrate, and the last joint of the palpi is more or less elongate, triangular and moderately thick, with the extremity hollowed out.
The species are found running on the bark of trees which are partly dead ; three are known to me, —
§ A. Last joint of maxillary palpi long triangular ; base of thorax rounded
at the middle. Elytra with broad lines not extending behind the middle ; a posterior fascia composed of spots and the apical margin cinereous ; of the dark markings a rhomboidal spot each side near the base is most characteristic, *3S — -5. Mid- dle and Western States. ..... 1. b id e n t a t a (Say.)
§ B. Last joint of maxillary palpi securiform ; base of thorax subemarginate
at the middle.
Elytra with narrow lines and subapical fascia cinereous, dark markings all narrow, '21 — '32. Middle States. . . . • . 2. lineella.
Elytra with a broad basal fascia including each side a round dark spot, transverse spot behind the middle, apex, suture and margin cinereous, -19. Western States 3. i n c 1 u s a.
1862.]
46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
Glipa Lee.
The only species known to me is narrow and cuneiform ; the scutellum is rounded triangular, the anal style is short and subemarginate ; the hind tibiae and tarsi are without ridges, except the short, subapical one of the former ; the eyes are very finely granulated, the antennae tolerably strongly serrate, and the last joint of the maxillary palpi very broadly securiform and mode- rately thick, with the extremity hollowed out.
Black, varied with cinereous hair, elytra with a narrow subbasal band ob- lique inwards, and a broad one oblique outwards, brown pubescent, con- nected along the suture and margined with cinereous pubescence, '35 — '48. Middle and Western States. Mordella hilaris Lay. . 1. hilaris Lee.
Mordella Linn.
The species of this genus are cuneiform ; the scutellum is triangular ; the anal style generally long and slender ; the hind tibiae and tarsi are without ridges, except the short, subapical one of the former ; the eyes are finely granulated, the antennae are more or less serrate ; the last joint of the max- illary palpi long triangular, very obliquely truncate, except in the male of M. oculata, where it is broad and securiform, with the under surface clothed with erect hairs, moderately thick and hollowed out at the extremity ; Spha- lera Lee. founded upon M. melaena Germ, is not sufficiently distinct.
The species are found on flowers.
§ A. Anal style short truncate, antennae broadly serrate.
Piceous, covered with sericeous brown hair, elytra with a double cinereous
spot each side, behind the middle, "25 — *30. Kansas. 1. 4-pu n c t at a Zee*
Dull black ; thorax, pygidium and elytra sprinkled with small rounded
spots of a silvery pubesceuce, elytra with a narrow, interrupted band behind
the middle, composed of confluent spots, -13. Northern States.
2. borealis. § B. Anal style long slender.
A. Last joint of maxillary palpi scalene triangular.
a. Pubescence above dark, without conspicuous markings :
Deep black, finely pubescent, base of thorax broadly rounded at the mid- dle, *2 — *33. Middle, Southern and Western States. 3. melaena Germr.
Above dull black, scutellum cinereous, beneath with fine grayish pubes- cence, sides of breast and anterior margin of ventral segments clothed with nearly white pubescence, -16 — '23. N. Y., Canada, G-a., Oregon, California. M. atrata Mels 4. scutellaris Fabr.
Black, pubescence above brownish black, with single cinereous hairs inter- mixed, beneath dull black, -12 — '17. Southern and Western States.
5. irrorata.
b. Pubescence above black, with orange-colored spots :
Occipital margin, base of thorax, with two short projections each side, ir- regular spot surrounding the humerus, and a lunate spot near the tip of the elytra clothed with bright orange-colored pubescence, '30. Florida.
6. inflammata.
Head grayish pubescent, thorax with reticulated lines of grayish yellow hair, elytra with a curved basal spot, a narrow oblique one behind the humerus, a rounded subsutural one at the middle, and a reniform spot one-fourth from the tip, more or less fulvous pubescent, beneath spotted with cinereous pubes- cence, "24 — '28. Middle and Southern States. . 7. octopunctata Fabr.
* Anaspis 4-punctala Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci., 3, 276.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 47
c. Pubescence above black, varied with cinereous pubescent markings :
a. Antennae and front legs black ; markings small, irregular.
Thorax cinereous pubescent, with large black spots ; elytra with small cinereous markings, more or less confluent ; beneath varied with cinereous and black, -12 — '17. Atlantic to Kansas ; La. to Winnipeg.
8. marginata Mels. Thorax cinereous pubescent, with large black spots ; elytra with small cinereous markings, confluent into narrow lines ; beneath varied with cine- reous and black, • 14 — '17. Middle and Western States, Canada.
9. lineata Mels.
b. Antennae and front legs testaceous ; markings irregular :
Thorax and elytra speckled with small, rounded, unequal, cinereous spots, interrupted band behind, the middle of the elytra and tip cinereous ; beneath varied with cinereous and black, -15 10. serval Say.
B. Last joint of maxillary palpi broad, securiform. (Antennae and front legs testaceous, markings large.) Elytra with a large basal band including each side a round black spot, and an interrupted band behind the middle cinereous ; beneath varied with cine- reous ; (maxillary palpi of male larger than in the female, with the under surface of the joints clothed with erect hairs,) -23 — '26. Middle, Southern
and Western States 11. oc ulata Say.
Elytra with an oblique band running from the humerus almost to the su- ture, a transverse spot behind the middle, and the entire suture cinereous ; beneath varied with cinereous, (^ unknown,) 20. Kansas.
12. insulata Lee.
C. Last joint of maxillary palpi almost an isoceles triangle.
a. Body entirely black, robust, elytra with broad cinereous pubescent bands,
thorax cinereous pubescent with large black spots.
Elytra with a broad basal band including on each side two spots, and two
oblique undulated bands of cinereous hair, '12 — -14. Middle and Western
States. . • 13. triloba Lee*
Elytra with a broad basal band including each side a very large black spot, band just behind the middle and tip cinereous, "11. Middle and Western States 14. undulata Mels.
b. Head, thorax and elytra partly yellow, the latter with transverse bands. Black, antenna?, feet, middle of pectus and occiput yellow, thorax yellow with a very large triangular black spot occupying the whole of the apex, and extending nearly to the base, elytra with an oblique humeral vitta connected with a band before the middle, another band behind the middle, the apex and margin and suture behind the secondhand yellow, -09 — *12. Middle, Southern and Western States. Varies with the elytra marked with only two transverse yellow bands. 15. disco idea Mels.
Glipodes Lee.
The species of this genus are cuneiform, narrow, fuscous and covered with a dense sericeous brown pubescence. The scutellum is rounded triangular, the anal style is moderately long ; the hind tibiae have no subapical ridge, (which exists in all the other genera,) but are carinate along the dorsal line, and furnished with a long oblique ridge on the outer surface, which is con- nected with the dorsal ridge near the tip ; the first joint of the hind tarsi has two oblique ridges. The eyes are coarsely granulated ; the antennae are feebly
* Anaspis triloba Say, Journ. Acad., 3, 276.
1862.]
48 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
serrate. The last joint of the maxillary palpi is scalene triangular in form, and in the male of G. sericans is covered on the under surface with a dense brush of fine short hair ; in the same sex there is at the base of the last joint an external articulated bifurcated appendage, the branches of which are as long as the joint ; no vestige of this is seen in the female ; the last joint of the labial palpi of both sexes of G. sericans is triangular and broadly emarginate at tip , in G. helva the same joint is bell-shaped and truncate at tip.
§ A. Labial palpi with the last joint emarginate. Cuneiform elongate, fuscous, densely clothed with sericeous brown pubes- cence, -30. Middle, Southern and Western States. (^ as above described.) Mordella sericans Mels. ...... 1. s er ic an s (Lee.)
B. Labial palpi with the last joint truncate. Almost linear, fuscous, densely clothed with sericeous brown pubescence, •18. Georgia. 2. helva.
MOKDELLISTENA Costa.
Scutellum rounded triangular ; anal style long and slender ; hind tibia? with a subapical, short, transverse ridge, and from one to five oblique ridges on the outer face ; hind tarsi with several oblique ridges. Eyes coarsely granulated ; antennae feebly serrate ; last joint of maxillary palpi triangular.
The numerous species of this genus are small, frequently elegantly colored insects living upon flowers ; they are either linear or slightly cuneiform. Divisions are easily formed by regarding the ridges of the hind tibiae and tarsi, which scarcely vary in the same species. Species of similar color, e. g. M. lute a, vapid a, tost a, ustulata, nubila and ambusta, which are all of a yellowish brown color, are easily distinguished by reference to the hind tibiae and tarsi. When the previously described species have been referred to Mordella, I have placed the authority in parenthesis, to save the space of a double reference.
§ A. Hind tibiae and first joint of hind tarsi each with a single short oblique
ridge near the tip :
Body narrow, parallel ; black, elytra with two orange bands, the first near the base and interrupted by the suture, the second one- fourth from the tip ; head antenna?, feet (except the hind femora) and anus reddish testaceous, *09. Southern States ; thorax sometimes black, sometimes rufous.
1. bicinctella. § B. Hind tibiae with two oblique ridges on the outer face.
a. Ridges converging above ; first joint of tarsi with two, second with one oblique ridge ; body slender, slightly cuneiform, uniform brownish yellow :
Ridges of hind tibiae long, very strongly marked, -13. Pennsylvania.
2. a r i d a. << " shorter, less strongly marked, 'II — -13. Pa., Ga.
3. lutea (Mels.)
b. Ridges parallel, equal :
a. First joint of hind tarsi with two, second with one oblique ridge :
Elytra black, with two transverse yellow bands, the anterior one interrupted at the suture and thus composed of two triangular spots, the apices being towards the base ; body narrow, nearly parallel ;
—body black, head rufous, thorax black, basal margin and sides dark yellow, feet and abdomen tinged with testaceous, '09 — *11. Middle, Western and Southern States 4. t r i f as c i a t a (Say.)
body yellow, thorax yellow, abdomen and hind tibiae and tarsi varied with
black "11. Middle and Southern States. . . . 5. lepidula.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 49
Above pale, large frontal spot, discoidal spot and anterior angles of thorax, suture and sides of elytra blackish ; feet and hind coxa? pale, metasternum and abdomen blackish, *12. Middle States. . . 6. 1 i m b a li s (Mels. )
Entirely luteous, *09. Pennsylvania. . . . . 7. v a p i d a.
Entirely black, pubescence grayish sericeous, -09 — -11. California.
8. vilis (Zee.)
b. First and second joints of hind tarsi each with two oblique ridges :
Narrow, parallel ; body yellow ; head behind the antenna? blackish ; thorax with the front half yellow, with a medial cloud ; hind half black ; elytra black, with a large, elongate basal spot ; margin and suture, behind the mid- dle, yellow, -12. Western States. . . . . 9. decorella.
c. First joint of hind tarsi with three, second with two oblique ridges ; body narrow, slightly cuneate :
Reddish yellow, base of thorax and elytra black, the latter with a large tri- angular basal spot on each, yellow suture and margin behind the middle nar- rowly yellow, -14. Middle and Southern States. . 10. oniata(JA/s.J
Black, head and humeral spot of elytra reddish yellow ; anterior feet yel- low, hind feet black, varied with testaceous, -09. Middle and Northern States.
11. militaris.
Black, elytra "with an orange yellow oblong humeral spot, -16. Middle and Western States. ..... 12. s ca p u 1 a ri s {Say.)
Blackish, densely clothed with grayish sericeous hair; head and thorax red- dish yellow, the latter black at the base ; feet testaceous, *12 — -17. Colorado Desert, California. ....... 13. co mat a {Lee.)
Pale yellowish brown, slightly cuneate, hind tibia? with a very faint trace of a 3d ridge, *12. Georgia. ....... 14. t o s t a.
Black, linear, pubescence fine and dark ; head before the eyes, anterior part of thorax, front and middle thighs ferruginous; antennae piceous, -11 — *13. Middle States. ......... 15. picicornis.
Black, linear, pubescence brown sericeous ; head before the eyes and thorax ferruginous, the latter with a linear dorsal cloud, "11. New York.
16. cervicalis.
Black, linear, pubescence brownish gray, hind tibia? with a very faint trace of a 3d ridge, -09— -11 17. as p e rs a (Mels.)*
d. First joint of hind tarsi with three, second with one oblique ridge ; body narrow, almost parallel :
Head, thorax and feet reddish yellow ; elytra fuscous, with the humeri and apical margin reddish yellow ; abdomen, sternum and hind coxa? and femora blackish ; incisures of hind feet blackish, *09. Illinois.
18. fulvicollis (Mels.)
c. Ridges parallel, the anterior one extending almost across the outer face of the tibia?.
a. First joint of hind tarsi with two, second with one oblique ridge; elytra black, with two yellow bands precisely as in species 4 and 5.
Head, thorax and feet yellow, thorax with a nanow dorsal cloud ; elytra black, with two yellow bands, the anterior one interrupted by the suture; trunk black- ish, -10 Georgia 19. arnica.
b. First joint of hind tarsi with three, second with two oblique ridges. Black covered with cinereous pubescence ; elytra with two broad bands, and
the apex black pubescent, -08. S.Carolina 20. in fi ma.
* The pubescence of this species is described by Dr. Melsheimer (Pr. Ac, 2, 314) as being mottled, but the type furnished by him, on being carefully cleaned and remounted, shows a uniformly diffused covering of brownish gray hair.
1862.] 4
50 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
Elytra yellow, with the base, tip, sutura and large oblong marginal spot black ;
— head, thorax and body black ; antennae and legs yellow, '09. Middle States.
21. a n d re a e.
— head, thorax and body yellow : abdomen blackisb, -10. Georgia.
22. g r a m m i c a.
Elytra ferruginous, with the suture and margin blackish ;
— black, mouth and anterior feet testaceous ; hind tibiae and tarsi testaceous, with incisures black ; anus piceous, '09. Georgia. . . 23. a n c i 1 1 a.
— black, head and part of thorax reddish yellow, anterior feet yellow, hind tibia? and tarsi testaceous, with incisures black, -10 — "12. Middle and Southern States. . . . . . . . . . . 24. varians.
— ferruginous, black limb of elytra very narrow; abdomen, and sometimes hind coxa? and pectus blackish, -9 — -11. Middle and Southern States.
25. u s t u 1 a t a.
Elytra without distinct markings ; pubescence brownish gray ;
Piceous, bead, thorax and anterior legs ferruginous ; humeri with an indefi- nite ferruginous spot; anus rufo-piceous, -09 — -11. Middle and Southern States . . . 26. s e m i u s t a.
Piceous, head, apical margin of thorax and anterior legs ferruginous; anus rufo-piceous, 09. S.Carolina. ..... 27. impatiens.
Entirely blackish piceous, -09. Middle and Southern States.
28. n ig r ic ans (Mels.)
Blackish piceous ; head ferruginous; antenna?, anterior feet, middle tibiae and tarsi, base of hind tibiae and tarsi, and margin of abdomen testaceous ; first joint of hind tarsi with a rudiment of 4th ridge, -12. Middle and Southern States.
29. ruficeps.
Ferruginous ; sides of pectus and elytra darker ; hind tibiae with a rudiment of a 3d, first juint of tarsi with a rudiment of a 4th ridge, -13. San Diego, California 30. nubila(Zec)
§ C. Hind tibiae with three short, oblique, parallel ridges.
a. First joint of hind tarsi with three, second with two oblique ridges; elytra not bauded.
Black, linear, elytra with numerous rounded spots of ashy sericeous pubes- cence, -09 — "11. Middle, South, and West. States. 31. p u 8 t u la t a (Mels.)*
Black, linear, elytra with lines of brownish gray pubescence, confluent be- hind, -12. Kentucky 32. convict a.
Nearly linear, ferruginous ; elytra black, with the suture and margin nar- rowly ferruginous ; base ferruginous, broader at the humeri, -19. Pa., Ky.
33. f u 3 c i p e n n i s (Mels.)
Slightly cuneate ; beneath ferruginous ; abdomen and sides of breast dusky, above black ; mouth, anterior Darrow inteirupted band of thorax, large tri- angular basal spot of each elytra, and suture and margin behind the middle yellow, -15. Lake Superior. ..... 34. p ec t or al i s (Lee. )
Nearly linear, entirely black, pubescence brownish gray, -11 — 15. Lake Superior and Minnesota. . ....... 35. morula.
Nearly linear, fusco-ferruginous, pubescence brown sericeous, ridges of hind tibiae longer and more oblique than usual, -12 — -15. Southern States.
36. a m b u s t a.
b. First joint of hind tarsi with four, second with two oblique ridges ; elytra not banded.
Slightly cuneate, piceous, covered with brown sericeous pubescence, #12 — *15. Middle, Southern and Western States 37. u n i c o 1 o r.
Slightly cuneate, very black, pubescence fine and dark, mouth and anterior half of thorax ferruginous, -13. Middle States. . 38. marginal is (Say.)
* In one specimen I observed a rudiment of a fourth tibial ridge.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 51
Slightly cuneate, black, covered with dense brown pubescence ; head, front legs and anterior half of thorax reddish yellow, -11 — -12. Kansas.
39. di visa Lee*
c. Elytra with bands of sericeous pubescence; hind tibiae with a rudiment of a 4th ridge ; first joint of tarsi with three, second with two ridges.
Black, more robust than usual, pubescence brownish, thorax with three large black spots, elytra gray sericeous, with a subbasal spot each side, and two transverse bands black, -09. Middle and Southern States.
40. pubescens {Fair.)
Fusco-luteous, slender, thorax with three badly defined basal clouds, elytra with narrow limb and two very oblique bands yellowish sericeous, -12. Middle and Southern States 41. 1 i t u r a t a {Mels.)
Black, slender, sides of thorax and legs piceo-testaceous ; elytra with very narrow limb, and two oblique bands prolonged backwards near the suture, connected by a line near the margin, and apex paler sericeous, "14. Pa.
42. bihamata( Mels.)
Black, mouth, antennae, front and middle legs and thorax ferruginous, the lat- ter with a large dorsal, less pubescent black spot, elytra with a very narrow limb, apex and two nearly transverse bands connected by a submarginal line pale sericeous, -11 — -14. Middle and Southern States. Varies with head and thorax black, anterior thighs piceous 43. hebraica.
Reddish dark testaceous, elytra dark fuscous, with a very narrow sutural line, an oblique band from the humerus nearly to the suture, a transverse band behind the middle reaching neither suture nor margin, and an entire transverse band near the tip pale sericeous; (first joint of hind tarsi with a narrow rudi- ment of a fourth ridge,) -12. Middle and Western States. 44. 1 e p o r i n a.
| D. Hind tibiae with four oblique ridges besides the subapical one.
a. First joint of hind tarsi with three, second with two oblique ridges. Fusco-testaceous, subcuneate, pubescence fulvous, sericeous, -18. Pa.
45. f us ca ta (Mels.)
b. First joint of hind tarsi with three, second with two, third with two, all the ridges very strongly marked.
Ferruginous, elytra black, with the humeri indistinctly ferruginous, and the suture and lateral margin narrowly pale sericeous, -23. Pa. 46. pityptera.
c. First joint of hind tarsi with five, second with four, third with three small oblique ridges.
Very slender, entirely black, pubescence fine and dark, -23. Ga.
47. an gu s t a. § E. Hind tibiae with five or six very small, oblique ridges.
a. Head ferruginous ; elytra with a ferruginous stripe from the humerus to within one-fifth of the apex ; body black; anterior legs ferruginous.
Thorax ferruginous, with the anterior part black, -17. Pa.
48. attenuata(%.) Thorax entirely black, -20. Pa. . . . . . 49. v i tti ger a.
b. Head black ; elytra not vittate.
Black, pubescence sericeous brown ; elytra blackish, with a long basal spot on each, an undulated band behind the middle, suture and tip paler sericeous, •14 — -17. Middle and Southern States. ... 50. d i s c ol or {Mels.) Black, pubescence grayish sericeous, slightly mottled, -16. Kansas.
51. ae m ul a Lec.-f Species unknown to me.
Mordella nigripennis Fabr., Ent. Syst. Suppl. 127 ; Syst. El. 2, 123.
* Coleopt. of Kansas snd Eastern New Mexico, (Smiths. Contr.) 17. t Coleopt. of Kansas and New Mexico, (Smiths. Contr.) 16.
1862.]
52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
Notes on the Species of CALOSOMA inhabiting the United States.
BY JOHN L. LECONTE, M. D.
The difference in the anterior tarsi of the males of certain species of Calo- soma was first observed and made known by Schaum, (Ins. Deutschl. 1, 111,) and a grouping of the species was proposed according as the 4th joint was clothed beneath with a brush of hairs, like the preceding joints, or smooth and naked, as in the majority of the species. An attentive study of the sexual cha- racters of those species represented in my collection has shown me that the number of divisions must be increased, in order that the species may be natu- rally grouped.
I would arrange our species as follows : — Anterior tarsi of the male with the 4th joint hairy beneath :
Thorax with sides broadly fattened behind, (body elongate) I.
Thorax narrowed behind, sides not flattened II.
Anterior tarsi of the male with the 4th joint glabrous beneath :
3d joint of anterior tarsi $ glabrous beneath ; thorax trisinuate behind... III. 3d joint of anterior tarsi $ hairy beneath :
Thorax truncate behind , IV.
Thorax emarginate behind :
Body winged V.
Body without wings VI.
Group I.
The species of this group are remarkable for the long narrow body; the 5th and following joints of the antenna? are cylindrical and nearly equably pubes- cent; the thorax is rounded at the sides, very slightly emarginate at the base, which is not narrowed, but broad and flattened each side; the joints 1 — 3 of the anterior tarsi of the male are clothed beneath with a brush of hair; the 4th joint is haiTy for a small space at the middle, and strongly spinous at the sides.
Our species are : 1. C. externum Say, (longipenneTte).); 2. C. mac rum Lee, and
3. C. protractum, elongatum, nigrum, subnitidum, thorace latitudine duplo breviore, basi vix emarginato, subsinuato ; margine incrassato, basi et lateribus punctato. his postice late modice reflexis, elytris thorace paulo lati- oribus, parallelis, subtiliter seriatim punctatis. Long. -95 — 1-05.
Arizona; Dr. Irwine, U. S. A.
Group II.
The species of this group have the 5th and following joints of the antennas cylindrical, nearly equably hairy ; the thorax is comparatively small, much narrowed behind, with the base slightly rounded ; the elytra are deeply striate and ovate, being gradually widened from the base ; the joints 1 — 4 of the anterior tarsi of the male are covered beneath with a dense brush of hair, the first, however, being glabrous at the base; the 4th is very slightly spinous at the sides. Our species are :
4. C. scrutator Fabr. The middle tibire in the male are curved and both they and the hind tibias are furnished with a dense brush of hairs on the inner face near the tip. The species is found from Newfoundland to the point of Lower California.
5. C. W i 1 1 c o x i Lee. Middle tibia; of the male straight and not hairy.
6. C. frigid um Kirby. Middle tibiae of the male slightly curved, and somewhat, though not densely, hairy on the inner face.
Group III. The single species constituting this group has the outer joints of the antenna? cylindrical and equably pubescent ; the thorax is narrowed behind and mode-
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OP PHILADELPHIA. 53
rately Insinuate at base; the elytra are striate and ovate, but longer than in the preceding group; the first joint of the anterior tarsi of the male is hairy beneath only for a small portion near the anterior margin ; the 2d joint has the usual brush of hair; the 3d and 4th joints are entirely without hair.
7. C. Sayi DeJ. The middle tibiae of the male are very much curved, pro- longed at tip on the inner face, and armed along the inner margin with several small distant teeth.
Group IV. In this group are several species of a black color, with feeble or obsolete elytral striae ; the outer joints of the antennae are cylindrical and equably punc- tured ; the thorax is narrowed behind, sometimes angulated at the sides, with the base not at all emarginate, but truncate or slightly rounded ; the joints 1 — 3 of the anterior tarsi of the male are clothed beneath with a dense brush of hair the 4th is naked; nothing peculiar is seen in the form of the middle tibiae of the male. All the species inhabit the plains of the central part of the continent •
8. C. prominens Lee. (angulalum\\ Lee.) ; 9. C. 1 it g u b r e Lee.
10. C. carbonatum, nigrum, subnitidum, thorace latitudine duplo bre- viore antice posticeque angustato, lateribus medio obtuse subangulatis ; disco confertim subtiliter intricato-rugoso, lateribus parce punctatis, basi fere recte truncato, elytris subovatis, convexis, thorace latioribus, striis haud impressis subtiliter punctatis, foveisque obsoletis serie triplici impressis. Ljng. 1-00.
New Mexico and Upper Texas.
11. C. t r i s t e Lee. ; 12. C. o b s o 1 e t u m Say, {luxatum\ Dej.)
Group V. The species here placed have the outer joints of the antennae nearly cylin- drical but less punctured on the sides ; the thorax is more or less narrowed behind, and the base is distinctly emarginate; the joints 1 — 3 of the anterior tarsi of the male are clothed beneath with a dense brush of hairs, and the 4th is glabrous ; the middle tibiae of the male present no important characters. There is much difference in the sculpture of the elytra, the striae being oblite- rated in C. s e m i 1 ae v e , deep in c a 1 i d u m , confused in tepidum, badly defined in cancellatum, which has besides three rows of catenated eleva- tions. All the species are found on the Pacific coast; C. c a 1 i d u m extends entirely across the continent from ocean to ocean.
13. C. s e m i 1 ae v e Lee. ; 14. C. calidum Fair. (var. lepidum Lee.) ; 15. C. tepidum Lee.
16. C. cancellatum Esch. (var. cenescens Lee.)
Group VI.
In this group are placed species without wings, and generally of robust form; the outer joints of the antennae are somewhat compressed and very con- spicuouslj7 less punctured on the flattened sides, except in C. discors, in which the antennas resemble those of the preceding group ; the thorax is nar- rowed behind, and the base is very obviously emarginate; the joints 1 — 3 of anterior tarsi of the male are clothed beneath with a dense brush of hairs, and the 4th is glabrous ; nothing remarkable is seen in the middle tibiae of the male.
Four forms of elytral sculpture are seen.
a. Elytra with rows of close set punctures, the intervals each with a row of more distant punctures. 17. C. discors Lee.
b. Elytra with confused punctures and three rows of catenated elevations. 18. C. moniliatum Lee. 19. C. laqueatum Lee.
c. Elytra with confused punctures and three rows of faint foveae. 20. 0. W i 1 k e s i i Lee.
d. Elytra with fine striae, the intervals crossed by transverse lines producing an imbricated appearance. 21. C. luxatum Say. (C. slriatulum Lee. and C. Zimmermanni Lee. are varieties, or rather races, of this species.)
1862.]
54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
Descriptions of certain species of DIURNAL LEPIDOPTESA found within the limits of the United States and British America— No. 2.
BY WM. H. EDWARDS.
1. Argynnis Atlantis, no v. sp. 5. Chionobas taygete, Hubner.
2. Thecla acadica, nov. sp. 6. Pamphila vema, nov. sp.
3. " beta, nov. sp. 7. " rurea, nov. sp.
4. Lycsena neglecta, nov. sp. 8. Hesperia vialis, nov. sp.
AKGYNNIS ATLANTIS, nOV. Sp.
Male. Expands 2 to 2| inches.
Upper side of both wings uniform fulvous, less bright than Aphrodite or Cybele, dusky near base and on costal margin of primaries ; both wings have a broad black hind margin, sometimes enclosing an interrupted fulvous line next anal angle of secondaries ; preceding this band and connected with it on primaries, a series of black crescents, the one next the inner angle geminate, enclosing round fulvous spots which are smallest next apex ; anterior to these a transverse row of round black spots, an abbreviated black band running obliquely back from the costa, and a zigzag band across the middle of the wing ; within the cell three transverse, wavy black bars, the second continued nearly to the submedian nervure, and a fourth bar on the arc, dilated at its lower extremity and there enclosing a dusky space.
Secondaries have a series of black crescents, not resting on the marginal border as in primaries, the one next the anal angle geminate, a transverse row of small round black spots, and across the middle of the wing a zigzag band ending within the abdominal margin ; in the cell a black band bent like a horse-shoe ; fringe yellowish white, black, with a little fulvous at the inter- section of the nervures.
Under side : hind margin of both wings dark brown ; disk and inner margin of primaries reddish tawny, costa and apex light buff ; the black markings of upper side repeated, but more delicate ; five silver triangles within the^ mar- ginal crescents next apex, and preceding these on the costa two rounded silver spots on a dark brown ground.
Secondaries dark red brown, more or less mottled with drab, except the space between the two outer rows of silver spots, which is bright buff and immaculate ; upon the border of hind margin seven triangular silver spots, edged below with black, and above with red brown preceded by another series of seven rounded or oval, the middle one smallest, all edged above with black ; between these and the base are ten silver spots of various sizes and forms, the largest divided by the discal arc ; all these, except the two anterior, edged above with black ; edge of costa next base and whole abdomi- nal margin broadly silvered ; thorax and abdomen above black, covered with fulvous hairs, thorax below reddish grey, abdomen buff ; palpi grey, tipped with fulvous ; antennae black above, fulvous below ; club velvet black, tipped with fulvous.
Female. Expands 2| to 2^ inches.
Color above less bright than the male, inclining to tawny ; the black mar- gin very heavy, and the marginal spots next apex of primaries buff, nearly white ; usually a black spot next base of secondaries ; under side of prima- ries bright fulvous ; in other respects as in the male.
This species seems to be limited to the mountainous districts of the North- ern States and to parts of British America. In the Catskill Mountains, near the Mountain House, I found it abundant the past season, (1861.) I have received it from the White Mountains, from Williamstown, Mass., and from Lake Winnipeg, by Mr. S. H. Scudder, and by Mr. Drexler from near Hudson's Bay. The specimens from the White Mountains and Hudson's Bay
a
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 55
are diminutive in size. There is also a specimen in the cabinet of the late Dr. Harris, at Cambridge, Mass., taken by Prof. Agassiz on the north side of Lake Superior.
In the markings of its surface Atlantis bears a close resemblance to Cybele and Aphrodite, to Adippe and Aglaia of Europe, and to Zerene and Astarte of California. It especially resembles the three last-named species iu the zigzag band which crosses the disk of secondaries, but which in Aphrodite takes the form of a belt of small crescents, separated by wide spaces. It is, moreover, readily distinguished from Aphrodite by its duller color, broad black margin to both wings and color of secondaries below. It also differs sensibly in the shape of the primaries, the margins meeting at the inner angle more obtusely, the outer angle being more acute and the breadth of the wing from the inner angle to middle of costa much less. The antenna? are shorter by one eighth of an inch.
Of the three species, Cybele is Southern, and in the vicinity of Newburgh, N. Y., is found but little more abundantly than Aphrodite. In the Catskills the latter abounds and Cybele is rare, much less common than Atlantis. From Connecticut, Massachusetts and Canada, I have seen no Cybele, though doubtless it is occasionally found in those districts. The prevailing Northern species is Aphrodite.
Thecla acadica, nov. sp.
Male. Expands 1*2 inch.
Size and form of Falacer. Color above dark brown, costal edge of prima- ries rufous ; in the disk a smooth oval spot ; secondaries have a single tail, from the base of which a bluish white line extends along the margin to the anal angle ; the space next above this line is sprinkled slightly with fulvous scales making an indistinct broad band, which ends beyond the tail in a clear fulvous spot ; fringe of both wings brown, next before the tail white, beyond it black, through which runs a white line, and at the angle black.
Under side dark grey, with a pearly lustre ; on primaries a short discal bar, edged with white ; beyond this, a bent transverse row of black spots, each edged with white, the one next the costa minute, the next three round, fourth and fifth oval, and sixth double ; within and along the margin a row of elon- gated, pale fulvous spots obsolete towards the apex, narrowly bordered within by black, on which rests a line of bluish white.
Secondaries have a long discal streak, a transverse row of black spots and streaks, each edged with white, the six from the costa nearly round, the next long and bent toward the anal angle, the last a streak running up the abdomi- nal margin and bent upward at right angles near its inner extremity ; hind margin edged with white and bordered by a bright red band, divided by the nervures into spots, arched above and edged with black, on which is a line of bluish white ; this band extends some distance up the abdominal margin, and encloses on the hind margin, near anal angle, a large rounded space sprinkled with blue atoms ; the three red spots next outer angle partly obsolete.
Taken near London, C. W., by Mr. W. Saunders.
Thecla IuEta, nov. sp.
Expands 9-10 inch.
Upper side of primaries black, of secondaries blackish brown ; near base of primaries a few scales of metallic blue ; costal edge red ; next the anal angle of secondaries a broad band of metallic blue scales, many of which are re- placed by black, extends half way along the hind margin ; beyond the band a fine line of these scales follows the margin to the outer angle ; anal angle edged with red ; fringe grey.
Under side of secondaries and apex and costal margin of primaries slate blue, with a green tinge ; costal edge of primaries red ; disk smoke color ; beyond the cell, on costal margin, a transverse, abbreviated series of fine red
186k2.]
5(3 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
spots, edged posteriorly with white, the last two obscured by the smoky hue of the disk.
Secondaries have two series of red spots parallel to the hind margin ; those of the exterior small, and towards the outer angle minute, each more or less surrounded by a delicate white border, in which are a few black scales ; the inner series crosses the middle of the wing, is slightly irregular, the spots large, brighter red and crescent-shaped, bordered posteriorly with white, in which are a few black scales ; edge of the wing at the anal angle and at the intersection of the adjoining nervures red ; thorax and abdomen above black, beneath white.
Taken near London, C. W., by Mr. W. Saunders.
IiYCffiNA NEGLECTA, nOV. Sp.
Expands l'l inch.
Male. Upper side of primaries delicate azure blue, paler in the disk and silvery on costal margin ; secondaries greyish blue, with a broad azure mar- gin ; a black line edges the hind margin of both wings, expanding towards apex of primaries into a border, and running a little way along the costal margin ; fringe of primaries white, cut with black by the nervures ; of second- aries, sometimes barred with black, but usually wholly white.
Under side pure white, or white with a bluish tinge ; primaries with a dark discal streak and a transverse series of six black streaks set obliquely ; second- aries have a discal streak, three points near base and eight points or streaks crossing the disk in a tortuous line; both wings bordered by confluent spots, forming a crenated band, each spot enclosing a darker point.
Female. Upper side of both wings of a deeper and more metallic blue ; primaries have a broad fuscous hind margin ; in some cases this color extends along the costal margin to the base, where it is sprinkled with blue ; a faint discal streak ; hind margin of secondaries bordered by a row of small fuscous spots.
Under side dark grey, sprinkled with blue at the base of both wings ; the fuscous spots disposed as in the male, but larger and coarser.
Variety a. Upper side wholly fuscous.
Massachusetts, New York, Wisconsin, Lake Winnipeg.
There are three species of Lycsenae in North America that much resemble each other, viz. : — Lncia of Kirby, Pseudargiolus of Boisduval, and a third hitherto confounded with the later, which I described as Neglecta. Pseudar- giolus resembles Argiolus of Europe in form, size and color above, and was considered by Abbott and Smith as identical with it. Both wings are wholly violet blue' with a pinkish tinge ; the under side is greyish white, and the hind margins are bordered by a broad, serrated band, the teeth of which are separated almost to their bases. This band appears as if stamped on the wing. The color of Neglecta is azur^ blue on primaries, of secondaries grey blue, with an azure margin ; the under side is pure white or bluish white, and the marginal band is confluent and serrated. Lucia is uniform light silvery blue above and cinereous below, with a border as in Neglecta. The number, shape and arrangement of the spots on the under side of these species are similar, mostly differing in degree of fineness ; in Pseudargiolus they are very delicate ; in Neglecta much less so ; in Lucia heavy and coarse. Pseudar- giolus varies much in size. It appears to be rather a Southern species. It is common on the mountains of Western Virginia, and is occasionally met with in New York. Neglecta is common in New York, and I have received it from Wisconsin and from Lake Winnipeg. Lucia seems to be confined to the Northern parts of the continent. I have received from Mr. Drexler a female of Chionobas Taygete (QSneis Tai/gite) of Hubner, taken at Albany River, Hud- son's Bay, which agrees with Ilubner's figure, but differs from C. Bootes, de- scribed by Boisduval and LeConte as identical, and from the figure of Bootes
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 57
in Boisduval's spec. gen. Boisduval, in his Icones, figures Taygete and calls it Bootes without any reference to Hubnei. Bootes is an European species, Taygete an American only, and the priority of name belongs to Hubner. The only description we have, therefore, being incorrect, I described Taygete from Mr. Drexler's specimen. Herrich-Schaeffer, Lep. Eur. f. 112, gives Taygete as same with Boisduval's C. also. But C. also is Hipparehia semidea of Say, a species as yet only known to be found in the White Mountains of New Hamp- shire. Boisduval's description was taken from a single specimen forwarded by the late Dr. Harris to Major Le Conte with Say's name, which should have been retained. C. semidea appears to have been lost sight of, and doubted as a species for many years, till, in 1857, Mr. Scudder found it abundant on the summit of Mt. Washington.
Chinobas Taygete.
Olneis Taygete, Hubner.
C. Boo/es, Boisduval and Le Conte.
C. Bootes, Boisduval in Icones.
Female. Expands 2-2 inches.
Upper side ochrey brown, both wings, from the base to beyond the cell, clouded with black, which makes externally an irregular outline, crenate in the median interspaces of primaries ; hind margin of both wings and apex of primaries bordered with dark brown ; between ihis and the clouded space a broad common band, in which, on the primaries, are three black pyriform spots, the first being between the discoidal nervules and the others in the two spaces between the median nervules ; a small round black spot in the anal angle of secondaries ; costal margin of primaries sprinkled with black and grey.
Under side : primaries paler, the whole wing marked by fine, transverse, abbreviated streaks of dark brown, most dense in the cell; spots as above ; costa barred with grey and black ; a heavy black line corresponds nearly to the dark outline of clouded space above, but wants the crenations and pro- jects on the second discoidal nervule into an acute angle.
Secondaries wholly mottled and streaked transversely with grey, light brown and black, the latter color predominating next the base, and light brown on the hind margin ; a broad band crosses the disk, black on the edges, the inner edge angular, the outer sinuous ; a minute black spot in the anal angle ; ner- vures grey and prominent.
Albany River, Hudson's Bay, by Mr. Drexler.
Pamphila versa, no v. sp.
Expands 1*2 inch. Size and form of Otho.
Male. Both wings dark glossy brown ; body covered with greenish hairs ; on costa of primaries near apex a yellowish spot, divided into three by the nervures, on the disk an oblique black bar, posterior to which, and running with it from the middle of the inner margin, are three yellowish, translucent spots, the anterior minute, the next a parallelogram, the third separated from the second by a wide space.
Beneath dark brown, with a purple reflection ; same spots on primaries as above, but enlarged ; across the disk of secondaries an obsolete row of points, thorax grey ; abdomen, head and palpi whitish.
Female. Same color ; the oblique band of yellowish spots varies, the second being nearly square and preceded by an additional small spot at its upper inner angle. Beneath lighter brown ; the obsolete points on second- aries of the male become distinct yellow spots, crossing the wing two-thirds the distance from the abdominal margin, when they bend at right angles, and run nearly to the costa.
Illinois, from Mr. Walsh, Washington.
1862.]
58
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
Pamphila iicxEA, nov. sp.
Expands 1-1 inch.
Male. Color above and below dark glossy brown ; on primaries an oblique black bar.
Female. Same color ; on the costa of primaries, near the apex, a yellowish spot divided into three by the nervures, and two small spots near middle of the wing ; all these are repeated below, and on the disk of secondaries are four obsolete points in a transverse line.
Rock Island, Illinois, from Mr. B. D. Walsh.
Hesperia vialis, nov. sp.
Expands 9-10 inch.
Color fuscous ; the only markings are four fine, yellowish-white spots on costa of primaries near apex ; fringe long, color brown, barred with black by the intersection of the nervures.
Under side darker, with a purple reflection on apex of primaries and hind margin of secondaries ; thorax grey, palpi light grey.
Rock Island, Illinois ; Lake Winnipeg.
Description of a New CARDITJM from the Pleistocene of Hudson's Bay
BY WM. STIMPSON.
Cakdium Dawsoni.
Cardium islandicum Stimpson, (non Chemn.) Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1861, p. 97.
Shell snbovate, oblique, very inequilateral, and somewhat angular posteri- orly ; beaks small and much elevated ; hinge thin ; teeth weak, especially the pos- terior ones ; ribs about thirty-five in num- ber, in the anterior part of the shell nar- rower than their interspaces, in the mid- dle and posterior parts broader and more flattened ; ventral margin crenated.
Length 1-63 ; height 1-53; convexity, or breadth, 1 inch. Imperfect specimens indicate a larger size.
This shell resembles C. islandicum, (cili- atam 0. Fabr.,) in the characters of the hinge, but is easily distinguished by its obliquity and the great elevation of its small beaks, the prominence of which gives an angularity of outline to the umbonial slope, very different from the evenly rounded and more depressed slope of the recent shell. Tha posterior ex- tremity also is much less rounded, and in some specimens the posterior and ventral margins form nearly a right angle with each other. The ribs are not acute as inC. islandicum, but more or less flattened, and generally broader than their interspaces. From C. decorticatum S. Wood, of the English crag, this species differs in its thinner hinge and weak teeth ; from C. inUrruptum of the same author, and formation, by its greater obliquity, and the prominence of the beaks.
Our specimens all present a character which may perhaps be considered specific ; that of broad concentric bands of erosion, separated by correspond- ing crenulated ridges, indicating periods of arrest of growth in the shell, at which periods the margins, being slowly formed, were of stronger substance than when the deposit proceeded more rapidly. These periods were probably annual, occurring in winter.
[Feb.
NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 59
It was found by Mr. Drexler abundantly on tbe beach at Cape Hope, on the southeast side of Hudson's Bay, having in all probability been washed out of a Pleistocene deposit. The specimens are in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, under the auspices of which Mr. D. visited that country.
This is doubtless the shell figured as a Mya by E. Emmons, in the fourth volume of the " Natural History of New York, pi. L, fig. 9, as occurring in the Pleistocene of Lake Champlain.
I have dedicated the species to the accomplished President of McGill College, Montreal, to whom we are indebted for so much of our knowledge of the Na- tural History and Geology of Canada, particularly that of its Pleistocene de- posits.
Additions to the Nomenclature of North American LEPIDOPTESA.
BY AUG. R. GROTE.
In offering these papers, the writer would refer to the difficulties experienced by the American student of Entomology in obtaining the knowledge of the descriptions of native species ; difficulties so well presented by Dr. T. W. Harris in his Catalogue of the Insects of Massachusetts.
And it seems no more than probable that, laboring under these difficulties, the writer may redescribe already acknowledged species. Where this is brought to his notice, he will willingly and gladly acknowledge his synonyms, giving the priority to the rightful author.
NOCTU^!. Gen. Platypterix, Laspeyres.
Antennae doubly pectinate in the male ; pectinations turned towards each other ; simple in the female. Palpi with three articles, of which the second is longest, the third short and pointed. Body slender, shorter than the wings. Wings broad, the anterior ones with a sickle-shaped outer margin, recurving at the tips. Posterior pair rounded.
P. f abula, nov. sp. — Anterior wir.gs dirty white. From the curved tip a dark brown line with paler margin follows the inclination of the wing to the hind margin. Emerging from this line, and between it and the outer margin of the wing, a wavy dark brown line goes down to the hind margin, joining it close to the outer edge of the wing. Between the base of the wing and the first named and broadest line, thiee distinct, irregular, brown wavy lines cross the wing from the upper to the hind margin. The second and third from the base of the wing run close together and unite three times, forming two un- equal enclosed spaces up to about half of the wing, and then diverging, form an outline which bears a slight resemblance to the profile of a face. Two dark spots are enclosed in this, and a third and larger one is crossed by the third line near the centre of the wing. Outer margin dark brown, deepen- ing towards the tip. Posterior wings dirty white, with two dark dots near the upper edge, and crossed by several interrupted wavy lines, the one nearest the outer margin continued. Body and thorax dirty white. Exp. If inch.
A male, taken on Long Island, New York.
Obs. This insect bears a resemblance in its markings to the European P. falcula; it differs, however, specifically from that species in its coloring as well as that the wavy lines on the anterior wings are not confluent, thus forming no enclosed spaces.
P. genicula, nov. sp. — Anterior wings light ochre yellow. From the tip a curved dark brown line follows the inclination of the wings to the hind margin. Between this distinct line and the base of the wing three irregular
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60 PROCEEDINGS OP THE ACADEMY OP
wavy lines cross the wing from the anterior edge to the hind margin ; the second and third from the base and the widest apart enclosing three dark brown spots, two larger and one smaller. Outer margin of the wing brown, deepening in color and widening toward the tip, which shows a slightly bluish shade. Posterior wings light ochre yellow, with two black dots near the upper edge, and crossed by several wavy and more or less interrupted lines. Outer margin light brown. Body and thorax light ochre yellow. Under surface of the wings of a lighter shade, and showing the spots on the anterior wings and two dots on each of the posterior wings. Exp. 1[ inch.
A male. Staten Island, N. Y.
From the collection of Mr. E. L. Graef, Brooklyn, L. I. Closely allied to P. f abu 1 a, but well distinguished by its ground color and divergence of the wavy lines on the anterior wings.
P. formula, nov. sp.— Light roseate brown. Legs light orange on the inside. Anterior wings light roseate brown, with a broad light citron yellow band running from the tip to the hind margin of the wing, leaving a roseate brown space between it and the outer margin, deepening in color towards the inner angle of the curve. Two small white spots toward the anterior edge of the wing, between which and the base of the wing an irregular deeper shade-line runs down and is continued through the posterior wings to the inner margin and near the base of the wing. Posterior wings same color as anterior, with the citron yellow band enlarged to the whole outer margin of the wing, except a small space in the upper corner, two rows of minute dark spots, apparently continued from the upper wing, run through this band near the outer edge of the wing. Base of the wing roseate brown, with two small white spots outside of the continued dark shade line running through both wings. Thorax and body roseate brown. Under surface of the wings lighter shaded, showing the small dark spots more apparent and lengthened on the anterior wings. Exp. 1£ inch.
A female. New York.
With the male of this species I am not acquainted. The peculiar curving of the anterior wings seem to warrant its disposition under the present genus. It has the general coloring of an autumn leaf.
Synopsis of the Species of HOLCOSUS and AMEIVA, with Diagnoses of new West Indian and South American Colubridae.
BY E. D. COPE.
Holcosds Cope. Ventral shields large, in six longitudinal rows, without keels. Femoral cores present. Tail cylindrical, keels of the scales very strong. Two dermal gular folds. Frontal, fronto-parietal and parietal plates very numerous ; supra- orbitals forming an isolated disc. Tongue sheathed at the base.
H. septemlineatus.
Ameiva septemlineata Dumeril, Catal. Method. Collect. 1851, p. 114.
Frontal plates four, occipitals five, succeeded by a transverse series of five other plates. Supraoculars two. Median gular scales a little larger than those surrounding, smaller than those of the postgular fold. Heels without spinous tubercles. Bronze green, with seven longitudinal yellowish lines, one median, three upon each side.
Hab — Tropical America.
H. sexscutatus.
Ameiva sexscatata Gunther, Proc. Zool. Soc. Nov. 1859.
An anterior nasal on each side; an anterior frontal ; two posterior frontals
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NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 61
separated by a shield : three pairs of parietals in a longitudinal series. Oc- cipital region irregularly shielded. Supraorbitals two. A median chin shield behind the srmphyseal. Greenish olive, irregularly speckled with darker. A greenish white vertebral stripe. A lateral black greenish-white bordered band from in front of the eye to the thigh. Beneath greenish white. Hab. — Andes of Western Equador.
Ameiva Cuvier.
For convenience of analysis, this genus may be divided into the following sections, nearly as has been done by Dr. J. E. Gray.
Inner aspect of heel without spinous tubercles.
Abdominal shields in eight longitudinal rows A
Abdominal shields in ten longitudinal rows, (supraoculars four) B
Abdominal shields in twelve or more longitudinal rows C
Inner aspect of heel with spinous tubercles D
No species belonging to any of these groups exists in the nearctic region; there their place is supplied by an extensive development of the genus Cnemido- phorus. Section A (embracing eight species) is characteristic of northwestern South America and Mexico, though two of the species, forming a subgroup, are West Indian. The latter seems to be allied to Cnemidophorus through the West Indian and South American species of the latter, while the connection of that genus with the former subgroup is maintained by some of the Cnemido- phori of the North American deserts. Ameiva guttata approximates in size and coloration to section B. With A. undulatait marks the northern limit of the genus on the American continent, — viz., about the latitude of Vera Cruz. Of sections B, C and D, eight are insular, five continental. Of the former, so far as is yet ascertained, two species appear to be peculiar to Cuba, one to New Providence, one to Sombrero, one to Jamaica, one to Santa Cruz. One species is said to be common to Hayti, Porto Rico, St. Thomas, Santa Cruz and Martinique. The continental A. surinamensis inhabits Trinidad : small specimens from Paraguay closely resemble the young of the same. The genus does not seem to occur on the Pacific slope of the Andes, unless the Cnemido- phorus undulatus, mentioned by Giinther (Proc. Zool. Soc, April, 1860) as having been brought from Guyaquil, belongs to it.
In preparing the present synopsis, I have availed myself of the Erpetologie Generale and the work of Dr. Gray. In the latter, an A. murina from Surinam is mentioned, of which little can be ascertained. Prince Neuwied has described (Rept. Brazil, p. 180) an A. cyanoni elas from Southeastern Brazil, to which I can only allude, on account of imperfections in the description. It resembles A. eutropia, but belongs probably to section B.
A
I. Plates of the caudal whorls carinate superiorly.
a. Median gular scales very large, plate-like.
*Premaxillary teeth six or seven.
A. quadrilineata Cope.
Cnemidophorus quadrilineatus Hallow., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1860, p. 483.
Three supraorbitals, sometimes a minute posterior fourth ; marginal supra- orbitals five, second very long. Occipitals three. Large gular scales nume- rous, graduating into the smaller. Plates of the fold in two rows, six or eight in the longest. Two antebrachial series, the posterior continuous with the single brachial ; postbrachials large, one principal row. Four femoral rows, two complete tibial, the second and third shields of the external very large. External digit equalling or exceeding extremity of internal. Preanal plates in a single series, the posterior largest. Above olive brown. Two narrow yellow
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62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF
lines on each side; the superior from the superciliary margin, convergent on the nuchal region; the inferior from the orbit, interrupted by the femur, con- tinued on the base of the tail, bounded above and beneath by black. Inferior lateral region black, greenish vermiculated. Back posteriorly varied with black. Beneath greenish white. Total length 3 in. 4 lin. Body 1 in. 4 lin. Hah. — Nicaragua. Mus. Smithsonian.
A. p u 1 c h r a Hallowell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 483.
Three supraorbitals; six marginal supraorbitals, the second very long. Lateral occipitals one on each side, bordered with irregular scales. Shields of the mesoptychiura large. Brachial and antebrachial plates each in two rows, the posterior of the former continuous with the anterior of the latter ; post- brachials large. Twenty femoral pores. Three rows of plates on the tibia, the inner not appearing on the inferior surface ; the outer composed of eight transverse plates, the median three or four of nearly equal size. Preanal plates in two longitudinal rows. Sole of the foot externally acutely tuberculous. External digit not reaching to extremity of internal. On the rump broAvn : proceeding anteriorly the shade of color becomes lighter, until upon the muzzle it is ochraceous ; the whole is faintly tinged with olive. A deeper shade ex- tends from the superior angle of the eye to above the groin, which is marked by about twelve short, deep brown, vertical bands. These are bounded beneath by a series of light dots which extend from the tympanum posteriorly. Sides olivaceous; tail olivaceous, spotted with brown above. Total length 8 in. C lin.
Jjab. — Nicaragua. Mus. Smithsonian; Acad. Philadelphia.
**Premaxillary teeth nine. A. eutropia Cope.
Three supraorbitals ; five marginal supraorbitals, the second very long. Three occipitals, bounded posteriorly by many irregular shields. Infralabials large, five on each side ; median gulars four or six, very large : a single row of eight or ten large plates upon the mesoptychium. One series of brachial and one of antebrachial shields, continuous with each other; postbrachials large. One very large subround median anal, entirely surrounded by smaller plates. Inferior femoral plates large, in three or four rows ; two rows of inferior tibials, the external composed of six plates, of which the second is largest. Seventeen to nineteen femoral pores. Digits strongly pectinate, the external equal to the internal. Keels of the tail shields strong inferiorly as well as superiorly. Above blackish brown with an olive tint. A blue-grey median band extends from the occiput, and becomes broad and undulating in outline posteriorly because of the dark shade which bounds it laterally becoming resolved into spots. Two lateral narrow bluish gray lines, more or less interrupted, the inferior reaching the groin. The median band in its prolongation to the muzzle is light brown. Inferior surfaces light bluish green. Total length 1 1 in. 9 1. : head and body 3 in. 9 1.
jlab. — Region of the Truando, New Grenada. Discovered by Arthur Schott. of Lieut. N. Michler's Expedition. Mus. Smithsonian, (Nos. 4320, 4325.) Acad. Philadelphia.
A. undulata Gray, Catal. Liz. Brit. Mus. Dumeril, Catal. Method, pt. l,p. 113.
Cnemidopkorun undulatus Wiegm., Herp. Mex. 27.
Three supraorbitals; five marginal supraorbitals, the second very long. Oc- cipitals three, succeeded by irregular thields. Large gular plates transverse. Plates of the mesoptychium in two rows. Two rows of antebrachial, one of brachial plates; postbrachial large. Five or six series of femoral plates; three of tibial, the inner not visible from beneath. Preanals small, in two longitudinal rows. Tubercles of ihe sole acute, outer digit not reaching extremity of inner. Tail plates strongly keeled above and below. Twenty femoral pores. Olive brown above vermiculated with brown posteriorly, bounded on each side by a series of triangular light bluish spots, (their apices directed downward,) which are
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NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 63
surrounded by a deep brown shade. Sometimes they are confluent and form a longitudinal band ; the apices prolonged may form vertical bands. Head brownish. Beneath greenish white. Total length 11 in. ; head and body 3 in. 6 lin.
Hab. — Honduras. Mus. Acad. Philadelphia. Dr. John L. Le Conte donor.
Var. a, Wiegm.
Sides with numerous short light bluish lines, imitating broken longitudinal bands. Marginal supraoculars six, the third longest. Otherwise similar to the ordinary variety.
Hab. — Vera Cruz, Mexico. Mus. Smithsonian. Dr. C. Sartorius donor.
aa. Median gular scales but little larger