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PROCEEDINGS _
OF THE
SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS
OF DHE
| ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
FOR THE YEAR
1879.
$5, :
a
~ CONTAINING PAPERS 1 READ a Se
JANUARY AND ‘PEBRVARY.
SS ee
fin Mo ea Sa EERE Me) SENET. 8 % aoe
a deoumamnta
i "PRINTED FOR THE: i Mike 9 hy D AT THEIR House IN Haxovan-saUl
LIST OF CONTENTS.
PART I.—1879. ,
: : January 14, 1879.
Prof. Newton. Remarks on the occasion of the death of the late President ..:-....).. The Secretary. Reporton the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in December 1878.... 2
Dr. Traquair. Hxhibition of a specimen of Alectorenas nitidissina ..........+eseee sess ee” Prof. Newton. Remarks ges the apeetaeet of Alectorenas nitidissima exhibited by Dr.
Traquair .. EE TER ENO ATE Ie NL eg nr Cominodore Hoskins. Letter ae concerning the northern limit of the “‘Mooruk” Seat ae Rev. G. Brown, C.M.Z.8. Letter from, addressed to the Secretary, acta information
as to whether the ‘‘Moorup” is found on New Ireland .... 2.0... .2.0:.5 0000 ee a) Mr. R. Trimen, F.2.8. Letter from, concerning Pleetropterus niger... 2.46. -0ee es cee, , 5 1. Remarks upon the Hani ond Change. of Plumage of Humboldt’s 7 peta, By - A.D,
Bartrert, Superintendent of ‘the suciciy’s Curdengs.. ss. 6s... Seattle 2. On a Collection of Birds made ey apy Hubner on Duke-of-York Island and New Britain.
By Orro-finysdny Phy D. \G.DEB.S ah ar ae | See de Hy Orolo sot Ore cee SME DN Re ee
i)
- Ona Collection of Crustacea made Ps Capt. H. ©. St. John, R.N., in the Corean and Japanese Seas. By Edward J. Miras, B.L.S.; F.Z.8. - Part I. Podophthalmia. With
an Appendix by Capt. H. C. St. Jouy, (Plates IIIT fe ee Sarena Sere LC
+. A few Remarks on My. Diliot’s paper ‘‘On the Felt ii ot the Genus Prilopus.” By DL. Bacyaporty OM. D8. re6.2 rate naaete va laus sees t's I Rog Wie ae Soa Ok
5. Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines. —No. XII. On the Collection made y Mr. A. H. Everett in the Island of Basilan. By ary Marquis of Twsxppa.E, E: R.8., President: of the: Society sae. Sas mite ine Sa ie bikin, Cit, ig 4) NA oot 68
. List of the Mammals, Reptiles, and Batrachians sent by Mr. Eyerett from the Philip- pine Islands, By Dr. A. Giwrunre, F.RS., F.ZS., doe: # me Tae, Depa ment, British Museum. (Plate TV.) . as . j4
7. On the Eepd of Tyena ong (Z. at i tise: Hit M.D., pe Aurren H. Youn, M.B., of The Owens College, se aig Communicated bys A. H. Gannon. (Plates V. VI.)........ Seas D> Agee st cede te Ft ay
c
February 4, 1879.
The Secretary. Report on the additions to the Society's Menagerie in January 1879 .... 108
Prof. J. Reinhardt. Hxtract of a letter from, on a new species of Curassow .........,.. 108 «i Mr, Selater, Remarks upon, and diagnosis of, Mitua salvini, the new cpa Poets, 109 ir are oo
“Contents continued on page 3 of coh appbr: rt
%
z
. = ie eS SO Oe Le ee
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS
OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON
FOR THE YEAR
. PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY, AND SOLD AT THEIR HOUSE IN HANOVER SQUARE. LONDON:
MESSRS. LONGMANS, GREEN, READER, AND DYER, PATERNOSTER ROW.
Gest
OF THE
COUNCIL
AND OFFICERS
OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
1879.
COUNCIL. Prorrssor Frowrer, LL.D., F.R.S., President.
Proressor Georece Busk, F.R.S., Vice-President.
Masor-Gen. Henry Crerx, R.A., F.R.S.
Rosrert Drumuonp, Esq., Trea- surer.
Sr JosepH Farrer, K.C.S.1., F.R.S.
Joun P. Gasstor, Esq.
F. DuCanz Gopman, Esq.
Lr.-Cot, H. H. Gopwry-AvstEn.
Cot. J. Aveustus Grant, C.B., C.S8.1., F.B.S.
Artuur Grort, Esq., Vice-Pre- sident.
Dr. A. Ginrner, F.R.S., Vice- President.
Dr. Epwarp Hamttron, Vice- President.
Epuunpn W. Esq.
ProressoR Mrvart, F.R.S., Vice- President.
Proressor Newton, F.R.S., Vice- President. :
Heyry Portocr, Esq.
Tre Lorp Arraur Russett, M.P.
Lievr.-Con. Str Caries Ruvs- sELL, Bart., M.P.
USBERT SALvIn, Esq., F.R.S.
Paoie Lurney Scrater, Ksq., M.A., Pu.D., F.R.S., Secretary.
Tut Lorp WALSINGHAM.,
H. Hoxpsworts,
PRINCIPAL OFFICERS.
P. L. Scrater, Esq., Ph.D., F.R.S., Secretary. Proressor Garrop, F.R.S., Prosector.
Mx. A. D. Barrett, Superintendent of the Gardens. Mr. F. H. Waternovse, Librarian.
Mr. W. J. Wirt1ams, Chief Clerk,
LIST OF THE
CONTRIBUTORS,
With References to the several Articles contributed by each.
Aston, Epwarp R,, F.L.S., F.Z.8., &e. os On Female Deer with Antlers... 0... sess0s-0s0sise 05-296 On the Specific Identity of the British Martens........ 468 On the Acanthomys leucopus of Gray ..........-.06-. 645
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, some Burmese and Afghan Mammals collected by Mr. R. G. Wardlaw-Ramsay ...... 665
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a skull of Zapirus dowi. 666
On a Four-horned Chamois ................-00-+e00 802
Aneas, GrorcGE Frencu, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., C.M.Z.8., &e. Descriptions of ten new Species of 4zinea and Pectunculus in the collection of Mr. Sylvanus Hanley and the late Mr. Heeb. Payler.'= (Plate KONG Ve vieur . h itty o's aleuitientanas 417
On the Terrestrial Mollusca collected in Costa Rica by the late Dr. W. M. Gabb, with Descriptions of new Species.
(eS Oy en oe es gh Rorcpapared Yous ¢ epateed seaetnes 475 Descriptions of two new Species of Helix (Eurycratera) from S.E. Betsileo, Madagascar. (Plate LVII.) ........ 728
BartuetT, A. D., Superintendent of the Society’s Gardens.
Remarks upon the Habits and Change of Plumage of Humboldt’s Penguin...... wes ocke ¥e hoamaplgebimamink omit) 6
iv Page Bartiett, Epwarp, Curator of the Museum and Public Library, Maidstone.
Second List of Mammals and Birds collected by Mr. Thomas Waters in Madagascar. (Plate LXIII.).............. 767
Bett, F. Jerrrvy, B.A., F.Z.S., Magdalen College, Oxford, Zoological Department, British Museum.
Observations on the Characters of the Echinoidea.—I. On the Species of the Genus Brissus, and on the allied Forms Meomavand. Metalia.......: sv cs sac eke ce serh boxe pees seme
Note on the Number of Anal Plates in Hchinocidaris.... 436 Observations on the Characters of the Echinoidea.—IlI. On the Species of the Genus T’ripneustes, Agassiz. (Plate vA He hes PAPO OCOD OLD © OOM L TS Re Re ern 655 Beruerscu, Hans, Graf von, C.M.Z.S, Exhibition of, and remarks upon, two varieties of the Long-tailed Titmouse .........+. Spa Ae oer. $e Bock, Cart, F.G.S. &e. Letter from, addressed to the Secretary, containing remarks upon Capricornis sumatrensis .. 6s... cess renee eee ee 308 Bovcarp, Apo.rue, C.M.Z.S8. Descriptions of two supposed new Species of South- American Birds. ~ (Plate: AVL) eevece tee careers tem ee Browy, Rev. Grorce, C.M.Z.S. Letter from, addressed to the Secretary, concerning the range of the Mooruk ...........++.- wate aah paises. pia aleve br aed Butter, Artuur GARDINER, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Assistant Keeper, Zoological Department, British Museum.
On the Heterocera in the Collection of Lepidoptera from New Ireland obtained by the Rev. G. Brown........ «ove 160
v Page
On Arachnida from the Mascarene Islands and Mada- ascat yy Celate LEED) scat ct ME Eke bs wots teaile natdeiee) 729
CamBripGE, Rev. O. Pickarp, M.A., C.M.Z.S., Hon. Mem. New-Zealand Institute.
On a new Genus and Species of Spiders of the Family SU 0 oe Pc ee ee ae Bisictersiciietavece “ee
On some new and little-known Species of Araneidea, with Remarks on the Genus Gasteracantha. (Plates XXVI., 2s lag Rare St ocilenethicar SAE Saag ER rr RE alae oe 279
On some new and rare Spiders from New Zealand, with
Characters of four new Genera. (Plates LI. & LIII.).... 681
Cuark, J. W., F.Z.S.
Exhibition of a drawing of a species of Lagenorhynchus lately taken off: Hamseate . 06 <..0)2, 35 30.0 aed «eee ee yy OUI
Coutert, Rosert, C.M.Z.S8. On a new Fish of the Genus Lycodes from the Pacific .. 381
D’Avsertis, L. M., C.M.Z.S.
Exhibition of some new and rare Birds from the Fly RemeesONNEW CTU iach a 39k Baines Sin 'a 2 saps a aiaie)e «yee 218
Dau, W. H., Smithsonian Institution.
On the Use of the generic Name Gouldia in Zoology.... 131
Danrorp, C. G., F.Z.S.
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, some antlers of Deer Petite NEIOE Cee oy sie ai cjem ules lage) s > oe Sys eis, eae (ciel Day, Surgeon-Major Francis, F.Z.8. &e.
On the Identity of Trigla peeciloptera and 7’. hirundo. Ei ee REE sia tere. oe ee eg hos im eee ees 179
On the Fishes of Weston-super-Mare. (Plates LXI. & “ SCTIDS) Bite RR SS Ace, nee RES OE RRR AEN MP wecee 742
Page De Fourn, Marquis.
On the Mollusca of H.M.S. ‘ Challenger’ Expedition. — The Cecidz, comprising the genera Parastrophia, Watsonia, and Cecum. With a Prefatory Note by the Rev. Robert Boog Watson, B.A., F.B.S.E., F.L.S., &c. ............ 806
Distant, W. L.
On some African Species of the Lepidopterous Genus
Pigs CPUC AV Ele vale Parga alana tine, eae cas « pean 647 On some African Species of Lepidoptera belonging to the Subfamily Nymphaling. (Plate LIV.) ...............- 703
Dosson, G. E., M.A., M.B., F.L.S., &.
Notes on some Species of Chiroptera from Zanzibar, with Descriptions of New and Rare Species..........+.-+ +54. 715
Finscu, Orro, Ph.D., C.M.Z.S., &c., Director of the Bremen Museum. On a Collection of Birds made by Mr. Hiibner on Duke- of- York [sland and New Britain)... «cs. sis sere sl sie oe 9
Firower, Wittiam Henry, LL.D., F.R.S., F.L.S., President of the Society, Conservator of the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, and Hunterian Professor. On the Common Dolphin, Delphinus delphis, Linn.... .. 382 Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a drawing of Delphinus PURBED ihe He SG ete a wide ee Spa aTeKS. vs un Sida ele eee Exhibition of, and remarks upon, the skull of a female Oiarta (Otaria yillespit) i202). S222 os. A ae DO
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, the skull of a eae or White Whale (Delphinapterus leucas).. PI
On the Czecum of the Red Wolf (Canis a i Desm.
Forses, Henry O., F.Z.S.
Letters from, on the distribution of the Badger-headed Mydaus (Mydaus meliceps) in Sumatra ... ......02+--- 664
vii oe Forses, W1LL1AM ALEXANDER, F.Z.S. On the Systematic Position of the Genus Lathamus of eanaeanlgte OVE) ia. pind so chink ete eo lant . 166 A Synopsis of the Meliphagine Genus Pains with De- scriptions of two new Species. (Plates XXIV. & XXV.).. 256
On the Anatomy of the African Elephant (Elephas africa-
MAT AMIME Noe ee hin leo aes ai Sepa ikeracccars Sawaleede- te 420 Garrop, Atrrep Henry, B.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S., Fellow of St. John’s College, Cambridge, Prosector to the Society.
Notes on Points in the Anatomy of the Hoatzin (Opistho- comus cristatus)...... SEG AO a CRE UD ORICOEE ROC CIEE 109
Notes on the Visceral Anatomy of the Tupaia of Burmah PPuRNEIE HELIN ENS Yolen Smale wees cs stich ete a eel
Notes on the Anatomy of Helictis subaurantiaca. (Plate 2S NE Sy a ee eee ren 305
On the Conformation of the Thoracic Extremity of the
Trachea in the Class Aves.—Part I. The Galline ........ 354 Notes on the Anatomy of Gelada rueppelli. (Plate
PER KV ILL, )o ewitteurodt -fapeys eral siarughe wt pide Sith Gaal é ~ needs 451 Notice of a memoir on the brain and other parts of the
PMppapotamug: Fs ais". « sid visi dda nies widiavetmald oyeig gated 953
Note on the Mechanism of Respiration, as well as of the Retraction of the Head and Limbs, in certain Chelonia.... 649
GopMaAN, Freperick DuCang, F.L.S., F.Z.S. Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a drawing of the Manatee. 552
Gopman, Freperick DuCanrg, F.L.S., F.Z.S., and Satvin, OsBerT, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S.
Descriptions of new Species of Rhopalocera from Central and Sonu America, (Plate MEV:))> .c'.-.c0crecccses ss 150
On a Collection of Diurnal Lepidoptera made by the Rey. G. Brown in New Ireland and New Britain. (Plate XV.).. Notes on some hitherto unrecorded Diurnal Lepidoptera from Duke-of- York IXland, New Ireland, with Descriptions of some apparently new Species ............ rektarste eee 652
viii Page Gopwin-Avsten, Lieut.-Col. H. H., F.Z.S. Notes on, and Descriptions of, the Female of Ceriornis blythii. (Plate XXXIX.) ...... denarkisl te ese SOPs Note on the Female of Lophophora sclateri, Jerdon, from Wastern’ Assam \(Plate: LT:) 5 i. Duties 2 ee al
Gopwin-Avsten, Lieut.-Col. H. H., F.Z.S., and Nevr1, G.,
C.M.ZS. Descriptions of Shells from Perak and the Nicobar Islands. CE lak es TER irae was eves ce eynrete win terete Rafer aeoobra ici 734
Goopacrg, F. B., M.D., F.Z.S.
On the Question of the Identity of Species of the Common Domestic and the Chinese Goose... .... 1.6.0... 00 se cece 710
Green, Professor J. Reay, B.A., M.D., F.LS., F.Z.8., &. Note on a Specimen of Charybdea haplonema.........+- 793
Gintuer, Ausert, M.D., Ph.D., F.RS., F.Z.S., Keeper of the Zoological Department, British Museum.
List of the Mammals, Reptiles, and Batrachians sent by Mr. Everett from the Philippine Islands. (Plate IV.).... 74
On a new Rodent from Medellin. (Plate X.).......... 144
Description of four new Species of Chameleon from Mada- PRCA CE THUGS aa ET Es som eck te oe kere neces pe eae
Notice of a Collection of Mammals and Reptiles from Cypesoes Le oii sonw tl bie eb acer ike scien 741
HarrTiavs, Dr. G., F.M.Z.S.
On a new Species of Barn-Owl from the Island of Viti- Leer tae See es ae kee ae ee sie Oe atacand a etn ns Se
Hoskins, Commodore.
Letter from, concerning the northern limit of the“ Mooruk.” 4
Jackson, C. L. Exhibition of a skull of a female Sea-lion ( Otaria stelleri?). 460
ix
Page Jacosy, MARTIN. Descriptions of new Species of Coleoptera of the Family AEDs Ie Asha ied sso als ene ass slat Snare Satie lers «aie airiial's &)4, 439
Descriptions of new Species of Phytophagous Coleoptera. 773
Jerrreys, J. Gwyn, LL.D., F.R.S., F.Z.S.
On the Mollusca procured during the ‘ Lightning’ and a ad eae 1868-70 (Part II.) es XLYV., XLVI.) . Soret ay onthe asteldidetoss, 60,0 adv alee see Oe
Krerrt, GERRARD, C.M.Z.S. Notice of a supposed new Species of Bat from Queensland. 386
Layarp, E. L., C.M.G., F.Z.8., &c., H.B.M. Consul in New Caledonia.
Note on the Pachycephala icteroides of Peale, with Descrip- tions of a supposed new Species .. 2... csmecevensence ee 146
Letter from, containing remarks upon Mr. D. G. Elliot’s paper on the genus Ptilopus.............. Serer ets in mec OOO
Letter from, containing remarks upon the desirability of
the adoption by naturalists of a fixed scale of colour in de- Henbing ARIMA.’ «Fak cds 0 Sede BS ciglainteh oth Pas thee? 713
Lusomirsk1, Prince Lapiswas.
Notice sur quelques Coquilles du Pérou. (Plates LV. & DOW Mis As erdreiat aes Wega aee'e aie) ataceone| sass pV Wey wis S32 alas 719
Meyer, Dr. A. B., Director of the Royal Zoological Museum, Dresden, C.M.Z.S.
Letter from, concerning the locality of Cervus alfredi.... 666
Miers, Epwarp J., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Assistant in the Zoological Department, British Museum.
On a Collection of Crustacea made by Capt. H. C. St. John, R.N., in the Corean and Japanese Seas.—Part I. Podo- phthalmia. With an Appendix by Capt. H. C. St. John. (RUT IG bed 11 [IE ae A re ier ae iy aaporadts 18
x Page Mrvart, St. Grorer, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.Z.S., M.R.I., &.
Exhibition of a figure of a malformed Kestrel.......... 311
Moort, Freperic, F.Z.S., Assistant Curator, India Museum, London.
Descriptions of new Asiatic Diurnal Lepidoptera...... .. 136
Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Asiatic Lepido- ptera Heterocera. (Plates XXXII.-XXXIV.) .......... 387
Morris, Rev. F. O.
Exhibition of an example of Bombyx quercts with mal- ROVE NTCNTIES Ss 2c '0j0c ao 28 o's cee ai sisiaeia| a Shs s aa be.e Sin wae 145
Murte, James, M.D., F.LS., F.G.S., F.Z.S.
Notice of a memoir on the Manatee........ Sc Rh 2. a 552
Nevitt, G., C.M.Z.S., and Gopwin-AvusTeNn, Lieut.-Col. H. H., F.Z.S.
Descriptions of Shells from Perak and the Nicobar Islands. (Plates LIX. & LX.).......... S esere ak pis esos’ $3 pt
Newron, Aurrep, M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Professor of Zoolog and Comparative Anatomy in the University of Cam- bridge. Remarks on the occasion of the death of the late President. 1 Remarks upon the specimen of Alectoreenas nitidissima exhibited by Dr. Traquair Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a specimen of Sylvia ni-
soria belonging to Mr. John Robinson,............. eee Lalo
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, some bird-skins obtained by Mr. E. Newton, C.M.Z.S., in Jamaica .............. 552
Orttey, W., M.B., F.R.C.S., Demonstrator of Anatomy at University College, London.
On the Attachment of the Eye-Muscles in Mammals.—I. Qundrananaiteyehs oa seyacee eis ead a SSR EE eee ses cee 121
xi
Page A Description of the Vessels of the Neck and Head in the Ground-Hornbill (Bucorvus abyssinicus) .......... atten, S61 Owen, Prof. Richard, C.B., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., &e. Notice of a memoir on a large extinct Kangaroo of the genus Palorchestes .... .. ... Veena, a8 Parker, T. Jerrery, Assoc. R.S.M. Notice of a memoir on the intestinal spiral valve in the POMONA is :00S ed she Movida s coset . 764 Ramsay, R. G.Warp.aw, F.Z.S8., M.B.0.U., Lieutenant 67th Regiment. Description of a new Oriole from N.E. Borneo .. .. 709 Exhibition of, and observations upon, a specimen of Peri- crocotus flammeus in an abnormal state of plumage........ 765 RernuHArpt, J., F.M.Z.S. Extract of a letter from, on a new species of Curassow .. 108 St. Jonn, Caprarn H.C., R.N. See Miers, Epwarp J. Satvapor1, Count Tuomas, M.D., C.M.Z.S. A few Remarks on Mr. Elliot’s paper “On the Fruit- Pigeons of the Genus Palopus’? sal 2iy0< oon des void ade hwd 61 On Acomus inornatus, Salvad. (Plate XLVIII.) ...... 651 Savin, Ossert, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S. On some Birds transmitted from the Samoan Islands by Pipe Beet, SEOWEL ES ari aidan nici aris ois at ad ceiaia nue 128 Savin, Ossert, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S., and Gopman, FrrE- DERICK Du Cangz, F.LS., F.Z.S. Descriptions of new Species of Rhopalocera from Central minonin America, (Pilate KEV .) 0. «dice wcuee an cs shan 150
xii
On a Collection of Diurnal Lepidoptera made by the Rev.
Page
G. Brown, in New Ireland and New Britain. (Plate XV.) . 155
Notes on some hitherto unrecorded Diurnal Lepidoptera from Duke-of-York Island, New Ireland, with Descriptions of some apparently new Species
Satvin, Ossert, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S., and Sciater, P.L., M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S.
On the Birds collected by the late Mr. T. K. Salmon in the State of ie United States of Colombia. ee XLI-XLIII.) .
On the Birds collected in Bolivia a by M Mr. C. ee
Scuater, Puiuie Lutiey, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., Secretary to the Society. Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in December 1878 .... Appa rane angle Spot a Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in SAHOO Y W719 te as so)es 25 o.nl2s vie 'sa cielo 4 pete wells aga ociede Remarks upon, and supe of, Mitua salvini, the new Curassow ... a,c wis wes a le ee eo eee On the Breeding of the a Pheasant and other Phasia- nide in the Society’s Gardens. (Plates VII., VIII.).. Exhibition and description of a new Humming-bird, Thau- masius taczanowskii, from Northern Peru .............. Exhibition of a living Amphisbeenian from Monte Video. . Report on the additions to the Society's Menagerie in February 1879 ......cccsceccessccccerserescasevens Exhibition of, and remarks upon, two rare Fruit-Pigeons . Remarks upon the Japanese Deer (Cervus sika)........ Remarks on some Parrots living in the Society’s Gardens. (Platte ORV Te eo 2s ia miieia. 01> 6-24 mate, win ua wie 9 Wisin. «mia Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in Marelt 1879) sentra stata altainare't a: oc". pis <letanv ete Exhibition of the eggs collected by the naturalists of the ‘Challenger’ Expedition ........ Eis aaoe sone ore So ae
652
. 486
588
-«4,108
114
218 294
xill
Page Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in April 1879.. as Fe aa a's a9 slele tee mab ee) a. apntinc ol S84 Report on the dimensions and weights of the Indian Ele- PUAMES coho focus Bae aise ean eM at oh wintalc RGN ei core are 385
Remarks on the Zoological Gardens of Rotterdam, Am- sterdam, Cologne, Frankfort, and Antwerp.............. 438 On a Fourth Collection of Birds made a the Rey. G. Brown, C.M.Z.S., on Duke-of-York Island and its vicinity. (Plates XXXVI. & XXXVII.)........... tia eer Remarks on two volumes of ae drawings of the birds of India, by Brigadier-General A. C. M‘Master .. wees wate 400 Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a collection of birds from the Argentine Republic ........................ 460
Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in May 1879. (Plate XLIV.)........... Eats a eee nete. ae -- 550
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a skin of Ara glauca .. 551
Report on the additions to the al s bcs lie in June, July, August, and September 1879. . sieiekereys
Report on the additions to the Society’ s Menagerie in Omober 1579 mearae «ess cee Sir siaveety nia terest stan tee hs 713
Report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie in November 1879.. PA SRNETe aiclle Was abatsre deisel Sela barat 763
Exhibition ae and remarks upon, a small collection of birds from the island of Montserrat, West Indies ........ 764
Scuater, P. L., M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., and Sanvin, Ossert, M.A., F.R.S., F.Z.S. On the Birds collected by the late Mr. T. K. Salmon in the State of Antioquia, United States of Colombia. (Plates REEAALUE), See, Wale oe ules ek a chai tens!s alate SERMON 486
On the Birds collected in Bolivia by Mr. C. Buckley .... 588
Sersoum, Henry, F.Z.S. Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a collection of birds made by Captain the Hon. G. C. Napier in the valley of the BUIEERRTANEE > toa tut «tel Kunal d sancti ve 704
xiv Page On certain obscure Species of Siberian, Indian, and Chin ese Thrushes. (Plate LXIV.)i2 e225 vssew tea. sees deeds. 808
SHarps, R. Bownter, F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c., Senior Assistant, Zoological Department, British Museum.
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, a series of Bulwer’s Pheasants (Lobiophasis bulweri) from the Lawas river, N.W. IBOMNCON wis ere oie) s sinyeie sole sen5 5boC SoSewRo OW Oo A ete
A Note on Heliodilus soumagnii, Grandidier .......... 175
109
On a second Species of Drome@ocercus from Madagascar.. 177 On Collections of Birds from Kina Balu Mountain in North-western Borneo. (Plate XXIII.)............00-. 245 A Contribution to the Avifauna of the Sooloo Islands ., 311 A List of the Birds of Labuan Island and its Dependencies. (Pinte Ryo. Pras ocine + ydeaet eee oper bes Qatatee 317
Suaw, Grorce A. A few Notes upon four Species of Lemurs, specimens of which were brought alive to England in 1878. (Plate IX.),. 132
SHELLEY, Captain G. E., F.Z.S. On a Collection of Birds from the Comoro Islands...... «673 Descriptions of two new Species of African Birds. (Psi) oie ac ha crite gin einiccry: “ieubinrdininls tae Meas aye eee 679
Smiru, Encar A., F.Z.S., Zoological Department, British Museum. On a Collection of Mollusca from Japan, (Plates XIX.
Taczanowsk], L., C.M.Z.S. Liste des Oiseaux recueillis au Nord du Pérou par MM. Stolzmann et Jelski en 1878. (Plates XXI. & XXII.).... 220
Description d’un nouveau Synallaxe péruvien .......... 670 Description d’un nouveau Tyrannide péruvien.......... 670
Notice sur quelques Oiseaux du Turkestan ....... a. 5 Sena
XV Page TEeGETMEIER, W. B., F.Z.S
Exhibition of, and remarks upon, an abnormal antler of Beeuee UO cemmamna yy x, ante acaye eae ect ck 2 713
Traquair, R. H., M.D., F.G.S. Exhibition of a specimen of Alectorcenas nitidissina .... 2
TriIMEN, Rouanp, F.L.S., F.Z.S. Letter from, concerning Plectropterus i te OES 5
Tristram, Rey. H. B., F.R.S., C.M.Z.S. Description of a new Species of Woodpecker from the Island of Tzus Sima, near Japan. (Plate ROG oteee ces 386
TWEEDDALE, ARTHUR, Marquis of, F.R.S., President of the Society. Contributions to the Ornithology of the Philippines.—No. XII. On the Collection made by Mr. A. H. Everett in the Adinelot Basilpne 22): docs nenauene.. ee, 8 Moeulee. 68
Warp, Rowtanp. Exhibition of a head of a Chamois (Rupicapra tragus) Wat two pairs. df hymngo....... os a. cae bors lie coe on 666
Watson, Morrison, M.D., and Youne, Aurrep H., M.B., of The Owens College, Manchester.
On the Anatomy of Hyena crocuta (H. maculata). (Plates: Vad WI.) 6's :0:c0 eR enyS sv Raye Ry Ath As eee em ad + KO
Watson, Rev. Rosert Boos, B.A, F.BS.E., F.L.S., &. See Dr Four, Marquis.
Waitt, Rosert B., C.M.Z.S.
Letter from, containing remarks upon the habits of a species of Ant (Atta cephalotes) ...........002 0000.24. 718
Younec, Atrrep H., M.B., of The Owens College, Man- chester, and Watson, Morrison, M.D.
On the Anatomy of Hyena crocuta (H. maculata). DEEN ee Wile hie oats aciaic tae «slo a vie ie teenie we 79
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LIST OF PLATES.
1879. Plate L Page Il. | New Japanese Crustacea ..... alelete/s(sletatetsieletavecalstalirys 18 Til. IV. Dendrophis philippinensis ........00 aistalferatelerelereisuanue dt VL } Anatomy of Hyena crocuta..........ee000% Geary ae 79 WIE Arguswpaganiqus Spills. <2. soe casn's se og 6 woe a VIII. Eggs of :—fig. 1. Argus giganteus ; fig. 2. Polyplec- tron chinguis; fig. 3. Ceriornis temmincki; fig. 4. Le C. satyra; fig. 5. Crossoptilon mantchuricum .... UXSOR Chirogaleum silts tette es edo omic coatenine 6 cisco eiey 132 X. Thrinacodps Gibteauda .. is. aads cccincs veveceesccs 144 MODS Gamice Leora MUGIE RCs ro\sce ais o;sy0\0)s sis\ersie' a'e/ wieisi cis, oieialeieie XII. Fig. A. Chameleon brevicornis; fig. B. C. gularis .. 148 RIN, CHAM EICER QUOD EF Se views 5 160040 6 061s valerate daleaiee XIV. }New American Butterflies: )..2/.\nie.lensipciteee se oye we 150 XV. New Butterflies from Duke-of-York Group ........ 155 PROVIE, =m OLN CLURE OL LOL RAMUS” .. o> «e's sje sialswis oat a ave sans .. 166 MOVIN. 9 Charomacherts COronata’. ic cscs... 00 0 s'scr 0 0.8 #4 80,4100 178 OMIM. Arig la hirundo esis «a valee sve ciem sess, ce nOAGoC afefajenee ld) AX } Shells OLS APAM Telctalslataistaleicisi cis +)eie.o Soonnatac jeceejeie) AG MME Cyclorhts contrerast .....5 00 00esveces sev ole ene eee } 220 XXII. Pipreola lubomirskit .........445 mi etarohatofeliats So uoue RONGINIED Vanihocincla tregecherti...s.c-- ses sssaeeessvaes «6 .. 245 XXIV. Fig. 1. Myzomela chloroptera; fig. 2. M. rubrobrunnea; Meee le PEANUT TAME ars). 2a 5 salts sa a'cieo ule'e's Be 256 XXV. Fig. 1. Myzomela chermesina; fig. 2. M. sclateri .. otk } Gastersioaritlidersrtetseisels's1os) eerelein's! e)esiareiee 400 Coody XXVIII. Caica wanthomera ...... cee ccereseees Acne onobhd: ae XXIX. Helictis subaurantiacd ..cccsesveevenecevecenes .. 305 XXX. Fig. 1. Prionochilus everetti; fig. 2. P. obsoletus ..., 317
b
xviii Plate 4 Page XXXI. Dryocopus richardsi..sesssssscceecveceecesseeeees 386 XXXII. XXXIIL$ New Asiatic Lepidoptera ...ssseseesceeeeee cree eeee 387 XXXIV.
XXXV. New Species of Pectunculus and Avinea ....... 5 sa-vig l XXXVI. Graucalus sublineatus..........+. mleetataraye aisle XXXVII. Fig. 1. Myzomela cineracea; fig. 2. Donacicola spt 446 bilis; fig. 3. Manta fries. origina BQSObOC AgouoS XXXVIII. Brain of Gelada rueppelli........ Btela ere stele sass gee RIN a CBE GINES DINED araie cite is'c sen in Seis, im orae aie bine e > sapere XL. Land Shells from Costa Rica ..........eeeeeeeeeees 479 XLI. Cyphorinus dichrous ..0.00+.es+sercresnees ieee Sa Eggs of Antioquian Birds .........++ Ralererc soins wietorets ae0 MLIV. Nymphicusicornutus v0.6... sve dnc cess cess y se . 550 yer Mollusca of the ‘ Lightning’ and ‘ Porcupine’ Expe-| 553 XLVI. GiHONS ~. 6.000 SO EBOOY FO TROP DOUCET IO oo Fc XLVII. Papilio hornimani.......--. FRR SOA DE Com ee O09 GOT 647 XO Ville, cA COMmUsS ANOTNALUS |jone ciecieiale sss) avelns (6 ovale) oie /s eisptey oe «00 XLIX. Dentary-apparatus of Tripneustes ..........esees «+. 655 L. Chrysococcyx flavigularis ....... Biorb cere aig Grea Ore LI. Lophophorus sclateri Q ....sseeeseees 28 Sonein ce ». 681 aa New-Zealand Spiders .....0.ssccccceescesccencess 681 LIV. New African Lepidoptera...........s+see- 4 oremeees, AUB Lv1_{ New Shells from Peru .. SSO. ote mio Preosbace Aik LVII. New Helices from Madagascar........ sls) « quavaece wiehafe vie iGo LNVIII. New and Rare Arachnida ........+ecccrescnqsceseces (29 ee | New Land Shells ....sssscssesssseeeesseveesseres 734 XI. “Pleuronectes elongatus crisis «0's aati 50s 03 teeeeeee] 749 LXII. Fig. 1. Clupea pilchardus ; fig. 2. C. sprattus. ..s..I LXIIL. “Zapornia waterst .......000- 8.0, s.0eieie Matereuh's «pinpslaee 7 OY, LXIV. Turdus dissimilis .....0+0.2c0000 sialets)sfs/e[0 ». 803
LIST OF WOODCUTS.
1879.
Page Spheniscus humboldti (before moult) ............ aisle sisyumlebeicbste is 7 Spheniscus humboldti (after moult) ..........ccecuseeees So ocde . 8 mepmmiachnol PIYere COCULON ae. wk 3 os & «alansneninedas.cans salts, 82 Ceecum of Hyena crocuta ....... CORONERS DOIG OP EO Cn Gn oCL TR Hien eansl! Bier QE Eyer CrOCUNE ii cua c sc vans sccaume'uneaniaaaele Seo Meir Mees OF Eiri Cra Wet ia aaa 2. + +o 6. wa dang stesesccon Career 28), 38 Brain of Hyena crocuta (upper surface) .........e cece eee cia nl: Brain of Hyena crocuta (lateral view) ....cc0.e.eseeee eee SPU) Trachea of Opisthocomus (front View) ......ececu cee eee Soak oF 110 Trachea of Opisthocomus (back view)......0.cccccccuecccceuecs iia Diagram to show portion of Opisthocomus......ccecceecccevceas 114 RAE LUE TEU CT ce irate NR hawt 2p5'< Ae Sho’ a, <6) has, ccocaledal a, a, saooom Lee Leaf of plant showing nest of Friteia muelleri oo... cece cee cen ees 120 Diagram of the muscles in the human eye.......sseeeeeeees 122, 124 Diagram of the eye-muscles in the Rabbit .......... casteseee. 122 Diagram of the eye-muscles in Simia satyrus ...ccccccceeeeaces 124 Diagram of the eye-muscles in Macacus inwus .....cccccceecees » 125 Diagram of the eye-muscles in Mycetes seniculus ......ecccecunee 126 Diagram of the eye-muscles in Hapale penicillata..........0000e 1.126 Diagram of the eye-muscles of a Lemur ..........eeeceueeeeee 126 Diagram of the eye-muscles in Mycticebus.....000.ee00s Sho Sa0e6 127 Dentition of Thrinacodus albicauda..... cece cee eee etme .. 145 Head of Lathamus discolor «oo. c0%s cei dae alsd ena, saerns aris el GL Foot of Lathamus discolor ........ Se eatenevetatelhetsVohsferelals ecaaiafen a . 7d Head of Psephotus hematogaster .. oc. .ncevcccceucccvcecencs Seon pele Foot of Psephotus hematogaster ........ 5 ROOD OOM On Oeie Medan a el! Head of Trichoglossus concinnus .. cc... cc cccveuccueees Delareiieiily 171 Foot of Trichoglossus concinnus ......00 cece eens Fe Che One eae OLIVET Skull of female Roe-deer, with antlers ........0ccecvevececeues 297 Brain of Tupava belangeri; lateral aspect ....... 0. cece eee ee ees 303 Brain of Tupaia belangert ; superior aspect ....... cece cece ee ees 304
Brain of Tupaia belangert; mid longitudinal section .....,...... 304
xx
Page Brain of Helictis subaurantiaca ; superior aspect .....+. Fieteieleye sicrn OO Brain of Helictis subaurantiaca ; lateral aspect ..... enerstete GOODE 307 Tail of Cypselus infumatus cevvereveevnes AiR a SIO aD GORA 333 Tail of Cypselus low ..sscveveneues ete bro DEO sereuvan aes 333 Nest of Dendrochelidon comata ..ccsccvevvccrerereccrnrereces 334 “ Dakut,” or call used by the Khadyan natives ...... ese rraiets , 347 Trachea of Pavo spicifer oc cccccssvcerccccernccncnseersrcrse 355 Trachea of Caccabis chukar .....ssseeccceerecs Sugaue cunteate: 357 Trachea of Argus giganteus .....scceccecccscrcrcserssecsreces 358 Trachea of Lophortyx californicus ...+...eee ee erictiteleseisuere + oataeees 360 Trachea of Colurnix COMMUNIS ....csecerevcrecevscerosevvees 362 Trachea of Luploeamus albocristatus ...ccce cere eeecceennnneees 364 Trachea of Phastanus colchtcus.....sssccrvececercrceescreveces 365 Trachea of Thaumalea pictd.... ccs cvecvsereeerenereceeeerece 366 Trachea of Lagopus scoticus........ Ap aen nana utontnchamtacter 367 Miracle alot Mei AOuELr EL Grue eolel cle sie lates ely olshels| valerssleueiee= sis ar eep ait 369 Trachea of Tetrao wrogallus...... cine at sone ty erenetere Sickotaichabela ote 370 Trachea of Perdix cinerea ..... Soodeo nn 5G 3c Ab pbonomopoMants 371 Trachea of Ceriornis temmincki ..... raie nearer Sosa GigBOn so aro 373 Trachea of Crossoptilon mantchuricum weccevvsvceceecrrsevcees 374 Trachea’ of Nwmida cristata... cae vc vcccesetecocereseerosnne 375 Trachea of Meleagris gallopavd .....ccveccsecvencsccccsrteces 376 Trachea of Gallus bankiva vi... ccccccs crc ceeerececsecrsrevcs 378 Trachea of Aburria carunculata evs pecovetssscccesvercers 379 Trycodes pacificus Vivi sv een ae sincncverescrscesesecccsrecsece 381 Tongue of the African Elephant............... revels Ma lagers terriers 423 View of liver of Elephas indicus, from above... .sseseeseveeevees 426 View of liver of Elephas indicus, from below. .....0.00esereeeees 426 View of liver of Elephas africanus, from above... ..eesseeeeeeees 427 View of liver of Elephas africanus, from below ....++. eee eeeees 427 Larynx of African Elephant .........-.ccceeccssereceencenes 45 Uterus and vagina of African Hlephant............+eeseeseeees 433
Opening of urethra into the urino-genital canal of African Elephant 434 Plan of the innominate arteries and their branches in the Ground-
Talon slhge es gu egoacnteoebe ce Sune motonGamon pag bene Padnc 463 Plan of the arteries for the supply of the head and neck in the
(ChyeTrn(i Gl 8 lowe] Ml om apor domando cobaphoo somdby,craga ce ur 465 Plan of the internal carotid and its branches, with the arteries in the
orbit, in the Ground=Horn bills. vic tieiscissee siccticeecs ve so leele 467 Sihalll iro Giaag fica Hh on Abad ao cpio dino. oo ctcdsto oo aetpes i470 Sia ale WOT agen Dee Anh s one cogad ap Sonubod toado dado 4 471 Map showing Mr. Salmon’s collecting-stations in Antioquia ..... . 488 Drawing showing the mode in which the Beluga was caught .... 667 Posterior surface of skull of Beluga with dislocated atlas ........ 668 Czecum of the Red Wolf (Canis jubatus) ......eccce cece receees 766
Abnormal -‘hormsioh@haniois’-stte cet cose ce cele cietiee wacs slele secs 803
PROCEEDINGS
OF THE
SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS
OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON
FOR THE YEAR
1879.
(PLATES)
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY, AND SOLD AT THEIR HOUSE IN HANOVER SQUARE, LONDON:
MESSRS. LONGMANS, GREEN, READER, AND DYER PATERNOSTER ROW.
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LIST OF PLATES.
1879. Plate Fage r rf New Japanese Crustacea ............. sie wadidc 08 er 18 Ill. IV. Dendrophis philippinensis ...........000..00c00. 74 si } Anatomy of Hyena crocuta..........0.cccceceeee 79 VIL: Atgus giganteis’ S pill. os. ek ss cs cc eng te news VIII. Eggs of:—fig. 1. Argus giganteus ; fig. 2. Polyplec- 114 tron chinguis; fig. 3. Ceriornis temmincki; fig. 4. C. satyra; fig. 5. Crossoptilon mantchuricum ... DX. Cina Me ek eet oe eee oie es 132 Ki, Vhrinaosdus albtcaudaa oie iii oie idee ccc a 144 REL Chotmphenn nents. seco a> «) iss seid aha aais as.0'ecatere XII. Fig. A. Chameleon brevicornis; fiz. B. C. gularis .. $ 148 es CRMBICB ACA IODUL ET vay cscce vaca vg tia whie pase epee XIV. New American Butterflies... 0.5.0.0 0.0..c00ccsene 150 XV. New Butterflies from Duke-of-York Group ........ 155 PV Les SRP CUR ELE MECIRUININE. oo as 8 hess. vines eter» vio. xe aceegs 166 RVI, A ChirOmucharts CUTORALG . ssc. cio. eenvens ton. 178 A NALOU heey TOY CAM TOT Geena This eS OTRO AS See 179 ‘ie \ SHCHUStOL MADAM Generate seh ee hele Sensis an 181 XXI. Cyclorhis contrerasi mage aychsremdetenen= aislohe or syarko, Se aeone rons 1 920 ONSET Pep COl Gs TLDONU SIE arice, cron lne sista « eisyiis Gates 6:0Poko ernment PROUT ep LALO GAC LANE CACTI eae sore odellaper sist #0155 She: dye olar 3, c10"8 245 XXIV. Fig. 1. Myzomela chloroptera; fig. 2. M. rubrohrunnea; LSP M ALOU hINe— Wat. ales faust ekers a8 lee - 256 XXV. Fig. 1. Myzomela chermesina; fig. 2. M. sclateri .. | ei } (GasternCHnthidesce ajc qonet. cia lorecc)eueencnesedclonestene cl etiae 279 enV Catcarwanthomerd 2 So 0 sar cae . Nidls ots Meee ele 299 ENING) Hehichs GUOEUTOREACE -. «on els siyicie sare note a 305 XXX. Fig. 1. Prionochilus everetti; fig. 2. P. obsoletus .... 317
b
XVill
Plate Page XXXI. Dryocopus richardsi.. ccc. cseccsee cence ensceeeees 336 XXXII. XXXIII.> New Asiatic Lepidoptera ....... 04. see ee ee eee nee 387 XXXIV. XXXV. New Species of Pectunculus and Avinea ......++++++ 417 XXXVI. Graucalus sublineatus.... 0.6. ccc cree teen ence ceee XXXVI. Fig. 1. Myzomela cineracea; fig. 2. Donacicola specta- > 446 bilis; fig. 3. Munia forbesi..... sss. eee eee cee | XXXVIII. Brain of Gelada rueppelli.. . 1.60.4. eee eee es 451 KONONILINGS = OCH LONMES LY EMU ea cvecalnid ears intel areneoy (oh why eeuw\arel= aye nw 457 XL. Land Shells from Costa Rica ....... 2. see eee eens 475 XLI. Cyphorinus dichrous 10.006 cesses ee ee cent cece | a a Eggs of Antioquian Birds .........s0e-e ee sees ees | = SUGUINE NNO ie OMe EAE CO idronigew We aa uorinco sn iene 550 XLV. Mollusca of the ‘ Lightning’ and ‘ Poreupine ’ ial 553 XAT Valen (tte LLHONS) «2 Pasa to Be Sieve Jem wooeteponenonsayons. <ioione Oe ce NEVIL.- (Papilio horntianth« «5.00% 5 0:0j56 Mors webtecms 0G AEE «lee 647 XD Vilblee Acomustnonnatys. 535. ateiccc <4 <ugegeiel cio tials) hl Cee OO XLIX. Dentary apparatus of Tripneustes ...........-.s+.0- 655 L. Chrysococeya flaviqularis:..c . 3... tiginse eens ss oben 679 LI... Lophaphorus sctatert 9D ooo: s-.:. ioe! wialtyes v0.0.5 vie $38 aw OE iar | Néw-Zesland Spiders 6.060120. 0s i0kevcese ve 621 LIV. New African Lepidoptera’. . 2s cic e ciee: on ceieies «eis oe oe 703 an NewsShells from: Pera coe ee sen eee see nemevre tess oie 719 LVII. New Helices from Madagascar.........2-.sseees eee 728 TVA SING w ana ukvare Arachis 2 oyei yale. «(6s selalsteiapeielere < sierers 729 OUXS, GReraksand Nicobar Sheu sis. o. slic cate seta elton satay ge re eerNew: Peralkcy SMelis: 2 etter cesrets.s sus ste natal ese tie scs oases { 734 LXY. Pleuronectes elongatus . 00.0. v0cc cw trn sesame: 749 LXII. Fig. 1. Clupea pilchardus ; fig. 2. C. sprattus 9G TUL Zapornia Walerst, srerreiatets ele «'e\elnlas\s.=1-\airue “el Neeeielniele 767
TAXON ss Ter usGeSSvNtlas” Svave ava odes cite kaye dha /so0. ore ointiehe Ciieeens 803
PROCEEDINGS OF TIE
SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS
OF THE
ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.
: January 14, 1879. Prof. Newton, M.A., F.R.S., V.P., in the Chair.
The Chairman opened the proceedings of the meeting with the following remarks :—
* Before we proceed to this evening’s business, I think all present will deem it only fitting that your Chairman should say a few words in regard to the loss we have suffered by the death of our President since we last met. { am sure there was no Fellow of the Society who took a livelier or deeper interest in its welfare than did the late Lord Tweeddale ; and if proof of this assertion seem to any one wanting, I have but to refer to the facts that he was not merely content with giving us the countenance of his high social position, not merely content with presiding at our Council Meetings and discharging the formal duties of the office he bore amongst us, but that he actively participated in our scientific work, as witness the valuable and care- fully elaborated papers with which he from time to time enriched our publications, the last of which you will hear read tonight. I believe I amright in saying that since these Scientific Meetings were established, we have never had a President who was so well, so intimately, known to the majority of the Fellows who attend them, or one who was so competent to appreciate the papers read or the communications made at them; and this, I need not point out to you, has been of great benefit to us. Of Lord Tweeddale’s life and labours I shall say
Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1879, No. I. ]
2 PROF. NEWTON ON ALECTORGNAS NITIDISSIMA. [Jan, 14,
nothing. I hope they may be duly recounted by some one far more fitted than myself to do them justice ; but for my own part I wish to express an opinion, in which all present I think will join, that the active sympathy which our late President invariably exhibited, not only for those who busied themselves in that branch of study espe- cially affected by himself, but for all working zoologists, requires acknowledgment on the present occasion; and in these imperfect sentences I have endeavoured to give it utterance.”
The Secretary read the following report on the additions to the Society’s Menagerie during the month of December 1878.
The total number of registered additions to the Society’s Mena- gerie during the month of December was 80, of which 42 were by presentation, 33 by purchase, and 5 were received ou deposit. The total number of departures during the same period, by death and removals, was 111.
The most noticeable additions during the month of December were as follows :—
1. A dark-coloured Lemur new to the Society’s collection, which appears to be the Mayotte Lemur (Lemur mayottensis, Schl.).
2. A collection of Lemurs brought to England by Mr. George A. Shaw, who has been resident some years at Fianarantsda, in the province of Betsileo, in Central Madagascar, and acquired by the Society partly by purchase and partly by presentation. Amongst these are representatives of two species new to the Society’s col- lection—one being a Chirogaleus, and the other Microcebus smithi— besides an example of the little-known Hapalemur simus. Mr. Shaw has favoured me with some interesting notes upon these little-known animals, which will be read at a future meeting, when I hope to be able to give the exact name of the Chirogaleus, if deter- minable with our existing knowledge.
3. A female Punjaub Wild Sheep (Ovis cycloceros), presented by Col. W. R. Alexander, having been obtained in the hills between Upper Sind and Beloochistan.
Dr. Traquair exhibited a specimen of Alectorenas nitidissima, an extinct Pigeon of Mauritius, belonging to the Museum of Science and Art of Edinburgh.
Prof. Newtcn made the following remarks upon this specimen :—
“Dr. Traquair deserves the best thanks of those present for having been at the trouble of bringing to London and exhibiting here the specimen of Alectorenas nitidissima now on the table. It had been believed that but two skins of this species existed—one in the Museum at Paris, the other in that of Port Louis, the capital of Mauritius. It was therefore with extreme pleasure that, on the 26th of Septem- ber last, when Dr. Traquair was kindly showing me over the Museum of Science and Art in Edinburgh, I recognized in one of the cases the third example, now before you.
«The true history of this beautiful and ill-fated species may be told in a very few words. It would take a long time to recount and re-
1879.] PROF. NEWTON ON ALECTORGNAS NITIDISSIMA,. 3
fute the numerous fictions that have been heaped upon the only available facts. The bird was sufficiently well described and figured by Sonnerat in his ‘ Voyage aux Indes orientales’ (ii. p. 175, pl. 101) as coming from the Ile de France, and was named by him the Pigeon hollandais—a name given, I suspect, not so much from the former inhabitants of the island, as from its plumage exhibiting the colours of the Dutch flag (red, blue, and white). Two examples obtained by him found their way to the Museum of Paris, where Temminck (Hist. Pig. ed. 2, i. p. 50, pl. 19) seems to have seen them at the begin- ning of the present century, their plumage very much the worse, he says, for the fumes (of sulphuric acid, as M. Alphonse Milne- Edwards informs me) to which they had been exposed. In 1790, Bonnaterre, describing the species afresh, but apparently from the same specimens, said of it (Encyel. Méth. p. 233), and probably with truth :—‘ On le trouve frequemment 4 Vile de France.’ In or about 1816 the University of Edinburgh became possessed of what has long been known as the ‘ Dufresne Collection,’ from the French naturalist of that name, who was originally (as I learn from M. A. Milne-Edwards) a dealer in Natural-History specimens, and had also been for some time Conservator of the Cabinet of Natural History belonging to the Empress Joséphine, but in 1815 or the following year entered the Museum of Paris as Aide-Naturaliste. In which capacity it was that he parted with the collection obtained by the University of Edinburgh [ cannot say ; but that collection contained the specimen of this Pigeon, now before you, as the label affixed to it shows'; and it remained the property of the University until a few years ago, when it was transferred to the newly established Museum of Science and Art at Edinburgh. This brings me to the end of my facts.
“It is a very unpleasmg task to expose the blunders of other naturalists ; but I am sorry to say that few authors subsequent to Sonnerat and Bonnaterre have referred to this species without making some mistake about it. In one very conspicuous case this mistake ean scarcely have been otherwise than intentional. The misstate- ments of Le Vaillant are notorious; but I do not know a more un- blushing instance of his mendacity than his circumstantial account of the Ramier herissé, as he called this species (Ois. d’ Afr. vi. p. 74). It naturally misled all succeeding authors, until his assertions respecting this bird were concisely summed up by Sundevall (Krit. Framstalln. p- 53) in the sentence ‘quae omnia inter fabulas numeranda sunt.’ But Sundevall did not seem to have suspected that the species was extinct; nor perhaps had auy one else, until Mr. Edward Newton, during his residence in Mauritius between 1859 and 1578, became convinced that such was the case. He indeed once hoped (Ibis, 1861, p. 277) that he had heard of it; but further inquiry proved the bird meant by his informant to be Trocaza meyeri ; and the only trace of
‘ “The inscription, as I copied it at the time, ran :— ‘The Hackled Pigeon. Ptilinopus nitidissimus, Scop. sp. Locality Isle of France. Columba Francie Dufresne.’ On the bottom of the stand was written, ‘R-d Hackled Pigeon, 219, Columba Francia Linn.’ ”
HE
4 COMMODORE HOSKINS ON THE “MOORUK.” [Jan. 14,
its former existence in the island that he met with was the stuffed skin which, as I have already said, is in the Museum there.
« Coming to later authors, Mr. G. R. Gray, who, in 1840, had proposed (List Gen. B. p. 58) the generic separation of this pigeon from others of the family under the name of Alectrenas (which, as Agassiz subsequently pointed out, should be written Alectorcenas), in 1855 marked it as represented in the British Museum (Cat. Gen. B. p. 97); and so it appeared in his ‘ Hand-list’ (ii. p. 228); but I have nct been able to find that the British Museum ever possessed a specimen, and no mention is made of it in his ‘ List of Specimens’ of Columbe of 1856. In 1868 MM. Pollen and Van Dam entered this species (Rech. Faune de Madag. p. 159) as belonging to Mada- gascar alone, without even giving it a place in the Mauritian list ; and in 1877 Dr. Hartlaub, in his most recent work (Vog. Madag. u. s. w. p. 264), though his other statements are right enough, was misled into the error of saying that ‘ Fossile Reste dieser Art sam- melte Herr Henry H. Slater.’
« Allied to Alectorcenas nitidissima are three species which still survive and are natives of Madagascar, the Comoros, and the Seychelles. All have been treated by Dr. Hartlaub as congeneric; and they will probably stand as 4. madagascariensis (Linn.), d. eganzini (Verr.), and A. pulcherrima (Scop.). It is possible that Rodriguez once possessed another member of the group, the Columba rodericana of M. A. Milne-Edwards; but we have not received sufficient remains of that species (which is certainly extinct) to decide the point, and the older yoyagers give us no help here as they do in so many other cases. I shall not trouble you with commenting on the nomenclature of any of these species. That which is the subject of my remarks has had a sufficient number of useless synonyms applied to it ; but on the whole they have all been fortunate, and there is no difficulty in determining the names they should bear, though both the generic and specific appellation of Alectoreenas nitidissima were conferred by writers who had never set eyes on a specimen.
«To conclude, I may state (1) that there is no trustworthy evidence of Alectorenas nitidissima having inhabited any other locality than Mauritius, to which it was therefore in all probability peculiar, (2) that it is now wholly extinct, and (3) that remains of only three speci- mens are known to have been preserved.”
The following extract was read from a letter addressed by Commo- dore Hoskins, of H.M.S. ‘ Wolverine,’ dated Sydney, Oct. 9, 1878, to Capt. Evans, C.B., Hydrographer to the Admiralty :—
“Tt is some time since you asked me to obtain for Mr. Sclater of the Zoological Society information as to the northern limit of the ‘Mooruk,’ and whether it is found in New Ireland.
“JT instructed Lieut. Horne, commanding the ‘ Sandfly,’ to do all in his power to solve the point ; and I have just heard from him at Bris- bane (which he reached on his way down from the islands) that, having taken Mr. Brown, the Wesleyan Missionary, and some native interpreters on board in Blanche Bay, he proceeded to visit the
1879. ] MR. R. TRIMEN ON PLECTROPTERUS NIGER. 5
whole of the south coast of New Ireland, communicating constantly with the natives and anchoring in many of the bays, and that no- where could he find any traces of the bird or learn that it exists. On the contrary, the natives seemed quite ignorant of all that concerns it, and offered to buy some eggs, which had been brought from New Britain in order to facilitate inquiries on the subject.
““P.S. Mr. Brown says the native name in New Britain is Moorup not Mooruk.”
The following extract was read from a letter addressed to the Secretary by the Rev. G. Brown, C.M.Z.S., dated Port Hunter, Duke-of-York group, Sept. 7, 1878 :—
“About three weeks ago H.M.S. ‘ Sandfly,’ Capt. A. G. Horne, arrived here on her way to the extreme end of New Ireland. Capt. Horne told me that he had instructions from the Commodore to in- quire as to whether the ‘Moorup”! was found on New Ireland or not. He asked me about it; and I told him that, so far as we knew, it was not found on any part of the west coast, but that we knew little or nothing of the east side of the island. Capt. Horne very kindly asked me to accompany them on their cruise; and as I was not at all well, and as I also wished very much to examine the coast further north, I very gladly accepted his offer. We were away about twelve days from here, and went as far as the north end of Sand- wich Island, but did not reach New Hanover; nor did we visit the east coast of New Ireland at all. We anchored at Wood Harbour, on the mainland opposite Sandwich Island. We saw no traces of the Moorup—neither eggs, feathers, nor bones, all of which are used by the natives of New Britain—the feathers for head-dresses, and the bones for the ends of their spears. Of these we saw no signs, how- ever, in New Ireland. We had a Moorup’s egg with us, and showed it everywhere ; but no one seemed to recognize it. I think we may be very certain that neither the Moorup nor the Cockatoo are found on New Ireland. ‘There is much more open country on the east side of the island; but all the natives assure us that they are not found there either.”
The Secretary read the following extract from a letter addressed to him by Mr. R. Trimen, F.Z.S., dated South-African Museum, Cape Town, 25th Sept. 1878:—
“« With respect to your Plectropterus niger’, I have ascertained that all the four specimens were brought down from Zanzibar by Capt. Garrett, of the mail-steamer ‘ Kafir.”. Two were given to General Sir A. Cunynghame, who afterwards sent them to the Society, and the other two to Mr. W. G. Brounger. One of the latter two, while on Mr. Brounger’s farm at Constantia, was shot ; and the survivor sub- sequently disappeared, Mr. Brounger believing that it flew away,
The following papers were read :—
1 Casuarius bennetti, see above.—P. L. S. 2 See figure and description, P. Z. 8. 187
J ‘y
p. 47, pl. vii.
6 MR. A. D. BARTLETT ON HUMBOLDT’S PENGUIN. {[Jan. 14,
1. Remarks upon the Habits and Change of Plumage of Humboldt’s Penguin. By A. D. Barrierr, Superin- tendent of the Society’s Gardens.
[Received November 13, 1878.]
On the 24th of January, 1878, a specimen of Humboldt’s Penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) was purchased from a dealer in Liverpool. The bird was in poor condition when received, and very dirty, but perfectly tame, following one about, and seeming pleased to be taken on the lap and nursed like an infant. At first it required to be fed by hand ; for if its food was placed on the ground the bird took no notice of it, although hungry. After a few days, if living fishes were thrown to it and the bird saw them jumping about on the floor, it began to pick up the fishes and swallow them. From this and from the colour and condition of its plumage, I have no doubt that the bird had been reared from the nest, and had never previously fed itself.
It was some days before the Penguin ventured into the water ; but after the first wash the bird rapidly improved: the feathers became clean ; its appetite increased ; and it passed much time in the water, evidently gaining strength and weight. About this time it frequently uttered its loud braying jackass-like notes, and became fat and in full vigour. Figure 1 (p. 7) gives a very faithful representation of the bird at this time. Abont the 22nd of February, the bird appeared dull, and with half-closed eyes moped about: it became ill-tempered and spiteful, bit at any one who offered to touch it, and avoided going into the water. The bird looked larger than before, its feathers standing out from its body during this condition; but its appetite continued good, and it fed as freely as usual.
In a few days the feathers began to fall off from all parts of the bird, not, as birds usually moult, a few feathers at a time, but in large quantities: for instance, the bird generally remained stationary during the night, and in the morning there was left round it a circle of cast feathers that had been shed during the night. So rapidly did the process of moulting go on, that by the 7th of March the bird had entirely renewed its plumage, and appeared in the adult dress, as represented in figure 2 (p.8). The manner in which the flipper-like wings cast off the short scale-like feathers was remarkable: they flaked off like the shedding of the skin of a serpent ; the new feathers being already plainly visible, the old feathers were pushed off by the new ones; this was very clearly noticeable, as many of the old feathers could be seen still attached to the tips of the new feathers, so that the bird was entirely covered with its new plumage before the old feathers dropped off. The bird had by these means entirely changed its dress and appearance in certainly less than ten days. It looked thinner on account of the shortness of its new feathers, aud doubtless from a decrease in bulk, consequent upon the rapid deve-
PENGUIN,
s
MR. A. D. BARTLETT ON HUMBOLDT
1879. |
Spheniscus humboldti (before moult).
5 MR. A. D, BARTLETT ON HUMBOLDT’S PENGUIN. [Jan. 14,
Spheniscus humboldti (after moult),
1879.] ON BIRDS FROM DUKE-OF-YORK ISLAND. 9
lopement of the entire plumage. The bird avoided the water for a few days before it began to moult, and also after it had renewed its feathers ; it soon, however, became lively, its eyes assumed their usual form and brightness, it took freely to the water, in which it passed the greater part of the day. Its movements in the water when swimming, diving, and pursuing fish were most extraordinary ; it seemed, as it were, to fly under water, using its flipper-like wings after the fashion of a Seal.
The Penguin appears so much at home in the water, so perfectly adapted to an aquatic life, that one would conclude that, but for the necessity of breeding and moulting, this bird would be far more at home on the ocean than in passing even a short period on land, being so ill-adapted in form for travelling on shore.
2. On a Collection of Birds made by Mr. Hiitbner on Duke-of- York Island and New Britain. By Orvo Finscu, Ph.D. C.M.Z.S.
[Received November 20, 1878.]
From the Museum Godeffroy at Hamburg I have received a col- lection of the birds of Duke-of-York Island and the adjoining parts of New Britain, sent over by Mr. Hiibner. Although through the zealous efforts of the Rev. George Brown, we are pretty well acquainted with the fauna of Duke-of-York Island, especially with its ornithology, on which Dr. Sclater has published some valuable papers, I think the following paper will form a not uninteresting con- tribution to our knowledge.
The present collection contains 52 species from Duke-of-York Island, and 7 from New Britain, 14 being new to the former group, namely Haliaétus leucogaster, Hirundo javanica, Cuculus ecanorus, Scythrops nove-hollandic, Macropygia doreya, Strepsilas interpres, Esacus magnirostris, Sterna bergii, St. longipennis, Procellaria neglecta, Pr. leucoptera, Puffinus leucomelas, P. tenuirostris, and Dysporus sula.
Except the native names, Mr. Hiibner has given me no notices ; I therefore can only copy these, reminding you that the pronunciation of them is according to the German langwage.
From Duke-of-York Island.
1. PANDION LEUCOCEPHALUS, Gould.
P. haliaétus, Sel. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1877, p. 108.
Native name T'eringau, Hubner.
Male and female of this apparently constantly smaller species or race of our common Osprey. = ! “On the Birds collected by Mr. George Brown on the Duke-of-York Island,
and on the adjoining parts of New Ireland and New Britain,” P. Z. 8. 1877, pp. 96-114; on a second collection, ib. 1878 p. 289; and ona third, ib., p. 670.
10 DR. 0. FINSCH ON BIRDS FROM [ Jan. 14,
2. HauiaiTus LevcoGasrer (Gm.).
Native name Manigulai, Hiibner.
One male. This widely distributed species is not mentioned in Dr. Sclater’s list of the birds of Duke-of-York Island.
3. HALiasTuR GIRRENERA (Vieill.); Sclat. 7. c. p. 109.
Native name Bakubukup ; iris brown ; feeds on lizards, Hubner.
Two old birds (male and female) and a young one.
4. DENDROCHELIDON MysTACEA (Less.); Sel. /. ¢. p. 105.
Native name Wetin, Hubner.
Male and female.
5. Hirunpo sAvanica, Sparrm.
Native name Pinipinagra, Hiibner.
One male. It agrees well with a Javan specimen; but the under- parts are of a little darker brownish, and the outermost tail-feather shows only a pale indication of the white cross band on the inner web, so well marked in the Javan bird,
6. Eurysromus crassrrostris, Scl. J. c. p. 106.
Native name Kalangbabareta, Hiibner.
One specimen (female).
7. ALcepo moxuccensts, Bl. ; Sel. /. ¢. p. 105.
Native name Nangia, Hiibner.
One old and one young bird.
8. Hatcyon sanctus, Vig. & Horsf. ; Sel. d. e. p. 108.
Native name Ganare, Hiibner.
Male and female.
9. Hatcyon sauropHacus, Gould.
H. albicilia, Scl. 1. c. p. 105.
Native name Kenetam, Hiibner.
One female, with white head and underparts, like the male.
10. TANYSIPTERA NIGRICEPS, Scl. Zc. p. 105.
Native name Loklakaulia, Hiibner.
One specimen corresponding exactly with Dr. Sclater’s description.
11. Merrors ornatus, Lath. ; Sel. 7. ¢. p. 105.
One specimen.
12. Necrarinya aspasta, Less.; Scl. Zc. p. 102.
Native name Na/ange, Hiibner.
Two old males; the crown of one of a golden green, of the other more steel-green, and nearly the same as the metallic-green of the rump; one shows some pale yellow feathers on the yent, no doubt remnants of the young plumage; and one female.
1879. | DUKE-OF-YORK ISLAND AND NEW BRITAIN. 1]
13. NecTariniA FRENATA, S. Miill.; Sel. 2. e. p. 103.
Native name Nalange-labuan, Hiibner. One male.
14, PHILEMON COCKERELLI, Scl.; Sel. /. c. p. 104.
Native name Garuk, Hiibner. Male and female, exactly alike, of this excellent new species.
15. Monarcua Avecto, Temm. ; Scl. /.c. p. 100. Piezorhynchus rufolateralis, Gray, 2 .
Native name Nolor (¢ and 2), Hiibner.
One male and two females, exactly like specimens from Halmahera
(Gilolo).
16. Rurerpura Tricoxor, Vieill. Sauloprocta melaleuca, Quoy, Scl. l.c. p. 99. Native name Napali, Hiibner.
Male and female alike, exactly agreeing with specimens from Mysol and Aru.
17. Rutprpura serosa, Quoy et Gaim.; Sel. J. ¢. p. 99.
Native name Torotorotumbuan, Hiibner. Male and female.
18. Lavace Karu, Less.; Sel. /. ec. p. 101.
Native name Nakior, Hubner.
Male and female. The male has the upper portion of the ramp pure white, the lower portion black with greyish-white tips, giving a wavy appearance ; the upper tail-coverts are brownish grey. The female has the upper parts, including the ramp, umber-brown instead of black ; the rufous tinge on the vent and lower tail-coverts is paler.
19. CaLornis nitTipa, Gray ; Scl. /. ce. p. 104.
C.. viridescens, Gray, P.Z.S. 1858, p. 181.
Native name Nallowut, Hiibner.
Male and female, both exactly alike, and one young male, with plumage beneath furnished with dark longitudinal stripes.
In size and coloration (distribution and lustre of the green and viclet-purplish), I see not the slightest difference in specimens from New Guinea (Dorey).
Al. Caud. Rostr.
in, in, lin. lin.
4 yal 7 ¢ ad., Duke of York. 4 3 dl 7 Bs Dorey.
20. NasirerNa pusro, Scl.; Scl. /. ¢. p. 108.
Native name Pinipinatan, Hibner. Male and female, exactly alike.
12 DR. O. FINSCH ON BIRDS FROM [ Jan. 14,
21. Prontas cyAnicers (Puch.).
Geoffroius cyaniceps, Scl. 1. c. p. 107, et 1878, p. 672.
Native name Binzdiu, Wiibner.
One male, but no doubt a young one, as the head is still green and has no blue collar. I took this distinct species formerly for the female of P. heteroclitus, Hombr.
22. Eciecrus potycaorus, Scop.; Sel. Z. c. p. 106.
E. linnei, Wagl. (2).
Native name Kalangi, Hiibner.
Three green males, agreeing exactly with specimens from Gilolo, wings 9 to 93 inches, and two red females, wings 8! 6!" to 8! 8!” (also called Kalangi by the natives), exactly agreeing with the so-called H. linnei, Wagl.
As Mr. Hiibner apparently has sexed the specimens himself, his collection gives new evidence that Dr. Meyer was right in declaring the red ones to be the females of the green.
23. TRICHOGLOSSUS SUBPLACENS, Scl.; Sel. l.¢. p. 108.
Native name Nedir, Hiibner. Two males and one female, agreeing exactly with Dr. Sclater’s oe 3} 5 J description.
24. Cucutus canorus, L.
One specimen, in size, colour, and markings exactly agreeing with specimens from Germany.
25. Cucu.us tnsperAtus, Gould; Sel. Zc. p. 106.
C. sonnerati (pt.), Schl.
Native name Neviu, Hiibner.
One male specimen, agreeing with Javan specimens, but breast
and vent washed only very faintly with rufous, and larger. Wings Al gi, tail 4il git,
26. Euvpynamis pricata, 8S. Miill.; Sel. 7. ¢. p. 106.
Native name, male, Bekebake; female, Avarik, Hiibner.
Male and female.
After what the Marquis of Tweeddale has said (Ibis, 1869, p. 342) on the difficulties of making out what is the true “ picata”’ of Solomon Miller, I follow in the determination of this species Dr. Sclater, leaving it aside whether this Koel must bear Miiller’s name or that of rufiventris, Less.
The male, altogether black, with blue lustre, agrees perfectly with Australian ones (7. cyanocephela), but is smaller; the female differs totally from the New-Holland one, and comes nearest to E. malayana, Cab., from Java. On a black-greenish shining ground-colour, the upper parts are streaked longitudinally on the head, spotted on back and wing-coverts, and barred on wings and tail with rusty brown; chin and throat are black, spotted thickly with rusty ; on the gape a white longitudinal stripe; underparts of
1879.] DUKE-OF-YORK ISLAND AND NEW BRITAIN, 13
a whitish-rusty ground-colour, more tinged with rusty on the lower throat and under tail-coverts, with distinct black cross bands much narrower than the white interspaces. Bill in both sexes greyish horn- yellow, with base of upper jaw dark.
27. SCYTHROPS NOVH-HOLLANDIA#, Lath.
Native name Guloko, Hiibner. Male and female. Not recorded by Dr. Sclater.
28. CEDIRHINUS INSOLITUS, Schleg.; Sel. J. c. p. 110:
Gidirhinus globifer, Cab. et Rehnw. Journ. f. Ornithol. 1877, tab. iv.
Native name Tamdbun, Hiibner.
Male and female of this remarkable Pigeon, both alike, and with the curious Carpophaga-like knob on front; the male has the chin tinged faintly with bluish green.
29. CARPOPHAGA RHODINOLAMA, Scl.* (7)
Native name Gurekambu, Hiibner,
Male and female, precisely alike.
Dr. Sclater enumerates from Duke-of-York Island C. van-wyckii, Cass. The only description of it (Proc. Acad. Sci. Philad. xiy. 1862, p. 320) I cannot refer to, this periodical being wanting in our library. In leaving it open whether the specimens before me belong to this species or not, I find, however, that they agree very well with the above-named species, originally described by Dr. Sclater from the Admiralty Islands (P.Z.S. 1877, p. 555). " The Specimens are mostly near allied to C. pacifica ; but the head, neck, and underparts are grey, only the sides of head, chin, and throat washed with rosy or vinous ; a ring round the eye white, as pointed out in Dr. Sclater’s description. Wings in male 9" 5!", in female 8!’ 9!",
30. CarporHaGa RUBRICERA, Bp.; Scl. J. ¢. p. 109.
Native name Guré, Hiibner. Male and female; both alike.
31. Macropyera poreya, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 57.
?M. carteretia, Scl. l.c. p. 111.
Native name Zokuo, Hiibner.
One old male, in bad condition, which I refer to this dark-billed species, and not to W. carteretia, Bp., as in that the bill is said to be yellow. J. nigrirostris, Salvad., which Dr. Sclater also enumerates among the birds of Duke-of-York Island, seems, according to his measurements, considerably smaller.
32. CHALCOPHAPS STEPHANI, Puch.; Scl. /.¢. p. 111.
Native name Nauvat, Hiibner. Male and female, differing as noticed by Dr. Selater.
* See remarks by Mr. Sclater, March 4th, infra.
14 DR. O. FINSCH ON BIRDS FROM (Jan. 14,
33. Cauanas nicosBarica, L.; Scl. d.c. p. 112.
Native name Parreparre, Hubner. Male and female, agreeing with specimens from the Moluccas.
34. Mecaropius eremira, Hartl. P. Z.S. 1867, p. 830 (Kehi- quier Islands).
M. hueskeri, Cab. et Rehnw. Journ. f. Orn. 1876, p. 326 (New Hanover) ; Scl. d.¢. p. 113 (Duke-of-York Island).
M., rubrifrons, Scl. P. Z.S. 1877, p. 556 (Admiralty Islands).
Native name Aakiau, Hiibner.
Male and female in size and coloration alike. Wings 8" 6!". In dried skins: tarsus brownish (in the female more yellowish brown towards the knee) ; toes and nails brownish black.
Dr. Salvadori, to whom I forwarded the type specimen from the Museum Godeffroy for comparison, pronounces (in lidt.) the three species referred to above undoubtedly inseparable from each other, and identical with Hartlaub’s type from Echiquier Islands.
35. Arpea sacra, Gmel.; Scl. d.e. p. 112. Native name Améar, Hiibner.
One female, in slate-black plumage.
36. ARDEA FLAvICOLLIS, Lath.; Scl. l. ¢. p. 113.
Native names, male Nakak, female Ambar, young Kakuk, Hiibner.
Old male, female, and young bird. ‘Lhe old male agrees perfectly with a Malaccan one. Wings 8"; female, wings 7! 8!".
I do not think that a specific separation of the Australian A. gouldi, Bp., on account of the larger size, is exactly to be relied upon.
37. Nycricorax CALEDoNICcUus, Gmel.; Sel. 7. e. 1878, p. 673. Native name Anglema, Hiibner.
Two males ; wings 9! 9!"
38. SrREPSILAS INTERPRES, L.
Native name dulie, Hubner.
One specimen.
39. Esacus mMaGnirostris, Geoff.
Native name Aalabibil, Hiibner.
One male. New for this locality.
40. Cuaraprius ruLvus, Gmel.; Sel. 7c. p. 113.
Native name Natewabun, Hiibner. Two specimens; one with the underparts black intermixed with some white feathers.
41. NuMENrus uropyeiALis, Gould; Scl. /. e. p. 113.
Native name Kakang, Hubner. Male and female. All the Eastern specimens have the rump strongly barred, and apparently deserve specific separation.
1879. ] DUKE-OF-YORK ISLAND AND NEW BRITAIN. 15
42. Acritis 1ncANnA (Gmel.) ; Sel. /. ce. p. 115.
Native name Fuvik, Hubner. One specimen.
43. Acriris HypPoLEUCA (L.); Sel. /. c. p. 113.
Native name Fuvia, Hiibner. Two specimens.
44, Sterna Bere, Licht.
Native name Aururepika, Hiibner. One specimen, a not full-grown fledgling.
45. STERNA LONGIPENNIS, Nordm.
Native name Ganaibowo, Hibuer. Two old males, agreeing in every respect with Baikal specimens.
46. Srerna FuLicinosa, Gmel. ; Sel. /. ¢. p. 113.
Native name Ganaiboro, Hiibnuer. One young bird.
47. Anous srouipus (L.) ; Sel. d.¢. p. 113.
Native name Ganaiboro, Hiibner. One old specimen.
48. PrRoceLLariA NEGLECTA, Schleg. Mus. P.-B. Procell. p. 10.
Native name Ururu, Hiibner.
One specimen.
Mr. Salvin, to whom I sent the specimen for comparison, kindly writes to me :—‘‘ Compared with a specimen of Procellaria neglecta, Schl., in my collection from the Kermadec Islands, the head is a little lighter ; and it has rather more white on the base of the wing- feathers than a specimen from the same collection as the type of P. neglecta, Schl. The bill slightly longer. Not otherwise different in my opinion.”
As the white basal portion of the plumage, so conspicuous chiefly on the inner web of wings, is not mentioned by Prof. Schlegel, and on account of the rarity of this species, I think it better to give a full description.
In form this species, with its stout bill, seems nearest allied to P. Suliginosa, Kuhi. On account of the mottled appearance the spe- cimen looks like an immature bird; and the suggestion may be allowed that the old bird will have the head, neck, and underparts uniform white.
Head, neck, and under surface white, nearly all the feathers washed at the tips with pale brownish, giving the head above, the neck, and the sides of the body 2 pale brown wash ; front, sides of head, throat, and middle of the underparts more pure and uniform white ; under tail-coverts brown, with white basal portion; back, shoulders, wing-coverts, and remainder of upper parts dark brown, each feather white at the basal half, some of the shoulder- and smaller wing-
16 DR. O. FINSCH ON BIRDS FROM [Jan. 14,
coverts worn off at the tips, and therefore with paler margins ; wings dark brown, like the back, over the greater portion of the inner web pure white ; shafts, to about the apical third, also white ; wings from below white, tipped with brown, as are the under wing-coverts ; tail- feathers dark brown, the basal portion of the inner web white ; bill black ; feet pale, the toes and webs black to about the apical third.
Rostr. Long. tot. Al. Caud. culm. alt. Tars. Dig. med. in. ins waa.. lin; lin, lin. lin. lin. (Oy TUS 10 a. 7 14 6 173 21
49. PROCELLARIA LEUCOPTERA, Gould.
Native name Laguna-kikina, Hiibner.
One specimen.
On this Mr. Salvin also gives me the following kind remarks :— «Your specimen from Duke-of-York Island is certainly Gstrelata leucoptera, Gould, of which I have a typical specimen, obtained from Gould himself. Your bird is slightly clearer, greyer on the back and rump, and has a more slender bill at the base, the difference being very little indeed.”
The well-marked dark (nearly black) cross band on the rump, which Prof. Schlegel does not mention, induced me to believe it might be new; but as our first authority with respect to Procel- lariide tells me that Iam wrong, I cannot do better than follow him.
50. Purrinus LEUCOMELAS, Temm.
Native naine Kitai, Hubner. One specimen, exactly like specimens from Amboina.
51. Purrinus TENurRosTRIS, Temm.; Finsch, Journ. f. Orn. 1874, p. 210.
Native name Kipoli, Hiibner. One specimen, agreeing exactly with the figure in the ‘ Fauna Japonica’ (tab. 86).
52. Dysrorus suLa (L.).
Sula fusca, Vieill.
Native name Manemantoura, Hubner.
Three specimens, among them a nearly uniformly brown young
bird. From New Britain. 1. Corvus ENCA, Horsf.
Corvus, sp. ine., Sel. U. ¢. p. 104, Native name Garnik, Hiibner.
1879.] DUKE-OF-YORK ISLAND AND NEW BRITAIN. u7
One specimen, which I am not able to distinguish from a Javan one, as the differences in size are very slight.
Al. Caud. Rostr, Tars. in. lin, in. lin, lin. lin. ll 9 5 6 23 23 New Britain. Tet he 333 Dl 23 25 Java.
2. GracuLa Krerrt, Scl. J. c. p. 104.
Native name Giljau, Hiibner.
Male and female, showing no differences.
The figure given with the original description (P. Z.S. 1869, pl.ix.) shows, in contrast to the description, the upper and lower tail-coverts yellow instead of white, and gives therefore quite a wrong idea; only the middle of the vent near the anal region is yellow (orange- yellow).
3. BucrRos RUFICOLLIS, Vieill.; Scl. P. Z. S. 1878, p- 672.
Native name Ngal, Hiibner.
One old and one young female (sex marked by Mr. Hiibner) both having the whole head and neck uniform black, like the body. The old female shows on the basal half of the culmen five strongly developed plicze, the basal one measuring 17 lines in length and 18 in diameter, being flat from above; the young one lacks the plicee, and shows only a small elevated (about 6!) flat casque, 2" 4!!! in length and 16!" in diameter.
4. PLicroLopuus OPHTHALMICUs (Scl.). Cacatua ophthalmica, Scl. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 107.
Native name Moal ; iris brown, Hiibner. Male and female alike.
5. DomiIcELLA HYP@NOCHROA, Gray,
Lorius hypeenochrous, Scl. 1. ec. p. 108.
Native name Kulinga, Hiibner. Two specimens, which have been kept in confinement.
6. CENTROPUS ATERALBUS, Less. ; Scl. /. c. p. 106.
Native name Kumkum, Hiibner.
One old male. The white “speculum” on the wings is formed by the tectrices of the primaries, which are white; the white of head and neck is washed pale ochre-yellowish. Al. 8", caud. 10", rostr. m@iront. 17", tars. 21',
7. CARPOPHAGA SPILORRHOA, Gray ; Scl. 1. c. p. 109.
Native name Ngelangele, Hiibuer. One specimen. Dr. Sclater enumerates this species from Duke-of-York Island.
Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1879, No. II. 2
18 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
3. On aCollection of Crustacea made by Capt. H. C. St. John, R.N., in the Corean and Japanese Seas. By Epwarp J. Miers, F.L.S., F.Z.S.—Part I. Podophthalmia. With an Appendix by Capt. H. C. Sr. Joun. [Received November 23, 1878.] (Plates I-III.)
The collections of Crustacea made by Capt. H. C. St. John while engaged in surveying the Japanese coasts between the years 1870 and 1877 have been presented by Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., to the Trustees of the British Museum, and are of so much interest, both from the geographical distribution of the species and on account of the many novelties collected, that I have thought it desirable to bring an account of them before the Society. The specimens were nearly all obtained by dredging ; and Capt. St. John has furnished an interesting account of the mode adopted by him in collecting and separating the specimens, which is printed below as an Appendix. But few of the larger and well-known littoral species, which are so well described and figured by De Haan in his standard work upon the Crustacea of Japan (in Siebold, ‘Fauna Japonica,’ 1833-50), are represented in the collection.
Comparatively little was known of the Crustacean fauna of the deeper waters of this region until the publication, in 1857-60, of a series of papers by the late Dr. W. Stimpson, the eminent American carcinologist, on the Decapoda collected by the U.S. Expedition to the North Pacific under Commanders C. Ringgold and J. Rodgers, in the ‘ Proceedings of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences,’ which contain short Latin diagnoses of a large number of new species (many of them obtained at considerable depths), and in which also a considerable number of species previously described by Milne- Edwards, Dana, Adams and White, and others are added to the Japanese fauna. It is much to be regretted that no fuller account of these collections should ever have appeared, and that Stimpson’s preliminary report did not extend beyond the Decapoda. As Capt. St. John’s collections were made in the same region, many of Stimp- son’s species occur in them; and in their determination I have been greatly aided by comparing them with a series of specimens from the Japanese Seas, named by Dr. Stimpson himself, and presented some years ago by the Smithsonian Institution to the British Museum.
It is remarkable, under the circumstances, that the present collec- tion should contain so many forms which are new to science, while so many of Stimpson’s species still remain desiderata to the national collection; and this goes far to prove that a rich harvest will yet reward the collector of marine Invertebrata in the Japanese region, and that even more interesting results may be expected in many regions where no dredging-operations have yet been attempted. The
Puts toye. PEE
NEW JAPANESE CRUSTACEA.
G2. 5;1872. Phe
NEW JAPANESE CRUSTACEA.
EA. S. 1878 Pa ie
Mintern Bros imp
NEW JAPANESE CRUSTACEKA.
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS. ‘19
careful manner in which the exact particulars regarding the locality, depth, and, in some cases, the temperature of the water have been recorded by Capt. St. John gives additional scientific value to the present collection ; and although it is to be regretted that the labels belonging to a few of the bottles had unfortunately been washed off and lost before the collection was received by the Trustees, yet Capt. St. John assures me that all these specimens were collected in or near the Corean Straits. The only species not obtained in these seas or in the Japanese region is the remarkable Crab Gonatonotus pentagonus of Adams and White, which was dredged in the Javan sea, near Billiton Island, at a depth of 12 fathoms.
In the present communication 64 species or well-marked varieties belonging to the Podophthalmia are noticed ; and of these 26 are ap- parently n.w to science, besides which there are several which for different reasons I have refrained from designating by a specific name. The names and the families to which they appertain are given in the systematic list which follows, where also I have noted the localities and the geographical range, when known.
In a second paper I hope to describe the remainder of the species collected, which belong chiefly to the orders Amphipoda and Iso- poda, and to the Cirripedia and Pyenogonida, and are not less in- teresting thaa the Podophthalmia,
List of Species described in the present paper.
PODOPHTHALMIA. DecaAPpopa. Bracuyura. OxyRHYNCHA Vv. MarorpeEa. Marpa.
Pugettia quadridens (De Haan). Corean Channel, Japan, Hong Kong: p. 23.
P. incisa (De Haan). Corean Channel, Japan: p. 23.
Oregonia hirta, Dana. Japan, California : p. 24,
Pleistacantha saueti-johannis, gen. and sp. n. Japanese seas (North Pacific coast): p. 24.
Achaus spinosus, n. Corean Channel : p. 25.
A, tuberculatus, n. Corean Channel : p- 25.
Hyastenus diacanihus (De Haan). Japan, Corean Channel, Australian and Indo-Malayan seas : p- 26.
H. (Chorilia) japonicus, n. Japanese seas: p. 27.
Doclea orientalis, n. Kunasiri Isl.?, Yeso Island: p. 28.
PARTHENOPIDA,
Gonatonotus pentagonus, Ad. & White. Javan Sea, Borneo, North-east Australia: p. 29. Lambrus intermedius, n, Corean Channel : p- 29. a
20 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
CycLoMeTopa vy. CANCROIDEA. CaNncriID&. Actea granulata, Audouin. Japanese seas, Indo-Pacific region : p. 30. ; Acteodes tomentosus (M.-Edw.), var. Goto Islands, Indo-Pacific region: p. 30. Leptodius exaratus (M.-Edw.), var. Corean Channel, Japanese seas: p. 3l. ERIPHIIDE.
Pilumnus hirsutus,Stm. Corean Channel, North-China seas: p. 31. P. dehaanii, n. Gulf of Yedo: p. 32.
PorTUNID.
Thalamitasima, M.-Edw. Japanese seas, Indo-Pacific region: p. 32.
Goniosoma ornatum, A. Edw. Seas of Eastern Asia: p. 33.
G. variegatum (Fabr.). Indian and East-Asian seas : p. 33.
Portunus corrugatus (Pennant). British seas, Mediterranean, Red Sea, Japan: p. 33.
CorysTIDz&.
Trichocarcinus dentatus, n. Japan, Corean Channel: p. 34.
T. affinis, n. Corean Channel: p. 35.
Telmessus acutidens (Stm.). Japanese seas: p. 36.
CaTOMETOPA Vv. GRAPSOIDEA. MacroPHTHALMID&. Gelasimus lacteus, De Haan. Japanese and Corean seas: p. 36.
GRAPSID.
Heterograpsus longitarsis, n. Japanese and Corean seas: p.37.
Platygrapsus depressus (De Haan), junr. Chinese, Japanese, and Corean seas: p. 37.
Helice tridens, De Haan. Seas of Japan and China: p. 38.
Leiolophus planissimus (Herbst). Indo-Pacific and Atlantic region: p. 38.
CARCINOPLACIDE. Heteroplax? nitidus, n. Corean Channel: p. 39,
RHIzoOPIDz. Typhlocarcinus villosus, Stm. Corean Channel, Hong-Kong: p.40.
OxystomaTa v. LEUCOSIIDEA. Lrvucosip&.
Leucosia hematosticta, Ad. & White, var. Corean Channel, Kagosima, ‘‘ Eastern seas:” p. 40.
Pseudophilyra tridentata, gen. and sp. n. Corean Channel: p. 41.
Philyra, sp. Matoya: p. 41.
Myra dubia, n. Corean Channel: p. 42.
Lbalia rhomboidalis, 1. Corean Channel: p. 42.
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS, 21
E. minor, n. Corean Channel: p. 43.
L., bituberculata, n. Japanese seas (North Pacifie coast): p. 43 _ Cryptocnemus pentagonus, Stm. Corean Channel, Gulf of Kago sima: p. 43.
Arcania globata, Stm. Corean Channel, China Sea, “Eastern seas:” p. 44. A. orientalis, n. Corean Channel, Japanese seas (North Pacific coast): p. 44. ANOMURA. DromipeA. Dromup2#.
Cryptodromia, sp. Japanese seas (North Pacific coast): p. 44.
Homouip#? Paratymolus oubescens, gen. and sp. n. Matoya: p. 45.
RaNINIDEA.
Ranina serrata, Lam. Japan, Indo-Pacific region: p. 46. Lyreideus tridentatus, De Haan? Japan, Kada Bay: p. 46. PORCELLANIDEA.
Porcellana spinulifrons, n. Corean Channel: p. 46. Pachycheles stevensii, Stm. Japanese and Corean seas: p. 47. LirHoDIDEA.
Hapalogaster dentatus (De Haan). Japan, Goto Islands: p. 47. Cryptolithodes expansus, n. North Japan: p. 47.
PAGURIDEA.
Eupagurus cavimanus, n. Japanese seas (Tsugar Straits): p. 48. Pomatocheles jeffreysit, gen. and sp. nu. Corean and Japanese seas : p- 49.
GALATHEIDEA.
Galathea orientalis, Stm. Corean Channel, Hong Kong (Ly-i- moon Straits): p. 51. Munidajapenica, Stm. Corean Channel, Gulf of Kagosima: p. 51.
Macruvra. THALASSINIDEA. GrBiIpz. Gebia major, De Haan. Japan, Katsura, and Kada Bay: p. 52.
CARIDEA. CRANGONIDS.
Paracrangon echinatus, Dana. Yedo Island, California, Puget Sound: p. 52.
22 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
ALPHEIDE.
Alpheus bisincisus, De Haan. Japan, Katsura, Corean Channel : p- 53.
A, japonicus, n. Japanese seas (North Pacific coast) : p. 53.
A. kingsleyi, n. Japanese seas (North Pacific coast): p. 54.
A, gracilipes, Stm.? Corean Channel, Tahiti: p. 55.
Rhynchocyclus planirostris (De Haan). Japan, Ly-i-moon Straits, near Hong Kong: p. 59.
Hippolyteleptognatha,Stm. Japan, Gulf of Yedo, Hakodadi:p.56.
Pandalus gracilis, Stm. Corean Channel, Gulf of Hakodadi: p. 56.
PEN XIDEA. PEN zxIDE. Peneus affinis, M.-Kdw. Japanese and Corean seas, Indo-Pacific region: p. 56. CuMACEA. Heterocuma sarsi, gen. and sp. n. Corean and Japanese seas: p. 58. H. sarsi, var. granulata, n. Corean Channel: p. 58.
Remarks on the Geographical Distribution of the Species.
The Crustacean fauna of Japan includes many species of restricted range and peculiar to the seas of Eastern Asia, besides many of the common and widely-spread littoral Indo-Pacific forms; but it also presents affinities with the European and especially the Mediter- ranean fauna, and that of the west coast of the American continent. As illustrating the European affinities I may note the occurrence, both in the South-European and Japanese seas, of such well-known genera as Acheus, Ebalia, and Eupagurus, and the remarkable genus Latreillia (of this latter I have seen no specimens), and of the Por- tunus corrugatus, Pennant, originally described from the British coast; moreover the Peneus distinctus, De Haan, is either identical with or closely allied to the Mediterranean Solenocera siphonocera, Philippi, and in the present collection occur species of the genera Mera and Pycnogonum, scarcely distinct from the well-known European M. truncatipes and P. littorale. The last-mentioned is a boreal species; but the instances above given (and others which might be cited) show that the relationship which does exist is not coufined to forms which may have made their way from Europe to Japan along the northern shores of Asia.
The affinity of the Japanese with the Western-American Crusta- cean fauna is similarly evidenced by the existence of many genera common to the shores of both regions, the species being either iden- tical or very closely allied, so closely, indeed, that further comparative study might show the relationship is even more near than is now suspected. Instances in the present collection are the genera Pu- gettia, Oregonia, Trichocarcinus, Telmessus, Heterograpsus, Hapa- logaster, Puchycheles, Paracrangon, Rhynchocyclus, among the Podophthalmia.
Many of the genera thus common to the two regions are scarcely
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS. 23
found elsewhere, and are peculiarly characteristic of the Pacific coasts of America. Some, having a boreal range (Echidnocerus, Hapalogaster), evidently pass from one continent to the other vid Behring’s Straits; but instances are not wanting (although rare) of forms which have never been shown to have a boreal range occurring on both coasts of the Pacific. An example occurs in the present collection in the curious Shrimp Paracrangon echinatus, Dana, in the case of which I have satisfied myself, by actual comparison, of the identity of examples from Puget Sound, California, and Yedo Island. Hyastenus (Chorilia) japonicus, and Telmessus acutidens, Stm., may, upon further comparison, prove to be identical with their American congeners.
BRACHYURA.
OxyRHYNCHA vel MAIOIDEA.
Map, PUGETTIA QUADRIDENS.
Menethius quadridens, De Haan, Faun. J apon. Crust. p. 97, pl. xxiv. fig. 2, ¢ (Halimus), and pl. G (1839).
Pugettia quadridens, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 219 (1857).
This species is very closely allied to the Pugettia gracilis, Dana (U.S. Expl. Exp. xiii. p. 117, pl. iv. fig. 3, 1852), from the Cali- fornian coast; but the lateral lobes or expansions of the carapace are less broad and triangular in shape, and more acute at the extre- mity. In the females the carapace is more convex than in the males, with the hepatic regions more convex.
Otarranai, 53 fathoms, lat. 43° 12' N., long. 141° 1! E.; Isenomi Straits, low-water mark; Corean Channel, lat. 33° 123’ N., long. 129° 5! E., 9 fathoms. Males, females, and young were collected.
Stimpson’s specimens were from Simoda, Japan, and Hong Kong.
PUGETTIA INCISA.
Menethius incisus, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 98, pl. xxiv. fig. 3, 2 (Halimus), and pl. G (1839).
Pugettia incisa, Stm. Proc, Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 219 (1857).
Three specimens, males, all of small size, were obtained of this species, which differs from its congeners in the auriculiform shape of the first pair of lateral expansions of the carapace, in which it exhibits some affinity with the genera Hyas and Hyastenus, from the first of which it differs in the slender divergent horns of the rostrum, and from the second in the far less perfectly defined orbits. Although the basal joint of the antennz is somewhat broader, the structure of the antennal and orbital regions is essentially that of Pugettia.
Gulf of Yedo (bottom soft mud and hard sand) ; Corean Channel, lat. 33° 10! N., 129° 12! E., at 36 fathoms.
This and the preceding species were previously unrepresented in the British-Museum collection.
24 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM (Jan. 14,
OREGONIA HIRTA?
? Oregonia hirta, Dana, Amer. Journ. Sci. and Arts (ser. 2), xi. p- 270 (1851); U.S. Expl. Exp. xiii, Crust. i. p. 107, pl. iii. fig. 3 (1852).
Two specimens of an Oregonia were collected, both females, the larger and mature example densely overgrown with sea-weed. These agree in almost every respect with specimens of Oregonia hirta, from California (Puget’s Sound), in the collection; but the legs are rather more robust, and the branchial regions more convex. The examination of males might show that they belong to a distinct species; for the present, however, they cannot be regarded as distinct.
Japan, Cape Blunt, lat. 41° 41! N., long. 141° 0! E. (depth 35 fathoms).
PLEISTACANTHA, gen. nov.’
Carapace triangular, convex, and spinose. Rostrum long and slender, composed, as in Oregonia, of two spines, which are in con- tact with one another to near their extremities. Eyes laterally projecting. Orbits not defined, the inferior walls wanting, the superior and posterior represented by two or three spines. An- tennules long; interantennulary septum with a prominent spine pro- jecting downward. Antenne with the basal joint extremely slender and armed with three spines; the flagellum long, reaching almost to the extremity of, and visible in a dorsal view at, the side of the rostrum. Ischium (or second) joint of the outer maxillipeds longer than the merus-joint, which has a short spine at its antero-external angle ; the exognath very slender. Legs, as in Eyeria, very long; the anterior pair robust, with the fingers acute and meeting near their apices along their inner margins, but leaving an Aizatus at base when closed. The ambulatory legs are slender, and diminish succes- sively in length to the last pair; their terminal joints are long, slender, and densely hairy. The male postabdomen is 6-jointed, the inflexed portion oblong, the terminal joint transverse and rounded at its distal extremity.
This genus must be placed near Oregonia, with which it is nearly allied in the structure of the rostrum and orbital and antennal region ; but it differs in the convex and spinose carapace and greatly elon- gated legs, which gives it more the aspect of EHyeria, and would ne- cessitate its being placed among the Macropodiens in Milne-Edwards’s arrangement. From Egeria it differs in the structure of the orbital and antennal region, &c.
PLEISTACANTHA SANCTI-JOHANNIS, sp. n. (Plate I. fig. 1.)
Carapace covered with very numerous small spines of uniform size; interspersed with these are longer spines, of which three are placed in a transverse series on the front and one at the back of the gastric region, two on the cardiac, two on the intestinal and about three on each branchial region; there are also several longer spines placed be- hind the eyes and on the sides of the branchial regions. Rostrum
1 wetoros, superl. of rods, many; and dkavGa, a spine.
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS, 25
nearly half as long as the carapace, the spines of which it is composed divergent near their extremities, and armed on their under- sides with two or three spinules. Anterior legs with the arm and wrist covered with small spines; arm with a strong conical curved spine on the upper margin at its distal extremity ; palm robust, about as long as the arm, with fewer spinules arranged in longitudinal series ; fingers naked. Ambulatory legs with numerous small spinules ; the terminal joints, and in the last pair the two preceding joints are without spines and hairy. Length of carapace to base of rostrum # inch, breadth about 4 inch; length of anterior leg 34 inches.
This species was obtained at a depth of 63 fathoms, in October 1874, in lat. 34° 1! N., long. 136° 20! E.
A single male individual was collected. As it is certainly one of the most striking novelties in the collection, I have much pleasure in dedicating it to its indefatigable discoverer, Capt. H. C. St. John,
ACHEUS SPINOSUS, sp. n.
Carapace triangular, narrowed behind the orbits, as in Acheus (Inachus) lorina, and armed with six spines above, viz. one on the gastric, one (which is bilobate) on the cardiac, and two on each branchial region; there are also two or three small spines or tubercles on the sides of the body, beneath the hepatic and branchial regions. The rostrum, as in all the species of the genus, is very small and bilobate. Eye-peduncles robust, laterally projecting and armed with a strong tubercle in front. Anterior legs (in the male) robust ; arm and wrist with a few scattered granules above; palm swollen, with about six spinules on the upper margin and a few small granules on the lower margin, near its base ; fingers acute, with a wide hiatus at base when closed, both the fingers with a strong tooth on their inner margins near the base ; both are faintly cristated on their outer mar- gins. Ambulatory legs very slender, the terminal joint of the last pair strongly faleated. Terminal postabdominal segment subtri- angular. Length 4 inch, breadth 2 inch.
A single specimen (male) was collected at a depth of 30 fathoms, in lat. 34° 10! N., long. 136° 47’ E.
The nearest ally of this species seems to be the Acheus lorina (Inachus lorina, Ad. & White, Zool. Samarang, Crust. p. 3, pl. ii. fig. 2, 1848), from Mindanao, from which it differs in the number and disposition of the spines of the carapace. Both of these species exter- nally resemble Inachus, but differ in the absence of defined orbits and in the falcated posterior legs, on account of which they must be referred to Acheus.
AcHz&US TUBERCULATUS, Sp. Nn.
There are several specimens of a species of Acheus in the collection, which are all unfortunately in an imperfect condition, the anterior and most of the ambulatory legs being absent. The carapace is tri- angular and broader than in the preceding species, without spines, not constricted behind the interocular region ; the regions are con-
26 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
vex and well defined ; and there is a very prominent conical tubercle upon the cardiac region which is not bilobate, also a broad lobe or tubercle upon the hepatic region. The eye-peduncles are smooth ; the posterior legs have the last joint but slightly faleated. The postab- domen of the male is broader than in the preceding species, the ter- minal segment transverse. Length (of male) nearly 3, inch, breadth nearly + inch.
Specimens were collected at a depth of 36 fms., in lat. 33° 10'N., long. 129° 12’ E.; and there are others without definite locality at- tached.
This species resembles the Acheus lacertosus of Stimpson (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 218, 1857), from Australia, Port Jackson, in the distinctly defined regions of the carapace, the presence of an hepatic lobe, and the smooth eye-peduncles, but differs in the very prominent tubercle or blunt spine on the cardiac region, which is present in both sexes, whereas Stimpson, in his description of Acheus lacertosus, says, “superficie levi spinis carente.’ I must there- fore regard it as distinct. Stimpson’s species was from Port Jackson, Australia.
Acheus japonicus, De Haan (Faun. Jap. Crust. p. 99, pl. xxix. fig. 3, 1839), is described and figured as devoid of spines on the carapace, and the eye-peduncles as being 4-spinulose ; there is no hepatic lobe.
HYASTENUS DIACANTHUS.
Nazxia diacantha, De Haan, Faun. Japon. Crust. p. 96, pl. xxxiv. fig. 1, and pl. G (1839).
Hyastenus diacanthus, A.M.-Edw. Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat. Vili. p. 250 (1872).
Hyastenus verreauxti, A. M.-Edw. l. c. p. 250 (1872).
A single male specimen of this common inhabitant of the Japanese seas was obtained at Ousima, Japan, in 9 fathoms of water on a sandy bottom.
Two other specimens of this genus are in the collection; the first, a small female specimen, was collected in Jat. 33° 4' N,, long. 129° 18’ E., at a depth of 23 fathoms. All the limbs are unfortunately missing. It diffiers in the much greater divergence of the horns of the rostrum, and very probably belongs to a distinct species ; but, on account of its mutilated state, I refrain from describing it as such.
In the second, the horns of the rostrum are more than half the length of the carapace and but slightly divergent ; the carapace is convex, narrower and more elongated than in Hyastenus diacanthus, and without any spines or tubercles, and is covered with a very short close pubescence.
This specimen is also an immature female, and was obtained at a depth of 18 fathoms, near Cape Sima. It would not be advisable to make this the type of a new species by giving it a distinct appella- tion ; but it is distinguished from its nearest ally, H. diacanthus, by the total absence of the lateral epibranchial spines, which are present, although very small, in examples of H. diacanthus of the same size.
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS. 27
Hyasrenvus (CuorruiA) saPonicus, n.sp. (Plate I. fig. 2.)
Carapace triangular, rounded behind, with the regions separated by well-marked depressions, and covered with small distant tubercles ; of these there are about eight on the gastric and each branchial region, one or two on the hepatic and genital, and one larger on the intestinal region ; the cardiac region is very convex. There is a spine on the side of each branchial region. The horns of the rostrum are straight, not half as long as the carapace, and more divergent than in C. lon- gipes. On the pterygostomian regions, and on the sides of the cara- pace, there is a series of small tubercles. The anterior legs (in the adult male) are robust, the arm granulated and ridged on its under, inner, and outer sides, granulated above, and with two spines near its proximal extremity on its upper and two or three on its under surface ; wrist granulated and ridged on its upper and outer surface; palm smooth, compressed, acutely carinated above ; fingers smooth, den- ticulated on their inner margins near their apices, the upper with a strong tooth near its base; when closed, they have a wide hiatus at base. The ambulatory legs are slender, smooth, diminishing suc- cessively in length from the first to the last ; the terminal joints almost immobile and bent at right angles to the preceding. Length of carapace of an adult male about | inch to base of rostrum; greatest breadth about 2 inch.
A good series, including males, females, and young, were collected at a depth of 100 fathoms, in lat. 41° 40! N., long. 141° 10! E.
The description was taken from an adult male. In the females and younger animals several differences are remarked ; notably, the anterior legs are much slenderer, legs granulated and ridged, the fin- gers nearly straight, without a hiatus aud strong tooth at base.
The nearest ally of this species is unquestionably the C. longipes of Dana (U.S. Expl. Exp. Crust. i. p. 91, pl. i. fig. 5), from the coast of Oregon. The arrangement of the tubercles is nearly the same ; but the one now described differs in its shorter, more divergent rostral spines, the shorter spines upon the basal joint of the antennz, and in the arms never being spinulose along the whole of their upper surface, &c., and must be regarded, at least provisionally, as distinct. There is very little hair on the front and sides of the carapace and rostrum ; and the hands are nearly naked.
Chorilia scarcely differs generically from Hyastenus, the structure of the orbits and antennal region and the characteristic length of the first pair of ambulatory legs being the same in both. It may be convenient, however, to retain the name as a subgeneric division in- cluding those species of Hyastenus in which the carapace is tuber- culated and uneven above—e.g., the present species, Chorilia longi- pes, and the Hyastenus oryx and verrucosipes of White.
Docuea.
The genera Libinia, Libidoclea and Doclea constitute, in Dana’s arrangement, a natural group, characterized by their very convex and orbiculate or shortly pyriform and tuberculated or spinose carapace
28 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
and emarginate rostrum. It is extremely difficult to find reliable characters by which to define the genera, as the species pass into one another by almost insensible gradations. At one end of the series are those which belong undoubtedly to the genus Zidinia, in which the carapace is triangulate rather than orbiculate, with a distinct supra- ocular tooth, the rostrum prominent, with the spines coalescent and divergent only toward the apex, which thus appears notched, the orbits circular and well defined, with usually a single closed fissure above, the basal joint of the antennze moderately dilated, and the legs usually of moderate length, the first pair rather slender in the male. At the opposite extremity of the series are the species of Doclea in which the carapace is orbiculate in outline, the rostrum very short, the supraocular spine absent, the basal joint of the antennze narrower, the orbits scarcely defined at all below, the legs usually very long, those of the first pair in the male short, with the palm dilated. The genus Libidoclea ot Milne-Edwards and Lucas is somewhat inter- mediate between the two former, having the triangulate carapace, prominent rostrum, dilated basal antennal joint of Lidinia, with the incomplete orbits and long legs of Doclea; the typical species, LZ. granaria (Edw. & Luce. in D’Orbigny’s Voy. Amér. Mérid. vi. Crust. p- 8, pl. iii. fig. 1 & pl. iv. fig. 1, 1845), from Valparaiso, possesses an additional character in the existence of a notch on the anterior mar- gin of the third joint of the outer maxillipeds; and the tooth in the middle of the outer margin of the basal joint of the antennz is very strong; the former of these fails, however, in the Libidoclea coccinea of Dana (U.S. Expl. Exp. xiii. Crust. p. 88, pl. i. fig. 3), from Pata- gonia, which also has a shorter rostrum. In certain species of Libinia (ZL. emarginata) there is a small blunt tooth on the outer margin of the basal antennal joint. There appears, then, to be no alter- native between restricting the genus Libidoclea, by adopting the single character of the emarginate third joint of the outer maxillipeds, or extending its definition until it shall include all the species inter- mediate between the two older genera. The former is perhaps the preferable course, as, if the latter were adopted, it would be impossible to assign any definite characters to the genus.
DocLEA ORIENTALIS, sp. n. (Plate II. fig. 1.)
The carapace is convex and subpyriform, with six tubercles in the middle line, of which the first three are on the gastric, two (one more elevated) on the cardiac, and one on the intestinal region; none of these are large and spiniform. There are two prominent tubercles on the lateral anterior margins, one of them placed at some distance be- hind the orbits, and one on the sides of the branchial region. There are four small tubercles on the front of the gastric region, forming, with the first of the median series, a figure et » seven or eight on the branchial region, on each side, and three on the pterygostomian region. The rostrum is short, but little longer than broad, and notched to its middle. The orbits have a supraocular tooth, a wide hiatus above, and two fissures below. The basal joint of the antennz is rather
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS, 29
broad, with an obscure tooth on its outer margin. Anterior legs in the female small; hands compressed, and fingers straight; the am- bulatory legs short, those of the first pair not much exceeding in length the greatest breadth of the carapace. Length of carapace and rostrum 1 inch 2+ lines, breadth 114 lines.
Two specimens, females, were obtained, one at Kunashir (Kunasiri Island ?), N. Japan, at a depth of 11 fathoms, bottom small stones ; the other from the N.E. coast of Yeso Island.
The nearest ally of this species seems to be the Doclea gracilipes of Stimpson (P. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 216, 1857), from Hong-Kong, from which it differs in the tuberculation of the carapace and very short anterior legs.
Streets, in a notice of the genus Libinia (P. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p-. 106, 1870), has described a new species, L. rhomboidea, from the East Indies, which may easily be distinguished from the present by the existence of strong spines on the branchial regions and lateral margins.
Another Asiatic species is the Lidinia bidentata, A. M.-Edw. (Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, i. pt. 4, p. 77, 1873), from the Amoor, which has fewer spines upon the surface of the body. Several Doclee have also been described by Bleeker (Acta Soc. Sci. Indo-Neerl. ii. pp. 7-15, 1857), from the Indian archipelago; but none have any near affinity with Libinia orientalis.
PARTHENOPID. GONATONOTUS PENTAGONUS.
Gonatonotus pentagonus, Ad. & White, P. Z. 8. 1847, p. 58; Zool. Samarang, Crust. p. 33, pl. vi. fig. 7 (1848).
Javan Sea, near Billiton Island, lat. 3° 21'S., long. 108° 39! E. Dredged at a depth of 12 fathoms.
The single specimen collected is a male, and differs from the female from Borneo, figured by Adams and White, only in the greater length and strength of the anterior legs; the postabdomen is seven-jointed and narrow. There are two young specimens of this species, from reefs on the N.E. coast of Australia, in the British-Museum collection.
This is the only species of Crustacean collected elsewhere than in the Japanese and Corean seas.
LamBrus INTERMEDIUS, Sp. 0.
Carapace triangular, almost destitute of tubercles above, and with- out large spines on the margins; on the upper surface are three ele- vated ridges, one on the gastric and cardiac, and one on each branchial region; the median ridge is marked with about four obscure tubercles ; the branchial ridges are obscurely granulated ; and on the sides of the branchial regions are seven to eight small triangular marginal teeth, which under a lens are seen to be denticulated; the last of these is the largest ; on the posterior margin are seven small distant tubercles. There is an elongate depression between the eyes. The rostrum is triangular, smooth and acute; the anterior legs are of moderate length
30 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
(for a species of this genus); the arm with a longitudinal line of granules on its anterior and posterior margins and on its upper sur- face; the wrist nearly smooth; the hand trigonous, smooth on its three faces, with a line of small tubercles or granules on its outer and inner margins ; of these about four on the outer margin are somewhat larger and equidistant ; all the tubercles of the anterior legs are seen under a lens to be themselves granulated ; the mobile finger has three or four spines on its upper margin; the ambulatory legs are very small _and compressed ; the margins of the merus-joints of the last two pairs are granulated. Length about 3 inch, greatest breadth about +, inch.
Corean seas (no exact particulars regarding the locality). One male individual collected.
This species belongs to the same group as the L. lamelilifrons, Ad. & Wh., L. gracilis, Dana, and L. affinis, A. M.-Edw. From the latter (of which there isa large series from the Javan and Indian seas in the British-Museum collection) it differs in the much fewer tubercles of the carapace and arms, which are less rounded, and from the two former in the much greater breadth of the carapace behind
the orbits, and the absence of spines on the outer margin of the hands, &c.
CycLOMETOPA vel CANCROIDEA.
CANCRIDZ. ACTA GRANULATA.
Cancer granulatus, Audouin, Explic. Planches, p. 87, de Savigny, Egypte, Atlas, Crust. pl. vi. fig. 2 (1809).
Cancer savignyi, M.-Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust. i. p. 378 (1834).
Actea granulata, De Haan, Faun. Japon, Crust. p. 18 (1835) ; A. M.-Edw. Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat. i. p. 275 (1865).
? Actea pura, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 32 (1858).
A small male example is in the collection without definite locality attached. This species appears to be common in the Indo-Malayan, Australian, and Japanese seas ; and its range extends to the Red Sea, Mozambique, and the Mauritius.
ACTZODES TOMENTOSUS, var.
Zozymus tomentosus, M.-Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust. i. p. 385 (1834).
Acteodes tomentosus, Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exp. xiii. (i.) p. 197 (1852).
Actea tomentosa, A. M.-Edw. N. A. Mus. H. N. i. p. 262 (1865).
In this variety the carapace is very broad in proportion to its length, the granules with which it is covered small and very nu- merous, the anterior areolets scarcely, and the posterior (e. g. the cardiac) not at all, distinguishable; the colour is dull red. Length rather more than + inch, breadth ;& inch.
Collected at the Goto Islands, at low-water mark.
The two males and female collected, on account of the indistin- guishability of the areolets, present a very different appearance both
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS. 31
from the typical A. tomentosus and the species or variety desig- nated A. affinis by Dana (U.S. Expl. Exp. xiii. Crust. i. p. 198, pl. xi. fig. 3), from the Paumotu or Society Islands; yet I find no characters which would justify me in considering them a distinct species.
LEPTODIUS EXARATUS, Var.
Chlorodius exaratus, A. M.-Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust. i. p. 402 1834). : Xantho affinis, De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. p. 48, pl. xii. fig. 8 (1835).
Two very small specimens of a Leptodius, without particulars re- garding locality, appear to belong to a well-marked variety of the common L. exaratus, or even to a distinct species. As the speci- mens are immature, it is not advisable to give them a distinct spe- cific name. The carapace is depressed, the areolets scarcely marked and somewhat eroded towards the front and antero-lateral margins ; the three posterior antero-lateral marginal teeth are small and sub- acute, the others obsolete; the frontal lobes are broad, with the an- terior margin straight, and they are separated by a very small median notch. The anterior legs have the wrist and hand very ru- gose on their upper and outer surfaces ; the ambulatory legs some- what dilated and compressed, and the tarsal joints very narrow. Length 3 lines, breadth 43 lines.
ERIPuHiDz. PILUMNUS HIRSUTUS.
Pilumnus hirsutus, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 37 (1858).
The large series collected agree in all respects with Stimpson’s diagnosis. The outer orbital spine is smaller than the three spines of the antero-lateral margin, which are acute. The larger hand (which is usually the right, but in some individuals the left) is granulated on its upper, and in younger specimens more minutely on its outer, surface ; the lower finger is usually in a straight line with the lower margin of the hand. The smaller hand is granulispinulous on its upper and outer surface. In one or two specimens the granules are fewer and more acute, and the lower finger formsa slight angle with the inferior margin of the hand.
This is evidently a very common and abundant species in the Corean seas. Specimens were collected at seven different localities in or near the Corean Straits, at depths varying from |] 2—40 fathoms. It was, however, previously unrepresented in the British-Museum collection.
I should have regarded this speeies as being synonymous with the Pilumnus minutus of De Haan (Faun. Jap., Crust. p. 50, pl. iii. fig. 2), which is very shortly characterized, were it not that the an- tero-lateral margins are described and figured as ‘ 4-dentatis”’ (not spinose), and the orbits as ‘“‘inermibus”’ by De Haan.
32 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
Stimpson’s specimens of P. hirsutus were collected in the North- China sea and near Ousima Island. ,
PinuMNvs DEHAANTI, Sp. 0.
The carapace is broader than long, convex, and everywhere covered with a close velvety pubescence, so that no traces of the regions are visible. Antero-lateral margins shorter than the postero-lateral, and armed with three small spines (excluding that of the outer orbital margin, which is not at all prominent). ‘The orbital margins and the front (seen in a dorsal view) are minutely denticulated. In an an- terior view the frontal margin is sinuated, with a median notch. The anterior legs are short, robust, the right slightly the larger ; the arm trigonous and very short; the wrist with a few conical acute granules on its anterior and upper surface; the palm smooth on its inner, and armed on its upper and all its outer surface with nu- merous, crowded, unequal, conical, acute tubercles ; fingers acute, meeting when closed, the upper granulous at base. The ambula- tory legs are slightly compressed and hairy. Length 33 lines, breadth 43 lines.
The single specimen, a female, was found within the shell of a species of Balanus collected in the Gulf of Yedo.
This species, on account of the closely pubescent carapace and form of the hands, has more of the aspect of an Actumnus than of Pilumnus, but differs in the acute fingers and spiniform antero-lateral teeth from that genus.
I cannot refer it to any of the numerous published descriptions. It is readily distinguished by the nearly equal and closely tubereu- lated hands, the tubercles extending halfway along the mobile finger and covering the outer surface of the hand to the apex of the im- mobile finger. The fingers are nearly colourless. From the P. ac- tumnoides of M. A. Milne-Edwards from New Caledonia (Nouv. Arch. Mus. H. N. ix. p. 247, pl. x. fig. 3, 1873), to which it bears some resemblance, it is at once distinguished by the fewer lateral marginal teeth, &c.
It has also some affinity with the Pilwmnus setiger and P. squa- mosus of De Haan, which have been referred by M. A. Milne- Edwards, rightly I believe, to Actumnus. From the former it differs in the regions of the carapace being obliterated, and from the latter in the conical (not squamiform) tubercles of the hands, which are not seriately disposed ; from both, probably, in the spiniform mar- ginal teeth.
PoRTUNIDA. THALAMITA SIMA.
Thalamita sima, Milne-Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust. i. p. 460 (1834) ; Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 39 (1858); A. M.-Edw. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. x. p. 359 (1861).
Portunus (Thalamita) arcuatus, De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. pp. 10, 43, pl. ii. fig. 2, pl. xiii. fig. 1 (1835).
A female example was collected of this species, which seems to
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS. 33
be commonly distributed along the Asiatic coasts from the Red Sea to Japan, and is also found on the coasts of Australia and New Zealand.
Uku Sima ; lat. 33° 152/ N., long. 129° 5'E.
GONIOSOMA ORNATUM.
Portunus (Thalamita) truncatus, De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. pp: 10, 43, pl. ii. fig. 3, & pl. xii. fig. 3 (1835), nec Fabr.
Goniosoma ornatum, A. M.-Edw. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. x. Pp. 376 (1861).
Two specimens (males) were collected—one in Ousima Harbour at 8 fathoms, on a bottom of sandy mud and broken shells, the other in lat. 34° 6! N., long. 136° 15! E., at a depth of 11 fathoms.
This species has not, so far as I know, been recorded elsewhere than in the seas of Eastern Asia. Specimens are in the British Museum from the Philippines.
GontIosoma VARIEGATUM.
Portunus variegatus, Fabr. Ent. Syst. Suppl. p. 364 (1798).
Cancer callianassa, Herbst, Naturg. Krabben, iii. (2) p. 45, pl. liv. fig. 7 (1801).
Thalamita callianassa, M.-Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust. i. p. 464 (1834).
Charybdis variegatus, De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. pp. 10, 42, pl. i. fig. 2 (1835); Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p- 39 (1858).
Goniosoma callianassa, A. M.-Edw. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. x. p- 382 (1861).
A single specimen, in which all the legs (except the fifth natatory legs) are wanting, and without definite locality, is in the collection.
It seems evident that the name of variegatum should be retained for this species, as Milne-Edwards, who was the first to apply to it Herbst’s later name of callianassa, considers the variegatum as only a marked variety of the same species. There is a specimen from Hong-Kong in the British-Museum collection,
Portunus CORRUGATUS.
Cancer corrugatus, Pennant, Brit. Zool. iv. p- 5, pl. v. fig. 9 (1877).
oe corrugatus, Leach, Ed. Encycl. vii. p.390 (1814), Linn. Trans. xi. p. 315 (1815); Mal. Pod. Brit. pl. vii. figs. 1, 2 (1825); M.-Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust. i. p. 443 (1834) ; De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. p. 40 (1835); Bell, Brit. Crust. p. 94 (1853); A. M.-Edw. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. x. p. 401, pl. xxxvi. fig. 3 (1861); Heller, Crust. siidl. Europa, p. 86 (1863). . :
Portunus strigilis, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p- 38 (1858) ; A. M.-Edw. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. x. p. 402 (1861).
Three specimens, of small size (two males and a female), of Por- dunus are in the collection, which agree in every respect with ex-
Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1879, No. III. 3
34 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
amples of the common P. corrugatus of the European seas. The strigose and hairy carapace, and the form of the frontal lobes, of the teeth of the antero-lateral margins, of the anterior and ambulatory legs, of the male postabdomen, and intromittent organs, are identical m the Japanese specimens and examples of the same size from the Mediterranean. It cannot be doubted that this is also the species described by Stimpson under the name of P. strigilis, and of which M. Alphonse Milne-Edwards, when he published his monograph of the Portunide, had not seen examples.
Goto Island Ojica, at low-water mark; same locality, lat. 33° 122’ N., long. 129° 5’ E., at 9 fathoms; also at lat. 32° 49’ N., long. 128° 54’ E., at 11 fathoms.
I am inclined to regard the species described as P. subcorrugatus by A. Milne-Edwards (A. Mus. H. N. x. p. 402, pl. xxxvi. fig. 2), from the Red Sea, as a mere variety cf this species, from which it differs only in the obscure trilobation of the front. There is an ex- ample from Naples in the British-Museum collection. Its distribu- tion, therefore, so far coincides with that of the typical P. corruga- tus that it is found both in the European and Oriental regions— that is, on either side of the Isthmus of Suez.
CorysTIp&. TRICHOCARCINUS.
Trichocera, De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. p. 16 (1833).
The genus Trichocera, founded by De Haan, appears to be scarcely generically distinct from Cancer, its chief characteristics (and those wherein it exhibits a degradation from the Cancroid type) consisting in its narrower, more convex carapace and longer antennules, on which account it has been placed by Dana and other authors in the Corystide. It is necessary, if it be retained, to alter its designa- tion, as the name Trichocera had been previously employed (in 1803) for a genus of Dipterous insects.
I have therefore slightly modified the termination of De Haan’s name, and propose Trichocarcinus for the few species of this group, which includes, besides the two now described, only the Trichocar- cinus gibbosulus (De Haan) and Trichocarcinus oregonensis (Dana).
TRICHOCARCINUS DENTATUS, Sp, 0.
Carapace smooth, minutely granulated, with the gastric, cardiac, and the middle of the branchial regions convex ; there are two some- what higher elevations on the gastric and each branchial region. Front five-toothed, the middle one very small, the two outer sepa- rated from the rest by a wide interval, Antero-lateral margins with nine, flat, subequal teeth, which are in contact with one another at their bases and broadly triangulate at their apices, and with their margins granulated; behind the ninth tooth is usually a small tooth on the postero-lateral margin, which is defined by a line of granules. The anterior legs are rather robust; there are three spines on the wrist, on the inner and outer surface, and upper mar-
1879. ] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS, 35
gin near the distal extremity. Hand with usually two spines on its upper margin, and three longitudinal raised lines on its outer sur- face.
Length of largest male 103 lines, breadth 1 inch; of largest fe- male, length 1 inch 1 line, breadth 13 inch.
Specimens were collected off the Corean coast, in lat. 34° 30’ N., long. 125° 20' E., at 37 fathoms; in lat. 33° 10’ N., long. 129° 12’ E., in 36 fathoms; in lat. 38° 24’ N., long. 128° 482’ E., at 22 fathoms ; and at Otarranai, lat. 43° 12’ N., long. 141° 1’ E., at 54 fathoms, on a bottom of coarse sand.
In the females the gastric and branchial regions are very much more convex than in the males,
There is considerable variation in the sculpture of the wrist and hands. In some specimens the wrist is roughly ridged on its outer surface ; in others it is nearly smooth. The spine on the middle of the upper margin of the hand is sometimes obsolete.
This species differs both from the 7. gibbosulus, De Haan, from Japan, and the 7. oregonensis, Dana, from Puget Sound, in the much broader subequal teeth of the antero-lateral margin, in which it has more resemblance to some species of Cancer, e. g. C. edwardsii, Bell; but it cannot be confounded with that or any other of the genus known to me.
TRICHOCARCINUS AFFINIS, Sp. n.
Carapace everywhere granulated and sparsely pubescent, with the middle of the gastric and of the cardiac region convex, and a tubercular prominence on each side of the gastric, one smaller on the hepatic, and three on each branchial region. Front three-toothed. Antero- lateral margins with nine, alternately larger and smaller, acute tri- angular teeth (including the outer orbital tooth) ; the margins of these teeth are seen under a lens to be minutely denticulated ; there is a smaller tooth on the postero-lateral margin behind the last tooth of the antero-lateral margins. Wrist and hand with three series of spinules on the outer surface ; wrist with a strong spine, and hand with two spinules on its upper margin. Ambulatory legs pubescent. Length of female ;%, inch, breadth rather more than 4 inch.
A male was collected at a depth of 50 fathoms, in lat. 33° 19’ N,, long. 129° 73' E.; and there is a female individual without definite locality also in the collection.
The species is allied to 7. gibbosulus, De Haan (Faun. Japon., Crust. p. 45, pl. ii. fig. 4, and pl. xii. fig. 3), which it resembles in the unequal teeth of the antero-lateral margins; but it differs in the much stronger tuberculation of the carapace, and in having only two spines on the upper margin of the hand. '
A larger series might show it to be the young of 7. gibbosulus ; but the two specimens before me differ very much from De Haan’s figure of that species,
3*
36 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
TELMESSUS. Telmessus, White, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 1) xvii. p. 497 1846). Err ius yates Brandt, Bull. Phys. Math. Acad. Pétersb. vii. p. 179 (1849).
Cheiragonus, Stimpson, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. vi. p. 465 (1857).
The term Cheiragonus appears to have been adopted for this genus on insufficient grounds ; it is referred to by Latreille, without description, simply as follows :—‘‘ g. Cheiragone (Mém. del’ Acad. de St. Pétersb. 1812),’’ (see Fam. Nat. Régne Anim. p. 270, 1825). On referring to Tilesius’ specific description in (Mém. Acad. Pétersb. y. p. 347, pl. vii. fig. 1, 1815), we find it headed Cheiragonus, the description commencing with the words Cancer cheiragonus. It seems evident to me that Tilesius intended the term Cheiragonus as a specific name for the Kamtchatkan species, which must be designated J'elmessus cheiragonus, as White’s generic name Telmessus comes next in priority and is accompanied by a description.
TELMESSUS ACUTIDENS.
Cheirogonus acutidens, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 40 (1858).
Japan, Kunashir, lat. 43° 34’ N., long. 145° 20’ E., at 11 fathoms, on a bottom of small stones, three specimens, and N.E. of Yedo Island, in lat. 44° 27! N., long. 14° 22’ E., one specimen.
This species is separated from-the Telmessus serratus of the western American coast by a very slight character, the somewhat longer and slenderer teeth of the lateral margins, particularly the third tooth ; yet the distinction is constant as far as the series before me serves to prove. Two of the specimens are prettily speckled with brownish red, the spots being visible beneath the close pubescence of the carapace. The carapace of the largest of the four specimens only measures $ inch in length; and the form of the teeth might undergo some modification as the animal increases in size.
It was previously unrepresented in the British-Museum collection.
Tilesius’ species, Telmessus cheiragonus from Kamtchatka, is de- scribed arid figured as having much longer-and slenderer marginal spines than even 7’. acutidens ; and in the absence of specimens for comparison, I cannot unite the two species.
CaTOMETOPA vel GRAPSOIDEA. MacroruTHALMID. GELASIMUS LACTEUS.
Ocypode (Gelasimus) lactea, De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. pp. 26, 54, pl. xv. fig. 5 (1835); M.-Edw.?, Ann. Sci, Nat. (sér. 3), Zool. xviii. p. 150, pl. iv. fig. 16 (1852).
Four specimens (males) are in the collection, without any particulars regarding the locality at which they were collected.
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS. 37
This species is distinguished by the form of the front, which at base is about one fourth the width of the carapace, with the sides slightly converging to the distal extremity, the margin of which is nearly straight. The oblique ridge on the inner surface of the larger hand is distinctly granulated ; the fingers are not sulcated ex- ternally ; and their inner margins are simply granulated without teeth or lobes in the adult. In younger individuals there is a very small tubercle or granule in the middle of the inferior margins. It is probable that the species figured by Milne-Edwards under the name of G. lacteus (I. c.) is tobe referred to a distinct species, as the lower finger has a distinct subterminal tooth. This species has been hitherto unrepresented in the national collection, as the specimen purchased by the Trustees as from the Leyden Museum under this name, and referred to by White (List Crust. Brit. Mus. p- 36, 1847), belongs to Milne-Edwards’s first section of the genus, and is identical with the G. forcipatus of Adams and White.
GRAPSID&. HETEROGRAPSUS LONGITARSIS, sp. n. (Plate II. fig. 3.)
Carapace nearly as long as broad, quadrate, the surface somewhat uneven and sparsely hairy; the frontal margin straight, without a median sinus; the postfrontal lobes distinctly marked, the lateral margins straight, not arcuated anteriorly as in most species of the genus, and with three prominent acute teeth. The outer maxil- lipeds have the third joint not dilated at its antero-external angle, and the exognath narrow as in other species of the genus. The anterior legs are clothed with short pubescence, not robust; wrist with a small spine on its inner margin; hand with a longitudinal raised line on its outer surface, and with a patch of hair on its inner surface in the males; fingers straight. Ambulatory legs slender, compressed, with short close hair disposed in longitudinal series ; the tarsal joiits of all the legs long and slender. Postabdomen of male nearly as in H. penicillatus. Length and breadth about 2 inch.
Otarranai, lat. 43° 12’ N., long. 141° 1’ E., at 53 fathoms, bottom coarse sand (three males and a female); Yokoska Dock, in Gulf of Yedo, one young individual taken from the ship’s bottom; and in lat. 33° 123' N., long. 129° 5’ E., at 9 fathoms, one young male.
This species is at once distinguished from the Japanese H. san- guineus and H. penicillatus, De Haan, and most species of the genus, by the narrower hairy carapace with straight sides, and the slender elongated tarsal joints of the fifth ambulatory legs ; in these characters it approaches the genus Cyrtograpsus, in which genus, however, the outer maxillipeds leave a wider hiatus when closed, and the lateral margins of the carapace are 4-dentated.
PLATYGRAPSUS DEPRESSUS, junior ?
Platynotus depressus, De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. pp. 37, 63, pl. viii. fig. 2 (1835); M.-Edw. Ann. Sci. Nat. (sér. 3) Zool. xx. p- 199 (1853).
38 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
Platygrapsus depressus, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 104 (1858).
Two small specimens (male and female) are in the collection. These differ from the description and figure of De Haan, and from an adult male of P. depressus in the British-Museum collection, in the existence of a small spine on the wrist at the antero-internal angle; and the posterior tooth of the lateral margins of the carapace is obsolete in one, and very obscurely indicated in the other specimen. The hands are slenderer, and the fingers straight and regularly denticulated on their inner margins, whereas in the adult male the fingers are arcuate and the upper has on its inner margin near the base a large and prominent tooth.
Matoya, 63 fathoms; lat. 34° 13’ N., long. 136° 73' E., 48 fa- thoms.
This species is a common inhabitant of the Chinese and Japanese seas.
The generic name instituted by De Haan, Platynotus, having been previously employed, was changed by Stimpson to Platygrapsus. A second species, P. convexiusculus, described by Stimpson from the Loo-Choo Islands, is scarcely sufficiently distinguished by the characters given.
The genus Platygrapsus is distinguishable from Heterograpsus and other allied genera, with which it has affinities and which are represented in the Japanese seas, by the form of the second and third joints of the outer maxillipeds, which are obliquely articulated with one another, whereas in those genera the margius along which the articulation takes place are at right angles with the lateral margins of the joints.
HELICE TRIDENS.
Ocypode (Helice) tridens, De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. pp. 28, 57, pl. xi. fig. 2, and pl. xv. fig. 6 (1835).
Helice tridens, M.-Edw. Ann. Sci. Nat. (sér. 3), Zool. xx. p. 189 (1853) ; Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 105 (1858).
E. Japan, Yamada, lat. 39° 32’ N., long. 141° 53’ E., at depth of 7 fathoms ; bottom sandy, with broken shells.
A single specimen, an adult female, in the collection. Length 1 inch, breadth nearly 1 inch 4 lines.
This fine species was previously unrepresented in the British- Museum collection.
LEIOLOPHUS PLANISSIMUS.
Cancer planissimus, Herbst, Naturg. Krabben u. Krebse, iii. pl. lix. fig. 3 (1804), Plagusia clavimana, Desm. Consid. Crust. p. 127, pl. xiv. fig 2 (1825); M.-Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust. ii. p. 92 (1837). a ahha planissimus, De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. p. 30 5).
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS. 39
Leiolophus planissimus, Miers, Cat. New-Zeal. Crust. p. 46 (1876); Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 4) i. p, 153 (1878)
Four examples, a male and three females, without definite locality, are in the collection.
This species is very widely distributed, occurring both in the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic Reigons.
CARCINOPLACIDE.
Hereroprax? nitipus, sp. n. (Plate II. fig. 2.)
Carapace smooth, glabrous and shining, subtrapezoidal, transverse, its greatest breadth being at the level of the second lateral marginal tooth ; in front of this the carapace and frontal region is obliquely deflexed ; behind it the carapace is nearly flat, and the lateral margins straight and slightly convergent to the straight posterior margin. Lateral margins with two small teeth, including the outer orbital tooth, Front about one third the breadth of the anterior margin of the carapace, with the anterior margin straight. Eyes about equalling the front. Antenne with the first joint about twice as long as the second, which is small, occupying the hiatus between the inner angle of the orbit and the frontal margin. Outer maxillipeds with the third joint quadrate, and about half as long as the second joint, which is smooth and longitudinally sulcated on its outer sur- face; exognath robust.
Anterior legs (in the female) rather robust; arm very short, smooth ; wrist smooth externally, and with a small tubercle on its inner sur- face; hand smooth, without tubercles or granules ; fingers straight and acute, crossing at the tips when closed. Postabdomen of female 7- jointed. Length 3 lines, breadth rather over 4 lines. Colour whitish ; brownish pink on front of carapace.
A single specimen, a female, was collected at a depth of 40 fathoms in the Corean Straits, lat. 33° 40’ N., long. 182° 55’ E.
I have some doubt whether this species should be referred to the genus Hefteroplax, which is only known to me by Stimpson’s diagnosis, according to which the basal antennal joint is longer and occupies the orbital hiatus. The species in other respects appears referable to the genus. The longitudinal ridges on the palate are distinct. In this character and in the broader front and shorter eye- peduncles it differs from Gonoplax, while Litocheira of Kinahan, another allied form, has, on the contrary, much shorter eyes” and broader and less deflexed front than the species here described. Specimens of the species L. dispinosa, on which the last-mentioned genus was founded, are in the British-Museum collection from Australia; and in these the longitudinal palatal ridges are distinetly marked. Kinahan, however, in his description says that they do not exist.
40 MR. E. J, MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
RHIZOPID. TyPHLOCARCINUS VILLOSUS.
Typhlocareinus villosus, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 96 (1858).
A very small male individual is in the collection, without definite locality, which I refer to this species. The carapace and legs are clothed with a dense, short, whitish pubescence, with longer hairs on the margins, near which the scattered granules, which are elsewhere probably concealed by the hairy coat, are visible. The hands are covered with minute subseriate acute granules. The antero-lateral marginal teeth are very small, and can only be seen by removing the hairs. Length 23, breadth 3 lines.
The specimen agrees with one (a female of larger size) from the Chinese seas, in the British Museum, presented by the Smithsonian Institution.
OxysTOMATA vel LEUCOSIIDEA.
LEUCOSIID#. LevcosIA HZMATOSTICTA, junior ?
Leucosia hematosticta, Ad. and White, Zool. Samarang, Crust. - p- 54, pl. xii. fig. 2 (1848); Bell, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi. p. 289 (1855); Cat. Leucos. Brit. Mus. p. 8 (1855)
Two specimens were collected, in which the beautiful coloration is very well preserved, and which differ from the typical specimens in the British-Museum collection and White’s figure as follows :—The blood-red spots on the carapace and legs are more numerous and smaller, the tubercles on the arms proportionally smaller but similarly disposed, the postabdomen of the male with the sides nearly straight and the second joint not constricted, whereas in the typical _L. hematosticta the second joint is broad at base and greatly narrowed near the distal extremity (see figure quoted). Length of male 43 lines.
Lat. 33° 10' N., long. 129° 12’ E., at a depth of 36 fathoms. June, 1876. One male. A female is in the collection without definite locality.
The differences mentioned, although at first sight sufficiently marked, are probably due to the difference in age of the specimens, which agree in the form of the carapace, front, thoracic sinus, and legs. The male individual obtained by Mr. Adams measures rather more than 4 inch (63 lines).
PsEUDOPHILYRA, gen, nov.
Allied to and intermediate between Lewcosia and Philyra, but differing from the former genus by the absence of the pit or cavity in the subhepatic region which Prof, Bell has called the thoracic sinus, and from Philyra in the prominent tridentate front and slenderer straighter exognath of the outer maxillipeds.
So far as I am aware, this genus includes only the following species, Pseudophilyra tridentata and Pseudophilyra perryi, described by
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS. 41 me in 1877 as Leucosia perryi, and which is distinguished from P. tridentata by the smooth and polished carapace, which is defined by a continuous marginal beaded line. (See Trans. Linn, Soe., Zool. 1. p. 238, pl. xxxviii. figs. 19-21, 1877.)
The genus Leucisea of MacLeay (Annulosa in Smith’s Zool. Ss. Africa, p. 70, 1838), which resembles Leucosia, and in which no mention is made of the existence of a thoracic sinus, differs from Pseudophilyra and Leucosia in having the exognath of the outer maxillipeds robust and curved, and the eyes placed on either side at the base of the front, not at the antero-external angles.
PsEUDOPHILYRA TRIDENTATA, sp. n. (Plate II. fig. 4.)
Carapace (with front) longer than broad, very coarsely punctulated except on the frontal region, where the punctulations are very fine. Frontal margin tridentate, the front itself narrowed and much pro- duced, as in the genus Leucosia. There is a distinct elevation on the hepatic region, and immediately in front of it a marked de- pression. A minutely beaded line defines the posterior and postero- lateral margins of the carapace, becoming obsolete on the antero- lateral margin. The inferior surface of the body is smooth; the exognath of the outer maxillipeds is rather broad, but its outer mar- gin nearly straight, not arcuated as usual in Philyra. The postab- domen of the male has all the joints except the last coalescent, but the sutures are not entirely obliterated. Colour light brownish-pink. Length 44, breadth 4 lines.
One specimen, a male, was collected in lat. 33° 4! N., long. 129° 18' E., in 23 fms.
In this specimen the legs are unfortunately wanting ; an anterior leg that was in the same phial, and probably belongs to the speci- men, has the arm very finely tuberculated, wrist and hand smooth, fingers slightly gaping at base when closed.
PuILyRa, sp.
Several specimens (males and females) of a species of Philyra, on account of their small size (their length is only about 3 lines), I do not designate by a distinct specific name, as they may not be fully matured. They resemble Ph. platycheira, De Haan, in the form of the carapace, which is nearly smooth and marked with a distinct depression between the cardiac and branchial regions, in the very finely granulated arms, &c. The anterior legs, however, are much shorter than in that species, the palm shorter and more swollen, and the fingers less compressed. The pterygostomian region is not an- gulated, and the intestinal region rather convex. From the P. pisum described by De Haan this species differs in the non-angulated ptery- gostomian region, from the P. tuberculosa, Stimpson, from Hong- Kong, in the non-tuberculated carapace, and from the P. unidentata, Stimpson, from the China Sea, in the form ofthe front. It may not improbably be a distinct species from any hitherto described.
Collected at Matoya, in 63 fms.
42 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
The colour is light yellowish brown, flecked with spots of darker brown, of which two are rather prominent and situated one on each branchial region.
Myra.
The species of this genus, all of which occur in the seas of Eastern Asia, bear a very close resemblance to one another; and the form and tuberculation of the carapace and anterior legs not improbably alter considerably as the animal increases in age. On this account it is not without much hesitation that I regard the specimens de- scribed below as belonging to a distinct and undescribed form, as they are all of small size; but they cannot, in the present state of our knowledge, be referred to any of the known species.
Myra DUBIA, sp. n.
Carapace convex, rhomboid-oval, longer than broad, and covered with minute distant granules ; there is a faintly but distinctly marked longitudinal median raised line. The median spine or tubercle is but little longer than the lateral ones, conical and acute; and a short distance in front of it, on the front of the intestinal region, is another very small but distinct tubercle. Front and hepatic regions as in Myra carinata. Anterior legs about twice as long as the body, slender ; arm distinctly and hand finely granulated ; fingers straight and acute. Postabdomen of the male elongate-triangular, with the sides nearly straight ; surface smooth and flat; all the joints except the last coalescent. Length 63 lines, breadth 53 lines.
Three specimens, males, are in the collection, without definite lo- cality.
The nearest ally of this species is evidently the Myra carinata of Bell from the Philippines, from which it differs in the broader carapace with shorter median posterior spine. Moreover it differs from this and all the other species of the genus in the existence of the small tubercle in front of the posterior spine. There is, how- ever, in the British-Museum collection a male individual from Hong- Kong, of much larger size, which may be identical with the Japa- nese species, in which the tubercle does not exist. From Myra Sugax, affinis, elegans, and mamillaris it differs in the form of the tubercles of the posterior margin and postabdomen of the male.
ExBALIA RHOMBOIDALIS, Sp. n.
Carapace rhomboidal, rather broader than long, uniformly and finely granulated; cardiac and intestinal regions convex but not tuberculated. Frontal margin straight. Antero-lateral margins straight and not interrupted, forming nearly a right angle with the postero-lateral margins, which are nearly straight ; posterior mar-~ gin, behind the intestinal prominence, obscurely bilobated. A moderately prominent longitudinal median ridge joins the front and the intestinal prominence with the elevated cardiac region ; and from the cardiac and intestinal regions transverse ridges reach to the postero- lateral margins. There is no tubercle on the pterygostomian
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS. 43
region. Anterior legs rather long and nearly smooth ; arm obscurely trigonous, but without prominent angles ; palm moderately convex ; fingers straight and acute. Postabdomen of male with all the seg- ments except the last coalescent. Length 54 lines, breadth 6 lines.
A male and female are in the collection, without definite locality.
This species differs from most of the genus in the entire absence of tubercles upon the carapace. It has some affinity with Héalia tuberosa, Pennant (E. pennantii, Leach), from the British seas, but differs in the uninterrupted lateral margins and in the form of the front, which in that species is concave.
EBALIA MINOR, sp. n.
This species resembles the preceding ; but the carapace is broader and very much more coarsely granulated on the frontal, cardiac, branchial, and intestinal regions and antero-lateral and postero-lateral margins. The front is slightly concave. The intestinal region is much less prominent, and there is scarcely any trace of longitudinal and transverse ridges ; the posterior and postero-lateral margin of the carapace is slightly revolute. Length 3 lines, breadth 32 lines.
Three males and one female were collected with the preceding ; and all are of much smaller size than the fully-grown male of the preceding species, to which they bear much external resemblance. The distinctions, however, are not sexual, and appear too considerable for the two forms to be varieties of one and the same species.
EBALIA BITUBERCULATA, Sp. n.
This species resembles the E. rhomboidalis; but the longitudinal and transverse ridges on the carapace and the depressions on the branchial region are much more strongly marked; in the centre of the carapace, upon the branchial region, are two distinct tubercles; the posterior margin is broader and straight, not bilobed.
A single female example was obtained at 52 fms., in lat. 34° 12! N., long. 136° 28! E.
CRYPTOCNEMUS PENTAGONUs. (Plate II. fig. 5.)
Cryptocnemus pentagonus, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p- 161 (1858).
A single male individual is in the collection, obtained at 36 fms., in lat. 33° 10' N., long. 129° 12' E., in June 1876. It has unfortunately lost all its legs, but agrees in all respects with Stimpson’s de- scription.
This is a most interesting addition to the British-Museum collection, as only three species have been described, the present being the only one not figured hitherto, and that on which the genus was founded. A comparison of the figure now given with that of the C. holdsworthi described by me last year in Trans. Linn. Soc. (ser. 2), Zool. i. p. 241, pl. xxxviii. figs. 30-32, will show the differences in the form of the carapace and rostrum between the two species.
44 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM (Jan. 14,
ARCANIA GLOBATA.
Arcania globata, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 160 (1858).
A single specimen, male, was collected in 24 fms., in lat. 34° 8! N., long. 126° 24! E.
The legs are unfortunately wanting; but the form and armature of the carapace and rostrum agree exactly with Stimpson’s description. Its nearest allies are apparently the Arcania tuberculata of Bell (Trans. Linn. Soe. xxi. p. 310, pl. xxxiv. fig. 8, 1855)—from which it differs in the longer, more acute, and equal spines on the surface of the body,—and the Arcania erinacea of Vabricius, which has the legs spinulose and the front much more deeply incised. There is a second specimen, from the “ Eastern Seas,”’ in the British-Museum collection.
I take this opportunity of noting that the Areania granulosa described by me (Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. i. p. 240, pl. xxxviii. fig. 29, 1877) must probably be united with the Arcania 11-spinosa of De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. p. 135, pl. xxxiii. fig. 8 (1841), the characters given not being sufficient to distinguish it from that species.
ARCANIA ORIENTALIS, Sp. nl.
Carapace subglobose, compressed, with the front somewhat pro- duced, and with two depressions, well defined posteriorly, separating the cardiac and branchial regions ; the whole of the upper surface covered with small closely-placed granules. Cardiac and intestinal regions very high and convex. Front slightly bilobed, with a median sulcus between the eyes; lateral margins of the carapace without spines ; posterior margin straight, and forming on each side a promi- nent but rounded angle with the postero-lateral margins. Anterior legs rather slender, with the arm very finely granulated; wrist and hand nearly smooth. Postabdomen of the male narrow-triangular, with all the joints except the first and last coalescent ; the coalesced por- tion is marked with a longitudinal median sulcus, a prominence on each side at base, and a prominent acute tubercle at the distal extremity, the terminal joint is narrow and elongated. Length and breadth about 3 lines.
Two individuals, males, are in the collection :—one obtained in lat. 33° 10! N., long. 129° 12! E., at 36 fms. ; the other at 30 fms., in lat. 34° 10! N., and long. 136° 47! E.
This species is distinguished from its congeners by the evenly granu- lated carapace, which is quite destitute of spines. The granules in one specimen preserve some faint traces of a red coloration.
ANOMURA!. DROMIDEA. Dromiip2&. CRYPTODROMIA, Sp.
A very small specimen, obtained at 30 fathoms, in lat. 34° 10' N., long. 136° 47! E., is in the collection.
1 For convenience’ sake, Dana’s arrangement and nomenclature of the groups of Anomura is followed.
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS. 45
The frontal portion of the carapace is triangular, deflexed, concave above, with five obscure marginal teeth (including the supraocular and median frontal teeth). Carapace convex, sparsely pubescent, without any indication of the different regions ; antero-lateral mar- gin with three small teeth. The anterior legs are small, weak, pubescent, and smooth. The second and third legs are compressed, pubescent, and with a tubercle at the distal extremity of the penul- timate and antepenultimate joints. This individual may be the young of C. tumida, Stimpson, from the island of Ousima ; it would not in any case be desirable to constitute it the type of a new species. Length barely 3 lines. The specimen is a young male.
Homouip2x? ParaTYMOLUS.
The carapace is shaped nearly as in Homola, e. g. with the front aud postfrontal region deflexed, behind the hepatic region flat, with the sides nearly straight. The front is prominent and narrow, composed of two coalescent spines. The antennules are small and apparently broken in the single specimen collected. The antennze are elongated, the joints of the peduncle hairy, the flagella very slender. The eyes are slender, of normal shape, the peduncles cylindrical and laterally projecting, not, as in Homola, divided into two portions. The outer maxillipeds are rather slender, the second about twice as long as the third joint, the exognath slender and not prolonged beyond the end of the third joint. The anterior legs in the female very slender, fingers longer than the slender palm; the ambulatory legs ali alike in form, slender, smooth, the tarsal joints long, straight, and unarmed, those of the fifth pair not raised upon the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax. Postabdomen (of female) jointed, ovate.
The systematic position of this genus is somewhat uncertain, as the specimen, which is unique and very small, cannot be dissected with safety. Stimpson placed his genus Zymolus among the Dorip- pide; but the outer maxillipeds of Paratymolus are more of the Maioid than of the Leucosiid type; and on account of its general resemblance to Homola I place it, at least provisionally, with that genus among the Anomura Maiidica. Although the legs are not dorsally raised upon the cephalothorax, it evinces a certain degra- dation from the Brachyural type in the absence of defined orbits, the long antenne, and several other points; but it may hereafter be thought better to place it among the Maioid Brachyura. The outer maxilipeds are less pediform than in Homola, but less distinctly operculiform than in the generality of Maioid Crustaceans.
PARATYMOLUS PUBESCENS, sp. n. (Plate II. fig. 6.)
Carapace and legs everywhere covered with a close velvety pu- bescence ; a strong spine at the angle of the hepatic region, and another smaller in front of it, two small tubercles in front of the gastric and one on the cardiac region, and two in the middle of the
46 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM (Jan. 14,
postero-lateral margin. Arms smooth; wrist with a long spine on its inner margin. ‘The slender terminal joints of the iegs are longer than the preceding joints. Length of carapace and rostrum barely 3 lines.
A single female example was collected at Matoya, at a depth of 63 fms.
This specimen is of very small size; but in the form of the fifth ambulatory legs it appears to be generically distinct, both from Ho- mola and Tymolus, an allied genus from the Japanese seas, de- scribed by Stimpson ; from the former genus it is further distinguished by the form of the eyes, and from the latter by that of the front, which is not quadridentate.
RANINIDEA.
RANINA SERRATA.
Cancer raninus, Linn. Syst. Nat. (ed. xii.), p. 1039 (1766).
Ranina serrata, Lam. Syst. An. sans Vert. p. 256 (1801); M.- Edw. Crust. in Cuvier, Régne Animal (ed 3), Atlas, pl. xli; Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. xiii. Crust. i. p. 404 (1852).
Ranina dentata, Latr. Encyel. Méth. p. 268 (1825); M.-Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust. ii. p. 194, pl. xxi. figs. 1-4 (1837); De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust, p. 139, pl. xxxiv. ¢ adult, pl. xxxv. fig. 1, 2 adult, figs. 2 & 3, front of 3, fig. 4, front of 9 (1841).
A single individual, a male, was collected in Olvasi, Nipon, of moderate size, of this well-known species, which appears to be widely distributed through the Indo-Pacific region.
LyREIDEUS TRIDENTATUS ?
Lyreideus tridentatus, De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. p. 140, pl. v. fig. 6 (1849).
A single specimen in imperfect condition was collected in Kada Bay, which I refer to De Haan’s species with some doubt, as it differs in several particulars from the figure in the ‘ Fauna Japonica,’ and the figures illustrating this work are, as a rule, most accurate. The carapace in the specimen before me is proportionally narrower, barely equalling in width half the total length. The greatest width at the lateral spines is attained at a greater distance from the front than in the specimen figured by De Haan; the median triangular lobe of the front is narrower; and there are four spines on the inferior margin of the hand.
If the species should prove upon comparison to be distinct, it may be designated L. elongatus. It in any case forms an interesting and valuable addition to the national collection, in which the genus was hitherto unrepresented ; nor does it appear that any specimens were collected in the United States Expedition to the North Pacific, as none are mentioned in Stimpson’s Report.
PoRCELLANIDEA. PORCELLANA SPINULIFRONS, sp. 0. Two small specimens are in the collection, the exact locality
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS. 47
whence they were obtained not being stated. They differ from the description of P. latifrons Stimpson (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 243, 1858), only in the following particulars. There are only two spines on the lateral margins of the carapace in front of the branchial regions, and one behind the outer orbital spine. ‘The denticulations of the frontal lobes are very minute, but more numerous than in P. latifrons—about 9 on the median lobe and 4 on each lateral lobe ; there are only two spines on the posterior margin of the carpus.
It is possible that a larger series would show these differences are not of specific importance,
PACHYCHELES STEVENSII.
Pachycheles stevensii, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 242 (1858).
Two specimens are in the collection, without definite locality (male and female). This species was previously unrepresented in the collection of the British Museum. Stimpson’s specimens were from the west coast of the island of Jesso, Japan.
With one exception (the P. natalensis, Krauss) the only species of this genus, besides the two described by Stimpson, inhabit the American coasts—another indication of the affinity existing between its Crustacean fauna and that of the Japanese seas,
LITHCDIDEA. HAPALOGASTER DENTATUS.
Lomis dentata, De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. p. 219, pl. xlviii. fig. 3 (1849).
Hapalogaster dentatus, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 245 (1858).
A single specimen, female, in mutilated condition, was collected at the Goto Islands at low-water mark. It agrees well with a speci- men from Simoda, presented to the British Museum by the Smith- sonian Institution.
This species belongs to a genus which, having a boreal range, is found on the west coast of the American continent as well as on the shores of Eastern Asia. An allied species, H. mertensii, has been described by Brandt from Sitka, and a third, H. cavicauda, by Stimpson from California.
CRYPTOLITHODES EXPANSUS, Sp. 0.
The species which I have thus designated is represented only by a single small specimen in dried condition. The carapace is trans- versely oval, with the lateral wing-like expansions broadly rounded, the surface everywhere minutely punctulated. The rostrum is scarcely at all deflexed, truncated, and but very obscurely triden- tate at its distal end. There is a convexity upon the gastric, and one more prominent upon the cardiac region, on either side of which is a less elevated tubercle, the three forming a transverse series. A longitudinal median ridge extends from the gastric prominence
48 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
nearly to the distal end of the rostrum. There are no tubercles on the lateral expansions of the carapace; but the lateral margins are obscurely toothed, as in C. ¢ypicus. The anterior legs have the palms tuberculated externally; and the ambulatory legs are cristate, as in that species. Length to end of rostrum 42 lines, breadth 6 lines.
North Japan.
From Oryptolithodes typicus, Brandt, from California, this species differs in the less-deflexed rostrum, the absence of tubercles on the lateral lobes of the carapace, and the shape of these expansions, which are broadly rounded, with the lateral margins regularly arcu- ated, whereas in C. ¢ypicus the latero-anterior and latero-posterior margins form a more or less distinct angle one with another. It is probable that this character will always suffice to differentiate the species, even if the others should fail in older individuals. C. sit- chensis, Brandt, from Sitka, bas, according to Stimpson, a tridentate rostrum and smooth hands.
C. alta-fissura, Spence Bate, from Vancouver Island, of which there is a specimen in the Museum, is distinguished by the broad, flat, and rectangular rostrum, and the deep notch in the carapace in which the eyes are situated’.
PAGURIDEA. EvUPAGURUS CAVIMANUS, sp. n. (Plate III. fig. 1.)
Carapace slightly punctulated on the sides in front of the bran- chial regions, and with a small acute median frontal lobe. Eye- peduncles subcylindrical, scarcely shorter than the peduncles of the antennee, not constricted in the middle, their basal scales entire, and concave above. Antennules with the peduncles rather longer than the eyes. Antenne with their slender basal acicles a little shorter than the peduncles. Anterior legs very un- equal; larger (right) leg with the arm very short, trigonous, concave on its outer surface, and with a few spinules on its distal upper mar- gin; wrist about as long as broad, and much broadest at its distal extremity, convex and faintly punctulated on its outer surface, its inner surface smooth and concave, and its upper and lower margins distally produced into thin crests, the upper of which is obscurely serrated ; hand with the upper and lower margins parallel and sub- cristiform, slightly convex, and nearly smooth on its outer surface, mobile finger not cristate above, and about as long as the upper margin of the palm. Smaller leg very slender, wrist externally granulated and serrated above ; palm subovate, smooth, and concave on its outer surface. Legs of second and third pairs slender, nearly smooth, the terminal joints rather longer than the preceding, and with short stiff hairs on their upper and lower margins.
1 There is also a dried specimen in the Museum, from Vancouver Island, which closely resembles C. typicus, but is distinguished by the form of the ros- trum, which is obtusely triangular, and does not project beyond the anterior margin of the carapace. This 1 propose to designate C. brevifrons.
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS. 49
One individual was collected at a depth of 100 fathoms, in lat. 41° 40' N., long. 141° 10! E.
By the form of the ophthalmic scales, the dilated carpus of the right anterior leg, and the externally concave palm of the left ante- rior leg, this species is easily distinguishable from its congeners.
Tt does not seem to be allied in any close degree to any of the species described by Stimpson from the Chinese and Japanese seas. In Hupagurus forceps, M.-Edw., a Chilian species, which has the wrist of the larger hand strongly cristate above and beneath, the fingers of the smaller hand are described as being very long, slender, and acute, whereas in #. cavimanus they are of moderate length.
There are a few other specimens of Paguridea in the collection, which, being in mutilated condition, cannot be determined with certainty. One, obtained at the Goto Islands at low-water mark, has lost the postabdomen and one of the anterior legs, but is perhaps referable to the Pagurus lanuginosus of De Haan. Another, which, like Pomatocheles jeffreysii, inhabited a shell of Dentalium, is too imperfect to be described.
PoMATOCHELES, gen. noy.!
Cephalothorax and its appendages as in the Paguride. Carapace with a median frontal lobe, and postfrontal and other sutures ; pos- teriorly it is partly membranaceous. Postabdomen as in the Ma- crura, extended, straight, with parallel sides, composed of seven distinct segments, inferiorly closed by two longitudinally-folding membranaceous flaps, which meet in the middle line. Eye-peduncles slender, cylindrical, straight. Antennules and antenne rather short, the latter with simple multiarticulate flagella. Antennal aciculum small, Outer maxillipeds subpediform. Anterior legs (as in Cancel- Jus) equal ; hands bent obliquely downwards from the wrists, and flat- tened above, fingers opening horizontally, and acute at tips. Second and third legs slender, elongated, terminal joints long, straight, and acute. Fourth and fifth legs small and weak ; last joint of fourth pair with a small terminal claw, and that of the fifth pair with a tuft of hairs and minute claw at its distal end. Postabdominal appen- dages of the second to fifth segments slender, those of the second segment elongated, and 4- or 5-jointed, the rest short. Appendages of the penultimate segment (uropoda) with two lamellate unequal rami. Telson membranaceous in its distal half, and divided by a terminal notch into two rounded lobes. ; i
I have much pleasure in dedicating the single species of this re- markable genus to Dr. J. Gwyn Jeffreys, F.R.S., by whom the entire series of Crustacea collected by Capt. St. John was presented to the British Museum.
PoMATOCHELES JEFFREYSII, sp. 0. (Plate III. fig. 2.) The animal is slender and elongated. The carapace is marked
1 roma, a lid, and yn\7q, a claw. Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1879, No. IV. 4
50 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
with a distinct postfrontal and lateral suture, besides two smaller and less distinct sutures on the sides towards the lateral margins. The median frontal lobe is broadly triangulate and rounded at apex. The first postabdominal segment is very small, the five following subequal, with the lateral margins straight, the last small, transpa- rent, and membranaceous in its distal half, and ciliated on its mar- gins, the terminal median notch very small. The ocular peduncles are a little shorter than the frontal margin, and are furnished with very small scales at base. The corneze are of a red-brown colour. The antennules are half as long again as the eye-pedunceles, the an- tenne about as long as the antennules; the aciculum at base very small, acute, not half as long as the eye-peduncles. The anterior legs are much as in Cancellus ; the arms with a slight denticulated crest on their upper surface, the wrists very short and slightly denti- culated above; the flattened upper surface of the palms is covered with thick short hair, the surface beneath being smooth, and the straight inner and arcuate outer margins very slightly denticulated. The slender and elongated legs of the second and third pairs have the antepenultimate joint short, the two following long and straight, the last in particular very long, slender, and acute. The truncated distal end of the last joint of the fourth leg is armed with a series of short stiff setze or spinules, and a small claw or spine; that of the fifth pair is densely ciliated. The basal portion of the uropoda is short and broad, and bears two unequal lamelliform rami, which are of spongy texture on the outer surface, and ciliated on the margins ; the outer is twice as long as the inner. Length 5 lines.
Two specimens were collected, inhabiting a species of Dentalium, at a depth of 58 fathoms, in lat. 32° 43’ N., long. 129° 28! E., pre- served in spirit. They were so firmly ensconced in the narrow coni- cal shell that forms their home, that the one from which the fore- going description was mainly taken could not be extracted without breaking the shell. The chele of the anterior legs, meeting above the head, and in close contact along their flat inner margins, forma perfect operculum, fitting the aperture of the shell (hence the name of the genus), serving to defend its inhabitant against foreign in- truders.
Subsequently two other specimens, in a dry state, were extracted from specimens of Dentalium, collected in 48 fathoms, in lat. 34° 13! N., long. 136° 37’ E, They appear to be males, as the genital apertures are visible at the base of the fifth legs.
This remarkable form is of great interest as apparently establishing a transition from the Paguridea to the Macrura. In the form of the carapace, eyes, antenne, and cephalothoracic limbs it has so much affinity with Cancellus, that, had the rest of the animal been wanting, I should have considered it a species of that genus. But in the narrow, straight, and distinctly-segmented postabdomen, and in the form of its appendages, it far more nearly approaches the Macrura than does Cancellus. Perhaps its nearest allies are to be found in the little-known genus Prophylax of Latreille’, and Glau-
1 In Cuy. R, A, (ed, 2), p. 78 (1829).
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS, 51
cothoé of Milne-Fdwards!. The latter, which is placed by Dana in the Gebiide, is only known to me by the figures and descriptions of its author; it presents decided affinities with the Paguridea in the form of the fourth and fifth legs of the cephalothorax, eyes, antenne, and anterior legs, which are more distinctly Macruran in type. Glaucothoé has been considered by Mr. Spence Bate? to be but the immature condition of Pagurus; and he figures and notices a speci- men of that or a closely-allied genus that had been taken floating on the surface of the sea. Whether his contention be correct or not (and his remarks and figures do not appear to me to suflice to decide the question), there can, I think, be little doubt that the specimens of Pomatocheles I have examined are mature ; and the fact that they had been found at considerable depths permanently ensconced within the shell of Dentalium seems confirmatory of that opinion. From Glaucothoé Pomatocheles is easily distinguished by the form of the chelze of the anterior legs and of the carapace, not to mention other characters.
GALATHEIDEA.’ GALATHEA ORIENTALIS.
Galathea orientalis, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 252 (1858).
A large series of this species was collected, the specimens agreeing in all respects with Stimpson’s description, and the number of spines on the gastric region and lateral margins being remarkably constant ; only it is to be noted that the large spine on the inner surface of the wrist varies considerably in size, sometimes not being much larger than the other spinules of the anterior legs; there is usually a small tooth on the inner margin of the immobile finger.
This species, like the Pilumnus hirsutus and Cymodocea trilobata, to be described in the second part of this Report, is a very common inhabitant of the Chinese seas, having been dredged at no fewer than nine different localities in or near the Corean Straits, at depths varying from 12 to 50 fathoms. Stimpson’s specimens were from the Ly-i-moon Straits, near Hong-Kong.
MunIDA JAPONICA.
Munida japonica, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. B. 252 (1858).
A single specimen was collected in the Corean Straits, lat. 33° 14’ N., long. 182° 55! E., at a depth of 40 fathoms. The legs are, unfortunately, wanting ; but in the form of the carapace and rostrum, and the number and position of the spines of the cephalothorax, it agrees perfectly with Stimpson’s description, whose specimens were collected at Kagosima, Japan.
* Ann. Sci. Nat. sér.1, xix. p. 334 (1830); Hist. Nat, Crust, ii. p- 306 (1837) ; and Atlas, in Cuv. R. A. Crust. (ed. 3), pl. xliii. fig. 2. d
* Rep. Brit. Assoc. p. 53 (1865); Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 4, ii, p. 115, pl. ix. fig. 3 (1868),
4*
52 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
MACRURA.
THALASSINIDEA.
GEBIID&. GEBIA MAJOR.
Gebia major, De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. p. 165, pl. xxxv. fig. 7 (1849).
Several specimens are in the collection from Katzura and Kada Bay, some obtained from coarse sand and gravel 18 to 20 inches below surface. The spinules on the upper margin of the hand, mentioned by De Haan, are very small, and concealed by the longer hairs, so as to be scarcely distinguishable.
CARIDEA.
CRANGONID. PARACRANGON ECHINATUS.
Paracrangon echinatus, Dana, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 20 (1852); U.S. Expl. Exp. xiii. Crust. i. p. 538, pl. xxxiil. fig. 6 (1852); Stimpson, Boston Journ. Nat. Hist. v. p. 497 (1857).
A single specimen, apparently a male, was collected north-east of Yedo Island, in lat. 44° 27' N., long. 141° 22! E., and differs in no respect whatever from the Californian species deseribed by Dana, which was described from specimens dredged in Puget Sound, and of which authentic examples from California are in the Museum collection, presented by the Smithsonian Institution.
The occurrence of the single species known of this curious genus (which, with the hands of a Crangon, has the external appearance, elongate rostrum, &c. of a Hippolyte, and which is remarkable for the total obsolescence of the cephalothoracic legs of the second pair) on both sides of the Pacific Ocean is a noteworthy fact; and it is probable that, with further opportunities of comparison, other species will be shown to have a similarly extended range.
ALPHEIDZ. ALPHEUS.
There is probably scarcely any genus of Crustacea in which the species are more numerous, and which more greatly needs thorough revision than the present. Not only are the characters in them- selves hardly to be defined and accurately appreciated without the aid of well-executed figures, but we do not know at present how far those which are generally adopted in distinguishing the species (7. e. the form and sculpture of the hands and the proportional length of the joints of the wrists of the anterior legs) may be modified by the age and sex of the individual. Under these circumstances it is not without considerable hesitation that I describe below two species as new, which, however, are distinct from any hitherto recorded, so far as I can judge from the materials available to me for comparison.
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS. 53
ALPHEUS BIS-INCISUS.
Alpheus bis-incisus, De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. pl. xlv. fig. 3 on plate, Alpheus avarus in text, l.c. p. 17; Stimpson, Proce. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p- 30 (1860), nee Alpheus avarus, Fabricius, fide Stimpson.
Two specimens are in the collection, one female, in fine condition, obtained at Katsura, on the east coast of J apan, and a smaller indi- vidual, without definite locality.
Dr. Stimpson, in his report, quoted above, retains the name of bis-incisus tor a species which he regards as distinct from the Alpheus avarus of Fabricius, with which, on the other hand, he considers the Alpheus strenuus of Dana (Expl. Exp., Crust. p- 543, pl. xxxiv. fig. 4), from Tongatabu, identical. Both Species were collected in the American expedition to the North Pacific; and as I do not know the grounds on which he separated them, I follow for the present his nomenclature—although it would appear from compari- son of the figures and descriptions that the Alpheus bis-incisus and A. strenuus are identical, while the A. avarus of Fabricius is de- scribed in such general terms that it would apply to several very different species ; indeed by Milne-Edwards it is thought to be pro- bably identical with Alpheus brevirostris of Olivier, which belongs to a different section of the genus from A. bis-incisus and A. strenuus.
ALPHEUS JAPONICUS, Sp. n.
Carapace smooth. Rostrum narrow-triangular and acute, pro- jecting rather beyond the orbits, which themselves project beyond the lateral margins of the carapace. Orbits without spines. Between the eyes and rostrum the carapace is very slightly concave. Second joint cf the antennules not twice as long as the first. Anterior legs very unequal, the larger with the arm short, trigonous, enlarging distally, with a small spine at the distal end of its upper and lower margin ; wrist very small, transverse ; hand (with fingers) laterally compressed, very slightly contorted, nearly three times as long as broad ; palm smooth, not cristate above, with the upper and lower margins straight and terminating in an acute lobe a short distance behind the articulation of the fingers; on the inner and outer sides of the palm, near the upper margin, is a longitudinal depression gra- dually obliterated towards the proximal extremity, that on the inner surface is narrow and triangulate, that on the outer broader and ob- long in shape ; the upper finger is broadest and rounded at its distal extremity, with a large tooth on its inner margin, fitting into a cor- responding cavity on the inner margin of the lower finger; both are slightly hairy: the other anterior leg is slightly longer but very much more slender than the first described, which it resembles in the shape of the arm and wrist; the hand is very slender, smooth, and straight, no thicker than the wrist, the fingers hairy, and very slightly longer than the palm; the first joint ot the wrist is longest, the third subequal and shortest, the fifth but little longer than the
54 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
third. The outer maxillipeds are densely hairy towards the extremi- ties; the ambulatory legs slightly hairy on the penultimate joints.
Length of largest specimen about 12 inch.
Two specimens were collected :—one in lat. 34° 6! N., long. 136° 15! E., at 11 fathoms; the other in lat. 35° 7! N., long. 136° 55! E., at 3 fathoms, on a bottom of soft mud. ~ So far as can be judged from the descriptions of the numerous species of this genus, the one now described differs from all those of the same section (in which the rostrum rises from the margin of the front, the basal joint of the antennz is without a spine, the larger hand excavated above and below, and the orbital margins without spi- nules) in the form and proportions of the anterior legs. The anterior legs somewhat resemble those of A. bis-incisus and A. lobidens, De Haan, but are much more slender and elongate, there is a spine at the distal end of both the upper and lower margins of the arms, and the lobes terminating the upper and lower margins of the larger hand are both acute.
ALPHEUS KINGSLEYI, Sp. 0.
Carapace smooth; upper orbital margins rounded and without spines. Rostrum acute, projecting little beyond the orbits, between the eyes very narrow-linear, and separated from them by deep de- pressions in the surface of the carapace. Antennules with the second joint of the peduncle more than twice as long as the first, and, like the antennz, without a basal spine. Antennal scale nar- row, with a prominent spine at its antero-external angle. Anterior legs very finely granulated, the margins of palms and fingers with long flexible hairs; in the larger (right) leg the arm is without spines at its distal extremity ; wrist very small, transverse; hand (with fingers) rather more than twice as long as broad, laterally compressed ; palm with its upper margin marked with two longitu- dinal lines of long hairs, and with a small transverse groove near the base of the mobile finger, inner and outer surface smooth, not cari- nated, outer surface slightly concave below upper margin, with a faintly-marked oblique impressed line near its base; lower margin straight, entire, subacute ; fingers nearly as long as the palm, nearly straight, the upper broad and bluntly rounded at its distal extremity : the other leg is slender, smooth, the palm compressed, the fingers about twice as long as the palm, slightly arcuated, leaving a space between their inner margins, and crossing at the tips when closed. The second pair of legs has the first and second joints of the carpus each nearly as long as the three following together, the third and fourth joints being very short, the fifth but little longer. The dac- tyli of the following legs are slender and straight. Length about 1 inch 1 line.
One individual is in the collection, obtained with a specimen of the preceding species, in lat. 35° 7! N., long. 136° 55’ E., at 3 fathoms, on a muddy bottom.
_ This species, on account of the form of the front and anterior legs, belongs to a small section of the genus d/pheus including the A.
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS. 55
brevirostris, Olivier, and A. lobidens, De Haan, and the A. malaba- ricus and A. rapaz, Fabricius, as described and figured by the latter- mentioned author in the ‘Fauna Japonica.’ From the A. breviros- éris it differs in the absence of crests upon the upper surface of the larger hand, the finger of which is proportionally much longer, and nearly straight, and from the three other species in the absence of ridges on the outer and inner surface of the palm, and of spines at the distal extremity of the arm, &c. It is evidently very nearly allied to A. rapax, which, however, is described (De Haan, J. ¢.) as having “manus major glabra 4-costata, brachia carina superiore apice unispinosa.”
I dedicate this species to Mr. J. S. Kingsley, of Salem, U. S., who, by his recent researches, has greatly facilitated the determination of tne American species of this genus.
ALPHEUS GRACILIPES ?
? Alpheus gracilipes, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p. 31 (1860).
I refer to this species with some hesitation a small individual collected in lat. 32° 49’ N., long. 128° 54' E. It agrees in all parti- culars with Stimpson’s description, based on a specimen from Tahiti, except that the orbits can scarcely be called acute in front, and the penultimate joint of the ambulatory legs is about 6-spined below. I may add that the larger hand is sparsely pilose and slightly twisted, the mobile finger about one third the total length of the hand. The smaller hand is wanting in the specimen.
RaYNCHOCYCLUS PLANIROSTRIS.
Cyclorhynchus planirostris, De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. p. 175, pl. xlv. fig. 7 (1849).
Rhynchocyclus planirostris, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p- 27 (1860).
Rhynchocyclus mucronatus, Stimpson, /.c. p. 28 (1860), var.
One adult female, with ova, was collected at Cape Sima, Nippon, at a depth of 18 fathoms, on a bottom of sand and broken shells, and one, apparently male, in the Gulf of Yedo. It is to be noted that in neither specimen is the wrist carinated above and spinose at apex, as in De Haan’s description. In all other respects the female, however, agrees with the description and figure of that author. The second specimen, in the somewhat narrower longer rostrum, and the existence of but a single spine on the dorsal surface of the carapace, agrees with Stimpson’s diagnosis of R. mucronatus, which was based on specimens collected in the Strait of Ly-i-moon, near Hong Kong; but the denticles on the anterior margin of the ros- trum are more numerous in both individuals. In both, moreover, exist the spines on the anterior margin of the carapace, mentioned by Stimpson; and in both the joints of the wrist are of the same proportional length, ¢. e. the second longer than either the first and third. It is probable that Stimpson’s species is at most a. meré
56 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM (Jan. 14,
variety of the planirostris ; or the differences may be those peculiar to the male sex. :
HippoLyTE LEPTOGNATHA, var.
? Hippolyte leptognatha, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil. p- 34 (1860).
- Rather slender. Carapace dorsally carinated, the carina reaching nearly to the posterior margin; anterior margin with two small spines below the eye, and another at the antero-inferior angle. Ros- trum elongated, longer than the carapace, its apex reaching beyond the end of the shorter thickened flagellum of the antennules ; its upper margin straight, horizontal, and 6-dentate, the two or three last teeth situate on the dorsal crest, inferior margin with about six small and crowded teeth. The postabdomen is strongly geniculated. The outer maxillipeds slender and elongated, reaching nearly to the apex of the rostrum. Anterior legs rather slender; the palm longer than the fingers, and rather longer than the wrist. Wrist of second pair of legs 7-jointed, the second and sixth joints shortest, and the third joint the longest. Only one of the following legs exists in the specimen before me; in this the merus joint is armed with a series of spinules on its inferior margin, the penultimate joint is long, and the last joint short.
The single specimen, a female with ova, was collected in the Gulf of Yedo, and is in a mutilated condition.
It agrees in so many particulars with Stimpson’s description of #1. leptognatha, from Hakodadi, that I have not ventured to consider it distinct ; as will be seen from the description, however, it differs in the more numerous teeth of the rostrum, of which fewer are placed on the dorsal surface of the carapace.
PANDALUS GRACILIS.
Pandalus gracilis, Stimpson, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci, Phil. p. 37 (1860).
A single specimen was obtained in the Korean Straits, in lat. 34° 8'N., long. 126° 24’ E.; temp. of water 71°, at a depth of 17 fathoms. It is ina very mutilated condition, the legs being im- perfect and rostrum broken at the tip; but it agrees well with Stimp- son’s description and a specimen presented by the Smithsonian Institution from Hakvudadi.
PEN ZIDEA. PENAID.
Pen zus arrinis, M.-Edw.
Peneus affinis, M.-Edw. Hist. Nat. Crust. ii. p. 416 (1837); De Haan, Faun. Japon., Crust. p. 192, pl. xlvi. fig. 3, barbatus on plate (1849); Miers, Proe. Zool. Soe. p. 304 (1878).
Peneus velutinus, Dana, U.S. Expl. Exp. xiii., Crust. i. p- 604, pl. xl. fig. 4 (1852). prec male individual, was collected in lat. 32° 49’ N., long. 128°
1879. ] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS. 57
This species has apparently a very wide geographical range, as there are specimens which do not seem to differ specifically in the British Museum from the Gulf of Suez and Western Australia; and Iam informed in a letter from Mr. J. S. Kingsley, of the Peabody Academy of Science, Massachusetts, that the. Museum of that In- stitution possesses specimens from Hong-Kong, the Sandwich Islands, and Zanzibar. :
CUMACEA. HETEROCUMA, gen. nov.
Cephalothorax without a distinct rostrum, and (viewed laterally) nearly straight in its dorsal outline. Five free segments of the body exposed. Postabdomen much longer than the carapace, terminal segment obsolete. Eye large and distinct. Antennules robust, 5- jointed, without any accessory flagellum, and with the first three joints of the peduncle dilated. Mandibles with the apex strongly dentated, the inner margins armed with 10-12 stiff setae and with a prominent molar tubercle. First maxille with the slender flagella terminating in two unequal sete. First and second maxillipeds 6- jointed; third maxillipeds 6-jointed, the basal joint considerably dilated, and produced at its extero-distal angle, which is subacute, the second joint very short, transverse, the third with its extero-dis- tal angle greatly produced and acuminated, the fourth dilated and truncated at its distal extremity, and the fifth and sixth slender. First three pairs of legs palpigerous in both sexes. ‘The appendages of the sixth postabdominal segment (uropoda) are elongated, the basal portion being about as long as the fifth postabdominal segment, and terminating in two flattened subequal rami, which are two- jointed and about as long as the base.
In the males there exist well-developed appendages on the ventral surface of the first five postabdominal segments, and the antenne are well developed and have the last joint of the peduncle dilated and terminate in a slender flagellum, which is directed backward and is as long as the animal.
This genus is apparently nearly allied to Hudorel/a, Norman (Lu- dora, S. Bate), which it resembles in general form, the obsolescence of the terminal postabdominal segment, the form of the uropoda, &c., but differs in the existence of a well-developed eye, in the structure of the flagellum of the first maxilla, which terminates in two setze, and particularly in the dilatation of the third and fourth joints of the third pair of maxillipeds. In the males, moreover, the first five postabdominal segments are all furnished with appendages.
It is also very nearly allied to Leptocuma, Sars, from Rio Plata, a genus recently described and beautifully figured by its distinguished author in Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. xi. no. 5, Pp: 24; but in that genus the eye is indistinct, and not furnished with corneee, the first pair of legs more robust, and, moreover, the third maxillipeds (so far as they could be seen without dissection in the unique specimen) are described as ‘“‘of perfectly normal structure” in Leptocuma,
58 MR. E. J. MIERS ON CRUSTACEA FROM [Jan. 14,
Heterocuma sarsi, sp. n. (Plate III. fig. 3.)
The body is slender; the carapace or dorsal shield is somewhat laterally compressed, with an obscure median dorsal keel, which is flattened and sulcated posteriorly, and terminates anteriorly in the oculigerous lobe. Viewed laterally, the dorsal outline of the cara- pace is nearly straight, the inferior or lateral margin is at first straight and parallel with the upper, but anteriorly it is curved up- ward toward the front. The antero-lateral margins meet in front of the eye, but are not prolonged into a rostrum. ‘The surface is smooth, or only very minutely punctulated; on either side there is a wide and rather deep incision in the antero-lateral margin, through which the antennules are visible; and the lobe beneath the sinus is triangular and subacute.
Five free segments of the body are exposed, the first being very narrow and overlapped upon the sides by the carapace ; the second is longest, with the latero-inferior margins straight ; the third very short upon the dorsal surface, but, like the two following, produced backward at its postero-lateral angle. Similarly the first four post- abdominal segments are produced backward on the sides, the pro- duced portion forming a subacute lobe ; these segments are subequal, the fifth is longer, the sixth rather smaller than any of the prece- ding; all are marked with longitudinal depressions on the dorsal surface, which are best visible in the dried specimens; the last segment or telson is represented only by an obscurely bilobate tubercle.
The large black eye is placed immediately behind the frontal margin. The antennules, visible through the lateral sinus, are short and 5-jointed, the basal joint very short, the second longest and considerably dilated, the third dilated and shorter, the fourth slender and longer, and the fifth very small and ending in a pencil of sete. The first pair of legs are greatly elongated and slender, the extre- mity being clothed with a pencil of long sets, which arise near the distal end of the penultimate joint ; the fifth pair of legs is very short. The appendages of the first five postabdominal segments in the male are biramose; the rami flattened, ovate, and fringed at their distal extremities with long and flexible cilia; those of the sixth segment (uropoda) are fringed with short stiff sete along the inner margins of the base and the inner ramus, of which the two joints are subequal; in the outer ramus the basal joint is much shorter than the terminal. Length of animal (excluding appendages) not exceeding ? inch.
A good series of specimens of both sexes were collected at a depth of 40 fathoms in lat. 32° 41’ N., long. 128° 57' E. ; one (a male) occurred at a depth of 50 fathoms, in lat. 33° 19’ N., long. 129° 72' E. ; and two males and a female were taken in lat. 32° 49’ N., long. 128° 56! E.
Var. GRANULATA.
In two or three specimens (male and female), collected, with the typical form, in 40 fathoms, in lat. 32° 41’ N., long. 128° 57’ E.,
1879.] THE COREAN AND JAPANESE SEAS. 59
the carapace is more or less covered on its dorsal surface with small tuberculiform granules, which are largest along the line of the median dorsal carina, and are gradually obliterated toward the lateral mar- gins. ‘
Asin all other respects these specimens resemble the typical forms, I have not ventured to regard them as belonging to a distinct spe- cies *.
APPENDIX.
On the Method of Dredging and Separating the Specimens, Sc., with Remarks on Temperature, §c. By Capt. H. C. Sr. Jonn, R.N.
During the years 1870 to 1877, when employed surveying the Japanese coasts, I usually kept a small dredge pretty well at work.
There is so little trouble and the few arrangements necessary are so simple, that I venture to give a brief outline of the plan I adopted, hoping, if it meets the eyes of those who have business on the deep, that they might be induced, at any rate occasionally, to try their luck in a similar way.
After ascertaining the depth, the dredge (which was always kept ready, hanging over the stern) would be lowered into the water, a 28-pound lead attached to the rope 5 to 8 fathoms from the dredge ; this is to ensure the dredge passing over or along the bottom at the right angle. If the ship is just moving through the water, so much the better; the dredge then goes out clear. I think about one mile an hour not too fast for the dredge to pass along the bottom, and half an hour generally long enough for it to remain down.
On its being brought up, a boy, whom I had shown how to sift the contents, immediately commenced operations, using three diffe-
1 To complete the account of the Podophthalmia collected by Capt. St. John, IT subjoin the following description of a Stomatopod crustacean without definite locality, which, being represented only by a single specimen in mutilated condi- tion, I cannot determine with certainty. Itisapparently allied to Cyrtopia, Dana. The carapace, which loosely covers the body, is attached only near its anterior margin, and is deeply excavated posteriorly on the dorsal surface, leaving three or four segments of the cephalothorax exposed. Anteriorly, it is prolonged forwards between and half conceals the eyes, and is armed with a strong median and two small lateral frontal spines; beneath the eyes there are two small spines on the lateral margins, and one on the postero-lateral lobe on either side of the median excavation. The surface of the carapace is covered with small scattered granules. The postabdominal segments are nearly smooth ; the sixth has two teeth on its lateral margins. The terminal segment is entire, tapers slightly to its distal extremity, which is subtruncate and armed with two strong stiff sete. The eyes are large, red, and only slightly project from be- neath the margins of the carapace. The antennules have the peduncle thickened, and are furnished with two flagella, which are broken ; but the outer in its im- perfect state is nearly as long as the animal. The antenne are furnished at base with an ovate leaf-like scale, and have each a single flagellum (unfortu- nately broken). The cephalothoracic legs are in very imperfect condition ; but there seem to have existed six pairs, furnished (at least the anterior pair) with a palp and a branchial leaflet at base. The first five postabdominal.segments are furnished with swimming-appendages; the appendages of the sixth seg- ment have subequal rami, ciliated along their inner margins, the outer ovate- lanceolate, and the inner lanceolate and acute. Length about 9 lines (¥ inch).
60 ON CRUSTACEA FROM THE JAPANESE SEAS. [Jan. 14,
rent-sized sieves for the purpose, and placing every thing he found in a wooden tub filled with clean salt water. From this receptacle I always took the specimens myself, putting them at once into bottles with spirit. In working the contents of the dredge, care should be taken that the hand is not used to rub or force them through the sieves. The sieves ought to be shaken backwards and forwards in atub of water; the sand or mud will quickly pass away, leaving all but microscopic life behind.
I usually kept a small canvas bag of the contents of the dredge previous to its being examined and just asit came up. If hung up, the contents of the bag soon harden and dry; it takes little room, and frequently contains interesting subjects for microscopic exami- nation.
Generally quantities of animal life came up attached to the bag, outside as well asin. It is always well to examine the bag closely immediately the dredge reaches the surface. The small colourless and otherwise difficult-to-distinguish forms which abound in about 50 fathoms will then be more easily found by their movements, whereas if left to die, which they very soon do, they are far more difficult to find.
As the depth of water increases, so ought the distance of the 28- pound lead from the dredge, so as to ensure the lips of the dredge taking the bottom at a proper angle. I used a 24-inch rope next the dredge, increasing that size at 200 fathoms to 3 inches.
The dredge was about 3 feet long by 18 inches wide. This size I found most convenient, the bag being about 3 feet 6 inches deep, and made of ordinary bread-bag stuff, with a good strong network bag outside to protect the inner or real bag from being torn or in- jured on the hard bottom.
During the seven years I spent in Japan most of the time was on the south coast, where, in consequence, the chief part of the dredg- ings were obtained. In 1871, however, I had an opportunity of dipping into the cold stream from the north, as it flowed past the north and north-east coast of Yedo. The temperature of this stream was 36° to 39° F. in the month of August, whereas that of the Kuro Siuvo or equatorial current, a small portion of which enters the Sea of Japan by the Korean Strait and passes out to the Pacific by the Tsuga Strait, was 58° to 60° at the same time, and in close proximity to the counterstream. These two currents rub together, but do not mix.
From the cold waters the most interesting things were obtained ; and I feel sure there is much to be done in this particular portion of the globe, which may be termed the north-west corner of the Pacific.
When practicable, I always took the temperature at the bottom as well as at the surface.
1879.j | COUNT T. SALVADORI ON THE FRUIT-PIGEONS. 61
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Puate I.
Fig. 1. Pleistacantha sanctijohannis (p. 24), male individual, natural size,
1 a. Inferior view of buccal, orbital, and antennal region of the same. x 3 diameters.
1%. Lateral view of rostrum. X 3 diameters.
le. Outer view of hand of the same. X 3 diameters.
1d. Postabdomen of the same. xX 3 diameters.
2, Hyastenus (Chorilia) japonicus (p. 27), male individual, dorsal view, natural size.
2a. Orbital and antennal region of the same. X 2 diameters.
26. Postabdomen of the same. X 2 diameters.
Prats IT.
Fig. 1. Doclea orientalis (p. 28), female individual, natural size.
la. Inferior view of orbital and antennal region of the same. X 8 dia- meters.
2. Heteroplax ? nitidus (p. 39), female individual. x 2 diameters,
2a. Inferior view of frontal, orbital, and antennal region of the same, further magnified.
26. Outer view of hand of the same. X 4 diameters.
3. Heterograpsus longitarsis (p. 37), male individual, natural size.
3a. Outer view of hand of the same. xX 3 diameters.
4. Pseudophilyra tridentata (p. 41), male individual. x 8 diameters.
4a. Outer view of hand of the same. x 2 diameters.
5. Cryptocnemus pentagonus, Stimpson (p. 43), carapace of male individual. x 3 diameters.
6. Paratymolus pubescens (p. 45), female individual. Xx 3 diameters.
6a. Inferior view of buccal, antennal, and orbital region of the same. x 8 diameters. :
60. Lateral view of carapace of the same. 3 diameters.
Prate III.
Fig. 1. Eupagurus cavimanus (p. 48), male individual. x 14 diameter. 2. Pomatocheles jeffreysit (p. 49), male individual, dorsal view. x 4 dia- meters. 2a. Lateral view of the same. x 4 diameters. 2b, Fourth cephalothoracic leg of the same, greatly magnified. 2c. Fifth cephalothoracic leg, greatly magnified. 2d. Terminal segment and uropoda, greatly magnified. 3. Heterocuma sarsi (p. 58), male individual. x 8 diameters. 3a. Front of cephalothorax, dorsal yiew, further magnified. 36. Second maxilliped, greatly magnified. 3c. Third maxilliped of the same, greatly magnified. 3d. Leg of the first pair, greatly magnified. 3e. Terminal segment and uropoda, greatly magnified.
4. A few Remarks on Mr. Elliot’s paper “On the Fruit- Pigeons of the Genus Péilopus.’ By T. Satvaport,
C.M.Z.S. [Received November 23, 1878.]
My friend Mr. Elliot, in his paper ‘On the Fruit-Pigeons of the Genus Ptilopus” (P. Z.S. 1878, pp. 500, 525) has requested that his conclusions should not be rejected or condemned until after the exam- ination of materials at least approximating somewhat to that which he has consulted. I hope that he will allow that as regards Moluc-
62 COUNT T. SALVADORI ON MR. ELLIOT’S Jan. 14 3
can and Papuan species I have seen a good deal more than he has, and that Iam not liable to the reproach of the Greek sculptor to the cobbler of Athens, “Ne sutor ultra crepidam.” Just for this reason I shall confine myself to some remarks on the Papuan and Moluccan species, leaving to somebody else to test Mr. Elliot’s conclusions as to the species from other localities. -
I shall follow Mr. Ellit’s order.
18. PriLtopus XANTHOGASTER.
I do not find among the synonyms the following :—P¢ilopus auran- tiiventris, Rosenb. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxix. p. 144 (1867); id. Reis. naar Zuidoostereil. pp. 81, 86 (1867).
The specimens from Lettie Island are smaller, with the head and the neck of a darker and less pure ashy white. Those from Khoor are larger, with the neck whiter.
In the British Museum I examined a specimen marked Marianne Islands (!), smaller, but otherwise not different from those of the Ké Islands.
21. PriLopus SUPERBUS.
I have examined the type of Lamprotreron porphyrostictus, Gould ; and there is not the least doubt that it is a female of this species.
As to the habitat of this species and of many others, I must make the remark that it is a pity Mr. Elliot has not mentioned the islands by groups ; by mixing together Moluccan and Papuan islands he makes it very difficult to the reader to form a clear idea of the distribution of the species.
This bird has been found not only in the northern part of New Guinea, but also in the southern, on the Fly River and in Yule Island (D’ Aléertis).
22. PTILOPUS TEMMINCKI.
I did not made the mistake of calling this species Megaloprepia formosa. My Megaloprepia formosa (Aun. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 122) (1876) is the bird which Mr. Elliot calls Ptilopus bernsteini. Mr. Elliot might have perceived which was my bird from its hadi- tat; and besides he knew very well that I was well acquainted with P. temmincki, as I suggested to him that this was the proper name for Ptilopus formosus, Gray.
24, PriLopus CORONULATUS.
The following important quotation is missing :—
Ptilonopus pulchellus, Wall. (nec Temm.), Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) xx. p. 476 (1857), Aru.
This species is confined to the Aru Islands and to the southern part of New Guinea; the localities Salwatty and Sorong, and that of Jobie are wrong, and belong respectively to P. trigeminus and P.
geminus. Ansus is not a distinct island, but a locality in the island of Jobie.
1879.] PAPER ON THE FRUIT-PIGEONS. 63
26. Prinopus TRIGEMINUS.
I question whether Mr. Elliot, who says that it may well be doubted if P. trigeminus should be separated from P. geminus, has ever seen a specimen of P. ¢rigeminus. He says that the only difference is in the slightly paler crown. The case is quite the contrary. I have seen one specimen in the British Museum (Wallace’s collection), most likely from Sorong, a second from Salwatty in Gould’s collection, and many in the Museum of Leiden. They differ from P. geminus in the brighter crown, in the paler throat, in the saffron-colour round the violet spot of the abdomen being much reduced, and in the yellow of the lower part of the abdomen being less extended. In fact, as regards the pale violet crown, P. ¢rigeminus is intermediate between P. coronulatus with a bright violet crown, and P. geminus with a pinkish, nearly white crown.
27. PTILOPUS IOZONUs.
The Aaditat of this species is the Aru Islands and south of New Guinea.
29. PTILOPUS JOBIENSIS.
The synonymy given is not exact; Mr. Rowley and I used the binomial name, and not a trinomial name like Schlegel.
This species, rather than approaching P. humeralis, is allied to P. iozonus, of which it is the northern representative. P. humeralis differs from both in the deep purple band on the small wing-coverts, whereas these both in P. jobiensis and P. iozonus are grey-violet ; P. jobiensis differs from P. jozonus in having the tail above uniform green; in P. iozonus the tail has a very conspicuous apical grey band.
P. jobiensis lately has been found also in Tarawai or D’Urville Island (Atti R. Ac. Se. Tor. xiii. p. 321).
31. PriLopus NANUS.
This species has been obtained by D’Albertis on the Fly River (Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 43); and I think that it is confined to the south of New Guinea and Mysol.
32. PriLOPUS MONACHUS.
Mr. Elliot says that the birds from Ternate differ from those of Gilolo, and that the Gilolo bird may require separation. Mr. Gray in his ‘Hand-list’ had already mentioned that the specimens from Gilolo belong to a variety. I may say that I have seen many speci- mens from both localities, and that I have not been able to detect any real difference.
34. PrrLopUS MELANOCEPHALUS.
The locality Sula-bessie does not belong to this form, but to P, chrysorrhous.
I cannot offer any additional remark on the specimens from Flores (P. melanauchen, Salvad.); but I think that they belong to a form equivalent to P. melanocephalus, P. melanospilus, and P. chrysor- rhous.
64 COUNT T. SALVADORI ON MR. ELLIOT’S [Jan. 14,
38. PriLoPUS PORPHYREUS.
This is not a Moluccan nor a Papuan species; still I may mention that, to avoid the confusion with Columba porphyracea, Temm. (1822), it would be better to call it P. roseicollis, Wagl. Besides Java it inhabits also Sumatra, as has been stated by Bonaparte. I have seen many skins from Sumatra, collected by Dr. Beccari.
42, PriLopus ORNATUS. The authority of Laglaize for this species being found on Mount Arfak is not correct, as Mr. Laglaize was never there. Mr. Laglaize’s
specimens, which I have seen, are from Amberbaki, a locality far away from Mount Arfak.
44. PriLopUS PERLATUS.
The locality Aru Islands does not belong to this species, but to P. zonurus. The two are representative forms, one living in Northern New Guinea, Jobie, and Salwatty, and the other in the Aru Islands and in the south of New Guinea, on the Fly River, where D’ Alber- tis has lately collected several specimens entirely agreeing with those from the Aru Islands.
45. PriLoPpUuS ZONURUS.
Mr. Elliot could have added many quotations to the synonymy of this species ; all the references to P. perlatus from the Aru Islands belong to it.
Beside the type, I have seen many specimens of this form from the Aru Islands and from the Fly River; and all of them show the grey band at the tip of the upper surface of the tail. P. zonurus has in that respect the same relation to P. perlatus that P. iozonus has to P. jobiensis. It is important to notice that P. perlatus and P. jobiensis ave respectively the northern representative forms of P. zonurus and P. iozonus. Mr. Elliot’s statement that P. zonurus is barely distinguishable from P. perlatus is rather inconsistent, after he has accepted as distinet P. jobiensis and P. iozonus, which differ exactly in the same particulars as P. zonurus from P. perlatus.
47. PriLoPpus PECTORALIS.
The synonymy of this species is not correct. Instead of Columba virens, Less. Vey. Coq. descr. 9 [sic], it ought to be Columba cyanovirens, Less. Voy. Coq. Zool. i. 2, p. 713 (1828). The name of C. eyanovirens was given to the female of P. superbus and to the present species! It is important to notice the mistake, as, if Lesson had really named this species C. vivens, this name would have had priority over that of C.pectoralis, Wagl. Isis, 1829, p. 739. From the localities Mr. Elliot has left out Koffiao (Beccari).
48. PriLopus ViRIDIs.
S. Muller and many others after him have said that this species is also found in New Guinea, near Lobo. But this isa mistake which has arisen from S. Miiller having (Verh. Land- en Volkenk. p. 22) given the name of Columba viridis to a young specimen of P. pectoralis.
1879. | PAPER ON THE FRUIT-PIGEONS. 65
49. PrILOPUS GEELVINKIANUS.
I do not think that the name used by Mr. Elliot is the proper one. The exact and full synonymy of this species stands as follows :—
ae viridis, stirps geelvinkiana, Schleg. N. T. D. iv. p. 23 1871).
Ptilopus musschenbroeki, Roseub. in litt. (Schlegel, J. ¢.).
Ptilopus viridis geelvinkianus, Schleg. Mus. P. B. Columbe, p. 23 (1823).
Ptilonopus musschenbroeki, Beccari, Aun. Mas. Civ. Gen. vii. p. 715 (1875).
Ptilopus musschenbroeki, Salvad. Aun. Mus. Civ. Gen. ix. p. 195, sp. 3 (1876) ; Rowley, Orn. Miscell. iii. pl. (1878).
Ptilopus geelvinkianus, Elliot, P. Z. 8. 1878, p. 560, p. 49.
From the above synonymy it appears that the first name given to this species by Prof. Schlegel can not be used, being a trinomial one ; and as at the same time he published that of P. musschenbroeki, Rosenb., this is the one which Mr. Elliot ought to have used, instead of making a binomial one of his own.
51. PriLopus RIvo.tt.
I also have examined the type of P. solomonensis, Gray, and quite agree with Mr. Elliot in referring it to P.rivolii 9. If I remember rightly, 1 wrote on the label of the typieal specimen that such was my opinion.
52. PriLopus PRASINORRHOUS.
To the localities registered by Mr. Elliot must be added the fol- lowing, already mentioned by me—Gagie, Guebeh, Dammar, Mafor.
As to P. prasinorrhous being different from P. rivolii, I do not think there can be the least doubt, although some specimens have the under tail-coverts more or less yellow, and even entirely yellow, but of much paler hue than in P. 72volii.
53. PriLopus sTROPHIUM.
Mr. Elliot unites P. miqueli, Rosenb., with P. strophium, Gould. The latter is based on a specimen, collected by Macgillivray during the voyage of the ‘ Rattlesnake’ in Duchateau Island, one of the Louisiade group, beyond the south-eastern extremity of New Guinea. P. miqueli is founded on specimens from Jobie and the small island of Miosnom, very near the west coast of Jobie, in Geelvink Bay, In Miosnom P. miqueli is very common; Dr. Beccari has collected many specimens there. In no other place intermediate to those mentioned have P. strophium or P. miqueli been found. That in such far-away and limited localities the same bird should be found, and not in the very wide intervening tract, is a thing which very few will be disposed to believe ; and, besides, the two birds are, according to my views, really different. When I was in London last year I took with me two specimens of P. migueli to compare with the type of P. strophium, and found that the latter differs in having the anterior
Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1879, No. Y. 5
66 COUNT T. SALVADORI ON MR. ELLIOT’S [Jan. 14,
half of the crown rosy red, the green feathers of the upper parts dusty greyish, as if they were powdered, and the under tail-coverts of a light yellow. P. miqueli has the anterior part of the crown purplish red, the feathers of the upper parts of a pure, not dusty-greyish green, and the under tail-coverts of a brighter yellow. Mr. Elliot believes that the type specimen of P. strophium is faded upon the forehead ; but he has overlooked that the figure of the same, published in Jardine’s ‘Contributions to Ornithology ’ when the bird was newly brought to London, shows the same rosy colour of the crown as it now has after twenty-eight years.
The second specimen named P. strophium in the British Museum, which was bought from M. Verreaux, without any locality, has the forehead purplish red, and certainly belongs to P. miqueli.
54, PriLopus BELLUS.
Although this species has the pectoral band yellow and white, like P. speciosus, I do not think that this is its nearest ally, but rather P. prasinorrhous, in which sometimes the white pectoral band is more or less tinged with light yellow. Besides that, P. spectosus, unlike any other species, instead of having the crown purple, has only two purple spots in front of the eyes, and the abdomen of a beautiful lilac.
56. Pritopus JOHANNIS.
Certainly this bird has its nearest ally in P. speciosus, having the abdomen lilac; but, unlike any other species, it has the breast-band all yellow, and the top of the head lilac like the abdomen.
59. PriLopus PUELLA. 70. Pr1LoPUS ASSIMILIS.
71. PrinOPpUS MAGNIFICUS.
I must state that, notwithstanding the contrary opinion of Mr. Elliot, | think that these species, and a fourth lately discriminated by me, should be referred to a distinct genus from Péilopus, 7. e. to Megaloprepia, Rehb., the type of which is Columba magnifica, Temm.
If Reichenbach included in the same genus Ptilopus perlatus, Temm., which certaily does not belong to it, that is not a good reason for completely discarding the genus, which, according to me, is perfectly recognizable by the rather long tail of the birds, the uni- form colour of the same, the first primary not attenuated, and the peculiar colouring of the different members. It is not by taking these characters separately, but combined as they are, that the generic value of the group appears evident.
Then Mr. Elliot seriously questions if the three races mentioned should be continued as distinct species. To maintain this he begins by saying that ‘‘they only. differ in size,” which is not exact; and the proof of this we have from Mr. Elliot himself, who a few lines below says :—‘*‘ The specimens of the smallest race, called P. puella which are found in the island of Jobie and also at Mount Epa, a the south of New Guinea, have the under surface of the tail lighter
1879.] PAPER ON THE FRUIT-PIGEONS. 67
in colour than those from other localities, being blackish-grey, in- stead of blackish-brown.” But Mr. Elliot disposes very easily of this difference, saying, ‘‘ this, however, cannot be considered of any specific importance.” But the truth is, that, guided by the black colour of the under surface of the tail, any one can pick up a true Megaloprepia puella among hundreds of the other forms.
Mr. Elliot, as the habitat of P. puella, besides Mysol, Salwatty, Waigiou, Ghemien, and Dorey, enumerates also Cape York, Jobie, and New Ireland, which are wrong or doubtful. As to Cape York, this locality is given on the authority of Mr. Ramsay ; but I doubt whether Mr. Ramsay has ever had the opportunity of comparing a spe- cimen from the northern peninsula of New Guinea with the supposed M. puella from Cape York; and I even doubt whether Mr. Ramsay is acquainted with the difference in the under surface of the tail be- tween the true MW. puella and M. assimilis. Even Mr. Elliot did not know the difference, as he asked me how I could distinguish M. puella from M. assimilis except by size! Most likely Mr. Ramsay’s M. puelia is a small, not full-grown M. assimilis. The fact to be shown is that the form with the under surface of the tail dlack lives at Cape York. For my own part, I am not disposed to believe it without additional proofs, as all such birds I have seen (and many they are) were from the northern peninsula of New Guinea, from Waigiou, Ghemien, Salwatty, and Batanta. All the birds from Jobi and the south of New Guinea (Mount Epa and Fly River) have the under face of the tail dark greyish; and these I have lately named Megalo- prepia poliura, which would be the eastern and southern form repre- sentative of M. puella. There is an apparently strong objection against this view. A specimen in the Museum of Paris, marked New Ireland, which I have also seen, has the under surface of the tail black. But are we sure that the locality is exact? The bird was collected by Lesson and Garnot during the voyage of the ‘ Coquille ;’ and it would not be the first instance of a wrong locality given toa bird collected by them.
In a recent paper, where I have described M. poliura, I have given what I think satisfactory characters for discriminating the four forms allied to M. magnifica ; the principal differences can be tabulated as follows :—
1. Cauda inferne grisea. a. Major: long. tot. cirea 0"-420-0™-400, al.0™240- Op 20) seeps sald agtemasanieeaccais- hve sccean ah sicae -aee 1. M. magnifica. b. Media: long. tot. circa 0-360, al. 0O™-190 ......... 2. W. assimilis. e. Minor: long. tot. circa 0"-330, al. 0™175-0"-170 3. M. poliura. 2. Cauda inferne nigra: long. tot. 0330, al. 0-170 ...... 4. M, puella,
The four forms mentioned above