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SME SONEAN INSTITUTION: 


UINIAMEID) Siw AANSS, IN AIPIO UN AIG IMO S12 OMe 


PROCEEDINGS 


UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


Wrolinane lOO 


PUBLISHED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. 


WASHINGTON: 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
1900. 


JAN 117901 


: 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


The extension of the scope of the National Museum during recent 
years and the activity of the collectors employed in its interest have 


caused a great increase in the amount of material in its possession. 


Many of the objects gathered are of a novel and important character, 
and serve to throw a new light upon the study of nature and of man. 

The importance to science of prompt publication of descriptions of 
this material led to the establishment, in 1878, of the present series 
of publications, entitled ‘* Proceedings of the United States National 
Museum,” the distinguishing peculiarity of which is that the articles 
are published in pamphlet form as fast as completed and in advance of 
the bound volume. The present volume constitutes the twenty-second 


of the series. 


The articles in this series consist: First, of papers prepared by the 


“scientific corps of the National Museum; secondly, of papers by others, 


founded upon the collections in the National Museum; and, finally, 
of facts and memoranda from the correspondence of the Smithsonian 
Institution. 

The Bulletin of the National Museum, the publication of which was 
commenced in 1875, consists of elaborate papers based upon the col- 
lections of the Museum, reports of expeditions, ete., while the Pro- 
ceedings facilitate the prompt publication of freshly acquired facts 
relating to biology, anthropology, and geology, descriptions of restricted 
groups of animals and plants, the discussion of particular questions 
relative to the synonomy of species, and the diaries of minor expe- 
ditions. . 

Other papers of more general popular interest are printed in the 
Appendix to the Annual Report. 

Papers intended for publication in the Proceedings and Bulletin of 
the National Museum are referred to the Advisory Committee on Pub- 


lications, composed as follows: Frederick W. True (chairman), Marcus 
“Benjamin (editor), James KE. Benedict, Otis T. Mason, Leonhard 
‘Stejneger, and Lester F. Ward. 


S. P. LAneLey, 
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. 
Til 


TABLE OF CONTENTS. 


ASHMEAD, WiunutAM H. On the Genera of the Chalcid-flies 
belonging to the Subfamily Encyrtine.—No. 1202. June 


New genera: Tetralophidea, Meromyzobia, Tineophoctonus, Henico- 
pygus, Tetralophiellus, Tetracnemopsis, Habrolepopteryx, Parencyrtus, 
Chestomorpha, Hemenasius, Hemencyrtus, Coccophoctonus, Rhytido- 
thorax, Ocencyrtus, Psyllephagus, Coccidencyrtus, Holcencyrtus, 
Pseudencyrtus, Epiencyrtus, Syrphophagus, Aphidencyrtus, Zoomma, 
Adelencyrtus, Zarhopalus, Parencyrtus. 

New species: Tetralophidea bakeri, Meromyzobia flava, M. unifasciata, 
Anagyrus pallidipes, Anusia neomexicana, Henicopygus subapterus, 
Tetralophiellus brevicollis, Liothoran melanocera, Berecyntus flori- 
danus, Parencyrtus brasiliensis, Spheropisthus annulicornis, Sphe- 
ropisthus auriceps, Chestomorpha biformis, Anasius chapade, 
Hemenasius confusus, Hemencyrtus herbertii, Coccophoctonus dacty- 

lopui, Rhytidothoran marlatti, Isodromus niger, Isodromus atriventris, 

Cerchysius elasmoceri, C. hubbardii, Microterys cincticornis, M. mar- 
ginatus, Chrysoplatycerus howardi, Zahropalus sheldoni, Coccobius 
diaspidis, Signiphora nigra, S. australiensis, S. dactylopti, S. noacki, 
S. unifasciata, S. bifasciata, S. flavopalliata, S. occidentalis, S. 
mexicuna, S. rhizococci, S. aleyrodis, S. coquilletti, S. aspidioti, S. 
townsend. 


CoqguiLLEeTT, D. W. Report on a Collection of Dipterous 
Insects from Puerto Rico.—No. 1198. May 12, 1900 


New genera: Ptilomyia, Stenomicra, Cladocheta. 

New species: Belvosia luteola, Sarcophaga diversipes, Coenosia vari- 
cornis, Notiphila virgata, Psilopa mellipes, Hydrellia gilvipes, Ptilomyia 
enigma, Stenomicra angustala, Cladochexta nebulosa, Drosophila fusca, 
Anthomysa nigrimana, Gaurax lancifer, Hippelates tener, Oscinis 
obscura, Desmometopa halteralis, Ophthalmomyia cinerea. 


Currie, Rorta P. A New Bird of Paradise.—No. 1204. 
July 7, 1900 


New species: Cincinmirus lyogyrus. 


Page. 


325-412 


\ 


Wat CONTENTS. 


Dati, WittramM H. Synopsis of the Solenide of North 
America and the Antilles.—No. 1185. October 9, 1899__- 


New species: Solen mexicanus, Ensis californicus, Tagelus poeyi. 


GaNnrE, Henry Stewart. Some Neocene Corals of the United 
States.— No. 1193. April 2051900 S22 =s eee ee eee 


Hay, O. P. Descriptions of Two New Species of Tortoises 
from the Tertiary of the United States.—No. 1181. Oc- 
tober 1, L899. i. 222 Pe ae eee ee ee ea 


Hay, W. P. Description of Two New Species of Crayfish. — 
Nos 118%. © October Ld, 1.89 Gx Wisi es eee epee te pe oe 


Ketioee, Vernon L. A List of the Biting Lice (Mallo- 
phaga) taken from Birds and Mammals of North America.— 
No. 1183. October 9) 1899) coe ee ae ee 


KisHinouryk, K. Contributions to the Natural History of 
the Commander Islands. XIIIJ.—A New Species of Stalked 
Meduse, Haliclystus stejnegeri.—No. 1188. December 
staal Gol ty Me mraiein eat UC oe el bs SSeS be 


New species: Haliclystus stejnegert. 


Osrrnorsur, Harry C. A List of the Birds collected by 
Mr. R. P. Currie in Liberia.—No. 1182. October 9, 1899_ 


New genera: Horizocerus, Stelgidillas. 
New species: Anthreptes idius, Frasia prosphora. 
New subspecies: Dendromus caroli arizelus, Dicrurus modestus atactus. 


——. Catalogue of a Collection of Birds from Madagas- 
car. No, 1197 Ajoril 24a 00 ees ee Sela ae 


Notes on Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in 
Central Asia.—No. 1195. Ajpril 23,.090022225 = 


New subspecies: Totanus totanus eurhinus. 


——~. Notes on Birds from the Cameroons District, West 
Atrica.—No. 1180; .Octobers(qalis 9 Ome = anne se ie ee 


New genus: Furillas. 


—. Notes on Some Birds from Santa Barbara Islands, 
Coton, TON NSIoS Norell QR. GOO... 


Page. 


107-112 


121-123 


39-100 


25-37 


935-948. 


205-22 


co 


J1=19 


CONTENTS. 


Ratupun, Mary J. The Decapod Crustaceans of West 
wien NOOO. May 12, 190085 v2 EL el : 


New species: Clibanarius cooki. 


RICHARDSON, Harriet. Description of a New Species of 
_Idotea from Hakodate Bay, Japan.—No. 1189. February 


New species: Jdotea japonica. 


RicumMonp, CHARLES W. Description of a New Bird of the 
GenusMendrormis:— No: 1200, May 12, 1900 --.-- 2 .- 


New species: Dendrornis striatigularis. 


Descriptions of Three New Birds from Lower 
Site NOs LOI ee Mave TO. 1900 fs es Seek yeaa eS 


New species: ithopyga anomala, Criniger sordidus, Turdinulus granti. 


SCHUCHERT, CHARLES. On the Lower Silurian (Trenton) 
Hauna-ot Battin Wand.—No; 1192.) April 9, 1900... -__- —_ 


New species: Plasmopora lambu, Porocrinus shawi, Cienodonta carpen- 
deri, C. baffinensis, C. frobisherensis, Modiolodon arcticus, Whiteavesia 
symmetricus, Cyrtodonta sillimanensis, Vanuxemia baffinensis, Whitella 
arcticus, Seelya (?) ( Plethospira?) ulrichi, Holopea arctica, Orthoceras 
porteri, Orthoceras scalariformis, Cyrtoceras cornulum, C. baffinensis, 
Oncoceras arcticum, O. tumidwm, Dalmanites (Pterygometopus) 
goodridgii. 

New varieties: Orthis (Dinorthis) meedsi var. arctica, Orthoceras olorus 
var. baffinensis. 


Smpson, CHARLES TorREY. Synopsis of the Naiades, or 


131-134 


319-321 


143-177 


Pearly Fresh-water Mussels.—No. 1205. October 8, 1900_501-1044 


New genera: Pseudospatha, Chamberlainia, Pilsbryoconcha, Dromus, 
Pegias, Arcidens, Shistodesmus, Gibbosula, Cuneopsis, Physunio, 
Dalliella, Ptychorhynchus, Virgus, Ctencdesma, Rectidens, Lamelli- 
dens, Pseudavicula, Arcidopsis, Castaliella, Callonaia. 

New subgenera: Pilea, Caudiculatus, Pletholophus, Crassitesta, Pseu- 
doin, Ptychoderma, Pressodonta, Rugifera, Bullella, Lamprotula, 
Discomya, Aurora, Pseudobaphia, Acuticosta, Lamellidens, Trape- 
zoideus, Spathopsis, Triquetrana, Hyriana, Cyclomya, Levirostris, 
Pseudomutela. 

New species: Diplodon leai, Glabaris umbonatus, falsus. 

New varieties: Truncilla sulcata var. delicata, Lampsilis ligamentinus 
var. gibbus, Lampsilis texasensis var. compressus, Tritogonia tuber- 
culata var. obesa, Unio gibbosus var. delicatus, Pleurobema fassinans 
var. rhomboidea, Cyprogenia irrorata var. pusilla, Quadrula kirtlandi- 
ana var. minor, Quadrula coccinea var. paupercula, Quadrula gran- 
ifera var. pusilla. 


VIII CONTENTS. 


Srpson, CHarLES TorrEy—Continued. 


New sections: Lapidosus, Micronaias, Plethobasus, Fusconaia, Cylin- 
drica, Radiatula, Cafferia, Physunio, Lens, Suborbiculus, Bineurus, 
Nasus, Obovalis, Cyclomya, Bulloideus, Virgulus. 

New names: Lampsilis binominatus, Lampsilis lividus, Hyriopsis biala- 
tus, Quadrula kowangensis, Quadrula similaris, Quadrula ovata, 
Nodularia jickeli, Lamellidens canefrianus, Trapezoideus peninsularis, 
Diplodon wagnerianum, Diplodon aureus, Diplodon cuprinus, Spatha 
lacustris, Glabaris philippianus, Lamellidens marginalis var. hanley?. 


Smitn, Joun B. New Species of Nocturnal Moths of the 
Genus Campometra, and Notes.—No. 1184. October 9, 
WSOO oe ee EE ol Sa rn 


New species: Campometra bilineata, C. cinetipalpis, C. fraterna, C. 
minor. 


A Hundred New Moths of the Family Noctuidee.— 
NO 120380 July 14 O00) 2 eae wl See 


New genera: Copibryophila, Selicanis, Anepischetos, Diallagma, Narth- 
ecophora, Palada, Parora. 

New species: Arsilonche colorada, Chytonix semifascia, Copibryophila 
angelica, Setagrotis quebecensis, Setagrotis radiatus, Carneades pug- 
ionis, C. nevada, C. contagionis, C. loya, C. flaviscapula, C. excogita, 
C. exvculta, C. nevulus, C. megastigma, C. stigmatalis, C. termessus, 
C. enteridis, C. atropulverea, C. compressipennis, C. falverina, C. 
vallus, C. sessile, C. relaxus, C. luteositus, C. tocoye, C. incubita, 
C. terrenus, C. territorialis, C. fulda, C. itodes, C. laggane, C. ontario, 
C. testula, C. difformis, C. dakota, C. holoberba, C. kerrvillei, C. terna- 
rius, C. noctuiformis, C. imtrusa, C. neotelis, C. atrofusca, C. objurgata, 
C. cariosus, C. malis, C. pindar, C. henrietta, C. vanidicus, C. feemi- 
nalis, C. nordica, C. factoris, C. cxsius, C. acutifrons, C. selenis, C. 
laminis, Anytus atristrigatus, Mamestra senatoria, M. rainierti, M. 
bolteri, M. yakima, M. dilatata, M. florida, M. roseosuffusa, M. 
griseata, Hadena tapeta, H. luteocinerea, H. mustelina, H. jocasta, 
FT. tela, Polia extincta, P. acera, P. dispar, P. ochracea, Perigea 
lucetta, P. cervina, P. texana, P. consors, Caradrina leucorena, Homo- 
hodena candida, Oncocnemis ciliata, Trichopolia serrata, Leucania 
velutina, Himella quadristigma, Selicanis cinereola, Anepischetos bipar- 
lita, Diallagma lutea, Heliodes angelica, H. restrictalis, Narthecophora 
pulverea, Palada scarletina, Schinia reniformis, S. oculata, S. ciliata, 
Tripudia balieata, T. luxuriosa, Paroratecana, Synedoida subtermina, 
Antiblemma minorata, A. fasciata, Bomolocha vega. 


Srarks, Epwarp CHapin. The Osteological Characters of 
the Fishes of the Suborder Percesoces.—No. 1179. Octo- 
ber 7, 1899 


The Osteology and Relationship of the Peorcidean 


Page. 


LOMSLOS 


415-495 


1-10 


Fish, Dinolestes Lewini.—No. 1186. October 11, 1899__. 113-120 


CONTENTS. 


STEARNS, Ropert E. C. List of Shells collected by Vernon 


Bailey in Heron and Eagle Lakes, Minnesota, with Notes.— © 


IN@. MOO, > Ay arerlisre a0 Oe ae cee a ne a 


Description of a New Variety of Haliotis from Cal- 
ifornia, with Faunal and Geographical Notes.—No. 1191. 
AXTOPIL Go, WOOO sess eee eS SN ah aan ee ere ee 


Vaueuan, T. Waytanp. A New Fossil Species of Caryo- 
phyllia from California, and a New Genus and Species of 
Turbinolid from Japan.—No. 1194. April 20, 1900_____- 

New genus: Levipalifer. 
New species: Caryophyllia arnoldi, Levipatifer orientalis. 


OMS 


39-142 


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 


TEXT FIGURES. 


Page. 

Carapace, antennal scale, and first abdominal appendages of male of Cambarus 
[RUOBOS = 32: 4.clb BSG ES SOOO ACPI SEE SS ee een ae ee 121 
Carapace, chela, and annulus ventralis of Cambarus clypeatus .........--------- 122 
Rela iGh Sis Esta) NCOETI, DC WaSPCCleS. SIGE VICW ta s= 6.2 = sels ee eee cece eee eee 126 
Haliclystus stejnegeri, new species. View from the oval side ..............--.--- ey 
- SACIYSRIS: SCIMQU ibs 52S S RAR OO A ee A IS SEIS re aaa eg ee 128 
LE OG: JORDOINUCUE 5B Ss pra Be BO casi RR Sieger Se et les a ge ee a ee 132 
Idotea ochotensis .... - EEO LES TI SEE SES I a ar ee 132 

Antenna of second pair of Jdotea japonica (a); CDSE of second pair of Jdotea 
DEMOUOGID ((O)\ os al iene ah OE SONG sets SSN ete Aiea eed lee eine ee 132 


Opercular valve of Idotea ochotensis (a); opercular valve of Idotea japonica (b) .. 132 
Abdomen of Jdotea japonica (a); abdomen of Jdotea ochotensis (b); abdomen of 


JV GRBG: POCIMEROTID CO) ies oA So fs is ONS AI SEI ee a a a 133 
Leg of second pair of Idotea japonica (a); leg of second pair of Idotea ocho- 

CUBS (O) cs cheb iS ee grees at eee gta ea Rene ene 133 
Picnamiavicwrol Slllmans fossil mount < 2 5.260 eee eae eke 145 
A near view of Sillimans fossil mount...--- ia HEE SNe ease ia Sep cea Bag 146 
Clibanarius cooki. Front and cephalic appendages, dorsal view...--..--------.- 305 
Ghbanorius cook, Lett leg of second pair, outer face. ....2-.+---2--2.2-25----- 305 

PLATES. 
J] 


Facing page. 
1. Superior views of crania of (1) Sphyrena argentea, (2) Atherinopsis californi- 


CSS». DONS) MACE CTONHMS = tans Hoth ocase teks ada eee ae eae eerete 10 

2. Lateral views of crania of (1) Sphyrena argentea, (2) Atherinopsis californien- 
SIS, BING, (B) WONG GAONHMIS Ts cae eo dco dooS aod CoS we eee eae aaee a eyes 10 

3. Posterior views of crania of (1) Sphyrena argentea, (2) Atherinopsis californi- 
GNSS, (BS) MAGE CFOS BAe BE ANS Aer Ae cee WADE SG SRE AO anes 10 
4, JElOchmGnnis. SORIONGHI es Ba eaeacucasac6 soso sb 2 bone ob aoe eee eee eee 24 
G. AlGRGROMUCHODIS WAG NCH SS NS BE Geos ae a BBO e Se Ge aes Ae ee eee rer 24 
PeNCOUUT A NOO-LOOm, binds (Centropus senegalensis) == 622 92.25. 522.22 2222.2 38 
SUPE ulOcevilew OlacramiumuolMDinolestes lenin; 9.352282. 52 120 
Omeateraleviewaor cramiumyoreMimolestes lewis. 8252282524522. oo ee 120 
HieePosterion wwew ot cranium’ of Dinolestes lewint | .-2-..---22--5--2--5-5-65+ 120 
WL, LD UCU ASIAS UCU SE Cs less ies es aS AE ae a ei en ne a 120 
12, Fossils itzoan Swllbtaneing) mooi oss bau eecs ss bse ee tw eadooesaguseceedeusaeee 178 
ibanelecypodsmrom sillimanc mountM ess sece 4. het ee 178 
Ee Cepnalopods arom, silllmansmOUmt!sacssssei 2-6 see eel ee eee 178 
ibmNCOceMe-condic or taenWimibedystabes= 9-40-2425 2e- seca le ace oes Sse se 198 
GRIN wat um oimolidhcorall see iarytes n= ee eke a ee Stee icine ea 204 
Pew Cy ndmolymaracisewee sts ee Bai sae e Y Ne Ss ere isl tc 500 
18. Map showing the distribution of pearly fresh-water mussels -_......------ 504 


ERRATA. 


Page 509, line 21, for varicosa read cicatricosa. 

Page 516, before Heterogenze insert Exobranchie. 

Page 548, line 36, Unio striatus Sowerby should be preceded by a mark of 
interrogation. 

Page 559, line 6 from the bottom, for L. prevostianus read U. prevostianus. 

Page 591, line 3, for Lampsilis read Medionidus. 

Page 648, omit 8th and 9th lines from the bottom. 

Page 719, Unio striatulus Lea and U. amabilis Lea should be placed in the Argenteus 
group of Pleurobema. 

Page 760, last line, for bigbyana read bigbyensis. 

Page 766, line 6 om bottom, for poultice read heros. 

Page 802, omit line 8. 

Page 806, line 19, for eequitoria read eequatoria. 

Page 823, lines 10 and 11, for equitoria read sequatoria. 

Page 825, omit lines 8 and 9. 

Page 851, line 27, for incertus read murinus. 

Page 862, omit line 31. 

Page 894, ont line 28. 

Page 906, 13th and following lines, for Chelidoneura read Chelidonura. 

Page 933, ont lines 16 and 17. 


XII 


THE OSTEOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF THE FISHES OF 
THE SUBORDER PERCESOCES. 


By EDWIN CHAPIN STARKS, 


Assistant Professor in the Department of Biology and Curator of the Museum, University 
of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 


A study of the skeletons of several representatives of the families 
Atherinide, Mugilide, and Sphyrenidie, which are grouped together 
under the suborder Percesoces, reveals the fact that they are not so 
closely allied to each other as their external similarity would lead one 
to suppose. 

The specimens from which my observations were made are adult 
examples of Atherinopsis califormensis, Menidia notata, Mugil cephalus, 
and Sphyrena argentea. 

In examining the crania of these species attention is attracted at 
once to the fact that in all of them the epiotics are developed into long, 
thin processes which divide into more or less bristlelike filaments. 

There is little else in purely internal characters whereby to differen- 
tiate these families as a group from other Acanthopteri. In order to 
So differentiate them we must turn to the well-known external charac- 
ters—a spinous dorsal in conjunction with the abdominal ventral fins, 
high pectoral fins, and unarmed opercles. 

If, however, we eliminate the Sphyrenide (which, on account of its 
fanglike teeth, set in deep sockets, its separate superior pharyngeals 
of third and fourth branchial arches, its lack of parapophyses on ante- 
rior vertebrae, and other characters, we may well be justified in doing) 
and place it in a separate superfamily coordinate with that in which 
we place the Mugilide and Atherinids, we shall then have remaining 
a more compact group, notwithstanding the great difference in number 
of vertebre in the two tamilies of which it is composed. 

In it we find the parapophyses developed on all the abdominal ver- 
tebre, the anterior neural spines flattened, wide and thin, the supra- 
clavicle very small, the superior pharyngeals of each side of the third 
and fourth branchial arches anchylosed, and the teeth small, not fang- 
like and set in sockets. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXII—No. 1179. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 1 1 


aD PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


DIAGNOSIS OF THE SUBORDER PERCESOCES. 


& 


Two dorsal fins, the first spinous and more or less remote from the 


second; ventral fins abdominal, with 1 spine and 5 rays; third and 


fourth superior pharyngeals of each side separate or anchylosed; lower — 


pharyngeals separate; pectorals elevated, nearly on a level with upper 
part of clavicle; epiotics of adult produced backward and more or 
less divided into bristlelike filaments; myodome present, opened or 
closed posteriorly; opercles unarmed; parietals separated by supra- 
occipital; supraoccipital crest developed posteriorly, not extending 
above level of balance of cranium; postclavicle of superior and inferior 
parts; anterior interhemal not differentiated; epipleurals present; 
coronoid bone present;' suborbital ring without suborbital shelf. 


DIAGNOSIS OF THE SUPERFAMILY ATHERINOIDEA. 


Cleft of mouth not wide; teeth, when present, small, not set in sock- 
ets; maxillary without supplemental bone; third and fourth superior 
pharyngeals of each side anchylosed; supraclavicle reduced in size; 
lower limb of posttemporal attached to opisthotic by ligament or suture; 
exoccipitals not meeting above basioccipital; alisphenoids not meet- 
ing; ethmoid normal, not overlying prefrontals and vomer or extend- 
ing to lateral edge of rostrum; anterior neural spines laterally tlattened ; 
parapophyses developed on all abdominal vertebre. 


DIAGNOSIS OF THE FAMILY ATHERINIDA. 


Lower limb of post-temporal attached to opisthotic by ligament; 
basisphenoid developed; myodome opening to exterior posteriorly; 
region about foramen magnum not produced; superior pharyngeals 
typical in shape, bearing teeth; vertebree numerous, from 45 to 52; 
first dorsal with from 3 to 8 spines; anal with 1 spine. 


DIAGNOSIS OF THE FAMILY MUGILIDZ. 


Lower limb of post-temporal attached to cranium by dentate suture; 
basisphenoid absent; myodome not opening to exterior posteriorly; 
foramen magnum region produced; superior pharyngeals of complex 
shape, not bearing teeth; vertebre few in number, about 24; first 
dorsal with about 4 spines; anal with 2 or 3 spines. 


‘This character seems to have been made too much of by the systematists and not 
enough of by the anatomists. Whether it is homologous with the coronoid as it 
occurs in some reptiles, or is one of the osteological peculiarities common to fishes, 
or whether it is developed with age, being the ossified end of the ligament that is 
attached to it, I will not attempt to say with the material at hand. The last sup- 
position seems to be the least tenable, since the ossification is not a gradual transi- 
tion from cartilage to bone, as we would expect in that case, but takes the form of a 
distinct bone larger than the end of the ligament. I find it present in nearly every 
species examined (my material being adult examples), among them the following 
miscellaneous genera: Amiurus, Cyprinus, Lucius, Alosa, Holocentrus, Pomoxys, Lobotes, 
Roccus, Caranx, Archosargus, Neomeanis, Tautoga, Pomatomus, Rachycentron, Scorpe- 
nichthys, Lopholatilus, Melanogrammus, and Gadus. 


NO. 1179. CHARACTERS OF PERCESOCES—STARKS. 3 


DIAGNOSIS OF THE SUPERFAMILY SPHYRANOIDEA. 


.Cleft of mouth wide; teeth fanglike, some of them set in deep sock- 
ets, large teeth on palatines; maxillary with supplemental bone; third 
and fourth superior pharyngeals separate; supraclavicle not reduced 
in size; lower limb of post-temporal not attached to opisthotic by 
suture; exoccipitals not meeting above basioccipital; alisphenoids 
meeting; ethmoid a thin plate, entirely supeiior, extending to and 
forming edge of rostrum; anterior neural spines normal; parapophyses 
not developed on anterior vertebra. 

The characters of the family Sphyrenide are included in the fore- 
going diagnosis. 


OSTEOLOGY OF ATHERINOPSIS CALIFORNIENSIS. 


Exoccipitals not meeting above basioccipital, thus leaving the latter 
to form floor of foramen magnum. 

Basioccipital and exoccipitals not much produced posteriorly. 

Supraoccipital crest not projecting above superior level of skull; its 
posterior edge somewhat broken up and ragged. 

Parietals widely separated by supraoccipital. 

Epiotics produced backward, spreading out into thin, flat, horizontal 
processes, which are much divided and ragged, though scarcely “ bristle- 
like,” asin Mugil and Sphyrena. ~ 

Opisthotics with a projection to which lower limb of post-temporal is 
attached by ligament. — 

Pteroties extending back as thin horizontal shelves of bone. 

Sphenotics weli developed, their front edge continuous with edge of 
frontals. 

Alisphenoids not meeting. 

Anterior opening into brain case large. 

Basisphenoid well developed, wholly in front of basis cranii and not 
continuous with it. Supported directly by prootics and slightly by 
alisphenoids. Its process strongly joined to parasphenoid, extending 
posteriorly into myodome. 

Myodome large, opening to the exterior at its posterior end through 
a small foramen at end of parasphenoid. 

Vomer convex on lower surface; its anterior edge produced at the 
middle; trilobate in the young and pierced by a network of holes. 

Hthmoid wholly superior, being a simple, flat, thin bone supported 
at its anterior edge by vomer and sending some slender filaments of 
bone under frontals. The large space beneath it is filled by cartilage. 

Frontals extending well back over about half of superior portion of 
supraoccipital. 

Metapterygoid united to hyomandibular by a deeply dentate suture. 

Pterygoid very much reduced in size—a mere splint of bone. 

Bones of opercular apparatus large. 

Opercular sending a spine forward in front of hyomandibular. 


4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


Dentary without the typical cavity into which the meckelian cartilage 
and end of articular runs anteriorly. 

Angular present. 

Coronoid bone present. 

Post-temporal not especially firmly attached. Upper limb attached 
to base of epiotic process, the outer side rather loosely to pterotic proc- 
ess. The thin, flat lower limb attached to process from opisthotic by 
a short ligament. 

Supraclavicle very short, its upper end scarcely reaching above 
upper end of clavicle. 

Hypercoracoid placed high on clavicle. Its foramen as described 
under Mugil. 

Hypercoracoid at upper end more broadly joined to clavicle than that 
of Mugil. Its lower end attached to a high median vertical wing 
between inner and outer edge of clavicle. 

Actinosts very short, two joined to each the hypocoracoid and hyper- 
coracoid. Two or fines upper rays of pector al fin working directly on 
hypercoracoid. 

Postelavicle cousisting of a superior and inferior part. 

Pelvic bones higher than wide. A’ spinelike process sent upward 
from the outer edge of each of them. 

Interneurals of spinous dorsal compressed into thin plates without 
descending spines between the neural spines. First and second inter- 
neurals not fused. eS 

Interneurals of soft dorsal with spines between the neural spines as 
usual. In front of them an auxiliary interneural is attached. 

Front of anal fin free under abdominal cavity. 

Interhemals subequal, growing slightly longer anteriorly. The first 
not differentiated. 

Three basibranchials present, united to each other by sutures. 

Suspensory pharyngeal! of first branchial arch present. 

Second arch? with a small toothed superior pharyngeal. 

Superior pharyngealsof third and fourth arches fused into a large ellip- 
tical bone. A transverse groove or suture is present, probably indicat- 
ing separate pharyngeals of the third and fourth arches in the young. 

Hyoid apparatus typical. 

Branchiostegals six; all attached to outer surface of ivi 

Nasals present; thin and short. 

Suborbital ring apparently not complete, one bone besides preorbital 
being at anterior end and one at posterior, while directly beneath eye 
there are no, bones in evidence. 

Premaxillary wide at its lower end, while maxillary is subequal 
throughout its length, which is a transposition of the usnal condition. 

Maxillary without supplemental bone. 


ieee so called Necanee its Geinethon is peel that a suspending the iene 
arches from the cranium. It is typically styloform and toothless. 
2One side only of branchial arches considered in describing superior pharyngeals. 


No. 1179. CHARACTERS OF PERCESOCES—STARKS. 5 


Vertebre, in number, with hypural, 52. In another specimen, 50. 
Impossible to draw a line between abdominal and caudal vertebre. 
Twenty-fifth and succeeding posterior vertebrie with an arch between 
each pair of parapophyses, behind which parapophyses gradually 
become longer, thinner, and wider, till at the thirty-fourth their tips 
approach each other and touch, forming a gradually decreasing tunnel 
continued to the forty-first, where it becomes obsolete. This tunnel 
is probably for reception of posterior end of air bladder. Only those 
vertebre from the forty-first backward have typical hzmal spines. 

Anterior neural spines, flattened into thin plates, much as in Mugil. 

Parapophyses on all abdominal vertebre, including atlas. Subequal 
in size and directed at about the same angle. 

Superior anterior and posterior parapophyses normally developed; 
not with spines, as in Mugil. 

Inferior posterior zygapophyses developed on a few of the middle 
vertebre. 

Hypural assisted in supporting caudal fin by spines of next preced- 
ing four or five vertebre. 

Ribs transversely flattened. 

Epipleurals present, typical. 


OSTEOLOGY OF MUGIL CEPHALUS. 


Cranium short and broad, its upper surface smooth and convex. 

Exoccipitals not meeting above basioccipitals, thus leaving the latter 
to form floor of foramen magnum. 

Exoccipitals and basioccipitals produced backward, elongating the 
foramen magnum tunnel-like. 

Supraoccipital crest produced backward, somewhat broken up or 
ragged posteriorly. Not extending above superior level of skull. 

Parietals widely separated by supraoccipital. 

Epiotics produced far backward, spreading out into thin, flat, hori- 
zontal processes which divide into bristlelike filaments. 

Opisthotics sending back a rod of boue to which lower limb of post- 
temporal is united by suture. 

Pterotics extending backward farther than usual as thin, fiat projec- 
tions. 

Sphenoties well developed, forming large lateral projections from side 
of cranium. A short distance in front of them the frontals are later- 
ally produced, leaving deep conspicuous notches over orbital region. 

Alisphenoids not meeting. 

Anterior opening into brain case large. 

Basisphenoid absent. 

Myodome present, not opening to exterior at its posterior end. The 
anterior edge of basis cranii some distance back from mouth of anterior 
opening into brain case. 

Yomer divided anteriorly into two prominent horns by a deep 
rounded notch. 


6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Ethmoid almost directly above vomer, similarly indented, but by a 
shallower notch. 

Frontals not extending very far back, exposing underlying supra- 
occipital nearly to its anterior end, which reaches about middle of 
cranium. 

Pterygoid reduced in size. Suspensorium otherwise typical. 

Bones of opercular apparatus all large. 

Opercular rolled over toward cranium at upper edge. 

Cavity in dentary for reception of articular not large. 

Coronoid bone well developed. 

Angular present. 

Dentary becoming slender anteriorly. 

Post-temporal very firmly attached. Its upper fork attached broadly 
to a rough surface at base of epiotic process. Lower fork attached 
to process of opisthotic by very deeply dentate suture, forming an 
integral rod of nearly uniform size from opisthotic to distal end of 
posttemporal. Suture at about middle of rod. At posterior end of 
posttemporal at base of forks the long pterotic process is strongly 
fastened, thus forming a tripod attachment for shoulder girdle, mak- 
ing post-temporal wholly immovable. 

Supraclavicle so small that it admits upper end of clavicle to nearly 
reach to a level with lower end of posttemporal. 

Clavicle with a downward-hooked process on inner anterior edge. 

Hypercoracoid placed high on clavicle. Its foramen, though wholly 
contained within hypercoracoid, is so near its forward edge that it 
deeply notches edge of overlying clavicle. 

Hypocoracoid falciform, Its inner upper corner but slightly touch- 
ing clavicle, thence curving quickly away and only weakly attaching 
to it at its long lower end. 

Actinosts short; three joined to hypercoracoid, one to hypocoracoid. 

Pectoral fin placed high on shoulder girdle, two or three of its upper 
rays working directly on hypercoracoid. 

Postelavicle of two pieces. The superior typically lamellate, the 
inferior rodlike, large, and strongly curved inward. 

From the under side of the pubic bones near their union each sends 
a long slender bone forward, which tapers to a hairlike process. 

First interneural of spinous dorsal enlarged and divided into two 
spines, though supporting only one dorsal spine. 

Interneurals of soft dorsal slender and subequal. 

First interhzemal of anal enlarged very slightly, though not elon- 
gated, and supporting two anal spines. Interhemals graduated from 
behind forward. 

Front of anal not free under abdomen. 

In front of spinous dorsal are two peculiar supernumerary interneurals 
composed of two long, slender, contiguous splints of bone placed hori- 
zoutally. At the middle of each a fork is sent down between the 
Second and third and fourth and fifth neural spines respectively. 


No. 1179. CHARACTERS OF PERCESOCES—STARKS. ff 


Apparently but two basi branchials ossified; both in front of third 
areh, the hypobranchials of which meet on a median line. 

Suspensory pharyngeal represented only by a nodule of cartilage. 

First epibranchial typical. The three succeeding ones of complex 
shape, somewhat turned back upon themselves with many curves and 
processes. 

To superior part of second epibranéhial a rather thick triangular 
superior pharyngeal is attached. 

Superior! to all else is a large pharyngobranchial of very complex 
shape. Itis attached to and above the last three epibranchials and 
even to and above pharyngobranchial of second arch. It is doubtless 
the anchylosed pharyngobranchials of third and fourth arches. Tor 
ease of describing, it may be said to consist of a superior and an 
inferior part. The inferior, to which the epibranchials are attached, 
runs straight back to last arch. Springing from its anterior end a thin, 
imperforate, saucer-shaped superior bone arches widely over it, project- 
ing both laterally and posteriorly. This upper part is further supported 
at its middle, umbrellalike, by a ray of bone sent up from posterior 
end of inferior part. 

Hyoid apparatus typical in number and arrangement of elements. 

Branchiostegals six, two attached to epihyal, four to ceratohyal; all 
attached to outer surface of hyoid. 

Maxillary and premaxillary rather narrow and slight. Premaxillary 
widened at lower end, and without supplemental bone. Respective 
sides of maxillary rather widely separated by unusually wide processes 
of premaxillary sent backward at its symphysis. 

Nasals short and quadrangular in shape. 

Suborbitals forming a narrow ring, through which is the usual sensory 
canal. 

Preorbital triangular, its lower edge sharply dentate. 

Vertebral formula: Abdominal 11, caudal 12, which, with the hypural, 
number 24. 

First five vertebre with neural spines flattened laterally and forming 
a more or less continuous crest. 

Parapophyses very large; wide and thin at the edges. Developed 
on all abdominal vertebrae, growing gradually larger and more nearly 
horizontal anteriorly, until the third is reached, thence scarcely dimin- 
ishing in size to the atlas. : 

A process developed from each anterior zygapophysis, which is anky- 
losed with its fellow of the opposite side, forming an arch over neural 
cord, and extending obliquely forward to neural spine. 

A spine developed from each posterior zygapophysis pointing 
obliquely backward and overlapping outer edge of that from anterior 
zy gapophysis. 


1The arches described as straightened out for examination, not as in natural posi- 
tion with the supericr pharyngeals turned downward. 


8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Inferior zygapophyses developed as large spines, each anterior spine 
the longer and pointing obliquely forward; each posterior pointing 
obliquely backward at right angles, meeting it at its middle. 

Hypural assisted in supporting caudal fin by spines of two preceding 
vertebre and two auxiliary spines substituting neural spine of first 
preceding vertebra. 

First rib very small, placed’ on second vertebra. Second, two or 
three times as long and abruptly widened at its upper end. Others 
normal. 

Four epipleurals only present. First placed on first vertebra, unac- 
companied by arib. Other three on first three ribs. 


OSTEOLOGY OF SPHYRAINA ARGENTEA. 


Cranium elongate and narrow, forming a narrow isosceles triangle, as 
viewed from above. 

Supraoccipital scarcely interposed between exoccipitals. Its crest 
extending far back as a thin plate of bone, dividing into numerous 
bristle-like filaments. 

Exoccipitals meeting above basioccipital, completely surrounding 
foramen magnum. 

Exoccipitals and basioccipital produced backward, elongating fora- 
men magnum, which runs tunnel-like into brain cavity. 

Parietals widely separated by supraoccipital, their posterior ends 
overlapping epioties. 

Epiotics extending backward in bristle-like filaments similar to 
supraoccipital. 

Upper limb of posttemporal firmly attached to upper part of epiotic 
process rather than to main part of bone. 

Opisthotics sending a spinelike process backward, to base of which 
lower limb of post-temporal rather loosely attaches itself by ligament. 

Prootics produced anteriorly in a spinelike process. 

Sphenotics large, separated from frontal at middle portion by a large 
foramen. 

Alisphenoids meeting at their upper edges. They restrict the anterior 
opening into brain case to a comparatively small foramen. 

Basisphenoid present, a foramen between it and basis cranii, its 
descending process reaching to and broadly attaching to parasphenoid. 

Myodome present, not opening to exterior at posterior end. 

Vrontals elongate, covering two-thirds of length of skull. 

Prefrontals very elongate, the olfactory foramen within their poste- 
rior fourth. 

Ethmoid entirely superior in position, overlying anterior part of pre- 
frontals and posterior part of vomer, forming edge of rostrum between 
prefrontals and vomer. 

Nasals long, channeled rods of bone fully one third length of cranium 
firmly attached in a groove between frontals and prefrontals and con- 
tinued along upper part of ethmoid and vomer. 


No. 1178. CHARACTERS OF PERCESOCES—STALKS. 8) 


Suborbital ring formed of a very large preorbital and the usual chain 
of small suborbitals tunneled with sensory canal. 

Bones of suspensorium and opercular apparatus typical in their rela- 
tive positions. 

Palatine process very strong and heavy, its lower edge sharp, sup- 
porting a single row of teeth. 

Metapterygoid rather thick, united by suture for whole length of its 
attachment with hyomandibular. No foramen between. 

Symplectic attached to metapterygoid at its upper end by subdentate 
suture. 

Angular present, rather small. 

Coronoid bone well developed. 

Maxillary and premaxillary so attached to each other as to allow 
little play between them. Maxillary with a well developed supplemental 
bone which bears a knob on its posterior edge. 

Teeth of palatine and jaws, except anterior teeth of lower jaw and 
premaxillary, set deep in grooves, which are subdivided for each tooth 
forming semisockets.' The exceptions noted isolated and set in true 
sockets. The rooted portion of each tooth as great or greater than the 
exposed portion. 

Clavicle turning forward at an angle slightly above pectoral fin. 

Pectoral superior in position, its upper ray working directly npon 
hypercoracoid. 

Actinosts moderate in size, all attached to hypercoracoid except half 
of lower one. 

Hypercoracoid barely touching clavicle at its upper end, arching 
widely away from it and strongly attaching to it at its lower end. At 
its upper superior portion a process projects backward past end of 
actinosts. 

Postclavicle consisting of two parts. 

Supraclavicle of moderate size. 

Hypohyals united to ceratohyals by sutures. 

Glossohyal rod-like, rather stout and elongate. 

Urohyal divided into three long processes extending backward beyond 
posterior ends of branchiostegals. These subdivided into bristle-like 
filaments. 

Branchiostegals seven in number. 

Basibranchials three in number, the anterior one in front of that of 
first arch, the posterior ones supporting both second and third arches. 

Superior pharyngeals four, including the moderate suspensory 
pharyngeal, the two posterior forming an elongate ovate patch, but not 
anchylosed. 

First two interneurals of spinous dorsal not anchylosed, as is com- 
monly the case. 


‘Somewhat similar to the posterior teeth in the jaws of a crocodile. 


10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Interhemals evenly graduated in length from behind forward, the 
anterior one not differentiated. 

Vertebral formula: Abdominal, 13; caudal, 11, which, with the hypu- 
ral, are 24. ; 

Atlas short, the succeeding vertebrie elongate and rather smooth, 
without deep pits, and much constricted in the middle. 

Anterior and posterior zygapophyses well developed. 

Parapophyses not developed anterior to ninth vertebra. 

Evidence apparent of hypural having been developed from two pos- 
terior vertebre. 

Hypural assisted in bearing caudal fin by spines from two preceding 
vertebra and some detached auxiliary spines taking the place of neural 
spine of first preceding vertebra. . 

Lateral processes from hypural large and flat, forming a keel. 

Last pair of ribs firmly anchylosed with last pair of parapophyses. 

Epipleurals present. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
SIGNIFICANCE OF REFERENCE LETTERS USED ON PLATES. 


[From drawings by Chloe Lesley Starks. } 


als. Alisphenoid. pas. Parasphenoid. 
bo. Basioccipital. p. Parietal. 
bs. Basisphenoid. pro. Prootie. 
epo. UEpiotie. pto. Pterotic. 
e. Ethmoid. pf. Prefrontal. 
eo. Exoccipital. spo. Sphenotic. 
fr. Frontal. so. Supraoccipital. 
na. Nasal. v. Vomer. ; 


opo. Opisthotic. 
PLATE I. 
Superior views of the crania of Sphyrena argentea, Atherinopsis californiensis, and 
Mugil cephalus. 
PuatE II. 


Lateral views of the crania of Sphyrewna argentea, Atherinopsis californiensis, and 
Mugil cephalus. 
Pirate III. 
Posterior views of the crania of Sphyrena argentea, Atherinopsis californiensis, and 
Mugil cephalus. : 


| 


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PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XxXIl 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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LATERAL VIEWS OF CRANIA OF (1) SPHYRAENA ARGENTEA, (2) ATHERINOPSIS 
CALIFORNIENSIS, AND (3) MUGIL CEPHALUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 10. 


Palo Bay 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. Ill 


SS 
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POSTERIOR VIEWS OF CRANIA OF (1) SPHYRAENA ARGENTEA, (2) ATHERINOPSIS 
CALIFORNIENSIS, AND (3) MUGIL CEPHALUS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 10. 


NOTES ON BIRDS FROM THE CAMEROONS DISTRICT, 
WEST AFRICA. 


By Harry C. OBERHOLSER, 
Assistant Biologist, Department of Agriculture. 


The U.S. National Museum has recently acquired a small collection 
of birds made by Mr. G. L. Bates in the Cameroons District of West 
Africa. At the request of the curator of the Division of Birds the 
writer has prepared the following report upon this collection which, 
though it contains no novelties, comprises several species of consider- 
able interest; and the data from the labels has been supplemented by 
such critical remarks upon the specimens as the circumstances appear 
to make desirable, including the creation of a new genus for the recep- 
tion of the species commonly known as Andropadus virens. 

The 59 specimens are referable to 32 species, and are nearly all from 
Efulen—or Ebfulla, as it is called on German maps—in the Njondo 
River region, about 100 miles inland. Only two specimens, one each 
of Ceratogymna atrata and Actitis hypoleuca, are from elsewhere, they 
coming from Batanga on the coast. The dates of collecting range 
from May 30 to August 3, but a large proportion of the specimens were 
taken in June. 

Family SCOLOPACID &. 


ACTITIS HYPOLEUCA (Linnzus). 


Tringa hypoleucos LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 149. 
Actilis hypoleucos ILLIGER, Prodr., 1811, p. 262. 


One specimen in worn plumage, taken at Batanga, August 3, 1895. 


Family TRERONID&. 
VINAGO CALVA (Temminck and Knip). 


Columba calva TEMMINCK and KnipP, Pig., I, 1808, p. 35, pl. 7. 
Vinago calva STEPHENS, Gen. Zool., XI, Pt. 1, 1819, p. 117. 
One male, undoubtedly adult, although the gray collar on the hind 
neck is rather indistinct, being strongly tinged with the olive green of 
the upper surface. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1180. 
11 


Ly PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII 


Family ALCEDINID. 


HALCYON MALIMBICUS (Shaw). 


Alcedo malimbica SHAW, Gen. Zool., VIII, 1811, p. 66. 
Halcyon malimbica Cassin, Cat. Haleyon. Phila. Mus., 1852, p. 8. 

One adult male. Although Dr. Reichenow does not include’ this 
form among the birds of the Cameroons District, there seems to be little 
doubt of the correct identification of the present specimen, as it agrees 
perfectly with the plate and description given by Dr. Sharpe.’ The 
present locality must be quite or at least very near the northern limit 
of the range of malimbicus, which probably passes thence into Halcyon 
malimbicus forbesi, the latter occupying the region from at least the 
Cameroons Mountains northward to Sierra Leone, and in turn replaced 
in Senegambia by Haicyon malimbicus torquatus. 


HALCYON SENEGALENSIS (Linnzus). 


Alcedo senegalensis LINN&US, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 180. 
Halcyon senegalensis SwAINson, Birds W. Afr., II, 1837, p. 97. 

Two specimens, one of which, though nearly adult, still retains some 
indications of immature plumage. The maxilla is red, save for a dusky 
spot on each side at the base and a narrow blackish line along the 
apical two-thirds of the culmen. The flanks are distinctly barred with 
dusky; the sides of the head, including the superciliary region, together 
with the nape and occiput, have a conspicuous wash of bluish, and the 
whole upper surface, particularly the anterior portion, is darker and 
duller than in the fully adult. 


Family BUCEKROTID 48. 
LOPHOCEROS FASCIATUS (Shaw). 


Bueeros fasciatus SHAW, Gen. Zool., VIII, 1811, p. 34. 
Lophoceros fasciatus CABANIS and HEINE, Mus. Hein., II, 1860, p. 168. 
A pair of adult birds is in the collection. The greater size of the 
male is very conspicuous in the bill. 


CERATOGYMNA ATRATA (Temminck). 


Buceros atratus TEMMINCK, PI. Col., II, 1834, p. 69, pl. 558. 
Ceratogymna atrata SHELLEY, Ibis, 1888, p. 51. 
One specimen, a fine adult male, with molt not quite completed. 
This bird was shot in the forest 10 miles east of Batanga. 


1 Journ. fiir Ornith., 1896, p. 55. 
2Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, p. 247, pl. 6, fig. 3. 


NO, 1180. BIRDS FROM WEST AFRICA—OBERHOLSER. 13 


Family CAPITONID4. 
GYMNOBUCCO CALVUS (Lafresnaye). 


Bueco calvus LAFRESNAYE, Rev. Zool., 1841, p. 241. 
Gymnobucco calvus BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 141. 

Two specimens, male and female, June 11, 1895. Both of these indi- 
viduals are typical of the so-called Gymnobucco peli, and are undoubt- 
edly adults. From examination of these and from comparison with an 
adult specimen of true G. calvus from Fantee, the writer is very strongly 
inclined to consider Dr. Sharpe correct in his opinion of the specific 
distinctness of G. peli. That they are sexes of the same species seems 
unlikely if any reliance is to be placed upon the sexing of collectors. 
The examples at hand indicate that calvus is in all its dimensions a 
decidedly larger bird than peli, this difference of dimensions conspicu- 
ous in the bill. It lacks entirely the tufts of nasal bristles so conspicu- 
ous in peli, and the scattered bristles on the top of the head are much 
fewer in number. The number of specimens at present available is too 
limited, however, to warrant a definite opinion, and final disposition of 
the question must necessarily be deferred until a sufficient series prop- 
erly sexed can be brought together. 


TRICHOLAZMA GABONENSE Shelley. 


Tricholema gabonense SHELLEY, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, XXIX, October, 1895, p. iii. 


An adult female of this little known but very distinct species is con- 
tained in the present collection. As no detailed description of the 
species appears to have been published, the following, taken from this 
example, is added: 


Top of head black, thickly spotted with greenish yellow; remainder of upper 
parts, including wings and tail, sepia brown; the back -and wing-coverts with 
roundish markings of greenish yellow; wing-quills (excepting outer primaries), tail- 
feathers, and upper tail-coverts margined externally with greenish yellow, this most 
golden on the wings, most greenish on the tail-coverts; sides of head black mottled 
with white; throat white, the feathers with shaft markings of brownish black; 
rest of lower parts dull yellowish green, the feathers of the jugulum with narrow 
black shaft lines and hair-like tips; the breast and abdomen with roundish spots of 
dark brown, these expanding into bars posteriorly. 


Family PICID AS. 
MESOPICOS XANTHOLOPHUS Hargitt. 


Dendropicus cantholophus HARGITT, Ibis, 1883, p. 173. 
Mesopicus xantholophus HARGItTT, Ibis, 1883, p. 421. 


One specimen of this rare species is contained in the collection. 
Although sexed as a female, the yellow feathers on the occiput seem to 
indicate its being a male. Otherwise it is apparently typical, though 
its measurements are rather small. 


14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou.xx | 


DENDROMUS PERMISTUS (Reichenow). 


Picus (Campothera) permistus REICHENOW, Journ. fiir Orn., 1876, p. 97. 
Campethera permista SHARPE and BUVIER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1876, p. 312. 

The single example is an adult male. It differs from an Angola 
female in the U. 8S. National Museum by reason of its brighter green 
upper surface and deeper color below—the latter particularly noticeable 
posteriorly—and by its somewhat smaller size. Should a satisfactory 
series prove these differences to be sufficiently constant, the Cameroons 
form, provisionally established on smaller .size by Dr. Sjostedt,' must 
be known as Dendromus permistus pumilus. 

The generic term Dendromus Swainson, 1837, pmirad nies by several 
years Campethera Gray, 1841, and should be used for the group which 
in current usage passes under the name Campothera. There is no more 
reason for rejecting Dendromus on the ground of a former Dendromys? 
than there would be to refuse Pica on account of a previous Prcus, for 
Dendromus is derived from dévdpov and Spopos, while Dendromys 
comes from dévdpor and js, the terminal elements involving more 
than mere grammatical endings, although as latinized they differ only 
in a single letter. 

Family TKOGONID 4. 
APALODERMA NARINA (Levaillant). 
Couroucou narina LEVAILLANT, Ois. d’Afr., V, 1806, p. 73. 
Apaloderma narina SWAINSON, Classif. Birds, II, 1837, p. 337. 

The single specimen is an immature male, and differs from all the 
other examples of this form with which it has been compared in the 
color of the upper surface, which is clear grass-green, with scarcely a 
trace of the bronzy tinge so evident in ordinary specimens. Otherwise 
it is apparently typical, the wing-coverts being broadly edged with 
green, thus showing no approach to constantia. 


Family PYCNONOTID 4.’ 
BLEDA‘ ICTERINA (Bonaparte). 


Trichophorus icterinus BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 262 (ex Temminck, 
manuscript). 

One aduit male, in breeding plumage. This species is commonly 

placed in the genus Criniger, and by Captain Shelley® in Pyrrhurus, 

but in pattern of coloration, as well as in structural characters, it is so 


‘Ornith. Monatsberichte, II, 1894, p. 35. 

2Smith, Zool. Journ., [V, 1829, p. 439. 

5 Brachypodide is certainly untenable as a family name for this group if the genus 
Brachypodius, upon which it is founded, be considered a synonym of Microtarsus. 
Even if Brachypodius is distinct, the proper designation for the family is apparently 
Pycnonotide, since it seems to have been the name first used. 

4 For the use of this name, see Richmond, Auk., XVI, April, 1899, p. 183. 

> Birds of Africa, 1, 1896, p. 64. 


NO. 1180. BIRDS FROM WEST AFRICA—OBERHOLSER. 15 


per fect | a miniature of Xenocichla (= Bleda) syndactyla that Cassin 
apparently was quite right in calling it a Xenocichla (— Bleda). With 
regard to the specific name, however, it seems to the present writer 
unnecessary to reject icterina of Bonaparte for tricolor of Cassin solely 
on account of a previous icterica in the same genus; for the two names 
are sufficiently distinct, both actually and etymologically, not to cause 
any serious confusion. 


EURILLAS,! new genus. 


Chars. gen.— Genus generi “Andropadus” dicto simile, a quo differt 
rostro latiore et depressiore, naribus rotundatis. 
Type.—Andropadus virens Cassin. 

The type of the genus Andropadus is A. importunus (Vieillot), from 
which A. virens differs so much in structural characters that its generic 
separation seems necessary. The very much broader, more depressed 
bill, oval instead of slit-like nostrils, are very distinctive. The tomia 
are scarcely or not at all incurved, and the closed bill is thus without the 
groove which is so conspicuous along the commissure of Andropadus 
importunus. The outline of the culmen is nearly straight until near the 
tip, while in Andropadus it is curved almost from the base. The rictal 
bristles are also more strongly developed in Eurillas. From other 
related genera, except Stelgidillas,’ Eurillas may easily be distinguished 
by the serrations of the subterminal portion of the cutting edge of the 
maxilla, and from Stelgidillas by the short, broad, and much-depressed 
bill. 

Of the other species commonly referred to Andropadus, only latiros- 
tris has been examined, so that with this exception it has not been pos- 
sible to determine where they should be placed. 


EURILLAS VIRENS (Cassin). 
Andropadus virens CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p. 34. 


Two specimens. Although both are apparently adults, one is much 
more brownish both above and below. 


EURILLAS LATIROSTRIS (Strickland). 
Andropadus latirostris STRICKLAND, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1844, p. 100. 

One specimen. There may be some doubt about the advisability of 
referring this species to Hurillas, for in some characters it is aberrant; 
but it certainly is not an Andropadus, and, unless a separate genus be 
created for its reception, is apparently best placed as above. 


PYCNONOTUS BARBATUS GABONENSIS (Sharpe). 
Pycnonotus gabonensis SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 132, pl. vu, fig. 1. 
Three specimens, practically identical in plumage, except that one 
has almost no tinge of yellow on the crissum. The much darker shade 
of all brown portions of the plumage easily distinguishes this form from 


| Evpvs, latus; 7AAds, turdus. 2 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXII, 1899, p. 130. 


16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


true barbatus ; but intermediate specimens, from the region of the river 
Niger,' make necessary its reduction to subspecific rank. An example 
in the U. S. National Museum collection, from Fantee, is intermediate, 
but apparently nearer gabonensis. 


Family MUSCICAPID Ai. 


STIZORHINA FRASERI (Strickland). 


Muscicapa fraseri STRICKLAND, Proce. Zool. Soc., 1844, p. 101. 
Stizorhina fraseri OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., June, 1899, p. 213. 
Two specimens. Both are sexed as males, but one is noticeably paler 
both above and below, having also much less rusty on the superior 
wing-coverts, is slightly smaller, and may possibly be a female. 


TCHITREA VIRIDIS (Miiller). 
Muscicapa viridis MULLER, Syst. Nat., Anhang, 1776, p. 171. 
Muscicapa cristata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 938. 

One specimen of this puzzling species is in the collection. The head 
is metallic greenish blue, as is also the throat, which shades off gradu- 
ally into the bluish slate of the abdomen and crissum; the back and 
well-developed tail are rufous. . 

This is the species commonly called Terpsiphone cristata, but Miiller’s 
name viridis has twelve years’ priority, and should not be ignored. 


ARTOMYIAS FULIGINOSA J. and EK. Verreaux. 


Artomyias fuliginosa J. and FE. VERREAUX, Journ. f. Orn., March, 1855, p. 104. 
One specimen, in rather poor plumage, taken June 8, 1895. It is 
marked female. 


DIAPHOROPHYIA CASTANEA (Fraser). 


Platysteira castanea FRASER, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1842, p. 141. 
Diaphorophyia castanea SHARPE, Ibis, 1873, p. 172. ; 

Three specimens. Two are adult males in breeding plumage; the 
other is apparently a young female. It differs from the adult female in 
being rather darker above, the head dull grayish brown instead of 
bluish gray; the burnt-sienna brown of throat and jugulum much 
mixed with whitish. 


Family NECTARINIID 2. 


ANTHREPTES FRASERI Jardine and Selby. 
Anthreptes frasert JARDINE and SELBY, III. Orn., 1842, new ser., pl. 52. 

One specimen, apparently an adult female, taken June 15, 1895. 
This rare sunbird does not seem ever to have been recorded north of — 
Gaboon, and thus is a very interesting addition, to the fauna of the 
Cameroons District. 


1} Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VI, 1881, p. 147. 


NO. 1180. BIRDS FROM WEST AFRICA—OBERHOLSER. 17 


CINNYRIS OBSCURA (Jardine). 
Nectarinia obscurc, JARDINE, Monogr. Sunbirds, 1842, p. 253. 
Cinnyris obscurus BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 407. 

In the series of seven specimens there is comparatively little indi- 
vidual color difference. ‘The upper parts in some are rather more tinged 
with brownish; the under surface varies somewhat in the extent and 
shade of the greenish wash; but otherwise they are alike. There is, 
however, a considerable variation in measurements. A specimen in 
the U.S. Museum collection, from Fantee, is noticeably more brownish 
both above and below, and suggests the possibility of the existence of 
a northern race. 

Family PLOCEIDA. 
MALIMBUS MALIMBICUS (Daudin). 
Tanagra malimbica (male) DAuDIN, Ann. du Mus., I, 1802, p. 151, pl. 10, fig. 1. 
Malimbus malimbicus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 480. 

The single specimen is an adult male in perfect plumage. It is 
apparently identical with an example from Fantee, and as compared 
with this does not exhibit the restriction of black on the forehead which 
is stated by Dr. Sharpe to characterize the Camerocns birds. 


SPORAEGINTHUS MELPODUS (Vieillot). 
Fringilla melpoda VIEILLOT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XII, 1817, p. 177. 
Sporaeginthus melpodus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 325. 

Two specimens, June 26, 1895,in immature plumage. As this con- 
dition differs somewhat from that of the adult, and appears to be 
unknown, the following description is offered: Above, including wing- 
coverts, light chocolate brown, duller and rather darker on the head, 
but without conspicuous contrast; upper tail-coverts dull red; wing: 
quills fuscous, narrowly margined with paler; tail sepia, the outer 
feathers tipped and broadly edged externally with brownish gray; 
sides of head orange, this color deepest on the lores and paling to yel- 
low on the posterior auriculars; throat and sides of neck light gray; 
remainder of lower parts dull buff, palest anteriorly; lining ot wing buff. 


PYRENESTES COCCINEUS Cassin. 


Pyrenestes coccineus CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1848, p. 67. 
Two adult males in the comparatively rare black plumage. One of 
these, taken June 27, is in process of molt, this being most conspicuous 
in the feathers of head and tail. 


Hamily HIRUNDINID i. 


PSALIDOPROCNE NITENS (Cassin), 
Alticora nitens CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p. 38. 
Psalidoprocne nitens SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1870, p. 291. 


Two specimens. Both have the throat sooty brown, a character 
mentioned by Dr. Sharpe! as peculiar to the birds from Gaboon and 


'Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, 1885, p. 204. 
Proc. N. M., vol. xxii 2 


18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


the Cameroons. No other specimens are at present available for com- 
parison, so that it is impossible to add anything to his remarks. One 
of the present examples, probably an immature bird, has a conspicuous 
brownish tinge to the entire plumage, this most noticeable below, the 
abdomen being almost entirely devoid of any greenish shade. 


Family DICRURIDZi. 


DICRURUS MODESTUS Hartlaub. 
Dicrurus modestus HARTLAUB, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1849, p. 495. 


One adult male, June 5, 1895. In process of molt, this particularly 
observable in the feathers of the wings, tail, throat, and sides of head. 
This example is slightly less velvety above than others of the same 
species, in this respect appearing to be somewhat intermediate between 
true modestus of Gaboon and atactus! from Liberia and Fantee. 


Family LANITD.4. 
NICATOR CHLORIS (Lesson). 
’ Tchagra chloris Lesson, Traité d@’Orn., 1831, p. 373. 
Nicator chloris FINSCH AND HARTLAUB, V6g. Ostafr., 1870, p. 360. 
One specimen, apparently identical with others from Fantee and 


Gaboon 
CHAUNONOTUS SABINEI Gray. 


Thamnophilus sabinei J. E.GRAy, Zool. Misc., I, p. 6. 
Chaunonotus sabinei J. E. GRAY, Mag. Nat. Hist., 1X, 1837, p. 487. 
One specimen, July 15, 1895, with molt not quite completed. The 
structural characters of this species seem quite sufficient to warrant its 
generic separation from Dryoscopus. 


DRYOSCOPUS LEUCORHYNCHUS Hartlaub. 


Telephonus leucorhynchus HARTLAUB, Rev. Zool., 1848, p. 108. 
Dryoscopus leucorhynchus HARTLAUB, Orn. W. Aff., 1857, p. 112. 

One specimen, differing from a Gaboon example in having less of the 
brownish tinge, this appreciable throughout the plumage, and in hav- 
ing a shorter tail; but whether these differences are geographical or 
merely individual is not possible to determine from the material at hand. 


TELOPHONUS AUSTRALIS USSHERI (Sharpe). 


Laniarius ussheri SHARPE, Layard’s Birds S. Africa, 1882, p. 397. 
Telophonus ussheri GADow, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VIII, 1883, p. 124. 
One male, June 14. The specific distinctness of Telophonus australis. 
from Telophonus senegalus appears to be perfectly weil established on 


2 


the differences mentioned by Dr. Gadow;” and the latter is also darker, 


'Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXII, 1899, p. 35. 
?Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VIII, 1883, p. 124. 


No. 1180. BIRDS FROM WEST AFRICA—OBERHOLSER. 19 


duller below, with a much more deeply ochraceous superciliary stripe. 
Telophonus australis usshert seems to be a very good race, and some 
additional characters separating it from true australis are the darker 
shade of the upper surface, the rather lighter, less ochraceous super- 
ciliary stripe, and much paler auriculars. In the present specimen of 
ussheri the dark bars on the two middle tail feathers are much more 
indistinct than on any of the examples of australis available for com- 
parison. 

The specific name australis appears to be the correct one for the bird 
commonly known as Telophonus trivirgatus, since Malaconotus australis 
Smith! bas thirteen years priority over the same author’s trivirgatus. 


Family ORIOLID. 


ORIOLUS NIGRIPENNIS Verreaux. 


Oriolus nigripennis VERREAUX, Journ. f. Orn., 1855, p. 105. 
Two specimens in adult plumage. This species is, besides its other 
points of difference, very much more yellowish green above than either 

Oriolus larvatus or Oriolus larvatus brachyrhynchus. 


Family PRIONOPID 4. 


FRASERIA OCHREATA (Strickland). 


Tephrodornis ochreatus STRICKLAND, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1844, p. 102. 
Fraseria ochreata HARTLAUB, Orn. West Afr., 1857, p. 102. 

Five specimens, two adults and three more or less immature. The 
former are sexed as males, and are apparently typical. One of them 
has a broad white tip to one of the right scapulars—evidently an 
albinistic marking. The immature birds differ in being rather lighter 
and browner above, with narrow fulvous tips to the greater wing-cov- 
erts, and in being washed with ochraceous below, most conspicuously 
on the breast and jugulum, though in one example quite strongly over 
nearly all the lower surface. The squamations on the chest are much 
less distinct than in the adult, being rather narrower, as well as paler 
and more brownish, 

Whether or not Fraseria should be included among the Prionopidse 
may well be questioned, but its scutellated tarsus indicates that it is 
not a thrush, although it has been placed in the family Turdide by 
Captain Shelley.’ 


‘Rep. Expl. Exped. Cent. Afr., 1836, p. 44. 2 Birds of Africa, I, 1896, p. 83 


vhs. 


DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF TORTOISES 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF THE UNITED STATES. 


By O. P. Hay. 


The species first to be described was collected by Mr. Charles Schu- 
chert, assistant curator, division of stratigraphic paleontology, U.S. 
National Museum. The specimen was found in the Zeuglodon beds of 
the Jackson formation of the Eocene, in Choctaw County, Alabama, 
near Cocoa post-office, on land belonging to Mr. James Brown. In the 
immediate vicinity, Mr. Schuchert collected also a nearly complete 
skeleton of Basilosaurus (Zeuglodon), some bones of Dorudon, and ver- 
tebre of the snake which has been described and figured by Mr. F. A. 
Lucas ! as Pterosphenus schucherti. 

The turtle was found lying imbedded in the rock with the plastron 
downward. The upper portion of the carapace had been planed off by 
denudation down to the upper borders of the marginals. It is there- 
fore impossible to determine the character of the neural and costal 
bones and of the various superior epidermal scutes. The remainder of 
the shell was intact, or nearly so, when excavated; but, in spite of 
careful packing, it suffered much in shipment to the National Museum. 
However, notwithstanding its broken condition, it has, under the intel- 
ligent supervision of Mr. Lucas, the Curator of the Division of Com- 
parative Anatomy, been so skillfully restored that little is left to be 
desired, so far as the plastron and most of the marginals are con- 
cerned. To Mr. Lucas I am indebted for the opportunity to study and 
describe this interesting relic. 

I have assigned this species provisionally to the genus Hadrianus of 
Cope. It undoubtedly belongs there, or to Testudo, or to some closely 
related genus. In order to determine this question definitely we need 
to have the upper portion of the shell. An examination of the diagram 
of the shell of Testudo ibera given by Boulenger? shows that the neurals 
and costals of this genus have undergone peculiar modifications. The 
neurals are alternately quadrate and octagonal, while the outer ends 


1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1898, X XI, p. 637. 
2 Catalogue of Chelonians, p. 151. 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1181. 


22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


of the costals are alternately very wide and very narrow. In Hadri- 
anus the elements of the carapace have not attained such differentiation. 

The species here described is named in honor of its discoverer. It 
will therefore be known as 


HADRIANUS SCHUCHERTI. 


The total length of the shell of this tortoise was originally close to 
75 em. (30 inches); its width, 52.5 cm. (21 inches). As will be seen from 
an inspection of Plate IV, the lateral borders of the shell are nearly 
straight, and parallel with each other. In front of the forelegs the 
margins round rapidly into the anterior border, so that in front the 
carapace is quite truncate. The hinder border approaches a segment 
of a circle. Neither the anterior nor the posterior margin is to any 
degree serrated. 

The marginals rise on the side of the carapace to a height of 10 em. 
The passage from the lower surface of the shell to the upper is quite 
abrupt; but this is due to a considerable extent, at least, to distortion 
from pressure. In living forms of Testudo the upper portion of the 
shell usually rounds gradually into the lower portion. 

The borders of the carapace over the openings for the posterior limbs 
are gently reverted; over the openings for the lower limbs the carapace 
is somewhat more strongly reverted. The caudal marginal appears to 
have descended without any upward flare. 

The plastron is concave; it has a length of 67.5 em. On a line 25 
mm. in front of the axillary notch the width of the anterior lobe of the 
plastron is 28cm. The tip of the lobe is prolonged into an obtuse angle. 
The tip is considerably thickened in front, but the borders are rather 
acute. The tip of the lobe was not prolonged in front of the carapace. 
In Hadrianus octonarius, the type of the genus, the plastron ends in 
front in a very broad and truncate lip. 

The width of the bridge is slightly more than one-third the length of 
the plastron. Measured on a line 25 mm. behind the inguinal notches, 
the width of the hinder lobe of the plastron is 30 em. This lobe is 
deeply notched on its hinder border. The posterior angles may, how- 
ever, have been somewhat more rounded than in the restoration. 

The entoplastron has a width of 15 em. Its hinder border can not 
be accurately traced, but its position was not greatly different from 
that represented by the dotted line on Plate V. The other bony ele- 
ments of the plastron have their boundaries shown on the same plate 
by means of the continuous zigzag lines. ‘They present no essential 
variations in form or position from those of modern species of Testudo. 

The conformation of the epidermal scutes, whose sutures are shown 
by the stippled lines in Plate V, is not, so far as can be determined with 
certainty, essentially different from that of the shields of recent species 
of Testudo. The gulars did not encroach on the territory of the ento- 
plastron. The humero-pectoral suture runs straight across the plastron 
until it approaches the axillary notch, when it turns abruptly forward. 


No. 1181. NEW SPECIES OF TORTOISES—HAY. 93 


The pectoral shields are extremely narrow in the middle line, but they 
widen right and left. The suture between the right and the left abdom- 
inal shields is very long, being contained in the length of the plastron 
only two and one-half times. There is present on each side an evident 
inguinal shield, and there were probably axillary shields, but they can 
not be demonstrated. I am not able to determine with certainty the 
position of the suture between the marginal shields and those of the 
plastron. In Testudo and its immediate allies this suture is well up on 
the marginal bones. In other genera, as Geomyda and Clemmys, it is 
located near the outer border of the plastral bones. In H. schucherti 
the suture between the pectorals and the abdominals gives off, near the 
outer border of the hyoplastron, what seems plainly to be a branch 
which is directed forward. This branch seems to me to be the anterior 
end of the suture between the plastral and the marginal shields. Ifsuch 
it is, it is quite different in position from that of species of Testudo. In 
the type of Hadrianus, a large and quite perfect shell, the sutures 
between the epidermal shields are very deep and distinet, but the 
sutures between the bones are usually very obscure. Nevertheless, I 
believe that here too the epidermal suture referred to lies on the plas- 
tral bones. : 

The second species of turtle to be described comes from coal-bearing 
strata of Miocene age. The particular locality is mine No. 4, near 
Roslyn, Washington. This town is located in Kittitass County, at the 
eastern base of the Cascade range of mountains. The deposit in which 
the turtle was found is known as the Roslyn sandstone. The preser- 
vation of the fine specimen is due to the intelligent interest of Mr. P. Y. 
Heckman, of Roslyn, from whom it was obtained for the U.S. National 
Museum. The Museum is indebted to Dr. F. H. Knowlton for his 
friendly offices in securing this species. 

The specimen displays only the upper surface of the shell; but this 
is almost entire and almost uninjured. Itis probable that the plastron 
is also present, but the matrix is so refractory that it has been thought 
best not to attempt to remove it. After a careful study of the carapace 
I have been unable to assign it to any of the described genera of Testu- 
dines. I therefore venture to propose a new genus for its reception. 
The specific name I derive from the collector of the specimen. The 
name of this new form is 


ACHERONTEMYS HECKMANI. 


Generic characters.—Carapace broad, rather depressed. Neural 
bones about as broad as long; mostly hexagonal, with the antero-lateral 
sides much shorter than the postero lateral. A single very broad pygal. 
Marginals 23 in number, coinciding with the outer ends of the cos- 
tals, instead of alternating with them. Vertebral shields very broad. 

Name derived from Acheron, a river of the fabled lower world, and 
emys, a turtle. ; 

Specific characters.—Carapace broad, rounded in front and behind. 


24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


No evidences of serrations on the border behind. Median line appar- 
ently occupied by a keel of low bosses. 

Surface of the carapace mostly smooth, with the impressions of the 
shield sutures distinct; areas occupied by costal shields with some 
longitudinal wrinkles. First neural nearly square; the eighth pentag- 
onal, with the anterior side very short. The single pygal extremely 
broad, extending across three marginals. The nuchal is considerably 
broader than long. Marginals quadrate; the lateral ones each placed 
opposite the end of a costal. The second and third vertebral shields 
enormous, extending laterally beyond the middle of the costals, the 
anterior border of the second vertebral occupying its usual position. 
Its hinder border thrown back to the hinder border of the third neural. 
The hinder border of the third vertebral not crossing the fifth neural, 
the usual position, but thrown backward to near the hinder border of 
the sixth neural. The fourth neural is thus made very concave in front. 
Costal shie!ds narrow, not one-half as wide as the contiguous verte- 
brals, alternate sutures between lateral marginal shields coinciding 
with sutures of costal shields. 

As to the relationships of this genus we can say nothing certain until 
we have at least had an opportunity to study the plastron. Neverthe- 
less its affinities appear to be with the Chelydridz, and we may place it 
there provisionally. It is of interest to compare the figure on Plate VI 
with the diagrams of the carapaces of Chelydra and Macroclemmys, 
found in Boulengevr’s Catalogue of Chelonians.! The carapaces of all 
three genera have the same general form; in all, the neural bones are 
closely similar; in all, the marginals lie opposite the outer ends of the 
costals, instead of alternating with the latter. In Cheiydra and Macro- 
clemmys, however, there are more or less extensive fontanelles between 
the costals and marginals. In both, the vertebral shields are of mod- 
erate width; in both, the hinder border of the shellis serrated. Length 
of the carapace, 181 mm; its width, 118 mm. 

Certain described genera of fossil turtles display vertebral shields 
as broad, perhaps, as those of the form here described. Among these 
may be mentioned Hylwochelys, which is figured by Dr. Lydekker.2 In 
this genus, however, the neural bones are long and narrow. Plesiochelys, 
a figure of which may be found in Zittel’s Handbuch, page 545, also 
has very broad vertebral shields; but here again the neurals are nar- 
row. Platychelys* is also furnished with broad vertebrals, but it is in 
many respects different from Acherontemys. The neurals are very irreg- 
ular in form and size; the carapace has a different form and is covered 
with large bosses. 

It is to be hoped that Mr. Heckman will be able, through the miners — 
in his employ, to secure other specimens of this species, so that the 
structure of the plastron may be determined. 


1 Pages 22, 25. 

* Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia, Pt. 3, p. 188, fig. 43. 

3’ Lydekker, Catalogue of the fossil Reptilia and Amphibia, Pt. 3, p. 217, fig. 48; 
Zittel, Handbuch, III, p. 538, tig. 499. 


IV 


Rie 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIl 


NATIONAL MUSEUM 


U. S. 


HADRIANUS SCHUCHERTI. 


ae 


Bae ea 


ene 
Pv en 
suse 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIl 


PEW. 


HADRIANUS SCHUCHERTI. 


me 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. Vi 


ACHERONTEMYS HECKMANI. 


x65. 


Bin tn 
ct 
naly 


A LIST OF THE BIRDS COLLECTED BY MR. R. P. CURRIE 
IN LIBERIA. 


By Harry C. OBERHOLSER, 
Assistant Biologist, Department of Agriculture. 


Although Mr. Currie’s trip to Liberia, under the auspices of the 
United States National Museum, was largely devoted to the collecting 
of insects, he nevertheless managed during his sojourn in that country, 
trom February 1 until May 10, 1897, to obtain a small series of birds. 
These specimens, 57 in number, were referred to the writer for deter- 
mination and report. They prove to represent 39 forms, 4 of which 
are here described as new, while another, Dryotriorchis spectabilis, is 
sufficiently rare to be worthy of special mention. AJ] the matter 
between quotation marks, together with the data relating to length, 
extent, colors of the unfeathered parts, as well as the Liberian, or 
English, and Golah, or native, names are from Mr. Currie’s notes. The 
writer is also in debted to him for information respecting the locality at 
which the birds were secured. 

Mount Coffee, where Mr. Currie’s collecting was done, is one of the 
numerous low hills along the St. Paul River, about 25 miles from 
Monrovia. The land, which begins to rise near the coast, attains in 
the vicinity of Mount Coffee an altitude of from 400 to 500 feet. The 
greater portion of the region is covered with heavy tropical forest, 
interrupted here and there by small clearings. The undergrowth in 
the forest is not particularly heavy, but abandoned rice fields are, 
under the influence of the hot, moist climate, rapidly converted into 
impenetrable thickets. The river, here about 100 yards in width, flows 
with considerable current over an exceedingly rocky bed and receives 
the tribute of numerous minor streams. These latter, particularly 
when they run through the forest, are, like the clearings, favorite 
resorts for birds. 

Family CURSORIID 44. 


GALACHRYSIA MARCHEI (Oustalet). 
Glareola marchei OUSTALET, Bull. Soc. Philom., I, 1877, p. 104. 
Galactochrysea marchit SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 726. 
Two adult males and an immature female, all taken along the St. 
Paul River. The two adults measure, respectively: Length, 180.6, 185.6 
mm.; expanse, 450, 465.5 mm. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII-—No. 1182. 


26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Family RALLIDZ. 
SAROTHRURA PULCHRA (Gray). 


Crex pulchra J. E. GRAY, in Griffith’s ed. Cuvier, Anim. Kingd., Aves, pp. 410, 542. 
Sarothrura pulchra STONE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1894, p. 148. 
One adult male of this pretty rail is in the collection. Length, 177 
mm.; expanse, 254.5 mm. ‘Bill dark horn or blackish, paler at base 
beneath; feet black.” 


Family PHASIANID. 
FRANCOLINUS AHANTENSIS Temminck. 


Francolinus ahantensis TEMMINCK, Bijdr. tot de Dierk., I, 1854, p. 49, pl. 14. 
One adult female. Length, 353 mm.; expanse, 534mm. The Eng- 
lish name of the species is ‘‘Guinea fowl” in Liberia; in the Golah 
dialect it is ‘“‘Chine-chilo.” 


Family FALCONID Zs. 
DRYOTRIORCHIS SPECTABILIS (Schlegel). 


Astur spectabilis SCHLEGEL, Nederl. Tijdschr., I, 1864, p. 13, pl. 6. 
Dryotriorchis spectabilis SHARPE,' Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, p. 279. 

One fine adult example of this rare hawk is in the collection. The 
entire upper surface, excepting the tail and the wing quills, has a dis- 
tinct slaty cast; otherwise this individual agrees perfectly with pub- 
lished descriptions. Length, 546 mm.; expanse, 953 mm. It was shot 
in the forest, and was in the act of swallowing a green snake, part of 
which was subsequently found in its throat. Mr. Currie states that it 
was very tame and unsuspicious. Golah name of the species, ‘See- 
pwah.” 

The specimen obtained by Mr. Currie is apparently the ninth of which 
any record has been published. All of these have come from a 
restricted area on the western coast of Africa extending only from 
Liberia to Gaboon. A list of those previously recorded is here added: 
1. One specimen from Elmina, Gold Coast. Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr., I, 1864, p. 13, 

1. 6. 
2. oe adult, from the interior of Fantee. Shelley, Ibis, 1874, p. 90. 
3. One young, from Gaboon. Gurney, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880, p. 621. 


4. One adult female, from the Du Queah River, Liberia. Biittikofer, Notes Leyden 
Mus., VIII, 1886, p. 246. 


5. One adult male, from Schieffelinsville, Liberia. Biittikofer, Notes Leyden Mus., 
X, 1888, p. 65. 

6. One specimen, from Barombi, Cameroons. Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 1895, p. 102. 

7. One, from Sebbe, Togo, alive in the Berlin Zoological Garden. Ornith. Monats- 
berichte, II, 1894, p. 128; Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 1895, p. 102. 

8. One female, from Victoria, Cameroons. Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn., 1896, p. 7. 


‘The authority for this combination is usually quoted as Shelley, Ibis, 1874, p. 90, 
but Dr. Sharpe (Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, p. 279), seems to have been the first 
actually to write Dryotriorchis spectabilis. 


NO. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERIA—OBERHOLSER. Del 


Family MUSOPHAGID 4. 
TURACUS MACRORHYNCHUS (Fraser). 


Corythaix macrorhynchus FRASER, Proce. Zool. Soc., 1839, p. 34. 
Turacus macrorhynchus GRAY, Gen. Birds, II, 1845, p. 395. 

One adult male, taken April 22,1897. It is in fresh plumage with 
indications of a not quite completed molt. ‘Feet black;” length, 439 
mm.; expanse, 512mm. Called ‘‘Redwing” by English-speaking Li 
berians. 

Family CUCULID A. 


CENTROPUS SENEGALENSIS (Linnzus). 


Cuculus senegalensis LINNAEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 169. 
Centropus senegalensis KUHL and SWINDEREN, Buff. and D’Aub. Nom. Syst., 
1820, p. 6. 

A single specimen is in the collection, a young bird just acquiring its 
first plumage, killed April 16,1897. Although many of the feathers 
are still in their sheaths, and the wings and tail very imperfectly devel- 
oped, a brief description of the plumage may be of interest. Head, 
cervix, and tail dull black, the last with ill defined brown bars; back, 
scapulars, and upper surface of wings bright chestnut, heavily barred 
with black, these bars decreasing in width and regularity on the outer 
feathers of the wings; under surface vinaceous cinnamon, much paler 
on the middle of the posterior portion. This specimen is one of two 
which Mr. Currie kept for some time alive. (See Plate VII.) 


Family CORACIIDA. 
EURYSTOMUS GULARIS Vieillot. 


Eurystomus gularis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Dict. d’ Hist. Nat., X XIX, 1819, p. 426. 
One specimen, a male. Length, 263 mm.; alar expanse, 516 mm. 


EURYSTOMUS AFER (Latham). 


Coracias afra LATHAM, Ind. Orn., I, 1790, p. 172. 
Eurystomus afra STEPHENS, in Shaw’s Gen. Zool., XIII, 1826, p. 97. 
One male, taken in a clearing; the only one seen. Length, 260 mm.; 
expanse, 533 mm. Golah name, ‘ Bah-yiddie.” 


Family MEROPID i. 
MEROPS ALBICOLLIS Vieillot. 


Merops albicollis VIEILLOT, Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XIV, 1817, p. 15. 

Three specimens, sex uncertain. The species is reported by Mr. Cur- 
rietobecommon. “Bill black; feet olive-green; iris crimson.” Called 
““Dry-time bird” in English; the Golah name is “‘ Way-dwa.” There 
is very little individual difference observable in these specimens, even 
in size. Two of them—one taken February 13, the other March 13— 
are molting the tail feathers. 


28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


MELITTOPHAGUS GULARIS (Shaw and Nodder). 


Merops gularis SHaw and NoppER, Nat. Misc., IX, 1798, pl. 337. 
Melittophagus gularis GRAY, Gen. Birds, I, 1846, p. 86, pl. 30. 
Two specimens, male and female. “Bill and feet black; iris crim- 
son.” 
Male.—Length, 219.5 mm.; extent, 304 mm. 
Female.—Length, 205 mm.; extent, 297 mm. 
There seems to be no observable difference in color between the sexes. 


Family BUCEROTID &. 


ORTHOLOPHUS LEUCOLOPHUS (Sharpe). 


Berenicornis leucolophus SHARPE, Zool. Rec. for 1871, 1873, p. 54. 
Ortholophus leucolophus GRANT, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, p. 426. 

One female, taken April 30, 1897. Length, 684 mm.; extent, 650 
mm. This is an immature specimen, with black throat, and agrees 
with the description of the young of leucolophus given by Mr. Ogilvie- 
Grant,! except for the presence of a conspicuous buffy white spot on 


the outer webs of most of the primaries. 


LOPHOCEROS SEMIFASCIATUS (Hartlaub). 


Buceros semifasciatus HARTLAUB, Journ. fiir Orn., 1855, pp. 356, 361. 
Lophoceros semifasciatus SHELLEY, Ibis, 1888, p. 59. 

A pair of adult birds is in the collection. According to Mr. Currie’s 
notes, both were shot in the forest near the clearing at Mount Coffee. 
The English-speaking Liberians call this species ‘Palm bird,” while 
the Golah name is ‘‘ Pwehah-pwehah.” 

One of the specimens was taken February 23, the other March 19, 
1897; both show indications of a molt not quite completed. The naked 
skin on the sides of the throat is slate black, not blue, as given by Mr. 
Ogilvie-Grant.? The feet and the bare skin encircling the eyes are also 
black. 

Male.—Length, 600 mm.; expanse, 800 mm. 

Female.—Length, 570 mm.; expanse, 800 mm. 


HORIZOCERUS, new genus. 


Chars. gen.—Genus generi “Lophoceros” dicto affine, sed cauda 
valde cuneata, rostro prope recto, hujus cornu minimo, acute carinato, 
facile distinguendum. 

Type.— Toccus hartlaubi Gould. 

The strongly wedge-shaped tail, comparatively straight bill, with its 
very small, sharply keeled casque, to say nothing of conspicuous color 
differences, appear fully to justify the creation of a separate genus for 


'Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, p. 426. 3 opife, limito; xépas, cornu. 
?Idem., p. 401. 


no. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERIA—OBERHOLSER. 29 


bond 


the species commonly known as Lophoceros hartlaubi. In fact, it bears 
less apparent relationship to the species with which it has usually been 
associated than it does to Ortholophus leucolophus. From Ortholophus 
the present genus may be satisfactorily distinguished by the absence 
of a conspicuous crest, and particularly by the comparative length of 
the tail, which is barely longer than the wing, instead of about twice 
as long. 
HORIZOCERUS HARTLAUBI (Gould). 


Toccus hartlaubi GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 380. 

One adult male, just completing the molt, taken February 19, 1897. 
“Bill slate black, the tip dark red; feet slate color;” length, 406 mm.; 
expanse, 445 mm. The Liberian English name of this species is 
“‘Monkey-bird,” because of its alleged habit of following monkeys; in 
the Golah language it is called ‘‘ Hin-gongeh.” 


Family CAPITONID. 


BARBATULA DUCHAILLUI Cassin. 


Barbatula duchaillui Cassin, Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., 1855, p. 324. 
One adult male. Length, 177 mm.; extent, 266 mm. “ Bill black; 
feet nearly so.” 
Family PICID/. 


DENDROMUS CAROLI ARIZELUS, new subspecies. 
Campothera caroli BUTTIKOFER, Notes Leyden Mus., VII, 1885, p. 221 (nec Mal- 
herbe). 

Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dendromus caroli, but entire under surface, 
including lower tail-coverts, clear uniform olive green, the spots appar- 
ently smaller and less numerous; these, together with superciliary stripe, 
lining of wing, light markings on outer webs of primaries, and inner 
webs of secondaries, strongly tinged with greenish, not buffy; spots 
on exterior webs of primaries much smaller; rufous area on side of head 
lighter and more yellowish; crown distinctly more olive greenish. 

Length, 178 mm.; expanse, 340 mm.; wing, 101 mm.; tail, 60 mm.; 
exposed culmen, 24 mm.; tarsus, 19 mm.; middle toe, 17 mm. 

Description.—Type, adult male; No. 161763, U.S.N.M.; Mount Coffee, 
Liberia, February 19, 1897; R. P. Currie. Above golden olive green, 
the head much duller, and its feathers tipped with dark red; a few 
more or less concealed spots of pale greenish on the feathers of the 
hind neck. Wings fuscous, the exposed surface when closed, in color 
like the back; outer webs of primaries with small spots of greenish 
yellow; inner webs of all the quills, at least basally, with wide inden- 
tations of the same color. Tail brownish black, the outer feathers with 
small lateral spots of greenish yellow. Under surface greenish olive, 
heavily spotted with greenish yellow, these markings largest posteriorly ; 
superciliary stripe greenish yellow; postocular region, including auric- 


30 PROCKEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


ulars, reddish chestnut; under wing-coverts and axillars light greenish | 
yellow with a decided buffy tinge. Bull in life slate color; tarsi dull 
light green. 

The single specimen obtained by Mr. Currie differs so much from a 
Gaboon example, as above indicated, that it without doubt represents 
an undescribed race, if, indeed, not a distinct species. It is evidently 
the same as Dr. Biittikofer’s specimens from Liberia, exhibiting all the 
differences from true caroli mentioned by him,! as well as others which 
apparently escaped his notice. The specimen at hand from Gaboon, 
the original locality of caroli, corresponds closely with published 
deseriptions of this form, and is apparently a typical example. No 
specimens from the territory intervening between Liberia and Gaboon 
have been available in the present connection; but the differences 
between carolt and arizelus are such as seem to indicate subspecific 
relationship, and arizelus has, therefore, been given a trinomial desig- 
nation. 


Family MOTACILLID A. 
MOTACILLA VIDUA Sundevall. 


Motacilla vidua SUNDEVALL, Gifv. K. Vet. Akad. Forh. Stockh., 1850, p. 128. 
One specimen, an adult male in breeding plumage. 


Family PYCNONOTID 2. 


STELGIDILLAS,? new genus. 


Chars. gen.—Genus generi ‘“‘Chlorocichla” dicto simile, sed maxille 
tcmii parte subterminali distincte serrata; nec corpore subtus clare 
flavescente. 

Type.—Andropadus gracilirostris Strickland. The uncertainty which 
has attended the determination of the proper generic affinities of 
Andropadus gracilirostris has led to the placing of this species in three 
different genera, with the characters of none of which does it suffi- 
ciently agree. From Criniger it may be at once distinguished by the 
depressed and slender bill—the maxilla with serrations on the cutting 
edge just posterior to the subterminal notch. The narrow, depressed 
bill separates it easily from either Andropadus or Hurillas, while from 
Chlorocichla, to which it seems to be most closely allied, it differs in 
the presence of serrations on the distal portion of the maxillar tomium. 
All the known species of Chlorocichla, moreover, are yellow or yellow- 
ish olive below, and the genus, as restricted by Captain Shelley,’ is a 
well-defined group. i 

The species described by Cabanis as Andropadus gracilis + is not per- 
fectly typical, but should apparently be associated generically with 
gracilirostris. The genus will then include Stelgidillas gractlirostris 


1 Notes Leyden Museum, VII, 1885, p. 221. 3 Birds of Africa, I, 1896, p. 63. 
26redyis, strigilis; ZAAds, turdus. 4Orn. Centralbl., 1880, p. 174. 


NO. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERITA—OBERHOLSER. 31 


(Strickland), Stelgidillas gracilirostris liberiensis (Reichenow), Stelgi- 
dillas gracilis (Cabanis). 


STELGIDILLAS GRACILIROSTRIS LIBERIENSIS (Reichenow). 


Andropadus gracilirostris liberiensis REICHENOW, Novit. Zool., II, 1895, p. 160. 

One specimen, April 1, with molt not yet entirely completed. It 
agrees perfectly with Dr. Reichenow’s description of liberiensis which 
seems to be a sufficiently well characterized subspecies of Stelgidillas 
gractlirostris. 

The measurements of this example are: Length, 199 mm.; extent, 
262 mm. “Bill black, lower mandible slightly paler beneath; feet 
black; iris crimson.” 


BLEDA SYNDACTYLA (Swainson). 


Dasycephala syndactyla SwAInson, Birds W. Af., I, 1837, p. 261. 
Bleda syndactyla RICHMOND, Auk, XVI, April, 1899, p. 183. 


One adult male, apparently typical. Length, 251 mm.; extent, 
330.5 mm.; ‘iris deep red.” 


EURILLAS VIRENS (Cassin). 


Andropadus virens CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p. 34. 
Eurillas virens OBERHOLSER, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXII, 1899, p. 15. 
One specimen, taken April 1, an immature male, in the plumage 
described by Dr. Hartlaub as Andropadus erythropterus. ‘‘ Bill black, 
lighter apically; feet light horn brown.” 


PYCNONOTUS BARBATUS (Desfontaine). 


Turdus barbatus DESFONTAINE, Mém. Acad. Roy. de Sciences, p. 500, pl. X11. 
Pycnonotus barbatus GRayY, Hand-list Birds, I, 1869, p. 268. 

Two specimens, taken February 12 and April 28, respectively. Both 
are in worn breeding plumage; and the latter has apparently just 
begun to molt. One of them hasan appreciable wash of yellow on the 
lower tail-coverts. ‘Bill and feet black; iris reddish brown. The 
English-speaking Liberians know this species as the “Pepper bird;” 
in the Golah dialect it is called ‘“‘ Bweh-lay.” 


Family MUSCICAPIDZ. 
TCHITREA NIGRICEPS Hartlaub. 


Tchitrea nigriceps HARTLAUB, Journ. f. Orn., 1855, pp. 355, 361 (ex Temminck 
manuscript). 
Terpsiphone nigriceps SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1874, p. 306. 

Two adult specimens, male and female. The former is a very hand- 
some bird in perfect plumage; the latter agrees with Dr. Sharpe’s 
description of the supposed female,'! being very much duller colored. 
The upper parts, excepting, of course, the head, are considerably darker 


1 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., IV, 1879, p. 360. 


ae PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


than in the male, while the under surface, particularly the posterior 
portion, is lighter. 

Male.—Length, 190 mm.; extent, 203 mm.; “bill and feet bright blue 
black.” 

Female.—Length, 153 mm.; extent, 215 mm.; ‘bill dark horn, paler 
at base; feet blue black.” 

The Golah name of this bird is “‘ Wee-su-waw.” 


ARTOMYIAS USSHERI Sharpe. 
Artomyias ussh2ri SHARPE, Ibis, 1871, p. 416. 


Two specimens, adult male and female. The male is slightly paler 
and more grayish than the female, but otherwise identical. They agree 
with Dr. Sharpe’s description! except for the lack of whitish tips to the 
wing quills and greater coverts. These whitish tips are probably, as 
suggested by Dr. Sharpe,’ evidences of immaturity. 

These two individuals measure as follows: Male, length, 140 mm.; 
extent, 254 mm.; female, length, 142 mm.; extent, 264mm. It is inter- 
esting to notice the larger size of the female. The Golah name for the | 
species is ‘“‘ Bweh-bweh-dee.” 


Family NECTARINIID 4s. 


ANTHREPTES RECTIROSTRIS (Shaw). 


Certhia rectirostris SHaw, Gen. Zool., VIII, 1811, p. 246. 
Anthothreptes rectirostris GADOW, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., 1X, 1884, p. 119. 


Four specimens. The two adult males appear not to differ from typ- 
ical examples, though one is rather lighter below than the other, besides 
being considerably smaller. Length, 99 mm.;? extent, 182 mm.; 
length, 112.6 mm.; extent, 173 mm. “Bill and feet black; iris choco- 
late brown.” 

Another specimen is sexed female with a query, and may possibly be 
an immature male. Length, 108 mm.; expanse, 167 mm. The upper 
surface is dull greenish olive with a conspicuous mixture of bronzy 
tipped feathers; the lesser wing-coverts are bronze green; the under 
parts are yellow, clearest on the median portion of the abdomen, shaded 
with olive green on the sides, paler on the throat and duller on the 
breast, both of which are slightly tinged with ashy. 

The fourth specimen is a young bird in first plumage, and is appar- 
ently rectirostris, although so young that without more specimens for 
examination it cannot be determined with absolute certainty. The 
upper surface is dull olive washed with greenish; wings dark brown 
with exterior edgings of golden olive; under parts pale dull yellow, 
the throat only washed with this color, as it is so imperfectly feathered 
that the slate gray bases of the feathers give their tint to the whole 
area. 


1Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., IV, 1879, p. 145. 2 Tail imperfect. 


No. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERIA—OBERHOLSER. 33 


ANTHREPTES COLLARIS HYPODILUS (Jardine) 


Nectarinia hypodilus JARDINE, Contr. Orn., 1851, p. 153. 

Two specimens, male and female. ‘Bill and feet black, iris brown.” 

Male.—Length, 109.2 mm.; extent, 148.5 mm. 

Female.—Length, 102 mm.; extent, 144 mm. The latter shows indi- 
cations of a molt not quite completed. 

This species is apparently divisible into three well defined geograph- 
_ical races. In southern Africa occurs Anthreptes collaris collaris; in 
southeastern Africa Anthreptes collaris zambesianus, and in the western 
part of the continent Anthreptes collaris hypodilus. True collaris dif- 
fers from both of the other forms in having the secondaries, greater 
and primary coverts edged externally with golden olive instead of 
metallic green; the posterior lower parts are much darker and duller 
yellow than in zambesiana; less orange yellow and more shaded with 
olivaceous laterally than in hypodilus. From hypodilus, with which it 
has usually been considered identical, zambesianus may be readily dis- 
tinguished by the much paler, less orange tinted posterior under sur- 
face, as well as by the paler shade of the exterior margins to second- 
aries, primary and greater wing-coverts. 


ANTHREPTES IDIUS, new species. 


Chars. sp.—Similar to Anthreptes fraseri, but decidedly smaller; the 
outermost primary scarcely more than half as long; rather darker, and 
much less yellowish olive green throughout. This most noticeable on 
wings and tail. 

Description.—Type, male (immature?), No. 161807, U.S.N.M.; Mount 
Coffee, Liberia, March 16, 1897; R. P. Currie. Upper parts dark olive 
green, rather duller on the head; wings fuscous, the lesser coverts, 
edgings of the others and of the quills, like the back; tail-feathers 
greenish olive, with broad olive green exterior margins. Sides of head 
and neck olive green; eye ring olive yellow; entire under surface deep 
olive yeliow, almost uniform, but rather paler on chin, and shaded 
with olive green on sides and flanks; lining of wing olive yellow. 
‘Bill dark horn, paler beneath; feet olive green.” Length, 122 mm.; 
extent, 178 mm. 

In details of structure and in pattern of coloration this new species 
is identical with Anthreptes fraseri, and does not need comparison with 
any of the other species of the genus. There is a possibility that dius 
may eventually turn out to be merely a geographical race of fraseri, 
but until such shall be proved to be the case it may stand as a species. 
The single specimen procured by Mr. Currie is sexed male, and if this 
be correct the absence of pectoral tufts, notwithstanding the lack of 
any other evidence, would seem to indicate immaturity; for it is quite 
probable, though of course not certain, that the aduit male would, like 
that of fraseri, possess these ornaments. 

Proc. N, M. vol. xxii 


9 
oO 


34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII, 


The following table shows the comparative size of the two species: 


Measurements. 


| Name. Wing.| Tail. |Tarsus. aod 
mm. mm. mm. mm. } 
Anthreptes frasert, adult female ......---. 64 42 16 9.5 | 
| Anthreptes idius, male [immature?]--.-.-.-- 54 38 14 9 | 
} 
t 


Mr. Currie states that this species was not uncommon in the “bush” 
about Mount Coffee, and that its Golah name is ‘‘ Zemeh.” 


: CINNYRIS CYANOLAIMA (Jardine). 
Nectarinia cyanolema JARDINE, Contr. Orn., 1851, p. 154. 
Cinnyris cyanolemus SHARPE and BOUVIER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, I, 1876, p. 41. 

Three specimens—male, female, and young male. The two first are 
apparently typical birds in, breeding plumage; ‘bill and feet black;” 
length of female, 139 mm.; extent, 200mm. The immature male differs 
from the adult female in being darker, more sooty above, including 
wings and tail; the top of the head is sooty blackish instead of olive 
brownish; the sides of head and neck blackish slate instead of light 
brownish; the throat dull white, washed with olive yellow instead of 
light brownish, and sharply defined from the surrounding darker areas; 
breast and abdomen light olive green instead of brownish white; lining 
of wing sooty grayish instead of whitish. 

The Golah name of the adult male of this species is ‘‘ Zemeh-dee;” 
the young male is called ‘“‘Zemeh,” thus not distinguished from 
Anthreptes idius. 

CINNYRIS JOHANNZ: Verreaux. 
Cinnyris johanna J. and E, VERREAUX, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1851, p. 314. 


One adult male of this brilliantly plumaged sunbird is in the collec- 
tion. ‘Bill and feet jet black;” length, 145.6 mm.; extent, 209 mm. 


CINNYRIS CHLOROPYGIA (Jardine). 
Nectarinia chloropygia JARDINE, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., X, 1842, p. 188. 
Cinnyris chloropygius BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 407. 

One adult male. “Bill and teet black;” length, 103 mm.; extent, 
133 mm. Mr. Currie reports the species common in the vicinity of 
Mount Coffee. In the Golah dialect it is called ‘‘Zemeh,” a name 
apparently applied indiscriminately to a number of small birds. 


Family PLOCEID A. 
MALIMBUS SCUTATUS (Cassin). 


Scobius! scutatus CASSIN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1849, p. 157. 
Malimbus scutatus Gray, Hand-List Birds, II, 1870, p. 43. 
Two adult specimens, male and female. ‘Bill and feet black; iris 
crimson.” Length, male, 175 mm.; expanse, 282 mm. Length, female, 
172 mm.; expanse, 266 mm. 


1 Typographical error for Sycobius. 


No. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERIA—OBERHOLSER. 35 


MALIMBUS RUBRICOLLIS BARTLETTI (Sharpe). 
Malimbus bartletti SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XIII, 1890, p. 479. 


One adult male. ‘Bill black; feet purplish-black; iris chocolate 
brown.” Length, 214 mm.; expanse, 337 mm. Golah name, “ Way- 
see-eh.” This form undoubtedly intergrades with the more southern 
Malimbus rubricollis, to which it is closely related; and its name should 
thus be, as above given, a trinomial. 


NIGRITA BICOLOR (Hartlaub). 


Pytelia bicolor HARTLAUB, Syst. Verz. Bremen, 1844, p. 76. 
Nigrita bicolor SCLATER, Contr. Orn., 1852, p. 83. 
One specimen, apparently not different from a Fantee example. 
‘Bill black; feet dark brown; iris crimson.” Length, 114 mm.; extent, 
163.5 mm, 


AMAURESTHES FRINGILLOIDES (Lafresnaye). 


Ploceus fringilloides LAFRESNAYE, Mag. de Zool., 1835, pl. 48. 
Amauresthes fringilloides REICHENBACH, Singv., 1861, p. 86, pl. 44, fig. 322. 
One specimen, April 22, 1897, in fresh plumage, with molt not quite 
completed. Length, 135 mm.; expanse, 195 mm. 


Family HIRUNDINID&. 


HIRUNDO NIGRITA Gray. 


Hirundo nigrita GRAY, Gen. Birds, I, 1845, pl. 40. 

Three specimens, two males and one female, April 13 and 28, 1897, 
all showing some indication of incomplete molt. The latter seems to be 
somewhat less purplish than the males, but there is no other apparent 
difference. One of the males measures, length, 142 mm.; extent, 303 
mm. ‘Bill and feet black.” 


Family DICRURID %. 
DICRURUS MODESTUS ATACTUS, new subspecies. 


Chars. subsp.—Similar to Dicrurus modestus modestus, but plumage of 
body, particularly above, much more glossy, the velvety appearance 
almost entirely absent; no conspicuous contrast between the feathers 
of head and back. 

Wing, 118 mm.; tail, 104 mm.; exposed culmen, 22 mm.; tarsus, 20 
mm.; middle toe, 15 mm. 

Description.—Type, sex unknown, No. 147202, U.S.N.M.; Fantee, 
West Africa. General color glossy black, with bluish metallic reflec- 
tions, these most evident on the upper parts, nearly absent on the 
throat; top of head almost uniform with the back, though slightly 
greenish, as are the upper tail-coverts; wings brownish black, the lesser 
coverts like the back, the remaining coverts and the quills glossed 


eS 


36 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


externally with greenish blue; tail brownish black, glossed exteriorly 
with greenish. 

Comparison of specimens from Fantee and Liberia with an adult from 
Gaboon seems to indicate the existence of two races of Dicrurus modes- 
tus. True modestus comes from Prince’s Island, and according to Dr. 


Sharpe! D. coracinus from Gaboon is identical with modestus, as it — 


should be from a geographical standpoint, thus leaving the northern 
form without a name. Dr. Sharpe also mentions! the more glossy 
appearance of specimens from the Gold Coast, but without separating 
them from modestus. 

Mr. Currie obtained one specimen, an immature male, apparently 
identical with examples from Fantee. Length, 225 mm.; expanse, 251 
mm. It was shot in the forest, where the species is stated by Mr. 
Currie to be not uncommon. Golah name, ‘ Zila-we.” 


DICRURUS ATRIPENNIS Swainson. 
Dicrurus atripennis SWAINSON, Birds W. Africa, I, 1837, p. 256. 


One adult male, March 16, 1897. It is in process of molt, wings and 
tail being imperfect. Taken in the forest; ‘not uncommon.” Length, 
235 imm.; expanse, 321 mm.; ‘bill and feet black; iris crimson.” Golah 
name, ‘ Zala-we.” 


Family LANIID A. 
LANIARIUS MULTICOLOR Gray. 


Laniarius multicolor GRAY, Gen. Birds, I, 1845, p. 299, pl. 72. 

The collection contains -one adult male of this brilliantly colored 
shrike. Length, 230 mm.; expanse, 317 mm. Mr. Currie states that 
no others were seen. Golah name, ‘Dah-zo.” Bill in life black; feet 
drab; eyelid purplish. 


Family STURNIDS. 


PHOLIDAUGES LEUCOGASTER (Gmelin). 


Turdus leucogaster GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 819. 
Pholidauges leucogaster CABANIS, Mus. Hein., I, 1850, p. 198. 


One specimen, an immature male in the plumage of the female. 
‘‘Bill black, paler at base below; feet black; iris lemon.” Length, 


184 mm.; extent, 306 mm. 
Family PRIONOPID AQ. 


SIGMODUS CANICEPS Bonaparte. 


Sigmodus caniceps BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p. 365. 
One adult male, apparently a typical specimen. Length, 225 mm.; 
extent 348 mm. ‘Tris bright yellow; bill deep crimson, lighter 


‘ Cat, Birds Brit. Mus., III, 1877, p. 233, 


No. 1182. BIRDS COLLECTED IN LIBERIA—OBERHOLSER. 37 


toward the tip; feet vermilion; naked ring around eye orange red.” 
Known to English-speaking Liberians as “‘ Baboon bird ;” Golah name, 
“Way-ye.” 

FRASERIA PROSPHORA, new species. 


Chars. sp.—Similar to Fraseria ochreata; the crown, sides of head, 
and neck not blackish, but uniform in color with the back; lower sur- 
face not pure white, the markings not sharply defined. 

Description.—Adult, sex undetermined, No. 161784, U.S.N.M.; Mount 
Coffee, Liberia, February 19, 1897; R. P. Currie. Upper surface uni- 
form slate color, slightly more bluish on lower back and rump; wing- 
quills and tail-feathers dull brownish black, edged externally with 
slate color; sides of head and neck like the crown. Lower parts 
grayish white; the sides and flanks slate gray; the jugulum a lighter 
Shade of same, spotted with darker; the feathers of breast and abdo- 
men with narrow slate-gray tips, producing a slightly squamated 
effect; lower tail-coverts each with a subbasal, V-shaped marking, 
and a narrow terminal bar of slate color; inferior wing-coverts brown- 
ish slate, the feathers broadly tipped with white; axillars white ter- 
minally, slate gray basally; thighs slate gray, edged with white. 
“Bill slate black; feet plumbeous.” Wing, 87.5 mm.; tail, 73 mm.; 
exposed culmen, 14 mm.; tarsus, 21.5 mm.; middle toe, 14 mm. 

This new form is distinguishable at sight from Fraseria ochreata by 
the lighter and uniform shade ef the upper surface, including the sides 
of head and neck; by the grayish instead of pure white under parts, 
the markings of which are much paler and much less sharply defined, 
giving a clouded and mottled appearance in place of a clear-cut 
squamate effect, particularly on breast and jugulum. The crissum is 
irregularly barred with slate color instead of being pure white. While 
it is barely possible that prosphora is a race of ochreata, and thus its 
representative in Liberia, yet the two birds are so different that until - 
the connection be established it seems better to accord them both 
specific rank. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM : PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. VII 


YOUNG ‘‘T00-TOO” BIRDS (Centropus senegalensis) 


Mount Coffee, Liberia. 


From a photograph by Mr. G. N. Collins. 


A LIST OF THE BITING LICE (MALLOPHAGA) TAKEN FROM 
| BIRDS AND MAMMALS OF NORTH AMERICA. 


By VERNON L. KELLOGG, M. S., 
Professor of Entomology, Leland Stanford Junior University. 


Within the last few years a beginning in the systematic study of the 
North American Mallophaga has been made. This study has pro- 
gressed sufficiently to make it worth while to prepare a list of the Mal- 
lophaga so far recorded as having been collected from birds and 
mammals found in North America.’ By this is meant the record of col-. 
lection actually made from American host specimens, and not from host 
species common to both Europe and America, from which parasites are 
as yet recorded only from European host specimens. Where Mal- 
lophaga have been found common to American and European hosts, the 
foreign as well as the native hosts are given. As the synonymy for 
the species of Mallophaga found on American hosts has been given in 
both Professor Osborn’s and my own papers (these papers including 
practically all the American records), I have not repeated the synonymy 
in the list. All the American records as originally published are 
included in the list, no attempt having been made to correct the 
synonymy. Probably not more than half « dozen species in the list are 
liable to such correction. The American specimens referred to species 
originally found on European hosts have been so referred on the 
authority of the original descriptions and illustrations of European 
authors. The great importance of the correctness of these determina- 
tions, because of the interesting problems in distribution presented by 
this specific identity of European and American specimens, led me to 
take to Europe a large number of American specimens for the sake of 
comparison with the Huropean types. This comparison revealed the 
fact that these determinations of the identity of the American speci- 
mens with European species can be relied on. 

In addition to the list of parasites with hosts there is given also a 
list of hosts with parasites, so that reference to the American records 
can be readily made from either parasite or host. Students beginning 


1Some birds from Panama are included in this list. ‘‘ North America,” according 
to the American Ornithologists’ Union check list, ‘‘includes the continent of North 
America north of the present United States and Mexican boundary, and Greenland 
and the peninsula of Lower California, with the islands naturally belonging 
thereto.” 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1183. 3g 


40 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


the study of the Mallophaga will soon discover the advantage of work- 
ing from the basis of known host. 

It is hoped that the list may serve as a convenient basis for the study 
of the phenomena of the distribution of the Mallophaga, one of the 
most interesting phases of the study of this group of insects. 

Types and cotypes of my own and of Osborn’s are now deposited in 
the U.S. National Museum. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


There are very few records in the European literature of the Mallo- 
phaga of specimens taken from North American hosts. In very rare 
instances specimens have been taken from the skin of some North 
American bird in the collection of some European museum, or parasites 
have been collected in zoological gardens from representatives of some 
bird species peculiar to North America. For example, Piaget col- 
lected two species of Mallophaga from specimens of the Bob White 
(Colinus virginianus) and California Partridge (Callipepla californica) 
in the zoological garden at Rotterdam. I have since found. both of 
these species of Mallophaga on the same hosts in their native habitat. 
All of these records are referred to in the list. The following are the 
American papers containing the records upon which the list is based. 
For an extended bibliography of the foreign and American literature 
of the Mallophaga see Osborn' and Kellogg.’ 


Packard A.S. Certain Parasitic Insects, American Naturalist, 1870, IV, p. 83, ill. 
Leidy, J. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1878, p. 100. 
Osborn, Herbert. Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculidze, Canadian Entomologist, 
1884, XII, p. 197. 
The Pediculi and Mallophaga Infesting Man and the Lower Animals, Bull. No. 
7, Div. of Ent., U.S. Dept. of Agric., 1891. 
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, Bull. No. 5 new ser., Div. of Ent., U.S. 
Dept. of Agric., 1896. 
Kellogg, V.L. New Mallophaca: I(Contributions to Biology from the Hopkins Sea- 
side Laboratory, IV, 1896). 
New Mallophaga, II (Contributions to Biology from the Hopkins Seaside Labo- 
ratory, VII, 1896). 
Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallo- 
phaga, II (Contributions to Biology from the Hopkins Seaside Laboratory, 
XIX, 1899). 
Kellogg, V. L., and Chapman, B. L. Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New 
Mallophaga, III (Contributions to Biology from the Hopkins Seaside Labora- 
tory, XIX, 1899). 
Chapman, Bertha L. Two New Species of Trichodectes (Mallophaga). Entomologi- 
cal News, 1897, VIII, p. 185, pl. rx. 


CLASSIFICATION AND KEYS. 


The position of the Mallophaga among insects is discussed briefly in 
my New Mallophaga.* The latest classification of insects assigns to the 
Mallophaga the position of an independent order. ‘The affinities of the 


1Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, Bull. No. 5, new ser., 1896, Div. of Ent., U.S. 
Dept. of Agric., p. 292. 
2New Mallophaga, I, 1896, pp. 35, 40. * Volume I, 1896, pp. 57-59. 


NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. Algh 


order are in general with the platypterous pseudo-neuropteroid group 
comprising the Termites, Psocids, and Perlids, and are in particular 
with the Psocide. In the New Mallophaga! I refer to the correspond- 
ence between the peculiarly specialized mouth structure of the Mallo- 
phaga and the Psocid, and the recent careful study by Mr. R. E. Snod- 
grass” on the anatomy of the Mallophaga reveal other particulars of 
essential structural agreement between the two groups. 

As to the arrangement of the members of the order, I have proposed ° 
the adoption of a primary grouping into two suborders, corresponding 
with Nitzsch’s original division of the group into two families. In each 
of these suborders there are two families, one family of each suborder 
infesting mammals exclusively and comprising but a single genus, the 
other family of each suborder, comprising several genera, infesting 
birds exclusively. Mr. Snodgrass’s anatomical studies present new and 
‘important characters for the subdivision of the order which do not 
modify the original classification, but strengthen it and put it on a 
more thoroughly scientific basis. These new characters have been 
introduced into the following keys. I have made some other changes 
in the statement of the characters of the subordinate groups, based on 
my general study ot the order and use of the keys as heretofore pub- 
lished. 

ANALYTICAL KEY TO SUBORDERS OF MALLOPHAGA. 

With filiform, 3- or5-segmented, exposed antenne; no labial palpi; mandibles verti- 
cal; cesophageal sclerite and accompanying glands usually present and normal; 
meso- and metathoracic segments fused; crop a saclike diverticulum; ingluvial 
glands present; testes, four; egg tubes, five........-.-..-2------- ISCHNOCERA. 

With clavate or capitate, 4-segmented, concealed antenne; with 4 segmented labial 
palpi; mandibles horizontal; cesophageal sclerite and accompanying glands 
absent or modified; meso- and metathoracic segments with sutural line usually | 
visible; crop, simple; ingluvial glands, absent; testes, six; egg tubes, three to 
TINE) SESS SRSA ES StS OSS ae are aise Care e Une eteg ees arama yee ears a mn AMBLYCERA. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF THE SUBORDER ISCHNOCERA. 


A, With 3-segmented antenne; tarsi with one claw; infesting mammals (family 


MPriChoOdectides) wate ee ss eee eee eae Trichodectes Nitzsch. 
AA. With 5-segmented antenne; tarsi with two claws; infesting birds (family 
Philopteride). 
B. Antenne similar in both sexes. 
C. Front deeply angularly notched ..-----...-....----. Akidoproctus Piaget. 


CC. Front convex, truncate, or rarely with a curving emargination, but 
never angularly notched. 
D. Species broad and short, with large, movable trabecule (at the ante- 
rior angle of antennal fossa). 

E. Forehead with a broad transverse membranous flap projecting 
beyond lateral margins of the head in the male, barely pro- 
jecting: in thefemale---..-..252--22.. 222. Giebelia Kellogg. 

EE. Without such membranous flap- -.........-Docophorus Nitzsch. 

DD. Species elongate, narrow, with very small or no trabecule. 
Nirmus Nitzsch. 


! Volume II, 1896, p. 468. 2 New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899. 
° New Mallophaga, I, pp. 59-63. 


42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


BB. Antenne differing in the two sexes. 
C. Species wide, with body elongate-oval to suborbicular. 
D. Temporal margins rounded; last segment of abdomen roundly emar- 
ginated; antennz of male without appendage, third segment 
VELYAlOM Oe ie Soe ee eae Hurymetopus Taschenberg. 
DD. Temporal margins usually angulated ; last segment of abdomen 
convex, rarely angularly emarginated, with two points. 
K. First segment of antenna of male large, sometimes with an 
appendage; third segment always with an appendage. 
Goniodes Nitzsch. 
EE. First segment of antenna of male enlarged, but always with- 
out appendage; third segment without appendage; last 
segment of abdomen always rounded behind. 


Goniocotes Nitzsch. 
CC. Species elongate, narrow, sides subparallel. 


D. Third segment of antenna of male without an appendage. 
Ornithobius Denny. 
DD. Third segment of antenna of male with an appendage. 
E. Front deeply angularly notched.... - Bothriometopus Taschenberg. 
EE. Front not angularly notched. 
F. Antenne and legs long; a semicircular oral fossa. 
Lipeurus Nitzsch. 
FF. Antenne and legs short; oral fossa narrow, elongate, extend- 
ing as a furrow to the anterior margin of the head. 
Oncophorus Rudow. 


ANALYTICAL KEY TO GENERA OF THE SUBORDER AMBLYCERA. 


A. Tarsi with one claw; infesting mammals (family Gyropidie) -..Gyropus Nitzsch. 
AA. Tarsi with two claws; infesting birds (excepting Boopia?); (family Liotheidz). 
B. Ocular emargination distinct, more or less deep. 
C. Forehead rounded, without lateral swelling; antenne projecting beyond 
border of the head._...-....-....--.---- Colpocephalum Nitzsch. 
CC. Forehead without strong lateral swellings. 
D. Antenne projecting beyond border of the head; temporal angles 
projecting rectangularly; eye large and simple--. Boopia Piaget. 
DD. Antennz concealed in groove on under side of the head; temporal 
angles rounded or slightly angular; eye divided by an emargi- 
nation and fleck. 
E. Mesothorax separated from metathorax by a suture. 


Trinoton Nitzsch. 
EE. Meso- and metathorax fused; no suture. 


Lemobothrium Nitzsch. 
BB. Ocular emargination absent or very slight. 


C. Sides of the head straight or slightly concave, with two small, laterally 
projecting labral lobes.....-.-..-.....--. Physostomum Nitzsch. 
CC. Sides of the head sinuous; forehead without labral lobes. 
D. Ocular emargination filled by a strong swelling; sternal markings 
forming a quadrilateral without median blotches. 
Nitzschia Denny. 
DD. Ocular emargination without swelling, hardly apparent or entirely 
lacking; median blotches on sternum. 
EK. Very large; with two 2-pointed appendages on ventral aspect of 
hind head; anterior coxze with very long lobelike appendages. 
Ancistrona Westwood. 
EER. Small or medium; without bipartite appendages of hind head. 
Menopon Nitzsch. 


NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 43 


Sale ORE MeATIE EO ee AGeAG 
Order MALLOPHAGA Nitzseh. 
Suborder ISCHNOCERA Kellogg. 


Family PHILOPTERID Al Burmeister. 


Genus DOCOPHORUS Nitzsch. 
Docophorus NiTzscH, Germar’s Mag. f. Ent., 1818, III, p. 289. 


Docophorus kansensis KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 91, pl. 111, 
fig. 8. 
From Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Lawrence, Kansas). 
Docophorus graviceps KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 82, pl. 111, 
fig. 3. 

From Urinator pacificus (Bay of Monterey, California) and Fulica 
americana (Pacific Grove, California). — 

Docophorus colymbinus DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 80, 
pl. vi11, fig. 8 —OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 217. 

Recorded by Osborn from Urinator lumme (Burnett collection) ; 
taken by Kellogg from Urinator pacificus (Bay of Monterey, Cali- 
fornia); this record not before published. 

Recorded by European authors from Colymbus septentrionalis, C. 
arcticus, CO. glacialis, and Tadorna cornuta. 

Docophorus acutipectus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 84, pl. 111, 
fig. 4, 
From Cerorhinca monocerata (Bay of Monterey, California). 
Docophorus insolitus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, 1, 1896, p. 94, pl. Iv, 
fig. 5. 
From Ptychoramphus aleuticus (Bay of Monterey, California). 
Docophorus montereyi KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 87, pl. 111, 
fig. 6. 

From Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Synthliboramphus antiquus, and 
Brachyramphus marmoratus (all from the Bay of Monterey, Cali- 
fornia). 

Docophorus atricolor KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 93, pl. II, 
ile, Bh 

From Synthliboramphus antiquus and Brachyramphus marmoratus 
(Bay of Monterey, California). 

Docophorus procax KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 54, pl. v, fig. 1. 
From Cepphus columba (Bay of Monterey, California). 
Docophorus calvus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 79, pl. 111, fig. 1. 
From Uria troile californica (Bay of Monterey, California). 


44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Docophorus lari DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 89, pl. v, — 
fig. 9. —KELLOGG, en Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. "98, pl. Iv, fig. 4,— 
OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic iris 1896, p. 217.— 
KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, 
and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 4. KELLOGG and 
CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Malloph- 
aga, III, 1899, p. 56. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Larus argentatus smithsonianus, L. 
canus, L. occidentalis, L. brachyrhynchus, L. glaucescens, L. heer- 
manni, L. vege, L. delawarensis, L. glaucus, and Rissa tridactyla 
pollicaris (all from Bay of Monterey, California); also from L. 
delewarensis (Lawrence, Kansas); Larus sp. (Baja California), and 
LT. glaucescens (North Pacific Ocean, off Alaska); also males, 
females, and young, hence probably not stragglers, from Colymbus 
nigricollis californicus and Urinator lumme (Bay of Monterey, Cali- 
fornia). Recorded by Osborn from Larus philadelphia (Burnett 
collection) and from “herring gull” (Cassino collection). 

Recorded by European authors from a dozen or more species of 
Larus (including some of the species listed above), and from Lest- 
ris pomarinus and crespictatus, Sula alba, Tringa islandica (proba- 
bly mistaken determination), and Brachyotus otus. 


Docophorus melanocephalus BURMEISTER, Handb. d. Ent., II, 1839, p. 
426.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 99, Bk IV, fig. Gas 
OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 218.— 
Kuroce and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in 
New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 56. 


Recorded by Kellogg from Sterna maxima (Bay of Monterey, 
California); by Osborn from ‘great Cayenne tern” (Burnett col- 
lection); by Kellogg and Chapman from Stercorarius pomarinus 
(Bay of Monterey, California). 

Recorded by European authors from Sterna caspia, S. cantiaca, 
S. bergi, and Larus ridibundus and L. cirrocephalus (Paraguay). 

Docophorus occidentalis KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 89, pl. 
Ill, fig. 7. 

From Fulmarus glacialis glupischa and F. g. rodgersii, and prob- 
ably as a straggler, from Oidemia perspicillata (all hosts from Bay 
of Monterey, California). 

Docophorus validus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 56, pl. v, fig. 2. 
From Puffinus gavia (Bay of Monterey, California). 
Docophorus phaetonus OSBORN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Museum, 1889, XII, p. 
189. 
From Phaeton aethereus (Lower California or Panama). 
Docophorus bassanae DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 110, 
pl. v1, fig. 3; pl. vir, fig. 3.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic 
Animals, 1896, p. 217. 


No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 45 


Recorded by Osborn; “host unknown, probably the gannett 
(Burnett collection).” 

Recorded by European authors from Sula bassana, Phalacrocoraz . 
carbo, and Sterna hirundo. 


Docophorus icterodes Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 
290.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga I, 1896, p. 96, pl. Iv, fig. 1.— 
OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 217.— 
KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and 
Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 4. KELLOGG and CHAP- 
MAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, 
III, 1899, p. 58. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Oidemia perspicillata, Hrismatura 
rubida, and Merganser serrator (Bay of Monterey, California), and 
from Anas boscas, Anas carolinensis, Aythya americana, Aythya 
affinis, and Dafila acuta (Lawrence, Kansas), and from Merganser 
serrator (Kadiak Island, Alaska). Recorded by Osborn as “a 
very common species on many kinds of ducks. Specimens have 
been noted in the Cassino, Burnett, and Stejneger collections, 
and also taken at Ames, lowa.” Recorded by Kellogg and Chap- 
man from Aythya marila nearctica and Aythya affinis (Palo Alto, 
California). 

Recorded by European writers from Mergus albellus, M. merganser, 
Anas rufina, A. boscas, A. fuligula, A. glacialis, A. albifrons, A. 
clypeata, A. crecca, A. stelleri, Fuliguia marila, F. ferina, and 
Mareca penelope. Recorded by Piaget as “sur toute espece de 
canards.” Piaget believes Docophorus natatorum Rudow,! from 
Platypus glacialis, Bernicla torquata, Chenalopex aegypticus, and 
Anas fusca, to be D.icterodes. He considers D. adustus Giebel,’ 
from a domestic duck, D. brevimaculatus Giebel,? from Anser albi- 
frons, and D. brunneiceps Giebel,’ from Anser cygnoides as varieties 
merely of D. icterodes. Piaget also refers to a Docophorus, from 
Podiceps cristatus, as a variety of icterodes. 


Docophorus cygni DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 95, pl. 1, 
fig. 1—OsBoRN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculidze, Canad. 
Ent., 1884, X VI, p. 197; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 217. S 

Recorded by Osborn from Olor buccinator (?) (Ames, Iowa). 

Recorded by European authors from Cygnus bewickii, CO. musi- 
cus, Dendrocygna arborea, and the “bean goose” (Denny, Great 
Britain). 

Docophorus sphenophorus NiTzscu (ed. Giebel); Zeitschr. f. ges. Natur- 
wiss., XX VIII, 1866, p. 310.—OsBoRrn, Insects Affecting Domestic 
Animals, 1896, p. 217. 


! Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., XX XV, 1870, p. 453. 
*Insecta Epizoa, p. 113, 


46 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Recorded by Osborn from Cassino collection, “‘ without indication 
of host or locality, but it is doubtless American, probably from 
spoonbill” (Ajaja ajaja). 

Recorded by European authors from Platalea leucorordia and 
Ibis religiosa. 


Docophorus bisignatus NiTzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 
XXVIII, 1866, p. 362.—OsBOoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic 
Animals, 1896, p. 217. 

Recorded by Osborn from Ibis (Guara) alba (collection of C. B. 
Cook). : 
Recorded by Nitzsch-Giebel from Ibis faleinellus. 

Docophorus quadraticeps KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 85, pl. 
Int, fig. 5. 

From Fulica americana (Bay of Monterey, California). 

Docophorus minuto-trabeculatus OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic 
Animals, 1896, p. 221. 

From Fulica americana (‘collected from a stuffed bird in the 
museum of the Iowa Agricultural College”). 


Docophorus pertusus NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 
290.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 97, pl. Iv, figs. 2, 3. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Fulica americana (Lawrence, Kansas, 

and Bay of Monterey, California); also from Hrismatura rubida 

and Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Bay of Monterey, California). 

Recorded by Nitzsch-Giebel from Fulica atra (probably Europe). 


Docophorus fusiformis DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 84, 
pl. 1, fig. 2.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1897, 
p. 217.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Cali- 
fornia, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 58, pl. V, fig. 3. 

Recorded by Osborn (a typographical error makes the species 
read ‘ fissiformis”) from ‘‘ black-billed sandpiper” (Burnett collec- 
tion). Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Tringa minutilla 
(Palo Alto, California). 

Recorded by European authors from Tringa minuta and T. sub- 
arquata. Piaget believes D. variabilis Denny,! from Tringa varia- 
bilis, and D. canuti Denny,” from Tringa canutus, to be merely varie- 
ties of fusiformis. 

Docophorus cordiceps GIEBEL, Insecta. Epizoa., 1874, p. 103.—KELLOGG, 
Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, 
in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. Vv, pl. 1, fig. 2. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Tringa macularia (Panama) and 
Tringa sp. (Baja California). 

Recorded by European authors from TYotanus glareola, T. macu- 
latus, T. calidris, T. hypoleucos, T. fuscus, T. ochropus, Calidris aren- 


1 Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., p. 71, pl. 111, fig. 4. 
2Idem, p. 84, pl. 111, fig. 5. 


NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. ALG 


aria, Machetas pugnax, Strepsilas interpres, Charadrius hiaticula. 
Denny also records it from Lestris parasiticus and L. pomarinus, 
and Grube from Larus richardsoni and Larus fuscus. I suspect 
that Denny and Grube have confounded cordiceps and lari here, 
especially as Grube records lari from Tringa islandica. 


Docophorus testudinarius DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 96, 
pl. I, fig. 6. —-OSBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. 
Ent., 1884, XVI, p. 197; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p- 217. 

Recorded by Osborn from Numenius longirostris (Ames, lowa) 
and from Bartramia longicauda (Burnett collection). 
Recorded by European authors from Numenius arquatus. 


Docophorus fuliginosus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 80, pl. 11, 
fig. 2.—_ KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Cali- 
fornia, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 59. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Charadrius squatarola (Lawrence, 
Kansas, and Palo Alto, California); by Kellogg and Chapman from 
Charadrius squatarola and Aegialitis semi-palmata (Pacific Grove, 
California). 


Docophorus platystomus Nirzscu, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, II, 
p- 426.—OsBorN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. 
Knt., 1884, X VI, p. 197; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 216. 

Recorded by Osborn from Accipiter velox (Rhode Island), Buteo 
Swainsont (lowa?), and Aquila imperialis (Burnett collection). 

Recorded by European authors from Buteo vulgaris and from 
‘‘rough-legged buzzard” (Denny, Great Pee ; also a variety by 
Piaget from Haliastur indus. 


Docophorus buteonis PACKARD, American Naturalist, 1870, IV, p. 93, 
pl. 1, fig. 3.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 218. 
Recorded by Packard from Buteo lineatus (America); by Osborn 
from same host (probably Hanover, New Hampshire), and from 
Tryannus atra (Burnett collection). 


Docophorus taurocephalus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 471, 
pl. Lxy, fig. 1. 
From Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis (Lawrence, Kansas). 


Docophorus pictus GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 74. KELLOGG and - 
CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallo- 
phaga, III, 1899, p. 59, pl. V, fig. 4. 

Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Aquila chrysetos 
(Palo Alto, California). Recorded by Nitzsch-Giebel from same 
host. 


48 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Decophorus halieti OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 


p. 218. 
From Halictus leucocephalus (Florida). 

Docophorus rostratus NrrzscH, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, I, p. 
4927,—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 486, pl. LXxvI, 
fig. 5.OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 218. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Strix pratincola (Soquel, California) ; 
by Osborn from same host, collection of Prof. Lawrence Bruner 
(Nebraska). 

Recorded by European authors from Strix flammea. 

Docophorus cursor NITzscH, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, II, p. 426.— 
OsBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, 
XVI, p.197.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 484, pl. LX v1, 
fig. 1.—OspBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p.216.— 
KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in 
New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 60. 

Recorded by Osborn fon Otus vulgaris var wilsonii (Asio wil- 

‘ sonianus) (Ames, Iowa, and Lincoln, Nebraska); by Kellogg from 
Bubo virginianus (Lawrence, Kansas), and by Kellogg and Chap- 
man from Asio wilsonianus (Ontario, California). 

Recorded by European authors from Strix bubo, S. otus, and S. 
brachyotus. 


[Docophorus syrnii PACKARD, description? 
In Gurlts “Neues Verzeichniss d. Thiere, auf welchen Schma- 
rotzer-Insekten leben”, Archiv f. Naturgeschichte, XLIV, No. 1, 
p. 185, ‘‘ Docophorus syrnii Packard” is recorded as parasite of Stria 
nebulosa. Neither Osborn nor I have been able to find the original 
record for this species. | 


Docophorus speotyti OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p- 222, fig. 144. KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds 
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 60. 

Recorded by Osborn from Speotyto cunicularia hypogea (Lincoln, 
Nebraska, and Fort Collins, Colorado); recorded by Kellogg and 
Chapman from Syrnium nebulosum (La Honda, California). 

Docophorus bubonis OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p- 219. 

From Bubo virginianus (Pennsylvania). 

Docophorus ceblebrachys Nirzscu, ed. Giebel, Zeitsch. f. ges. Naturwiss., 
1861, X VII, p. 528.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 485, 
pl. LXxvi, fig. 3.—OsBoRn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 
1896, p. 216.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 61. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Nyctea nyctea (Lawrence, Kansas); 
by Osborn from same host (lowa and other localities in America) ; 
by Kellogg and Chapman from same host (Pullman, Washington). 

Recorded by European authors from same host, 


¥ 
4 


No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 49 


Docophorus coccygi OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 222, fig. 143. 
From ‘“yellow-billed cuckoo” (Coceyzus americanus) (Lincoln, 
Nebraska). 


Docophorus latifrons NitzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 290.— 
KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, 
and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 5, pl.1, figs. 5 and 8. 

From Coccyzus californicus occidentalis (Baja California). 
Recorded by European authors from Cuculus canorus and in a 
single instance from Yuna torquilla (Denny, England). 


Docophorus evagans KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 480, pl. Lx v1, 
fig. 2. 
From Dryobates pubescens (Lawrence, Kansas). 


Docophorus superciliosus Nirzscu, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, II, 
p. 427.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 216. 
Recorded by Osborn from Dryobates villosus (Cassino collection) 
(North America). 
Recorded by European authors from Picus major and P. viridis. 


Docophorus singularis KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds 
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 61, pl. v, fig. 5. 
From Dryobates nuttalli (lone, California). 


Docophorus californiensis KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 483, 
pl. LXvI, fig. 6—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, 
Baja California and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 6.— 
KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in 
New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 63. . 

Recorded by Kellogg from Melanerpes formicivorous bairdii (Palo 
Alto, California) and from M. f. angustifrons (Baja California); by 
Kellogg and Chapman from Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Kidorado 
County, California) and from Xenopicus albolarvatus (Eldorado 
County and Kings River Canyon, California). 


Docophorus alienus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 473, pl. Lxv, 
fig. 2. 
From Colaptes auratus (Lawrence, Kansas). 


Docophorus jungens KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 481, pl. Lx v1, 
fig. 4. 
From Oolaptes auratus (Lawrence, Kansas). 


Docophorus rufus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja 
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 7, pl. 1, 
figs. 6 and 9.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 63. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Myiarchus cinerascens nuttingi (Baja 
California); by Kellogg and Chapman from Myiarchus cinerascens 
(Ontario, and Alameda County, California). 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxii—4 


50 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VO. XXII. 


Docophorus fusco-ventralis OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 
1896, p. 221.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 64. 

Recorded by Osborn from Contopus virens (Cornell University 
collection, also Burnett collection) (North America); by Kellogg 
and Chapman from Myiarchus cinerascens (Palo Alto, California). 


Docophorus distinctus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 477, pl. 
LXV, fig. 9. 
From Corvus corax sinuatus (Colorado). 
Docophorus corvi OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 220, fig. 142. 
From Corvus americanus (Ames, Iowa). ‘Thisis probably Pack- 
ard’s Lipeurus corvi, which was evidently described from an imma- 
ture specimen” (Osborn). s 


Docophocus transpositus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 478, pl. 
LXV, fig. 6. 
From Molothrus ater (Lawrence, Kansas). 
Docophorus agelaii OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 220. 
From Agelaius pheniceus (North America). 


Docophorus quiscali OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 219, fig. 141. 
From “crow blackbird” (Quiscalus quiscula ?) (Ames, lowa). 


Docophorus compar PIAGET, Les Pediculines, 1880, p. 61, pl. vit, fig. 1.— 
OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 217. 
Recorded by Osborn from Lowxia curvirostra minor (Ames, 
Jowa). ° 
Recorded by Piaget from Lowxia curvirostra (Museum of Leyden). . 


Docophorus hamatus PACKARD, American Naturalist, 1870, IV, p. 94, pl. 
Ly Ott. 
From Hmberiza (Plectrophenax) nivalis (North America). 


Docophorus mirinotatus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds 
of California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 65, pl. V, fig. 6. 
From Junco hyemalis thurberi (Kings River Canyon, California). 


Docophorus communis Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 290.— 
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 486, pl. LxvI, fig. 7.— 
OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1897, p. 216.—KEL- 
LoGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and 
Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 9—KELLOGG and CHAP- 
MAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 
1899, p. 64. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Otocoris alpestris, Agelaius pheniceus, 
Sturnella magna neglecta, Calcarius lapponicus, Junco hyemalis, 


No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 51 


Cardinalis cardinalis, Ampelis garrulus, Lanius ludovicianus 
excubitorides, Harporphynchus rufus, and Merula migratoria (all 
from Lawrence, Kansas); Icterus bullocki, Oarpodacus purpureus 
californicus, Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis, Spinus pinus, Spinus 
psaltria, and Ammodramus sandvicensis (all from Palo Alto, Cali- 
fornia); Cardinalis cardinalis igneus (Baja California). Recorded 
by Osborn from Lantus borealis (Ames, lowa) and ‘shore lark” 
(Otocoris sp.) (Burnett collection). Recorded by Kellogg and Chap- 
man from the following birds taken in California (in addition to 
specimens of several of the host species already listed): Mytarchus 
cinerascens, Hmpidonax difficilis, Otocoris alpestris chrysolema, 
Cyanocitta stellert frontalis, Aphelocoma californica, Scolecophagus 
cyanocephalus, Chondestes grammacus strigatus, Zonotrichia leuco- 
phrys intermedia, Zonotrichia l. gambeli, Zonotrichia coronata, Spizella 
socialis arizone, Amphispiza belli, Melospiza fasciata samuclis, Pipilo 
Juscus crissalis, Habia melanocephala, Guiraca coerulea eurhyncha, 
Piranga ludoviciana, Ampelis cedrorum, Lanius borealis, Lantus 
ludovicianus gambeli, Vireo solitarius cassini, Dendroica cestiva, 
Thryothorus bewickivi spilurus, Parus inornatus, Turdus aonalaschke 
auduboni, Sialia mexicana occidentalis. 

Recorded by European authors from many species of passerine 
birds. 


Docophorus panamensis KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, 
Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 9, pl. 1. 
fig. 1. 

From Phenicothrampis fuscicauda (Panama). 

Docophorus domesticus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 475, pl. 
LXV, fig.4; Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, 
and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 10. 

From Progne subis (Lawrence, Kansas) and Progne subis hesperus 
(Baja California). 

Docophorus excisus NiTzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 290; 
var. major KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 489. 

Variety major recorded by Kellogg from Petrochelidon lunifrons 
and Tachycineta bicolor (Palo Alto, California, and Lawrence, 
Kansas). 

Recorded by European authors from Hirundo urbica, H. rustica, 
HI, domestica, Cypselus apus, and Cotyle riparia. 


Docophorus laticeps GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 88.—KELLOGG, 
Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, 
in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 11, pl. 1, figs. 4 and 7. 
Variety americanus recorded by KELLOGG from Cinclus mexica- 
nus (Kodiak Island, Alaska). 
The species recorded by European authors from Cinelus aquaticus. 


52 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Docophorus mirus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 67, pl. V, fig. 7. 
From Thyrothorus bewickii spilurus (Palo Alto, California). 


Docophorus rutteri KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja 
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 12, pl. 1. 
fig. 3. 
From Parus atricapillus occidentalis (Kadiak Island, Alaska). 


Docophorus sialii OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 220. 
From Sialia sialis (Merriam, Colorado). 


Docophorus incisus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 474, pl. Lxv, 
fig. 3. 
From Sialia sialis (Lawrence, Kansas) and Ampelis cedrorum 
(Lawrence, Kansas). 


Genus NIRMUS Nitzseh. 


Nirmus Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 291. 


Nirmus fuscomarginatus DENNY, Monog. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 136, pl. 
X, fig. 1—_KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, var. americanus, Mallophaga 
from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 69, pl. Vv, 
fig. 9. 

Variety americanus recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from | 
Colymbus nigricollis californicus, Cepphus columba, and Larus 
argentatus smithsonianus (straggler?), all hosts from Bay of Monte- 
rey, California. 

The species is recorded by European authors from Podiceps 
auritus and P. cristatus. 


Nirmus pacificus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 70, pl. V, fig. 8. 
From Lunda cirrhata, Cepphus columba, and Puffinus griseus 
(Bay of Monterey, California). 


Nirmus maritimus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 72, pl. v1, fig. 1. 
From Cerorhinca monocerata, Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Synthli- 
boramphus antiquus, and as straggler, probably, from Fulmarus 
glacialis glupischa (all from Bay of Monterey, California). 


Nirmus citrinus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss, 1866, 
XXVIII, p. 378.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 
1896, p. 224. 

Recorded by Osborn from Synthliboramphus antiquus Simorhyn- 
chus cristatellus, Sim. pygmeeus, Sim. pusillus (Stejneger collection), 
and Alleus (Alle) alle (Cassino collection) (North America). 


Recorded by European writers from Alea torda. 


NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 53 


Nirmus triangulatus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss, 
1866, XXVIII, p. 378.—KELLOGG and CHAPMANN, Mallophaga 
from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1897, p. 74, pl. 
VI, fig. 2. 

Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Stercorarius pomarinus 
(Bay of Monterey, California). 

Recorded by European authors from Lestris crespidata, L. rich- 
ardsoni, Stercorarius pomarinus, and Larus canus. 


Nirmus lineolatus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, 
XXVIII, p. 376.—K&ELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 113, pl. 
Vi, figs. 7, 8, 9.—OSBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 
1896, p. 224. KELLOGG and CHAPMAN (var. atrimarginatus), Mal- 
lophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, 
p. 75. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Larus argentatus smithsonianus, L. 
brachyrhynchus, L. glauceseens, L. canus, L. vege, L. occidentalis, 
LL, heermani, L. californicus, and L, delawarensis (all from Bay of 
Monterey, California). Recorded by Osborn from ‘herring gull, in 
collection of S. E. Cassino; Baker collection, Elkhart, Indiana.” 

Recorded by European authors from Larus canus, L. argentatus, 
LL. glaucus, and L. tridactylus. 

Variety atrimarginatus Kellogg and Chapman, recorded by Kel- 
logg and Chapman from Larus canus, L. vege, L. brachyrhynchus, 
and Rissa tridactyla pollicaris. 


Nirmus punctatus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 291.— 
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 109, pl. v1, figs. land 2; Mal- 
lophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in 
New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 13.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallo- 
phaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 75. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Larus occidentalis (Bay of Monterey, 
California) and Larus sp. (Baja California); by Kellogg and Chap- 
man from Larus delawarensis (Bay of Monterey, California). 

Recorded by European authors from Larus ridibundus, L. domin- 
icanus (Chile), L. crassirostris (China), and L. ichthywtos (Valgas). 


Nirmus felix GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 175.—_KELLoGG, New 
Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 110, pl. v1, figs. 3, 4. 
Recorded by Kellogg from Larus heermani (Bay of Monterey, 
California). 
Recorded bp European authors from same host. 
Nirmus prestans KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 99, pl. v, figs. 
bs A 
From Sterna maxima (Bay of Monterey, California). 


Nirmus hebes KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 101, pl. v, fig. 3. 
From Sterna maxima (Bay of Monterey, California). 


54 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Nirmus giganticola KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 105, pl. Vv, fig. 
6.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, 
in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 75. 
From Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, California). 


Nirmus furvus NirzscuH (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, 
XXVIII, p. 374.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 
1896, p. 225.—KELLOGG (var. ravus Kellogg), Mallophaga from 
Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, 
Tit, 1897, p. 14, pl. 1, fig. 1. 

Recorded by Osborn from Phalaropus tricolor (Museum, lowa 
Agricultural College). 

Recorded by European authors from several species of Totanus 
and from godwits and plovers. The species is not sufficiently 
sharply defined to list accurately its hosts. 

Var. ravus Kellogg from Actitis macularia (Panama). 


Nirmus piceus Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 291. 

N.pileus N., KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 113, pl. v1, fig. 
6.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 224. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Recurvirostra americana (Lawrence, 
Kansas); by Osborn from same host (Museum, Iowa Agricultural 
College). 

Recorded by European authors from Recurvirostra avocetta. The 
specific name pileus has been used for this form ever since the first 
reference after Nitzsch, evidently from mere carelessness. 

Nirmus signatus PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 186, pl. Xv, fig. 8.— 
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p.112, pl. V1, fig. 5.—_OsBoRN, 
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 224. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Recurvirostra americana (Lawrence, 
Kansas); by OSBORN from same host, ‘collected from stuffed bird 
in museum of Iowa Agricultural College.” 

Recorded by European authors from Recurvirostra avocetta. 

Nirmus fissus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, ITI, p.291.— KELLOGG, 
var. major Kellogg, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja Cali- 
fornia, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 15, pl. 11, fig. 2. 

Variety major Kellogg, from Tringa sp. (Baja California). The 
species (under name bicuspis) is recorded by European authors from 
Charadrius minor, Ch. hiaticula, Ch. morinellus, Totanus calidris, 
Recurvirostra avocetta, and Vanellus cristatus. 


Nirmus complexivus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds" 


of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 75, pl. v1, fig. 3. 
From Calidris arenaria (Pacific Grove, California) and Tringa 
minutilla (Palo Alto, California). 
Nirmus actophilus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 78, pl. v1, fig. 4. 
From Calidris arenaria (Pacific Grove, California). 


No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 55 


Nirmus cordatus OSBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 
228, pl. 11, fig. aa —KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds 
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 80. 
Recorded by Osborn from Limosa hemastica (Burnett collection) 
(North America); by Kellogg and Chapman from Limosa fedoa 
(Bay of Monterey, California). 


Nirmus incoenis KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 81, pl. v1, fig. 5. 
From Charadrius squatarola (Pacific Grove, California). 


Nirmus orarius KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 104, pl. v, 
fig. 5. 
From Charadrius dominicus (Lawrence, Kansas). 


Nirmus opacus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Cali- 
fornia, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 83, pl. v1, fig. 6. 
From digialitis semipalmata (Pacific Grove, California). 


Nirmus parallelus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 229, pl. 11, fig. d. 
From digialitis vocifera (Burnett collection) (North America). 


Nirmus boephilus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 107, pl. v, 
ike 
From digialitis vocifera (Lawrence, Kansas). 


Nirmus abruptus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 
220° pl. ir, fie. c. 
From Colinus virginianus (Burnett collection) (North America). 


Nirmus fuscus NiTzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1861, 
XVII, pp.523-525.—OsBoRN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide. 
Canad. Ent., XVI, 1884, p. 197.—KELLoGG, New Mallophaga, II, 
1896, p. 499, pl. Lx vil, fig. 7.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domes- 
tic Animals, 1896, p. 223.—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of 
Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 
1899, p. 15.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 85. 

Recorded by Osborn from Buteo swainsoni (Ames, Iowa), and 
Accipiter velox **(Merriam)”. Recorded by Kellogg from Buteo 
swainsom, Cireus hudsonius, and Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis 
(all from Lawrence, Kansas); and from Falco sparverius peninsularis, 
FE. peregrinus anatum, and. Buteo borealis lucusanus (all from Baja 
California); also from Falco sparverius (Panama). Recorded by 
Kellogg and Chapman from Falco sparverius deserticola, Buteo Lore- 
alis calurus, and Hlanus leucurus (Palo Alto, California), and from 
Accipiter atricapillus striatatus (Pullman, Washington). 

Recorded by European authors from many species of hawks, 
kites, and eagles (Milvus, Buteo, Falco, Circus, Aquila, and Archi- 
buteo. 


56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. i 


Nirmus discocephalus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, III, p. 291.— 
KELLOGG (var. amblys Kellogg) New Mallophaga, II, 1897, p. 498, 
pl. Lxvil, fig. 6—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 
1896, p. 223. 

Variety amblys Kellogg, from Haliwetus leucocephalus (Lawrence, 
Kansas). Recorded by Osborn from same host (Burnett collection) 
(North America). 

Recorded by European authors from Halietus albicella. 

Nirmus splendidus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja 
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 16, pl. 11, 
figs. 3 and 6, 

From Polyborus cheriway (Baja California). 

Nirmus fenestratus NirzscH (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, 
XXVII, p. 117.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 
1896, p. 224. 

Recorded by Osborn from Coccyzus erythrophthalmus (Burnett col- 
lection) (North America). 

Recorded by European authors from Cuculus canorus. 


Nirmus atopus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja 
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 18, pl. 11, 
fig. 4. 

From Piaya cayana thermophila (Panama). 

Nirmus marginatus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p- 228, pl. u, fig. b. 

From Ceophleus pileatus (Burnett collection) (North America). 

Nirmus candidus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 
1866, XX VII, p. 117; XXVIII, p. 368.—OsBorn, Notes on Mal- 
lophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, XVI, p. 198; Insects 
Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 224. 

Recorded by Osborn from Melanerpes carolinus (Burnett col- 
lection), Colaptes auratus, and Picus villosus (locality ?). 
Recorded by European authors from Picus canus and P. viridis. 

Nirmus eustigmus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 493, pl. 
MVE, lig. - 

Show Trochilus anne (Palo Alto, California). 

Nirmus tyrannus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 228. 

From Tyrannus sp. (Burnett collection). 

Nirmus vulgatus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 496, pl. 
LXVII, fig. 5 KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 86. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Carpodacus purpureus californicus, 
C. mexicanus frontalis, Zonotrichia coronata, Z. gambeli, Pipilo 
maculatus megalonyx, and Pipilo fuseus crissalis (all from Palo Alto, 
California); and from Junco hyemalis and Merula migratoria (Law- 


No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAG A—KELLOGG. 5 


rence, Kansas). Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from (in addi- 
tion to several hosts already listed) Guitraca cwrulea, Chondestes 
grammacus strigatus, Passerina amena, Parus gambeli, Parus 
rufescens neglectus, Sialia mexicanus occidentalis, Dendroica cestiva, 
Helminthophila celata lutescens, Trochilus alexandri, Cyanocitta 
stellert frontalis, Cinclus mexicanus, Empidonax difficilis, and 
Myiarchus cinerascens (all from California). 

Nirmus fedus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 87, pl. v1, fig. 7. 

From Myiarchus cinerascens, Sayornis saya, Tyrannus verticalis, 
Icteria virens longicauda, Lanius ludovicianus gambeli, and Phain- 
opepla nitens (all from Ontario, California). . 

Nirmus ductilis KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 89, pl. v1, fig. 8. 

From Hmpidonax difficilis (Ontario, California). 

Nirmus rotundatus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 226. 

From Corvus americanus (Ames, Lowa.) 

Nirmus secondarius OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 227. 

From Corvus americanus (Ames, Lowa). 

Nirmus ornatissimus GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 144.—OsBorn, 
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 224 (var. xantho- 
cephali Osborn) (loc. eit.). 

Recorded by Osborn from Agelaius phaniceus (Cassino collec- 
tion); var. xanthocephali Osborn from Xanthocephalus xantho- 
cephalus (Fairfax, lowa). 

Recorded by European authors from Agelaius phenicurus. 

Nirmus illustris KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 494, pl. Lx vu, 
fig. 4. 

From Agelaius pheniceus (Lawrence, Kansas). 

Nirmus virgatus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja 
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 19, pl. 1, 
fig. 5. 

From Amblycercus holosericeus (Panama). 

Nirmus picturatus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 226. 

From Sturnella magna (Ames, Iowa). 

Nirmus cyclothorax Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 
1866, XX VII, p. 117.—OsBorwn, Insects Affecting Domestic Ani- 
mals, 1896, p. 224. 

-From Passer domesticus (Laurent collection) and Acanthis lina- 
ria (*) (C. B. Cook collection). 

Nirmus thoracicus PACKARD, Amer. Naturalist, 1870, IV, p. 94, pl. 1, fig. 5. 

From Plectrophenax nivalis (North America). 


58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


Nirmus lautiusculus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds 
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 90, pl. v1, fig. 9. 

From Amphispiza belli (Ontario, California). 

Nirmus pallidus OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 227. 

From Habia ludoviciana (Ames, Iowa). 

Nirmus gracilis Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, III, p.291.—OsBorn, 
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 225. 

Recorded by Osborn from Progne subis (Ames, Iowa). 

Recorded by European authors from Hirundo urbica. 

Nirmus longus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 490, pl. Lxvi1, 
fig. 1.—K“LLOGG and CHAPMAN, var. domesticus Kellogg and 
Chapman, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallo- 
phaga, IIT, 1899, p. 92. — 

Recorded by Kellogg from Petrochelidon lunifrons (Palo Alto, 
California) and Tachycineta bicolor (Lawrence, Kansas). Variety, 
domesticus Kellogg and Chapman from Chelidon erythrogaster (Palo 
Alto, California). 

Nirmus brachythorax GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 134.—OSBORN, 
Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculidze, Canad. Ent., 1884, X VI, 
p. 198; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 223.—KEL- 
LOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New 
Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 93. 

Recorded by Osborn from Ampelis garrulus (locality?) and 
Ampelis cedrorum (Ames, Lowa); by Kellogg and Chapman from 
Ampelis cedrorum (Palo Alto, California). 

Recorded by European authors from Ampelis garrulus and A. 
carolinensis. 

Nirmus peninsularis KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja 
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 21, pl. m1, 
fig. 9. 

From Phainopepla nitens (Baja California). 

Nirmus interpositus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja 
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 23, pl. 11, 
ee Te 

From Dendroica cestiva (Panama). 

Nirmus orpheus OsBorRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 227. 

From Galeoscoptes carolinensis (Burnett collection). 

Nirmus audax KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja 
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 25, pl. 11, 
fig. 8. 

From Psaltriparus flaviceps (Baja California). 

Nirmus simplex KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 492, pl. LXxv1t, 
fig. 2. 

From Merula migratoria (Lawrence, Kansas). 


No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 59 


Genus LIPEURUS Nitzseh. 
Lipeurus NiTzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent. 1818, III, p. 292. 


Lipeurus laculatus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds 

of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 93, pl. vir, fig. 1. 
From Stercorius pomarinus and Puffinus creatopus (Bay of Mon- 
terey, California). 

Lipeurus ferox GIEBEL, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1867, X XIX, p. 
195.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 127, pl. 1x, figs. 1, 2.— 
KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in 
New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 97. 


Lipeurus diomedea FI’. OSBORN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1880, XII, p. 189. 
Recorded by Kellogg from Diomedea ulbatrie (Bay of Monterey, 
- California). Recorded by Osborn from Diomedea brachyura (lo- 
cality ?). 
Recorded by European authors from Diomedea exulans, D. melano- 
phrys, and D. brachyura. 


Lipeurus densus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 114, pl. v1, figs. 1, 
2; Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, 
in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 28, pl. 11, fig. 2—KELLOGG and 
CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallo- 
phaga, ITI, 1899, p. 96. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, 
California)? and from D. nigripes (North Pacific Ocean, off Alaska). 

Lipeurus confidens KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja 
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 26, pl. 111, 
hol: 

From Diomedea nigripes (North Pacific Ocean, off Alaska). 

Lipeurus concinnus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 97, pl. v11, fig. 2. 

From Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, California). 

Lipeurus varius KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 116, pl. vit, 
figs. 3, 4. 

From Fulmarus glacialis glupischa and F. g. rodgersiit (Bay of 
Monterey, California). 

Lipeurus celer KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p.117, pl. vm, figs. 5,6. 

From Fulmarus glacialus glupischa and F. g. rodgersii (Bay of 
Monterey, California). 

Lipeurus diversus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 123, pl. v1m1, 
figs. 3, 4. KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 95. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Puffinus gavia (Bay of Monterey, Cali- 
fornia); by Kellogg and Chapman, from Puffinus gavia, P. griseus, 
P. creatopus, P. bulleri, P. tenuirostris, and stragglers probably from 
Diomeive avvatrue (all from Bay of Monterey, California). 


60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Lipeurus testaceus TASCHENBERG, Die Mallophagen, 1882, p. 135, pl. v, 
fig. 3.—_KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 130, pl. x1, figs. 2, 4.— 
KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in 
New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 100. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Puffinus gavia (Bay of Monterey, Cali- 
fornia); by Kellogg and Chapman from P. creatopus. 
Recorded by Taschenberg from Procellaria capensis. 


Lipeurus limitatus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 124, pl. v1, 
figs. 5, 6.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 100. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Puffinus griseus (Bay of Monterey, 
California); by Kellogg and Chapman from Puffinus gavia, P. 
griseus, P. bulleri, and P. tenuirostris (Bay of Monterey, California). 

Lipeurus fuliginosus ASCHENBERG, Die Mallophagen, 1882, p. 156, pl. rv, 
fig. 3.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN (var. major, Kellogg and Chap- 
man), Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, 
ITT, 1897, p. 100, pl. v1, fig. 3. 

Variety major Kellogg and Chapman from Puffinus gavia and 
P. creatopus (Bay of Monterey, California). The species recorded 
by Taschenberg from Diomedea exulans and D. chlororhyncha. 


Lipeurus subangusticeps PIAGHT, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 308, pl. xxv, 
fig. 5.—OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 235, 
pl. 11, fig. g. 
Recorded by Osborn from ‘“ Thalassidroma wilsoni” (Oceanites 
oceanicus?) (Burnett collection). 
Recorded by European authors from Thalassidroma leachi and 
Th. pelagica. 
Lipeurus pullatus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, 
XXVIII, p. 387.—OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 234. a 
Recorded by Osborn from Sula bassana and Sula alba (Burnett 
collection). 


Lipeurus faralloni KELLOGG (Nirmus), New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 103, 
pl. v, fig. 4. KELLOGG and CHAPMAN (Lipeurus), Mallophaga 
from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 101, pl. 
VII, fig. 4. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus, 
and a straggler, probably, from Colymbus septentrionalis (Bay of 
Monterey, California); by Kellogg and Chapman, from Phalacro- 
corax penicillatus (Bay of Monterey, California). 

Lipeurus longicornis PrAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 334, pl. xxvIt, 
fig. 3.—OsBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 233. 

Recorded by Osborn from Phalacrocorax dilophus (Ames, Iowa). 

Recorded by European authors from Phalacrocorax carbo and Ph. 
cristatus. A straggler, probably, recorded by Denny “v.41 Hema- 
topus ostralegus. 


No. 1183, NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 61 


Lipeurus toxoceros NiTzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, 
XXVIII, p. 386.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 131, pl. x, 
figs 3 and 5 

Recorded by Kellogg from Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus, 
and a straggler, probably, from Pelecanus californicus; both hosts 
from Bay of Monterey, California. 


Lipeurus forficulatus Nirzscu (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 
1866, XXVIII, p. 386.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. (29, 
pl. rx, figs. 3-6.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 
1896, p. 233.—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja 
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 30.— 
KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in 
New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 102. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Pelecanus californicus (Bay of Monte- 
rey, California, and Baja California) and from Pelecanus erythro- 
rhynchus (Lawrence, Kansas); by Osborn from “pelican” (P. ery- 
throrhynchus ?) (Ames, Iowa). 

Recorded by European authors from P. onocrotalus. 


Lipeurus bifasciatus PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 342, pl. xxv1it, 
fig. 1—Osporn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 233. 
Recorded by Osborn from Pelecanus erythrorhynchus (Davenport, 
Nebraska). - 
Recorded by Piaget from P. crispus. . 


Lipeurus gracilicornis PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 309, pl. xxv, 
fig. 6.—KELLOGG (var. major K.), Mallophaga from Birds of 
Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in new Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, 
p 30, pl. 111, fig. 3. 

Variety major Kellogg from Fregata aquila. The species recorded 
by Piaget from Fregata minor. 


Lipeurus temporalis NirtzscH, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, Lil, p. 292.— 
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 130, pl. x, fig. 1. 
Recorded by Kellogg from Merganser serrator (Bay of Monterey, 
California). ; 
Recorded by European authors from Mergus merganser and M. 
serrator. 


Lipeurus squalidus NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, III, p. 292.— 
OSBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, 
XVI, p. 198.—OsporRn, The Pediculi and Mallophaga Affecting 
Man and the Lower Animals, 1891, p. 39, fig. 27.—KELLOGG, New 

‘Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 132, pl. x, figs. 6, 7.—OsBorN, Insects 
Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 233.—KELLOGG and CHAP- 
MAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, 
IT, 1899, p. 102. 

Recorded by Osborn from Anas boschas (locality?), Merganser 
serrator (Cassino collection), Hniconetta stelleri (Stejneger collec- 


62 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


tion); by Kellogg from Anas boschas, Charitonetta albeola, Hrisma- 
tura rubida (all Lawrence, Kansas); by Kellogg and Chapman 
from Spatula clypeata (Palo Alto, California). 

Recorded by European authors from numerous species of Anas, 
Fuligula, Oidemia, and (varieties) from Cygnus. 


Lipeurus constrictus KeLLocG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 125, pl- 
VALUE TSS. (Os 

From Oidemia perspicillata (Bay of Monterey, California, and 

Lawrence, Kansas) and O. deglandi (Bay of Monterey, Calton 


Lipeurus jejunus NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, 120, p. 292,— 
OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1396, p. 234, 
Recorded by Osborn from Anser albifrons gambeli (Cook collec- 
tion). 
Recorded by European authors from several species of Anser. 
Lipeurus leucopygus NirscH, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, II, p. 
434,—Var. fasciata PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 320.—Var. 
fasciatus PIAGET, OSBORN, Insects Affecting Monee sails, 
1896, p. 234. 
Variety fasciata PIAGET, recorded by Osborn from Botaurus sp. 
(Burnett collection). This variety recorded by Piaget from Ardea 
stellaris. 


Lipeurus botauri Osborn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 234, 
From Botaurus lentiginosus (locality ?). 
Lipeurus luridus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, III, p. 292.— 
OsBorRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 232. 
Recorded by Osborn from Fulica americana (locality ?). 


Lipeurus longipilus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 119, pl. VI, 
fig. 7 : 
From Fulica americana (Pacific Grove, California). 
Lipeurus picturatus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 121, pl. v1, 
figs. 1, 2. 
icin Fulica americana (iawrence, Kansas). 
Lipeurus infuscatus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 234, pl. U, figs. e, f. 
From Philohela minor and Bartramia longicauda (Burnett collec- 
tion). 
Lipeurus dissimilis PrAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 359, pl. Xx1Xx,.fig. 
1.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 507, pl. Lxv11t, fig. 7. 
Recorded by Kellogg from Colinus virginianus (Lawrence, Kan- 
Sas). 
Recorded by Piaget from same host (Zoological Garden of Rot- 
terdam). 


No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 63 


Lipeurus docophoroides PrAGHT, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 357, pl. xxvii, 
fig. 9—_KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 508, pl. Lx v1, fig. 
8.—Var. californicus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from 
Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 103. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Callipepla californica (Mountain View, 
California). 

Recorded by Piaget from same host species (Zoological Garden 
of Rotterdam). Variety californicus Kellogg and Chapman from 
Oreortyx pictus plumifrons (Ki Dorado County, California). 

Lipeuras perplexus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 

California, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 103, pl. vu, fig. 5. 

From Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus (Kings River Canyon, 
California) and Pediocetes phasianellus colwnbianus (Pullman, 
Washington). 

Lipeurus protervus KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja 
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 31, pl. 111, 
fig. 4. 

From Lagopus lagopus (Kadiak Island, Alaska). 

Lipeurus polytrapezius Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, III, p. 293.— 

OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 234. 
Recorded by Osborn from Meleagris gallopavo. 
Recorded by European authors from the same host. 

Lipeurus introductus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 500, pl. 
LXVIHII, figs. 1, 5. 

From Phasianus nycthemerus (bird store, San Francisco, Cali- 
fornia). 

Lipeurus variabilis Nirzscu, Osborn, Insects Affecting Domestic Ani- 
mals, 1896, p. 254. 

“A common species on domestic fowls” (Osborn). 

Lipeurus heterographus Nirzscu, Osborn, Insects Affecting Domestic 

Animals, 1896, p. 251. 
Goniocotes burnettti PACKARD, Amer. Nat., 1870, IV, p. 94, fig. 116. 
Recorded by Packard from ‘‘common barnyard fowl;” by Osborn 
from “domestic fowl” (Burnett collection, and Ames, Iowa); also 
from ‘“‘young duck” (Lincoln, Nebraska (?) ). 

Lipeurus baculus NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. Ent., 1818, Ill, p. 293.— 
OSBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pendiculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, 
XVI, p. 198.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 506, pl. 
LXVIII, figs. 4, 6—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 
1896, p. 232. 

Recorded by Osborn from domestic pigeons (several collections) ; 
by Kellogg from same host (Columba livia), (Lawrence, Kansas). 

[Lipeurus pustulatus? OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 234, 

From Halictus leucocephalus (Burnett collection). I can find no 


64 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL. 


description of this species and no other reference to it. Osborn’s 
brief reference does not give the name of the describer, nor any 
reference to any previous record of the species; on the other hand, 
he does not give a description of the form. Can it be that Osborn 
has meant to refer to quadri-pustulatus Nitzsch recorded by Euro- 
pean authors from Aquila chrysetos and A. albicilla ?| 

Lipeurus macgregori KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, 
Baja California, and fot, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 33, 
pl. 111, figs. 5, 6. 

From Cr Boniage sulcirostris (Panama). 

Lipeurus macrocephalus KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 504, pl. 
LXVIII, fig. 3. 

From Chordeiles virginianus henryt (Palo Alto, California). 

Lipeurus suodetaee) KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 502, pl. 
LXVIII, fig. 2. 

From Trochilus rufus (Palo Alto, California). 

Lipeurus corvi PACKARD, Amer. Nat., 1870, IV, p. 99, pl. 1, fig. 2 

From the crow (Corvus americanus ?) (locality ?). 

Lipeurus gracilis PACKARD, Amer. Nat., 1870, IV, p. 95, pl. 1, fig. 6. 

No host; no locality. 

Lipeurus elongatus PACKARD, Amer. Nat., 1870, IV, p. 95, pl. 1, figs. 4, 4a. 

No host; no locality. 

Genus GIEBELIA Kellogg. 
Giebelia KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 137. 

Giebelia mirabilis KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 138, pl. x1, 
figs. 7, 8.—-KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 105. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Puffinus gavia (Bay of Monterey); by 
Kellogg and Chapman from Puffinus griseus, P, creatopus, P. tenui- 
rostris, P. bulleri, and probably a straggler, from Diomedea albatrus 
(all from Bay of Monterey, California). 

Genus EURYMETOPUS Taschenberg. 
Hurymetonus TASCHENBERG, Die Mallophagen, 1882, p. 182. 

Eurymetopus brevis DUFOUR, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1835, IV, p. 674, pl. 
XXXI, fig. 3.—OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 233. 

- Lipeurus taurus Nrvzscu, OSBORN, Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1889, p. 188. 

Hurymetopus taurus NiTzscH, KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, 

p-. 135, pl. x1, figs. 3-6.—KELLOGG, Mallophaga frem Birds of 

Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, 

p. 39..-KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Cali- 
fornia, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 109. 

Recorded by Osborn from Diomedea exulans (Albatross expedi- 


No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 65 


tion) ; by Kellogg from Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, Cali- 
fornia), Diomedea nigripes (North Pacifie Ocean; off Alaska), and, 
as a straggler, probably, from Fulmarus glacialis glupischa and F. 
g. rodgersvi (Bay of Monterey, California); recorded by Kellogg 
and Chapman, as a straggler, probably, from Puffinus gavia (Bay 
of Monterey, California). 

Recorded by European authors from Diomedea exulans, D.nigripes, 
and D. brachyura. 


Genus ORNITHOBIUS Denny. 
Ornithobius DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 183. 


Ornithobius goniopleurus DENNY, Monograph. Auoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 184, 
pl. xx1, fig. 2.—OsBorn. Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 
1896, p. 236. 

Recorded by Osborn from branta canadensis (Burnett collection). 
Recorded by Denny from Cygnus canadensis and from Mergus 
merganser (Great Britain). 

Ornithobius cygni LINN ZUS (Pediculus), Syst. Nat., 1759, II, p. 1018.— 
OsBorRN, The Pediculi and Mallophaga Affecting Man and the 
Lower Animals, 1891, p. 42, fig. 30; Insects Affecting Domestic 
Animals, 1896, p. 236. 


Ornithobius bucephalus GIEBEL, OSBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and 
Pediculidee, Canad. Ent., 1884, X VI, p. 198. 
Recorded by Osborn from Olor buccinator (Ames, Iowa). 
Recorded by European authors from Cygnus musicus and C. olor. 


Genus ONCOPHORUS Rudow. 
Oncophorus RuDow, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1870, XXXV, p. 175. 


Oncophorus bisetosus PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 217, pl. xv111, 
fig. 4.—Var. californicus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from 
Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 106, pl. vu, 
fig. 6. 

Variety caltifornicus Kellogg and Chapman, from Rallus obsoletus 
and fk. virginianus (Palo Alto, California). 

Variety porzane Piaget, from Porzana noveboracensis (specimen 
from North America in Museum of Leyden). 

The species is recorded by Piaget from Rallina plumbeiventris, 
R. tricolor, and R. isabellina. 

Oncophorus minutus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 291 
(Philopterus).—OsBorRN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, 
Canad. Ent., 1884, X VI, p. 198; Insects Atfecting Domestic Ani- 
mals, 1896, p. 230. 

Recorded by Osborn from Fulica americana (Ames, lowa). 

Recorded by European authors from Fulica atra, Gallinula 
chloropus, G. orientalis, and G. hematopus. 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 5 


66 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Oncophorus advena KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 133, pl. x1, 
figs. 1, 2. 
From Fulica americana, and Urinator pacificus (Bay of Monterey, 
California). 
Oncophorus remotus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 107, pl. V1, fig. 7. 
From Scotiaptex cinerea (Pullman, Washington). 


Genus GONIOCOTES Burmeister. 
Goniocotes BURMEISTER, Handb. d. Entomologie, 1839, II, p. 431. 

Goniocotes creber KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 510, pl. LXIx, 
fig. 3. 

From Phasianus nycthemerus (bird store, San Francisco, Cali- 
fornia). 

Goniocotes compar NITZSCH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 294.— 
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 512, pl. Lx1x, fig. 4.— 
OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 230. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Columba livia (Lawrence, Kansas); by 
Osborn from same host (Burnett collection). 


Genus GONIODES Nitzsch. 
Goniodes NiTzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 293. 

Goniodes ortygis PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 282, pl. xxtI, fig. 6. 

From Ortyx virginianus (specimens from North Americ¢a, in the 
Zoological Garden of Rotterdam). 

Goniodes dispar Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 294.— 
OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 230. 

Recorded by Osborn from quail (Ortyx virginianus ?) (Cassino 
collection). 

Recorded by European authors from Perdix cinerea. 

Goniodes mammillatus Rubow, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1870, XX XV, 
p. 483.— KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 509, pl. Lxtx, fig. 2; 
Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, 
in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 35.—KELLoGG and CHAPMAN, 
Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, 
p. 109. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Callipepla californica (Mountain View, 
California), and from Lagopus lagopus (Kadiak Island, Alaska) by 
Kellogg and Chapman from Pediocetes phasianellus columbianus 
(Pullman, Washington). Described by Rudow from Pelecanus 
ruficollis (must have been an instance of straggling) and recorded 
by Taschenberg from Callipepla californica. 

Goniodes cupido GIEBEL, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, XX VIII, 
p. 387.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p.231. 

Recorded by Osborn from Tympanuchus americanus (C. B. Cook 
collection). 

Recorded by European authors from Tetrao cupido. 


NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 67 


Goniodes merriamanus PACKARD, Rept. U. 8S. Geol. and Geog. Survey, 
1872, p. 731. 

From Tetrao richardson (no locality). 

Goniodes stylifer Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 294.— 
OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 231. 

Recorded by Osborn from Meleagris gallopavo (Hassall, Balti- 
more, Maryland). 
Recorded by European authors from same host. 

Goniodes cervinicornis GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 199.— KELLOGG, 
New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 509, pl. LXIXx, fig. 1. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Phasianus nycthemerus (bird store, 
San Francisco, California). 

Recorded by European authors from same host and Tragopan 
satyrus. : 

Goniodes damicornis NiTzscH (ed. Giebel), Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 
1866, XX VII, p. 119.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Ani- 
mals, 1896, p. 231. 

Recorded by Osborn from the “ pigeon” (Columba livia) (Cassino 
collection). 
Recorded by European authors from Columba palumbus. 

Goniodes falcicornis N11zScH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 293.— 
OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 231. 

Recorded by Osborn as ‘‘ common on the pea-fowl.” 
Recorded by European authors from Pavo cristatus. 3 

|Goniodes mephitidis PACKARD, Kept. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Survey, 1872, 
p. 732. 

Taken from a skunk, Mephitis, but probably a straggler from 
some gallinaceous bird which was the prey of the animal. | 


Family TRICHODECTID 4% Burmeister. 


Genus TRICHODECTES Nitzseh. 
Trichodectes Nivzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 294. 


Trichodectes scalaris Nrtzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 296.— 
OSBORN, The Pediculi and Mallophaga Affecting Man and the Lower 
Animals, Bull. 7, Div. of Ent., U. 8. Dept. Ag., 1891, p. 47, fig. 36; 
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 238. 

From domestic cattle. : 

Trichodectes parumpilosus PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 397, pl. XXx11, 
fig. 5.—OSBORN, The Pediculi and Mallophaga, 1891, p. 46, fig. 35; 
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 258. 

From the horse (Ames, Iowa). 

Trichodectes climax Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 296.— 

OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237. 
From the domestic goat (Hassall collection, Baltimore). 


68 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Trichodectes spherocephalus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, ITI, © 

p. 296.—OsBorv, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237. 
From domestic sheep (Canada and Iowa). 

Trichodectes limbatus GERVAIS, Apteres, IIT, 1844, p. 313, pl. vu, fig. 1.— 

OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237. 
From domestic goat (Hassall collection, Baltimore). 

Trichodectes subrostratus NirzScH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, 
p. 296.—OsBorn, The Pediculi and Mallophaga, 1891, p. 42, fig. 31; 
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237. 

From domestic cat (‘‘ Fitch and other American collections”). 

Trichodectes retusus NITZSCH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 296.— 
OsBorNn, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, 
XVI, p. 98; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237. 

From Putorius ermineus (locality?) and the weasel (Ames, Iowa.) 

Trichodectes setosus GIEBEL, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1861, X VII, 
p. 86.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 239, 
fig. 145. 

From the porcupine Hrethizon dorsatum (Nebraska). 

Trichodectes crassus NrrzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Hnt., 1318, III, p. 295.— 

OsBorRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 237. 
From Procyon lotor (Burnett collection). 

Trichodectes geomydis OSBORN, The Pediculi and Mallophaga, 1891, p. 54, 

fig. 42; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 239, fig. 146. 
From Geomys bursarius (Ames, Iowa) and Thomomys botte (Cali- 
fornia). 

Trichodectes parallelus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 
1896, p. 240, fig. 148. 

From the “deer” (species?) (Cornell collection). 

Trichodectes tibialis OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 240, fig. 147. 

From black-tailed deer (Baker collection). 

Trichodectes castoris OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 241, fig. 149. 

From the beaver (locality ?). 

Trichodectes mephitidis OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 
1896, p. 242, fig. 150. 

From polecat, Spilogale interrupta (Tama County, lowa), and from 
Mephitis mephitica (Nebraska and California). 

Trichodectes quadraticeps CHAPMAN, Entomological News, 1897, VIII, 
p. 185, pl. 1X. 

From the fox, Urocyon virginianus (Palo Alto, California). 

Trichodectes californicus CHAPMAN, Entomological News, 1897, VIII, 
p. 186, pl. Ix. 

From the pocket mouse, Peroynathus sp. (Baja California). 


No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 69 


Suborder AMBLYCERA Kellogg. 
Family LIOTHEIDA‘ Burmeister. 


Genus LZ MOBOTHRIUM Nitzsch. 


Lemobothrium Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 301. 
Lemobothrium similis KELLOGG, New Mallophaga I, 1896, p. 153, pl. 
XIV, figs. 1, 2. 
From Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Lawrence, Kansas), 
Lemobothrium atrum NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p.302.— 
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga I, 1896, p. 155, pl. XIV, fig. 3—OsBorRN, 
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 247. 
Recorded by Kellogg from Fulica americana (Bay of Monterey, 
California); by Osborn from unknown host. 
Recorded by European authors from Fulica atra and Podiceps 
rubricollis. 
Lemobothrium hasticeps NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 
302.—OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 247. 
Osborn’s specimens (by typographical error referred to as hastipes) 
were sent him by Dr. C. Hart Merriam; host and locality unin- 
dicated by Osborn. 
Recorded by European authors from Falco tinnunculus. 
Lemobothrium giganteum NirzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, 
p. 301.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 247. 
Recorded by Osborn from Thrysetos harpyia (Beutenmiiller). 
Recorded by European authors from Buteo vulgaris. 


Genus PHYSOSTOMUM Nitzseh. 
Physostomum NiTzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 302. 


Physostomum invadens KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, 
Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga III, 1899, p. 50. 
From Melanerpes wagleri and Chiroxiphia lanceolata (Panama). 
Physostomum lineatum OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 
1896, p. 248. 
From Trochilus colubris (Cornell University collection). 
Physostomum prominens KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds 
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 137, pl. 1x, fig. 5. 
From Colypte coste (Ontario, California). 
Physostomum angulatum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 515, 
pl. LxXx, fig. 5. 
From Tyrannus tyrannus (Lawreuce, Kansas). 
Physostomum sucinaceum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga II, 1896, p. 514, 
pl. Lxx, fig. 2.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds 
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 137. 
From Hmpidonax difficilis (Palo Alto, California). 


TO _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXL 


Physostomum diffusum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 518, pl. 
LXX, fig. 3; var. pallidum KELLOGG, Idem, p. 519.— KELLOGG and 
CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallo- 
phaga ITI, 1899, p. 137. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Zonotrichia coronata and Passerculus 
sandvicensis (Paio Alto, California); by Kellogg and Chapman from 
Junco hyemalis oregonus (Pullman, Washington). Variety pallidum 
Kellogg, from Junco sp. (Lawrence, Kansas). 

Physostomum microcephalum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 518, 
le Teprexg, rier, IE, 

From Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis (Palo Alto, California). 

Physostomum australe KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 516, pl. 
LXX, fig. 4. 

From Passerina versicolor (Cameron County, Texas). 

Physostomum pallens KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, 
Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 49, 
[OM IA, 1iker: Ci 

From Protonotaria citrea and Hlainea subpagana (Panama). 

Physostomum frenatum NiTzscH, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, I, 
p. 442.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 248. 

Recorded by Osborn from “golden-crowned Kinglet” (Regulus 
satrapa) (Laurent collection). ‘ Very similar forms from Passerella 
iliaca (Cassino collection), and Pipilo erythrophthalmus, from Dr. 
Merriam” (Osborn). 

Recorded by Nitzsch from Regulus verus. 


Genus TRINOTON Nitzseh. 
Trinoton NitzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 300. 


Trinoton luridum NitrzscuH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 300.— 
OsBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, 
XVI, p. 199.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 152, pl. x11, 
fig. 4.—OsBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 
248.—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja Cali- 
fornia, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, ITT, 1899, p.35.—KELLOGG 
and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mal- 
lophaga, III, 1899, p. 116. 


Recorded by Osborn from Anas boschas; “have met with it a 
number of times myself, and have noted it in collections of the 
U. S. National Museum, the Cassino collection, from Mergus ser- 
rator, Bruner collection, Kellogg collection, ete.” (Osborn). 

recorded by Kellogg from Spatula clypeata, Merganser serrator, 
Anas carolinensis, Dafila acuta, Anas boscas, and Anas americana 
(Lawrence, Kansas); from Hrismatura rubida (Monterey, Califor- 
nia), and from Anas carolinensis (Kadiak Island, Alaska). 

Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Anas americana and 
Aythya marila nearctica (Palo Alto, California), and from Spatula 
clypeata (Mountain View, California). 


NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. (Al 


— 


Recorded by European authors from numerous species of Anas 
and from other ducks; and also from Branta rufina and Egretta 
alba. 

Trinoton lituratum Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 300.— 
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 151, pl. xi, fig. 3—_OsBorn, 
Insects Affecting Domestic Animais, 1896, p. 248.—KELLOGG and 
CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Malloph- 
aga, III, 1899, p. 116. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Dafila acuta and Merganser serrator 
(Lawrence, Kansas); by Osborn from ‘“blue-winged teal” (Cassino 
collection); by Kellogg and Chapman from Spatula clypeata (Moun- 
tain View, California). 

Recorded by European authors from Mergus albellus, Anas clyp- 
eata, Dendrocygna arborea, and Anser albifrons. 

Trinoton minor OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 

248. 

From Oidemia sp. (Burnett collection). 


Genus ANCISTRONA Westwood. 
Ancistrona WESTWOOD, Thesaurus Entomologicus Oxoniensis, 1874, p. 197. 


Ancistrona gigas PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, Supplement, 1885, p. 117, pl. 
XI, fig. 8_KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 150, pl. x11, 
figs. 1, 2.— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 116. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Fulmarus glacialis glupischa and F’. q. 
rodgersii, and by Kellogg and Chapman from Puffinus gavia, and 
P. griseus (all hosts from Bay of Monterey, California). 

Recorded by Piaget from Procellaria glacialis. 


Genus NITZSCHIA Denny. 
Nitzschia DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 230. 


Nitzschia pulicaris Nitzscu, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1861, X VITI, p. 
304.—OSBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculid, Canad. Ent., 
1884, XVI, p. 199; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 
247, 

Recorded by Osborn from Cheetura pelasgica (Ames, Lowa). 
Recorded by European authors from Cypselus apus. 

Nitzschia dubius KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 540, pl. Lx x11, 
fig. 6. 

From OChetura pelasgica (Lawrence, Kansas). 


Genus COLPOCEPHALUM Nitzsch. 
Colpocephalum Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 298. 


Colpocephalum perplanus KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from 
Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ILI, 1899, p. 109, pl. v1I, 
fig. 8. 
From Lunda cirrhata (Bay of Monterey, California). 


72 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


Colpocephalum funebre KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 147, pl. 
xu, fig. 7— KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1897, p. 111. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Larus glaucescens (Bay of Monterey, 
California); by Kellogg and Chapman from ZL. heermanni (Bay of 
Monterey, California). 


Colpocephalum lari PACKARD, American Naturalist, 1870, IV, p. 96, pl. 

le talfe, I 
From Larus marinus (locality ?). 

Colpocephalum abbotti KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, 
Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, IIT, 1899, p. 36, 
pl. Iv, fig. 9. 

From Larus sp. (Baja California). 

Colpocephalum fuscipes PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 567, pl. XLYVII, 
fig. 7.—OsBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 
246. 

Recorded by Osborn from Larus sp. (Cassino collection). 
Recorded by Piaget from Larus dominicanus. 


Colpocephalum pingue KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 144, pl. 
XH, fig. 5 KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 111. 

From Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, California). 


Colpocephalum unciferum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 140, 
pl. xu, figs. 1-3. 
From Pelecanus erythrorhynchus (Lawrence, Kansas) and P. cali- 
Jornicus (Bay of Monterey, California). 


Colpocephalum spineum KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, 
Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 38, 
leas, filer ol 

From Fregata aquila (Panama). 

Colpocephalum laticeps KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, 1, 1896, p. 149, pl. 
XII, fig. 8. 

From Ardea egretta (Lawrence, Kansas). 

Colpocephalum assimile PIAGET’, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 544.—OsBoRN, 
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 246. 

Recorded by Osborn from Ames, Iowa (Osborn collection), host 
not specifically given, but by implication Grus americana; also 
from “whooping crane” (Grus americana) (Lamar, Colorado). 

Recorded by Piaget from Grus americana (Zoological Garden of 
Lotterdam). 


Colpocephalum uniforme KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 142, pl. 
xT, fio. 4. 
From Recurvirostra americana (Lawrence, Kansas). 


NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 13 


Colpocephalum ochraceum NITZSCH, Germar’s Mag. d. [nt., 1818, iil, p. 
299.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 246. 
Recorded by Osborn from Tringa maculata (Burnett collection). 
Recorded by European authors from Vanellus cristatus, V. varius, 
Himantopus rufipes, Charadrius morinellus, Tringa variabilis, Li- 
mosa rufa, Macrorhamphus griseus, Charadrius hiaticula, Totanus 
hypoleucus, Heematopus ostralegus, and Sterna minuta. 

Colpocephalum spinulosum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 563, pl. 
XLVU, fig. 3; var. minor KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga 
from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 112, pl. 
vil, fig. 9. 

Variety minor Kellogg and Chapman, from Calidris arenaria 
(Pacific Grove, California). 

The species recorded by Piaget from Limosa melanura. 

Colpocephalum timidum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 145, pl. 
XI, fig. 6 KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 112. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Charadrius dominicus (Lawrence, 
Kansas); by Kellogg and Chapman from C. squatarola (Pacifie 
Grove, California). 

Colpocephalum longicaudum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 534, pl. 
XLIV, fig. 6.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 246. 

Recorded by Osborn from ‘carrier pigeon” (Bur nett collection). 
‘“ Also @ Specimen very similar on Gallus gallus (Burnett collec- 
tion)” (Osborn). 

Recorded by Piaget from Columba domestica and ‘*probablement 
comme deserteur” from Phasianus reevesii. 

Colpocephalum flavescens NiTzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, ILI, p. 
298.—OsBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculid, Canad. Ent., 
1884, X VI, p. 198.—KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 525, pl. 
LXXI, fig. 4.OsBorvy, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 246.—KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 113. 

Recorded by Osborn from Hlanoides forficatus (Ames, lowa); by 
Kellogg from Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis and Halietus leu- 
cocephalus (Lawrence, Kansas); by Kellogg and Chapman from 
Aquila chrysetos (Palo Alto, California), and Haliwtus pelagicus 
(brought to California from Arctic Ocean). 

Recorded by European authors from Halictus albicilla, H. leuco- 
gaster, Aquila nevia Gypetos barbatus, Harpyia destructor, Mil- 
vus regalis, Astur palumbarius, Falco peregrinus, Pernis apivorus, 
Buteo vulgaris, Circus cinereus, and Nyctea nivea. 

Colpocephalum osborni KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 521, io 
LXXI, figs. 2 and 3. 

Reon Elanus leucurus (Palo Alto, California). 


74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII 


Colpocephalum maculatum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 516, pl. XLT, 
fig. 1—KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja Cal- 
ifornia, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, 11, 1899, p. 40, pl. Iv, 
fig. 2. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Polyborus cheriway (Baja California). 

Recorded by Piaget from Polyborus brasiliensis (Zoological Gar- 
den of Rotterdam). 

Colpocephalum subpachygaster PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 517, pl. 
XLII, fig. 2.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 246. 

Recorded by Osborn from Bubo virginianus (Burnett collection). 

Recorded by Piaget from Strix noctua, S. flammea, and 8. 
passerind. 

Colpocephalum pustolusum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 559, pl. XLVI, 
fig. 8.— OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 246. 

Recorded by Osborn from Ceryle aleyon (Burnett collection). 

Recorded by Piaget from Machetes pugnax. 

Colpocephalum subeequale NITZScH, Germar’s Mag. d. Hnt., 1818, II, p. 
299, KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 525, pl. Lx xi, fig. 1; 
Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in 
New Mallophaga, ILI, 1899, p. 40. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Corvus americanus (Palo Alto, Cal- 
ifornia) and Corvus corax sinuatus (Baja California). 

Recorded by European authors from Corvus corax, C. frugilegus, 
and C. corone. 

Colpocephalum chrysopheum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 
520, pl. LXX1, fig. 1. 

From Melospiza fasciata samuelis (Palo Alto, California). 

Colpocephalum grandiculum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from 
Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 113, pl. vi, 
fig. 10. 

From Pipilo fuscus crissalis (Palo Alto, California). 

Colpocephalum diffusum KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, 
Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 40, pl. 
IV, figs. 3, 4. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Amblycercus holosericeus, Arremonops 
striaticeps, Sultator albicollis, Phenicothraupis fuscicauda, Hlainea 
subpagana, Dendroica vieilloti, Piaya cayana thermophila, Chiroxt- 
phia lanceolata, and Butorides virescens. 

Colpocephalum fumidum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, IT, 1896, p. 523, pl. 
LXXI, fig. 5. 

From Psaltriparus minimus (Palo Alto, California). 


NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 15 


Genus MENOPON Nitzseh. 
Menepon Nitzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 299. 


Menopon tridens Nirzscu, Burmeister, Handb. d. Ent., 1839, I, p. 440.— 
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896 (varieties pacificum Kellogg, 
insolens Kellogg, and par Kellogg), p. 165, pl. xv, figs. 3, 4.— 
OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 244.—KEL- 
LOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New 
Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 116. 

Recorded by Kellogg, variety pacificum Kellogg, from Urinator 
pacificus and Fulica americana (Monterey, California); variety inso- 
lens Kellogg from Colymbus nigricollis californicus (Bay of Monte- 
rey, California); and Sterna forstert (Lawrence, Kansas), variety par 
Kellogg, from Achmophorus occidentalis (Lawrence, Kansas). 

Recorded by Osborn from Fulica americana (Ames, Iowa). 
Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Rallus obsoletus and R. 
virgimianus (Palo Alto, California). 

Menopon infrequens KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 161, pl. xv, 
fig. 5. KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Cali- 
fornia, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 117. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Larus glaucescens (Bay of Monterey, 
California), by Kellogg and Chapman from L. delawarensis (same 
locality). 

Menopon navigans KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 156, pl. x1v, 
figs. 4, 5. 

From Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, California). 

Menopon irrumpens KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 117, pl. vin, fig. 1. 

From Diomedea albatrus (Bay of Monterey, California). 

Menopon numerosum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 159, pl. xv, 
fioael: 

From Fulmarus glacialis glupischa and F. g. rodgersii (Bay of 
Monterey, California). 

Mencpon paululum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 119, pl. v111, fig. 2. 

From Puffinus gavia, P. griseus, and P. creatopus (Bay of Monte- 
rey, California). 

Menopon petulans KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 121, pl. v111, fig. 3. 

From Puffinus gavia and P. griseus (Bay of Monterey, California). 

Menopon titan PrAGHT, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 503, pl. XL, fig. 7.— 
KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896 (varieties impar Kellogg and 
linearis Kellogg) p. 163, pl. xv, fig. 2,— KELLOGG, Mallophaga from 
Birds of Panama, Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, 
III, 1899 (variety linearis Kellogg) p. 43.—KELLOGG and CHAP- 


76 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. 


MAN, Mallophaga from Birds of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 
1899 (varieties linearis Kellogg and incompositum Kellogg and 
Chapman), p. 123. 

Recorded by Kellogg, variety impar Kellogg from Pelecanus 
erythrorhynchus (Lawrence, Kansas); variety linearis Kellogg from 
Pelecanus californicus (Bay of Monterey, California, and Baja Cal- 
ifornia); by Kellogg and Chapman, variety incompositum Kellogg 
and Chapman from Phalacrocorax penicillatus (Bay of Monterey, 
California). 


Menopon consanguineum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, Supplement, 1885, 
p. 116, pl. x11, fig. 7— RILEY and HowARbD, Insect Life, 1893, V, 
p. 284.—OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 
243. 

Recorded by Riley and Howard from “ white pelican” (River- 
dale, California); by Osborn from “ pelican” (Pelecanus erythro- 
rhynchus) (Ames, Iowa), and on “‘ specimens examined in collections 
of United States National Museum, Kansas University, Boston 
Society of Natural History, etc.” 


Menopon aurifasciatum KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, 
Baja California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 43, 
pl. Iv, fig. 5. 
From Fregata aquila (Panama). 


Menopon loomisii KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 162, pl. xv, 
fig. 6. 
From Oidemia deglandi (Bay of Monterey, California). 


Menopon indistinctum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, I, 1896, p. 157, pl. xv, 
figs. 6, 7. 
From Recurvirostra americana (Lawrence, Kansas). 


Menopon crocatum NiITzscu, ed. Giebel, Zeitschr. f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, 
XXVIII, p. 392.—OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 
1896, p. 244. 

Recorded by Osborn from Philohela minor and Limosa hemastica 
(Burnett collection). 
Recorded by Nitzsch from Numenius arquata. 


Menopon pallescens Nrtzscu, ed. Giebel, Zeitschr.f. ges. Naturwiss., 1866, 
XXVIII, p. 391.—OsBorn, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 
1896, p. 243. 

Recorded by Osborn from Colinus virginianus (Burnett collec- 
tion). 
Recorded by European authors from Perdix cinerea. 


Menopon striatum KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja 
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, ILI, 1899, p. 44, pl. Iv, 
fig. 6. 
From Lagopus lagopus (Kadiak Island, Alaska). 


NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. all 


Menopon monostechum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 530, pl. 
LXXII, fig. 4. 

From Phasianus nycthemerus (bird store, San Francisco, Cali- 
fornia). 

Menopon pallidum NitTzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 299.— 
OsBORN, Notes on Mallophaga and Pediculide, Canad. Ent., 1884, 
XVI, p. 198; Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 243. 

Recorded by Osborn from the domestic fowl. 
Recorded by European authors from the domestic fowl, pigeons, 
and ducks. 

Menopon biseriatim PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 469, pl. Xxxvit, 
fig. 2,—_OsBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 243. 

Recorded by Osborn from domestic fowl (Baltimore; Cornell Uni- 
versity collection). 

Recorded by Piaget from domestic fowl, Huplocamus cuvieri, 
Phasianus colchicus, Pavo speciferus, aud Meleagris gallopavo. 

Menopon longicephalum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 535, 
pl. LXx1Ii, fig. 4. 

From the pigeon, Columba livia (Lawrence, Kansas). 

Menopon decoratum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p.526, pl. Lx x11, 
fig. 2. 

From Hlanus leucurus (Palo Alto, California). 

Menopon fulvo-fasciatum PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 417, pl. xxxtiI, 

fig. 3—OsBorv, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 244. 
Recorded by Osborn from Milvus sp. incog. {Burnett collection). 
Recorded by Piaget from Buteo vulgaris, and a variety, minor, 

from Accipiter nisus. 


Menopon funereum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 124, pl. v111, fig. 6. 
From Dryobates pubescens gairdnert and Coccothraustes vesper- 
tinus montanus (California). 
Menopon precursor KELLOGG, Mallophaga from Birds of Panama, Baja 
California, and Alaska, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 46, pl. 1v, 
fig. 8. 
From Melanerpes uropygialis (Baja California). 
Menopon distinctum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds 
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 126, pl. v111, fig. 7. 
From Myiarchus cinerascens and Heleodytes brunneicapillus (Onta- 
rio, California). 
Menopon persignatum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds 
of California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 128, pl. 1x, fig. 1. 
From Aphelocoma californica (Mountain View, California). 
Menopon interruptus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 245, pl. H, fig. h. 
From Corvus americanus (Ames, lowa; also Burnett collection). 


78 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.. VOL. XX. 


Menopon mesoleucum NiTzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, ITI, p. 300.—. 
KELLOGG, var. americanum Kellogg, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 
539, pl. LXXIII, fig. 3. 

Variety americanum Kellogg from Corvus americanus (Lawrence, 
Kansas, and Palo Alto, California). 

The species recorded by European authors from Corvus cornia 
and C. corone. 


Menopon expansum OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, 
p. 245, pl. 01, fig. j. 
From Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Burnett collection). 


Menopon crassipes PIAGET, Les Pédiculines, 1880, p. 450, pl. xxxv, fig. 
7.—OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 244. 
Recorded by Osborn from Jecterus galbula (Burnett collection). 
Recorded by Piaget from Hpimachus magnificus. 


Menopon carduelis DENNY, Monograph. Anoplur. Brit., 1842, p. 2 8, pl. 
Xx, fig. 7.-OSBoRN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 
244, 

Recorded by Osborn from Spinus tristis (Burnett collection). 
Recorded by Denny from Fringilla cardueiis. 


Menopon mestum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, ITI, 1899, p. 130, pl. 1x, fig. 2. 
From Zonotrichia coronata and Melospiza fasciata samuelis (Palo 
Alto, California). 


Menopon melanorum KELLOGG, New Maillophaga, II, 1896, p. 532, pl. 
LXXti, tig. 1 
From Pipilo erythrophthalmus (Lawrence, Kansas). 


Menopon dissimile KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 536, pl. 
LXXIUM, fig. 5. 
From Progne subis (Lawrence, Kansas). 


Menopon rusticum GIEBEL, Insecta Epizoa, 1874, p. 288._-OsBorN, 
Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 243. 
Recorded by Osborn from Progne subis (Ames, Lowa). 
Recorded by Giebel from Hirundo rustica. 


Menopon malleus Nirzscu, Germar’s Mag. d. Hnt., 1818 (Hureum), ITT, p. 
301.--KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of Califor- 
nia, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 133, pl. rx, fig. 3. 

Recorded by Kellogg and Chapman from Petrochelidon lunifrons 
(Ontario, California). 
Recorded by European authors from Hirundo rustica. 


Menopon ridulosum KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 135, pl. 1x, fig. 4. 
From Dendroica estiva (Palo Alto, California). 


NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 719 


Menopon robustum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 528, pl. 
LXXxI, fig. 3. 

From Psaltriparus minimus (Palo Alto, California). 

Menopon incertum KELLOGG, New Mallophaga, II, 1896, p. 533, pl. 
LXXIII, fig. 2—_ KELLOGG and CHAPMAN, Mallophaga from Birds of 
California, in New Mallophaga, III, 1899, p. 130. 

Recorded by Kellogg from Turdus ustulatus and Spinus tristis 
(Palo Alto, California); by Kellogg and Chapman from Chondestes 
grammacus strigatus (Ontario, California), and Thryothorus bewicki 
spilurus (Palo Alto, California). 

Menopon fusco-marginatus OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 
1896, p. 245. 

From Turdus minor (Burnett collection). 


Geass GYRO WS INhiwaselag 
Gyropus NITZscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 302. 


Gyropus ovalis Nirzscu, Germars Mag. f. Ent., 1818, III, p. 304.— 
OSBORN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 216, and 
p. 249, fig. 140. 
Recorded by Osborn from guinea pig (Cavia sobaya) (Baltimore). 
Recorded by European authors from same host, which is its only 
one. 
Gyropus gracilis NitzscH, Germar’s Mag. d. Ent., 1818, III, p. 304.— 
OsBorN, Insects Affecting Domestic Animals, 1896, p. 215, and 
p. 249, fig. 139. 
Recorded by Osborn from guinea pig (Cavia sobaya) (Baltimore). 
Reported by European authors from same host, which is its only 
one. 
SUMMARY. 

So far 282 species of Mallophaga have been recorded from North 
American hosts, of which 264 species are from birds and 18 from mam- 
mals, These species of Mallophaga represent 18 out of the 21 recog- 
nized genera. Ail of these genera except one (Giebelia) were estab- 
lished for specimens taken from European hosts. Of the 264 species of 
Mallophaga from North American birds, 107 are species originally 
described from European hosts (in 11 cases the American specimens 
being called varieties). The remaining 157 species were described from 
American hosts. 


ist On Osis: WirMel PAwky ASME is: 
BIRDS. 


The sequence and nomenclature of hosts is, where possible, that of 
the American Ornithologists’ Union Check-list of North American 
Birds, second edition, 1895; where the hosts have been recorded under 
names not recognized by the Check-list I have, where the synonymy 


80 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


could certainly be made out, used the Check-list name. In cases of 
doubtful records or references to vernacular names only of host, I have 
indicated the doubt by a preceding point of interrogation and have 
given exact reference to the record in following parentheses: 


ZEchmophorus occidentalis. 
Menopon tridens Nitzsch, var. par Kellogg. 


Colymbus nigricollis californicus. 
Docophorus pertusus Nitzsch. 
lari Denny. 
kansensis Kellogg. 
Nirmus fuscomarginatus Denny, var. americanus Kellogg and 
Chapman. 
Laemobothrium similis Kellogg. 
Menopon tridens Nitzsch, var. insolens Kellogg. 
Urinator pacificus. 
Docophorus colymbinus Denny. 
graviceps Kellogg. 
Oncophorus advena Kellogg. 
Menopon tridens Nitzsch, var. pacificum Kellogg. 


Urinator lumme. 

Docophorus colymbinus Denny. 

lari Denny. 

Tipeurus faralloni Kellogg. (Straggler ?) 
Lunda cirrhata. 

Nirmus pacificus Kellogg and Chapman. 

Colpocephalum perplanum Kellogg and Chapman. 
Cerorhinca monocerata. 

Docophorus acutipectus Kellogg. 

Nirmus maritimus Kellogg and Chapman. 


Ptychoramphus aleuticus. 
Docophorus insolitus Kellogg. 
montereyt Kellogg. 
Nirmus maritimus Kellogg and Chapman. 


Simorhynchus cristatellus. 

Nirmus citrinus Nitzseh. 
Simorhynchus pygmeus. 

Nirmus citrinus Nitzseh. 
Simorhynchus pusillus. 

Nirmus citrinus Nitzsch. 
Synthliboramphus antiquus. 

Docophorus atricolor Kellogg. 

montereyt Kellogg. 
Nirmus citrinus Nitzsch. 
maritemus Kelle vg and Chapman. 


No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAG A—KELLOGG. Sl 


Brachyramphus marmoratus. 

Docophorus atricolor Kellogg. 

montereyt Kellogg. 

Cepphus columba. 

Docophorus procax Kellogg. 

Nirmus fuscomarginatus Denny, var. americanus Kellogg and 

Chapman. 
pacificus Kellogg and Chanman 


Uria troile californica. 
Docophorus calous Kellogg. 


Alle alle. 
Nirmus citrinus Nitzseh. 


Stercorarius pomarinus. 
Docophorus melanocephalus Burmeister. 
Nirmus triangulatus Nitzsch. 
Lipeurus laculatus Kellogg and Chapman. 


Rissa tridactyla pollicaris. 
Docophorus lari Denny. 
Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch, var. atrimarginatus Kellogg and Chap- 
man. 
Larus glaucus. 
Docophorus lari Denny. 


Larus glaucescens. 
Docophorus lari Denny. 
Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch. 
Colpocephalum funebre Kellogg 
Menopon infrequens Kellogg. 
Larus marinus. 
Colpocephalum lari Packard. 


uarus occidentalis. 
Docophorus lari Denny. 
Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch. 
punctatus Nitzsch. 


Larus argentatus smithsonianus. 
Docophorus lari Denny. 
Nirmus fuscomarginatus Denny, var. americanus Kellogg and 
Chapman. 
lineolatus Nitzsch. 
Larus vege. 
Docophorus lari Denny. 
Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch. 
lineolatus Nitzsch, var. atrimarginatus Kellogg aud Chap- 
man. 
Larus californicus. 


Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——6 


82 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOu. XXII 


Larus delawarensis. 
Docophorus lari Denny. 
Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch. 
punctatus Nitzsch. 
Menopon infrequens Kellogg. 
Larus brachyrhynchus. 
Docophorus lari Denny. 
Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch. 
lineolatus Nitzsch, var. atrimarginatus Kellogg and Chap- 


man. 
Larus canus. 


Docophorus lari Denny. 
Nirmus lineolatus Nitzsch. 
linecolatus Nitzsch, var. atrimarginatus Kellogg and Chap- 
man. 
Larus heermanni. 
Docophorus lari Denny. 
Nirmus felix Giebel. 
lineolatus Nitzsch. 
Colpocephalum funebre Kellogg. 
Larus philadelphia. 
Docophorus lari Denny. 
Larus sp. 

Colpocephalum abbotti Kellogg. 

Larus sp. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 246.) 

Colpocephalum fuscipes Piaget. 

Sterna maxima. 
Docophorus melanocephalus Burmeister. 
Nirmus hebes Kellogg. 
prestans Kellogg. 
Sterna forsteri. 
Menopon tridens Nitzsch, var. insolens Kellogg. 
Diomedea nigripes. 

Tipeurus confidens Kellogg. 
densus Kellogg. 

Hurymetopus brevis Dutour. 

Diomedea albatrus. 

Nirmus giganticola Kellogg. 

Iipeurus concinnus Kellogg aud Chapman. 
diversus Kellogg (stragglers ?). 
densus Kellogg. 
ferox Giebel. 

Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg. (Straggler?) 

Hurymetopus brevis Dufour. 

Colpocephalum pingue Kellogg. 

Menopon irrumpens Kellogg and Chapman. 
navigans Kellogg. 


NO. 1185. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 


83 


Dicmedea exulans. 
EHurymetopus brevis Dufour. 
Diomedea brachyura. 
LTipeurus ferox Giebel. 
Fulmarus glacialis glupischa. 
Docophorus occidentalis Kellogg. 
Nirmus maritimus Kellogg and Chapman. 
Tipeurus celer Kellogg. 
varius Kellogg. 
Hurymetopus brevis Dufour (straggler?). 
Ancisirona gigas Piaget. 
Menopon numerosum Kellogg. 
Fulmarus glacialis rodgersi. 
Docophorus occidentalis Kellogg. 
Iipeurus celer Kellogg. 
varius Kellogg. 
Hurymetopus brevis Dufour. 
Ancistrona gigas Piaget. 
Menopon numerosum Kellogg. 
Puffinus creatopus. 
Tipeurus diversus Kellogg. 
laculatus Kellogg and Chapman. 


Juliginosus Taschenberg, var. major Kellogg and Chapman. 


testaceus Taschenberg. 
Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg. 
Menopon paululum Kellogg and Chapman. 
Puffinus gavia. : 
Docophorus validus Kellogg and Chapman. 
Tipeurus diversus Kellogg. 


fuliginosus Taschenberg, var. major Kellogg and Chapman. 


limitatus Kellogg. 
testaceus Taschenberg. 
Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg and Chapman. 
Kurymetopus brevis Dufour (straggler?). 
Ancistrona gigas Piaget. 
Menopon paululum Kellogg and Chapmaia. 
petulans Kellogg and Chapman. 
Puffinus griseus. 
Nirmus pacificus Kellogg and Chapman. 
giganticola Kellogg. 
Lipeurus diversus Kellogg. 
limitatus Kellogg. 
Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg. 
Anecistrona gigas Piaget. 
Menopon paululum Kellogg and Chapman. 
petulans Kellogg and Chapman. 


84 PROCKEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIi. 


Puffinus teauiorosiris. 
Lipeurus diversus Kellogg. 
limitatus Kellogg. 
Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg. 


Puffinus bulleri. 
Lipeurus diversus Kellogg. 
limitatus Kellogg. 
Giebelia mirabilis Kellogg. 


(2) Oceanites oceanicus (‘' Thalassidroma wilsoni;” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. 
An., 1896, p. 235). 
Lipeurus subangusticeps Piaget. 
Phaéthon ethereus. 
Docophorus phactonus Osborn. 


Sula alba. 
LTipeurus pullatus Nitzsch. 


Sula bassana. 
Lipeurus pullatus Nitzseh. 


(2) Sula sp. (Osborn; Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 217.) 
Docophorus bassane Denny. 


Phalacrocorax penicillatus. 
Lipeurus farallon Kellogg. 
Menopon titan Nitzsch var. incompositum Kellogg. 


Phalacrocorax dilophus. 
LTipeurus longicornis Piaget. 


Phalacrocorax dilophus albociliatus. 
Tipeurus faralloni Kellogg. 
toxoceros Nitzsch. 


Pelecanus erythrorhynchus. 
LTipeurus forficulatus Nitzsch. 
bifasciatus Piaget. 
Colpocephalum unciferum Kellogg. 
Menopon consanguneum Piaget. 
titan Nitzsch var. impar Kellogg. 


Pelecanus californicus. 
Tipeurus for ficulatus Nitzsch. 
toxoceros Nitzsch. (Straggler?) 
Colpocephalum unciferum Kellogg. 
Menopon titan Nitzsch var. linearis Kellogg. 


Fregata aquila. 
Tipeurus gracilicornis Piaget, var. major Kellogg. 
Colpocephalum spineum Kellogg. 
Menopon aurifasciatum Kellogg. 


No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 


85 


Merganser serrator. 
Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch. 
LTipeurus squalidus Nitzsch. 

temporalis Nitzsch. 
Trinoton lituratum Nitzsch. 
luridum Nitzsch. 

Anas boschas. 

Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch. 
LTipeurus squalidus Nitzsch. 
Trinoton luridum Nitzsch. 

Anas americana. 

Trinoton luridum Nitzsch. 


Anas carolinensis. 
Docophorus icterodes Nitzseh. 
Trinoton luridum Nitzsch. 


Anas discors. 
Trinoton lituratum Nitzsech. 


Spatula clypeata. 
Tipeurus squalidus Nitzsch. 
Trinoton lituratum Nitzsch. 
luridum Nitzsch. 


Dafila acuta. 
Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch. 
Trinoton lituratwm Nitzsch. 
luridum Nitzsch. 


Aythya americana. 
Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch. 


_Aythya marila nearctica. 
Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch. 
Trinoton luridum Nitzsch. 

Aythya affinis. 

Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch. 


Charitonetta albeola. 
LTipeurus squalidus Nitzsch. 


Eniconetta stelleri. 
Tipeurus squalidus Nitzsch. 


Oidemia deglandi. 
TInpeurus constrictus Kellogg. 
Menopon loomisi Kellogg. 
Oidemia perspicillata. 
Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch. 
occidentalis Kellogg. 
Lipeurus constrictus Kellogg. 


86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Oidemia sp. (‘‘ Butter-bill Coot, Oidemia;” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom, An., 
1896, p. 248.) 
Trinoton minor Osborn. 


Erismatura rubida. 
Docophorus icterodes Nitzsch. 
pertusus Nitzsch. 
Lipeurus squalidus Nitzsch. 
Trinoton luridum Nitzsch. 


Anser albifrons. 
LTipeurus jejunus Nitzsch. 


Branta canadensis. 
Ornithobius goniopleurus Denny. 


(?) Olor buccinator. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, pp. 217, 236.) 
Docophorus cygnt Denny. 
Ornithobius cygni Linneus. 


(2) Ajaja ajaja. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 217.) 
Docophorus sphenophorus Nitzsch. 


Guara alba. 
Docophorus bisignatus Nitzsch. 


Botaurus lentiginosus. 
Tipeurus botaurt Osborn. 


Botaurus sp. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom An., 1896, p. 234.) 
LTipeurus leucopygus fasciata Piaget. 


Ardea egretta. 
Colpocephalum laticeps Kellogg. 


Ardea virescens. 
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. 


Grus americana. 
Colpocephalum assimile Piaget. 


Rallus obsoletus. 
Oncophorus bisetosus Piaget, var. californicus Kellogg and Chap- 
man. 
Menopon tridens Nitzsch. 


Rallus virginianus. 
Oncophorus bisetosus Piaget, var. californicus Kellogg and Chap- 
man. : 
Menopon tridens Nitzsch. 


Porzana nove boracensis. 
Oncophorus bisetosus Piaget, var. porzane Piaget. 


NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 


87 


Fulica americana. 
Docophorus graviceps Kellogg. 
minutotrabeculatus Osborn. 
quadraticeps Kellogg. 
pertusus Nitzsch. 
Tipeurus longipilus Kellogg. 
luridus Nitzsch. 
picturatus Kellogg. 
Oncophorus advena Kellogg. 
minutus Nitzsch. 
Lemobothrium atrum Nitzsch. 
Menopon tridens Nitzsch. 
tridens Nitzsch, var. pacificum Kellogg. 
Phalaropus tricolor. 
Nirmus furvus Nitzsch. 


Recurvirostra americana. (‘‘Avocet,” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, 


p. 224.) 
Nirmus signatus Piaget. 
piceus Nitzsch. 

Colpocephalum uniforme Kellogg. 

Menopon indistinctum Kellogg. 
Philohela minor. 

Lipeurus infuscatus Osborn. 

Menopon crocatum Nitzsch. 
Tringa maculata. 

Colpocephalum ochraceum Nitzsch. 


Tringa minutilla. 
Docophorus fusiformis Denny. 
Nirmus complexivus Kellogg and Chapman. 
Tringa sp. 
~ Mrmus fissus Nitzsch, var. major Kellogg. 
Tringa sp. 


Docophorus cordiceps Giebel. ‘ Black-billed Sandpiper” (Osborn; 


Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 217). 
Docophorus fusiformis Denny. 
Calidris arenaria. 
Nirmus actophilus Kellogg and Chapman. 
complexivus Kellogg and Chapman. 


Colpocephalum spinulosum Piaget, var. minor Kellogg and Chap- 


mal. 
Limosa fedoa. 
Nirmus cordatus Osborn. 
Limosa hemastica. 
Nirmus cordatus Osborn. 
Menopon crocatum Nitzseh. 


88 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Bartramia longicauda. 

Docophorus testudinarius Denny. 

Lipeurus infuscatus Osborn. 
Actitis macularia. 

Docophorus cordiceps Giebel. 

Nirmus furvus Nitzsch, var. ravus Kellogg. 
Numenius longirostris. 

Docophorus testudinarius Denny. 


Charadrius squatarola. 
Docophorus fuliginosus Kellogg. 
Nirmus incenis Kellogg and Chapman. 
Colpocephalum timidum Kellogg. 
Charadrius dominicus. 
Nirmus orarius Kellogg. 
Colpocephalum timidum Kellogg. 
AKgialitis vocifera. ; 
Nirmus boephilus Kellogg. 
parallelus Osborn. 
ZEgialitis semipalmata. 
Docophorus fuliginosus Kellogg. 
Nirmus opacus Kellogg and Chapman. 
Colinus virginianus. 
Nirmus abruptus Osborn. 
LTipeurus dissimilis Piaget. 
Goniodes ortygis Piaget. 
Menopon pallescens Nitzsch. 
(2) Colinus virginianus. (‘ Quail;” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, 
p. 230.) 
Gontodes dispar Nitzsch. 
Oreortyx pictus plumiferus. = 
Lipeurus docophoroides Piaget, var. californicus Kellogg and Chap- 
man. 
Callipepla californica. 
Lipeurus docophoroides Piaget. 
Goniodes mammillatus Rudow. 
Dendragopus obscurus fuliginosus. 
LTipeurus perplexus Kellogg and Chapman. 
(2) Dendragopus obscurus richardsoni. (Packard, Ann. Rept. U.S. Geol. 
Survey, 1872, p. 731.) © 
Goniodes merriamanus Packard. 
Lagopus lagopus. 
LTipeurus protervus Kellogg. 
Goniodes mammillatus Rudow. 
Menopon striatum Kellogg. 


No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 89 


Tympanuchus americanus. 
Goniodes cupido Giebel. 


Pedioceetes phasianellus columbianus. 
Lipeurus perplexus Kellogg and Chapman. 
Goniodes mammillatus Rudoay. 


Gallus gallus. 
(2) Colpocephalum longicaudum Piaget. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. 
An., 1896, p. 246.) 


Gallus domesticus. (Domestic fowl.) 
Lipeurus heterographus Nitzsch. 
variabilis Nitzsch. 
Menopon biseriatum Piaget. 
pallidum Nitzsch. 


Meleagris gallopavo. (Turkey.) 
Tipeurus polytrapezius. 
Goniodes stylifer Nitzsch. 

Phasianus nycthemerus. 

Lipeurus introductus Kellogg. 
Goniocotes creber Kellogg. 
Goniodes cervinicornis Giebel. 
Menopon monostechum Kellogg. 


Pavo cristatus. (Peacock.) 
Goniodes falcicornis Nitzsch. 


Columba livia. (Domestic pigeon.) 
Lipeurus baculus Nitzsch. 
Goniocotes compar Nitzsch. 
Goniodes damicornis Nitzsch. 
Colpocephalum longicaudum Piaget. 
Menopon longicephalum Kellogg. 


Elanoides forficatus. (‘‘Swallow-tailed kite;” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. 
An., 1896, p. 246.) 
Colpocephalum flavescens Nitzsch. 
Elanus leucurus. 
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. 
Colpocephalum osborni Kellogg. 
Menopon decoratum Kellogg. 


Elanus sp. (‘4 Milvus sp.”; Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 244.) 
Menopon fulvofasciatum Piaget. 

Circus hudsonius. 
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. 

Accipiter velox. 


Docophorus platystomus Nitzsch. 
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. 


90 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Accipiter atricapillus striatulus. 
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. 


Buteo borealis calurus. 
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. 


Buteo borealis lucusanus. 
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. 


Buteo lineatus. 
Docophorus buteonis Packard. 


Buteo swainsoni. 

Docophorus platystomus Nitzsch. 
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. 

Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis. 
Docophorus taurocephalus Kellogg. 
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. 
Colpocephalum flavescens Nitzsch. 

Aquila chrysaétos. 

Docophorus pictus Giebel. 
_ Colpocephalum flavescens Nitzsch. 

Aquila imperialis. 

Docophorus platystomus Nitzsch. 

Thrasaétos harpyia (‘‘Harpy eagle”; Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, 

p. 247). 
Lemobothrium giganteum Nitzseh. 

Haliaétus leucocephalus. 

Docophorus halieti Osborn. 
Nirmus discocephalus amblys Kellogg. 
LTipeurus pustulatus Osborn. 
Colpocephalum flavescens Nitzsch. 
Falco peregrinus anatum. 
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. 
Falco sparverius deserticola. 
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. 
Falco sparverius peninsularis. 
Nirmus fuscus Nitzsch. 

Polyborus cheriway. 

Nirmus splendidus Kellogg. 
Colpocephalum maculatum Piaget. 

Strix pratincola. 

Docophorus rostratus Nitzsch. 

Asio wilsonianus. 

Docophorus cursor Nitzsch. 

Syrnium nebulosum. 

Docophorus speotyti Osborn. 
syrnvi Packard. 


NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 91 


Scotiaptex cinerea. 
Oncophorus remotus Kellogg and Chapman. 
Bubo virginianus. 
Docophorus bubonis Osborn. 
cursor Nitzsch. 
Colpocephalum subpachygaster Piaget. 
Nyctea nyctea. 
Docophorus ceblebrachys Nitzsch. 
Speotyto cunicularia hypogea. 
Docophorus speotyti Osborn. 
Crotophaga sulcirostris. 
LTipeurus macgregori Kellogg. 
Coccyzus americanus (‘‘ Yellow-billed cuckoo,” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 
1896, p. 222). 
Docophorus coccygt Osborn. 
Coccyzus americanus occidentalis. 
Docophorus latifrons Nitzsch, var. occidentalis Kellogg. 
Coccyzus erythrophthalmus. 
Nirnus fenestratus Nitzseh. 
Piaya cayana thermophila. 
Nirmus atopus Kellogg. 
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. 
Ceryle alcyon. 
Colpocephalum pustulosum Piaget. 
Dryobates villosus. 
Docophorus superciliosus Nitzsch. 
Nirmus candidus Nitzsch. 
Dryobates pubescens. 
Docophorus evagans Rudow. 
Dryobates pubescens gairdneri. 
Menopon funereum Kellogg and Chapman. 
Dryobates nuttalli. 
Docophorus singularis Kellogg and Chapman. 
Xenopicus albolarvatus. 
Docophorus californiensis Kellogg. 
Sphyrapicus thyroideus. 
Docophorus californiensis Kellogg. 
Ceophleus pileatus. 
Nirmus marginatus Osborn. 
Melanerpes formicivorus bairdii. 
Docophorus californiensis Kellogg. 
Melaxerpes formicivorus angustifrons. 
Docophorus californiensis Kellogg. 


92 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Melanerpes carolinus. 
Nirmus candidus Nitzseh. 


Melanerpes uropygialis. 
Menopon precursor Kellogg. 


Melanerpes wagleri. 
Physostomum invadens Kellogg. 


Colaptes auratus. 
Docophorus jungens Kellogg. 
alienus Kellogg. 
Nirmus candidus Nitzsch. 
Chordeiles virginianus henryi. 
Lipeurus macrocephalus Kellogg. 
Cheetura pelagica. 
Niteschia pulicaris Nitzsch. 
dubius Kellogg. 
Trochilus colubris. 
Physostomum lineatum Osborn. 


Trochilus alexandri. 
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. 
Colypte coste. 
Physostomum prominens Kellogg and Chapman. 


Colypte anna. 

Nirmus eustigmus Kellogg. 
Selasphorus rufus. 

Nirmus snodgrassi Kellogg. 
Tyrannus tyrannus. 

Physostomum angulatum Kellogg. 


Tyrannus verticalis. 
Nirmus fedus Kellogg and Chapman. 


Tyrannus atra. 
Docophorus buteonis Packard (probably a case of straggling; see 
Buteo lineatus). 
Tyrannus sp. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 228.) 
Nirmus tyrannus Osborn. 


Myiarchus cinerascens. 
Docophorus communis Nitzseh. 
Jusco-ventralis Osborn. 
rufus Kellogg. 
Nirmus foedus Kellogg and Chapman. 
vulgatus Kellogg. 
Physostomum sp. 
Menopon distinctum Kellogg and Chapman. 


Myiarchus cinerascens nuttingi. 
Docophorus rufus Kellogg. 


No. 1183. - NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 93 


Sayornis saya. 
Nirmus foedus Kellogg and Chapman. 
Physostomum sp. 


Contopus virens. 
Docophorus fuscowentralis Osborn. 
Contopus richardsonii. 
Physostomum sp. = 
Empidonax difficilis. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Nirmus ductilis Kellogg and Chapman. 
vulgatus Kellogg. 
Physostomum sucinaceum Kellogg. 
sp.? 
Elainea subpagana. 
Physostomum pallens Kellogg. 
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. 


Otocoris alpestris. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Otocoris alpestris chrysolema. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Otocoris sp. (Osborn; ‘shore lark.” ) 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis. 
Docophorus communis Nitzseh. 
Nirmus vulgatus Rudow. 


Aphelocoma californica. 
Docophorus communis Nitzseh. 
Menopon persignatum Kellogg and Chapman. 


Corvus corax sinuatus. 
Docophorus distinctus Kellogg. 
Colpocephalum subaequale Nitzsch. 


Corvus americanus. 
Docophorus corvi Osborn. 
Nirmus secundarius Osborn. 
rotundatus Osborn. 
Colpocephalum subaequale Nitzsch. 
Menopon mesoleucum Nitzsch, var. americanum Kellogg. 
interruptus Osborn. 


(2?) Corvus americanus. 
Tipeurus corvi Packard. (Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., p. 221, 
thinks this Lipeurus is an immature specimen of Docophorus 

corvt Osborn. ) 


Dolichonyx oryzivorus. 
Menopon expansum Osborn. 


94 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL, XXII. 


Molothrus ater. 
Docophorus transpositus Kellogg. 


Xauthocephalus xanthocephalus. 
Nirmus ornatissimus Giebel, var. vanthocephali Osborn. 


Agelaius phoeniceus. 

Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 

agelait Osborn. 
Nirmus illustris Kellogg. 
- ornatissimus Giebel. 

Sturnella magna. 

Nirmus picturatus Osborn. 
Sturnella magna neglecta. 

Docophorus communis Nitzseh. 
Icterus galbula. 

Menopon crassipes Piaget. 
Icterus bullocki. 

Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Scolecophagus cyanocephalus. 

Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 


(?) Quiscalus quiscula. (‘¢ Crow-blackbird,” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 


1896, p. 219.) 
Docophorus quiscalt Osborn. 
Amblycercus holosericeus. 
Nirmus virgatus Kellogg. 
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. 
Coccothraustes vespertinus montanus. 
Menopon funereum Kellogg and Chapman. 


_Carpodacus purpureus californicus. 
Docophorus communis Nitzseh. 
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. 


Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis. 
Docophorus communis Nitzseh. 
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. 
Physostomum microcephalum Kellogg. 


Loxia curvirostra minor. 
Docophorus compar Piaget. 


(?) Acanthis linaria (Osborn; Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, p. 224). 


Nirmus cyclothorax Nitzseh. 
Spinus tristis, 
Menopon carduelis Piaget. 
incertum Kellogg. 
Spinus psaltria. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 


No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 


Spinus pinus. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Piectrophenax nivalis. 
Docophorus hamatus Packard. 
Nirmus thoracicus Packard. 


Calcarinus lapponicus. 
Docophorus communis Nitzseh. 
Ammodramus sandwichensis. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Physostomum diffusum Kellogg. 


Chondestes grammacus strigatus. 
Docophorus communis Nitzseh. 
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. 
Menopon incertum Kellogg. 

Zonotrichia leucophrys intermedia. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 


Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. 


Zonotrichia coronata. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. 
Physostomum diffusum Kellogg. 
Menopon mestum Kellogg and Chapman. 
Spizella socialis arizone. 
Docophorus communis. 
Junco hyemalis. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. 
Junco hyemalis oregonus. 
_ Physostomum diffusum Kellogg. 
Junco hyemalis thurberi. 
Docophorus mirinotatus Kellogg and Chapman. 


Junco sp. 


Physostomum diffusum Kellogg, var. pallidum Kellogg. 


Amphispiza belli. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Nirmus lautiusculus Kellogg and Chapman. 


Melospiza fasciata samuelis, 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Colpocephalum chrysopheum Kellogg. 
Menopon mestum Kellogg and Chapman 
Physostomum sp. 


Melospiza fasciata heermanii. 
Colpocephalum grandiculum Kellogg and Chapman. 


96 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL 


Passerella iliaca. 
Physostomum frenatum Nitzsch. 
angulatum Kellogg. 


Pipilo erythrophthalmus. 
Physostomum frenatum Nitzsch. 
Menopon melanorum Kellogg. 


Pipilo maculatus megalonyx. 
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. 
Physostomum sp. 
Pipilo fuscus crissalis. 
Docophorus communis Nitzseh. 
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. 
Colpocephalum grandiculum Kellogg and Chapman. 
Physostomum sp. 


Cardinalis cardinalis. 
Docophorus communis Nitzseh. 


Cardinalis cardinalis igneus. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 


Habia ludoviciana. 

Nirmus pallidus Osborn. 
Habia melanocephala. 

Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 


Guiraca czerulea eurhyncha. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. 


Passerina ameena. 
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. 


, Passerina versicolor. 
Physostomum australe Kellogg. 


Piranga ludoviciana. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Pheenicothraunis fuscicauda. 


Docophorus panamensis Kellogg. 
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. 


Passer domesticus. 
Nirmus cyclothorax Nitzsch. 


Progne subis. 
Docophorus domesticus Kellogg. 
Nirmus gracilis Nitzsch. 
Menopon rusticum Giebel. 
dissimile Kellogg. 


Progne subis hesperus. 
Docophorus domesticus Kellogg. 


NO. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 97 


Petrochelidon lunifrons. 
Docophorus excisus Nitzsch, var. major Kellogg. 
Nirmus longus Kellogg. 
Menopon malleus Nitzsch. 


Chelidon erythrogaster. 

Nirmus longus Kellogg, var. domesticus Kellogg and Chapman. 
Tachycineta bicolor. 

Docophorus excisus Nitzsch, var. major Kellogg. 

Nirmus longus Kellogg. 


Ampelis garrulus. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Nirmus brachythorax Giebel. 


Ampelis cedrorum. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
incisus Kellogg. 
Nirmus brachythorax Giebel. 
Physostomum sp. 


Phainopepla nitens. 
Nirmus fedus Kellogg and Chapman. 
peninsularis Kellogg. 
Lanius borealis. 
Docophorus communis Nitzseh. 
Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides. 
Docophorus communis Nitzseh. 


Lanius ludovicianus gambeli. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Nirmus fedus Kellogg and Chapman. 
Vireo solitarius cassini (plumbeus?). 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Vireo bellii pusillus. 
Physostomum sp. 


Saltator albicollis. 
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. 


Chiroxiphia lanceolata. 
Physostomum invadens Kellogg. 
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. 
Arremonops striaticeps. 
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. 


Protonotaria citrea. 
Physostomum pallens Kellogg. 


Helminthophila celata lutescens. 
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. 
Proce. N. M. vol. xxii——7 


98 


Dendroica estiva, 
Docophorus conmunis Nitzsch. 
Nirmus interpositus Kellogg. 
vulgatus Kellogg. 
Menopon ridulosum Kellogg and Chapman. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Dendroica vieilloti. 
Nirmus interpositus Kellogg, 
Colpocephalum diffusum Kellogg. ‘ 
Icteria virens longicauda. 
Nirmus fedus Kellogg and Chapman. 
Cinclus mexicanus. 
Docophorus laticeps Giebel, var. americanus Kellogg. 
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. 
Galeoscoptes carolinensis. 
Nirmus orpheus Osborn. 


Harporhynchus rufus. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Helodytes brunneicapillus. 
Menopon distinctus Kellogg and Chapman. 
malleus Nitzsch. 


Thryothorus bewicki spilurus. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
mirus Kellogg and Chapman. 
Menopon incertum Kellogg. 
Parus inornatus. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Parus atricapillus occidentalis. 
Docophorus ruttert Kellogg, 
Parus gambeli, 
Nirmus vuigatus Kellogg. 
Parus rufescens neglectus. 
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. 
Psaltriparus minimus. 
Colpocephalum fumidum Kellogg. 
Menopon robustum Kellogg. 
Auriparus flaviceps. 
Nirmus audax Kellogg. 
Regulus satrapa. (‘‘Golden-crowned kinglet;” Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. 
An., 1896, p. 248.) 
Physostomum frenatum Nitzsch. 
Turdus ustulatus. 
Menopon incertum Kellogg. 
Turdus aonalaschke auduboni. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 


No. 1183. NORTH AMERICAN MALLOPHAGA—KELLOGG. 


ides) 
ws) 


Turdus minor. 
Menopon fuscomarginatus Osborn. 

Merula migratoria. 

Docophorus communis Nitzsch 
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. 
simplex Kellogg. 

Sialia sialis. 

Docophorus incisus Kellogg. 
stalit Osborn. 

Sialia mexicanus occidentalis. 
Docophorus communis Nitzsch. 
Nirmus vulgatus Kellogg. 

MAMMALS. 

Cattle. 

Trichodectes scalaris Nitzsch. 

Horse. 

Trichodectes parumpilosus Piaget. 

Goat. 

Trichodectes climax Nitzsch. 
limbatus Gervais. 

Sheep. 

Trichodectes sperocephalus Nitzsch. 

Cat. 

Trichodectes subrostratus Nitzseh. 

Putorius ermineus. 

Trichodectes retusus Nitzsch. 
(?) Putorius vulgaris (‘‘ Weasel”; Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, 
p. 237). 
Trichodectes retusus Nitzsch. 

Erethizon dorsatum. 

Trichodectes setosus Giebel. 

Procyon lotor. 

Trichodectes crassus Nitzsch. 

Geomys bursarius. 

Trichodectes geomydis Osborn. 

Thomomys botte. 

Trichodectes geomydis Osborn. 
(?) Cariacus virginianus (‘‘Deer”); Osborn, Ins. Aff. Dom. An., 1896, 
p. 241). 
Trichodectes parallelus Osborn. 

Cariacus columbianus. 

Trichodectes tibialis Osborn. 

Castor canadensis. 

Trichodectes castoris Osborn. 


100 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXU. 


Spilogale interrupta. 
Trichodectes mephitidis Osborn. 
Mephites mephitica. 
Trichodectes mephitidis Osborn. 
Cavia sobaya. 
Gyropus ovalis Nitzsch. 
gracilis Nitzsch. 


SUMMARY. 


Genera of North American birds from which Mallophaga are 
ECOL oii rcs aye weed Se, ona ge eet ee en 
Species of North American birds from which Mallophaga are 
ROO ROS 0 MRE oMee MMM raids HLM Be Ree a Dae oc 
Species of North American mammals (including domestic ani- 
mals) from which Mallophaga are recorded.........-.-..--.-- 


167 


257 


NEW SPECIES OF NOCTURNAL MOTHS OF THE GENUS 
CAMPOMETRA, AND NOTES. 


By Joun B. Sm1TH, Se. D., 
Rutgers College, New Brunswick, New Jersey. 


The genus Campometra was described in 1852 by Guenee,! and the 
sole species and therefore generic type, amella, was figured (Pl. X VIIT, 
fig. 8). Mr. Grote never positively identified this species, although the 
picture is good and the markings are characteristic. In the Neumoe- 
gen collection he did note, however, to a specimen of Hubolina stylobata 
a Suggestion that it might be C. amella, and that proves to be correct 
without reasonable doubt. I have not seen the Guenée type, but both 
description and picture apply to stylobata and to nothing else. The 
type of stylobata I saw in the collection of the British Museum, and on 
direct comparison with the type of Homoptera integerrima Walker 
found the two identical. 

The synonymy then seems to be fairly well established, as follows: 
Campometra amella GUENEER, Sp. Gen. Noct., III, 1852, p. 25, pl. x vin, fig. 8. 
Homoptera integerrima WALKER, Cat. Brit. Mus., Het., XIII, 1857, p. 1057. 
Homoptera stylobata HARVEY, Can. Ent., VIII, 1876, p. 155. 

EHubolina stylobata GROTE, New List, 1882, p. 42. 

The genus Hubolina was described by Harvey? for his species impar- 
tialis, described at the same time, and that is therefore the type of the 
genus. In 1882 Mr. Henry Edwards described Hubolina mesket, and in 
the same year Mr. Grote referred Homoptera mima Harvey to Hubolina 
in his New List; the genns thus containing four species, two of which 
its describer had not considered as referable to it when they were 
characterized by him. 

EH. impartialis differs in color and general appearance from the allied 
forms, and on the female, which only I have at hand, the middle tibie 
are lengthily spinulated, the clothing close, the armature in a single 
series and very prominent. 

Campometra amella has the legs all shorter and quite densely clothed 
with hair and scales, the middle tibiz with apparently a few scattered 
spinules. In the male there seem to be no sexual tuftings on this 
member. 


1Spec. Gen. Noct., III, p. 25. 
? Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sci., II, 1875, p. 281. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1184. see 


102 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. xxu. 


Homoptera mima has the tibie moderately clothed, not at all spinu- 
lated, in the male with distinct brush-like tufts of scales on the middle 
pair. 

HH. meskei is inaccessible to me at present writing, but its appearance 
is such that I would expect to find it in accord with the generic type, 
and to impartialis and mesket I would tentatively restrict the term 
Bubolina.! 

A close ally of C. amella in structure, size, and general type of macu- 


lation is: 
CAMPOMETRA BILINEATA, new species. 


Ground color umber brown, a little dusted with reddish. Head im- 
maculate. Collar a little paler at base, tipped with steely blackish. 
Thoracic disk intermixed with similar deep blue-black scales, which 
also sprinkle the patagiz and extend over the abdomen. Abdominal 
tuftings brown, gray scales becoming dominant at the sides and beneath. 
Primaries with clean, well-marked ornamentation. Basal line single, 
black, broken, accompanied by a brownish shade which breaks the 
otherwise solidly dark basal space, the tint being bluish black. Trans- 
verse anterior line single, upright, with a small outward bend just 
below the cell. Transverse posterior line single, red brown, irregu- 
larly crenulated, outcurved over the reniform, with a deep acute inward 
tooth in the submedian interspaces. Subterminal line incomplete, 
vaguely defined, white, slender, denticulate in the costal region, lost 
below that point except as it is marked by dusky clouds to vein 2, 
below which it is brown and slender to the margin. A broken blackish 
transverse line just before the margin. Just within the center of the 
wing are two upright, slightly wavy, prominent black lines, just enough 
sey arated to avoid a band. The inner is somewhat narrower, sharper, 
and more intensely black, the outer broader and a little diffuse. Orbicu- 
lar wanting in the specimen. Reniform large, irregularly oval, white, 
with narrow brown central lines. Secondaries a little more powdery and 
diffuse in ground color. A geminate black line at basal third, which 
does not reach either margin. A broad, dusky, submarginal shade, 
which is suffused with rusty reddish at its middle and terminates at 
the anal angle in a steely black spot. A broken, narrow, black termi- 
nal line and the fringes with a crenulated black interline. Beneath 
whitish, powdery, wings darkening outwardly. Primaries with an inner 
dusky band marked on the costa only, and an outer one which extends 
nearly half across the wing. Secondaries with an inner dusky band, 
which forms a lunule in the cell, a broken, diffuse, median shade and a 
submarginal clouding which forms a marked dusky patch above the 
anal angle. 

Expands 1.75 inches=44 mm. 


! Dr. Dyar informs me that the type of meskei is a male, has unarmed middle tibie, 
and no sexual tuftings. On general color and wing form the two may yet be held 
together until more material gives us better basis for other action. 


} 


NO. 1184. _ NEW NOCTURNAL MOTHS—SMITH. 103 


Tyve.—No. 4316, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Brownsville, Texas; June 10; Townsend, No. 544. 

A single female specimen from the U.S. National Museum. The 
resembiance to amella in size, form, and general appearance is obvious; 
but the distinctive feature, the parallel black lines near the center 
of the wing, is equally prominent. A further difference is that in 
amella the subterminal line is well defined, angulated and prominent, 
while in the new species this line is practically obsolete. It should be 
added to the description that an irregularly waved, somewhat diffuse 
bluish black band runs through the subterminal space and crosses the 
subterminal line at its inception on the costa. 


CAMPOMETRA CINCTIPALPIS, new species. 


Ground color a deep purplish red-brown, the primaries with elevated 
black, squamose vestiture that gives a velvety appearance. Front 
with a paie yellowish, transverse band, a pale tuft at base of each: 
antenna, and the palpi pale banded. Thorax purplish without defined 
markings, Primaries with an intermingling of pale and yellowish 
seales that gives a somewhat mossy appearance and obscures the ordi- 
nary maculation. Basal line faintly traceable by black scales. Trans- 
verse anterior line upright, blackish, a little wavy, preceded by a 
purplish shade which is itself limited by a darker brown, diffuse, 
Shading; followed by a mossy brown shade line. A narrow, black, 
irregular median line of elevated scales. ‘Transverse posterior line 
narrow, black, irregularly waved and toothed, squarely exserted 
over the reniform and almost as squarely inset beneath it; followed at 
some distance by a broader, less defined, and more even brown shading. 
Subterminal line distinet, pale, irregularly but not greatly sinuated. 
Orbicular small, round, incompletely and obscurely brown ringed and 
with a brown central dot. Reniform not defined, marked by a small 
upper and larger lower white spot, the two connected by a narrow, white 
line. Secondaries uniform smoky brown, the fringes with a pale inter- 
line. Beneath, primaries smoky, powdery, with a partial extramedian 
transverse line. Secondaries whitish, powdery at base, with a brown 
diseal spot and a crenulated brown median line, beyond which the wing 
is brown nearly to the margin, which is again whitish. 

Expands 1.35 inches=34 mm. 

Type.—No. 4315, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Cocoanut Grove, Florida; E. A. Schwarz. 

A single defective female from the U.S. National Museum. ‘The 
apices of both wings are rubbed and broken, but the specimen is other- 
wise very fair, all the markings being discernible on one side or the 
other. It is the darkest species of the genus and has no contrasts in 
maculation. The immaculate secondaries will further serve to differen- 
tiate it from the other described forms. The middle tibia seems to have 
no obvious spinose armature, but has a central ring tuft of scales. 


104 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


CAMPOMETRA MIMA Harvey. 


The most common of the species, and as they run, very sharply defined. 
The transverse anterior line is geminate, both defining lines black, rather 
widely separated, the intervening space dusky so as to form an evenly 
outcurved dusky band. The transverse posterior line is also black, 
well marked, and squarely exserted beyond the reniform. A yellowish 
or reddish brown shade lightens the wing and dominates the impression 
gained by an ordinary examination of the species. 

The middle tibiz are unarmed and in the male have a very heavy 
scale tuft; but there are no hair pencils. 

Tene specimens are under examination: San Diego, Texas, April 
26, May 25; Bastrop County, and other Texan localities; Florence, 
Tucson, Catalina Springs April 11, Oracle, July 21, and other locali- 
ties in Arizona. The tendency in the variation is to a more indistinct 
maculation. 


CAMPOMETRA FRATERNA, new species. 


Resembles mima in all essential characters and differs from that 
species in the powdery, uniform ashen gray primaries lacking the 
brownish shadings, and on which the maculation is only feebly writ- 
ten. The transverse anterior line shows no tendency to band and, 
while the other lines and shades of mina are all traceable, none are 
well marked. In the structure of the middle tibie of the male the 
species is like its ally. 

Type.—No. 4313, U.S.N.M. 

I have six specimens, five of them females, from Death Valley (April), 
Oracle (July 7), and Catalina Springs (May 5), Arizona. All are from 
the U.S. National Museum, collected by Messrs. Koebele or Hubbard 
and Schwarz. 


CAMPOMETRA MINOR, new species. 


Smaller than mima throughout, few of the specimens exceeding and 
some not reaching 26 mmn., or a trifle over 1 inch, the primaries even, 
powdery gray, none of the markings well written, though so far as 
traceable, similar to mima, It is a slighter, narrower winged form than 
fraterna, which equals mima in average size and has the primaries 
more squared. No male of this species has been available. Of the 
five females four are from the Hulst collection, probably taken near 
Tucson Arizona, and one is from Catalina Springs (April 11), taken by 
Mr. Schwarz. The latter has a white shading over the reniform, 
extending beyond the transverse posterior line almost to the subter- 
minal line, the edges of this shade being indefined. The smoky margin 
of the secondaries is narrower than in the allied forms and there is less 
tendency to a banding. 

Type.—No. 4314, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1184. NEW NOCTURNAL MOTHS—SMITH. 105 


Altogether the species are left in a somewhat unsatisfactory condi- 
tion. Amella, bilineata, and cinctipalpis are probably congeneric and, 
except for a doubt about the armature of cinctipalpis, are strictly 
referable to Campometra. 

Mima, fraterna, and minor are close allies, yet I think, distinct, and 
they differ from Campometra in the totally unarmed middle tibia, which 
in the male is very heavily clothed with long scales forming a real 
tufting. I prefer leaving them with Campometra temporarily, until all 
the allied genera can be carefully studied, but suggest the term Heter- 
anassa in case generic separation seems desirable. 


SYNOPSIS OF THE SOLENID® OF NORTH AMERICA AND 
THE ANTILLES. 


By WiLu1AmM H. DALL, 


Curator, Division of Mollusks. 


In revising the group for the purpose of monographing the fossil 
species So many changes in nomenclature and distribution were found 
to be involved that it was thought the following summary would prove 
useful to students of the recent forms: 


EAST AMERICAN SPECIES. 
Genus S@LEIN (Linmcus, 1758) Scopolk 1777: 


(Vagina Megerle, 1811; + Hypogwa and Hypogeoderma Poli, 1791-1795; + Listera, 
Leach manuscript, Gray, 1852.) Type, Solen marginatus Pulteney. 


1. Solen viridis Say, 1822; Rhode Island (Totten) to Georgia (Postell). 


Section SOLENA Morch, 1852. 


(Solena sp. Browne, nonbinomial, 1756; + Hypogella Gray, 1854.) Type, 8S. 
obliqua Spengler = 8S. ambiguus Lamarck. 
2. Solen (Solena) obliqua Spengler, 1793; Cuba, Porto Rico, St. 
Thomas. 
S. rudis Sowerby, 1874, not C. B. Adams, 1852; + philippinarwm 
Sowerby, 1874, not Hanley, 1845, are synonymous. 


Genus ENSIS Schumacher, 1817. 


(Ensatella Swainson, 1840, -- Solen Leach, 1852.) Type, Ensismagnus Schumacher. 


1. Ensis directus Conrad, 1843; Labrador to Indian Key, Florida. 
Pliocene to recent. 

i. ** americana Beck” of H. and A. Adams, 1856, is probably a manu- 
script name. Solen stliqua Chickering, 1855, not Linnzeus, 1758, is a 
synonym. This species was generally confounded with Solen magnus 
of Schumacher, under the name of Solen ensis Linneeus, by the earlier 
American authors. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S, NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1185. 107 


108 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


2. Ensis minor Dall; Cape May to Florida and Texas. 

This is Solon ensis var. minor of some of the earlier writers, and bears 
to E. directus the same relation that Mnsis ensis Linneeus of Kurope 
does to the north European H. magnus Schumacher. It differs from 
the young of H. directus in having the valves wider behind than in 
front and relatively narrower as a whole. 


Genus SILIQUA Megerle, 1811. 


(Leguminaria Schumacher, 1817; + solecurtus A Blainville, 1825; + Aulus Oken, 
1835, not Oken 1815; + Solecurtoides Desmoulins, 1832; + Solenocurtus 
Sowerby, 1839; + Machewra Gould, 1841.) Type, Solen radiatus Linnzeus. 

1. Siliqua squama Blainville, 1824; Grand Banks of Newfoundland 
and Gulf of St. Lawrence. 

This is Machera nitida Gould, 1841, and Cultellus medius Sowerby 
nee Gray), Conch. Icon., 1874. 

2. Siliqua costata Sm, 1822; Gulf of St. Lawrence south to Cape 

Hatteras, North Carolina, in suitable localities. 

The following are synonymous names: Solecurtoides nahantensis Des- 
moulins, 1832; S. sayi Gray, 1833; S. radiatus Ravenel (not Linnzeus), 
1834; Oultellus grayanus Sowerby (not Dunker?), 1874; Cultellus sub- 
sulcatus Sowerby, 1874; Cuitellus belchert (as of Gray, manuscript) 
Sowerby, 1874; not C. costatus Middendorf, 1847, nor Sowerby, 1874. 


Genus PSAMMOSOLEN Risso, 1826. 


(= Psammobia Risso, 1826, err. typ.; + Solecurtus B, Blainville, 1825; +- Macha 
Oken, 1835; + Adasius Leach, 1852; not Macha Philippi, 1853, nor Psam- 
mosolen Hupé, 1854.) Type, Solen strigilatus Linnzeus. 

1. Psammosolen sancte-marthe (Chemnitz) Orbigny, 1853; North 
Carolina, Bermuda, the Antilles, and south to Rio Janeiro (Dunlap). 

2. Psammosolen cumingianus Dunker, 1861; North Carolina, to Texas 
and Sao Paulo, Brazil. 


WEST AMERICAN SPECIES. 


Genus SOLEN (Linneeus) Seopoli. 


1. Solen sicarius Gould, 1850; Vancouver Island to San Pedro, Cali- 
fornia; Japan, A. Adams (?). 

2. Solen rosaceus Carpenter, 1853; Santa Barbara, California, south 
to the Gulf of California; La Paz. 

3. Solen mexicanus Dall; west coast of Tehuantepec, Mexico. 

4, Solen (Solena) rudis C. B. Adams, 1852; Panama. 

Confounded with S. obliquus Spengler of the Antilles by Clee 
and Sowerby. 


Genus ENSIS Schumacher. 


1. Ensis californicus Dall; Monterey, California, south to the Gulf of 
California; La Paz. 


No. 1185. SYNOPSIS OF THE SOLENIDA—DALL. 109 


Genus SILIQUA Megerle. 


1. Siliqua lucida Conrad, 1838; Monterey to San Diego, California. 

Confounded with the young of S. nuttallii by Carpenter, 1863, and 
Gabb, 1868; also, according to Conrad, with S. radiata Linneus. 

2, Siliqua media Gray, 1839; Okhotsk and Bering seas and north- 
ward to the Arctic Ocean at Cape Lisburne. 

Machera costata Middendorf, 1851, not Say, 1822; + S. borealis Con- 
rad, 1867, not Cultellus mediws Sowerby, Conch. Icon., 1874, = S. squama 
Blainville. 

3. Siliqua patula Dixon, 1788,-Okhotsk Sea; the southern border of 
Bering Sea, and the Gulf of Alaska to Sitka. 

Described from Cooks Inlet, Alaska. The following names are 
synonyms: Solen maximus Wood, 1815, not Gmelin, 1792; S. gigas 
Dillwyn, 1817; S. grandis (Hinds Manuscript as of Gmelin) Dunker, 
1861, and Carpenter, 1863; S. splendens Chenu, 1845 and 1862. Large; 
with submedian beaks and straight rib. The following are discrimina- 
ble varieties, but apparently connected by gradations with the typical 
S. patula. 

4, Siliqua (patula var.) alta Broderip and Sowerby, 1829; Bering Sea 
and Strait. 

This is figured under the name of Culiellus costatus by Sowerby, 
Conch. Icon., 1874, but is not the costatus of Say. It is short and broad 
with very anterior beaks and straight rib. 

5, Stiliqua (patula var.) nuttallic Conrad, 1838, Lituya Bay, Alaska, 
south to Oregon, and California as far as Monterey. 

S. americana Chenu, 1845, may be the same, but I do not know it; 
S. californica Conrad, 1868, and 8S. nuttalt Sowerby, 1874, are synony- 
mous. The shell is very straight, brilliantly polished, narrower than 
the typical S. patula and with a much more oblique rib. The beaks 
are less anterior than in S. alta. 


NOTES. 


Solen tenuis Broderip and Sowerby, 1829, is unidentifiable, from the 
absence of a figure and the excessive brevity of the description. It is 
not the S. tenuis Gray, in Griffith’s Cuvier, 1833. It was collected by 
Belcher, whose shells came mostly from northwest America. 

Solen “ lineatus Spengler,” appears in Moérch’s Catalogue of Poulsen’s 
West India shells. It is probably intended for S. linearis Spengler (in 
Chemnitz) and may have been based on a misidentified specimen of 
Ensis nvinor. 

Solen niveus Hanley is listed by Guppy in his Paria fauna, 1877, and 
was perhaps based on a young specimen of WS. obliquus Spengler, or the 
following species: 

Solen lappeanus Dunker, Moll. Marina, 1858, is said to be from the 
Antilles, but has not been reported from that region by anyone else. 
Externally it is not unlike 8. viridis Say. 


IK) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE UM. VOL. XXII. 


Aulus (= Siliqua) rostratus Dunker, 1861, figured by Sowerby, Conch. 
Icon., 1874, is said to be from the Arctic Ocean, but this is certainly 
erroneous. Solen radiatus Linnzus, appears in Pfeiffer’s list of Cuban 
sheils,! but the shell intended was very likely Tagelus divisus Spengler. 
No species of Siliqua is known from Cuba. 

Krebs cites Machera lucida “Gould,” from Morch’s Yoldi catalogue, 
as Central American; but this is doubtless M. lucida of Conrad, from 
the Pacific coast of Central America. 

There is no large species of Hnsis on the west coast of America corre- 
sponding to the H#. magnus and EH. directus of the northern Atlantic, 
though the H. californicus is the exact analogue of the European L. ensis 
and the east American H. minor. Among the Siliquas on the two sides 
of the continent 8S. alta and S. squama, S. media and S. costata, are 
respectively analogous, while S. lucida finds its counterpart in the 
S. pulchra of Japan. 


SOLEN MEXICANUS, new species. 


Shell small, straight, parallel-sided, with anterior beaks, the anterior 
end obliquely truncate; the posterior end squarely truncate with the 
corners slightly rounded off; hinge with the teeth normal, the ligament 
unusually long in a very narrow groove; shell white, covered with a 
polished olivaceous epidermis, longitudinally striate near the ventral 
edges of the valves. Length of shell, 60 mm.; of ligament, 11 mm.; 
width of valves, 8.5 mm.; diameter, 5.5 mm. 

Type.—No. 120634, U.S.N.M. Specimen from the Gulf of Tehuan- 
tepec. 

This species recalls the Solen linearis of Chemnitz, which, however, 
is considerably longer in proportion to its width. 


ENSIS CALIFORNICUS, new species. 


Shell small, slender, arcuate, the sides nearly parallel, the valves being 
Slightly attenuated toward the ends, beaks anterior, the anterior trun- 
cation bluntly rounded, the posterior similar; color white with livid 
pink streaks concentrically disposed; epidermis olivaceous brilliantly 
polished; hinge with small and very delicate cardinals (usually broken 
off), one in the right and two in the left valve, the dorsal ridge compara- 
tively strong and elevated, shorter than the ligainent. Length of shell, 
60 mm.; of dorsal tooth or ridge, 5.2 mm.; of ligament, 9 mm.; width 
of shell, 7 mm.; perpendicular to the chord of the are formed by the 
dorsal.margin of the valves, 2 mm. 

Type.—No. 158891, U.S.N.M. Specimen from 14 fathoms sand, off the 
island of San Pedro Martir, Gulf of California. Some specimens reach 
a length of 85 mm. 

This species recalls small specimens of the east American E. minor, 
which, however, differs by being wider distally than in front, larger 
when adult, with proportionately wider and more arcuate valves. 


1 Archir fiir Naturgeschichte, 1840, p. 261. 


NO. 1185. SYNOPSIS OF THE SOLENIDA—DALL. 111 


In this connection I may add some supplementary data to my 
“Synopsis of the Psammobiidz,”! which have come to hand since that - 
article was printed. 

Tagelus gibbus Spengler, as typically restricted, passes as far south 
as St. Thomas, West Indies, and probably to the northeast shores of 
Brazil. The variety called T. platensis by @Orbigny differs by being 
shorter and more attenuated behind, and I have seen it only from the 
southern coast of Brazil and Uruguay. Im all the typical species of 
Tagelus the posterior end is shorter than the anterior, the pallial sinus 
is deep, reaching to or forward of the perpendicular from the umbones, 
and the posterior adductor scar is rounded. The teeth are simple, 
erect, pedunculated, two in each valve. There is no central constric- 
tion or internal rib. Curiously enough, the shell figured by H. and A. 
Adams to illustrate Tagelus (or Siliquaria) gibbus is a Novaculina, 
while they describe the teeth as 3:2 (which is the dentition of Novacu- 
lina) and the sinus as deep beyond the umbones, which belongs to 
Tagelus and is untrue of Novaculina. 

Owing to the fact that a number of externally similar but really dif: 
ferent shells have been confused, the diagnoses of these groups are 
frequently inaccurate, and I have therefore reviewed the question in 
the light afforded by the specimens. The following are the characters: 


Genus NOVACULINA Benson, 1880. 


Type.—N. gangetica Benson. 

Beaks subanterior; teeth (when fully developed) three in the left and 
two in the right valve; the anterior left tooth often obsolete or wanting, 
the anterior right tooth bifid; there is no median constriction, the pal- 
lial sinus is small, not reaching the beaks, the posterior adductor scar 
rounded; the scar of the ventral side of the sinus not coalescent with 
the pallial line below it; situs in fresh water. 


Section CLUNACULUM Dall. 


Type.—Solecurtus mollis (Gould) Sowerby, Conch. Icon. Solecurtus, 
1874, pl. VI, fig. 26; coast of Brazil and Uruguay. 

Valves obliquely constricted, the constriction reflected by an internal 
thickened elevation (not a clavicle); beaks subanterior; teeth, two in 
the left and two in the right valve, the posterior left tooth bifid, in 
some of the species there is an obsolete tooth behind it; the pallial 
sinus not reaching the beaks, the posterior adductor scar triangular, 
the scar of the sinus coalescent ventrally with the pallial line; situs 
marine. 

Genus TAGELUS Gray, 1847. 

Type.—Solen gibbus Spengler. 

Valves not constricted and without a clavicle; beaks medium or sub- 
posterior; teeth simple, pedunculate, two in each valve; pallial sinus 


' Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1898, pp. 57-62. 


112 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIL 


deep, reaching to or beyond the beaks, posterior adductor scar rounded, 
the scar of the sinus coalescent ventrally with the pallial line; situs 
estuarine or marine. 

Section MESOPLEURA Conrad, 1867. 


Type.—NSolen divisus Spengler. 

Valves arcuate, not constricted, but with a more or less perfectly 
developed clavicular rib extending ventrally from the submedian beaks, 
otherwise as in Tagelus. 

Gray in 1854 included species of Clunaculum under Novaculina as well 
as some species of true Tagelus like T. dombuji. I have not been able 
to examine all the described species, but Solen constrictus Lamarck, cer- 
tainly, and probably S. inequalis and S. complanatus Sowerby, belong 
to Clunaculum. 

TAGELUS POEYI, new species. 


Shell resembling a young 7. gibbus, but with more equal and evenly 
rounded ends, the beaks median, the teeth slender, long, but quite 
small, the nymphs for the ligament shorter and more central, the whole 
of the ventral side of the pallial sinus coalescent with the pallial line. 
Shell white, covered with a pale ashy gray, dehiscent epidermis; the 
anterior dorsal margin slightly decurrent. Length, 50 mm.; altitude, 
18 mm.; diameter, 11.5 mm. 

Types.—No. 27425, U.S.N.M., from Cuba (Poey); also from mouth 
of Old River, Belize (Stanton); beach at Greytown, Nicaragua (Dall); 
and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (Ihering). 

This species can be instantly distinguished from 7. gibbus by the dif- 
ferent form of the pallial sinus and the different position of the beaks. 
It does not appear to attain more than half the size of the full grown 
T. gibbus. 

Specimens of 7. gibbus collected at Matagorda Bay, Texas, by Sing- 
ley, of a light but distinct yellow color, are in the national collection, 
and more recently Hon. J. D. Mitchell has sent specimens, of which he 
has several in his collection, of a decided pink color, from the same 
vicinity. Both form a decided contrast to the white or slightly ferru- 
ginous tint of the average specimens of this species. 


4 


THE OSTEOLOGY AND RELATIONSHIP OF THE PERCOI- 
DEAN FISH, DINOLESTES LEWINI. 


By EDWIN CHAPIN STARKS, 


Assistant Professor in the Department of Biology and Curator of the Musewm, University 
of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 


As a preliminary to this paper I will quote a paragraph from a paper 
by Dr. Theodore Gill, ““On the identity of Hsox lewint with the Dino- 
lestes miillert of Klunzinger,” published about twenty-five years ago 
in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History. In it he gives the 
following concise history of Dinolestes: 


In the tenth volume (‘‘the class Pisces”) of the ‘‘Animal Kingdom” of Cuvier, 
edited by Edward Griffith (1834), are a figure (plate 60) and a brief notice (p. 465) 
of a fish which has long been a puzzle to me. It is called Hsox lewini and only 
noticed as follows: ‘‘Our figure of Esox lewini is from a drawing by Mr. Lewin, made 
in New Holland, of a species not hitherto noticed.” It was evident that the species 
thus named belonged neither to the genus Hsox nor anywhere near it; and (1) the 
relations of the fins, (2) the position of the ventrals with a spine and five rays each, 
(3) the form of the head, and (4) the teeth indicated for it affinity to Chilodipterus and 
allied forms; but no first dorsal fin was represented. The question then arose 
whether that fin had been atrophied (as in Aspidophoroides, Gobiopus, etc.) or (as was 
more likely) had been overlooked. After nearly forty years the species has been 
recovered, and singularly enough, after having escaped the observation of the num- 
erous collectors in the Australian seas for so long a time,' has in the same year been 
obtained and described by three different naturalists under as many names, viz, Dino- 
lestes miilleri by Klunzinger, Neosphyrena multiradiata by Castelnau, and Lanioperca 
mordax by Giinther. There can be no question about at least the generic identity of 
the Hsox lewini with the fishes described by the three contemporaries; and it now 
appears that the first dorsal fin exists, but is quite small, and sustained by only four 
or five spines. Klunzinger and Castelnau refer the type to the family Sphyrenide, 
and Giinther (with more justification I think) to the ‘‘Apogonina,” i. e., Chilodip- 
teride. 


This work was undertaken at Dr. Gill’s suggestion in the hope of 
finding, in a comparative study of the skeleton of Dinolestes with those 
of the Sphyrenide and the Cheilodipteride, some characters that 


'It is said, however, by Castelnau to be common [at Melbourne] in the months of 
May, June, and July; itattains 2 feet in length. The fishermen call it ‘‘ Ship Jack,” 
but that name is more particularly applied to Temnodon saltator. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1186. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 8 118 


114 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


would decide the question on which the authorities disagreed, as shown 
in the last sentence quoted from the above paper. 

It would appear an easy matter to place this form under one or the 
other of two families arranged in different suborders, as the Sphyrzn- 
ide and Cheilodipteridz usually are: but the fact that two of the 
authorities consider it under one family and two under the other, indi- 
cates how close the resemblance must be to either. 

Sphyrena argentea is the form chosen to represent the family Sphy- 

renidz, while the only representative procurable of the Cheilodipter- 
idz was Apogon maculatus. 

The skeleton of Apogon was found to be of but little pasieienoe’ in this 
comparison. Though being undoubtedly Percoid, it differs as much 
from Dinolestes as they both differ from the more generalized Percoids, 
such as the bass or perch. Considering the difference between Dino- 
lestes and Apogon in external appearance, we have probably little reason 
to expect the internal resemblance to be otherwise. Perhaps if one of 
the Sphyrena-like Cheilodipteroids could be examined there would be 
a closer resemblance. 

To be sure Dinolestes differs from Apogon only in shape and compar- 
ative size of elements (that is, comparative between corresponding 
elements of each species), and not in arrangement, or lack or posses- 
sion of elements; but it is so very different in shape of cranium, form 
of body, and shape of fins that it would seem better to consider the 
Cheilodipteroid side of the question partly by considering the Percoid 
fishes more or less as a whole. Though, of course, if it is placed with 
the Percoids it is only under the family Cheilodipteridz, as the Per- 
coids are now arranged, that Dinolestes could be admitted. 

Were it not that the ventrals of Dinolestes are apparently thoracie, it 
might appear after a superficial external examination to be related to 
Sphyrena. The long head, projecting lower jaw, fanglike teeth, and 
elongate preorbital region are very Sphyrena-like. The shape of the 
body and dorsal fins are also suggestive of that relationship. 

In internal characters we find that the ethmoid is wide and flat, some- 
what overlying the vomer and prefrontals instead of being interposed 
between them. This is the condition found in Sphyrena. The nasals 
are very much like those of Sphyrena, being long-and channeled and 
attached by their sides to the ethmoid for nearly their whole length. 
This, however, is probably caused by the elongate snout, and goes with 
it as a part in keeping with the surrounding conditions. It disposes of 
the characters by which an alliance with Sphyrena could be proved. 

Though the shape of the body and head, the canine teeth, and dorsal 
fins exhibit perhaps a closer superficial resemblance to the Sphyranidz 
than to the Cheilodipteridz, there are forms to be found in the latter 
family which approach this Sphyrena-like appearance also. These 
characters therefore denote nothing in favor of either relationship. 
The characters of the ethmoid and nasals are the only characters pos- 
sessed by Sphyrena in common with Dinolestes that are not also slfared 


NO. 1186. RELATIONSHIP OF DINOLESTES LEWINI—STARKS. 115 


in by members of the family Cheilodipteride. They are of no great 
importance. 

_ his, as has been said, is without considering the position of the 
ventrals. As the Percoid fishes have thoracic ventrals, and the mem- 
bers of the suborder Percesoces, under which the Sphyrenid is 
placed, have abdominal ventrals, it is difficult to see how Dinolestes 
could have been thought to be related to Sphyrena unless the ventrals 
were interpreted as being abnormally anterior abdominal ventrals. 
The ventrals, however, prove to be typical thoracic ventrals with the 
anterior point of the pelvic girdle interposed and attached between 
the opposing clavicles near their lower end above their symphysis. 
Anterior abdominal ventrals might have the point of the pelvic girdle 
touching the clavicles or even extending slightly under them, but 
never interposed between them. 

Another character that refutes the Sphyrzenoid relationship of Dino- 
lestes is the lack of the long processes developed backward from the 
epiotics and supraoccipital crest, which are possessed in a greater or 
less degree by all the Percesoces and reaches its greater development 
in Sphyrena. 

A more important difference is the structure of the teeth. Though 
both Dinolestes and Sphyrena have large backward-directed canines, 
they are entirely different in the way in which they are attached to 
the bone of the jaw. The calcified tooth substance of the teeth of 
Dinolestes reaches only to the bone, where it is anchylosed or so incor- 
porated with the bone as to make it difficult to distinguish the line of 
junction. This attachment is effected by what Tomes calls “bone of 
attachment.” A substance resembling cement, but unlike true cement, 
is developed from the periosteum rather than from the dental capsule. 
Such teeth may be developed from sockets, but as the calcified tooth 
substance 1s pushed out the cavity behind fills with the bone of attach- 
ment and becomes obliterated. The dentine never extends into a 
cavity of the bone in the mature tooth. This is a Percoid character. 

The teeth of Sphyrena, on the other hand, are set in sockets. The 
attachment of teeth in alveoli is of such rare occurrence among fishes 
and must be so deep seated that we can hardly interpret it as less than 
a family character. Mr. W. G. Ridewood, in a paper,' has this to say 
in regard to this class of teeth: 

The tooth and bone are in organic continuity by means of a periosteal layer com- 
mon to the tooth and the jaw; and this layer may remain uncalecified so that the 
teeth can be pulled out of their sockets, as in some Caracinoid fishes; or ‘‘ bone of 
attachment” may, except in young teeth, anchylose the tooth to the wall of the 
socket, e. g., Sphyrena. 

But whether or not the tooth becomes cemented in, the enamel and 
dentine extend into a cavity and do not become incorporated with the 
bone. 


‘Natural Science, VIII, June, 1896, p. 383. 


116 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XU. 


There is also a difference in the shape of the teeth of Sphyrena and 
Dinolestes. Those of the former are lancelike—that is, compressed 
laterally and with cutting edges. Those of the latter are round in 
transverse section. 

The vertebre of Dinolestes are typical, or in general resembling the 
Percoids and most bony fishes in that they are of moderate length and 
not much constricted in the middle. They have parapophyses devel- 
oped behind the fourth vertebra, two pits on the side of each vertebra 
separated by a longitudinal ridge, and the abdominal vertebre with a 
pit on the ventral side with ridges on each side of it. The vertebre of 
Sphyrena are long and smooth with scarcely any pits, much constricted 
in the middle, making them hourglass shaped, and wel only one or 
two pairs of parapophyses. 

The shape of the cranium of Dinolestes is also more typically Percoid 
in appearance than Sphyrenoid with the slightly rising supraoccipital 
crest and more wedge-shaped lateral view. 

A recapitulation with these points condensed will show at once the 
affinity of Dinolestes to the Cheilodipteride. 

1. The Percoid appearing cranium. 

2. The thoracic ventrals. 

3. The anchylosed teeth rather than teeth in sockets. 

4, The character of the vertebrae, typical; not specialized as in ~ 
Sphyrena. 

5. The lack of the long posterior processes from the epioties. 

These conclusions are fortified by the following description. 


DINOLESTES LEWINI. 


Esox lewinit GRIFFITH (2), Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom, Griffith ed., X (1834), 
p. 465, pl. 60. 

Dinolestes miilleri KLUNZINGER, Archiy fiir Nat., 38. Jahrg. 1 (1872), p. 30; Hobson 
Bay, South Australia. 

Neosphyrana multiradiata CASTELNAU, Proc. Zool. and Acclim. Soe. Victoria, I 
(1872), p. 96; Melbourne. 

Lanioperca mordax GUNTHER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., X, (September, 
1872), p. 183; Tasmania. 

Dinolestes lewint Grtu, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., XIV (1874), p. 160. 


DIAGNOSIS. 


Body rather elongate; preorbital region produced; mouth large, the 
lower jaw projecting; canine teeth on lower jaw posteriorly and on 
premaxillaries at their symphysis; sharp, cardiform teeth in a single 
row on jaws, vomer and palatines; an inner row of villiform teeth on 
premaxillaries; three toothed superior pharyngeals; lower pharyngeals 
rather narrow, separate; gill rakers long and slender, about 4 + 13; 
opercles without spines or ridges; branchiostegals 7; Suesilaes wai 
supplemental bone; nasals elongate, attached by hele sides for nearly 
their whole length; parietals separated; ethmoid somewhat overlying 
prefrontals and vomer; posttemporal forked; postclavicle of two parts; 


NO. 1186. RELATIONSHIP OF DINOLESTES LEWINI—STARKS. ilelay 


basisphenoid with a descending process; myodome present with a | 
small pore to the exterior posteriorly; no suborbital shelf; vertebrie 
27; parapophyses present on ail abdominal vertebre except first 3; 
seales cycloid; maxillaries, cheeks, opercles, and lower jaw with scales; 
lateral line straight, running well out on base of caudal, scales along 
its course systematically crowded; base of anal, soft dorsal, and caudal 
with small scales; anal with 2 spines and about 26 rays; dorsals remote, 
the first of about 5 slender spines, the second with 1 spine and about 
18 rays; ventrals with 1 spine and 5 rays each; inters pinous bones not 
extending between vertebral spines. 


OSTEOLOGY. 


Cranium, as viewed from above, rather elongate and narrow. Inter- 
orbital region a flattish area with the sides nearly parallel the greater 
part of its length, occupying at least a third of length of cranium. 
Preorbital region elongate, not tapering till near end, occupying 
another third of length of cranium. Region surrounding foramen 
magnum slightly produced. Lateral view of cranium tapering rather 
regularly to vomer. 

Supraoccipital interposed between exoccipitals nearly to their poste- 
rior ends; its crest developed superiorly and posteriorly, scarcely 
extending past exoccipitals posteriorly. 

Exoccipitals broadly meeting above basioccipital, entirely surround- 
ing foramen magnum. 

Parietals widely separated by supraoccipital, not extending over 
epiotics. : 

Epiotices with scarcely any process. 

Prootics, opisthotics, sphenotics, and pterotics typical; that is, 
Percoid-like. . 

Alisphenoids widely separated. The anterior opening into brain 
case large. 

Basisphenoid present; a foramen between it and basis cranii. <A 
slender process descending from it and attached to parasphenoid. 

Myodome present; opening to the exterior at its posterior end 
through an extremely small foramen. 

Parasphenoid spreading out wide posteriorly. 

Vomer bearing sharp short teeth in a single row around its anterior 
edges. Teeth becoming smaller anteriorly. 

Prefrontals large and rather elongate, the olfactory foramen scarcely 
behind middle. 

Ethmoid entirely superior to prefrontals and vomer, widely overly- 
ing them and extending to edge of rostrum. A raised area along its 
middle. 

Nasals thin elongate rods of bone attached by their sides to ethmoid 
for nearly their whole length; their length over a fourth that of 
cranium. 

Preorbital longer than wide; its outline triangular. 


118 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Suborbital ring of the usual number of five bones with a sensory 
canal through them. No suborbital shelf.’ 

Opercle without ridges or spines on outer surface. On inner sur- 
face a sharp horizontal ridge runs posteriorly from its condyle with 
hyomandibular. 

Subopercle extending around lower corner of opercle, upward and 
backward, forming lower part of posterior opercular angle. 

Interopercle very broadly attached to subopercle at its upper posterior 
side. 

Preopercle with ridge and sensory canal as usual. 

Lower limb of hyomandibular rather long and rod-like. | 

Palato-pterygoid process very long and stout. A single row of small 
teeth along lower edge extending anteriorly upon a process beyond 
main part of palatine somewhat similar to the usual process from upper 
edge of that bone. Suspensorium otherwise typical. 

Lower jaw heavy and long. The articular half as wide as long. 
Teeth in a single row upon dentary, three or four canines present 
posteriorly. 

Angular present, rather small. 

Maxillary with long supplemental bone along posterior edge. 

Premaxillary rather slender, much widened at middle into a wide 
process which extends behind maxillary; its lower end very slender. 
A single row of elongate pointed or small canine teeth along its edge, 
largest medially, growing gradually smaller toward each end. Inside 
of this row a villiform band, widest medially. At upper end of each 
maxillary are two large canines anchylosed immovably, the posterior 
pair much hooked back. ; 

Clavicle and hypercoracoid typical, or as in the Percoids. 

Hypocoracoid as usual broadly joined at upper end to clavicle and 
hypercoracoid, thence arching away and touching lower end of clavicle 
again with a rather slender process. Besides this, from its middle, run- 
ning through the usual interspace between it and clavicle, is another 
process flat and thin, but strengthened through its middle, reaching to 
and joined to clavicle. 

Actinosts four, rather short. 

Pectoral not nearer upper end of clavicle than is usual in the Percoids, 
its upper ray working directly upon hypercoracoid. 

Posteclavicle in two parts, the inferior very long. 

Supraclavicle of moderate length. 

Post-temporal widely forked; its articulation with skull typical. 

Inferior hypohyal scarcely visible on outer surface of hyoid arch, 
being covered by superior hypohyal, which forms the greater part of 
front of arch. Hypohyals of about equal size on inner surface of arch. 

Ceratohyals, Somes and pores Lypica! 


1 Suborbital aieie: a ean shelf of bons ecioniline inward from the SHiyaniel 
ring and conforming to the rotundity of the eyeball. Possessed by many of the 
higher bony fishes. 


No. 1186. RELATIONSHIP OF DINOLESTES LEWINI—STARKS. 119 


Branchiostegals seven, four being borne by ceratohyal and three by 
epihyal; the three anterior ones attached to inner surface of hyoid 
arch. 

Glossohyal wide, flat, or slightly concave above. - 

Urohyal elongate, thin, without double heel below, except at extreme 
anterior end. 

Basibranchials three—the first not supporting any arch, the second 
supporting the first arch, and to the third the second and third arches 
are joined. No ossified basibranchial to fourth arch. 

Epibranchials of third arch meet behind last basibranchial; epi- 
‘branchials of fourth arch absent. 

Suspensory pharyngeals present on first arch. 

Superior pharyngeals three in number, that is, on second, third, and 
fourth arches; the second largest, and with the third forming an elon- 
gate patch. 

First two interspinal rays of dorsal and of anal not coalesced. None 
of the interspinals interposed between neural or hemal spines. 

The interval between first and second dorsals occupied by two free 
auxiliary interneural spines. 

First interhemal spine not enlarged or in any way differentiated from 
its fellows. Interhemals equally graduated from behind forward. 

Ventral fins truly thoracic. The pelvic girdle long and tapering toa 
slender point, which is interposed between the clavicles above their 
union. 

The vertebral column composed of 10 abdominal and 16 caudal, 
which, with the usual hypural, number 27 vertebre. 

Superior zygapophyses both posteriorly and anteriorly present, but 
small, as is usual in the Percoid fishes. 

Inferior zygapophyses well developed posteriorly near middle of col- 
umn; anteriorly scarcely discernible. 

Parapophyses developed on fourth and succeeding abdominal verte- 
bre, growing larger posteriorly; the last pair connected near their 
bases by a bridge of bone. 

Hypural assisted in supporting caudal fin by spines from two preced- 
ing vertebre. 

Ribs and epipleurals typical. 


120 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 


[Drawn by Chloe Lesley Starks.] 


Plates VIII, IX, and X, superior, lateral, and posterior views of the cranium of 
Dinolestes lewini, skeleton No. 47877, U.S.N.M., from Port Jackson, Australia. 
Plate XI, Dinolestes lewini, No. 47929, U.S.N.M., from Tasmania. 


SIGNIFICANCE OF REFERENCE LETTERS USED ON PLATES. 
als. Alisphenoid. p. Parietal. 

bas. Basisphenoid. pas. Parasphenoid. 
bo. Basioccipital. pf. Prefrontal. 

e. Ethmoid. pro. Prootic. — 

eo. Exoccipital. pto. Pterotic. 

epo. Epiotic. so. Supraoccipital. 
fr. Frontal. spo. Sphenotic. 
opo. Opisthotic. v. Vomer. 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL XXII PL. VII! 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


SUPERIOR VIEW OF CRANIUM OF DINOLESTES LEWINI. 


120. 


ayers 


sa 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. IX 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


is 


L 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 120. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. X 


POSTERIOR VIEW OF CRANIUM OF DINOLESTES LEWINI. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 120. 


MAR fey Shey 


16 


ay 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. X} 


ee 


rel 
a 


DINOLESTES LEWINI. 
FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 120. 


ie 


DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF CRAYFISH. 


By W. -. Hay, M. S., 
Central High School, Washington, D. C. 


In working over the large collection of the Astacidze in the posses- 
sion of the U. S. National Museum the following new species have come 


to my notice: 
CAMBARUS PILOSUS. 


Type locality.—Beloit, Mitchell County, Kansas. 

Type.—No. 19761, U.S.N.M. 

Male, form I, not known. 

Male, form II, rostrum of medium width, long, deeply excavated, 
with sharp, raised, slightly converging margins; lateral teeth well 
developed, acute; acumen long, slender, acute, nearly straight. Post- 
orbital ridges grooved on their outer face; anterior spines small, acute. 
Carapace smooth and lightly 
punctate above, very finely 
granulateon thesides; anterior 
border not angulated and with 
a well-developed fringe of cilia 
extending along the lower side 
of the rostrum and around 
beyond the minute branchi- 
ostegian spine; cervical groove 
deep, sinuate, broken on the 
sides above the small lateral 
Spine; areola narrow. Abdo- 
men longer than the cephalo- 
thorax, telson rounded behind, 
anterior segment with two spines on each side of the posterior border. 
Second and third basal segments of the antenne with well-developed, 
acute, external spines. Antennal scale a little longer than the rostrum, 
outer margin slightly concave, apical spine acute and rather long; tip 
concave, inner margin rounded. Epistoma subtriangular, the margins 
convex. Third maxillipeds hairy on their inner and outer faces. Cheli- 
peds short; chele of moderate width, punctate above, nearly smooth 


Fic. 1.—Nos. 1, 2, CARAPACE; NO. 3, ANTENNAL SCALE; 
No. 4, FIRST ABDOMINAL APPENDAGES OF MALE, FORM II. 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXII—No. 1187. 
121 


122 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


and sparsely ciliate below; upper surface near the inner margin and 
both fingers thickly ciliate; inner border of hand short, serrate, the 
serrations hidden by the cilia; outer margin of hand ribbed; movable 
finger serrate and ciliate on outer margin; both fingers ribbed on upper 
surface and bearded at base on inner margins, the beard being most 
dense on the outer finger. Carpus triangular, lightly grooved above, 
ciliate along the distal margin; a small spine at the superior internal 
angle and behind it a few very minute denticles, inner surface heavily 
bearded along the distal margin; median spine large and curved strongly 
forward; distal border beneath ciliate, and with three well-developed, 
acute spines. Distal margin of meros bearded above and within, two 
small spines above at the distal end; beneath, of the usual two rows of 
spines, the outer row is represented by two or three strong spines, the 
inner by a row of small teeth; between the rows there is, in some speci- 
mens, a ciliated patch. Third pair of legs hooked. First pair of 
abdominal appendages of medium, length, reaching forward to the 
middle of the basal segments of the second pair of legs, very slender . 
and bifid for only a short distance from the tip; inner branch con- 
siderably shorter than the outer, the tip acute and turned slightly 
backward and outward across the outer branch, the tip of which is com- 
pressed and recurved. 

Female.—Not known. 

Seven specimens, the largest nearly 2 inches in length. 

In some respects this species resembles quite closely Cambarus nais 
Faxon, from the same region. I have not been able to compare Dr. 
Faxon’s types with the species. here described, but as his description 
makes no mention of the heavily ciliate chelipeds, a character which 
could not have escaped his observation, and fails to agree in other 
respects, I feel no hesitation in considering the specimens from Beloit 
representatives of a new species. 


CAMBARUS CLYPEATUS. 


Type locality.—Bay St. Louis, Mississippi; U. S. Biological Survey, 
collector, 1892. 

Type.—No. 22778, U.S.N.M. 

Male, form I, not known. 

Male, form II, not known. 

Female.—Rostrum long, very broad, flat, hardly at all excavated, 
sides slightly raised, sharp, diverging slightly from the base to about 
the middle, then converging to near the tip where they abruptly turn 
in to the middle line; the tip of the rostrum is round, and the usual 
lateral teeth are not represented, even by angles. Postorbital ridges 
short, grooved on outer face, anterior spines wanting. Carapace 
smooth and polished above, lightly punctate on the sides, anterior 
margin hardly angulated; cervical groove sinuate, broken on the sides; 
lateral spine wanting; branchiostegian spine minute; areola wide. 


No. 1187. TWO NEW SPECIES OF CRAY FISH—HAY. 123 


Abdomen longer than the cephalothorax; pleure punctate; telson 
rounded behind, anterior segment with four or more spines on each 
side of the posterior border. Antenne shorter than the cephalothorax; 
antennal scale shorter than the rostrum, broadest near the middle, tip 
convex, inner margin rounded. Epistoma broader than long, sides 
convex, anterior angle denticulate. Third mavxillipeds hairy on their 
inner faces. Chelipeds 
moderately strong; 
chele inflated, punctate 
above and below; inner 
margin of hand longer 
than the fingers; outer 
finger short, nearly 
straight, inner finger 
rather strongly in- 
curved at tip; both fin- 
gers strongly ribbed 
above and provided on 
their cutting edges with 
two or three large teeth 

Fic. 2.—Nos. 1, 2, CARAPACE; NO. 8, CHELA; NO. 4, ANNULUS 
and numerous serra- ee eee 
tions. Thoracic ster- 
num hairy. Annulus ventralis prominent, subcircular, the wall bitu- 
bereulate and thin in front, broad and low behind. The fissure is very 
sharply bent to one side just within the anterior wall and is lost, but 
an accessory branch, separated by a thin wall from the first, bends back 
to the middle of the annulus and emerges at the posterior angle. The 
appendages of the first abdominal somite are not developed. 

A single specimen about 2 inches in length. 

As no specimen of the male of this species has yet been collected, it 
is impossible to say with certainty where this species belongs. In gen- 
eral appearance it is very unlike any other North American species 
yet discovered. In the rounded, toothless rostrum and the peculiarly 
shaped chele it resembles somewhat some of the South American 
Parastacine, but the resemblance stops there. The closest relatives 
will probably be found to be some of the species of the second group of 
Faxon, and of these Cambarus cubensis approaches it most closely in 
appearance. 


CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE 
COMMANDER ISLANDS:! 


No. XIII.—A NEW SPECIES OF STALKED MEDUSA, HALICLYSTUS 
STEJNEGERI. 


By K. KISHINOUYE, 


Imperial Fisheries Bureau, Tokyo. 


A large number of medusz, belonging to the very interesting family of 
Stauromedus, were collected by Mr. Leonhard Stejneger at Nikolski, 
Bering Island, one of the Commander Islands, during the summer of 
1897. These medusze were preserved in formol and still remain in 
excellent condition. They belong toa single species of the genus Hali- 
clystus. So far as I am aware, there are only three known species of this 
genus, and all of them are from the Atlantic coast. The species, how- 


‘The following ‘‘ Contributions to the Natural History of the Commander Islands” 
have been published in these Proceedings thus far: I. Leonhard Stejneger: Notes 
on the natural history, including descriptions of new cetaceans, XI, 1883, pp. 
58-89. II. Leonhard Stejneger: Investigations relating to the date of the exter- 
mination of Steller’s Sea-Cow, VII, 1884, pp. 181-189.—III. W. H. Dall: Report on 
the mollusca of the Commander Islands, Bering Sea, collected by Leonhard Stejneger 
in 1882 and 1883, VII, 1884, pp. 340-349, pl. m. IV a. Asa Gray: Notes upon the 
plants collected on the Commander Islands (Bering and Copper islands) by Leonhard 
Stejneger, VII, 1885, pp. 527-529. IV s. Leonhard Stejneger: Additional notes on 
the plants of the Commander Islands, VH, 1885, pp. 529-538. V. Frederick W. 
True: Description of a new species of Mesoplodon, M. stejnegeri, obtained by Dr. Leon- 
hard Stejneger, in Bering Island, VIII, pp. 584, 585, pl. xxy. Wil Wi EE. Dall: 
Report on Bering Island mollusea collected by Mr. Nicolas Grebnitzki, IX, 1886, pp. 
209-219. VII. Leonhard Stejneger: Revised and annotated catalogue of the birds 
inhabiting the Commander Islands, X, 1887, pp. 117-145, pls. vu-rx. VIII. George 
Vasey : Description of Alopecurus stejnegeri, a new species of grass from the Commander 
Islands, X, 1887, p. 153. IX. W. Lilljeborg: On the Entomostraca collected by Mr. 
Leonhard Stejneger on Bering Island, 1882-83, X, 1887, pp. 154-156. X A. Leon- 
hard Stejneger: Contributions to the history of Pallas’s Cormorant, XII, 1889, pp. 
83-88. XB. F. A. Lucas: Description of some bones of Pallas’s Cormorant (Phala- 
crocorax perspicillatus), XII, 1889, pp. 88-94, pl. 11. XI. F. A. Lucas: The cranium 
of Pallas’s Cormorant, XVIII, 1895, pp. 717-719, pls. XXXIV, Xxxv.——XII. Tarleton 
H. Bean and Barton A. Bean: Fishes collected at Bering and Copper islands by Nik- 
olai A. Grebnitzki and Leonhard Stejneger, XIX, 1896, pp. 237-251. 


PROCEEDINGS U.S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXII—No. 1188. 
125 


126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. XXII. 


ever, differs in many points from those already known, and it is so far 
the only representative of the genus Haliclystus found on the Pacific 


coast. 
HALICLYSTUS STEJNEGERI, new species. 


Type.—No. 18942, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.——Bering Island, North Pacific Ocean. 

The medusa is funnel-shaped and has a rather short peduncle. The 
largest specimen of the collectionis 18 mm.in height (including the pedun- 
cle)and 18 mm.in diameter. The peduncle is 53mm.inheightand25mm. 
in breadth. I shall give a short description of such larger specimens. 

The preserved specimens are grayish or pale brown, semitransparent, 
with a dark brown or nearly black streak at the umbrella margin and 


Fig. 1.—HALICLYSTUS STEJNEGERI, NEW SPECIES. SIDE VIEW. *X 4. 


Drawn by K. Kishinouye. 


each perradial corner of the peduncle (figs. 1, 2). Besides these there 
are 16 radial streaks of the same color (fig. 1). Each two of these 16. 
streaks are paired along the adradii, and each two adradial pairs unite 
together in turn at the perradii at the junction of the umbrella (some- 
times called the calyx) and the peduncle. These dark streaks are found 
in the exumbrella. In the subumbrella, too, a dark streak is found at 
each perradial edge of the esophagus, and moreover there are pigment 
cells around the genital sacs. In all these cases the pigment is found 
in endoderm cells. zr 

The umbrella, or the so-called calyx, is funnel-shaped or conical, 
gradually increasing in breadth from the pedunele to the umbrella 
margin. The breadth of the umbrella is one and one-third to one 
and one-half times as long as its height. 


no.1188. 4 NEW SPECIES OF STALKED MEDUS_E—KISHINOUYE. NG 


The peduncle is nearly quadrate in cross section. It is about half 
the length of the umbrella. It has four interradial longitudinal 
grooves which are formed by the attachment of the teniola (fig. 1). 
These teniola meet at the longitudinal axis and divide the internal 
space of the peduncle into four chambers. The demarcation between 
the umbrella and the pedunele is distinct. 

The exumbrella is smooth, without prominent ridges or groups of 
nematocysts. The gelatinous layer is equally thin everywhere and 
firm in consistence. In the subumbrella we find a few small groups of 

-nematocysts at the perradial sinuses of the umbrella margin only. 

The muscle plates are as 
in other species. The per- 
radial muscles are more 
weakly developed than the 
interradial. The four in- 
terradial infundibular deep- 
eningsnearly reach the junc- 
tion of the umbrella with the 
peduneles. 

The umbrella margin is 
cut into eight adradial arms, 
which are equal in size and 
equally distant from each 
other (fig. 2). The depth of 
the incisions is about half 
the length between a princi- 
pal tentacle and the pedun- Fig. oe a ee ne SPECIES. VIEW 
Alo. Woche acm bess. a FROM THE OVAL SIDE. X 34. 
bunch of tentacles, 70 to 100 
in number. Tentacles are of equal thickness, but they differ in length. 
Their length decreases gradually as they approach the periphery of 
the bunch. : 

The eight principal tentacles are transformed into adhesive marginal 
bodies (figs. 1, 2). They are large, sessile, egg-shaped, and about one- 
half as long as the diameter of the peduncle. 

The cesophagus or manubrium (fig. 2) is short, quadrangular, as in 
other species of Haliclystus. Its wall has many longitudinal folds, and 
its free margin is reflected outward. The eight rows of well-developed 
gastral filaments extend from the+base of the cesophagus to the 
proximal end of the genital glands. 

Genital glands are eight in number, broad and leaf-shaped, tapering 
at both ends. They extend almost along the entire length of the. 
umbrella. As they are touching each other along the proximal half 
their length (fig. 2), the subumbrella is almost entirely occupied by 
them. Hach gland consists of 100 to 150 round saes. These sacs are 
not arranged in rows. Those nearest to the perradii are larger than 
the others. We find six to eight sacs abreast at the broadest part of 


Drawn by K. Kishinovye. 


128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


each gland. Each gland is turned over at the perradial sides and forms 
a part of the mesentery (fig. 2). 
Small specimens (3 to 4 mm. in umbrella diameter) of the collection 
differ more or less from larger specimens in the proportion of the parts 
of the body, number of tentacles, and genital sacs, etc. Generally, 
smaller specimens have the narrower umbrella, longer peduncle, shorter 
arms shallower umbrella cavity, fewer and not much crowded genital 


Fic. 3.— HALICLYSTUS STEJNEGERI. AN IMMATURE FORM, 3 MM. IN HEIGHT, DRAWN FROM A PREPARATION 
IN TRANSMITTED LIGHT. 


Drawn by J. Urata. 


sacs, and a very little pigment in endoderm epithelium. Moreover, the 
genital sacs vary in size much more greatly than in larger specimens. 
The peduncle is not four-chambered. Such differences may be easily 
understood by comparing figs. 1 and 2 with fig. 5. 

Almost all the specimens of the collection were found to contain a 
number of Gammarus in the stomach. 


a 


5 AOR OS SNARE 


no.1188. 4 NEW SPECIES OF STALKED MEDUS#—KISHINOUYE. 129 
Characteristics of different species of Haliclystus. 
N Umbrella Peduncle Hight arms.~ | Hight marginal) soo nal gland 
ame. mbrella. : g S. ae exual glands. 
Haliclystus oc- | Conical, sur- | Cylindrical, al- | Equally dis- | Large, egg-|In each gland 
toradiatus. face flat, 2 to most as long tant from shaped or 20 to 30 large 
3 times as as the height each other. nearly club- sacs in two 
broad as its’ of umbrella; Each arm shaped, one- longitudinal 
height. no outward with 30 to 60 fourth as rows. 
longitudinal tentacles. long as the 
grooves. breadth of 
the peduncle. 
Haliclystus sal- | Pyramidal, oc- | Quadrangular | Equally dis- | Very large, as | In each gland 
pink. tangular, prismatic, tant from long as arms, 40 to 50 sacs 
much broad- considerably each other. obliquely in four longi- 
er than its larger than Each arm trumpet- tudinal rows. 
height. the height of with 60 to 70 shaped. 
umbrella. tentacles. 
Hatliclystusstej-| Conical, sur- | About half as | Equally dis- | Large, egg-| In each gland 
negert. face flat, a long as_ the tant from shaped, half 100 to 150 sacs, 
little broad- height of um- each other. as long as 6 to 8 sacs 
er than its brella, with Each arm the breadth abreast in the 
height. four longitu- with 70 to 100 of peduncle. broadest part. 
dinal grooves. tentacles. 
Halielystus au- | Pyramidal, oc- | Almost as long | Unitedinpairs.| Large, shaped | In each gland 


ricula. 


tangular, al- 
mostas broad 
as its height. 


as the height 
of umbrella, 
with four 
deep longitu- 
dinal grooves. 


Each arm 
with 100 to 


120 tentacles. 


like coffee 
beans, as 
long as the 
breadth of 
the peduncle. 


100 to 150 sacs 
in 6 to 8 ra- 
dial rows. 


Tokyo, May 22, 1899. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 


9 


f 
s 
wt é 


~ DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF IDOTEA FROM 
, HAKODATE BAY, JAPAN. 


By HARRIET RICHARDSON. 


Two distinct species were included by Miers! with Idotea ochotensis 
Brandt. Ina former paper’? the author has endeavored to define the 
limits of Idotea ochotensis on the one side by preserving the specitic 
distinctions of Idotea rectilineata Lockington. It is the object of the 
present paper to further define the limits of Idotea ochotensis on the 
other side by showing the specific differences of another species, for- 
merly included. Two specimens from Hakodate Bay, Japan, in the 
collection in the U. S. National Museum, when compared with a large 
series of f. ochotensis from various localities, extending all the way 
from Kamchatka to Bering Sea and the Aleutian Islands, confirms the 
impossibility of uniting them with I. ochotensis. The specimen which 
Miers saw in the British Museum collection from Yeddo Island, and 
which he figures, undoubtedly belongs to the same species as our two 
specimens from Hakodate Bay. In regard to it Miers says: 

It differs from Brandt’s figure of J. ochotensis only in its relatively longer and 
slenderer body and somewhat shorter antenne, which when retracted would not 
reach to the posterior margin of the fourth thoracic segment, but whose pedun- 
cular joints are longer than in Brandt’s figure. 

Further on he speaks of the tooth at the distal extremity of the 
terminal segment as being very prominent in the specimen from 
Japan. It is probable that Miers had specimens of all three species, 
the one spoken of obtained at Vancouver Island being J. rectilineata 
Lockington, the specimen from British Columbia being J. ochotensis 
Brandt, and the Japanese specimen the one herein described. 

In comparing the species, specimens have been selected which are of 
nearly the same size, in order to better compare the corresponding 
parts. 


‘ Journal Linnzan Society of London, XVI, 1883, pp. 32-34, pl. 1, figs. 8-10. 
2 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1899, p. 845. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1189. 
181 


132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


IDOTEA JAPONICA, new species. 


Body slender, elongated, five times longer than broad, with sides 
parallel. A dorsal median keel extends the entire length of the body. 
Color, brownish 

yellow. 

Head with the 
anterior margin 
deeply and roundly 
excavate and with 
the antero-lateral 
angles broadly 
rounded. Eyes 
situated on the ex- 
treme lateral mar- 
gin in the median 
transverse line. 
The first pair of 


antenne reach only 

Fie. 2.—IDOTEA OCHO- a little bey ond the 

eae Oar a ee Behe TENSIS. X 2. second joint of the 
peduncle of the sec- 


ond pair of antenne. The second pair of antennz are half as long as 
the body, and when retracted would extend to the middle of the fifth 


thoracic segment; first joint of the pe- 
duncle short and con cealed by the an- 
tero-lateral angles in a dorsal view; sec- 
ond and third joints nearly equal in 
length; fourth and fifth joints equal in 
length, and each equal to the second and 
third taken together; flagellum com: 


posed of 14 joints, and 
shorter than the pe- 
duncle. 

Segments of the tho- 
rax about equal in 
length. Firstsegment 
with a deep excavation 
and with anterolateral 
angles rounded. LEpi- 
mera narrow; those of 


the second, third, and a b 
fourth segments oc- a b Fic. 4.—a, OPERCULAR 

. Fic. 3.—-a, ANTENNA OF SECOND PAIR VALVE OF IDOTEA OCHO 
cup vane only the an OF IDOTEA JAPONICA; 6, ANTENNA TENSIS; 6, OPERCULAR 
terior half of the lat- OF SECOND PAIR OF IDOTEA OCHO- VALVE OF IDOTEA JAP” 
eral margins; those of TENSIS. X 8. ONICA. xX 8. 


the fifth and sixth segments, the anterior two-thirds, and of the seventh 
segment, the entire margin. 


No. 1189. A NEW SPECIES OF IDOTEA—RICHARDSON. 133 


The abdomen (including the terminal segment) is composed of three 
segments, with suture lines indicative of another partly coalesced seg- 
ment. The terminal segment. with sides slightly converging, has the 


~ 


Usis 


a 
Fig. Be —da, ABDOMEN OF IDOTEA JAPONICA; 0, ABDOMEN OF IDOTEA OCHOTENSIS; ¢, ABDOMEN OF 
IDOTEA RECTILINEATA. X 8. 


apex triangulate and produced much beyond the lateral angles, which 
are roundly obtuse. 
The legs are slender. 
Two specimens come from Hakodate Bay, Japan; fap 8 fathoms in 
gravel. 
Type.—No. 9348, U.S.N.M. 
This species differs from J. ochotensis Brandt in the following points: 
1. The proportions of the body. J. 
ochotensis is stouter and shorter, the 
relative proportion of breadth and if 
length being 2:7, while in J. japonica 
the body is longer and narrower, the 
relative proportion being 2:10. 
2. The proportionately greater 
length of the second pair of antenne.! 
In J. ochotensis the joints of both 
the peduncle and the flagellum are 
stouter and shorter and the antennze 
extend only to the posterior margin a b 
of the third thoracic segment or the Fic. 6.—a, LEG OF SECOND PAIR OF IDOTEA 
x : i JAPONICA; 0, LEG OF SECOND PAIR OF IDOTEA 
middle of the fourth thoracic segment, — ocuorensis, X10. 
while in I. japonica these joints are 
longer and more slender, and the antenne reach the middle of the fifth 
thoracic segment. 


1 Although there is some variation in the length of the second pair of antenne of 
Idotea ochotensis, nevertheless these antennz are always shorter than those of Idotea 
japonica in specimens of the same size, and the peduncle of the antennz is also 
shorter. 


134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXU. 


3. The form of the antero-lateral angles of the first thoracic segment. 

In I. ochotensis these angles are markedly truncate, while in the 
present species they are rounded. 

4, The narrower epimera in J. japonica. 

5. The shape of the terminal segment. 

In I. ochotensis the lateral margins of this segment are concave, the 
lateral angles prominent and rectangular, the median posterior tooth 
or apex not greatly produced, while in J. japonica the lateral margins 
are straight, the lateral angles less prominent and obtuse, and the 
median posterior tooth or apex greatly produced, being twice the length 
of that in I. ochotensis. 

6. The more slender and shorter legs of I. japonica. 

7. The differently shaped opercular valves. 

8. The more slender joints in the first pair of antenne of I. japonica. 


LIST OF SHELLS COLLECTED BY VERNON BAILEY IN HERON 
AND EAGLE LAKES, MINNESOTA, WITH NOTES. 


By RoBERT EH. C, STEARNS, PH. D., 
Honorary Associate in. Zoology. 


- The species listed below have been received at various times from 
the United States Department of Agriculture. They forma part of the 
collection of the United States National Museum, and were collected 
by Mr. Vernon Bailey, an assistant in the Division of Biological 
Exploration, in charge of Dr. C. Hart Merriam. 

Heron Lake is in southwestern Minnesota, in Jackson County, near 
the Iowa line. The material from this place was, to quote Mr. Bailey, 
“scraped up on the beach,” in 1887. 

Eagle Lake is in Sherburne County. This county is nearer the cen- 
ter of the State, being rather south and east of the center. The collec- 
tions from both places are small, so far as the number of species is 
considered, but not without interest, as certain forms, which are com- 
mented on at some length, indicate peculiar environmental conditions. 
These conditions can only be surmised from the material itself, in the 
place of personal investigation of the lakes and their waters as well 
as the immediate region in which they are situated. Thetestimony of the 
numerous examples.of Planorbis trivolvis from Heron Lake and Limnea 
emarginata from Eagle Lake points to considerable fluctuation in the 
volume of the water one season compared with another, and in the 
more northerly Kagle Lake to the influence of extreme cold, or alterna- 
tions of temperature conditions as related to volume of water in some 
Seasons or years, as well as possible alkalinity or some chemical fluctu- 
ation due to diminished volume of water at times, or, briefly, to fluctu- 
ations in the quantity and temperature of the waters and the chemical 
quality or proportions in the same. 

The Eagle Lake shells were collected in 1891. 


LIMN ZA PALUSTRIS Miller. 
Heron Lake; a few examples. 


LIMNZZEA CAPERATA Say. 


Heron Lake; infrequent. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1190. 


136 ; PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM.. VOL. XXII. 


LIMN ZEA DESIDIOSA Say. 
Bagle Lake; two living examples (Cat. No. 123895, U.S.N.M.). 


LIMN ZEA EMARGINATA Say. 


' Eagle Lake; abundant. Of the total number of shells from this lake, 
nine-tenths belong to this species and its varieties, numbering, perfect 
and imperfect being counted, probably four hundred examples. 


A. Normal form (Cat. No. 123887, U.S.N.M.); smooth; spire modera- 
tely elevated; rather solid and ventricose; columellar fold or twist, 
rather strong. 

B. Spire short (Cat. No. 123888, U.S.N.M.); rather thin and ventri- 
cose, ranging from young to adult. 

©. Body whorl shouldered above (Cat. No. 123889, U.S.N.M); spire 
short to elevated; surface smooth to malleated ; alll 

D. Deeply pied? spire rather high (Cat. ne 123890, U.S.N.M.); 
surface smooth; some individuals marked by strong incremental lines; 
others inconspicuously lirate; young to adult. 

E. Malleated; obtusely irate (Cat. No. 123891, U.S.N.M); in some 
examples partially obtusely lirate; others showing sharply developed 
growth lines; spire moderate; shell rather solid; aperture effuse; 
numerous examples. 

F. Patulous; aperture more or less reflected (Cat. No. 123892, U.S.N.M); 
surface smooth or malleated; obtusely lirate in some instances; spire 
moderate; several examples. 


G. Distorted, bulging (Cat. No, 123893, U.S.N.M); shells globose or 


elongated; solid; smooth or malleated; suture deep; aperture in some 
examples effuse; numerous specimens. 

H. Immature (Cat. No. 123894, U.S.N.M.); this number and tube 
includes juvenile examples of many of the foregoing, and other varietal 


facies. 
PLANORBIS TRIVOLVIS Say. 


Heron Lake; abundant (Cat. No. 104462, U.S.N.M.). A dwarfed and 
apparently arrested form of this widely distributed species was obtained 
in great numbers by Mr. Bailey. The largest individual measured, 
maximum, only 12.50 mm., while the average of numerous examples is 
not over 9 mm.,maximum. There are two varietal forms, which point 
to hybridization, suggesting campanulatus in one direction and bicari- 
natus in the other. Among 143 perfect individuals, 6 exhibit the abrupt 
varicose character of aperture so conspicuous in campanulatus, and there 
are many examples that lean toward bicarinatus, with a pretty sharp 
angle on the upper and an obtuse keel on the under side of the whorls. 
These are registered in the United States National Museum, as follows: 

P. trivolvis var. A (Cat. No. 104463, U.S.N.M.). 

P. trivolvis var. B (Cat. No. 104464, U.S.N.M.). 


No.1190. SHELLS OF HERON AND EAGLE LAKES—STEARNS. 137 


PLANORBIS BICARINATUS Say. 


Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104465, U.S.N.M.); Hagle Lake (Cat. No. 
123897, U.S.N.M.). The 4 specimens from the first-named place are 


distinetly characteristic; from the last numerous examples were 


obtained. 
PLANORBIS PARVUS Say. 


Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104461, U.S.N.M.); Eagle Lake (Cat. No. 
123899, U.S.N.M.). From each of the lakes, a few individuals were 
found in the general mass of material; apparently less common than 
the larger species. 


PLANORBIS CAMPANULATUS Say. 
Eagle Lake (Cat. No. 123898, U.S.N.M.); two examples. 
PHYSA HETEROSTROPHA Say. 


Heron Lake; Eagle Lake (Cat. No. 123896, U.S.N.M.). From the 
former several examples; from the latter two rather undersized speci- 


mens. 
PHYSA GYRINA Say. 


Heron Lake; a few specimens. 


BYTHINELLA OBTUSA Lea. 


Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104459, U.S.N.M.); Eagle Lake (Cat. No. 123902, 
U.S.N.M.). Many examples from each of the lakes, but apparently 
less frequent than the following: 


AMNICOLA CINCINNATIENSIS Anthony. 


Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104458, U.S.N.M.); Eagle Lake (Cat. No. 
123901, U.S.N.M.). Abundant in Heron Lake, frequently of large size; 
also common in Kagle Lake. 


VALVATA TRICARINATA Say. 


Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104460, U.S.N.M.); Eagle Lake (Cat. No. 
123900, U.S.N.M.). Exceedingly common and of large size in Heron 
Lake; the median keel sometimes obsolete. Hight examples from Eagle 


Lake. 
SUCCINEA OVALIS Gould. 


Near Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104466, U.S.N.M.). A single example of 
this terrestial form was detected near the margin of the lake. 


SPHAZRIUM STRIATINUM Lamarck. 
Heron Lake (Cat. No. 104467, U.S.N.M.); not uncommon. 
SPF RIUM SOLIDULUM Prime. 


Heron Lake; many dead valves. 


138 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII 


PISIDIUM COMPRESSUM Prime. 
Heron Lake; a single dead valve. 
PISIDIUM VARIABILE Prime. 


BRagle Lake (Cat. No. 123903, U.S.N.M.); numerous odd valves. 

It is presumable that these lakes contain many species not mentioned 
above. It should be borne in mind that no attempt was made by Mr. 
Bailey to make an exhaustive collection of the molluscan life in these 
bodies of water; he simply collected such material as came readily to 
his hand without interfering with his special work. 


DESCRIPTION OF A NEW VARIETY OF HALIOTIS FROM 
CALIFORNIA, WITH FAUNAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL 
NOTES. 


By RoBErRtT H. C. STEARNS, Ph. D., 


Honorary Associate in Zoology. 


Of the littoral fauna of that long line of coast extending from Point 
Bonita, on the north side of the entrance to San Francisco Bay, to Cape 
Flattery, the southerly point of the entrance to the Strait of Juan de 
Fuea, a stretch of nearly 700 nautical miles, but little is known. The 
general aspect of the coast throughout most of its extent is broken, 
jagged, and rocky, with bold abrupt bluffs, against which in ordinary 
weather the ocean dashes with greater or less violence, and therefore 
unfavorable to the field work of the naturalist. 

There are, however, many reaches of a more inviting character, where 
the rocky shore dips under the sea with so moderate a slope that the 
zone uncovered at extreme low tides is of considerable width, often 
seamed and cut up by narrow furrows and channels, with many shal- 
low pools, and frequently clothed with a heavy growth of bladder weed, 
altogether presenting a tempting challenge to the collector. 

Then there are sandy flats of considerable area, as at Tomales and 
Bodega, and gravelly beaches occur, of moderate extent, with occa- 
sional, sometimes numerous, detached rock masses and bowlders. 

While there are many so-called ports, embarcaderos, or landing 
places between the points above named, especially along the California 
coast, a large proportion, perhaps one-half or more of the coastwise 
settlements indicated on the map, consist of small communities inci- 
dental to the limited local business. At these places it is often the 
case there is no harbor, merely a simple roadstead or anchorage, avail- 
able only in good weather. For the purposes of the collector the 
immediate neighborhood of many of these places is of trifling impor- 
tance. The desirable portions of the coast are generally inaccessible by 
sea and require an outfit for land service, with camp equipage and the 
usual requisites, with ample appliances for shore work. The best time 
of the year is the spring, the months of March, April, and May, before 
the harsh westerly winds begin to sweep in from the sea—usually from 
the first to the middle of June. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXII—No. 1191. 
139 


140 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


Bolinas, Tomales, and Bodega bays, particularly the first and the 
adjacent Duxbury reef, being near San Francisco, have been visited by 
a few collectors, by Colonel Jewett and myself in 1866, and since by 
Raymond, Hemphill, and Wood, and again by the author, but nothing 
like thorough work has been done even at these places, the number 
of species of mollusks usually obtained being from 90 to 100. At 
Bodega, visited by Dr. Newcomb and myself in 1867, some 90 species 
were collected. Mr. Hemphill has collected at Fort Bragg and Hum- 
boldt Bay, at the latter place securing some interesting forms, including 
Paludinella newcombiana, a new species. On the coast of Mendocino 
County, nearly thirty years ago, Mr. Harford found near Big Spanish 
Flat a new Fusus (fF. harfordii). His collection was exceedingly 
meager, most of his time having been devoted to botany. A visit to 
Crescent City made by the author in 1862 was a failure so far as shell 
collecting was concerned, for the beaches and shores in every direction 
were so piled up with driftwood and the refuse of the great flood of the 
previous winter as to be absolutely inaccessible. Some little collecting — 
has been done at Coos and Shoalwater ' bays and at Grays Harbor, on 
the coast of Washington. 

It will be seen from the foregoing that the totality of research 
throughout this great stretch of coast is quite insignificant. The same 
may be said in great measure of the biological investigation of the 
uplands back from and bordering on the shore. — 

The occurrence of Olivella intorta in quantity somewhere along the 
coast in the neighborhood of Trinidad is implied by the large number 
of this rare species contained in a necklace” obtained from the Hoopa 
Indians by Lieutenant Ray. 

Another peculiar form has recently been added to the few that have 
been detected in the region herein reviewed. 


HALIOTIS FULGENS Philippi var. WALALLENSIS Stearns. 


On the coast of Mendocino County, California, in the extreme south- 
west corner, close tothe northerly boundary line of Sonomo County, is an 
embarcadero, or shipping point of the lumber interests of that neighbor- 
hood. Here is situated a small settlement known as Gualala.? The 
coast hereabout is broken and rocky, with bluffs 50 to 100 feet high. 
In the immediate vicinity of this village Mr. J. J. Rivers some years 
ago collected the form here described,* specimens of which are contained 


1It may be well to recall what I have elsewhere mentioned, the planting of Mya 
arenaria in Shoalwater Bay by Captain Simpson, of San Francisco. This was some 
fifteen years ago. 

2Cat. No. 77185, U.S.N.M., Ethnological department. 

3Gualala, which is the official post-office name of the village, is a localized cor- 
ruption of the Indian Walalla, which latter, I think, should be perpetuated. 

4A preliminary description of this variety was published in The Nautilus, No. 9, 
XII, January, 1899. 


No. 1191. A NEW VARIETY OF HALIOTIS—STEARNS. 141 


in the U.S. National Museum (Cat. No. 98327) and in the museum of 
the University of California. 

The examples in the U.S. National Museum collection were presented 
to me by Mr. Rivers, and are a part of the original lot. The largest 
adult is of much smaller size than average full-grown examples of the 
ordinary form of H. fulgens. My examination of the entire series col- 
lected by Mr. Rivers suggested the European H. tuberculata of the 
Channel Islands. There is a Japanese species figured in Reeves’s 
Conchologia Iconica, H. planata Sowerby, which it Somewhat resembles. 
As my notes were unfortunately destroyed some years ago, Mr. Dall 
has kindly furnished the following from the U. 8S. National Museum 
examples: 


Shell of an oval form, considerably flattened, and with about two and a half 
whorls; color, dark brick red, with occasional mottlings of pale bluish green; holes, 
four in the young to six in the adult; sculpture of fine, somewhat irregular spiral 
threads, crossed by fine, close, slightly elevated, sharp concentric lamelle, and a 
few small obscure wavelets which radiate obliquely from the apex; nacre rather 
pale, with pink and pale-green reflections, but much less deep in color than the 
typical fulgens. 

This variety differs from the type in its more elongate and flattened form, its con- 
stantly finer, spiral threading, and its paler nacre. The concentric lamellation is 
sometimes undeveloped on the young shells. It has the same number of holes as 
the type. 


The above may be regarded as the extreme northerly expression of 
H. fulgens, which has not heretofore been credited to any part of the 
coast north of Point Concepcion. From that point to Gualalla is an 
immense jimpe about 320 nautical miles, 

Regarding the number of holes in certain species of Haliotis, I find 
the following in my notes: H. fulgens, from Lower California, fifty-six 
show a total of 326 complete and incomplete, an average of six and a 
fraction; one example had 8 and five 7 holes. Of H. rufescens twenty- 
four had 87 complete, fifteen showing 60, and nine 27 holes, an average 
of 33. H.cracherodii, thirty-seven examples gave a total of 236 com- 
plete holes, an average of about 65; one individual. had only 2, two 
had 4, while five had 9, approaching the insular form known.as Cali- 
forniensis Swainson. All of the foregoing were adult shells. 

The “Abalone fishery” on the west coast has been pursued unceas- 
ingly for about thirty-five years. My notebook shows that as long ago 
as the year 1866 no less than 1,697 sacks, each containing from a bushel 
to a bushel and a half, were exported to China. At that time, and for 
many years after, the ‘‘dried meats” only were of commercial value, 
there being but a very limited demand for tle shells. Later the shells 
came into general use for a great variety of purposes, so the fishery has 
been followed more energetically than ever, with the result that in many 
places the supply has been nearly exhausted. In certain localities 
where the principal species, Haliotis rufescens, H. cracherodii, and 
H. fulgens, were abundant they are now comparatively scarce. Recently 


142 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


the attention of the authorities of some of the seaboard counties having 
been called to the matter, it is likely that before long the fishery will 
be either prohibited for a term of years or in some way regulated by 
law. From the little island of Anacapa in the Santa Barbara chan- 
nel two persons obtained over 2 tons of shells and meats, being their 
second catch within a few months. Fortunately there are numerous | 


places along the coast that are inaccessible, so there is but little danger _ 


of any of the species becoming absolutely extinct. 


ON THE LOWER SILURIAN (TRENTON) FAUNA OF 
BAFFIN LAND. 


By CHARLES SCHUCHERT, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Stratigraphic Paleontology. 


INTRODUCTION. 


In the summer of 1897, a number of men took advantage of the Sev- 
enth Peary Arctic Expedition to cruise in Arctic seas and to hunt and 
fish in Baffin Land. The author had the pleasure of meeting these 
men while on board the steamer Hope, and learned that they intended 
to make a whale-boat trip to the head of Frobisher Bay. As many 
Lower Silurian fossils had been seen by Hall during his exploration of 
this bay, the author requested the Baftin Land party to search for fos- 
sils. On the subsequent return of the steamer Hope from North Green- 
land, it was a great surprise to find that Messrs. J. N. Carpender, R. 
W. Porter, A. V. Shaw, A. H. White, and F. G. Goodridge, had made 
splendid collections of fossils during their stay of but a few hours at 
Silliman’s Fossil Mount, which is at the head of Frobisher Bay. 

These fossils are well preserved, and here, as 1s so often the case in 
Paleozoic faunas, the brachiopod specimens predominate. However, 
unlike other Trenton faunas, the Arctic mollusca usually preserve the 
shell, and this is the more remarkable because all the fossils weather 
out of a bluish clay. The author’s interest in and admiration for these 
well-preserved fossil forms from a rarely visited region was so great 
that he could not resist asking the loan of the various collections for the 
purpose of making them known to paleontologists. Mr. J. N.Carpen- 
der, of New Brunswick, New Jersey, who had the most extensive col- 
lection, with great liberality allowed the author to make a selection 
from these fossils for the U.S. National Museum. From him, there- 
fore, this Museum has received 54 species represented by 113 speci- 
mens. The next largest lots were gathered by Messrs. A. H. White 
and A. V. Shaw, and purchased for the Museum. Mr. F. G. Goodridge 
presented one of the finest trilobites found. Mr. R. W. Porter also 
made a good collection, which he deposited in the American Museum 


——— 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1192. 143 


144 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


of Natural History, and these specimens were kindly placed at the 
author’s disposal for study, by Prof. R. P. Whitfield. To these gentle- 
men, therefore, paleontology is indebted for rendering it possible to 
describe one of the best collections of fossils made in Arctic regions. 

With the aid of a camera lucida, Mr. E. O. Ulrich, of Newport, 
Kentucky, made the figures, which are accurate representations of the 
species. The author is further indebted to him for paleontological 
assistance, and his various notes are incorporated in this paper in 
their proper places. 


DESCRIPTION OF LOCALITIES. 


Frobisher Bay.—Previous to 1897, all that was known of the geology 
of Frobisher Bay was included in a few incidental notes by Charles 
Francis Hall.' His collections were partly studied by Mr. R. P. 
Stevens? and Prof. B. K. Emerson.’ 

During the months of August and September, 1861, Hall, in com- 
pany with Innuit men, women, and children, explored, by means of 
whale boats, the greater part of Frobisher Bay, which up to that time 
was believed by civilized man to be astrait. On this trip he was also 
greatly rejoiced to find unmistakable evidence of Frobisher’s visit of 
1556-57. The book cited is interesting reading, and from it are taken 
the following notes regarding the geology of this Bay. 

Jones Cape.—Hall ‘“‘ascended a mountain in the rear of our encamp- 
ment. * * * On my way I observed a considerable quantity of the 
stone I had noticed upon Iron Island, and I also saw many small pieces 
of limestone on the very summit about a thousand feet above the level 
of the sea.” + 

This may be the locality which furnished the fossils from the Utica 
stage, described by Professor Emerson and listed beyond. 

Cape Stevens.—This locality is nearly 100 miles farther inland than 
Cape Jones, and here Hall on the top of a mountain “found numerous 
shells and fossils, some of which |he] brought away.” 

This may be the locality furnishing the Trenton fossils described by 
Professor Emerson and listed beyond. 

Sillimaw’s Fossil Mount.—At this place fossils were first brought to 
Hall by the natives. 

At my left, across the river, was aridge of white, which I afterward named Silli- 
man’s Fossil Mount (thus named after Benjamin Silliman, jr., of New Haven, Con- 


necticut. This fossil mount is on the west side of the termination of Frobisher Bay. 
It is in latitude 63° 44’, longitude 68° 56’), and behind it the unbroken front of a line 


1 Arctic Researches a ios Among the Esquimaux, New York, 1865. 

2Amer. Journ. Sci., 2d ser., XXXV, 1863, p. 404. 

3Narrative of the Second Kees Expedition made by Charles F. Hall, edited by 
J. E. Nourse, Washington, 1879. Appendix III, On the Geology of Frobisher Bay, 
and Field Bay, by B. K. Emerson. 

4Tbidem, p. 373. 

5Tbidem, p. 381. 


No. 1192. - TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 145 


of mountains extending northwesterly to the opening which I have called the Great 
Gateway.! * * * 

I visited that phenomenon; I mounted it, and went around italso. Itis amount 
of marine fossils in limestone, half a mile long, and over a hundred feet high [840 
feet aneroid, according to Porter]. * * * The débris of the fossils begins at or 
near the top of the mount, falling at such an angle as broken stone from a mountain 
always make, an inclination of about 40°. Above the talus, or heap of broken stones, 
is a mass of fossils in limestone, strata-like. A smaller mount of the same char- 
acter is close by, but all 
in débris. It seems to fe 
have been divided from 
the main mount by the 
rushing down of waters : 
from the mountains he- 2 oS 
hind. A small stream 
comes down the moun- 
tains, passes along, and 
finally makes its way out 
between the two fossil 
mounts. This is also in- 
dicated in the course of 
this stream, as an acre 
or more of the plain is 
covered several feet in 
depth with the washed- 
down débris of fossils. 


ieee Ehe top.of Sil- Fig. 1.—A DISTANT VIEW OF SILLIMAN’s Fossit Mounr. 
liman’s Fossil Mount is (Photograph by R. W. Porter.) 


covered with boulders 
and grass. Even when close to the small mouat it looks like sand, but on examina- 
tion it is fine broken limestoné and fossils.” 


Mr. R. W. Porter, who visited Silliman’s Fossil Mount in August, 
1897, described it to the writer as follows: 


ON BOARD 8. 8. HOPE, 


September 18, 1897. 
CHARLES SCHUCHERT, Esq. 


My Dear Sir: In accordance with your request, I take pleasure in handing to 
you the following notes on Silliman’s Fossil Mount (Hall’s) of Frobisher Bay, Baffin 
Land. They are very meager—the results of only a few hours’ visit to this forma- 
tion, as J had intended to give the place a more thorough search next year. 

Silliman’s Fossil Mount lies at the head of Frobisher Bay, some 3 miles south of the 
Jordan River and about 1 mile from tide water. It lies close against the mountains 
of Meta Incognita [apparently unconformably], is about 1,000 yards long and 340 feet 
high (aneroid; not 100 feet, as given by Hall), general (lirection northwest and south- 
east. The fossils were taken from the talus slopes, the bed of the brook flowing 
at the base of the mount, in the limestone near the summit, and on the top itself. 

At its northern end there is a smaller mount of lesser height. The mount forms 
a striking feature of the landscape, and is composed of limestone, disintegrated to 
such an extent that the talus reaches nearly to the summit, which is very flat and 
composed of the ledge itself. This limestone ledge of nearly horizontal beds out- 


‘Narrative of the Second Arctic Expedition made by Charles F. Hall, edited by 
J. E. Nourse, Washington, 1879. Appendix III, On the Geology of Frobisher Bay, 
and Field Bay, by B. K. Emerson, p. 408. 

2Tbidem, pp. 410-411. 


Proce. N. M. vol. xxii 10 


146 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


crops all around the summit with vertical sides 10 to 20 feet high. The summit or 
table top is covered with moss and grass and several large bowlders of glacial origin. 
At its southeastern extremity it is joined to the range of mountains running par- 
allel to the mount and rising to altitudes of from 500 to 800 feet. Between the 
mount and neighboring mountain side flows a good-sized brook, flowing northwardly 
and out into the valley between the 
greater and lesser mounts. 

This brook has probably caused the 
separation of these two elevations, 
and has carried a quantity of clay 
and limestone out into the valley for 
several hundred yards. 

A close scrutiny of the adjacent 
mountain range revealed no limestone 
formation on its side. The rock of this 
range is a dark mica-schist, the dips 
making an angle of about 30° with the 
horizon. Its surface in many places 
shows the marks of glaciation (one 
moraine lying against the northern 
side of the smaller mount), but for the 
most part the parent ledge is hidden 
under a quantity of its own rock 
broken up by frost action. 

‘I found a great number of limestone 
bowlders, erratics, scattered through 
the valley of the Jordan River and on 
Se Sere the sides and summits of the moun- 
Fic. 2.—A NEAR VIEW OF SILLIMAN’s Fossin Mount, tains which border it. 

(Photograph by R. W. Porter.) Finally, it may be interesting to 

know that the natives told me that 

these same formations containing fossils existed in several localities in the lake 
region of the interior. 

Very truly, yours, 


RUSSELL W. PORTER. 


Region west and northwest of Frobisher Bay.—From Mr. Porter’s 
account of Silliman’s Fossil Mount, it is evident that similar Lower 
Silurian strata occur in the lake region of the interior of Baffin Land. 

Mr. EK. M. Kindle! reports that Missionary Peck obtained from Lake 
Kennedy, which lies northwest of the head of Cumberland Sound, the 
following drift fossils: 

Zaphrentis sp.? [probably Streptelasma corniculum|. 

Halysites catenulatus |probably var. gracilis Hall]. 

Maclurea magna? [probably Maclurina manitobensis]. 

Endoceras proteiforme. 

With the fauna of Silliman’s Fossil Mount as a guide, it is probable 
that no horizon other than the Trenton is indicated by the species cited. 

Dr. Robert Bell? reports that— 


On ice pans farther up the coast [from Big Island in Hudson Strait], or to the 


1 Amer. Journ. Sci., 4th ser., II, 1896, p. 456. 

2 Observations on the Geology, etc., of Hudson Strait and Bay, made in 1885. Ann. 
Rept. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Canada, new ser., I, 1885, pp. DD. For a sum- 
mary of North American Arctic geology see the report of the same Survey for 1886, 
II, 1887, p. R. 


NO. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 147 


northwestward, I found fragments of shaly marl and of gray limestone with fossils, 
among which Receptaculites Oweni was easily distinguished. Shells and bryozoa, 
belonging to moderately deep-water species, were found on the same pans. The 
limestone fragments, just mentioned, would point to the occurrence of Silurian rocks 
on or near the great bays in the western part of the north shore of the straits, where 
the land is said to be low [see also the description of Akpatok Island]. Dr. Franz 
Boas of Berlin [now of New York] has recorded the existence of these rocks in the 
interior of Baffin Land, about 2 degrees of latitude north of this region, He says:! 
“Through the occurrence of the Silurian rocks in the Nettilling (Lake) (— Lake 
Kennedy), the discovery of the same formation at the upper end of Frobisher Bay 
increases in value. We must now suppose that the Silurian limestones, which appear 
at Prince Ruperts Inlet, extend from there to Frobisher Bay, and overlie the granites 
and gneisses of Baffins Bay aud Davis Strait. We will not be far astray if we con- 
nect this extensive Silurian district with the limestones which occur to the south of 
Igluling; and which form the flat eastern half of Melville Peninsula. Southward 
from Nettilling, these rocks rise in low hill ranges.” 


Farther to the north, great areas of Upper Silurian rocks occur, 
yielding characteristic fossils of this age. In association with this 
fauna also occur species of Lower Silurian age. Two of these are. 
Receptaculites arcticus Etheridge, and R. occidentalis Salter. The latter 
may be the same as R. oweni of this paper, a species closely related to 
R. occidentalis. One or both of these species are found associated with 
a typical Upper Silurian fauna at Cape Louis Napoleon (latitude 79° 
38/ north), and Cape Frazer (latitude 79° 45/ north). Maclurea arctica 
Haughton, WM. logani Salter, and M. magna Lesueur, are also identified 
as occurring in this region in Upper Silurian faunas. Such localities 
are Fury Point (latitude 72° 50’ north, longitude 92° west), Depot Bay 
(latitude 72° north, longitude 94° west), Cape Hilgard (latitude 79° 
41’ north), and Bessels Bay (latitude 81° 6’). Maclurea arctica with 
Actinoceras crebriseptum Hall and Receptaculites neptunt Defrance (prob- 
ably = R. oweni) are found with Upper Silurian fossils on the west 
coast of King Williams Island. Maclurea, or Maclurina, is a genus 
restricted to the Lower Silurian, and the same is true of Actinoceras 
crebriseptum. On the other hand, Etheridge has described as Helico- 
toma nuresii, a similar shell from the Upper Silurian of Offley Island 
(latitude 81° 16’ north) and with this the author has identified a speci- 
men in the U.S. National Museum collected by Dr. E. Bessels at Polaris 
Bay (latitude 81° 38’ north). The preservation of these shells, however, 
is such that any identification will have little value. 

The foregoing facts can be interpreted in various ways: 

First, Arctic collections of fossils are usually made by explorers who 
pick up loose fossils, some of which may have been carried by the ice 
considerable distances. In this way, specimens from several horizons 
become mixed. The author, however, does not believe that this is gen- 
erally the case here, since the apparant mixtures occur in seven local- 
ities distributed between latitudes 72° to 81° 6’ north. 

Secondly, the identifications are not uniform, and this is particularly 
true of the specimens ot Maclurea. For the present, therefore, it will 


' Petermann’s Mittheilungen, November, 1885. 


148 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. I 


be necessary to eliminate such identifications as horizon markers from ; 
the Upper Silurian local faune. 

Thirdly, Receptaculites arcticus,! R. occidentalis, and R. oweni are good 
Lower Silurian horizon markers and are easily identified. Therefore 
the writer accepts the presence of these forms as indicative of Lower 
Silurian rocks. Such localities are Cape Louis Napoleon, Cape Frazer, 
and the west coast of King Williams Island. 

From this evidence, it appears that to the north of Baffin Land wher 
areas of Trenton strata occur, and likewise that at Cape Louis Napoleon, 
Cape Frazer, and on the west coast of King Williams Island, they 
underlie the Upper Silurian beds. Probably, it is this occurrence 
rather than the transportation by ice, which has led to the aes of 
the faunas. 

Akpatok Island.—The Trenton of Frobisher Bay and Lake Kennedy 
apparently continues southward to Hudson Strait, where, in the vicinity 
of Big Island, Receptaculites owent was found by Dr. Bell on pan ice, as 
described above. Another Trenton limestone area occurs more to the 
east, and near the south shore of Hudson Strait, on Akpatok Island, in 
Ungava Bay. Here Dr. Bell? obtained 90 fossils of Trenton age. He 
writes: 


The portion of the island which I saw [northern end to middle of east side] con- 
sists of unaltered gray limestone in horizontal beds, and it presents a perpendicular 
wall 400 to 500 feet high all along. This sea wall is clear cut and the beds appear 
thick and solid, but wherever their edges have been long exposed to the weather or 
in the hillsides and ravines of the interior, they split up into thinner layers. Some 
fragments observed in one place had the appearance of lithographic stone. * * * 
This formation must here have a thickness of 900 feet above sea level, and there is 
possibly a great additional thickness of Cambro-Silurian rocks beneath the sea level. 


EXTENT OF THE ARCTIC TRENTON. 


From the foregoing description of localities, it appears that Middle 
Lower Silurian horizons are very extensive in eastern Arctic America. 
Such are known in places on either side of Hudson Strait, Frobisher 
Bay, the interior of Baffin Land, and to the north of this land at vari- 
ous localities between latitudes 79° and 80° north. As far as known, 
these strata unconformably overlie very ancient crystalline rocks and 
are in turn overlain by Upper Silurian beds of Niagara or Wenlock age. 
Lower Cambrian rocks are found in southern Labrador, but in the 
region of Baftin Land such are not known to be present. Here, then, 
there seems to be a complete break from the Laurentian to the Tren- 
ton, followed by another break paleontogically, in the absence of the 
Cincinnatian beds, and probably the lower horizons of the Upper 
Silurian. The Lower Silurian fossils of this area indicate nothing older 
than the por Trenton of New York and the Galena of Wisconsin and 


iPhe fans of ani species are in adhe British Mnccnn and Dr. Hinde in his work 
on the Receptaculitide (Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., London, November, 1884, p. 845) 
gives the horizon as Lower Silurian. 

2Summary Rept. of Geol. Surv. Dept. for the year 1897-98, pp. 82, 83 


No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 149 


- Minnesota, and nothing younger than the Utica stage of the United 
States. The thickness of these beds is not less than 900 feet and prob- 
ably exceeds this. 

This summary is based on information known to the author, and, 
while the evidence is meager, the essential geological age and the 
sequence of the rocks of Baftin Land seem to be established. 


PALEONTOLOGY. 


Hall's collections.—The few fossils collected at Silliman’s Fossil Mount 
and brought to America by Mr. Hall were identified by R. P. Stevens! 
for the New York Lyceum of Natural History, as follows: 

Maclurea magna Leseuer [probably Maclurina manitobensis]. 

Endoceras proteiforme Hall? [—Cameroceras proteiforme]. 

Orthoceras (badly worn specimens). 

Heliolites (new species). 

Heliolites (new species). 

Halysites catenulata. : 

Receptaculites (new species) [=?R. oweni of this paper]. 

There is apparently nothing in this list but what was again discov- 
ered in 1897. Mr. Stevens writes that ‘the fossils, without doubt, are 
all Lower Silurian,” and on the basis of the Maclurea magna “would 
place the limestone containing it on the horizon of the Chazy limestone 
of New York.” However, it does not appear that this writer announced 
any particular age beyond Lower Silurian for the rocks comprised in 
‘Silliman’s Fossil Mount.? 

_Another lot of fossils collected by Hall on his first expedition to 
Frobisher Bay was given to Amherst College, and forms the basis of 
Prof. B. K. Emerson’s report ‘‘On the Geology of Frobisher Bay and 
Field Bay.” In this lot, there is apparently nothing from Silliman’s 
Fossil Mount, but Utica and Trenton fossils are present from localities 
more to the eastward and from the north shore of Frobisher Bay. 
These are: 


TRENTON SPECIES. UTICA SPECIES. 
[‘‘ Gray argillaceous limestone.” ?Cape Stevens.] | [‘‘Flinty bituminous limestone.” ?Jones Cape. j 
Buthotrephis cfr. gracilis Hall. Diplograptus dentatus(Brongniart). 
Stictopora ramosa Hall? Lingula curta Conrad. 
Rhynchonella. | Hndoceras proteiforme Hall. 
Tellinomya levata Hall. Orthoceras laqueatum Hall? 
Murchisonia gracilis? Triarthrus becki Green. 
Conularia trentonensis Hall. Calymmene senaria Conrad. 


1Amer. Journ. Sci., 2d ser., XXXV, 1863, pp. 293, 294. 

2Prof. B. K. Emerson says: ‘‘We made inquiry, but can find no traces of this or 
the other fossils reported upon in Mr. Stevens’s article quoted.” See ‘On the Geol- 
ogy of Frobisher Bay and Field Bay.” Appendix III to ‘Narrative of the Second 
Arctic Expedition made by Charles F. Hall,” edited by Prof. J. E. Nourse, Washing- 
ton, 1879, p. 576. 


150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


y 


TRENTON SPECIES—continued. UTICA SPECIES—continued. 
[‘‘Gray argillaceous limestone.” ?Cape Stevens.] | [‘‘ Flinty bituminous limestone.” ?Jones Cape.] 


Tentaculites. Cyphaspis frobishert Kmerson. 
Leperditia alta Conrad. . 

Leperditia canadensis Jones. 

Primitia muta Jones. 

Frimitia frobishert Emerson. 

Beyrichia symmetricus Emerson. 

Asaphus sp. 


The Trenton horizon may be the same as that of Silliman’s Fossil 
Mount. In any event, the foregoing lists indicate horizons intimately 
connected, and it is probable that all the fossiliferous strata at the head 
of Frobisher Bay are of Trenton and Utica age. 

Akpatok Island.—The fossils collected by Dr. Bell on Akpatok Island 
have been studied by Professor Whiteaves,' with the following results: 

The species indicate the Trenton limestone, and ‘are remarkably 
similar to the fossils of the Trenton formation of the Red River Valley 
in Manitoba.” ‘Eleven had previously been found in the Manitoba 
Trenton, and nine are species that are common at East Selkirk and 
Lower Fort Garry.” This fauna also connects directly with that of 
Silliman’s Fossil Mount. 

The following is a list of the species: 

Receptaculites owent Hall. . 

Streptelasma robustum W hiteaves. 

Calapecia canadensis Billings. 

Rafinesquina lata Whiteaves. 

Leptena unicostata (Meek and Worthen). 

Plectambonites sericea (Sowerby). 

Orthis tricenaria Conrad. 

Orthis (Dinorthis) meedsi arctica Schuchert. 

Orthis (Hebertella) bellirugosa (Conrad). 

Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria (Dalman). 

Platystrophia biforata (Schlotheim). 

?Rhynchotrema inequivalvis (Castelnau). 

Cyrtoceras manitobense Whiteaves. 


1Amer. Journ. Sci., 4th ser., VII, 1899, pp. 433, 434. 


No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN L4ND—SCHUCHERT. 


151 


List of fossils from Silliman’s Fossil Mount and their distribution. 


Species. 


or 


Birdseye 
Lowville. 


Receptaculites oweni Hall....... Waaainta nace ce woe cect coe emirsomnile 
HischMnitesvowmensisi( Owen) secceecioccecamnancenaccs ce caceieecsie 
Halysites catenulatus gracilis (Hall) .........------------------- 
Tyellia afinis (Billings) -~--- <2. .25-..-s2-ce eee e= -- == nee ee 
Plasmopora lambw, new species ..-..------------------+-------- 
Calapevia canadensis Billings....--..--...----------------+----- 
Streptelasma corniculum iE Lee eae es eR tere es oe 
IPOKOCTUNUS SNA2Ut, DOW: SPCCICS) «1,-1.1 sine > <\-l- > i= =e le a 
LEEK ROC DOS Ci fHHOS MDGS? SasacecoancadooncKcoS=cecoceqco9500008 
Crepipora, species undetermined ..........------.-------------- 
OpinsiimicenarioCOnradeerece eee eeeeereonesce cease ero eee 
Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria (Dalman)-..-......------------ 
Orthis (Plectorthis) plicatella Hall.........----..---------------- 
Orthis (Hebertetla) borealis (Billings) ......----.---------------- 
Orthis (Hebertella) bellirugosa (Conrad) ........----------------- 
Orthis (Dinorthis) meedsi Winchell and Schuchert-..---.-.------ 
Orthis (Dinorthis) meedst arctica, new variety .-...--.---------- 
Platystrophia bifo: ata (Schlotheim)........--..-..-------------- 
Parastrophia hemiplicata Hall..-.-....-.-.- Raye fale Cas aiceteen yer mia 
Rhynchotrema inequivalvis (Castelnau) ......-..--------------- 
GienodontarysubnasiutonWilrichytasssascsnee nec ceneec eae e eel 
Ctenodonta frobisherensis, new species....-------.-------------- 
Ctenodonta carpenderi, new species.-.-..-.--------------------- 
Ctenodonta bajinensis, new species. ......---.------------------ 
Modiolodon arctica, new species .--..--..-....------------------ 
Whiteavesia symmetricus, hew species .....---.---- Se Ppecacroeae 
Cyrtodonta sillimanensis, new species. .--...---------------- 
Cyrtodonta gibbera, Ulrich variety.....--.----.----------------- 
WCRI CRD WNT BakossoocoscoacosancoasaebonbeSpeoDoE 
Vanuxemia bafinensis, new species ....--..-.---------------+--- 
Whitella arcticus, new specieS....-....----------+----------eeeee 
Sara WOCSGs USO eaoosocsngocbbooduocssasonceqoaqodsoce 
Protowarthia pervolutus Ulrich and Scofield --.-.....--.-------- 
Tetranota obsoleta Ulrich and Scofield....-.--------------------- 
Kokenia costalis Ulrich and Scofield ...-.-....------------------ 
Bellerophon similis Ulrichand Scofield...--.-------------------- 
Lophospira spironema Ulrich and Scofield ..-..--..------------- 
Liospira americana (Billings)...-.---..-.-----------------++---- 
Clathrospira conica Ulrich and Scofield.......-...---.----------- 
Seely a(2)rulwicht NewiSpeCles-- cas -acceeneos esos ee anise ele 
Je aanoTn@ (A) Uanrocna: SEMI BeagouconbauduUee csoduauadousoaouee 
Maclurina manitobensis (Whiteaves) .....--------.------------- 
Maclurina cuneata (Whittield) ............-.-----.------------- 
Maclurea crassa Ulrich and Scofield .--.....----.-----.--------- 
Trochonema umbilicatum (Hall)........------------------------- 
Trochonema (Eunema) robbinsi Ulrich and Scotield . ..----.----- 
sHolopea arctica, New Species. -.+2--s-2+sne.0--+- 2-552 ees e-s 5 
Trochus (?), species undetermined.......-..-..-..--------------- 
Fusispira inflata (Meek and Worthen) ...----.----------------- 
Fusispira nobilis Ulrich and Schofield ........------------------ 
Camerocerasiproteuforme) (Hall) pteesee ee. asec eee a eee eee 
Orthoceras olorus bafinensis, new variety...-.------------------- 
Onihocerastbuliveatum ilalleeee sets eee eee oeiee cece 
Orthoceras\portert, New. SPCCl@S.=..---02- s-<--22----+2-2252 ~~ - 
Orthoceras scalariformis, new species ..-...--------------------- 
Cyrtoceras manitobense Whiteaves.......-------------.--------- 
Cyrtoceras cornulwm, new species..-----.--.------- bs Ree acantes 
Cyrtoceras bafinensis, new species ...-.------------------------- 
Clinoceras exiguum (Billings)......-....--------------+--+------ 
Oncoceras arcticum, New species .....---.----------------------- 
Poterioceras, species undetermined....-.-----------------.------ 
Eurystomites plicatus Whiteaves -..-.----------- -------------- 
LEY OOGYIOROS GRO: ONTO 15 ooo acoooodoae bomouacacuneoaceooDe done 
EZR UINUVUU Ca OLBIGUCE ENTE ee eco ene acetone Cine eee ae lo sieicein sais 
Kn oUsella 2am CwaS POCLESe anc sen cose nes anew sabe ce ae clues eecaaee 
Nileus vigilans (Meek and Worthen)...-......------------------ 
Illenus crassicauda americanus (Billings) 
Isotelus gigas De Kay 


Dalmanites (Pterygometopus) goodrigi, new species...----.----- 
Ceraurus pleurexanthemus Green ....... Seesmic Sdoagsenoddooda 
Total 


Horizons. 
I 
elie 
“E | Ba | 
4 | 
~) og 
a 5 | 
S| ae 
Oo |e 
conGad x 
ddcona x 
Sgenee x 
Dm Vi Poegeiecs 
revatarstss|| x 
x x 
x x 
Saasde x 
SAeeSE x 
x xa 
cacouc | 
ay K 
eeceee Xx 
ecHaos x 
eaten x 
Bab aS x 
x Xx 
x x 
Stein terete x 
Seenicie x 
> XS 
xX | x 
KEAN eV reve, See 
ane sts x 
Sete x 
xX x 
ursfalete x 
Soaeas x 
x x 
wee eee ea sa 
x x 
| 
wee eee |(atetate tates 
bye aaers x 
tere: | 
ys Naodooe 
. | 
eed eesecs 
Ne eee |aeeces 
x x 
bSegce x 
| vy 
eosecce | x 
x 
17 38 


Regions. 
. _ 7 - 

oj ‘ 
SU Siu ish 
3 Sof \)o8 
sS 2S Ib 5 
A | of | RE 
| Sia cs 
° =| | & 
Bh ests a) 
Sle 7 
Mi Ne olata Xx Santee 
SeBoso PS SSE See 
esana6 x BABA 
XY laseddolliséoase 
ei ee ae 
Ma \lpssocollsecnad 
een xix 
x x xX 
x Dry Meee 
p8beds x x 
Speen Ge Gg eee 
Seeger Pe Bee 
x x x 
acetal x x 
sesehS x x 
fos anes x DS 
EEE a eke ie 
SaaoaG DGien Norsemen 
50806 Gelso ae 
x x x 
od0n06 x sarees 
ee ae KSAleeeees 
Sonece PONE SAa eee 
assis x xX 
x XG ibrew 
Sa ehh (eases 
eeterere x Sees 
aettetere x SHOSeC 
2 x x 
oo00K0 x aererey= 
so0000 x aeeejere 
Binds Nc alee 
candao x x 
x all ia 
wey are Pal oeamecs 
x x x 
panscaiedace: e=eg53 
age ea ayy 


152 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Age of Silliman’s Fossil Mount.—From Mr. Porter’s description, it 
will be seen that the fossils recently collected at Silliman’s Fossil 
Mount are from various horizons, and yet there is nothing to indicate 
the presence of more than one fauna. The foregoing list shows that at 
present there are 72 species known from this locality, and of these 28 
are restricted to it. There are, therefore, 54 species which are common 
to other localities, a goodly number with which to make safe correla- 
tions. Of these 54 species, 41, or 57 per cent of the known fauna, are 


also found in the region of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa, while 17 — 


are known to occur in New York and Ottawa. 

On comparing the 54 widely distributed species with those from 
definite stages in Minnesota, it is seen that 10 are also found in Birds- 
eye (= Lowville), 17 in the Black River, 38, or about 70 per cent, in the 
Galena, the direct equivalent of the New York Trenton, and 11 in the 
Cincinnatian group. 

From these figures it is evident that the stage of Silliman’s Fossil 
Mount belongs in the Galena, and that the fauna is more intimately 
related to that of the Minnesota region than to the Trenton of New 
York. When the New York Trenton fauna is restudied in the light of 
recent researches in Minnesota,' however, it will be shown that the 
two faunas have more in common than now appears. On the other 
hand, the lithological similarities of the Minnesota Galena and Silli- 
man’s Fossil Mount—light-colored shales predominating in both areas— 
may explain in large measure the close identity of these widely sepa- 
rated faunas. 

This little fauna likewise brings out the fact that the corals, brachi- 
opods, gastropods, and the trilobites are slow in their evolutional 
change, and the species can therefore spread over very great areas, 
while the cephalopods, and particularly the pelecypods, are more sen- 
sitive to change, and are thus restricted to localities. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES. 


Uncertain Class. 
Family RECEPTACULITID Roemer. 


RECEPTACULITES OWENI Hall. 


Receptaculites owent HALL, Geol. Rept. Wis., 1862, p. 46, fig. 2; p. 429. —WINCHELL 
and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 57, pl. F, figs. 1-4. 


In the present collection, this species is represented by a large disk- 
Shaped specimen which measures 6 inches from the central apex to the 


See the two magnificent volumes on the paleontology of the Lower Silurian fos- 


sils of Minnesota, entitled Geology of Minnesota, III, Pts. 1, 2, published by the 
Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota, N. H. Winchell, State 
Geologist. 


. 


ao, 


No. 1192, TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 153 


circumference, making the species originally not less than 12 inches 
over all. This is about the usual size for the larger specimens of R. 
oweni in Minnesota, although examples have been seen 20 inches in 
diameter. 

Etheridge has described FR. arcticus from Cape Frazer and Cape Louis 
Napoleon in Grinnell Land. This is also a large disk-shaped species, 
similar in growth to R. owent, but the walls are usually twice as thick, 
and the transverse tubes are much larger and fewer in a given space 
than in the species last named. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat. 
No. 28143, U.S.N.M. 


ISCHADITES IOWAENSIS (Owen). 


Selenoides iowensis OWEN, Geol. Surv. Wis., Iowa, Minn., 1852, p. 587, pl. 2B, fig. 13. 
Ischadites iowensis WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 64, 
pl. F, figs. 5, 6. 
A well-preserved fragment of this species is identical with specimens 
from Goodhue County, Minnesota. 
- Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28144, U.S.N.M. 


Class CCH LHNTHRATA. 
Order ALCYONARIA Edwards and Haime. 


Family HALYSITID. 


HALYSITES CATENULATUS, var. GRACILIS Hall. 


- Halysites catenularia var. gracilis LAMBE, Geol. Surv. Canada, Cont. to Canadian 
Pal., *V, 1899, p. 69, pl. 11, figs. 5-7. 

Of this widely distributed species, which begins in the Trenton and 
dies out in the Lower Helderberg, there are several excellent specimens 
present. These Arctic Trenton specimens are in harmony with the 
variety gracilis, which is restricted to the Trenton and Lorraine stages. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat. 
No. 28138, U.S.N.M. 


Family HELIOPORIDA‘ Moseley. 


LYELLIA AFFINIS (Billings). 


For synonymy see Lambe, Geol. Surv. Canada, Cont. to Canadian Pal., IV, 1899, 
p. 84. 

This species, of which there are in the present collection three well- 
preserved examples, Mr. Lambe says occurs in the ‘“‘ Hudson River and 
Niagara formations, in the four divisions of the Anticosti group, and 
in the Lower Helderberg group.” To this range is now added the 
Trenton stage. 

Collectors.—J.N.Carpender and A.V. Shaw. Cat. No.28139, U.S.N.M. 


154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL. 


a 


PLASMOPORA LAMBII, new species. 


This species begins growth on some small foreign object, and expands 
to a diameter exceeding 12 em. by 7 em. in height. Beyond the place 
of attachment the lower surface is irregularly concave and covered by 
a thin epitheca. The upper surface is in form depressed hemispheric 
to conical. Corallites from 1 to 1.75 mm. in diameter, commonly about 
1.25 mm., circular, and separated from one another from 0.5 to 1.25 mm. 
Septa not prominent, and where the original surface is well preserved 
not easily distinguishable from the radial striations, or granular sur- 
face, of the tubular area. Corallites with very closely adjoining tabulz, 
which are generally decidedly vesicular, but in places they are flat. In 
longitudinal sections there are from two to five tubules between neigh- 
boring corallites; the tabulz are convex, generally giving the inter-cor- 
allite space a decided vesicular structure. 

The general vesicular condition of the tabule in both the tubules and 
corallites distinguishes P. lambii. This feature was pointed out by Mr. 
Lawrence M. Lambe of the Canadian Geological Survey, and the writer 
takes pleasure in connecting his name with this new species in appre- 
ciation of his excellent work on the corals of Canada. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat. 
No. 28140, U.S.N.M. 


CALAPCCIA CANADENSIS Billings. 
For synonymy see Lambe, Geol. Surv. Canada, Cont. to Canadian Pal., IV, 1859, 
p. 43. 

Of this species, there is a small, depressed, hemispheric specimen in 
which the corallites are in contact, and therefore there is little inter- 
zooecial vesicular tissue. The hexagonal, nearly uniform corallites are 
from 3 to4 mm. in width, and each has from 18 to 20 septa. 

The above identification is confirmed by Mr. Lawrence M. Lambe. 

Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28142, U.S.N.M. 


Order MADREPORARIA Edwards and Haime 
Suborder TETRACORALLA Haeckel. 
Family STREPTELASMID A‘ Nicholson. 


STREPTELASMA CORNICULUM Hall. 
Streptelasma corniculum HALu, Pal. N. Y., I, 1847, p. 69, pl. xxv, figs. la—le.—WInN- 
CHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 18935, p. 90, pl. G, figs. 20, 21. 
This characteristic Trenton cup coral is common 1n the strata of Silli- 
man’s Fossil Mount, and agrees well with specimens from the Galena 
horizon of Minnesota. 
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat. 
No. 28141, U.S.N.M. The American Museum of Natural History has a 
number of specimens collected by Mr. kh. W. Porter. 


ae nase 


GNCSINOs DI SyANG 


No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 155 
} 
| Family CRYPTOCRINID Zittel. 


POROCRINUS SHAW/I, new species. 
(Plate XII, figs. 1-3.) 


This species is most nearly related to P. smitht Grant,! as far as the 
shape of the dorsal cup, elevation of the costa, and form of the plates 
are concerned. It differs, however, from all American species in that 
the circular pore-rhomb spaces are larger. This is particularly true of 
the lowest series, which occupy nearly the entire basal plates besides 
portions of two adjoining subradials. The rhombs are also very large 
in the interradial areas on each side of the arm bases. 

The ambulacral grooves are narrow and short, and within the shallow 
vestibule terminate abruptly below into the body cavity. The margin 
bordering the large, central, circular opening is somewhat notched at 
each ambulacral groove, giving the impression that there may have 
been communication between the oral opening and each ambulacral 
groove. The smaller ventral plates are not preserved in this specimen, 
which is the only one known. 

Named for Mr. A. V. Shaw, of Boston, Massachusetts, who was one 
of the Frobisher Bay party of 1897. - 

Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28145, U.S.N.M. 


Family LICHENOCRINID A, 
LICHENOCRINUS AFFINIS Miller. 


Lichenocrinus affinis MILLER, Journ. Cinn. Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1882, p. 229, pl. rx, 
figs. 7, Ta. 

But a single specimen of this species has been noted, and this was 
attached to an Orthoceras. It has the general aspects of L. affinis in 
the pentagonal column, form of body, slight convexity, number of plates, 
and the general irregularity of these, both in form and arrangement. 

The genus Lichenocrinus has not been previously recorded from rocks 
below the Utica. In the Cincinnatian group specimens are often abun- 
dant where L. affinis occurs in the upper third or Richmond stage. 

Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28146, U.S.N.M. 


1 Ottawa Field Nat. Club, Trans. No. 2, 1881, p. 42, plate, figs. 1-8. 


156 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


BRYOZOA. 
Family CERAMOPORIID) Ulrich. 


CREPIPORA, species undetermined. 


Specimens of this species were sent to Mr. EH. O. Ulrich, who identified 
them as belonging to Crepipora. The minute structure, meat is 
poorly preserved, and no thin sections were made. 

Collectors.—A. H. White, J. N. Carpender, and A. V. shame Cat. 
“No. 28147, U.S.N.M. 


Class BRACHIOPODA. 
Order PROTREMATA Beecher. 
Family ORTHIDAL Woodward. 


ORTHIS TRICENARIA Conrad. 


Orthis tricenaria CONRAD, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1848, p. 333.—WINCHELL 


and ScHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893, p. 418, pl. xxxur, fig. 18-23. 


This well-known and characteristic Trenton species is represented by 
two specimens, which are small for this form, but otherwise closely re- 
semble those from the Galena shale of Minnesota. On Akpatok Island 
the species attained the largest growth known, being more than three 
times as large as those found in Baffin Land. 

Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28149, U.S.N.M. One speci- 
men was also found by Mr. R. W. Porter and is now in the American 
Museum of Natural History. 


ORTHIS (DALMANELLA) TESTUDINARIA (Dalman). 


Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, 
Pt. 2, 1893, p. 441, pl. xxxiu, figs. 17-22. 

This ubiquitous Lower Silurian species is very abundant at Silliman’s 
Fossil Mount, and at this locality is quite constant in its characters. 
_ The specimens belong to the variety with fine striz, in which the dorsal 
valve is often slightly convex, recalling the subgenus Rhipidomella 
rather than Dalmanella. However, other examples have the typical 
flat dorsal valve, with a well-defined median sinus. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat. 
No. 28148, U.S.N.M. The American Museum of Natural History also 
has a number of specimens collected by Mr. R. W. Porter. 


ORTHIS (PLECTORTHIS) PLICATELLA Hall. 


Orthis (Plectorthis) plicatella WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, 

Pt. 1, 1893, p. 436, pl. xx x11, figs. 5-7. 
As arule, this species is not abundant in the Trenton either in New 
York orin Minnesota, but at Silliman’s Fossil Mount itis a common shell. 


No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCH UCHERT. 157 


The Arctic examples are large and robust, and agree rather with speci- 
mens from Watertown, New York, than with those from Minnesota, 
which are somewhat smaller. The species is often confounded with 
Orthis (Hebertella) borealis, but can be easily distinguished by the 
almost entire absence of fold and sinus. When these are present, how- 
ever, they are found to occupy a position the reverse of that seen in the 
latter species. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat. 
No. 28150, U.S.N.M. A number of specimens collected by Mr. R. W. 
Porter are in the American Museum of Natural History. 


ORTHIS (HEBERTELLA) BOREALIS (Billings). 


Orthis (Hebertella) borealis WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 
1893, p. 433, figs. 33a-33¢. : 

This well-developed species is represented by six typical specimens. 
They much resemble O. (P.) plicatella externally except in the position 
of the fold and sinus, which is the reverse of that seen in Hall’s 
species. 

Collector.—J. N. Carpender. In the American Museum of Natural 
History there are three specimens collected by R. W. Porter. Cat. 
No. 28151, U.S.N.M. 


ORTHIS (HEBERTELLA?) BELLIRUGOSA (Conrad). 


Orthis (Hebertella?) bellarugosa WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., Ii, 
Pt. 1, 1895, p. 454, pl. xxx111, figs. 1-4. 

This species is never abundant in the Trenton, and the same is true 
in Baffin Land. Mr. Russell W. Porter found a single specimen, which 
is now in the American Museum of Natural History. This form also 
occurs on Akpatok Island, Ungava Bay, Labrador. 


ORTHIS (DINORTHIS) MEEDSI Winchell and Schuchert, var. ARCTICA, 
. new variety. 


(Plate XII, figs. 7, 8.) 


Orthis (Dinorthis) meedsi WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 
1893, p. 427, pl. xx11, figs. 39-45. 

This species, which is common in the Galena or Trenton stage of 
Minnesota, is also abundant at the Frobisher Bay locality. As in Min- 
nesota, it is here also a very variable species. However, among the 
Arctic specimens this variation tends toward the equalization and 
increase of the number of plications, while in Minnesota, bundling of 
the plications accompanied by the development of a conspicuous dorsal 
sinus, is the chief trend of variation. The specimens having the last- 
named characters were given the varietal name germana. On the same . 
ground it may be advisable to name the Arctic variation—those with 
the more numerous and equal plications, and an obsolete or nearly obso- 
lete dorsal-sinus variety—arctica. 


158 PROCEEDINGS OF THK NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


O. (D.) meedsi of Silliman’s Fossil Mount also recalls O. (D.) proavita 
and O. (D.) subquadrata, showing that the three probably belong to 
one stock. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. Nos. 28152,3, 
U.S.N.M. A number of specimens are in the American ‘Museum of 
Natural History, which were collected by Mr. R. W. Porter. 


PLATYSTROPHIA BIFORATA (Schlotheim ). 


Platystrophia biforata WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 1, 1893, 
p. 455, pl. xxx, figs. 51-54. 

This ubiquitous Silurian species appears to be rare at the Frobisher 
Bay locality, since but three specimens are present. These are small, 
a condition in harmony with their Trenton age, and have short hinge 
lines devoid of hinge extensions. The latter feature is best developed 
in the upper or Richmond stage of the Cincinnatian group. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28154, 
U.S.N.M. A single specimen is in the collection of the American 
Museum of Natural History. 


Family PORAMBONITID2 Davidson. 


PARASTROPHIA HEMIPLICATA Hall. 
Parastrophia hemiplicata SCHUCHERT, Bull. U. 8. Geol. Surv., No. 87, 1897, p.300. 


These small early pentameroids are under size in the Arctic locality, 
but otherwise are more in harmony with examples from New York than 
with those from Minnesota. 

Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28156, U.S.N.M. 


Order TELOTREMATA Beecher. 
Family RHYNCHONELLID A Gray. 


RHYNCHOTREMA MINNESOTENSIS (Sardeson). 


Rhynchotrema inequivalvis WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT (part), Geol. Minn., III, 
Pt. 1, 1893, p. 459, pl. Xxx1v, figs. 9-11, 15-23 (not figs. 12-14, 24, 25). 

Rhynchonella minnesotensis SARDESON, Bull. Minn. Acad. Nat. Sci., III, 1892, p. 333, 
pl. rv, figs. 21-23; Amer. Geol., XVIII, 1896, p. 184. 

The common Rhynchonella from the Birdseye or Lowville and Black 
River stages, which is usually identified as RK. increbescens Hall, is 
always devoid of the concentric lamell so characteristic of A. incre- 
bescens= R. inequiralvis of the Trenton stage. Occasional specimens 
occur with a few of the lamelle near the anterior margin, but gen- 
erally the shell is devoid of these, their places being occupied by very 
fine, wavy, concentric lines. In higher beds, these fine lines develop 
into stronger and more extended lamelle, which find their greatest 
development in Rhynchotrema perlamellosum of the upper or Richmond 
stage of the Cincinnatian group. 


No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 159 


The form of R.minnesotensis is quite variable and can not be of much 
aid in distinguishing this shell from A. inequivalvis. The two are often 
found associated in the same beds, and it is then difficult to identify 
them correctly. This fact led Winchell and Schuchert, in 1893, to regard 
both as belonging to one species, Rk. inequivalvis. 

Locality and formation.—In the Lowville and particularly in the 
Black River stages of the Trenton in Minnesota and Wisconsin, Lex- 
ington, Kentucky, and in the Cincinnatian group at Savannah, Illinois. 
This species and R. inwquivalvis subtrigonalis are unknown at Silli- 
man’s Fossil Mount. 


RHYNCHOTREMA INAQUIVALYVIS (Castelnau). 


Spirifer inequivalvis CASTELNAU, Essai Systeme Sil. VAmérique Septentrionale, 
1843, p. 40, pl. xiv, fig. 8. 

Atrypa increbescens HALL, Pal. N. Y., I, 1847, p. 146, pl. xxxum1, figs. 13a-13h 
(probably not p. 289, pl. LXXxIx, fig. 6). 

Rhynchotrema inequivalvis WINCHELL and SCHUCHERT (part), Geol. Minn., III, 
Pt. 1, 1893, p. 459, pl. xxxrv, figs. 12-14, 24, 25 (not figs. 9-11, 15-23—R. 
minnesotensis ). : 

This species was first described by Castelnau, who obtained his spec- 
imens from the “magnesian limestone” of Drummonds Island. His 
figures show the characteristic concentric lamellx which are almost 
always present on these shells coming from the Trenton, and this 
feature distinguishes them from those found in the Lowville and 
Black River stages. Hall subsequently described this shell as Atrypa 
increbescens, but it is now generally known as Rhynchonella increbescens. 
The species is a characteristic form of the Trenton, while in the Cin- 
cinnatian group its descendant FR. capax attains large size, often great 
rotundity, with marked concentric lamelle. The lamellar develop- 
ment finds its extreme in R. perlamellosum. 

RK. inequivalvis is abundant at Silliman’s Fossil Mount, the concen- 
tric lamellz being also strongly developed in the specimens found. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat. 
No. 28155, U.S.N.M. <A number of specimens collected by Mr. R. W. 
Porter are in the American Museum of Natural History. 


RHYNCHOTREMA INAZQUIVALVIS SUBTRIGONALIS (Hall). 
Atrypa subtrigonalis HALL, Pal. N. Y., I, 1847, p. 145, pl. xxx, fig. 12. 


This shell is only an elongate variety of Rk. inwquivalvis and appears 
to be a rare form in the,Trenton of New York, yet at Curdsvilie, Ken- 
tucky, it is abundant. As in &. inwquivalvis, the lamelle are well 
developed, 


160 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


-— 


Class PHLHCY PODA. 
Family NUCULIDA Gray. 


CTENODONTA SUBNASUTA Ulrich ? 
(Plate XIII, figs. 4-6.) 


Ctenodonta subnasuta ULRICH, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 585, pl. xi, figs. 
34-36. 

There are two examples of this species, and these appear to agree 
best with Minnesota specimens of C. suwbnasuta. They were sent to 
Mr. E. O. Ulrich for direct comparison with his types. He writes: 

You can not be far wrong if you identify these specimens with C. subnasuta. Still, — 
there is some doubt as to their identity. The Arctic specimens are larger than the 
types, and relatively a little more elongate, while the basal outline is scarcely as 
convex, and the umbones not so full and evenly rounded. Finally, the smaller end, 
which I am now somewhat inclined to regard as the anterior, is relatively wider in 
your shells. I may add that the larger specimen indicates a thinner hinge plate 
than in the types, so that, after all, these specimens may belong to a distinct species. 
Typical C. subnasuta occur in the Trenton of Manitoba. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28163, 
U.S.N.M. 

CTENODONTA CARPENDERI, new species. 


(Plate XIII, figs. 1-3.) 


This is the most abundant pelecypod from Silliman’s Fossil Mount 
and appears to be closely related to C. cuneiformis Ulrich.' It dif- 
fers, however, in various details, particularly in always being consid- 
erably larger. C. carpenderi has also the general aspect of small 
specimens of O. nasuta, but differs in the straight hinge line, especially 
that of the posterior end, which terminates abruptly into the regularly 
convex outline of this portion of the shell. 

Mr. E. O. Ulrich, to whom several examples were sent, wrote as 
follows: 

These specimens are closely related to OC. cuneiformis Ulrich. The types of that 
species are much smaller, with the narrower end relatively shorter and the constric- 
tion more distinct. Good specific differences are found in the postcardinal region 
(i. e., assuming that the wider end is posterior). Here the Arctic species is more 
impressed, causing the umbonal ridge to be much more prominent, the postcardinal 
slopes wider and concave instead of flat. Just behind the beaks there is a triangu- 
lar shaped area (ligamental probably) which is wanting in C. cuneiformis. 

Named after Mr. J. N. Carpender, of New Brunswick, New Jersey, 
who made the most extensive collection of fossils at the head of Fro- 
bisher Bay. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. H. White, and A. V. Shaw. Cat. 
No. 28164, U.S.N.M. Other specimens collected by Mr. R. W. Porter 
are now in the American Museum of Natural History. : 


1Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 597, pl. xu, figs. 31-33. 


No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 161 


CTENODONTA BAFFINENSIS, new species (Ulrich). 
(Plate XIII, figs. 7-10.) 


There is but a single example of this species present, and this was 
provisionally identified as C. scofieldi Ulrich.’ The author of the species 
writes that, while it has the general aspect of C. scofieldi, it is neverthe- 
less sufficiently distinct to be recognized as new. Mr. Ulrich has made 
the following comparisons: 

At first sight this is extremely like C. scofieldi, but on closer inspection, and par- 
ticularly when compared with the types of that species, certain peculiarities become 
so prominent that I wonder that they were not observed at once. The first of these 
is a depression, or rather widening furrow, extending vertically from the beaks across 
the valves. This is sufficient to cause a straightening, even a slight concavity, in 
the ventral outline. The outline of the valves differs further in the postventral 
(wider) region being more prominent and more narrowly rounded here. In a car- 
dinal view the species agrees best with C. scofieldi, but in a lateral view the outline 
corresponds better with C. medialis and C. nitida Ulrich. The contour of the valves, 
however, shows it to be a distinct form, the mesial depression possibly indicating 
relations to species of the type C. carinata Ulrich. C. scofieldi also has no radiating 
lines; the concentric lines are equally as delicate. ; 


Collector.—R. W. Porter. The type is in the American Museum of 
Natural History. 


CTENODONTA FROBISHERENSIS, new species. 
(Plate XIII, figs. 11-14.) 


Of this little shell there are two well-preserved specimens, which 
appear to be distinct from all other Ordovician Ctenodontas. Probably 
the species most nearly related is C. albertina Ulrich,’ from which it 
differs in having the beaks more centrally situated, the valves shallower, 
and in being less drawn out anteriorly. At first this form was thought 
to be most closely related to C. oviformis Ulrich,® but the author of 
the latter species writes that the Arctic shell ‘“‘has different propor- 
tions” and that it represents a new species. C. oviformis is less high, 
has narrowly rounded ends, and the beaks are situated nearer the mid- 
length. Its rounded-ovate form distinguishes it from the other Fro- 
bisher Bay species, all of which are nasute forms. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. V. Shaw. Cat. No. 28165, 


U.S.N.M. 
Family MODIOLOPSID4 Ulrich. 


MODIOLODON ARCTICUS, new species. 
(Plate XIII, figs. 18, 19.) 


There is a good cast of the interior of the valves of this shell in the 
present collection. The species is very much like M. patulus Ulrich,’ 


1Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 593, pl. x1, figs. 53-58. 
2Tbidem, p. 598, pl. xl, figs. 76-82. 

5 Tbidem, p. 586, pl. xu, fig. 29. 

1Tbidem, p. 521, pl. xxxvul, figs. 20-24. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——11 


162 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


and was at first regarded by the writer as a variety of that form. J. 
arcticus is, however, nearer subquadrate than ovate, shorter and more 
erect, the post-cardinal portion more alate, and the beaks smaller and 
more pointed than in M. patulus Ulrich. 

Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28166, U.S.N.M. 


WHITEAVESIA SYMMETRICUS, new species (Ulrich). 
(Plate XIII, figs. 15-17.) 


This little shell was thought by the writer to be probably identical 
with Crytodonta affinis var. fillmorensis Ulrich,' and for confirmation of 
this opinion sent the specimen to Mr. Ulrich. He, however, refers it to 
the genus Whiteavesia of the family Modiolopside. As his notes are 
detailed, they are given at length. 

Remains of the black ornament-bearing epidermis prove the specimen to belong 
to the Modiolopsidx. It is a new species, with an anterior end reminding of Modio- 
lopsis arguta, while the rest of the outline and general aspect is more nearly hke M/. 
similis. It is also like MW. obsoleta, but it is too high posteriorly. It is, however, 
not a true Modiolopsis, the umbones being too prominent and full, the ventral outline 


convex, and the anterior muscular scars scarcely distinguishable in the cast. These~ 


characters make it a Whiteavesia, and it does not seem to be closely related to any of 
the described species of that genus. The rather uniform convexity of the valves is 
peculiar to this species. 


Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28162, U.S.N.M. 


Family CYRTODONTID Ulrich. 
CYRTODONTA SILLIMANENSIS, new species (Ulrich). 
(Plate XIII, figs. 31-33.) 
Mr. Ulrich has kindly made the following notes on this species: 


Have compared this with every Cyrtodonta known to me without finding one 
with which it is identical. Ina general way it reminds of C. affinis, C. parva, and 
C. halli,? but am satisfied it is not closely related with any of that group of species. 
Its true affinities seem to be with C. subcarinata Billings, but is readily distinguished 
by its shorter form and much broader posterior. From C. huronensis Billings,’ which 
I regard as another close ally (also C. billingsi Ulrich ”), it differs not only in size but 
in its greater convexity and much better defined antero-median suleus. The speci- 
men is preserved in part as a cast of the interior, and I am therefore inclined to 
doubt that the sulcus is as strongly defined on the exterior of the shell as shown on 
the specimen. 


Collector.—J.N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28159, U.S.N.M. 


CYRTODONTA (?) GIBBERA Ulrich, variety. 
(Plate XIII, figs. 34-36.) 


Cyrtodonta gibbera UuRicH, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 542, pl. xxxIx, 
figs. 13-15. 
The only example of this species was sent by the writer to Mr. Ulrich, 
who made the following comparisons: 


‘Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 540, pl. xxx1x, fig. 23. 
2 Tbidem. 
>Canadian Nat. and Geol., III, 1858, p. 432. 


i 


i; 
~ | 
di 


No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. ‘163 


It aliens from my oes specimen, ecm is a cast “OE the exterior, in noone some- 
what less gibbous, particularly in the umbones, the beaks also coming closer, i.e., 
they are almost in contact, while they are rather widely separated and less inourtved 
in the type. 

In the absence of evidence concerning the hinge, the generic position of the shell 
is necessarily doubtful. Therefore, although admitting provisionally that it is 
closely allied to Cyrtodonta gibbera, I am not at all satisfied that it will not turn out 
to be a Vanuxemia near J’. abrupta. 


Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28161, U.S.N.M 


VANUXEMIA ABRUPTA Ulrich. 


Vanuxemia abrupta ULRICH, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 560, pl. Xxxvin, 
figs. 39-44. 

Of this species there are two examples, which Mr. Ulrich has com- 
pared with the types. In Minnesota this form is found in the Middle 
Galena of Fillmore and Goodhue counties. 

Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. Nos. 28157, 8, U.S.N.M. 


VANUXEMIA BAFFINENSIS, new species. 
(Plate XIII, figs. 26-28.) 


This species finds its nearest relatives in V. hayniana Safford and 
V. niota (Whitfield'). It dffiers from these species in the greater 
obliquity of the shell. The largest specimen figured (figs. 29 and 30) 
is a worn example, and is provisionally referred to V. baffinensis as 
a variety. When additional material is secured, it may prove to be a 
distinct species. (Another specimen just received from Mr. A.V. Shaw 
shows that the variety is probably a distinct species. ) 

Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28160, U.S.N.M. 


WHITELLA ARCTICUS, new species. 
(Plate XIII, figs. 23-25.) 
Ulrich writes that this species of Whitella is nearest his W. rugatina,’ 
from which it differs in being much more erect. In fact, W. arcticus is 
more erect than any other species of the genus. The escutcheon is very 


narrow. 
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 33059, U.S.N.M. 


Family GRAMMYSIID Hall. 


SAFFORDIA MODESTA Ulrich. 
= 


Saffordia modesta ULRICH, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 627, pl. x11, figs. 29-31. 

Of this form there are two specimens in the American Museum of Nat- 

ural History, collected by Mr. R. W. Porter. Externally they agree 
with the Minnesota species. 


1See Geol. Minn., IIT, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 560. 
2Tbidem, p. 569, pl. xt, fig. 1. 


164 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. ' 


Class GASTROPODA. 
Family PROTOWARTHIID & Ulrich. 


PROTOWARTHIA PERVOLUTA Ulrich and Scofield. 


Protowarthia pervoluta ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 871, 
pl. Lxiu, figs. 21-27. 

This species is fairly common at Silliman’s Fossil Mount, and in some 
specimens the shell is preserved. Testiferous examples of P. pervoluta 
are distinguished from other species of the genus by the columella-like 
development of the inner lip. The specimens were sent to Mr. Ulrich, 
who has compared them with his types. He writes that the Arctic 
examples are somewhat more angular on the back of the volutions than 
the type specimens. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28173, 


U.S.N.M. 
Family BUCANIID A Ulzich. 


TETRANOTA OBSOLETA Ulrich and Scofield. 


Tetranota obsoleta ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 880, pl. 
LXV, figs. 19-23. 

Of this widely distributed shell there are eight examples in the 
present collection. Three were sent’to Mr. Ulrich, who pronounced 
them typical examples of his T. obsoleta. 

In the United States, this shell ranges from the Lowville stage into 
the Utica, and is found in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Kentucky, and at 
Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28175, 
U.S.N.M. Three specimens collected by Mr. R. W. Porter are in the 
American Museum of Natural History. 


KOKENIA COSTALIS Ulrich and Scofield. 


Kokenia costalis ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 882, pl. 
LXIV, figs. 46-49. 

Two specimens of this interesting species, from the Galena shales of 
Goodhue County, Minnesota, the type locality for this species, are in 
the United States National Museum. The two specimens from F[ro- 
bisher Bay agree with the present examples in every way excepting in 
the number of revolving lines. Of these there are seven in the Minne- 
sota specimens, while ingthe Arctic individuals there are from eleven 
to twelve, of which the fourth, sixth, and eighth are the most prominent. 
The first, second, fourth, sixth, and eighth revolving lines are continu- 
ous into the aperture, the others being interpolated on the last volution. 
Extremely fine transverse lines of growth and a few varices indicating 
stages of growth are also present. 

Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28176, U,S.N.M. 


NO. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 165 


Family BELLEROPHONTIID 44. 


BELLEROPHON SIMILIS Ulrich and Scofield. 


Bellerophon similis ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 919, 
pl. LXIv, figs. 31-39. 

Of this species there are two examples, one of which is identical 
with Ulrich’s figures thirty-two and thirty-three of the work cited. It 
is one of the characteristic fossils of the Trenton or Galena stage of 
Minnesota. 

Collector.—A.H. White. Cat. No. 28174, U.S.N.M. 


Family PLEUROTOMARIID 4 @Orbigny. 


LOPHOSPIRA SPIRONEMA Ulrich and Scofield. 


Lophospira spironema ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 983, 
pl. Lxxui, figs. 44-47. 

This is the most abundant gastropod found at Silliman’s Fossil 
Mount. The species was at. first thought by the writer to be L. /fill- 
morensis Ulrich and Scofield, but Mr. Ulrich, to whom three examples 
were sent, pronounced it L. spironema. The Arctic examples attained 
a far larger size than the Black River specimens of Minnesota. 

Collectors.—A. H. White and J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28177, 
U.S.N.M. Other specimens collected by R. W. Porter are in the Ameri- 
can Museum of Natural History. 


LIOSPIRA AMERICANA (Billings). 
Liospira cmericana ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 996. 


This very widely distributed and common species is abundant at 
Silliman’s Fossil Mount. The large umbilicus is completely filled with 
Shell matter, but above in the earlier whorls it is open. 

Collectors.—A. H. White, A. V. Shaw, J. N. Carpender, and R. W. 
Porter. Cat. No. 28180, U.S.N.M. 


CLATHROSPIRA CONICA Ulrich and Scofield. 


Clathrospira conica ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1008, 
pl. LXx, figs. 1-4. 

This is one of the abundant species at Silliman’s Fossil Mount, and in 
the United States ranges from the Black River group into the middle 
of the Cincinnatian group. The Arctic examples attained a larger 
size than elsewhere, but otherwise are considered by Mr. Ulrich to be 
in harmony with his species. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat. 
No. 28178, U.S.N.M. The American Museum of Natural History also 
has specimens collected by Mr. R. W. Porter. 


166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. ; 


SEELYA(?) (PLETHOSPIRA?) ULRICHI, new species. 
(Plate XII, figs. 9, 10.) 


This interesting little shell has many of the characteristics of S. 
ventricosa Ulrich,! from the Calciferous (Beekmantown) stage. It is, 
however, a much smaller shell, and differs from all known species of 
Seelya in having the revolving bands nearly obsolete. 

There are four of these shells, which were sent to Mr. Ulrich for iden- 
tification. He writes: 

The specimens are casts of the interior, and the revolving peripheral furrows 
probably have nothing to do with the revolving sculpture of the true Seelya. Simi- 
lar furrows occur in good casts of Lophospira bowdeni and other Pleurotomariide. 
The band, I believe, was of the flat or concave type, as in Seelya, Plethospira, and 


Hormotoma, but, as it was evidently close to the suture and partly covered by same, 
it is too low on the whorls to be in strict accordance with these genera. 


Oollector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28187, U.S.N.M. The American 
Museum of Natural History has two specimens collected by Mr. R. W. 
Porter. The species is named for Mr. E. O. Ulrich, who has accomplished - 
much in bringing about a better understanding of the fossils of the 
American Lower Silurian. 


Family EUOMPHALID 2. 


HELICOTOMA (?) (LIOSPIRA?) LARVATA Salter. 


Helicotoma larvata BILLINGS, Canadian Organic Remains, Decade I, 1859, p. 15, 
pl. u, figs. 11-14. 

Of this species there is a single excellent specimen, which the writer 
at first labeled Liospira angulata Ulrich, variety. However, when 
Ulrich compared the Arctic example with the type species he con- 
cluded it to be Helicotoma larvata Salter. He has kindly made the 
following notes on this specimen: 

This species resembles Liospira mundula, L. angulata, and other species of that 
section of this genus very greatly, and it may be, as I once thought, truly referable to 
Liospira. Excepting that the Arctic specimen is small, it is the best preserved yet 
seen byme. Still I am unable to settle the difficulty. Whatever light it casts upon 
the problem is in favor of retaining the species under Helicotoma. 

In Canada this is a Black River species. 

Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28179, U.S.N.M. 


Family MACLURIIDA® Woodward. 


MACLURINA MANITOBENSIS (Whiteaves). 


Maclurina manitobensis ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 
1041, pl. LXXxv1, figs. 4,5; pl. Lxxxu, fig. 45. 


This species is common at Silliman’s Fossil Mount and attains a 


'Geol. Minn. III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1009, figs. 7, b, c, d, in text. 


NO. 1192. - TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 167 


Manitoba, it attains a diameter of 83 inches. It is a characteristic 
species of the Trenton. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat. 
No. 28183, U.S.N.M. 


MACLURINA CUNEATA (Whitfield) . 


Maclurira cuneata ULRIcH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1042, 
pl. LxxvI, figs. 1-3; pl. Lxxxu, fig. 46. 
Of this species there are two typical specimens with the character- 
istic, small umbilical perforation. 
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28184, U.S.N.M. 


MACLUREA CRASSA Ulrich and Scofield. 


Maclurea crassa ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1040, 
pl. Lxxv, figs. 12-14. 

One example of this species measures nearly 3 inches in diameter, 
which is larger than the Minnesota specimens, but this is in keeping 
with the greater size attained by the Maclureas and Maclurinas in the 
far north. 

Collectors._J. N. Carpender and A. V. Shaw. Cat. No. 28182, 
U.S.N.M. 


Family TROCHONEMATIDZ® Ulrich. 


TROCHONEMA UMBILICATUM (Hall). 


Trochonema umbilicatum ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, 
p. 1047, pl. Lxxvu, figs. 1-3. 

Of this widely distributed Lower Silurian shell, six specimens are 
present. They preserve most of the shell, and show considerable sur- 
face detail. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat. No. 
28186, U.S.N.M. Other specimens collected by Mr. Rk. W. Porter are 
in the American Museum of Natural History. 


TROCHONEMA (EUNEMA) ROBBINSI Ulrich and Scofield. 


Trochonema (Eunema) robbinsi ULRICH and ScoriELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 
1897, p. 1053, pl. LXxv1, figs. 11-15. 


Three examples of this species are present, only one of which is well 
preserved. These were sent to Mr. Ulrich for comparison with T. rob- 
binst and T. saltert. He writes as follows: 


These specimens possibly indicate a form intermediate between 7. (H.) similis and 
T. (E.) robbinsi Ulrich and Scofield. The upper whorls of the best specimen agree 
rather closely with the former, while the last whorl, with its relatively narrow 
peripheral band, is more in accordance with the latter species. It is to be borne in 
mind, however, that it is only the shell-less portion of the specimen that agree 
with T. (£,) similis, the opposite side of the same whorls showing no trace of the 
ridge near the suture, which is strongly developed and is characteristic of 7. similis. 


168 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28185, U.S.N.M. The best 
Specimen was found by Mr. R. W. Porter, and is now in the American 
Museum of Natural History. 


HOLOPEA ARCTICA, new species. 
(Plate XII, figs. 14-16.) 


This little Holopea has its nearest relation in H. ampla and H. simi- 
lis Ulrich and Scofield.’ It differs from the latter in having the 
upper sides of the whorls less flat, the sutures deeper, and the lines of 
growth more regular than in any other species of Holopea. From 
H. ampla, the Arctic species differs in having the whorls expand less 
rapidly. 

Collector.—-A. H. White. Cat. No. 28190, U.S.N.M. 


? Family TROCHID 4. 
TROCHUS (?), species undetermined. 


(Plate XII, figs. 11-13.) 


Of this form there is only one good specimen, and this has none of 
the ornamental surface preserved. The specimen was sent to Mr. 
Ulrich, and he kindly made the following notes: 


I regard it as related to some of the Gotland shells referred to Trochus by Lind- 
strém, but as the specimen retains no trace of the sculpture-bearing layer of the shell 
it can not be compared satisfactorily with described species. Lindstrém’s 7. den- 
sistriatus, T. kolmodini, and T. wisbyensis seem not far removed. 


The specimen is in the American Museum of Natural History. 


Family SUBULITID A. 
FUSISPIRA INFLATA Meek and Worthen. 


Fusispira inflata ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1075, 
pl. Lxxx, figs. 17, 18. 

The only example of this species is an imperfect shell with most of 

the smaller part of the spire missing. So far as comparison can be 


made, the species is in harmony with F. inflata. Mr. Ulrich agrees that 


the specimen belongs to this species. 
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28189, U.S.N.M. 


FUSISPIRA NOBILIS Ulrich and Scofield. 


Fusispira nobilis ULRICH and SCOFIELD, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 1078, 
pl. Lxxx, figs. 2-4. 

The two Arctic specimens of this form are imperfect, and the largest 
fragment indicates that the species here attained as large a growth as 
in Minnesota, being about 4 inches in length. Mr. Ulrich has seen 
the faemicnrs and agrees that hey, OOS his SUeBIes: 


1Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, pp. 1065, 1066. 


No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 169 


Class CHPHALOPODA. 
Order TETRABRANCHIATA. 
Family ENDOCERATID@. 


CAMEROCERAS PROTEIFORME (Hall). 


Cameroceras proteiforme CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 777, pls. 
XLVIII-ULI, LIII. 

Of this common species there is one small but well-preserved frag- 
ment showing the submarginal siphon. In a length of 2 inches, there 
are seven chambers and eight septa. 

Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28191, U.S.N.M. 


Family ORTHOCERATID 4. 


ORTHOCERAS OLORUS Hall, var. BAFFINENSIS, new variety. 
(Plate XII, figs. 19-22.) 
Orthoceras vertebrale HaLu, Pal. N. Y., I, 1847, p. 201, pl. xxi, figs. 5-5e (not 
Schlotheim, 1820). 
Orthoceras olorus HALL, Miller’s Amer. Pal. Foss., Ist ed., 1877, p. 245. 

The Arctic examples of this form, of which there are three, do not 
appear to attain the large size of the New York specimens. Hall 
describes the species with ‘“‘strong longitudinal striz,” while the Arctic 
Specimens have very fine equidistant lines, between each of which are 
from 3 to 6 exceedingly delicate ones. This difference in the ornamen- 
tation, together with the smaller size, is regarded of sufficient impor- 
tance for varietal distinction. There isno other American Lower Silurian 
annulated species with which it can be compared. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28192, 
U.S.N.M. 

ORTHOCERAS BILINEATUM Hall. 


Orthoceras bilineatum CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 786, pl. xLvit, 
figs. 20, 21; pl. LIV, figs. 6, 7. 

Of this species there is one small specimen annulated throughout. 
The characteristic, regularly alternating, larger and smaller lines of 
ornamentation are preserved. 

Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28193, U.S.N.M. 


ORTHOCERAS PORTERI, new species. 
(Plate XII, figs. 23-25.) 


This annulated species of Orthoceras appears to be related to O. bilin- 
eatum. The apical angle in both is about the same, but in O. porteri 
the annulations and septa are farther apart, the siphuncle is more 
eccentric, and the ornamentation is entirely different. The longitudinal 
lines are double throughout, and consist of prominent primary ones, 


170 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


between which there are always three equally strong secondary lines. 
Transverse, or growth, lines are fine and numerous, and in crossing the 
longitudinal lines they cause these to be slightly nodose. 

Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28194, U.S.N.M. 

This name is given aS a mark of appreciation to Mr. Russell W. 
Porter, of Boston, Massachusetts, who, with his associates, made it pos- 
sible to revisit Frobisher Bay and to make a most complete collection 
of Arctic Trenton fossils.' 


ORTHOCERAS SCALARIFORMIS, new species. 
(Plate XII, figs. 17, 18.) 


Shellsmall, notannulated, tapering slowly, withan apical angleofabout 
7°, section originally circular, septa 9 in the length of 1 inch; siphuncle 
large, and apparently in contact with the outer wall. Surface with 
13 widely separated prominent longitudinal costz, which are crossed 
somewhat irregularly by concentric lamelle, anteriorly directed, and 1 
to each septum. Here and there two or three intermediate vertical 
lines occur between the longitudinal costa. 

Collector.cJ. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28195, U.S.N.M. 


Family CYRTOCERATIDA. 


CYRTOCERAS MANITOBENSE Whiteaves. 


Cyrtoceras manitobense WHITEAVES, Trans. Royal Soc. of Canada, Sec. 4, VII, 
1889, p. 80, pl. xu, figs. 3, 4; pl. xv, fig. 4; Geol. Surv., Canada, Pal. 
Foss., III, 1897, p. 223. 

Oncoceras manitobense CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 799. 

This species is the most abundant of the Cephalopoda at Silliman’s 
Fossil Mount. The writer sent the specimens to Profe~sor Whiteaves, 
who compared them with the types, and subsequently reported that they 
are ‘“‘apparently exactly the same species as C. manitobense Whiteaves 
from Lake Winnepeg, Manitoba. We have very similar specimens from 
Akpatok Island, Hudson Strait.” The Baffin Land specimens are 
smaller than those from Manitoba. 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. White. Cat. No. 
28119, U.S.N.M. 


CYRTOCERAS CORNULUM, new species. 
(Plate XIV, figs. 8-10.) 


This little shell is clearly related to the previous species, having many 
of its characters. It differs, however, in its smaller growth, greater 
cenrvature, and most decidedly in the very rapid increase of the cone. 
The greater curvature is due to the rapid increase in depth of the air 
chamber toward the ventral side, where near the living chamber it is 


1A description of this trip is given by Mr. Porter in Bull. Amer. Geog. Soc., XXX, 
May, 1898, pp. 97-110, the paper being entitled ‘‘ Frobisher Bay Revisited.” 


+ 


Se ee 


NO. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. IO 


often three times the depth on the dorsal side. The siphuncle is very 
small, almost in contact with the ventral wall, and swells but little 
between the septa. 

Professor Whiteaves, who saw the type, states that among the frag- 
ments of Cyrtoceras from Manitoba “are some apparently like (@. cor- 
nulum in section, curvature, and much in the position of siphuncle.” 

Collectors.—A. V. Shaw and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28121, U.S.N.M. 


CYRTOCERAS BAFFINENSIS, new species. 
(Plate XIV, figs. 11-13.) 


This small species of Cyrtoceras has the general aspect of C. manito- 
bense, and for a time was regarded as the young of that species, yet a 
comparison shows that C. baffinensis has a somewhat smaller apical 
angle. The diagnostic feature, however, is in the depth of the air 
chambers. These are much more shallow and do not increase in depth 
with growth nearly as rapidly as in C. manitobense, there being twenty- 
two of these in 25 mm., while in the latter species at a similar stage of 
growth there are about sixteen. 

Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28198, U.S.N.M. 


Family ONCOCERATID 4. 


CLINOCERAS EXIGUUM (Billings). 


Cyrtoceras exiguum BILLINGS, Can. Nat. and Geol., V, 1860, p. 172, figs. 17, 18. 
Oncoceras exiguum CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1897, p. 798, pl. Lvim, 
figs. 10, 11. 

In this collection there are five specimens of this species, three of 
which preserve more or less of the body chamber, and permit a recon- 
struction of the form of the shell. The body chamber was not less than 
15 mm. in length and the entire shell not less than 58 mm. Billings gives 
the probable length as about 50 mm., which is very close to the protrae- 
tion based on Arctic material. Clarke writes that the Minnesota speci- 
mens probably did not exceed 30 mm., but as his specimens are very 
small fragments, this estimate is probably short of the actual length. 
The first twelve septa back of the living chamber occupy 22 mm., and in 
another specimen there are nine in 19 mm. The depth of the air 
chambers decreases very little toward the apex, the average being a 
little less than 2 mm. down to where the shell has a diameter of 3.5 mm. 

Specimens from shale are usually compressed, and this is the condi- 
tion of the Arctic material, but the shell was circular in outline, with 
a very small central siphuncle. 

This species is related to Oncoceras mumieformis Whitfield, which 
Clarke referred to Clinoceras. The Arctic material shows the shell to 
be gently arcuate and to possess the other generic characters of Clino- 
ceras. Billings’s species should be referred to Maschke’s genus. ~* 

Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H. White. Cat. No. 28199, 
U.S.N.M. 


172 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. ' 
" 


ONCOCERAS ARCTICUM, new species. 
(Plate XIV, figs. 4-7.) 


As shown by the figures, this species differs from all other American 
Oncoceras in the great antero-posterior curvature of the ventral side of 
the shell. This is caused by the rapidly increasing depth of the air 
chambers toward the ventral side, where they are about twice the 
depth of the dorsum. Siphuncle small, slightly constricted at each 
septum, and closely adjoining the ventral wall except immediately 
beneath the living chamber, where it is slightly deflected dorsally. 
Venter more broadly rounded than the dorsum. Living chamber large, 
with the sides slightly constricted, not less than 24 mm. deep, 33 mm. 
dorso-ventrally, and 24 mm. transversely. The cast is smooth and pre- 
serves no markings of the exterior. 

Cyrtoceras cornulum was first thought to be the young stage of 
Oncoceras arcticum, but its section is more elongate-oval, with the dorsal 
side more rounded, the reverse being true in the latter species. The 
chambers also are deeper on the ventral side, the ventral curvature is 
less strong, and the shell thicker, with longitudinal plications. 

Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28196, U.S.N.M. 


ONCOCERAS TUMIDUM, new species. 
(Plate XIV, figs. 1-3.) 


This species is much larger than any other in the Trenton of the 
United States, although much smaller than O. magnum, the giant of 
the genus, which is found at East Selkirk, in Manitoba. The present 
form seems to be most closely related to O. gibbosum Whiteaves! 
(=0. whiteavesi Miller), but has not the numuloidal siphuncle of that 
species, nor the sigmoid outline of the septa on the dorsum. The 
living chamber, also, is shallower, being about 28 mm. deep. The con- 
striction of O. tumidum recalls that seen in Poterioceras or Gomphoceras, 
but unlike these shells is not bilaterally symmetrical. The specimen 
preserves but 6 septa and the living chamber, and throughout all 
there is a rapid regular convergence toward the anterior end. Dorsal 
end of shell broadly rounded, with the ventral side somewhat acutely 
rounded. The 5 air chambers are dorsally 13 mm. deep and ventrally 
25 mm. The siphuncle is small and situated about 6 mm. inside the 
ventral wall. Septa regularly but deeply concave. 

The type specimen was sent to Professor Whiteaves for comparison 
with O. whiteavest Miller. He reports that Oncoceras tumidum is “very 
much like O. whiteavesi Miller (=O. gibbosum Whiteaves, not Hall) 
in lateral contour, but in your specimen the body chamber does not 
seem to narrow so abruptly as it always does in O. whiteavesi, and shows 
no sign of any constriction at the aperture.” 

Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28190, U.S.N.M. 


‘Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, Sec. 4, IV, 1889, p. 80, pl. xv, fig. 43. 


v 


S eG meat et. + 


ie PEP he a § So aReeee R 


egw py Wars ee 


Stes BAS 


No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. is 


POTERIOCERAS, species undetermined. 


There is a poor specimen of this genus from the Frobisher Bay 
locality. It was thought to be a small specimen of P. nobile, and was 
therefore sent to Professor Whiteaves'! for comparison. He, however, 
writes: 


We have nothing exactly like this. It is very similar in shape to P. nobile, except 
that the latter is somewhat compressed and yours is not. The difference in size 
between your specimen and ours is, of course, enormous. Your shell also is not very 
unlike the so-called Gomphoceras eximium Billings, but that species is ovate in trans- 
verse section, possibly from lateral pressure. Your specimen is, I should think, most 
likely a Poterioceras, but too imperfect to show its specific characters or affinities. 


Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28122, U.S.N.M. 


Family TARPHYCERATID Hyatt. 


EURYSTOMITES PLICATUS Whiteaves ? 
Eurystomites plicatus WHITEAVES, Can. Rec. Sci., VI, 1896, p. 395; Geol. Surv. 
Canada, Pal. Foss., III, Pt. 3, 1897, p. 225, figs. 15, 16; pl. xxvu, fig. 2. 
The only specimen of this species present is not well preserved, but 
has parts of one and one-half whorls. Professor Whiteaves, who saw 
the specimen, writes that it is ‘“‘probably Hurystomites plicatus White- 
aves. At any rate, it has the same outline in transverse section, with 
the dorsum impressed by a shallow and rather narrow furrow of contact, 
and the same amount of involution.” The specimen, however, shows no 
surface markings nor any siphuncle. 
Collector.—J. N. Carpender. Cat. No. 28123, U.S.N.M. 


Class AR'THROPODA. 


Subclass CRUSTACEA. 
Order OSTRACODA. 


Ostracoda are abundant at Silliman’s Fossil Mount, 10 specimens 
having been found attached to the larger fossils. These were sent to 
Mr. K. O. Ulrich for determination. He has identified them as follows: 

Bythocypris grant Ulrich.’ 

Primitia or Kledenia. 

Krausella, two new species. 


Order TRILOBIFA. 


NILEUS VIGILANS (Meek and Worthen). 


Nileus vigilans CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 712, figs. 17-19. 
Of this widely distributed species there is one very fine enrolled but 
small specimen and fragments of three other individuals. These agree 
exactly with Mr. Clarke’s description and figures. 


'Trans. Royal Soc. Canada, Sec. 4, VII, 1889, p. 77, pl. x1v, fig. 1, 
? Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 689, pl. xiv, figs. 39-42, 


174 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Collectors.—J. N. Carpender, A. V. Shaw. and A. H. White. Cat. 
No. 28168, U.S.N.M. The American Museum of Natural History has 
two specimens collected by Mr. hk. W. Porter. 


ILLAZZENUS CRASSICAUDA AMERICANUS (Billings). 
Tllenus americanus CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, p. 714, figs. 20-23. 

One fine enrolled specimen of this well-known species was found by 
Mr. F. G. Goodridge, of New York City, and was very kindly given 
to the U.S. National Museum. Mr. R. W. Porter also collected two fine 
specimens, which are now in the American Museum of Natural History. 
These agree excellently with this species, the best examples of which 
are from oa Falls, New York. 

Vollectors.— I. G. Coniniles, J. N.Carpender, A. V. Shaw, and A. H. 
White. Cat. a 28167, U.S.N.M. 


ISOTELUS GIGAS De Kay. 


Tsotelus gigas CLARKE, Geol. Minn., III, Pt. 2, 1894, pp. 701-706, with text figures. 


Of this species several fragments were found by J. N. Carpender 
and A. V. Shaw. : 


DALMANITES (PTERYGOMETOPUS) GOODRIDGII, new species. 
(Plate XII, figs. 5, 6.) 


The cephalon of this species recalls that of D.(P.)eboraceus Clarke 
in the characters of the glabella and in the great prominence of the 
eyes. However, in D.(P.) goodridgii, the eyes are even more elevated, 
the cephalon is smooth and devoid of all granulation, while the most 
marked difference is seen in the posterior outline of the head, which is 
broadly rounded or subquadrate, with a centrai, short projection. The 
occipital ring is also much wider, and is strongly elevated medio- 
posteriorly into an obtuse apex. Of thoracic segments, nine are pre- 
served in these specimens. 

The pygidium is likewise less triangular than in D.(P.)eboraceus, and 
while there are ten or eleven annulations on the axis, there are not 
more than five pleure. These are well developed anteriorly, becoming 
rapidly more and more obsolete. 

Named for Mr. F. G. Goodridge, of New York City, one of the col- 
_lectors cf fossils on the Peary expedition of 1897. ‘ 
Collectors.—J. N. Carpender and A. H.White. Cat. No. 28170,U.S.N.M. 


CERAURUS PLEUREXANTHEMUS Green. 


Ceraurus pleurexanthemus GREEN, Pal. N. Y., I, 1847, p. ae pl. LXV, figs. la-1n; 
pl. Lxvi, figs. 1, le-1h.—CLARKE, Geol. sities III, bt. 2, 1894, p. 734. 

There are three examples of this species in the collection, none of 
which are entire, but all agree well with New York specimens. The 
species did not here attain quite the large size of New York specimens, 
but one glabella shows a growth about two-thirds of the largest from 
the latter locality. 

Collector.—A. H. White. Cat. No. 28169, U.S.N.M. 


No. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA: OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 175 


SUMMARY. 


The only Lower Silurian horizons known in northeastern Arctic 
America are of Trenton and Utica age. The latter zone appears only 
on the north shore of Frobisher Bay, but the Trenton is found in 
various places from the north shore of Hudson Strait to latitude 81° 
north. The Lower Silurian is thickest on Akpatok Island, where it is 
from 400 to 500 feet in depth. Dr. Bell, however, estimates the entire 
thickness of these strata in this region to be not less than 900 feet. 

In Baffin Land, and apparently elsewhere in Arctic America, the 
Lower Silurian strata rests unconformably on old erystalline rocks. 
To the north of Baffin Land, the former are overlain by beds of Niag- 
ara or Wenlock age. 

The Trenton faunas, occurring in various places around the insular 
Archean nucleus of North America, have much in common, and this 
indicates that the conditions at that time were very similar, while the 
sea was in communication throughout. As yet, however, the distri- 
bution of the strata, together with their faunas, are well known only 
to the south and southeast of the Archean nucleus, yet that of the 
west (Manitoba) and of the northeast (Baffin Land) show direct com- 
munication. 

The Baffin Land ane had an early introduction of Upper Silurian 
genera in the corals Halysites, Lyellia, and Plasmopora. Ii Manitoba 
similar conditions occur in the presence of Halysites, Favosites, and 
Diphyphyllum. Other Upper Silurian types do not appear to be 
present. 

The Trenton fauna of Silliman’s Fossil Mount, at the head of Fro- 
bisher Bay, has seventy-two species, of which twenty-eight are 
restricted to it. This fauna shows an intimate relationship with that 
of the Galena of Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin. Tifty-seven per cent 
of the species of Baffin Land also occur in the Galena of the regions 
just mentioned. 

The Trenton fauna of Baffin Land shows that the corals, brachiopods, 
gastropods, and trilobites have wide distribution, and are therefore 
less sensitive to differing habitats apt to occur in widely separated 
regions. On the other hand, the cephalopods, and particularly the 
pelecy pods, indicate a shorter geographical range. The almost complete 
absence of Bryozoa in the Baffin Land Trenton contrasts strongly with 
the great development of these animals in Minnesota and elsewhere in 
the United States. 


176 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
[From drawings by Mr. E. O. ULRICH.] 


PLATE XII. 
Porocrinus shawi, p. 155. 


. Posterior view of the calyx; enlarged. 
. Anterior view; natural size. 
. Ventral view; enlarged. 


gw doe 


Dalmanites (Pterygometopus) goodridgti, p. 174. 


4. The pygidium supposed to be of this species. 
5,6. Two views of the cephalon. 


Orthis (Dinorthis) meedsi arctica, p. 157. 
7,8. Dorsal and profile views. 
Seelya (?) (Plethospira ?) ulrichi, p. 166. 
9,10. Two views showing the nearly obsolete revolving bands. 
Trochis ?, species undetermined, p. 168. 
11-13. Three views of the only specimen of this genus. 
Holopea arctica, p. 168. 


14,15. Two views of the best specimen. 
16. Surface ornamentation; X5. 


Orthoceras scalariformis, p. 170. 


17. The ornamentation. 
18. Sectional view, with the position of the sipho. 


Orthoceras olorus baffinensis, p. 169. 


19, 21,22. Views of three specimens. 
20. Surface ornamentation; x10, 


Orthoceras porteri, p. 169. 


23. View of the exterior. 
94. Surface ornamentation; X5. 
25. Sectional view, with the position of the sipho. 


PLATE XIII. 
Ctenodonta carpenderi, p. 160. 
Fics. 1-3. Three views of the largest specimen. 
Ctenodonta subnasuta Ulrich?, p. 160. 
4-6. Three views of the best specimen. 
lenodonta baffinensis, p. 161. 


7-9. Three views of the type specimen. 
10. Surface ornamentation; x10. 


Ctenodonta frobisherensis, p. 161. 


11-13. Three views of the best specimen. 
14. Left valve of another specimen. 


Whiteavesia symmetricus, p. 162. 


15-17, Three views of the type specimen. 


VOL. XXII. 


NO. 1192. TRENTON FAUNA OF BAFFIN LAND—SCHUCHERT. 177 


Modiolodon arcticus, p. 161. 
_ 18,19. Views of the cast of the interior. 
| Allodesma (?) species undetermined. 


20-22. Three views of the only specimen. This species is for the present not 
described. 
Whitella arcticus, p. 163. 


23-25. Three views of the type specimen. 
Vanuxemia bafinensis, p. 163. 


26-28. Three views of the type specimen. 
29, 30. Two views of a large specimen which probably is a distinct form. 


Cyrtodonta sillimanensis, p. 162. 


31-33. Views of the type specimens, 


Cyrtodonta (?) gibbera Ulrich, var., p. 162. 
34-36. View of the only example. 


PLATE XIV. 


Oncoceras tumidum, p. 172. 
Fig. 1. Ventral side. 
2. Side view. 
3. Sectional view of the larger end. 


- Oncoceras arcticum, p. 172. 
. View of the dorsum. 
. Side view. 
. Sectional view, with the position of the sipho. 
. Ventral side. 


ID owe 


Cyrtoceras cornulum, p. 170. 


. Side view, showing the radiating furrows of the inner side of the shell. 
. Ventral view. 
10. Outline of the shell transversely. 


co CO 


Cyrtoceras baffinensis, p. 171. 
11. Side view. 
12. Ventral view. 
13. End view with about half the length of the shell drawn in. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 12 


PL. Xil 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XxXIl 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


S MOUNT. 


y 


FOSSILS FROM SILLIMAN 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 176. 


| 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. XIII 


PELECYPODS FROM SILLIMAN’S MOUNT. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGES 176, 177. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. XIV 


CEPHALOPODS FROM SILLIMAN’S MOUNT. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 177. 


oe 
~ 


i 
Aba tpt 
Sheen cet Sito 


Seu 


SOME NEOCENE CORALS OF THE UNITED STATES. 


By HENRY STEWART GANE, Ph. D., 
Fellow in Geology, Johns Hopkins University, 1894-95. 


INTRODUCTION. 


At the suggestion of Prof. William B. Clark, of the Johns Hopkins 
University, the writer was encouraged to undertake the study and sys- 
tematic description of the Neocene corals of the United States. Further- 
more, the present paper has been constructed both as to method of 
treatment and arrangement of subject-matter upon the general plan of 
Professor Clark’s bulletin on the Mesozoic Echinodermata of this 
country. 

No attempt had been made hitherto to treat this subject from the 
present standpoint, the few corals previously described being offered to 
science either as possessing only zoological interest, or else to complete 
a local fauna. : 

The first mention of a Neocene coral from this country is found in the 
Petrefacta Germaniz of Goldfuss (1829), where Madrepora palmata is 
both described and figured. During the thirty years following this 
first description there were at irregular intervals a number of scat- 
tered contributions to the subject. The more important were those of 
T. A. Conrad, W. Lonsdale from the collections made by Sir Charles 
Lyell, and Milne-Edwards and Jules Haime. More recently there have 
been but two papers worthy of notice, one in 1887 by Prof. P. M. 
Dunean on the genus Septastrwa d’Orbigny, from the Miocene of 
Maryland, and one in 1888 by Dr. G. J. Hinde as a criticism of Pro- 
fessor Duncan’s article. It is of interest to note that the researches of 
Dr. Hinde on this American species are almost unprecedented, no sim- 
ilar coral having been treated in so exhaustive a manner. In consid- 
ering all the referetices we notice the somewhat remarkable fact that 
by far the most important writings have appeared both in foreign 
journals and from the pens of foreign paleontologists. 

The material treated has been loaned to the writer from the col- 
lections of the U. S. National Museum, Wagner Free Institute of 


PPOCEEDINGS OF U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1193. “te 
( 


180 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, ~ VOL, XXII. 


Science, the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, the private cabinet of 
Mr. Joseph Willcox, of Philadelphia, and the Johns Hopkins University. 
The state of preservation of the forms is as a rule excellent, with the 
exception of the silicified corals from Florida. These latter are often 
very difficult of determination, owing to prefossil wear and the minera- 
logical change the specimens have since undergone. Frequently the 
poorly preserved calices alone remain, the entire inside of the individ- 
ual or the colony being dissolved away and represented by a cavity 
with walls of botryoidal character. When the original substance of the 
coral, with the exception of the outer surface, is thus replaced, it becomes 
impossible, as an aid to identification, to cut sections showing the coral 
structure below the calice. The cause and method of silification of 
these corals has never been satisfactorily proven. Professor Heilprin,! 
in discussing the phenomena in his treatise on the Explorations on 
the West Coast of Florida, attributes the change to an infiltration of 
silica in a heated condition, but adds that he can not even hazard a 
guess, much less explain in what precise manner the peculiar method 
of hollowing was brought about. Especially is this true of the colonial 
types with botryoidal-shaped cavities. Furthermore, in the genera 
possessed of very small calices, as in Porites and Stylophora, their deli- 
cate structure is often so destroyed as to render a specific diagnosis 
impossible. 

The writer has also been at a great disadvantage from the fact that 
a number of the species have been described from single specimens, 
and until further collecting is done in the field it will be impossible to 
give a more detailed specific description of these forms. 

The fauna under discussion embraces in its geological distribution, 
the Neocene and Oligocene epochs. On the other hand, geographically 
the range of these forms is remarkably confined. With the single excep- 
tion of a few casts from the Miocene of Griswoldville, Fresno County, 
California, we find them limited to the Atlantic seaboard States, from 
New Jersey to Florida, inclusive. 

In considering this fauna as a unit, its most striking feature is the 


great number and variety of the genera represented as compared with 


the species, there being twenty-eight of the former to thirty-five of 
the latter. This proportion of genera to species is quite unusual, the 
number of species in any given fauna more often being far in excess 
of the genera. As an instance, we may cite the present fauna of 
Bermuda, with its twenty-eight species to only ten genera, or the 
results reported by the Challenger, which during its entire cruise 
obtained only sixty-nine genera of reef corals to two hundred and 
ninety-three species, and many of these presenting considerable varia- 
ation. We find, further, in taking account of the Neocene corals, that 
the colonial far outnumbers the individual type. 

In examining the bathymetric distribution of the species, it is doubt- 


1Trans. Wagner Free Inst. Sci., I, p. 62. 


NO. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 181 


ful whether any truly deep-sea forms are » represented. The few genera 
that might be so classed are also frequently found living in shallow 
depths. When we add to the above the fact that they occur in the 
deposits side by side with true reef builders, we may consider that the 
corals living in the Oligocene and Pliocene periods flourished as shallow- 
water forms with preponderating reef-building tendencies. 

Both from their kind and the relations which the coral genera and 
species of a particular area bear to one another, it is possible to judge 
of the similarity or of the variation of the physical conditions prevail- 
ing in the region. 

Regarding this hypothesis, Prof. P. M. Dunean,! in ine first: article 
on the West Indian fossil corals, says: 


The range, in strata, of the genera of corals is often so great, and the species of 
remote formations are so frequently closely allied; that the Zoantharia form better 
guides for estimating the external physical circumstances of the regions in which 
they existed than for determining the age of the strata. There are few subjects 
better understood than the relation between the presence of certain genera and 
species of coral and certain definite, external physical conditions. Depth of sea, 
purity of sea water, its intense aeration, force of wave, absence of fresh water, the 
climate and nature of the coast line, with all their possible varieties, appear to 
determine, according to their mutual reactions, the presence and persistence of spe- 
cies and genera. Indeed, very slight variations from the general rule of the external 
circumstances in a coral sea would appear to prevent the development of certain 
genera. It is a reasonable induction that, if a species be found in strata of any 
age and distant in space, the two sets of strata were formed under the same external 
physical circumstances. 

If this be true, then the conditions prevailing upon the Atlantic 
coast during Neocene time were most varied, both from a geological 
and a geographical standpoint; for we find that in the fauna under dis- 
cussion the genera of the corals are quite varied, and that the indi- 
vidual species are very limited, both vertically and horizontally, in their 
stratigraphic distribution. In this distribution the Pliocene species 
are perhaps more liable to be limited in their geographical range than 
in their geological, since a number of the forms are either found as 
recent or having closely related living allies, whereas the Miocene 
_ Species appear to be about equally confined both from a geographical 
and a geological aspect. 

A majority of the corals represented belong to extinct species. A 
few are now found living in the Caribbean Sea, and some belong to 
closely allied fossil forms from Santo Domingo and other West Indian 
islands. 

We should expect that the Neocene corel of the United States would 
have close kinship with those of like age in the West Indies, but such 
does not seem to be generally the case. On the other hand, according 
to Professor Duncan the fossil Oligocene corals of the West Indies are 
closely related to those of the Miocene of Europe ai.d the recent faunas 
of the Pacific and Indian oceans. Regarding the affinities of. the Neo- 


1Quart. Jour Geol. Soc., XIX, p. 453. 


182 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


cene fauna of the United States as a whole, we come to the conclusion 
that it has more of a likeness to that at present living in the Caribbean 
Sea and Atlantic Ocean than to the fauna, recent or fossil, of any other 
region. f 

The descriptions of families and genera will not be repeated in the 
present work, as they are to be found in the paper of Prof. P. Martin 
Dunean on “A Revision of the Families and Genera of the Scleroder- 
mic Zoantharia, Hdwards and Haime, or Madreporaria (M. rugosa 
excepted),” which also contains the system of classification employed 
in the present memoir. 

The author wishes to express his thanks, through Mr. William H. 
Dall and Mr. Joseph Willcox, to the Wagner Free Institute of Science 
tor the loan of many of the specimens herein described; also to Mr. T. 
Wayland Vaughan for much kindly assistance and advice. Mr. 
Vaughan has looked over the paper after it was written and has 
attended to having the figures drawn. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


1826-1833. GoLpruss, A. Petrefacta Germanic. 

1834. EHRENBERG, C.G. Beitriige zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere 
im Allgemeinen, und besonders des rothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuch zur 
physiologischen Systematik derselben. Abhand. Akad, Wiss. Berlin, pp. 
225-380. 

1834. DE BLAINVLLE, H. M. D. Manuel d’actinologie ou de zoophytologie. 

1835. ConraD, T, A. Observations on a portion of the Atlantic Tertiary region. 
Trans. Geol. Soc. Penn., I, Pt. 2, pp. 335-341, pl. x11. 

1836. Dr Lamarck,J.B.P.A. Histoire naturelledes animaux sans vertebres. 2ded. 
II, Histoire des Polypes. With notes by G. P. Deshayes and H. Milne- 
Edwards. =a 

1837. Rogers, W. B. and H. D. Contributions to the geology of the Tertiary 
Formations of Virginia. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., new ser., V, p. 319. 

1841. Conrapb, T. A. Descriptions of twenty-six new species of fossil shells discov- 
ered in the Medial Tertiary deposit of Calvert Cliffs, Maryland. Proce. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, I, pp. 28-33. 

1842. ConrapD, T. A. Descriptions of twenty-four new species of fossil shells, chiefly 
from the Tertiary deposits of Calvert Cliffs, Maryland. Jour. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Philadelphia, 1st ser., VIII, pp. 183-190. 

1845. LYELL, C. On the Miocene Tertiary strata of Maryland, Virginia, and of 
North and South Carolina. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, I, pp. 413-429. 

LONSDALE, W. Account of ten species of Polyparia obtained from the Miocene 
Tertiary formations of North America. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, 
I, pp. 495-509, 10 wood-cuts. 

1846. CONRAD, T. A. Observations on the Eocene formation of the United States, 
with description of species of shells, etc., occurring in it. [At end of 
article see] Note; being remarks on Lonsdale’s species. Am. Jour. Sci., 2d 
ser., I, pp. 209-221. 

Dana, J.D. Remarks on Corals (appendix to an article on Eocene fossils of 
United States, by T. A.Conrad). Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., 1, pp. 220, 221 
Dana, J.D. U.S. Exploring Expedition. Zoophytes. 

1847. LONSDALE, W. Remarks on the Character of several Species of Tertiary Cor- 
als from the United States, in reply to Mr. Dana. (Extracted from a letter 
from W. Lonsdale to C. Lyell, esy.) Am. Jour. Sei., 2d ser., IV, p. 357. 


No.1193. | SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 183 


1847. Dana, J.D. Observations in reply to Mr. Lonsdale’s Remarks. Am. Jour. 
Sci., 2d ser., IV, pp. 359-362. 

1818. TuomEy, M. Report on the Geology of South Carolina. 

Bronn, H.G. Index Paleontologicus. 

1849. D’ORBIGNY, A. Note sur les Polypiers fossiles. 

MILNE-EDWARDS, H., and JuLES Haimr. Recherches sur les Polypiers. Ann. 
des Sci. Nat., 3d ser., XLI, pp. 95-197. 

MILNE-EDWwarbs, H., and JULES Haime. Mémoire sur les Polypiers apparte- 
nants & la famille des Oculindes, an groupe intermédiaire des Pseudastréides 
et a la famille des Fongides. Comptes Rendus, XXIX, pp. 67-73. 

1850. MILNE-EDwarps, H., and JULES HAIiME. Recherches sur les Polypiers. Ann. 
des Sci. Nat., 3d ser., XIII, pp. 63-110. 

MILNE-Epwarbs, H.,.and JuLES HaimeE. British Fossil Corals, Paleonto- 
graphical Society. 

1851. MILNE-EDWarbDs, H., and JULES HAIME. Monographie des Polypiers Fossils 
des Terrains Palzeozoiques, precedée d’un_ Tableau General de la Classifica- 
tion des Polypes. Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat., V. 

1850-1852. D’OrBIGNy, A. Prodrome de Paleontologie stratigraphique universelle 
des Animaux Mollusques et Rayonnés. 

1853-1856. BRoNN, H. G. Lethea Geognostica. 

TuOMEY, M., and Hotmgs, F. 8S. Plieocene Fossils of South Carolina. 

1857. MILNE-EDWARDS, H., and JULES HAIME. Histoire Naturelle des Coralliaires. 

1858. Emmons, E. Report on North Carolina Geological Survey, Agriculture of the 
Eastern Counties, and Description of Fossils of the Marl Beds. 

1860. HOLMES, F.S. Post Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina. 

1861. FROMENTEL, E. D. Introduction a l’etude des polypiers fossiles. 

1864. Meek, F. B. Check List of Invertebrate Fossils of North American Miocene. 

1868. VERRILL,A. E. Review of the Corals and Polypsof the West Coast of America. 
Trans. Conn. Ac. Art. Sci., I, Pt. 2, p. 377. 

1884. RocErS, W. B. and H. D. Contributions to the Geology of the Tertiary For- 
mations of Virginia in a ‘Reprint of Annual Reports and other papers on 
the Geology of the Virginias.” New York. 

1886. DuNcAN, P. M. (Abstract of paper) On a new Genus of Madreporaria 
Glyphastrea, with remarks on the Glyphastrea Forbesi, Edwards and 
Haime, sp. from the Tertiaries of Maryland, U.S. Abstract Proc. Geol. Soc. 
London, No. 495. 

1887. DuNcAN, P. M. On anew Genus of Madreporaria-Glyphastrea, with remarks 
on the Glyphastra Forbesi, Edwards and Haime, sp. from the Tertiaries 
of Maryland, U. 8. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XLIII, p. 24, pl. 1. 

_ 1887. HEILpRIN, A. The Miocene Mollusca of the State of New Jersey. Proc. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, XXXIX, pp. 397-405. 

1888. HINDE, G. J. On the History and Characters of the Genus Septastrexa, 
D’Orbigny (1849), and the Identity ot its Type Species with that of Glyphas- 
trea, Duncan (1887). Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, XLIV, p. 200, pl. rx. 

1895. GANE, H. 8. A contribution to the Neocene Corals of the United States. 
Johns Hopkins Univ. Circulars, XV, No. 121, October, pp. 8-10. 


184 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXII. 


Class IN IEOVAOU. 
Suborder ZOANTHARIA SCLERODERMATA (or MADREPORARIA). 


Section MADREPORARIA APOROSA. 
Family TURBINOLID# (part) Edwards and Haime. 
Genus DESMOPHYLLUM Ehrenberg. 


DESMOPHYLLUM WILLCOXI Gane. 


(Plate XV, figs. 1-3.) 
1895. Desmophyllum willcoxi GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 12, October, 
1895, p. 9. 

Corallum quite variable in shape, more or less compressed, conical, 
attached at base by a moderately long pedicle, which may be either 
broad or narrow. Surface of the wall and costal ridges smooth, at times 
showing the development of an epitheca. Cost well developed, cor- 
responding to all septa, more prominent near the calicular margin, 
margins not acute, some granulations over the surface. The summits 
of the calice in the shorter diameter are higher than in the longer. 
The margin of the calice is irregularly dentate. The interior of the wall 
coarsely pitted here and there between the septa. There are six sys- 
tems of septa with four well-developed cycles, and a fifth rudimentary. 
The septa are exsert, rather stout, thicker near the wall and in the 
vicinity of the base of the calicular fossa; they are generally straight 
but often curved, with granulated sides, and the surface often shows 
quite distinct striations. In well-preserved specimens the fossa is deep 
and narrow, and the free margins of the septa at the base of the fossa 
often form by means of small rod-like projections a sort of columella as 
in Flabellum. 

Such a pseudocolumella similar to that found in the present species 
is described by Mr. H. N. Mosely ' in his report on the “‘ Deep Sea Madre- 
poraria” as occurring in the Desmophyllum ingens from the fjords of 
western Patagonia. 

This species is respectfully dedicated to Mr. Joseph Willcox, of Phila- 
delphia. 

Dimensions.—The dimensions of the largest specimen are: Height, 28 
mm.; greatest length and least width of calice, respectively, 32 and 
25mm. The calices of the majority of the specimens are, however, 
more compressed than in this one. 

Geological horizon.—Upper Oligocene. 

Locality. Ballast Point, Tampa Bay, Florida. 

Collections.—Wagner Free Institute of Science, and in the private 
cabinet of Mr. Joseph Willcox, of. Philadelphia. 


‘Challenger Expedition, Zoology, II, Pt. 7. Report on certain Hydroid, Alcyo- 
narian, and Madreporarian corals procured during the voyage of H. M.S. Challenger, 
in the years 1873-1876, p. 161. 


No. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 185 


Genus PARACYATHUS Edwards and Haime. 


PARACYATHUS VAUGHANI Gane. 
(Plate XV, figs. 4-6.) 
1895. Paracyathus vaughani GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 121, October, 
1895, p. 9. 

Corallum small, broad and iow, with the calice about the same diam- 
eter as the base, above which the wall is somewhat constricted. Wall 
thin, costulate to its base. Cost« low, unequal, finely granular, more 
prominent near the calicular margin where they are considerably 
thicker than their corresponding septa. Calice circular in the young, 
slightly oval in the adult individual; fossa broad, moderately deep. 
Septa in six systems of five cycles lacking part of the sixth order of 
the last cycle; in forms of medium size, only four cycles are present. 
Primaries and secondaries subequal, thick and stout, with summits 
more broadly rounded and more strongly exsert than those of the 
remaining thin and slender septa; sides coarsely granulated, edges of 
the higher cycles regularly crenately dentate. Pali granular, present 
before all the septa but those of the last cycle, excepting in the most 
mature forms, where they may be lacking before a part of the fourth as 
well as before all of the fifth cycle of septa. Columella papillose, well 
developed. 

In polishing down the base of the coral, the rings marking the ex- 
istence of previous outer walls are clearly seen. In one specimen no 
less than eight appear, showing the growth of the coral and its rela- 
tion to the development of its septa. 

The individuals of this form generally occur alone attached to some 
shell, but occasionally they are found in clusters, being in close contact 
with one another at their sides or the outer edge of their bases. 

Dimensions.—Height of largest specimen, 4 mm.; breadth of calice, 
11 mm. 

Geological horizon—Miocene, Chesapeake formation. 

Locality.—Carters Landing, James River, and Yorktown, Virginia. 

Collections.—U. S. National Museum (type); Wagner Free Institute 
of Science; Johns Hopkins University. 


Family OCULINID 4 (part) Edwards and Haime. 


Genus ASTROHELIA Edwards and Haime. 
ASTROHELIA PALMATA (Goldfuss). 


1826-1833. Madrepora palmata GoLpFuss, Petrefacta Germaniz, Pt. 1, p. 23, pl. xxx, 
figs. 6, a, b. 

1834. Oculina palmata EHRENBERG, Abhand. Berlin, Ak. Wiss. for 1832, pp. 305, 344. 

1834. Madrepora palmata BLAINVILLE, Man. Act. ou Zooph., p. 390. 

1836. Madrepora palmata LAMARCK, Hist. Nat. Animaux sans Vert., 2d ed., II, p. 450. 

1848. Oculina palmata BRONN, Index Palontologicus, I, p. 835. 

1849. Astrhelia palmata Epwarvs and Hatmer, Compte Rendus Ac. Sci., XXIX, p. 68. 


186 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


1850. Astrhelia palmata Epwarps and Harn, British Fossil Corals, Introd., p. 20. 
1850. Astrhelia palmata EDWARDS and HAIME, Ann. des Nat., 3d ser., XIIII, p. 74. 
1851. Astrhelia palmata EDWARDS and HAIMRE, Archiv. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, V, p. 37. 
1853-1856. Asirhelia palmata BRONN, Lethaze Geognostica, Pt. 6, p. 307. 
1857. Astrohelia palmata EDWARDS and HAIME, Hist. Nat. des Corall., II, p. 111. 
1864. Astrohelia palmata MEEK, Check-list Invert. Foss. N. Am. Miocene, p. 1. 
1895. Astrohelia palmata GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 121, p. 9. 

Colony forming a palmate mass with more or less coalescing branches. 
In specimens which are not water worn the cost are quite distinct at 
the calicular edge and bent, passing at times into slight flattened ridges 
on the surface of the coenenchyma. Calices slightly unequal and 
separated by irregular distances from one another, moderately deep, 
and projecting somewhat above the coenenchyma. Septa in two cycles 
of about equal size, with a third cycle, generally rudimentary, at times, 
however, fully developed; narrow, coarsely toothed with granular sides. 
The septa often unite in the center forming a small somewhat spongy 
columella. 

This coral is of interest as being the first described from the Neocene 
of this country. 

Dimensions.—Breadth of calice from 2 to 3 mm. 

Geological horizon.—Miocene, Chesapeake formation. 

Localityx—Shiloh, New Jersey, and common at many localities in 
Maryland. 

Collections.-U. S. National Museum; Philadelphia Academy of 
Natural Sciences; Wagner f'ree Institute of Science; Johns Hop- 
kins University. 


Family ASTRAIDA Edwards and Haime, amended. 


Genus CIRCOPHYLLIA Edwards and Haime. 
Subgenus ANTILLIA Duncan. 
ANTILLIA GUESDESI (Duchassaing and Michelotti). 


1850. Turbinolia biloba DUCHASSAING, Anim. Rad. des Antilles, p. 14 (not Michelin). 

1854. (?) Circophyllia, species 3, LONSDALE, manuscript. 

1861. Montlivaultia guesdesii DUCHASSAING and MICHELOTTI, Mem. Acad. Sci. Torino, 
XIX, p. 345, pl. v, fig. 13. 

1864. Antillia bilobata DUNCAN, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XX, p. 31, pl. 11, fig. 3. 

1866. Antillia guesdesii DUCHASSAING and MICHELOTTI, Mem. Acad. Sci. Torino, 
XXIII, p. 172. 

1868. Antillia bilobata DUNCAN, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XXIV, p. 23. 

1870. Antillia guesdesii DUCHASSAING, Revue des Zooph. et des Spong. des Antilles, 
De 22 

1875. Antillia bilobata POURTALES, Geol. Mag., new ser., 2d Dec., II. 

1895. Antillia biloba GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., XV, No. 121, p. 9. 


Corallum simple, nearly straight, conical, at times constricted verti- 
cally so as to appear more or less bilobate, pedicellate. Epitheea well 
developed and membraniform. Cost large above, projecting outward 
2.5 mm. from the calicular margins; edges rounded and marked by 
tubercles; sides granulated at their upper extremites in radiating rows 
extending over from the septa. Exotheca frequently present between 


NO. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 187 


the costz, inclined, and forming cells. In the largest specimens the 
calicular area is somewhat less than that of a transverse section of the 
coral about 15 mm. below the margins. Calice variable in shape from 
quite oval tocompressed, sometimes constricted centrally, approximating 
in shape the figure eight; itis shallow and presents a wavy margin ona 
nearly even plane in the adult, uneven in the young. The fossa is deep 
and narrow. ‘There are six systems with five complete cycles of septa, 
and in the adult individuals sometimes several orders of a sixth. The 
septa are crowded, often curved, a little thicker at the wall than else- 
where, marked on their upper edges with a very slight serration of 
small papillz; the sides have radiating rows of granules which merge 
with those on the cost; this regularity of granular arrangement is not 
so marked in the vicinity of the lower part of the fossa. Columella 
long, dense, and spongy.* Endotheca abundant. 

When comparing the coral at different stages in its growth, this 
species is very variable in shape. In the young forms, we find the 
corallum more conical than turbinate, more strongly attached, and 
its calice much more oval and not at all resembling the figure eight in 
outline. The margin of the calice is more sinuous, with the longer axis 
more depressed than the shorter. Epitheca less prominent. Septa in 
only four cycles, straighter and less crowded. Fossa deeper than in the 
adult form. 

The number of specimens examined by the writer is numerous, rep- 
resenting quite a series of individuals of most varied size and shape. 
Had either of several extreme types occurred alone without the con- 
necting forms it might well be considered as a distinct species. 

The young are but slightly, if at all, bilobed, the most matured indi- 
viduals alone being turbinate and vertically constricted with a figure 
eight shaped calice, the latter characteristics being described by Pro- 
fessor Duncan as typical of the West Indian forms. 

Dimensions.—The dimensions of the largest specimens are: Height, 50 
mm.; greatest length and least width of calice, respectively, 59 and 25 
mm. When comparing the above measurements with those of the 
largest specimens from Santo Domingo, the latter are found to be far 
larger in size than the forms occurring in Florida. 

Geological horizon.—Upper Oligocene, Chipola formation. 

Locality.—Bailey’s Ferry, Chipola River, Calhoun County, Florida; 
Santo Domingo, Guadeloupe (horizon not given), West Indies. 

Collection. U. S. National Museum. 


Genus ASTRANGIA Edwards and Haime. 
ASTRANGIA LINEATA (Conrad). 


1835. Lithodendron lineatus CONRAD, Trans. Geol. Soc. Pa., I, Pt. 2, p. 340, pl. x11, 
fig. 4. 

1845. Anthophyllum lineatum LYELL, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., I, p. 424. 

1845. Anthophyllum lineatum LONSDALE, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., I, p. 495, fig. a. 

1845. Caryophyllia lineata CONRAD (Manuscript label), Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., I, 
p. 495. 


188 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


1846. Lithodendrum lineatum CONRAD, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., I, p. 220. 

1848. Anthophyllum lineatum BRONN, Index Palzeontologicus, I, p. 83. 

1864. Cladocora? lineata MEEK, Check-list Invert. Foss. N. Am. Miocene, p. I. - 
1895. Astrangia lineata GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 121, p. 9. 

Colony encrusting, consisting of conical or cylindrical corallites, the 
largest sometimes rising a centimeter above the surface of the bas. 
expansion. Individual corallites divergent, but usually touching at 
their bases. Walls very thin at their calicular edge, thicker below. 
Hpitheca extremely thin, finely granulated and in some forms sl.owing 
parallel, somewhat sinuous, flat and broad strive extending to the base. 
True costz of unequal size are at times present in the vicinity of the 
ealicular edge. Calice as a rule circular, at times considerably 
compressed, deep. Septa much narrowed at the top, in mature forms in 
four complete cycles; septa of the last cycle much thinner and narrower 
than those of the preceding, often merely rudimentary; in the younger 
individuals septa but thirty-six; there is a tendency for the younger 
septa to turn toward and unite with the older; inner edges strongly 
dentate, teeth slightly coarser nearthe columella; sides granulated, 
though not stoutly so. Columella small and formed of a net-work 
of trabicule with additions from the septal ends. Multiplication by 
budding chiefly from basal expansions, although it may take place well 
up on the side of a parent corallite. 

The writer refers this species to the genus Astrangia, although there 
is more of an epitheca present than has been hitherto considered as 
characteristic of the genus. In all other respects this species seems 
to be typical. Lonsdale, in his description of the coral, states that it 
closely resembles the Lithodendron flecuosum described by Michelin in 
his Iconographie Zoolphytogique, from the faluns of Touraine, but 
Edwards and Haime have since pronounced the species of Michelin to 
be a Cladocora. As this American species lacks pali and possesses 
neither a shallow calice nor septa quite exsert, it can not belong to the 
genus Cladocora. 

Dimensions.—Breadth of calice, from 4 to 8 mm. 

Geological horizon.—Miocene, Chesapeake formation. 

Locality.—Bellefield, Yorktown, Carters Landing, and City Poiné, 
Virginia. 

Collections.—_U. S. National Museum; Philadelphia Academy cf 
Natural Sciences; Wagner Free Institute of Science; Johns Hopkins 
University. 


ASTRANGIA ASTRAZIFORMIS Edwards and Haime. 


1850. dAstrangia astreiformis EDWARDS and Haims, Ann. des Se. Nat., 3d ser., XII, 
p. 181. 

1857. Astrangia astreiformis EDWARDS and HaArIME, Hist. Nat. des Coralliaries, II, 
p. 614. 

1863. Astrangia astreiformis VRRRILL, Mem. Boston, Soc. Nat. Hist., I, p. 39. 

1871. Astrangia astretiformis POURTALES, Ill. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., 
No. IV, p. 80. 

1895. Astrangia astreiformis GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 121, p. 9. 


NO. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 189 


Colony encrusting, of closely ‘united corallites often free at their 
summit. Walls minutely granulated on the exterior surface. Coste 
present, most distinct near the calicular edge. Cailices open, deep and 
circular except when crowded. Septa very slightly exsert, narrowed 
at top, in six systems of three complete cycles with part of a fourth; 
those of the third cycle a little narrower than the preceding, uniting 
with them inferiorly and near the columella; edges sharply and some- 
what coarsely dentate; sides granulated. Columella well developed, 
papillary, the outer part resembling the inner teeth of the septa. 
Gemmation both from marginal buds on the basal expansion and from 
the sides of the coral between the parent corallites. 

This species is found recent on the shores of the Atlantic from 
North Carolina to Florida. It is very nearly related to Astrangia dane 
Agassiz, occurring on the coast of this country from New Jersey to 
Massachusetts. It also in many respects resembles the fossil Astrangia 
lineata from the Virginia Miocene. 

Dimensions.—Breadth of calice, from 2 to 4 mm. 

Geological horizon.—Miocene. 

Localityx—Cain Hoy, South Carolina. 

Collections.—U. S. National Museum. 


Genus ASTRANGIA Edwards and Haime. 
Subgenus COENANGIA Verrill. 


CCGENANGIA BELLA (Conrad). 


1841. Astre bella ConrRaD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, p. 33. 

1842. Astrw bella CONRAD, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, Pt. 2, p. 189. 

1857. Astrangia? bella EDWARDS and HaIME, Hist. Nat. des Corall., II, p. 615. 

1857. Astrea bella TuoMEY and Ho.tmes, Pleiocene Foss. South Carolina, p. 1, pl. 

: I, figs. 1, la. 

1860. Astrea bella HOLMES, Pleiocene Foss. South Carolina, p. 1, pl. 1, fig. 2. 

1861. Asirangia? bella DE FROMENTEL, Introduct. Polyp. Foss., p. 237. 

1864. Astrwa bella MEEK, Check-list Invert. Foss. N. Am. Miocene, p. 1. 

1868. Astrangia (Cenangia) bella VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Ac. Art. Sci., I, Pt. 2, p. 530. 
1895. Cenangia bella GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 121, p. 9. 

Colony incrusting, rising at times into lobate extensions. Corallites 
thin walled, closely united. Calices irregularly prismatic, quite deep, 
with their fosse narrow at the bottom. Septain three complete cycles, 
the third less stout and usually curved toward and united, near the 
columella, to those of the preceding cycle; occasionally part of a 
fourth cycle is developed. Septa thin, with free edges sharply and 
roughly denticulated throughout; sides somewhat coarsely granulated, 
frequently the granules being also present on the inside wall of the 
calice. Columella moderately developed, spongy, composed of con- 
torted processes originating from the inner margins of the septa. 
Gemmation takes place in the interspaces between the corallites. 

This species is closely related to the living Cwnangia conferta of 
the Pacific, and Astrangia dane Agassiz and Astrangia astreiformis 
of the Atlantic. 


190 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Dimensions.—Breadth of calice, from 3 to 6 mm. 

Geological horizon.—Miocene, Chesapeake formation; and (Pleiocene? 
of Tuomey and Holmes). 

Locality.—Darlington, South Carolina; Newbern, North Carolina; 
Prince George County, Virginia. 

Collections._-U. 8. National Museum. 


CG@ENANGIA MARYLANDICA (Conrad). 


1841. Astrwa marylandica CONRAD, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, p. 33. 
1842. Astrwa marylandica Conrap, Jour. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., ViII, Pt. 2, p. 189. 
1845. Astrwa hirtolamellata? LYELL, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., I, p. 424. 
1845. Astrea hirtolamellata LONSDALE, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., I, p..500, fig. 1. 
1846. Astrea marylandica Conrad, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., I, p. 220. 
1846. Astroitis or Pleiadia marylandica Dana, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., I, p. 221. 
1847. Astrea marylandica LONSDALE, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., IV, p. 359. 
1847. (Allied to Caryophyllia family) Dana, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., IV, p. 361. 
1848. Astrea marylandica TUOMEY, Report Geol. South Carolina, pp. 182, 208. 
1848. Dipsastraea hirtolamellata BRONN, Index Palxontologicus, I, p. 126. 
1857. Astrea marylandica TUOMEY and HoLMEs, Pleiocene Foss. South Carolina, 
p. 2; pl. 1, figs. 2, 2a. 
1857. Astrangia? marylandica Epwarps and HaiME, Hist. Nat. des Corall., II, p. 615. 
1864. Astrwa marylandica MEEK, Check-list Invert. Foss. N. Am. Miocene, p. 1. 
1868. Astrangia (Cenangia) marylandica VERRILL, Trans. Conn. Ac. Art. Sci., I, Pt. 
2, p. 550. 
1895. Cenangia marylandica GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 121, p. 9. 
Colony incrusting, at times rising into lobes in the middle. Corai- 
lites in close contact but the individual walls distinct. Calices crowded, 
irregular in size and shape, oval, circular, and polygonal, the latter pre- 
dominating, moderately deep, with perpendicular walls. Interseptal 
chambers very wide. Septa subequal in two cycles, thin, the free edge 
subentire and concave; uniting at their inner margins to form a pseudo- 
columella. Walls and septa of the calices completely covered with 
minute tubercles. Dissepiments scarce. Growth of corallum by bud- 
ding of young corallites from between the angles of the older cells. 
This species is common in the Miocene bluffs of the James River, 
Virginia, where it is generally found incrusting the surface of the 
Pecten jeffersonius. 
In the opinion of the writer this apparently distantly related coral 


will, upon further study, prove to have close affinities with the Septas-_ 


trea sexradiata of Lonsdale. 

The nearest living ally to this form, according to Professor Verrill, is 
the Cenangia conferta of the Pacific Ocean. The latter, however, differs 
from the fossil coral in possessing usually 24 septa and only moderately 
wide interseptal chambers; the walls are thinner; the septa have 
larger lateral granules, and the columella is more strongly developed. 
Professor Verrill further adds! “‘that the close relation of this living 
(Pacific Ocean) species to the fossil and recent species (Astrangia dane 
and Astrangia astreiformis) of the temperate coasts on the Atlantic 


‘Notes on Radiata, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., I, Pt. 2, p. 531. 


NO. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 191 


side, together with the occurrence of certain shells that are apparently 
identical in the two regions, but found neither in the arctic nor in the 
tropical regions, is very suggestive of a former connection, perhaps in 
early tertiary times, between the two oceans, through the temperate 
‘parts of North America.” 

Dimensions.—Breadth of calice, from 2 to 4 mm. 

Geological horizon.—Miocene, Chesapeake formation and (Pleiocene ? 
of Tuomey and Holmes). 

Locality.— Virginia and South Carolina. 

Collections.—U. S. National Museum; Philadelphia Academy of 
Natural Sciences; Wagner Free Institute of Science; Johns Hop- 
kins University. 


Subgenus PHYLLANGIA Edwards and Haime. 


PHYLLANGIA FLORIDANA Gane. 
(Plate XV, figs. 7-9.) 


1895. Phyllangia floridana GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ., XV, No. 121, p. 9. 

Colony encrusting, consisting of subturbinate corallites arising from 
the basal expansion. Individuals generally free above but somewhat 
closely united at their base. Walls thin at the calicular edge, thicker 
below. Coste low, subequal, minutely granulated, reaching to the base, 
but more prominent at the calicular margin and at the swellings just 
beneath the constrictions in the walls of the corallites. About on a 
level with the bottom of the fossa, the diameter of the corallite is least, 
the walls being here somewhat constricted, beneath which constriction 
they are again frequently swelled to a diameter equal to that at the 
calicular margin. Calices somewhat expanded, widely open, deep, 
narrow at the bottom. Septa crowded, in six systems of four complete 
cycles, lacking a few septa of the fifth order; primaries and secondaries 
more exsert, thicker and broader than the septa of the following cycles, 
quarternaries least exsert, thinnest and narrowest; sides of the septa 
sharply granulated and the edges of all but the fourth cycle rounded 
superiorly and subentire in their upper parts, the lower two-thirds of 
the septal edges being strongly lobate or dentate, the uppermost tooth 
being the most prominent and similar in shape to a true paliform lobe. 
Columella papillary occupying a very limited area; the line of separa- 
tion between the papille of the columella and the lowest teeth of the 
septa being indistinguishable. Gemmation by budding from the basal 
expansion of the wall of a parent corallite. 

This form in its general size and mode of growth very much resem- 
bles the Astrangia lineata (Conrad) of the Virginia Miocene deposits. 

Dimensions.—Breadth of calice, from 4 to 6 mm. 

Geological horizon.— Pliocene, Caloosahatchie beds. 

Locality—Alligator Creek, Monroe County, Florida. 

Collections.— U.S. National Musenm. The type specimen was col- 
lected by Mr. Joseph Willcox, of Philadelphia. 


192 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Genus CLADOCORA Edwards and Haime. 
CLADOCORA JOHNSONI Gane. 
(Plate XV, figs. 10-12.) 
1895. Cladocora johnsoni GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 121, p. 10. 


Corallites slender, somewhat flexuous, and cylindrical. When found 
fossil they are detached from the parent colony. Walls of moderate 
thickness. Cost granular, well developed, and close set; those corre- 
sponding in position to the septa of the first and second cycles of the 
same size, and larger than those corresponding the members of the 
third and fourth cycles. With the exception of a few cost of the 
fourth cycle, all reach to the base of the corallite. Calices circular 
with a shallow fossa. There are six systems of three complete cycies, 
with occasionally a few rudimentary. septa of an incompleted order of 
a fourth cycle. Septa exsert, the primaries more prominently so, 
rounded and very finely granulated laterally, giving the lamine a 
slightly striated appearance; primaries thicker and broader than 
secondaries, which, in turn, have a similar relation to the tertiaries. 
In sections of a corallite below the ecalice, the septa of the third cycle 
approach and midway between the theca and columella unite with 
those of the preceding cycle. Either true pali or paliform lobes are 
present before all but the last cycle of septa. Columella coarsely 
papillary but rather narrow. Gemmation lateral and often in pairs at 
the same height on the stem. 

The nearest related form to this Pliocene coral seems to be the 
Cladocora debilis Edwards and Haime, recent at Maderia, but owing 
to its meager descriptions the writer can not speak definitely on this 
point, as he has not had an opportunity of examining specimens of the 
species. 

The present form is named after Mr. Charles W. Johnson, of Phila- 
delphia, who has added so much to our knowledge of the Neocene 
paleontology of the South. 

Dimensions.—Height of the largest specimen, 12 mm.; breadth of 
calice, from 2 to 2.8. : 

Geological horizon.—Pliocene. 

Locality— Waccamaw River, South Carolina. 

Collections.—Wagaer Free Institute of Science (type), Johns Hop- 
kins University. The type specimens were collected by Mr. C. W. 
Johnson. 

Genus MANICINA Ehrenberg. 


MANICINA PLIOCENICA Gane. 
1895. Manicina pliocenica GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XY, No. 121, p. 10. 
Colony very variable in shape, with a sinuous outline, from compressed 


conical to subhemispherical; attached by a slender pedicle, the lower 
part of the base curved in the direction of the greater axis of the 


‘NO. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 193 


colony. Valleys rather wide, long and deep, having perfect communi- 
cation between them. Corallines broad and furrowed. Wall thin. 
Epitheca well developed, pellicular; its lines of growth in wavy ridges 
of varied thickness, the thinnest of which are pierced by the granules 
of the costz; im some cases it is limited to the lower part of the base, 
in others it reaches to the summit of the outer wall of the colony. 
Coste of nearly equal size, the oldest only reaching the pedicle; con- 
siderably exsert, being a continuation of the septa at their upper 
edges; finely toothed on the free edge, rows of granules on the sides. 
Exotheca abundant. Septa quite exsert, slightly thicker at the wall, 
granulated laterally in radiating rows, with free edge regularly toothed, 
the teeth being somewhat larger near the paliform lobe, which is some- 
what thicker, at least near the columella, than the principal septum to 
which it belongs. Columella well developed, narrow, of a coarse 
spongy nature, especially when seen in vertical section. Endotheca 
abundant, with dissepiments of unequal length inclined toward the 
inner and lower edges of the septa. 

Pourtales' considered that all the living West Indian types of this 
genus represented one species, the Manicina areolata (Linneus). 
Whether this be true or not, the species under discussion differs from 
all recorded living forms. More especially it varies from Manicina 
areolata in the following particulars: Its collines are generally broader; 
the septo-cost of adjoining individuals are rarely united, the walls of 
the individuals being distinct; septa somewhat stouter and less crowded 
together, in very rare cases only exceeding eleven in number to the 
centimeter; the teeth on the inner edge of the septa are more regular 
in size and shape. On the other hand, in Manicina areolata the col- 
lines are narrow, with many of the septo-coste of neighboring indi- 
viduals united. The septa are thinner and more crowded, from fifteen 
to twenty (Quelch) to the centimeter. The teeth on the inner edge 
vary more in different parts of the same septum. This differentiation 
of the teeth on different parts of the edge of the septum and paliform 
lobe, as shown by the living types, is well illustrated in the “Report on 
the Florida Reefs” by Agassiz.’ 

Dimensions.—This species is very variable in size and shape. The 
greatest width of one corallum measured is 100 mm.; length, 150 mm. 
(estimated); height, 80 mm.; of another, width, 55 mm.; length, 135 
mm.; height, 55 mm. 

Geological horizon.—Pliocene. 

Locality.—Caloosahatchie River, Florida. 

Collections —U.S. National Museum (type), collected by Mr. W. H. 
Dall; Wagner Free Institute of Science, collected by Messrs. Heilprin 
and Willcox. 


17. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Coll., No. IV, pp. 72, 73. 
Memoir Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Coll., VII, No. 1, pl. vt, fig. 6. 
Proce. N. M. vol. xxii——138 


194 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


-Genus SEPTASTRAA dOrbigny (1849), emend. Hinde. 
SEPTASTRAIA SEXRADIATA (Lonsdale). 


1837. Astrea sp. W. B. and H. D. RoGeErs, Trans. Am. Phila. Soc., new ser., V, p. 338. 

1845. Columnaria ? secradiata LONSDALE, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., I, p. 497, figs. a, b. 

1845. Columnaria ? sexradiata LYELL, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., I, p. 416. 

1846. Astroitis sexradiata DANA, Am. Jour. Sci., 2d ser., I, p. 221. 

1846. Astroitis sexradiata DANA, U. S. Exploring Expedition, Zoophytes, p. 722. 

1848. Columnaria ? sexradiata BRONN, Index Paleontologicus, I, p. 321. 

1849. Septastrea forbesi EDwARDs and Haime, Ann. des Sci. Nat., 3d ser., XII, p. 64. 

1849. Septastrea subramosa D’ORBIGNY (nominal), Note sur les Polyp. foss., p. 9. 

1852. Septastrea subramosa D’ORBIGNY, Prodr. de Pal., III, p. 146. 

1857. Septastrea forbesi Epwarps and HaimR, Hist. Nat. des Corall., I, p. 450. 

1857. Astrangia ? bella Epwanrvs and Haime, Hist. Nat. des Corall., II, p. 615. 

1861. Astrangia? bella DK FROMENTEL, Introduction Polyp. foss., p. 237. 

1861. Septastrwa forbesi DE FROMENTEL, Introduction Polyp. foss., p. 174. 

1851. Septastrea forbesi KDWARDS and Haime, Archiv. Mus. Nat. Hist., V, p. 115. 

1864. Septastrwa ? sexradiata MEEK, Check-list Invert. Foss., N. Am. Miocene, p. 1. 

1864. Septastrwa forbesi MEEK, Check-list Invert Foss. N. Am. Miocene, p. 1. 

1884. Astrea sp. W. B. and H. D. RocErs, Reprint of Ann. Reports and other Papers 
on Geology of the Virginias, p. 667. 

1886. Glyphastrwa forbesi DUNCAN, Abstract. Proc. Geol. Soc. London, No. 495, p. 18. 

1887. Glyphastrwa sexradiata DUNCAN, Quart, Jour. Geol. Soc., XLII, p. 30. 

1887. Glyphastrea forbesi DUNCAN, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XLIII, p. 29, pl. mt. 

1888. Septasirea sexradiata HINDE, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XLIV, p. 219, pl. 1x, 
figs. 6-16. 

1888. Septastrea forbesi HINDE, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., XLIV, p. sy pl. 1x, figs. 
1-5, 7-15, 17. 

1895. Septastrwa sexradiata GANE, Johns Hopkins Univ. Cire., XV, No. 421, p. 10. 


Colony incrusting at base, rising into cylindrical compressed stems 
with short, rounded branches or of large flattened masses with lobate 
and digitiform expansions. Corallites with walls in close contact but 
distinct one from another, subeylindrical in the interior, although pris- 
matic at the surface of the corallum. The matured calices are shallow 
with thickened margins, an impressed line generally marking the 
division between the individuals; the floors of the calices, which have a 
dome-shaped elevation in the center are entirely closed with stereo- 
plasm, the upper edges of the septa alone shghtly projecting. When 
the calices are immature or much crowded the walls are thin and the 
floor near its periphery is incomplete. The entire calice when per- 
fectly preserved is covered with minute tubercles, although the surface 
of the septa in the interior of the corallites is smooth. Septa usually 
12 in the lower portion of the corallite; in the calice a rudimentary 
third cycle is often added. Abnormally the calice may possess from 0 
to 36 septa. The inner septal ends are often intertwisted to form a 
pseudocolumella. Dissepiments very thin, irregularly developed, fre- 
quently at the same level in the different interseptal loculi, usually 
from 1 to 2 mm. apart, the uppermost dissepiment of the corallite form- 
ing the base to the infilling stereoplasm. Increase by gemmation from 
buds formed at the interspaces between the walls of adjacent mature 
corallites. 


NO. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 195 


For a further detailed and most elaborate description of this coral 
consult the paper by Dr. G. J. Hinde on the genus Septastrwa in gen- 
eral, and the present species in particular. Nothing but the mode of 
attachment is now added to the characteristics of the form as so clearly 
determined by Dr. Hinde. 

The present writer, however, considers the Septastrea forbesi Kd- 
wards and Haime, as a synonym of the S. sexradiata Lonsdale. In 
discussing the similiarity of the two species Dr. Hinde! aptly sum- 
marizes the subject in the following words. He says that— 

It is very evident that in form, mode of growth, and in every other feature but 
one, this species (S. sexradiata) is closely similar to Septastrwa forbesi. The one fea- 
ture in which it differs is the greater development of the third cycle of septa within 
the calices. This feature, curiously enough, is limited to the calices, for in the lower 
part of the corallites only the 12 septa of the first and second. cycles are devel- 
oped, as in S. forbesi, so that specimeus in which the surface features are partially 
obliterated can not be distinguished from this latter species. I have serious doubts 
whether this one feature may not, after all, be due to a more favorable condition of 
growth or environment to which this particular specimen has been exposed. It is 
somewhat remarkable that of the thirteen specimens of Septastrwa which have come 
under my notice this is the only one which exhibits such a development of the third 
eycle of septa in the calices; in all others this cycle is only indicated by marginal 
ridges. There is a considerable amount of variation in this respect in the specimens 
referred to Septastrea forbesi, for in some only 6 septa are developed in the calices, 
in others 12, and yet no specific distinction can be made, since in certain specimens 
both conditions are present. It might therefore be urged that, as Lonsdale’s speci- 
men is undistinguishable in every other respect from Septastrwa forbesi, the difference 
in this variable feature does not possess specific value. While admitting the force 
of the argument, I think it is preferable provisionally to allow the difference to be 
specific, and if further evidence should show that it must be regarded as merely 
due to external conditions, and that there is only one species, then this species 
must bear Lonsdale’s name of sexradiata, since this has the priority of Edwards avd 
Haime’s name, forbesi. 


As the fori under discussion is the most common coral occurring in 
the beds of the Virginia Miocene, the writer has had an opportunity of 
studying a large series of specimens, and has reached the conclusion 
as stated above that all belong to the same species, although in the 

superficial calices there is often a remarkable divergence in the rela- 
tive development of the septa and the pseudocolumella. Were the 
Septastrea forbesi allowed of specific value, then a number of new spe- 
cific names should be employed for these forms with calices, either con- 
taining but 6 or less septa, or with the septa of the latter cycles united 
with those of the preceding, or with the other similar modifications in 
the calice. 

That both Mr. Lonsdale and Sir Charles Lyell considered these Sep- 
tastrea as of one species, the S. sexradiata is evinced by the fact that 
the former, who described the forms, gave but one specific name to them, 
and the latter, who collected the specimens, stated? that lying on the 
beach of the James River were masses of the S. sexradiata upward of 


2Tdem., I, 1845 p. 416. 


196 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


2 feet in width, which had been washed out of the shell marl. The 
above would show that both Lonsdale and Lyell regarded the coral 
described as representing the specimens collected rather than of:a 
peculiar variety as has been since considered by later writers, with the 
possible exception of Dr. Hinde, who desired further information on 
the subject before finally committing himself. 

The first reference to this coral is found in 1837 as a footnote to an 
article! on the gevlogy of the Tertiary formations of Virginia by W. B. 
and H. D. Rogers. They remark that an Astrea of immense magnitude 
was lying at that time half buried in sand on the beach of Tarbay, James 
River, having fallen to its present position from an overhanging cliff. 
They add further that it was much reduced in size since its fall, but had 
then an approximate weight of 700 pounds and a diameter in its greatest 
length of 4§ feet. Mr. Arthur Bibbins has recently secured this his- 
toric specimen for the Geological Museum of the Woman’s College of 
Baltimore where it is now preserved. 

Dimensions.—The largest specimen is about 1.5 meters in its greatest 
diameter; breadth of calices from 3 to 8.5 mm. with an average width 
of 4.6 mm. 

Geological horizon.—Miocene, Chesapeake formation. 

Locality.—Bellefield and Yorktown on the York River, and at many 
points on the James River, Virginia. In some of the previous papers 
on the subject this coral is frequently mentioned as coming from Mary- 
land, but none of the specimens in the collections examined by the 
writer came from that State. 

Collections.—U.S. National Museum; Philadelphia Academy of Natu- 
ral Sciences; Wagner Free Institute of Science; Johns Hopkins Uni- 
versity; Woman’s College of Baltimore. 


CATALOGUE OF SPECIFIC NAMES EMPLOYED BY WRITERS UPON THE 
NEOCENE CORALS OF THE UNITED STATES. 


Page 

Anthophyllum lineatum Lonsdale, 1845, Astrangia lineata (Conrad) .......-.. 187 

lineatum Lyell, 1845, Astrangia lineata (Conrad).----..----.---- 187 

lineatum Bronn, 1848, Astrangia lineata (Conrad).----.....----- 188 

Antillia biloba (Duchassaing) Gane 1895. .....---- We SL ee ee 186 

bilobata Duncan, 1864, Antillia biloba (Duchassaing) -....-...----.---- 186 

bilobata Duncan, 1868, Antillia biloba (Duchassaing)-.--..--.---------- 186 

bilobata Pourtales, 1875, Antillia biloba (Duchassaing)....-.---.------ 186 
quesdesii Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1866, Antillia biloba (Duchas- 

BALMS) 0 oe SS ars a ai elnyeie nisin stale re ereticterere (ote slei See eter eee enone 186 

Astrea bella Tuomey, 1857, Cenangia bella (Conrad) .-...-..---.---..-------- 189 

bella Holmes, 1860, Cenangia bella (Conrad) ......---..---------.----- 189 

marylandica Conrad, 1846, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) ---.--..---- 190 

marylandica Lonsdale, 1847, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) -.-...----- 190 
marylandica Tuomey and Holmes, 1857, Cwnangia marylandica (Con- 

TNO een ae ee cS Ie ENE ena MAO AES aS Coan Snes GOOG 190 

marylandica Meek, 1864, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) .-...-.--.---- 190 


1 Trans. Am. Phil; Soc., new ser., V, p. 338, orin the Reprint of the Geology of the 
Virginias, p. 667. 


NO. 1193. SOME NEOCENE CORALS—GANE. 


Astrangia astrwiformis Edwards and Haime, 1850, Gane, 1895. ...--.---------. 
astreiformis Edwards and Haime, 1857 - ......-.-- See aaee 
astreiformis Verrill, 1863, Astrangia astre@iformis Sse) ana Haime. 
astreiformis Pourtalés, 1871, Astrangia astrwiformis Edwards and 


? bella Edwards and Haime, 1857, Caenangia bella (Conrad) .....--.. 

? bella Edwards and Haime, 1857, Septastrwa. sexradiata (Lonsdale) - 

? bella de Fromentel, 1861, Cenangia bella (Conrad) .....-----.----- 

? bella de Fromentel, 1861, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale)-....-.-. 

linenia (Commech) Carne, W8.5556 6560 vosedo cos5 cese Seo vuoobacoes ET 

? marylandica Edwards and Haime, Canangia marylandica (Conrad) . 

Astrea sp. Rogers, W. B. and H. D., 1837, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale)... 
sp. Rogers, W. B. and H. D., 1884, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale). -- 
Astrea bella Conrad, 1841, Canangia bella (Conrad) .....--..---.------------- 
bella Conrad, 1842, Cenangia bella (Conrad) ...-......-------.---- <--- 

bella Meek, 1864, Coenangia hella (Conrad) ......-...-.-.----.--------- 
hirtolamellata? Lyell, 1845, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) ----..------ 
hirtolamellata Lonsdale, 1845, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) .--..---- 
marylandica Conrad, 1841, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) ....-.---- -- 
marylandica Conrad, 1842, Canangia marylandica (Conrad) ....---- ---- 
marylandica Tuomey, 1848, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) ...-------- 
Astrhelia palmata Edwards and Haime, 1849, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss). -- 
palmata Edwards and Haime, 1850, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss). - - - 

palmata Edwards and Haime, 1851, Astrohclia palmata (Goldfuss) -- -- 

palmata Bronn, 1853-56, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss) --.-------.---- 
Astrohelia palmata, Edwards and Haime, 1857, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss). - 
palmata Meek, 1864, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss)..--.....--.------ 

pola (Cochin) Cee, Weis s66s5oqcace0 ceo sanicss ous coocoucedoss 

Astroitis sexradiata Dana, 1846, Septastrea sexradiata (Lonsdale) .....--------- 
or Pleiadia marylandica Dana, 1846, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad). 
Caryophyllia lineata Conrad (manuscriptlabel), 1845, Astrangia lineata (Conrad) 
(allied to family of ) Dana, 1847, Canangia marylandica (Conrad) 

Circophyllia species 3, Lonsdale, manuscript, 1854, Aniillia (TEESE DONE SSCS 
BMG! WHENONOBA). coossosdeccousboedsos nba 6a0Go6 Gadd 5555 codeuu GoobED conSIoDad 
Clagacore polbinecnt: Caine, Ns a4 sedans Sson Sab ssnceoodde G65b nnoCbo UaScueseaod 
? lineata Meek, 1864, Astrangia lineata (Conrad).-.....--...---------- 
Cenangia bella Verrill, 1868, Cenanyia bella (Conrad) ....-....---.---------- 
aula, (Conmmeyel)) Ceyngy, shkey se oboe bs sesu eden secoeso sae obaEns GaboSE boUe 
marylandica Verrill, 1868, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) ...--.---- 
moampjanaica (Conrad) Gane yl Sob aacsencen oo enie cis ccis= = eee 
Columnaria? sexradiata Lonsdale, 1845, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale)... --- 
sexradiata Lyell, 1845, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale) ....-.- ---- 

sexradiata Bronn, 1848, Septasirwa sexradiaia (Lonsdale)..------.-- 

iDesmapibg lon: woallioorse Cannes saa eGo c665.G080 cobs Conbeo Sodas HooeoBbEsues 
Dipsastrea hirtolamellata Bronn, 1848, Cenangia marylandica (Conrad) .-..----- 
Glyphastrea forbesi Duncan, 1886, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale) ..------.. -- 
sexradiata Duncan, 1887, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale) ......-- 

forbesi Duncan, 1887, Septastrewa searadiata (Lonsdale) ...-..----- 
Lithodendron lineatus Conrad, 1835, Astrangia lineata (Conrad)....------------ 
lineatum Conrad, 1846, Astrangia lineata (Conrad).-.-..-..-.----- 

Madrepora palmata Goldfuss, 1826-33, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss)....-. ---- 
palmata Blainville, 1834, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss) ..----.----- 

palmata Lamarck, 1836, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss) ...---..----- 

ORIGRE jolwocennea, Caine, IOs co5cdeseeo obbba0 5566 aa 0005 S5eE Boob beCoDdeSeaSe 
Montlivaultia guesdesii Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1861, Antilla guesdesi 
(Duchassainc’ and Michelotti):---=. --c25- 22-2. 2. -- 22 scene sevcen ne 50006 


189 
194 
187 
190 
194 
194 
189 
189 
189 
190 
190 
190 
190 
190 
185 
186 
186 
186 
186 
186 
186 
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190 
187 
190 


186 
192 
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198 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL 


Page 
Oculina palmata Ehrenberg, 1834, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss} »224- 5s 185 
palmata Bronn, 1848, Astrohelia palmata (Goldfuss).......--..-------- 185 
IEG ROKCTORAN OS OCUUGOGH OO, (CANT) Wee ea5e GaSe boGK45 6550 5565605455 boos Goon cea = ses- - 185 
PhyllangiajlonidanaGaney'S95ese= sees es eee eee ete esse ee ee eee 191 
Pleiadia or Astroitis marylandica Dane, 1846, Canangia marylandica (Conrad)-.- 190 
Septastrwa forbesi Edwards and Haime, 1849, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale). 194 
forbesi Edwards and Haime, 1851, Septastrwasexradiata (Lonsdale)... 194 
forbesi Edwards and Haime, 1857, Septastrea sexradiata(Lonsdale)... 194 
forbesi de Fromental, 1861, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale)..---.-. 194 
forbesi Meek, 1864, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale).........-----.. 194 
forbesi Hinde, 1888, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale) .....-....----- 194 
? sexradiata Meek, 1864, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale) -..--..-.---- 194 
secradiata Hinde, 1888, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale) .--.-.-.--- 1943 
sexradiata (uonsdale) Gane 189o sess pease ee eee 194 
subramosa d’Orbigny,-1849, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale) ...--.. 194 
subramosa d’Orbigny, 1852, Septastrwa sexradiata (Lonsdale). --.-.--. 194 
Turbinolia biloba Duchassaing, 1850, Antillia guesdesi (Duchassaing and Miche- 
lott) acs ssees eee as Sie ek SaaS SSS AS Ly iS eee fo eye 186 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE. 
PLATE XV. 
Bigs, 1-3. Desmophiyllam nvillcoxt Gane conser = eee ia aaa 184 


Fig. 1, view of a specimen from the side; altitude of specimen, 
28 mm.; fig. 2. calice of the same, greater diameter, 32 mm.; 
fig. 3, view of another specimen, looking at end of longer trans- 
verse axis, altitude of specimen, 30 mm. 
A-6. Ranacyathusivaughant Gane) = ee) oes ea ieee eee eee 185 
Fig. 4, view of a specimen from the side, altitude, 6mm.; fig. 5, 
calice of the same, greater diameter, 8 mm.; fig. 6, cost of 
another specimen enlarged. 
=O. RAY LlAngiaaflontd ana) Gane) aes vases selec oes ee ae eer ee eee 191 
Fig. 7, general view, natural size; fig. 8, coste enlarged; fig. 9, 
a calice, greater diameter, 6.5 mm. : 
10-12. Cladocora johnsoni Gane. --..--.----2--. «+--+ --+- --- 2 -- ---- == -- 192 
Fig. 10, view of a specimen, 11 mm. long; fig. 11, view of another 
specimen, 7.5 mm. long; fig. 12, calice of the latter, diameter, 
3mm, 


U, S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. XV 


NEOCENE CORALS OF THE UNITED STATES. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 198. 


(ae 


Tene 
Exit 
. 


4 


fe Apaiiaes 
iat 


ey, 


A NEW FOSSIL SPECIES OF CARYOPHYLLIA FROM CALI- 
FORNIA, AND A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF TURBI- 
NOLID CORAL FROM JAPAN. 


By T. WAYLAND VAUGHAN, A. M., 


Assistant Geologist, U. S. Geological Survey. 


iN NEW FOSSIL SPECIES OF CARYOPHYLLIA FROM CAL- 
IFORNIA. 


The coral described below was in some material sent by Mr. Ralph 
Arnold, of Leland Stanford Junior University, to the U.S. National 
Museum to be named. Mr. W. H. Dall kindly placed the specimen in 
my hands for determination. As it proved to be undescribed, the 
following diagnosis has been prepared. 


CARYOPHYLLIA ARNOLDI, new species, 
(Plate XVI, figs. 1, 2.) 


Form of corallum slightly deformed inverted cone-shaped. A basal 
scar present, but the coral in its later stages was evidently unattached. 
Base subacute, calice nearly circular in transverse outline. 

Dimensions.—Greater diameter of calice, 16 mm.; lesser diameter of 
calice, 15.3 mm.; height of corallum, 16.5 mm.; depth of fossa, about 
6.5 mm. 

Coste very distinct, low, broad, rounded, or flattish, show no orna- 
mentation, but the specimen is worn and they were probably minutely 
granulated. There is a tendency to alternation in size, which is pro- 
nounced near the base. There is no observable epitheca. The wall is 
stout, solid, a distinct pseudotheca. The cost are wide and the inter- 
costal spaces very narrow, simply furrows, and the septa are thickened 
at the wall. The upper margins of the septa project very slightly above 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VoL. XXII—No. 1194. 
199 


200 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


the upper limit of the corallum wall. There are four complete cycles 
of septa (forty-eight in all), arranged as follows: Twelve large thick 
septa, joined to the columella by very thick pali. The width of each 
palus is equal to the width of its corresponding septum; the upper 
margins of the palus stands about 2 mm. above the upper surface of 
the columella, and fully 1 mm. above the notch dividing the palus from 
the septal lamina. The width of the paliis about 2.5mm. From the 
upper margin of the septum to the notch between septum and palus is 
about 4.5 mm., may be slightly greater. Theinner ends of the pali are 
fused solidly around the columella and to it. On the septal faces are 
small granulations arranged in curves parallel to the upper septal mar- 
gins. On the faces of the paliare granulated or serrated crests arranged 
in curves parallel to the upper margins of the pali. Between each pair 
of these larger septa are three smaller (one of the third cycle and two 
of the fourth). The members of the third cycle are narrow above the 
level of the upper termination of the columella; below this they widen, 
but do not seem ever to reach the columella. The members of the fourth 
cycle are narrow, and thin except where they arch over the walls. The 
columella is essential, is composed of several pieces, trabeculze, which 
are firmly soldered one to another and to the inner terminations of the 
pali by solid basal calcareous deposit. From the upper margins of the 
septa to the upper termination of the columella is about 6.5 mm.; that 
is, the calicular fossa is about 6.5 mm. deep. The greater diameter of 
the upper termination is 5 mm., the lesser 3.5 mm., above whose level, 
as may be gathered from what preceded, the pali form a regular crown. 

Locality—San Pedro Hill, San Pedro, California. 

Geological horizon.—Pleistocene. 

Type.—Cat. No. 157509, U.S.N.M. 


A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF TURBINOLID CORAL 
FROM JAPAN. 


The specimen upon which the subsequent descriptions are based was 
sent to the U. S. National Museum by Rev. H. Loomis, Yokohama, 
Japan. Mr.W.H. Dall asked me to determine it, and as it proves to 
belong to both a new genus and species, the following generic and 
specific diagnoses have been prepared: 


LEVIPALIFER, new genus. 


Salient generic features.—Simple Turbinolid; corallum very short, 
inversely conical in shape, almost discoid; no sign of attachment, living 
free. Wall naked. Septa within the wall possess entire or faintly 
crenate margins; external to the wall beset with rounded dentations. 
Coste dentate, the dentations with blunt or rounded ends. Four com- 
plete cycles of septa; palit are before all septa and have entire margins. 
Columella essential, trabecular. 


NO. 1194. TWO NEW TURBINOLID CORALS—VAUGHAN. 201 


LEVIPALIFER ORIENTALIS, new species. 
(Plate XVI, figs. 3-7.) 


Corallum, without any sign of attachment, subdiscoid in form, the 
base pointed. Transverse outline of the calice circular. 

Dimensions.— Diameter, 20 mm.; altitude, 9 mm. 

Cost well developed, thin, distant, correspond to all septa; those of 
the first and second cycles of the same size; those of the third slightly 
sinaller, and those of the fourth still smaller. They are rather tall at 
the calicular edge of the wall, becoming lower as the base is approached. 
Two cycles are continued to the apex of the base. The costal margins 
are beset with rather tall, rounded or blunt dentations. In some 
instances the ends of the dentations are swollen. Each dentation 
marks the emergence on the surface of a small ridge (or stria) along 
which are arranged rather tall but not very sharp pointed granulations. 
The lateral faces of the cost are perpendicular to the corallum wall; 
that is, the costz show no, or almost no, thickening at the wall. 

There are four complete cycles of septa, arranged in six definite sys- 
tems. Six of the septa stand isolated from the other septa and extend 
directly to the columella. Between each pair of these six is a definite 
group of septa belonging to higher cycles. Those of the third cycle 
bend toward those of the second, and the members of the fourth bend 
toward those of the third. Quite frequently the members of the fourth 
cycle are longer than the inclosed members of the third. The longer 
member of the fourth cycle for any given half system is the one stand- 
ing next to the septum of the first cycle. This arrangement is the 
common one in the Kupsammide. The fusion of the septa into the 
groups above indicated is affected by the pali. The lateral ornamenta- 
tion of the septa consists of ridges or strive, which possess a line of 
_ divergence slightly interior to the wall and parallel to it, and granula- 
tions placed along the striz. Within the line of divergence the striz 
bend toward the interior of the corallum, and exterior to it they bend 
outward, ultimately downward. On the inner side of the line of diver- 
gence the septal margin is entire or shows very faint crenations. 
Exterior to it each ridge is terminated by a dentation, not very 
long just at the line of divergence, but quite soon the dentations are 
larger. The dentations on the peripheral ends of the septa, that is, 
the cost, have already been described. When one looks directly at 
the edge of a septum the strizw are seen to alternate in position, and 
the septum is usually faintly undulate in a direction parallel to the 
long axis of the strie. The granulations are placed along the strize 
and are arranged in curves parallel to the septal margin. The granu- 
lations are rather tall, but are not sharp-pointed; their tips are blunt 
or rounded. The septal margins project considerably above the upper 
edge of the wall; the members of the first and second cycles are equally 
prominent, and are more exsert than those of the third and fourth 


202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. - VOL, XXII. 


cycles, which are equal in prominence. The septa are distant, thin, 
weak, and show no marked thickening at the wall. 

Pali are before every cycle of septa. Those before the first cycle 
are the broadest. The pali belonging to each septal group included 
between the members of the first cycle are deltoid in arrangement. 
The arrangement is well shown in Plate XVI, fig. 6. The pali are 
broad and are simple lobes, excepting usually there is an inner tooth 
before the delta composed of the pali of each group of septa of the 
third and fourth cycles. The margins of the pali are entire. The trabec- 
ular make-up of the pali is the same as that of the septa; each palus 
has its own line of divergence, etc. The fusion of the septa into deltas 
through the pali is effected usually by synapticula. Excepting these 
synapticula the interseptal loculi are entirely vacant. 

Some hints have already been thrown out as to the make-up of the 
wall. It is entirely naked, imperforate, and rather thin, thickening 
very little from internal calcareous deposit; no processes extending 
inward from it between the septa (such as are quite common in some 
Turbinolid genera) were seen. As the septa and cost do not thicken 
in crossing the wall, this coral would be said to possess a eutheca. In 
my mind the point to be emphasized is that the septa are distant and — 
thin, and the connecting wall is also thin. The wall between the cost 
possesses no ornamentation. 

The columella is large, well-developed, trabecular, and spongy. 

Locality.—Boshiu (Awa), eastern coast of Japan. 

Type.—Cat. No. 19391, U.S.N.M. 

Bathymetric distribution not known. 

Remarks.—The natural group to which this coral belongs is very 
evident. It is very closely related to Trochocyathus and Deltocyathus. 
It is separated from the latter genus solely by possessing one more 
crown of pali. The genus Leptocyathus Milne-Edwards and Haime, 
was founded to receive the coral from the London Clay, designated by 
them Leptocyathus elegans,' which, according to them, possesses dentic- 
ulate pali before all cycles of the septa. The pali of Leptocyathus, 
according to the figure (Plate III, fig. 6c), are small, and do not exhibit 
a noticeably deltoid arrangement. There are other differences; the 
septa are much thickened at the wall, and the cost possess very broad 
bases. Pourtales? has described a species, found off Conch Reef and 
Tennessee Reef, Florida waters, as Leptocyathus stimpsoni. I doubt if 
this coral is really a Leptocyathus. It possesses many points of differ- 
ence from the type species L. elegans, and certainly is not closely related 
to the species here described. 

It may be repeated that Levipalifer is most closely related to 
Deltocyathus. 


‘Monograph Brit. Foss. Corals, Paleontograph. Soc., 1850, pp. xiv, 21, 22, pl. 111. 
figs. 6, 6a-c. 
2T1l. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool., No. LV (Deep Sea Corals), 1871, p. 12, pl. 11, figs. 


1-3. 


No. 1194. 


TWO NEW TURBINOLID CORALS—VAUGHAN. 203 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE. 
[All drawings made by Dr. J. C. McConnell. | 
PLATE XVI. 


Figs. 1,2. Caryophyllia arnoldi, new species. Cat. No. 157509, U.S.N.M. 


3= 


Fig. 1, upright view; height of corallum, 16.5 mm.; fig. 2, view of calice 
from above; greater diameter of calice, 16 mm. 


7. Levipalifer orientalis, new genus and new species. Cat. No. 19391, U.S.N.M. 


Fig. 3,view of base; diameter of base, 20 mm.; fig.4, upright view; alti- 
tude, 9mm.; fig. 5, portion of costa and exsert portion of septum, looking 
at edge, enlarged, shows character of granulations on the septal faces; 
fig. 6, one complete system of septa, enlarged, shows the arrangement of 
the pali; fig.7, view of the sides of a septum of the fourth cycle, and 
one of the first cycle, showing } ali in profile, the septal granulations, 
ete. Thenotch behind the pali is usually deeper than in the case of the 
palus in the foreground. 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. XVI 


NEW TURBINOLID CORALS. 


FOR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 203. 


NOTES ON BIRDS COLLECTED BY DOCTOR W. L. ABBOTT 
IN CENTRAL ASIA. 


By HARRY C. OBERHOLSER, 
Assistant Biologist, Department of Agriculture. 


‘Dr. Abbott’s earliest collections of birds from Cashmere and Ladak 
have already been fully treated by Dr. C. W. Richmond.’ Upon leav- 
ing Madagascar, in 1895, Dr. Abbott proceeded again to Cashmere, 
where he spent the remainder of the year—some four months—mostly 
in places previously visited. Again, in 1897, he was there for a month 
or So from about the middle of October, having come from Ladak, in 
which latter region, at various localities, he had been collecting since 
the middle of June. 

As the ornithological results of these later visits to Central Asia, the 
United States National Museum has duly received two consignments 
of specimens; and at the request of the curator of the division of birds 
a list of them is here presented. Although these collections number 
together only 142 specimens, representing 62 species, they comprise 
several birds of considerable interest and a number not previously 
obtained by Dr. Abbott. All matter within quotation marks is to be 
credited to the collector. 

The writer is under obligation to Dr. Richmond for his uniform 
courtesy during the preparation of this paper, as well as for permission 
to make use of his notes upon several of the larger species. 


Family LARID J. 
LARUS BRUNNEICEPHALUS Jerdon. 


Larus brunneicephalus JERDON, Madras Journ., XII, 1840, p. 25. 

Two adult females in somewhat worn breeding plumage, from Tsokr 
Chumo Lake, Ladak, at 15,000 feet altitude, July 13,1897. ‘Tris pale 
greenish; orbital skin red; feet red; billdark red. Length, 163 inches. 
A colony of 15 or 20 individuals at this lake. Nests not found.” 


'Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, pp. 451-503. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1195. 


206 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


LARUS RIDIBUNDUS Linneus. 


Larus ridibundus LINN2US, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 225. 

One specimen, from the Valley of Cashmere. This is an adult male 
in winter plumage, with no brown hood, and with dusky only ou aurie- 
ulars; the black and white areas on primaries are very sharply defined. 
“Trides blackish brown; feet red; claws black; bill red, the tip black. 
Length, 16 inches.” 


STERNA HIRUNDO TIBETANA (Saunders). 


Sterna tibetana SAUNDERS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1876, p. 649. 

Two adult males: one from the Indus River at Mya, Ladak, 13,000 
feet, September 11,1897; the other from Tsomoriri Lake, Ladak, 15,000 
feet, July 29,1897. ‘‘ Length, 134 and 142 inches, respectively. Iris 
dark brown; bill red, the tip black; feet red; claws black.” 

Careful comparison with a large series of American and European 
specimens indicates that the bird from Thibet, though not specifically 
distinct from S. hirundo, is yet well worthy of separation as a geograph- 
ical race, to which the name tibetana is applicable. This central Asian 
form is much darker on the mantle and much less whitish on the nape; 
the lower parts also are of a deeper gray, particularly on the flanks. 


Family CHARADRITDAE. 
OCHTHODROMUS INCONSPICUUS (Wagler). 


Charadrius inconspicuus WAGLER, Isis, 1829, p. 651. 
Charadrius pyrrhothoras GOULD, Birds Europe, IV, 1837, pl. 299. 
Agialitis pamirensis RICHMOND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1896, p. 589. 

Six specimens (four adult males, one female, and one immature male) 
from various localities in Ladak, at from 14,000 to 15,000 feet; taken 
July 7 to 20, and September 8, 1597. Among the males the amount and 
shade of the ochraceous on the crown varies considerably, and on the 
upper tail-coverts of one specimen there is very little brown; otherwise 
all are very similar. There are a few small flecks of white in the black 
of the forehead and lores, particularly the latter, but this effect is due 
to the wearing off of the black tips of the feathers, with its consequent 
exposure of the white basal portions, and would probably not be notice- 
able in fresh plumage. “Length, 74 to 74 inches. Iris dark brown; 
bill, feet, and claws black.” 

Dr. Sharpe dismisses the female of this species with the remark that 
it is “similar to the male;”! but as a matter of fact it differs very notice- 
ably in having the black of the forehead and lores replaced by pale 
ochraceous brown mixed with white, that of the subocular and auricu- 
lar regions by dull brown. The crown is also duller, the breastband 


' Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 228. 


NO. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASIA—OBERHOLSER. 207 


paler, the collar on hind neck narrower and less well defined. The 
young bird resembles the adult female, but is darker brown above, with 
buffy ochraceous margins to all the feathers; there is also more buffy 
on the sides of the head, the breastband is paler, and the entire lower 
surface, with the exception of the crissum, is more or less tinged with 
buffy. . 

Careful comparisons with the type of Dr. Richmond’s Wgialitis 
pamirensis prove beyond a doubt that it is the same as the bird Dr. 
Sharpe identifies! as pyrrhothorax of Gould. When Dr. Richmond 
described his pamirensis he had not access to the volume of the British 
Museum Catalogue containing the Limicole; and the species is synon- 
ymized with mongolus in Seebohm’s Geographical Distribution of Plo- 
vers, Sandpipers, and Snipes. Since no specimens of pyrrhothorax at 
that time existed in the United States National Museum collection, 
the mistake was of course a very natural one. The correct specific 
name of this species seems to be inconspicuus Wagler,’ the description 
and probable locality pointing to this identification, and this name 
antedating pyrrhothorax Gould by eight years. 


Family SCOLOPACID.. 
GALLINAGO SOLITARIA Hodgson. 


Gallinago solitaria HopGson, Gleanings in Science, ITI, 1831, p. 238. 

One male of this handsome snipe was taken on December 10, 1895, 
in the Valley of Cashmere. “Iris dark brown; bill plumbeous, tip 
black; feet and legs pale yellowish green; toes black. Length, 124 
inches.” 

HELODROMAS OCHROPUS (Linnzus). 


Tringa.ocrophus (err. typ.) LINN&%US, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 149. 
Totanus ochropus TEMMINCK, Man. d’Orn., 1815, p. 420. 
One specimen in winter plumage, from the Valley of Cashmere. 
“Tris dark brown; feet and legs olive plumbeous; claws black; bill 
black, olive at base. Length, 94 inches.” 


TOTANUS TOTANUS EURHINUS, new subspecies. 


Chars. subsp.—Like true Totanus totanus, but very much larger. 

Description.—Type, male, adult, Cat. No. 162823, U.S.N.M.; Lake 
Tsomoriri, Ladak, 15,000 feet, July 29, 1897; Dr. W. L. Abbott. Above 
rufescent broccoli brown, the feathers everywhere with dark brown 
centers, the back more or less irregularly barred with the same; rump 
pure white, sparingly marked with brownish; tail and upper tail- 
coverts dull white, heavily barred with sepia brown, the terminal 


1 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XXIV, 1896, p. 226. 2 Isis, 1829, p. 651. 


208 
portion of central tail-feathers buffy; wings fuscous, the innermost 
secondaries like the back and barred on exposed portions with dark 
brown; remainder of secondaries white, but pale brown on concealed 
bases; greater coverts white or grayish distally, brownish gray basally, 
and barred with sepia; median coverts brownish gray, barred with 
sepia; lesser coverts almost plain; lower surface white, more or less 
heavily marked throughout with sepia, these markings taking on throat 
and breast the form of broad streaks, on flanks, sides, and crissum of 
bars, and elsewhere of more or less irregular spots; lining of wing white, 
varied with brownish, except on axillars. 

The form of Totanus totanus' inhabiting Central and Eastern Asia, 
although seemingly identical with the European bird in color and mark- 
ings, is yet so much larger, particularly in length of wing, tail, and eul- 
men, that its separation as a subspecies appears to be warranted. All 
of the many names which the species possesses are without doubt exelu- 
sively applicable to the European bird, thus leaving the Eastern form 
without a name. The following table of millimeter measurements 
presents the difference between the two races: 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


Totanus totanus totanis. 


ess sy one . Exposed Middle. 
Sex. | Locality. Wing. Tail. einen Tarsus. a 
Female ........ lelEMMEey IMEC) Soconcaaoaaooesene 156 62 46 50 30 
WMscccopasn|lsecas (Mime caomocsconsuueradsouaesade 158 64 39 44 28 
Maller. ea saercal teres (OSB sas soscBarenpouEoanrans 152 65 41 45 30 
Does esre sae COM RSA ee econ eects 151 62 40 41 29 
AD Sosnoecay MMW) sosasdosoueDEuscodeoneEoss 150 G4 41 47 30 
Average (5 specimens) -...-.----.----------.| 153.4 63.4 41.4 45.4 29.4 
Totanus totanus eurhinus. 
Q : 5 ; Ex Chios Middl 
Sex Locality. Wing. Tail ee Tarsus. he © 
Female .-....--.. Kashgar, Turkestan ...-.......-- 160 69 44 44 28 
ORGS ee Lake Tsomoriri, Ladak .....----- 170 67 51 51 32 
Mia esses owe | ate COR sees ee ease ae omeaaee 160 65 44 47 30 
DOE eae ealiaees a Oe SARS eI aps soma 163 | 67 47 45 31 
Wosseanesn? HanléSWatlakesssseese eee eeeeeae 162 66 47 49 30 
AV erase) (O) SPECIMENS) ) ss -(e)-ceeaee see eseeee 163 | 66.8 46.6 47.2 30. 2 
| 


Four specimens of Totanus t. eurhinus, including the type, are in the 
present collection; three of these are from Lake Tsomoriri, Ladak, at 
15,000 feet; the other from Hanlé, Rupshu, Ladak, 14,000 feet; and all 
are summer birds. ‘ Length of male, 114 inches; of female, 113 inches; 
bill black, orange brown at base beneath; iris dark brown; feet 
orange red; claws black.” 


Le 


1 Scolopac totanus Linnzus, Syst. Nat., LOth ed., I, 1758, p. 145 (—Totanus calidris 
auct.). 


No. 1195. . BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASIA—OBGERHOLSER. 209 


Family ANATID A, 
QUERQUEDULA QUERQUEDULA (Linnzus) 
Anas querquedula LINN.£US, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 126. 
Querquedula querquedula Batrp, Am. Journ. Sci. and Arts, XLI, 1866, p. 339, 


One apparently adult female, from Rupshu, Ladak, at 13,000 feet, 
September 9, 1897. ‘ Length, 16 inches.” The white of the throat is 
quite pure, but that of the posterior lower surface is decidedly grayish, 
as the bases of the feathers show through the overlaid white tips. 


CASARCA CASARCA (Linnzus). 
Anas casarca LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., III, App., 1768, p. 224. 
Casarca casarca ALLEN, Auk, XIII, 1896, p. 164. 


One adult female, from Tsokr Chumo Lake, Ladak, taken July 11, 
1897. The plumage of this example is much worn, and the colors of 
back and head much bleached. ‘“ Bill and feet black. Length, 24 
inches.” 


Family PHASIANID 4. 
PUCRASIA MACROLOPHA BIDDULPHI (Marshall), 


Pucrasia biddulphi MARSHALL, Ibis, 1879, p. 461. 


One example, from the Pir Panjal Range, Cashmere, at an altitude of 
8,00) feet. This is an immature male, and is molting about the head. 
“Tris dark brown; feet leaden; claws dark leaden. Length, 184 inches.” 


LOPHOPHORUS REFULGENS Temminck. 


Lophophorus refulgens TEMMINCK, Pig. et Gall., II, 1813, p. 355. 
One adult male from near Bandipoor, Cashmere, October 6, 1895. 
“Length, 294 inches; weight, 65 pounds.” 
TETRAOGALLUS TIBETANUS Gould. 


Tetraogallus tibetanus GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1853, p. 47. 
One adult male, from Takalungla, Ladak, at the remarkable altitude 
of 17,000 feet. ‘Feet brick red; claws dark horn brown; orbital skin 
dull orange; iris dark brown; bill horny orange.” 


Family COLUMBID. 


COLUMBA RUPESTRIS PALLIDA Rothschild and Hartert. 


Columba rupestris pallida ROTHSCHILD and HARTERT, Ornith. Monatsber., I, 1893, 
p. 4. 

Three specimens from Ladak: two of these are from Gya, at 14,000 
feet, the other from Hanlé Goupa. “Bill black; cere powdery white; 
feet red, claws blackish horny; iris, male. orange red; female, brick red. 

Prov. N. M. vol. xxii——14 


2910 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Common about villages and cultivation [Gya]; common throughout 
Rupshu up to 16,000 and 17,000 feet. It comes picking around the 
camps and sheepfolds of the Champas.” These examples are identical 
with others from Cashmere and the Thian Shan Mountains previously 
obtained by Dr. Abbott, and recorded by Dr. Richmond as true 
rupestris.' They are, however, undoubtedly referable to Columba r. 
pallida, exhibiting all the characteristics of that race. 


TURTUR SURATENSIS (Gmelin). 


Columba suratensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 778. 
Turtur suratensis STRICKLAND, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1842, p. 168. 
One adult male, from the Valley of Cashmere. ‘Iris dull red; bill 
black; feet livid purple; length, 113 inches.” 


Family VULTURID. 
GYPS HIMALAYENSIS Hume 


Gyps himalayensis HUME, Rough Notes, I, 1869, p. 14. 


Two specimens accompanied by the following data. 

‘Male, Lolab, Cashmere, November 3, 1895; 8,000 feet. Iris mottled 
brownish gray; bill pale greenish horn; cere dark gray horn; bare skin 
on throat pale blue; feet pale greenish; claws blackish. Length, 463 
inches; extent, 110 inches; weight, 21 pounds.” 

‘‘ Female, Sind Valley, Cashmere, December 13, 1895; 6,000 feet. Iris 
dark brown; bill pale greenish horny (like jade); cere horny blachish 
brown; bare skin of head pale blue; feet pale greenish slate color; 
claws black. Length, 46 inches; extent, 107 inches; weight, 19 
pounds.” 

The male seems to be adult, although the crop patch is quite dark 
brown instead of whitish fawn color; the female, judging from the 
darker colors on the upper parts, appears to be more or less immature. 


Family FALCONID A. 
CERCHNEIS TINNUNCULA INTERSTINCTA (McClelland). 


Falco interstinctus MCCLELLAND, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1839, p. 154. 


Two adult males of this handsome falcon: one from Zogila Pass, 
Cashmere, at 10,500 feet; the other from Machalung, Indus Valley, 
Ladak. The latter specimen is a bird in process of molt (September 
17). ‘Its stomach contained lizards.” 

Specimens of the kestrel from Cashmere and Ladak are much darker, 
particularly above, than those from Europe, and should apparently bear 
the subspecific name interstincta McClelland. This race was originally 
described from specimens obtained in Assam, and it undoubtedly occu- 


‘Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 587. 


No. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASIA—OBERHOLSER. 911 


pies at least the whole of the Himalaya region, with very probably a 
large part of India. Birds from the Thian Shan Mountains and east- 
ern Turkestan are, however, paler, and apparently must be referred to 
the European form. 


FALCO PEREGRINUS Tunstall. 


Faleo peregrinus TUNSTALL, Orn. Brit., 1771, p. 1. 


Three specimens, all from the Valley of Cashmere. “Iris dark 
brown; bill horny blue, black at tip, greenish yellow at base; cere and 
eyelids yellow; feet yellow; claws black. Length of male, 16} inches; 
of female, 184 inches; weight of female, 25 pounds. Crop and stomach 
of latter contained the remains of a teal.” 

One of these examples, which is apparently not quite adult, is 
darker above than the others, with the markings below larger as well 
as more numerous, and with a conspicuous tinge of ochraceous on the 
abdomen. There seems to be little or no difference between similar 
plumages of the birds from Asia and Europe. Our limited materia 
indicates that European specimens are less bluish above and darker on 
the head; but this distinction very possibly would not prove constant 
in a larger series. 

The Falco peregrinus of Tunstall, as above quoted, is apparently the 
earliest available name for the peregrine falecn, being 17 years prior 
to Gmelin’s names. Most of the new specific designations in Tunstall’s 
Ornithologica Britannica are mere nomina nuda, but some, among 
them Falco peregrinus, have references to Pennant’s British Zoology, 
and are thus rendered tenable. 


MILVUS GOVINDA Sykes. 


Milvus govinda SyKEs, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1832, p. 81. 


One adult male from the Valley of Cashmere, December 4, 1895. 
“Iris brown; bill black, horny blue at base; cere pale horny; feet 
dirty white; claws black. Length, 244 inches.” 


HALIAZETUS LEUCORYPHUS (Pallas). 


Aquila leucorypha PALLAS, Reis. Russ. Reichs, J, 1771, p. 454. 
Haliaetos leucorypha KEYSERLING and Buiastus, Wirb. Eur., 1840, p. xxx. 

Two specimens; one of them a male from the Hanlé River, Rupshu, 
Ladak, taken September 2, 1897. ‘‘Length,505 inches. Poisoned while 
feeding on the dead careass of a wild ass (Kiang).” The other example 
is a female from Woolar Lake, Vale of Cashmere, September 16, 1895. 
“Tris brownish gray; bill dull black; cere and base of bill grayish 
white; feet dirty white; claws black. Length, 314 inches. Feeds on 
dead fish and carrion; foully dirty.” 

The plumage of the female has much ochraceous, the tips and edges 
of the feathers everywhere being more or less tinged with either this 


BMP PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


color or fulvous, darkest on the head and neck. The breast and abdo- 
men are quite uniform ochraceous, the throat darker, more fulvous, the 
erissum more brownish; the tail is almost plain blackish brown, mot- 
tled somewhat with grayish near its base. The male is far from being 
so deeply ochraceous above, the edgings on the feathers of back and 
wings being whitish or buffy, producing a curiously mottled appear- 
ance, and forming thus a conspicuous contrast to the plumage of the 
female. Below the color is pale dull brownish, lighter and more ochra- 
ceous on the abdomen and foreneck, darkest on the throat; tail black, 
slightly tipped with whitish, and with a broad ill- defined nee of rife 
gray and dull white across Hg middle portion. 


HALIZZETUS ALBICILLUS (Linnzus). 


Falco albicilla Linnaus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 89. 
Haliwetus albicilla LEacu, Syst. Cat. M. B. Brit. Mus., 1816, p.9. 

‘Iwo specimens, both taken in the Vailey of Cashmere, on December 
19, 1895. ‘Male: Iris straw color; feet yellow; claws black. Length, 
324 inches; weight, 8 pounds. Stomach contained remains of a green 
woodpecker (Gecinus squamatus). Female: Iris straw color; bill and 
‘cere horny yellow; feet yellow; claws black. Length, 343 inches; 
weight, 10 pounds. Crop contained a thrush (Jerula); stomach con- 
tained remains of thrushes and rats.” 

Both of these specimens seem to be fully adult, their tails white ds. 
tally, except for small dusky markings near ake ends of the feathers. 
The many light tips, and some altogether paler feathers on both upper 
and lower parts, give to the plumage in places a conspicuously mottled 
appearance. These individuals appear to be perfectly identical with 
one from Korea. 


AQUILA BIFASCIATA J, E. Gray. 


Aquila bifasciata J. E. Gray, Hus. Ind. Zool., I, 1832, pl. x v1. 


Three specimens, all females, taken in the Valley of Cashmere, 
December 20 and 22, 1895. “Iris dark brown; bill horny blue, tip 
black; gape, cere, and feet yellow; claws black. Length, 31-32 inches; 
weight, 74 pounds. This species is very common in the valley at this 
season, and is very tame, sitting on the trees in the villages, probably 
because rats are plentiful near the houses. The stomachs of two of 
the birds taken contained remains of Mus rattus.” 

Two of the present examples are apparently typical adults, one of 
them evidently in process of molt both above and below. The remain- 
ing specimen is seemingly immature, being darker than the others, 
particularly on scapulars, wing-coverts, head, and under surface, while 
the primary-coverts as well as the greater series lack any indication of 
the paler tips characteristic of the adult. In this condition Aquila 
bifasciata superficially much resembles A. chrysaétos, but is everywhere 
paler; has fewer light fulvous feathers on occiput and nape; and the 


No. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASTA—OBERHOLSER. 213 


light ashy bars on the tail extend throughout, not leaving a broad 
band of black at the tip. 

The present writer is quite inclined to agree with Dr. Sharpe in his 
identification ' of the present species with the Aquila mogilnik of S. G. 
Gmelin;? but it is perhaps better, particularly in view of the confusion 
existing through diversity of opinion, to abandon entirely the use of 
Gmelin’s name, simply considering it unrecognizable—the course so 
strongly urged by Mr. Blanford.? The proper name for the steppe 
eagle will, of course, in such event be Aquila bifasciata Gray. 


AQUILA HELIACA Savigny. 
Aquila heliaca SAvIGNyY, Descr. de ’ Egypte, 1809, p. 459, pl. x1. 


> Four specimens, all from the Valley of Cashmere, and taken in De- 
cember, 1895. 

‘““Nemale adult: Iris gray, mottled with brown spots; bill horny blue 
with black tip; cere dull horny yellowish white; feet yellow; claws 
black. Length, 32 inches; weight, 8} pounds. Crop and stomach filled 
with the remains of Mus rattus. 

‘Female adult: Iris gray, mottled with brown; bill horny blue, tip 
black; cere dull horny yellow; feet pale dirty yellow; claws black. 
Length, 324 inches; weight, 94 pounds. Stomach contained remains of 
mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus). 

“Immature [sex not given, but probably male]: Iris straw color, 
mottled with brown on lower half; bill horny blue, black at the tips; 
cere horny white, with a greenish tinge; toes pale yellow; claws black. 
Length, 31 inches; weight, 54 pounds. 

‘‘Kemale immature: Iris brownish gray; bill horny blue, the tip 
black; cere horny yellow; feet yellow; claws black. Length, 31? inches; 
weight, 7 pounds. Stomach contained remains of a grebe (Podiceps).” 

In the two immature birds the dark streaking below is confined to 
the jugulum, breast, and upper abdomen; in the supposed male it is 
quite narrow, but in the female is so broad as to be in many places 
confluent. 


BUTEO FEROX (Gmelin). 


Accipiter feroz 8. G. GMELIN, Nov. Comm. Ac. Sci. Imp. Petrop., XV, 1771, p. 442, 
Dex 
Buteo ferox CABANIS, Journ. f. Ornith., 1854, p. 260. 


Highteen specimens of this very interesting bird were secured by Dr. 
Abbott, all but one of them in the Vale of Cashmere. The series con- 
tains no two individuals exactly alike, and represents apparently almost 
if not quite all the principal variations of plumage to which the species 


‘Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, p. 240. 
2Noy. Comm. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop., XV, 1771, p. 445, pl. x1 b 
3 Ibis, 1894, pp. 283-286. 


914 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


is subject. In view of this, it seems well to present a brief description 
of each example, to ation are also added, as of interest, the original 
label notes of the collector. 

a. Male adult, December 4,1895. Very dark above and below; no 
light spots on abdomen or thighs; some rufous streaks on throat, also 
on nape; tail very dark, with no broad subterminal bar, the light inter- 
spaces on central feathers so dark that the bars are but slightly indi- 
cated. “Bill black, bluish at base; cere yellowish green; gape yellow; 


} 
| 


eireilalt 


irides pale brownish gray ; feet yellow; claws black. Length, 234inches; — 


weight, 30 ounces. Stomach full of small frogs and grasshoppers; crop 
contained 17 small frogs and 1 grasshopper. Thin and in poor con- 
dition.” 

b. Male adult, December 7, 1895. Very dark, with no spots on abdo- 
men or thighs, but rich rufous edgings on the feathers of breast, lower 
abdomen, and under tail-coverts; nape black and white with rufous 
Streaks on sides; tail with very light gray, almost white, interspaces. 
‘ Bill black, pale horny at base; gape yellow; cere orange yellow; feet 
yellow; claws black; irides dark brown. Length, 214 inches. Exces- 
sively fat.” 

ce. Male adult, December 22, 1895. Somewhat like Jb, but much 
lighter below, with buffy streaks on throat and breast; light interspaces 
of central rectrices dirty gray. ‘Bill black, base horny blue; cere yel- 
lowish green; feet yellow; claws black; irides brown. Length, 22 
inches; weight 32 ounces. Stomach contained frogs.” Very fat. 

d. Male adult, December 23, 1895. Very dark above and below, like 
a, but abdomen relieved by a few whitish spots on the sides of the 
feathers; some whitish mottlings on back and scapulars; a little more 
rufous on head and nape, some also on throat and breast;: light inter- 
spaces on tail feathers paler and grayer; tail with a broad blackish 
subterminal band. ‘Bill black at tip, base horny blue; cere greenish 
yellow; gape and feet yellow; claws black; irides dark brown. Length, 
22 inches.” : 

e. Male adult, December 27, 1895. Much like c, but rufous on throat 
and breast decidedly darker; more of rufous on crown and a wash of 
the same color on upper tail-coverts; gray interspaces of tail light, and 
the black bars broken. ‘‘ Bill black, its base horny blue; feet yellow; 
claws black; cere horny yellow; irides dark brown. Length, 21 inches; 
weight, 34 ounces.” 

f. Female adult, December 3, 1895. Throat, breast and nape rufous, 
the throat variously mottled; feathers of thighs, abdomen and lower 
breast with large whitish spots on each side of shafts; upper tail- 
coverts blackish, with two to three rows of whitish gray bars; tail dirty 
gray, with transverse markings of black. ‘“ Bill horny black, horny 
blue beneath; cere yellowish green; feet dull yellow; claws black; 
irides hair brown. Length, 232 inches: weight. 2? pounds. Excess- 
ively fat.” 


No. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASTA—OBERHOLSER. 215 


g. Female adult, December 19, 1895. Almost like /, but having con- 
siderable rufous mixed with the gray of the tail, and the interrupted 
bars on upper tail-coverts pale rufous instead of grayish white. “Bill 
black, base horny blue; gape yellow; cere horny yellow; irides dark 
brown. Stomach contained frogs. Length. 2345 inches.” 

h. Female adult, December 19, 1895. Very dark, like b, but with less 
rufous on lower parts; under tail-coverts broadiy tipped with ochra- 
ceous; tail much darker gray on light interspaces, with here and there 
some tinge of rufous. ‘ Bill black, base horny blue; gape yellow; cere 
horny yellow; irides dark brown. Length, 234 inches. Stomach con- 
tained remains of frogs.” 

a. Female adult, December 19, 1895. Similar to b, but lighter rufous 
on throat, breast, and abdomen, mottled by lighter tips to the feathers; 
tail with a rufous tinge in places, the dark bars on central feathers 
almost V-shaped. ‘Bill black, the base horny blue; feet yellow; claws 
black. Length, 23 inches. Stomach contained frogs.” 

j. Female adult, December 24, 1895. Resembling c, but with more 
rufous in the markings of the throat, breast, head, and nape; light 
interspaces of tail paler and more grayish, with a considerable admix- 
ture of rufous, the blackish bars much broken, the subterminal bar nar- 
row, the light terminal one very broad. ‘Bill black, the base horny 
blue; feet yellow; claws black; irides dark brown. Length, 24 inches, 
weight, 24 pounds.” 

k. Female adult, December 25, 1895. Almost like j, but with fewer 
spots on abdomen; dark tail bars not broken, and terminal light bar not 
very broad. ‘Bill black, the base horny greenish; cere dull horny 
green; feet yellow; claws black; irides dark brown. Length, 24 inches; 
weight, 3 pounds.” 

l. Male immature, December 3, 1895. Throat and breast mingled 
rufous and buff, but darker than in f/; abdomen and thighs with light 
Spots; nape mixed dark brown and buff; tail gray and rufous, with the 
black bars, excepting the subterminal one, much broken or obsolete, the 
two central feathers with blackish streaks on sides of shafts and broken 
crossbars on their outer borders. ‘Bill black, horny blue at base; gape 
yellow; cere greenish; feet yellow; claws black; irides hair brown. 
Length, 214 inches; weight, 2 pounds.” 

m. Male immature, Sind Valley, Cashmere, at 6,000 feet, December 
12,1895. Light below, but with a motted band of dark rufous across 
the middle of under surface, the brown and rufous markings darker and 
heavier than in 0; thighs very deeply colored, the feathers with rufous 
margins; inferior tail-coverts buffy, with some rufous markings; cen- 
ter of nape with a patch of black, encircled by buff-bordered brown 
feathers; rump, black and upper tail-coverts blackish, the two last with 
light rufous tips to the feathers; scapulars dark, with buffy and rufous 
edgings; tail with some rufous touches on all the feathers, the dark 
bars wavy and irregular. ‘Bill black, horny blue at base; cere yel- 


216 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


lowish green; gape yellow; feet yellow; claws black; irides dark 
brown. Length, 213 inches.” 

n. Male immature, December 25, 1895. Almost exactly like p, but 
forehead very dark; under tail-coverts nearly all rufous; gray of tail 
replaced wholly by rufous; black tail bars very much broken, and to 
some extent obsolete, the subterminal black bar narrow. “Bill black, 
bluish horny at base; cere dull horny green; feet yellow; claws black; 
irides dark brown. Length, 202 inches; weight, 34 ounces. Crop full 
of frogs.” 

o. Female immature December 8, 1895. Very pale buff below, with 
hair-like shaft lines on throat, wider streaks on breast, and still broader 
markings of brown on sides of abdomen; much reddish brown on 
thighs; under tail-coverts buffy white; upper parts light sandy brown, 
the feathers with dark centers and yet darker shaft lines; superior tail- 
coverts with a slight tinge of rufous; tail dusky gray, with lighter 
interspaces and no broad subterminal dark bar. “ Bill black, blue at 
base; cere and gape pale yellowish green; feet yellow; claws black; 
irides pale straw color. Length, 23%inches. Stomach contained remains 
of a large rat (Neosocia bengalensis).” 

p. Female immature, December 18, 1895. Under parts with a strong 
wash of rusty; throat and breast with narrow streaks of dark brown, 
and larger markings on abdomen; thighs and sides of body very dark 
brown, the feathers bordered with rufous; nape with a black and 
rusty spot; back and head deep brown, most of the feathers with broad 
margins and tips of buffy, though some with rufous edgings; upper 
tail-coverts dark brown, the feathers with ochraceous tips; tail with 
a considerable rufous wash, the dark bars nearly obliterated on the 
central and on some of the lateral rectrices. ‘ Bill black, base horny 
blue; cere greenish; feet yellow; claws black; irides brown. Length, 
24 inches. Stomach contained remains of mice.” 

q. Female immature, December 22, 1895. Very light below, like a, 
but brown spots on abdomen heavier and more numerous; tail much 
lighter, with its dark bars narrower and with no broad subterminal 
bar. ‘ Bill black, base horny blue; cere pale yellowish green; gape 
dull yellow; feet yellow; claws black; irides grayish white. Length, 
24 inches; weight, 34 ounces. Stomach contained remains of frogs 
and mice.” 

ry. Female immature, December 24, 1895. Rufescent below, as in p, 
but streaks on throat broader; breast and abdomen with conspicuous 
dark spots; thighs very dark; top of head deep brown, but nape light; 
upper tail-coverts with broad rufous tips, as in p; light interspaces on 
tail grayish white with very little rufous, the dark bars almost 
V-shaped. ‘ Bill black, base horny blue; cere dull horny green; feet 
yellow; claws black; irides pale mottled brown. Length, 26 inches; 
weight, 3 pounds. Stomach contained a mouse.” 

The changes of plumage in this species are not a little puzzling. 


No. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASTA—OBERHOLSER. Dalek 


There seem to be, however, four principal phases: One in which the 
lower parts are very light colored, with little or no rufous, and with 
comparatively inconspicuous streaking; another, in which the under 
surface has more rufous, is much streaked anteriorly and barred or 
mottled posteriorly; a third, in which the entire lower surface is almost 
without obvious streakings, being rufous on throat and breast and dull 
brown on the hinder portions; and a fourth, in which the whole plumage 
above and below is almost uniform sooty brown. Connecting these sev- 
eral places there exists an almost unbroken series of intermediates. 
Doctor Sharpe considers that the last-mentioned condition is the very 
old bird,! and that each individual is very light when young, gradually 
darkening with advancing years. The present series of specimens 
offers much to corroborate this theory, and very little, if indeed any- 
thing, tooppose. The birds in the first of the above-mentioned phases, 
are without any doubt very young, and those of the last two are just 
as unquestionably adults. Those uf the second phase are not so satis- 
factorily determinable, but they seem to be in a transition state, although 
how many years are required to assume this plumage must still, of 
course, be a matter of conjecture. Were any of the darkest specimens 
young birds they would easily establish a case of dimorphism very 
similar to that of the American Buteo swainsoni, to which, in its various 
phases of plumage, the present species bears no slight resemblance. 
Without such examples, however, it seems premature to advance this 
hypothesis as more than a suggestion, and in the light of our present 
knowledge we must regard the various differences of plumage as the 
result of age. Only one individual of this series has a completely red 
tail, though several have a greater or less tinge of rufous. The old 
adults, as also the very young birds, appear not to have a rufous tail; 
so that unless we are in error as to the sequence of plumage, the rufous 
tail belongs, rather curiously, to a transition stage. 

In some conditions of plumage the present species is very difficult 
to distinguish from Buteo desertorum, but the larger size of the former 
will usually serve for identification. 


ACCIPITER NISUS (Linnzus). 


Falco nisus LINN US, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 92. 
Accipiter nisus PALLAS, Zoogr. Rosso-As., I, 1826, p. 370. 

Two examples. One is an adult male from Sind Valley, Cashmere, 
at 6,000 feet altitude, taken December 14, 1895: ‘Iris and feet yellow; 
claws black; bill black, the base horny blue. Length, 134 inches.” The 
other is an immature female from Srinagar, Cashmere, December 30, 
1895: “Tris yellow; bill black, horny blue at base; cere yellowish green; 
feet yellow with a tinge of green on tarsus; claws black. Length, 153 
inches. Stomach contained the remains of small birds. This hawk was 
pursuing a jackdaw when shot.” 


‘Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, p. 177. 


218 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


The male is in fully adult plumage, and the rufous bars on the breast 
are so broad as to be in places confluent. It is darker above than a 
specimen from Egypt, but the present series indicates this difference 
to be individual rather than geographical. 


CIRCUS CYANEUS (Linnzus). 
Falco cyaneus LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 126. 
Circus cyaneus BOIL, Isis, 1822, p. 549. 


One fine adult male of this pretty hawk was secured by Dr. Abbott 
in the Sind Valley, Cashmere, December 11, 1895. “Iris golden yellow; 
bill black, lower mandible horny blue at base; cere yellowish green; 
lees bright yellow; claws black. Length, 183 inches. Stomach and 
crop contained the remains of a thrush.” . 


Family BUBONIDA. 
SYRNIUM ALUCO BIDDULPHI (Scully). 


» Syrnium biddulphi SCULLY, Ibis, 1881, p. 423. 
Syrnium aluco biddulpht RicHMOND, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 456. 


One adult female, from “north of the Vale of Cashmere,” at 7,060 
feet altitude, October 26, 1895. ‘Claws dull black; bill pale waxy 
ereen, the cere slightly darker. Length, 183 inches. Crop contained 
remains of a species of thrush (Jerula) and of some mice.” 


BUBO BUBO TURCOMANUS (Eversmann). 


Strix turcomana EVERSMANN, Add. Pall. Zoogr. Rosso-As., I,-1835, p. 3. 
Bubo bubo turcomanus RICHMOND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 455. 


One adult male from the Valley of Cashmere, December 27, 1895. 
‘Iris golden yellow; bill black; cere dull blackish horny; claws horny 
black. Length, 224 inches; weight, 3$ pounds. Stomach contained 
some mouse hair.” 

Family ALCEDINID Zi. 


ALCEDO ISPIDA Linneus. 
Alcedo ispida LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 115. 

An immature male from the Valley of Cashmere. ‘Bill black; iris 
dark brown; tarsi and soles of feet dull red; upper surface of toes 
brown. Length, 6Z inches.” There seem to be absolutely no characters 
even subspecifically to distinguish Alcedo bengalensis from A. ispida. 


Family PICID 4. 


GECINUS SQUAMATUS (Vigors). 


Picus squamatus ViGorRS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1830, p. 8. 
Gecinus squamatus GRAY, Genera Birds, II, 1846, p. 438. 
Two adult specimens in perfect plumage: one from the Valley of 
Cashmere, the other from The Lolab, Cashmere, at 8,000 feet. ‘‘ Upper 


No. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASIA—OBERHOLSER. 219 


mandible horny brown at base, tip yellow; lower mandible yeilow; feet 
dull olive; iris in two zones, inner zone red, outer pinkish white. 
Length of male. 134 inches; female, 14 inches.” 


Family ALAUDID 2. 
CALANDRELLA ACUTIROSTRIS Hume. 


Calandrella acutirostris HUME, Lahore to Yarkand, 1873, p. 265. 


Two specimens, from Bazgo plain, Ladak, 11,000 feet. “Tris dark 
brown; bill dark horn-brown above, yellowish at base beneath; feet 
brownish fleshy; claws pale horn-brown. Common on this plain, in 
pairs.” These examples are identical with those previously collected 
by Dr. Abbott in Ladak and Tagdumbash Pamir but recorded by Dr. 
Richmond as tibetana.' 

From Calandrella brachydactyla and dukhunensis both acutirostris and 
tibetana may readily be distinguished by the absence of deep buffy 
tinge in the edgings of the exterior webs of the outermost tail-feathers. 
Aside from the shape of the bill, a differential character apparently 
quite unreliable by reason of the great range of individual variation, 
tibetana may be separated from acutirostris by the pattern of the outer 
pair of tail-feathers. In the former species the whole feather is white 
excepting the basal third of the inner web and the extreme base of the 
outer, which are obliquely blackish; in acutirostris the inner web of 
the outer tail-feathers is largely blackish, the white occupying a diago- 
nally terminal area equal to only about a fourth of the inner vane 
and one-half the outer. Dr. Richmond’s inability satisfactorily to dis- 
tinguish from tibetana the specimens he records as acutirostris® is 
explained by the fact that he had no examples of tibetana, those with 
which he made his comparison as such being all acutirostris. 


ALAUDA ARVENSIS LEIOPUS (Hume). 
Alauda leiopus HUME, Stray Feathers, I, November, 1872, p. 40. 


Two breeding males from Shooshot, Indus Valley, Ladak, at 10,000 
feet. Dr. Abbott reports them as “very common in the cultivated 
fields.” These specimens do not differ from those obtained by Dr. 
Abbott in Cashmere. 

Owing to the unfortunate confusion which at present exists among 
the races of Alauda arvensis, any determination must of necessity be 
largely tentative; but so far as our series is indicative, the birds from 
eastern Asia are larger and have more slender bills than those from 
Cashmere and Ladak, the difference being apparently sufficient to war- 
rant subspecific separation. Dr. Richmond used the name Alauda 


'Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, pp. 467, 579. 
2Tdem., p. 579. 


2?) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


arvensis intermedia (Swinhoe)' for this race, considering it not to differ 
from the bird of eastern Asia, but stating that in the event of their sep- 
aration the name guttata of Brooks would be the proper one for the 
Cashmere form, since Alauda leiopus of Hodgson’? is a nomen nudum. 
Mr. Hume, however, in an article on the skylarks of India differenti- 
ates “the Leiopus type from Ladak, Thibet, and the higher Himalayan 
plateau generally ;”* giving a diagnosis, and identifying his bird—which 
he regards as the breeding form of the region mentioned—with leiopus 
of Hodgson. As Hume’s name antedates A. guttata of Brooks, and 
since it is a perfectly tenable one, notwithstanding the unavailability 
of A. letopus Hodgson, the skylark of Cashmere and Ladak should be 
called Alauda arvensis leiopus (Hume). 


OTOCORIS LONGIROSTRIS Moore. 


Otocorys longirostris Moors, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1855, p. 215, pl. cx1 (from the 
Gould manuscript). 

Three breeding birds from Ladak, taken, respectively, at Fotu-la Pass, 
13,000 feet; Debring, Rupshu, 16,000 feet, and Tsokr Chumo Lake. 
Male: “Bill black, leaden beneath at base.” Female: ‘ Feet black, soles 
pale; bill dark horny, pale bluish horny beneath at base.” 


Family ENICURID 2s. 


ENICURUS MACULATUS Vigors. 
Enicurus maculatus ViGORS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1830, p. 9. 


One handsome adult male, from Sind Valley, Cashmere, taken Decem- 
ber 17, 1895, at 6,000 feet altitude. ‘Iris dark brown; feet and claws 
white; bill black; length, 10% inches.” 


Family CRATEROPID AE. 


TROCHALOPTERON VARIEGATUM SIMILE (Hume). 
Trochalopteron simile HUME, Ibis, 1871, p. 408. 


Six specimens, from The Lolab and Lolab Valley, Cashmere, all taken 
at an altitude of 8,000 feet. They are exceedingly uniform in color, 
and present very strongly the subspecific characters of simile, the outer 
portions of the wing-quills and tail-feathers being clear gray with 
scarcely a suggestion of olive. ‘In length they range from 10 to 103 
inches. Iris green; feet pale fleshy brown, or [in some] pale orange- 
brown; bill black.” 


'Proc. Zool Soc. Lond., 1863, p. 89. 
2JTcon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Passeres, pl. 293 (No. 728). 
’Stray Feathers, I, November, 1872, p. 40. 


‘No. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASTA—OBERHOLSER. 291 


Family ACCENTORID A. 
ACCENTOR HIMALAYANUS Blyth. 


Accentor himalayanus BLYTH, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., XI, 1842, p. 187. 
Accentor altaicus BRANDT, Bull. Acad. St. Pétersb., I, 1843, p. 365. 

One young male, from Mya, on the Indus River, Ladak, at 13,000 
feet. 

This bird is in first plumage, though wings and tail are full grown, 
and may be described as follows: Upper surface dull buffy ochraceous, 
rather more ashy on nape, darker on back; everywhere, except on 
upper tail-coverts, mottled with darker, these markings largest on 
back, duller and smaller on head and hind neck; tail fuscous, edged 
externally with chestnut; wings fuscous, with broad margins of chest- 
nut, the wing-coverts tipped with ochraceous; sides of head and neck 
dull brown mixed with ochraceous; a poorly indicated superciliary 
stripe of butty; chin buff, speckled with dusky; throat pale dull buff, 
thickly marked with blackish; breast and jugulum deep ochraceous, 
streaked with blackish; remainder of under surface plain buffy. 
* Length, 64 inches.” 

Though commonly known as Accentor altaicus, there seems to be no 
reason why the earliest name for this bird, Accentor himalayanus Blyth, 
should not be employed, since the original description is clearly perti- 
nent enough to be tenable. 


Family TURDID &. 
SAXICOLA PICATA CAPISTRATA (Gould). 


Saxicola capistrata GOULD, Birds Asia, 1865, Pt. 17. 
Saxicola picata capistrata RICHMOND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1896, p. 480. 
One adult male from Kargil, Ladak, taken June 23, 1897, at 8,000 feet, 
altitude. ‘Bill and feet black.” This bird is in rather worn plumage, 
particularly on the head, but is apparently quite a typical specimen. 
Intergradation with true picata makes necessary the trinomial desig- 
nation here employed. 


SAXICOLA OREOPHILA, new name. 


Saxicola montana GOULD, Birds Asia, 1865, Pt.17 (nec Koch). 


Seven specimens, all from localities in Ladak. Two of the three 
breeding males are from Gya, at 15,000 feet; the other is from Debring, 
Rupshu, at 16,000 feet, and all are in worn condition. An October male 
from Nurla, in the Indus Valley, at 10,000 feet, is in freshly molted 
plumage, and, besides having the black areas obscured by light tips to 
the feathers, is elsewhere on the body strongly tinged with isabella 
color, this particularly evident on the lower back, upper tail-coverts, 


222 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


and under surface. Two of the three breeding females are from Gya, at 
13,000 and 15,000 feet, respectively, and though in every other respect 
typical, have the throat and sides of the neck, not including the chin, 
dull brownish black, somewhat mixed with buffy, instead of the ordi- 
nary dull buffy. The third female is from Tsokr Chumo Lake, at 15,000 
feet altitude; the collector’s note on the label, “bill, feet, and claws 
black,” is applicable to both males and females. 

The name Savicola montana Gould, currently used for this stone chat, 
is preoccupied by Saxicola montana Koch,' which is Monticola saxratilis 
Linnzeus; and as there are no synonyms, the new name above given 
becomes necessary. 


PHGNICURUS ERYTHRONOTUS (Eversmann). 


Sylvia erythronota EVERSMANN, Add. Pallas’ Zoogr. Rosso-As., II, 1841, p. 11. 
Phonicurus erythronotus RICHMOND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1896, p. 482. 


One female in perfect fall plumage, from the Valley of Cashmere. 
“Bill and feet black.” 


PETROPHILA CYANA (Linnzus). 


Turdus cyanus LINN.XUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 296. 


-One adult male, in every respect apparently typical of this form, 
from Saspul, Indus Valley, Ladak, at 10,000 feet. ‘Bill, feet, and 
claws black; inside of mouth yellow.” The specimens recorded by Dr. 
Richmond in his paper on Cashmere birds’? were, by inadvertence, 
entered as Petrophila solitaria. 

The very long wings appear sufficiently to distinguish the genus 
Petrophila from Monticola. 


MOTACILLA ALBOIDES Hodgson. 


Motacilla alboides HODGSON, Asiat. Researches, XIX, 1836, p. 191. 
Motacilla hodysoni HODGSON, in Gray’s Zool. Misc., 1844, p. 83 (from the Blyth 
manuscript). 


Three specimens. ‘Two of these, an adult male and female in breed- 
ing plumage, are from Saspul, Indus Valley, Ladak, at 10,000 feet. 
Dr. Abbott’s notes are: “Iris dark brown; bill and feet black. The 
commonest wagtail hereabouts. In pairs; often on stony hillsides quite 
a distance from water.” The third example is a winter male, with 
white chin, taken in the Valley of Cashmere. ‘ Length, 72 inches.” 

Mr. Hodgson’s Motacilla aiboides has priority over the same author’s 
M., hodgsoni, and as his original description of alboides without doubt 


2 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1896, p. 488. 


No. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASIA—OBERHOLSER. 223 


Family SYLVIID 4. 


PHYLLOPSEUSTES HUMEI (Brooks). 


Reguloides humet BRooks, Stray Feathers, VII, 1878, p. 131. 
Phyllopseustes humii RICHMOND, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 476. 

One specimen from Leh, Ladak, 11,000 feet. ‘‘ Length, 48 inches.” 
This is a fall bird, differing from a similar example from the Thian 
Shan Mountains in being more brownish on the head, rump, and under 
parts, this probably an indication of immaturity. 


PHYLLOPSEUSTES AFFINIS (Tickell). 


Motacilla ofinis (err. typ.) TICKELL, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., IT, 1833, p. 576. 
Phyllopseustes affinis RICHMOND, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X VIL, 1896, p. 475. 
One example, September 11, 1897, from Mya, Indus River, at 12,500 
feet, is probably a bird of the year. The entire body plumage is 
noticably paler than in two breeding birds from Cashmere. 


PHYLLOPSEUSTES TRISTIS (Blyth). 


Phylloscopus tristis BhyTH, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., XII, 1843, p. 966. 
Phyllopseustes tristis MEVES, Journ. fiir Orn., 1875, p. 430. 
Two perfectly typical breeding males; from Nimu, Indus Valley, and 
Shergol, Ladak, respectively, both taken at an altitude of 10,000 feet. 
“Feet brownish black; bill black, fleshy horn brown at base beneath.” 


Family CINCLID. 
CINCLUS ASIATICUS Swainson. 


Cinclus asiaticus Swainson, Faun. Bor.-Amer., IT, 1831, p. 174. 


One example, from the Sind River, Cashmere, taken at 6,000 feet. 
“Length, 83 inches.” Not in any way different from Ladak specimens. 

The name Cinclus asiaticus Swainson, as above cited, is a nomen 
nudum; but as there remains some doubt about the proper designation 
of the species, no change is here made. 


CINCLUS CINCLUS CASHMERIENSIS (Gould). 


Cinclus cashmeriensis GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, p. 474. 
Cinclus cinclus cashmeriensis RICHMOND, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1896, p. 488. 
One specimen, from Gya, Ladak, at 13,000 feet. ‘Front of tarsi and 
top of toes lead color, rest of feet dull black; bill black. Length, 8 
inches.” The head and cervix are of a warmer brown than in winter 
Specimens, and the feathers of the flanks and sides lack entirely the 
whitish edgings of the latter season. 


224 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. 


Family FRINGILLIDA. 
EMBERIZA CIA Linnzus. 


Timberiza cia LiNNALUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p.510. 


Two specimens from Lamayuru, Ladak, taken June 26, 1897, at 12,060 
feet altitude. ‘‘ Bill black, leaden beneath at base; feet pale fleshy 
brown, with a reddish tinge; claws dark horn brown.—Common on the 
bare stony hillsides and about villages up to 13,000 feet; always in pairs 
at this season.” 

These birds are typical cia, not stracheyi, which Dr. Richmond sur- 
mised! to be the breeding form of the region. 


EMBERIZA LEUCOCEPHALA Gmelin. 


Emberiza leucocephalos GMELIN, Nov. Comm. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop., XV, 1771, 
p. 480, pl. xxi, fig. 3. 
A pair of winter birds from the Valley of Cashmere. ‘ Upper man- 
dible dark horny brown, lower mandible horny blue; feet pale fleshy 
brown. Length of male, 74 inches; female, 62 inches.” 


CARPODACUS SEVERTZOVI Sharpe. 


Carpodacus severtzovi SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1886, p. 354. 


Two breeding specimens from Upshi, Valley of the Indus, Ladak, at 
11,000 feet. “Iris brown; bill pale brownish horny above, whitish 
horny beneath; feet in male black, in female dark fleshy brown.” Dr. 
Abbott notes that he found the species “in pairs on the stony hillsides.” 


CARPODACUS ERYTHRINUS (Pallas). 


Loxia erythrina PALLAS, Nov. Comm. Acad. Sci. Imp. Petrop., XIV, Pt. 1, 1770, 
p. 587, pl. xxi, fig. 1. 
Carpodacus erythrinus GRAY, Gen. Birds, II, 1844, p. 384. 

One male from Tashgam, Ladak. “Iris brown; upper mandible 
horny brown, lower mandible dull yellowish horny; feet fleshy brown; 
claws horn brown.” 

From the specimens available it is indicated that the birds of this 
region are entitled to subspecific recognition by reason of their decidedly 
brighter colors; but this material is too - meager to justify a formal 
separation. 

SERINUS PUSILLUS (Pallas). 


Passer pusillus PALLAS, Zoogr. Russo-Asiat., II, 1826, No. xliii, p. 28. 
Serinus pusillus BRANDT, Bull. Sci. Acad. St. Pétersb., I, 1843, p. 366. 


Two examples, from Shooshot and from Shergol, Indus Valley, 
Ladak, respectively, both taken at an altitude of 10,000 feet. ‘Iris 


‘Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 465. 


No. 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASIA—OBERHOLSER. 225 


dark brown; bill brownish black; feet dull blackish. In flocks of 10 
or 12, feeding on ground on bare, stony hillsides.” 

These specimens agree perfectly with other adults, except that the 
bright patch on the forehead is orange instead of scarlet, a condition 
very probably due to the abrasion incident to the breeding season. 


PASSER DOMESTICUS INDICUS (Jardine and Selby). 


Passer indicus JARDINE and SELBY, II]. Orn., III, October, 1831, pl. 118. 
Passer domesticus indicus SEEBOHM, Ibis, 1883, p. 8. 
Two breeding specimens from Fotu-la Pass, Ladak, at an altitude of 
12,000 feet. 


LEUCOSTICTE BRANDTI Bonaparte. 


Leucosticte brandti BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p. 537. 


Three summer specimers from Ladak: two of these are from below 
the Kazuri-la, Ladak, at 16,000 feet, where Dr. Abbott reports the spe- 
cies aS occurring in small flocks on grassy areas; the third individual 
is from Gya, Ladak, at 14,000 feet. ‘Bill and feet black; iris dark 
brown.” 


MONTIFRINGILLA ALTAICA (Eversmann). 


Fringilla altaica EVERSMANN, Bull. Naturforsch. Gesellsch. Moscau, XXI, 1848, 
e219: 
nla sordida STOLICZKA, Journ. As. Soc. Beng., XX XVII, 1868, p. 63. 

One specimen from The Lolab, Cashmere. ‘Feet brownish black; 
iris pale brown.” 

An examination of the original description of Eversmann’s Fringilla 
altaica, which Dr. Sharpe stated! that he was unable to discover, proves 
beyond a doubt what was long ago affirmed by Severtzoff *— the priority 
of the name altaica for the species commonly called Montifringilla sor- 
dida (Stoliczka). Eversmann gives the southern Altai Mountains, 
“ Umgegend des Dorfes Uimon” as the locality; and his diagnosis is as 
follows: ‘ . rostro crasso conico; gastrwo fusco-cinereo, concolore; notco 
fusco-liturato, capite ferruginoso; rectricibus nigricantibus concoloribus. 
tectricibus caude superioribus apice lato albo.” Mention also is made of 
affinity to Leucosticte arctoa and Fringilla montifringilla. 


MONTIFRINGILLA ADAMSI Adams. 
Montifringilla adamsi ADAMS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, p. 482 (from the Moore 
manuscript). 


Three examples from Ladak: Fotu-la Pass, 12,000 feet; Upshi, Indus 
Valley, 11,000 feet; and Phyang, Indus Valley, 11,000 feet. ‘Iris yel- 
lowish brown; bill, feet, and claws black.” 


1Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XII, 1888, p. 266 (footnote). 
2Stray Feathers, I1I, 1875, p. 424: Ibis, 1883, p. 60. 
Proc. N. M, vol. xxii 15 


JAG PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


LINARIA BREVIROSTRIS PYGMEA (Stoliczka). 


Linota pygmea STOLICZKA, Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, XX XVII, Pt. 2, 1868, p. 62. 


Five summer birds from Gya, Ladak, at from 13,000 to 14,000 feet. 
According to Dr. Abbott’s notes the color of the feet ranges from 
‘dark fleshy brown” to black; and the bill is variously “ pale brown- 
ish fleshy,” ‘dull leaden,” or ‘“‘horny white,” always “ dark brown at 
tip.” “Length, male, 53 inches.” With regard to their habits he states: 
“In small flocks about the patches of cultivation and picking among 
the horse.droppings in the road.” 

These five specimens are exceedingly interesting, since they estab- 
lish beyond a doubt the validity of Linota pygmca Stoliczka, a form 
which has heretofore always been synonymized with JL. brevirostris.. 
Even casual comparison is sufficient to show that the two are at least 
subspecifically distinct. The original specimens of pygmea came from 
Chini and Padam, so that this form seems to be confined chiefly to 
Ladak; L. brevirostris apparently occupying the region extending from 
Asia Minor to Turkestan. The original wing measurement is smaller 
than that of the present examples, but, excepting this and a few other 
unimportant discrepancies, the original description of Linota pygmcea is 
perfectly applicable. 

From Turkestan and Tagdumbash Pamir specimens, which are 
assumed to be nearly or quite typical brevirostris, pygmea differs in 
being much darker, more fulvous throughout, this being most evident 
on jugulum, breast, and back. One individual is rather paler than the 
others, thus in a measure verging toward brevirostris and indicating 
its subspecific relationship, but is without difficulty distinguishable. 

The proper generic name for the linnets is apparently Linaria Bech- | 
stein,! this being almost thirty years prior to to Linota Bonaparte? which 
has been in frequent use for the group. Dr. Sclater, after showing 
Linaria to be the earliest name,* rejects it on account of previous 
employment in botany,* a course not in accord with current usage. 


CALLACANTHIS BURTONI (Gould). 


Carduelis burtont GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1837, p. 90. 
Callacanthis burtont BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p. 507. 


One adult male, December 16, 1895, from Sind Valley, Cashmere, at 
6,000 feet, differs from breeding males in the duller, more rosaceous 
tinge of the lower surface. ‘Bill horny yellow, brown at tip; feet 
pale brownish flesh color. Length, 74 inches.” 


1Ornith. Taschenb., I, 1802, p. 121. 
2Saggio Distr. Met. Anim., 1831, p. 141. 
3 This, 1892, pp. 555 et seq. 

4Tdem., p. 557. 


No, 1195. BIRDS FROM CENTRAL ASITA—OBERHOLSER. MAT 


PERISSOSPIZA'! ICTERIOIDES (Vigors). 


Coccothraustes icterioides ViGORS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1830, p. 8. 
Pycnorhamphus icteroides HUME, Nests and Eggs Indian Birds, 1874, p. 469. 

One adult male in perfect plumage, from Sind Valley, Cashmere, at 
6,000 feet. ‘Iris hair brown; feet fleshy pink; claws horny brown; 
bill green, slightly yellowish. Length, 9 inches.” 

The generic term Pycnorhamphus Hume,’ commonly applied to this 
and two allied species, is preoccupied by Picnoramphus Rosenberg,* a 
synomym of Sphecothera Vieillot, the difference in the spelling of the 
two names being simply one of transliteration. Since for Pycnorham- 
phus there is no other name available, it may be called as above—Peris- 
sospiza, from zepiooos, mirabilis, and ozita, fringilla. The remaining 
species of this genus will consequently stand as Perissospiza affinis 
(Blyth) and Perissospiza carneipes (Hodgson). 


Family HIRUNDINIDA. 


PTYONOPROGNE RUPESTRIS (Scopoli). 


Hirundo rupestris Scopout, Ann. I. Hist. Nat., 1769, p. 167. 
Ptyonoprogne rupestris REICHENBACH, Syst. Av., 1850, pl. LXXxviil, fig. 6. 

One specimen, June 29, 1897, from Spittak, Indus Valley, Ladak, at 
10,000 feet. ‘‘Feet pale brownish fleshy; iris blackish brown; claws 
horn brown; bill dull black.” With a fair series of both Asiatic and 
European specimens at hand, no difference worthy of subspecific recog- 
nition is apparent. 

The generic term Biblis,’ commonly applied to the crag martins when 
they are distinguished from Riparia (=Cotile), is ineligible for use in 
this connection, being preoccupied in Lepidoptera by Biblis Fabricius.® 
The next available name is Ptyonoprogne Reichenbach,’ which should 
therefore stand as the proper designation of the group. 


DELICHON CASHMERIENSIS (Gould). 
Chelidon cashmeriensis GOULD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, p. 356. 


Two specimens, taken July 4, 1897, at Upshi, Indus Valley, Ladak, 
11,000 feet. ‘Iris dark brown; claws horn brown; bill black.” Dr. 
Abbott notes that one of these examples belonged to a large colony 
which was nesting in a bluff of conglomerate on the banks of the Indus. 

As Dr. Reichenow has already demonstrated,’ the generic term Cheli- 


!New name for Pycnorhamphus. 

2Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds, 1874, p. 469. 

3 Batavia Natur. Tijdschr. Neder]. Ind., X XIX, 1866, p. 143. 
4Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., XXXII, 1819, p. 5. 

5 Lesson, Compl. Buff., VIII, 1837, p. 495. 

6 Tlliger’s Mag., VII, 1807, p. 281. 

7 Syst. Av., 1850, pl. Lxxxvui, fig. 6. 

8 Journ. f. Orn., 1889, p. 187. 


228 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


don,' commonly employed for this and allied species, is clearly untena- 
ble, being preoccupied by Chelidon Forster,? which is a synonym of 
Hirundo Linneus. Delichon Moore® was proposed for the bird now 
known as Chelidon nipalensis, but as this species appears to be not 
generically distinct from C. urbica and its allies, the generic name 
Delichon must be used for all. The only alternative is to restrict Deli- 
chon to nepalensis and use Chelidonaria Reichenow* for the wurbica 
group.” 


Family PARIDA4. 
ZEGITHALISCUS NIVEOGULARIS (Moore). 


Orites (2?) niveogularis Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1854, p. 140 (from the 
Gould manuscript). 
Aigithaliscus niveogularis JERDON, Birds Ind., II, 1863, p. 272. 


Four specimens of this handsome species, from the Sind Valley, Cash- 
mere, at 6,000 feet. ‘Length, from 44 to 43 inches,” the female being 
slightly smaller. ‘Iris dark brown; feet orange brown; bill black.” 


Family STURNID 2. 


STURNUS VULGARIS MENZBIERI (Sharpe). 


Sturnus menzbieri SHARPE, Ibis, 1888, p. 438. 
Sturnus vulgaris menzbiert RICHMOND, Proce. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 573. 


Two specimens from the Valley of Cashmere. ‘Iris blackish brown; 
feet dark purplish brown; bill black. Length of male, 9 inches; of 
female, 83 inches.” This is apparently an easily distinguishable race. 


Family CORVIDA. 


TRYPANOCORAX FRUGILEGUS (Linnzus). 
Corvus frugilegus LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 105. 
Trypanocorax frugilegus LocuE, Explor. Sci. Algér., Ois., I, 1858, p. 118. 
Two adult males from the Valley of Cashmere, taken respectively on 
December 24 and 27, 1895. 


CORVUS CORAX Linnzus. 


Corvus corax LINNEUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 105. 


One male, from the Hanlé River, Rupshu, Ladak, at 15,000 feet. 
‘‘Leneth, 264 inches.” 


1 Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 550. 

2 Synop. Cat. Brit. Birds, 1817, p. 17. 

3 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1854, p. 104. 

4 Journ. f. Orn., 1889, p. 187. 

5 Reichenow, Ornith. Monatsb., 1899, p. 81. 


NOTES ON SOME BIRDS FROM SANTA BARBARA ISLANDS, 
CALIFORNIA. 


By HARRY C. OBERHOLSER, 


Assistant Biologist, Department of Agriculture. 


During the spring and summer of 1892, Mr. Clark P. Streator, under 
the auspices of the Biological Survey of the Department of Agricul- 
ture, made a small collection of birds upon the Santa Barbara Islands, 
California. Of these specimens, which are now in the United States 
National Museum as part of the Biological Survey collection, the 
writer has been able, through the kindness of Dr. C. Hart Merriam, 
to prepare the subjoined list. The new forms obtained by Mr. Streator 
have already been described; so it remains only to record the species 
collected, with the addition of various critical notes upon those of 
special interest. 

The islands visited by Mr. Streator, with inclusive dates of his col- 
lecting, are as follows: 

Santa Catalina Island, April 9 to 29. 

San Miguel Island, June 24 to 29. 

Santa Rosa Island, July 1 to 3. 

Santa Cruz Island, July 9 to 20. 


PUFFINUS GRISEUS (Gmelin). 


A single specimen, taken July 3, in the Santa Barbara Channel, is 
in the collection. 


LOPHORTYX CALIFORNICUS VALLICOLA (Ridgway). 


One male and one female from Santa Catalina Island. They seem 
rather darker and more ochraceous than extreme examples of vallicola, 
but are identical with birds from the San Joaquin Valley. The species 
has probably been introduced from the mainland. 


COLAPTES CAFER (Gmelin). 


An immature specimen from Santa Cruz Island apparently does not 
differ from birds of the adjacent mainland, though the material at hand 
for comparison is not entirely satisfactory. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1196. 
229 


230 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


——-— er 


SIBILANSIE IS IQS OS ALLENI Henshaw. 


Two adult males in perfect plumage, from Santa Catalina Island are 
identical with Nicasio birds. 


SAYORNIS NIGRICANS (Swainson). 


Three birds from Santa Cruz Island are all immature, with rufous 
edgings to the feathers of lower back, under wing-coverts and all the 
upper series; the innermost secondaries are also margined with a paler 
shade of the same. Two adults taken on Santa THOSE Island add the 
species to the fauna of this island. 


EMPIDONAX INSULICOLA Oberholser. 


Five specimens; from Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and Santa Catalina 
islands; all mentioned in the original description of the species.! Since 

that was published, the writer, through the courtesy of Mr. Joseph 
_ Grinnell, has examined specimens from San Clemente Island, which are 
substantially identical with those from the other islands. 


OTOCORIS ALPESTRIS INSULARIS Townsend. 


Twelve examples from San Miguel Island and one from Santa Rosa 
are all in more or less worn plumage, but even in this condition exhibit 
the distinctive characteristics of this insular race. 


APHELOCOMA INSULARIS Henshaw. 


A fine series of twelve adults and five immature specimens serves 
very strongly to emphasize the distinctness of this species from both 
of its mainland relatives. Not only areits characters very pronounced, 
but among perfectly comparable examples there is relatively little 
individual difference either in size or color. Many of the adults are 
strongly tinged with brownish below, but this is undoubtedly an 
adventitious stain, as it is absent on feathers of the fresh plumage. 
All the adults are in process of molt and exhibit almost every stage 
of feather renewal. The immature birds are all in “ first” plumage, 
just beginning to change into perfect dress, and differ little from each 
other. The plumage of the young, which seems never to have been 
described, is as follows: 

Above chocolate brown, shading into dull dark blue on crown and 
upper tail-coverts, the transition on latter rather abrupt; wings and 
tail as in the adult; sides of head and neck blackish brown; a short 
' whitish line over each eye, the only indication of a superciliary; chin, 
throat, and center of jugulum brownish white, the sides of jugulum 
and an almost complete collar on breast dull blackish brown; remainder 
of breast and abdomen smoke gray; crissum dark slate gray; thighs 
light brown. 


1 Auk, XIV, 1897, p. 300. 


no.1196. BIRDS FROM SANTA BARBARA ISLANDS—OBERHOLSER. 231 


CORVUS CORAX SINUATUS (Wagler). 


One individual from Santa Catalina Island appears to be indistin- 
guishable from typical specimens. 


STURNELLA NEGLECTA Audubon. 


Two specimens from San Miguel Island, one of them a female in the 
spotted and mottled plumage of the young. The other, an adult male in 
rather worn condition, seems not to differ from neglecta of the mainland. 

It seems remarkable that anyone who has ever heard the striking 
vocal performances of the western meadowlark should consider it a 
subspecies of the eastern bird. And when there is taken into account 
the fact that over a large area the breeding ranges of the two overlap, 
the birds there remaining as distinct as elsewhere, and that the sup- 
posed intermediate specimens ultimately resolve themselves into sea- 
sonal or some other equally nonpertinent variation, the rational course 
would appear to be the recognition of Sturnella neglecta as a full species. 


CARPODACUS MEXICANUS CLEMENTIS (Mearns). 


Fourteen specimens, from Santa Catalina, San Miguel, and Santa 
Cruz islands, are referable to this new race. The males differ much 
among themselves in the shade of the red on throat and breast, as well 
as in the extent and intensity of the red suffusion on the anterior upper 
surface, in some individuals this color being confined almost entirely to 
the crown. There is also a considerable range of variation in dimen- 
sions, inclusive of the bill, size being but an average subspecific dis- 
eae The specimens examined are darker above than obscurus 

= frontalis),' a SINE OEE not mentioned by Dr. Mearns in his original 
ae 2 

Birds in the juvenal eannace. are much more ochraceous, particularly 
above, than adult females, and seem to be rather darker than the young 
of obscurus. This plumage of clementis appears not to have been 
described, and the following is therefore added, from a male shot on 
Santa Ona Island, July 18: 

Above dull brown, rather darker on the back, all the feathers with 
ochraceous margins, these imparting a somewhat streaked appearance; 
rump and upper tail-coverts almost plain deep ochraceous; wings and 
tail fuscous, edged with buffy, the wing-coverts and innermost second- 
aries margined with ochraceous; lores and subocular region buffy 
whitish; sides of head and neck ochraceous, streaked with dull brown; 
under surface dull white, washed with ochraceous and everywhere 
streaked with dull brown; crissum buffy ochraceous, with narrow shaft 
markings of brown. 


1 See Oberholser, Auk, XVI, 1899, p. 186. 
2 Auk, XV, 1898, p. 259. 


9392 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


ZONOTRICHIA LEUCOPHRYS GAMBELI (Nuttall). 


A paie of adults from Santa Catalina Island. This is the race for- 
merly known as intermedia." 


SPIZELLA SOCIALIS ARIZONZ® Coues. 


Three specimens. Two of these are adults from Santa Catalina 
Island, and are in color and in most of their measurements apparently 
like the mainland form. The wings are, however, somewhat shorter, 
but the difference seems too slight to warrant the separation of the 
island bird. The third specimen, which is in the spotted plumage of 
the young, is from Santa Rosa, and appears to be the first record of the 
species for this island. 


MELOSPIZA MELODIA CLEMENT (Townsend). 


Kighteen specimens, including both adults and young, from the 


islands of San Miguel and Santa Rosa. The adults are in worn pluin-— 


age, but agree with examples from San Clemente Island, the type 
locality of this race. The young exbibit much more individual varia- 
tion than the adults, but on the whole present quite as good characters 
for subspecific distinction. This juvenal stage, as is usual among the 
song sparrows, is quite different in appearance from the adult, and may 
be described as follows: 

Above brownish gray, somewhat rufescent on the rump, the feathers 
with deep brown or blackish centers, these broadest on back, where 
they are margined conspicuously with pale grayish; head with no 
evident median stripe; wings and tail about as in the adult; sides of 
head and neck dull buffy white, considerably mixed with brown; 
lower parts dull buffy white; jugulum, sides of throat and body, with 
short streaks of brownish gray, less evident on the last. 

The species appears not to have been previously recorded from San 
Miguel Island. 


MELOSPIZA LINCOLNII (Audubon). 


A single adult female from Santa Catalina Island. The upper sur- 
face is rather more than usually tinged with ochraceous, as are also 
the posterior lower parts, thus almost obliterating the definition of the 
pectoral band. 


PASSERELLA ILIACA INSULARIS Ridgway. 
One adult from Santa Cataiina Island. 
PASSERELLA ILIACA MEGARHYNCHA (Baird). 


Three typical examples from Santa Catalina Island. 


peneesee —< 


1 For change of name, see Ridgway, Auk, XVI, 1899, p. 36. 


no.1196. BIRDS FROM SANTA BARBARA ISLANDS—OBERHOLSER. 233 


PASSERELLA ILIACA STEPHENSI Anthony. 


Although not recorded from any of the islands of the Santa Barbara 
group, three specimens from Santa Catalina Island are undoubtedly 
referable to this race, being of course migrants from the mainland, as 
all the other forms of Passerella seem to be. Two of these individuals 
are quite typical, the other verging somewhat toward megarhyncha. 
All have a considerable tinge of brown over the entire upper surface. 


PIPILO MACULATUS CLEMENT 4 (Grinnell). 


Three examples from Santa Cruz Island, with one from Santa Rosa, 
are in color like clementce, but differ in their somewhat smaller size. A 
single bird in juvenal plumage is very little different from the similar 
stage of megalonyx. Seven adults from Santa Catalina Island are 
intermediate between clemente and the mainland coast form (P. m. 
atratus) recently described by Mr. Ridgway, but seem to be nearer the 
former. 


LANIUS LUDOVICIANUS ANTHONYI Mearns. 


A single specimen in juvenal plumage is darker above than even 
ludovicianus of similar age. 


HELMINTHOPHILA CELATA SORDIDA Townsend. 


Hight males and two females were collected, all on Santa Catalina 
Island. This fine series bears out the characters assigned by Mr. 
Townsend, but shows also that these differences are not entirely con- 
stant. The olivaceous wash on the flanks is one of the best distine- 
tions. 


MIMUS POLYGLOTTOS (Linnzus). 


Three exainples from Santa Catalina Island show considerable indi- 
vidual variation in the shade of the upper surface, but appear to be 
absolutely indistinguishable from birds of the extreme eastern United 
States. They are quite brownish both above and below, but this is 
evidently due to wear or stain, perhaps to both. 


SALPINCTES OBSOLETUS (Say). 


The single specimen is from San Miguel Island and is not satisfac- 
torily distinguishable from mainland specimens. 


THRYOMANES BEWICKII CHARIENTURUS Oberholser. 


Five examples from Santa Catalina Island. The slight and very 
inconstant differences presented by the birds from this island as com- 
pared with typical charienturus have been already fully set forth in a 
previous paper,' and therefore need not be repeated here. 


1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 436. 


234 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXL. 


THRYOMANES BEWICKII NESOPHILUS Oberholser 


Ten specimens, from Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa islands. Al! tnese 
were recorded in the writer’s recent paper on the genus.' Since the 
appearance of that article additional material from Santa Cruz Island 
has been examined, substantiating former conclusions with regard to 
the validity of this form. It is certainly different enough from both 
charienturus and drymecus to warrant recognition as a subspecies. 
Two young birds from Santa Rosa are somewhat paler above than the 
young from Santa Cruz Island. 


HYLOCICHLA AONALASCHK (Gmelin). 


One perfectly typical female from Santa Catalina Island. 


1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, p. 448. 


CATALOGUE OF A COLLECTION OF BIRDS FROM MADA- 
GASCAR. 


By HARRY C. OBERHOLSER, 
Assistant Biologist, Department of Agriculture. 


During a period of some eighteen months, extending from July, 1894, 
to February, 1896, the Rev. James Wills formed a small collection of 
birds in Madagascar. He worked chiefly in Imerina, in the east central 
part of that island, most of the specimens coming from the various 
forests in the more or less immediate vicinity of that locality. These 
birds, numbering 110 and referable to 57 species, were eventually 
purchased by the United States National Museum. In the list which 
follows, the presence of the rare Lophotibis cristata and the little known 
Ardeola xanthopoda seems worthy of note. Pertinent remarks on the 
colors of the soft parts, which, whenever available, are added from the 
labels of the specimens, will be found between quotation marks 


Family COLYMBID 2. 


COLYMBUS PELZELNII (Hartlaub). 
Podiceps velzelniti HARTLAUB, Faun. Madagasc., 1861, p. 83. 


One adult, apparently in breeding plumage, from East Imerina, 
December, 1894. 

The specimen collected by Dr. Abbott on the River Mangoro, Mada- 
gascar, and recorded by Dr. Richmond! as Colymbus pelzelnii, proves 
to be not this species at all, but Colymbus capensis (Lichtenstein 


Family SCOLOPACID A. 


ACTITIS HYPOLEUCA (Linnzus). 


Tringa hypoleucos LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 149. 
Actitis hypoleucos ILLIGER, Prodr., 1811, p. 262. 
One apparently immature bird from East Imerina, taken in Feb- 
ruary, 1896. 


'Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897, p. 677. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1197. 
235 


7 
es 


236 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


Family RALLID&. 
GALLINULA CHLOROPUS PYRRHORRHOA (Newton). 


Gallinula pyrrhorrhoa A. NEWTON, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861, p. 19. 
Gallinula chloropus pyrrhorrhoa SIBREF, Ibis, 1892, p. 114. 

One specimen, April, 1895, from ‘‘ between the two forests,” East 
Madagascar. 

The ochraceous crissum seems to warrant at least the subspecific 
separation of the Madagascan form of Gallinula chloropus, although the 
occasional presence of this character in the typical bird indicates the 
inadvisability of according pyrrhorrhoa specific rank. 


Family ANATID i. 
NETTION PUNCTATUM (Burchell). 


Anas punctata BURCHELL, Travels S. Africa, I, 1822, p. 283 (note). 
Nettion punctatum SALVADORI, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VII, 1895, p. 265. 

Two specimens, seemingly male and female, though unsexed. The 
supposed female is of generally duller plumage than the male; the spots 
on neck, throat, jugulum, breast, flanks, and sides are larger and less 
sharply defined; the sides, together with the upper and lower tail 
coverts, lack almost entirely the wavy cross lines; and the inner sec- 
ondaries are only very slightly glossed with greenish. _ 


SAROTHRURA INSULARIS (Sharpe). 


Corethrura insularis SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 400. 
Sarothrura insularis STONE, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1894, p. 148. 
Two examples from Kast Imerina. One is apparently an immature 
male, differing from the adult of the same sex in the presence of much 
brownish olivaceous admixture on the posterior portion of the lower 


surface. 
DRYOLIMNAS CUVIERI (Pucheran). 


Rallus cuvieri PUCHERAN, Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1845, p. 279. 
Dryolimnas cuvieri SHARPE, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, I, January, 1893, p. xxviii. 
One male, apparently adult, from the Mampidongy Forest, East 
Imerina, February, 1896. “Native name, Tsikia. Iris reddish brown.” 


Family IBIDID 4. 
LOPHOTIBIS CRISTATA (Boddaert). 


Tantalus cristatus BODDAERT, Tabl. Pl. Enlum., 1783, p. 51. 
Lophotibis cristatus BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., II, 1855, p. 154. 

Two examples from the East Imerina Forest. One of these is an 
immature bird, differing from the adult in rufous edgings to the wing- 
coverts, and in the paler color of all the chestnut areas. The following 
data refer to the adult: “Iris reddish; skin around eye bright red; 
beak greenish; feet dark red.” 


No. 1197. BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—OBERHOLSER. Dore 


Family PLATALEID 4. 


PLATALEA ALBA Scopoli. 
Platalea alba Scopout, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., II, 1786, p. 92. 


One adult from “between the two forests,” East Madagascar. 


Family ARDEID A. 
ARDETTA PODICEPS (Bonaparte). 


Ardeola podiceps BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, II, 1855, p. 134. 
Ardetta podiceps GURNEY, Ibis, 1863, p. 330. 

One specimen from “between the two forests,” East Madagascar, 
taken in September, 1895. It is apparently an immature male, for the 
lower parts are rufous, sparsely streaked with dark brown, the wings 
and scapulars much mixed with rufous and chestnut. 


ARDEOLA XANTHOPODA (Hartlaub). 


Ardea xanthopoda HARTLAUB, Journ. f. Orn., 1860, p. 166 (from the Pelzeln man- 
uscript). 

One adult specimen in breeding plumage, from ‘between the two 
forests,” East Madagascar, taken in September, 1894. 

Whether or not the present individual is identical with that men- 
tioned by Dr. Sharpe! as being different from Ardeola ide, but proba- 
bly the same as Garzetta garzetta, it is certainly not true Ardeola ide, 
nor can it by any means be referred to Garzetta garzetta, but it agrees 
perfectly with Hartlaub’s original description of Ardea xanthopoda.? 
It differs from Ardeola ide, with which it has heretofore generally been 
confounded, chiefly in being almost pure white; from Garzetta garzetta 
it may be distinguished by the following characters, several of which, 
it will be noticed, may be regarded as generic: Bill shorter and pro- 
portionately stouter, the black tip sharply defined from the light base; 
whole foot very much shorter, and yellowish, not black; plumes of 
breast entirely decomposed, not lanceolate; head and hind neck 
strongly suffused with ochraceous, not pure white. It is therefore 
evident that Dr. Sharpe has insufficient grounds for synonymizing 
Ardea xanthopoda with Garzetta garzetta,? Captain Shelley being con- 
sequently right in his opinion of its distinctness.* 

A description of this specimen is as follows: Entirely pure white, the 
head and cervix washed with ochraceous, this deepest on the forehead, 
gradually disappearing posteriorly; two of the innermost secondaries 
dull brown, their broad shaft stripes pale yellowish; a few black 
streaks on the sides of the occiput; ornamental plumes of wholly decom- 


1Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XX VI, 1898, p. 207. 
2Tdem., p. 207. 

3Idem., p. 272. 

4 List Birds Africa, I, 1896, p. 157. 


238 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


posed feathers adorn the fore and hind neck and the back, most con- 
spicuously developed on the last; feet in skin dull yellowish; bill at 
tip black, sharply and almost vertically defined from the brownish base > 
of maxilla and the yellowish base of mandible. 
Length of wing, 250 mm.; tail, 94 mm.; exposed culmen, 61 mm.; 
tarsus, 58 mm.; middle toe and claw, 59 mm. 
BUTORIDES ATRICAPILLUS (Afzelius). 
Ardea atricapilla AFZELIUS, Vet. Acad. Handl., XXV, 1804, p. 264. 
Butorides atricapilla BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, II, 1855, p. 129. 


One adult from ‘between the two forests,” Hast Madagascar. 
Family ANHINGID A. 


ANHINGA RUFA (Lacépéde and Daudin). 


Plotus rufus LACEPEDE and DAUDIN, in Buffon’s Hist. Nat. Quadr., XIV, 1799, p. 
319; Ois., XVII, p. 81. 


One specimen, evidently an immature female, from ‘‘between the two 
forests,” East Madagascar, taken in February, 1895. The under parts 
of this individual vary from deep ochraceous to dull dark brown, but 
are without black. The white band below the eye is wanting; the light 
areas on the secondary coverts are large and nearly white; the scapu- 
lars are but slightly developed. | 


Family PHASIANID 4. 
MARGAROPERDIX MADAGARENSIS (Scopoli). 


Tetrao madagarensis SCOPOLI, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., Pt. 2, 1786, p. 93. 
Margaroperdix madagascariensis HARTERT, Kat. Mus. Senckenb., 1891, p. 195. 


One specimen from Imerina, July, 1894. 


Family COLUMBIDAs. 
TURTUR PICTURATUS (Temminck). 


Columba picturata TEMMINCK, Pig. et Gallin., I, 1813, pp. 315, 480. 
Turtur picturatus BLyTH, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. B., 1849, p. 236. 
Three specimens from East Imerina. “Iris brown; beak red-brown; 
feet reddish.” These individuals, as is frequently the case in this 
species, have the slate color of the rump more or less mixed with brown. 


Family FALCONID Ai. 
FALCO ZONIVENTRIS (Peters). 


Hypotriorchis zoniventris PETERS, Sitz. k. Pr. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1853, p. 7. 
Falco zoniventris SCHLEGEL and POLLEN, Faun. Madagascar, Ois., 1868, p. 165. 
One male, apparently adult, from the Kast Imerina Forest, March, 
1895. By reason of heavy streaking the jugulum is almost uniform 
blackish. The specimen appears to have been in process of molt when 
taken, as among the fresh feathers there are remains of the old plumage. 


NO. 1197. BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—OBERHOLSER. 239 


FALCO MINOR Bonaparte. 


Falco minor BONAPARTE, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., 1850, p. 484. 


One specimen from the Ambohitritrimo Forest, East Imerina, Decem- 
ber, 1894. This bird is an immature female, with dark brown upper 
parts and streaked lower surface. The ground color of the hind neck is 
buffy ochraceous, not deep rufous, as given by Sharpe.' 


BUTEO BRACHYPTERUS Hartlaub. 


Buteo brachypterus HARTLAUB, Journ. f. Orn., 1860, p.11 (from the Pelzeln man- 
uscript). 


One adult male taken from the East Imerina Forest, taken in Octo- 
ber, 1895. 


ACCIPITER MADAGASCARIENSIS Verreaux. 
Accipiter madagascariensis J. VERREAUX, S. Afr. Quar. Journ., IT, 1833, p. 80. 


Two immature females from East Imerina, February, 1895. 


ACCIPITER FRANCESII Smith. 
Accipiter francesii SmiruH, 8. Afr. Quar. Journ., IT, 1834, p. 280. 


Five specimens, from the East Imerina and Ambohitritrimo forests. 
All seem to be more or less immature, most of them with the bars on 
the middle tail-feathers not distinctly indicated. The different indi- 
viduals vary somewhat in the width of the barring below. 


CIRCUS MAILLARDI Verreaux. 
Circus maillardi VERREAUX, in Maillard VIle de la Réun., II, 1863, p. 12. 
One handsome adult male from the East Imerina Forest, taken in 
October, 1895. 
POLYBOROIDES RADIATUS (Scopoli). 


Vvultur radiatus Scopouti, Del. Flor. et Faun., Insubr., II, 1786, p. 85. 
Polyboroides radiatus GRAY, List Gen. Birds, 1840, p. 5. 


One adult female from the Mampidongy Forest, East Imerina, Feb- 
ruary, 1896. ‘Iris dark brown, feet yellowish.” 


Family BUBONIDA. 
PISORHINA MENADENSIS RUTILA (Pucheran). 
Scops rutilus PUCHERAN, Rey. et Mag. de Zool., 1849, p. 29. 


Three specimens. Two of these, respectively from the Ambohitri- 
trimo and Vorwate forests, East Imerina, are immature birds in the 
rufous phase, with the adult plumage not yet fully acquired, the old 
feathers still persisting on the nape. The remaining example is an 
adult in the brown phase, and is quite dark. 


! Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., I, 1874, p. 383. 


240 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


All the subspecies of Pisorhina magica should be ranked as forms of 
Pisorhina menadensis; for the original description of the latter! appeared 
several years in advance of the former.’ 

These various races are as follows: 

Pisorhina menadensis menadensis (Quoy and Gaimard). 
Pisorhina menadensis magica (Miiller). 

Pisorhina menadensis leucospila (Gray). 

Pisorhina menadensis bouruensis (Sharpe). 

Pisorhina menadensis morotensis (Sharpe). 

Pisorhina menadensis siaoensis (Schlegel). 

Pisorhina menadensis albiventris (Sharpe). 

Pisorhina menadensis rutila (Pucheran). 

Pisorhina menadensis brookit (Sharpe). 

Pisorhina menadensis sulaensis (Hartert). 


Family PSITTACID. 
CORACOPSIS NIGRA (Linnzus). 


Psittacus niger LINN&HUS, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 99. 
Coracopsis nigra WAGLER, Mon. Psitt., 1832, p. 680. 
A pair of adults from the forest of East Imerina. The female is 
similar to the male, but in size is rather less, and in color throughout 
not so deep. 


Family CUCULID A. 
COUA REYNAUDII Pucheran. 


Coua reynauditi PUCHERAN, Rey. Zool., 1845, p. 51. 


Three specimens from the forest of East Imerina. Two of these are 
immature birds, having the rufous of crown and forehead much 
obscured by dull olive, the greater and median wing-eoverts tipped 
with chestnut, the lower surface much mixed with the same color. 
The adult is noticeably paler below than a specimen collected by Dr. 
Abbott 80 miles northwest of Mahanoro. 


COUA CZERULEA (Linnezus). 


Cuculus ceruleus LINN&US, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 171. 
Coua cerulea GRAY, in Griffith’s An. Kingdom, VII, 1829, p. 458. 

Three specimens from the forest of East Imerina. ‘The flesh round 
the eves a most brilliant lightish blue.” These individuals are some- 
what paler, both above and below, than most of the others at present 
available, but this difference does not seem to be correlated with local- 
ity. Two of them, taken early in February, are in process of molt, 
this observable chiefly in the wings and tail. 


'Quoy and Gaimard, Voyage de 1’Astrolabe, I, 1826-34, p. 170, pl. ny, fig. 2, 
2Miiller, Verhandl, Natuurl. Gesch. Nederl., Zool., 1840-1844, p. 110. 


NO. 1197. BIRDS FROM MANDAGASCAR—OBERHOLSER. 2A 


CUCULUS POLIOCEPHALUS ROCHII (Hartlaub). 


Cuculus rochit HARTLAUB, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 224. 
Cuculus poliocephalus var. rochitti MILNE-EDWARDS and GRANDIDIER, Hist. Madag., 
Ois., I, 1879, p. 176. 

Two specimens from the forest of East Imerina. ‘Iris clear brown; 
eyelid yellow; feet yellow.” One of these is a young bird, with brown 
and rufous barred upper surface; the other is an adult. Judging from 
the small series at hand, the Madagascar form of Cuculus poliocephalus 
differs from that of Central Asia in the conspicuously darker color of 
the upper parts, as well asin the somewhat narrower barring below, 
and forms apparently a well-marked geographical race, to which is 
applicable the name rochit Hartlaub, as above given. 


Family CAPRIMULGID 2. 
CAPRIMULGUS ENARRATUS Gray. 
Caprimulgus enarratus Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1871, p. 428. 


One adult female from the forest of East Imerina, February, 1896. 
‘Hye yellowish brown.” The tail-feathers are in process of molt. 


Family CORACIID 4. 
EURYSTOMUS GLAUCURUS (Miiller). 


Coracias glaucurus MULLER, Syst. Nat., Anhang., 1776, p. 86. 
Eurystomus giaucurus GRAY, Hand-list Birds, I, 1869, p. 76. 

Five specimens. One of the three adults is very deeply colored, 
particularly above; its throat and breast are brilliant violet instead of 
the usual rose purple. Of the two immature birds one is still greenish 
blue below; the other has much brownish and some purplish admixture. 
In these last the feathers of the upper surface have more or less dark 
brown centrally, imparting a mottled appearance that is absent in the 


adults. 
ATELORNIS CROSSLEYI (Sharpe). 


Atelornis crossleyi SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 74, pl. X1v. 
Two specimens from the forest of East Imerina. ‘Iris light brown.” 


The bird marked male has the crissum blue; the one sexed female has 
the same part bluish green. 


ATELORNIS PITTOIDES (Lafresnaye). 


Brachypteracias pittoides LAFRESNAYE, Mag. de Zool., 1834, pl. XXXII. 
Atelornis pittoides PUCHERAN, Rey. Zool., 1846, p. 200. 

Two specimens from the forest of East Imerina. “Iris dark brown.” 
One of these is an immature bird, differing from the adult in the par- 
ticulars mentioned by Dr. Sharpe,' also in the conspicuous chestnut 
margins of the wing-coverts and the superior tail-coverts. 


! Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., XVII, 1892, p. 8. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——16 


242 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL 


BRACHYPTERACIAS LEPTOSOMUS (Lesson). 


Colaris leptosomus LESSON, Illustr. Zool., 1832, pl. xx. 
Brachypteracias leptosomus LAFRESNAYE, Mag. de Zool., 1834, Ois., pl. XXXI. 


One specimen, from the forest of Hast Imerina, February, 1876. 
“Tris light yellow; feet grayish.” This bird is immature, in which 
stage the colors of the head and lower surface are rather paler than in 
adults. 


Family ALCEDINID 4. 
CORYTHORNIS CRISTATUS (Linnzus). 


Alcedo cristata LINNZEUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 178. 
Corythornis cristata Kaur, Fam. Alced., 1848, p. 13. 


Five specimens of this pretty little kingfisher are in the collection— 
all from Imerina. ‘Iris dark brown; feet coral red.” There seems to 
be but little individual variation among the adults of this species. 


Family PHILEPITTID A. 
PHILEPITTA CASTANEA (Miller). 


Turdus castaneus MULLER, Syst. Nat., Anhang., 1776, p. 1438. 
Philepitta castanea GRAY, Hand-list Birds, I, 1869, p. 297. 


Five immature specimens, from the forest of Kast Imerina. Two of 
these, taken in February, are molting into the black and yellow plumage 
of the adult. ‘Kye light brown.” 

Dr. Richmond is apparently quite right in his view! that the yellow 
tips to the black feathers are not an evidence of immaturity, but simply 
the usual accompaniment of the fresh molt, wearing off by abrasion 
until the bird assumes a jet black appearance. 

The earliest name for the present species is Turdus castaneus Miller, 
which antedates Turdus jala Boddaert by five years; and there seems 
to be no reason why it should not be adopted, as has already been done 
by Dr. Richmond.’ 


Family ALAUDIDA. 
MIRAFRA HOVA Hartlaub. 


Miraffra hova HARTLAUB, Journ. f. Orn., 1860, p. 106. 


One specimen, from Imerina. 


-1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897, p. 688. 
2Tdem. 


No. 1197. BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—OBERHOLSER. 243 


Family MOTACILLID. 
MOTACILLA FLAVIVENTRIS Hartlaub. 


Motacilla flaviventris HARTLAUB, Journ. f. Orn., 1860, p. 94 (from Verreaux). 


Two specimens in rather worn plumage. 

The specific name flaviventris in this connection is commonly credited 
to Verreaux;' but the first description of the species seems to have 
been published by Hartlaub, who, therefore, rather than Verreaux, 
should, as above given, be cited as the proper authority. ” 


Family PYCNONOTIDA. 
TYLAS EDUARDI Hartlaub. 


Tylas eduardi HARTLAUB, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1862, p. 152, pi. xviit. 


One specimen, from the forest of East Imerina. This is an imma- 
ture bird, and differs from the adult in that the forehead and throat 
are much mixed with white, the greater and median coverts tipped with 
ochraceous. ‘Iris brown.” 


HYPSIPETES MADAGASCARIENSIS (Miiller). 


Turdus madagascariensis MULLER, Syst. Nat., Anhang, 1776, p. 139. 
Hypsipetes madagascariensis SCHLEGEL, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1866, p. 422. 

Four specimens from East Imerina. “Iris brown; feet reddish 
yellow.” 

The only character adduced by Dr. Sharpe? for the differentiation of 
Ixocincla from Hypsipetes is the tarsal scutellation, a distinction which 
examination of a series of perfect specimens does not sustain, in so far 
at least as is concerned comparison of the present species with psaroides, 
the type of Hypsipetes. Whatever may be the affinities of the other 
forms, with which we at present have nothing to do, psaroides and 
madagascariensis are strictly congeneric. 


Family TIMELIID 2. 


BERNIERIA MADAGASCARIENSIS (Gmelin). 


Muscicapa madagascariensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 940. 
Bernieria madagascariensis HARTLAUB, Journ. fiir Orn., 1860, p. 90. 

One specimen from the forest of East imerina. This is a young 
bird in first plumage, and differs from the adult in the very dingy, less 
greenish color of the upper parts, particularly the back, and in the 
duller, more buffy color of the lower surface. 


‘Cat. Rivoli Coll., 1846, p. 9. 
2 See also Richmond, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897, p. 688. 
° Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VII, 1881, p. 45. 


D244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII 


hed 


OXYLABES MADAGASCARIENSIS (Gmelin). 


Motacilla madagascariensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 952. 
Oxylabes madagascarensis SHARPE, Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 386. 


The single specimen referred to this species agrees in most respects 
with Dr. Sharpe’s description of the very young bird,' except that the 
breast has no admixture of rufous feathers. The shade of the entire 
upper parts, including wings and tail, is a much less rufescent olive 
than in the adult. Judging from the texture of the plumage, however, 
this individual does not seem to be a very young bird. 


CROSSLEYIA XANTHOPHRYS (Sharpe). 
Oxylabes xanthophrys SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc.-Lond., 1875, p. 76. 
Crossleyia xanthophrys HARTLAUB, V6g. Madag., 1877, p. 168. 


One adult specimen. ‘Che tail and upper tail-coverts lack the brown 
transverse markings; otherwise it seems to be typical. The structure 
of the nostrils and the much obliterated scutellation of the tarsus suffi- 
ciently distinguish Crossleyia from Oxylabes, with which it has been 
recently united by Captain Shelley.” 


Family TURDID J. 
PSEUDOCOSSYPHUS SHARPEI (Gray). 


Cossypha sharpei GRAY, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1871, p. 429. 
Pseudocossyphus sharpit SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VII, 1883, p. 22. 


Two specimens from the forest of East Imerina, taken in February, 
1896. One of these is in the spotted first plumage; the other is just 
emerging from this condition, having still some buffy markings on 
wing-coverts, head, and neck. 


Family SYLVIIDAi. 
NESILLAS TYPICA (Hartlaub). 


Ellisia typica HARTLAUB, Journ. f. Orn., 1860, p. 92. 
Nesillas typica OBERHOLSER, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1899, p. 211. 


Four specimens from the forest of East Imerina. In the color of the 
upper parts there is considerable individual difference, some of which 
is undoubtedly due to wear. Immature birds are more rufescent above 
than adults. 


DROMAZOCERCUS BRUNNEUS Sharpe. 


Dromeocercus brunneus SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 23 pl. 1, fig. 2. 


One specimen from the forest of East Imerina. 


'Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., VII, 1883, p. 572. 
2 Birds of Africa, I, 1896, p. 65. 


No. 1197. BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—OBERHOLSER. QAdD 


CISTICOLA CHERINA (Smith). 


Drymoica cherina SMITH, Ill. Zool. 8. Afr., Aves, 1843, pl. LXxvuJ, fig. 2. 
Cisticola cherina SHARPE, Layard’s Birds S. Afr., 1876, p. 278. 
One example from Imerina. It is apparently an adult, and isin the 
plase having a uniform crown; the lower surface is almost without 
yellow tinge. 


Family MUSCICAPIDA. 
TCHITREA MUTATA (Linnzus). 


Muscicapa mutata LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 325. 
Tehitrea mutata GRAY, Genera Birds, I, 1846, p. 259. 

Three specimens from East Imerina. One of these is a male just 
assuming the plumage of the adult, the tail being white and black, the 
lower parts mixed white and rufous. The two other individuals are 
young males, one in the rufous plumage of the female, the second in the 
dark, rich chestnut garb. 

The generic name Terpsiphone, currently employed for the group of 
flycatchers to which the present species belongs, was originally pro- 
posed by Gloger' as a substitute for Muscipeta Cuvier,’ because Musci- 
peta was considered “zu iihnlich und ganz gleich bedeutend mit 
Muscicapa;” and since the type of Muscipeta is the South American 
Todus regius Gmelin (= Muscivora regia auct.), it follows that the same 
Species must be regarded as the type of Terpsiphone. This being the 
case, Terpsiphone can of course not be used to designate the Old World 
genus, for which the name Tchitrea Lesson * then becomes available. 


PRATINCOLA SIBILLA (Linnzus). 


Motacilla sibilla LiInN2ZUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 337. 
Pratincola sybilla BONAPARTE, Consp. Av., I, 1850, p. 304. 
Two specimens—an adult male, somewhat worn, and a young bird in 
the spotted plumage. 


“NEWTONIA AMPHICHROA Reichenow. 


Newtonia amphichroa REICHENOW, Journ. f. Orn., 1891, p. 210. 


Two examples of this rare species are in the collection. The points 
of difference from Newtonia brunneicauda given by Dr. Reichenow are 
fully sustained by the two adult specimens in the National Museum; 
and, in addition, amphichroa seems to have a somewhat larger bill. 

One of the present examples is in first plumage, and may be described 
as follows: Crown, nape, and rump chestnut; back olive brown, tinged 


'Troriep’s Notizen, XVI, No. 18, March, 1827, p. 278. 
?Regne Anim., I, 1817, p. 344. 
’Traité @Orn., 1831, p. 386. 


2AG PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


with reddish; tail and wings fuscous, margined exteriorly with oliva- 
ceous; wing-coverts olivaceous, broadly tipped with chestnut; entire 
lower surface dark fulvous, slightly paler on the posterior portion. 


Family NECTARINIID. 
CINNYRIS SOVIMANGA (Gmelin). 


Certhia sovimanga GMELIN, Syst. Nat., I, 1788, p. 471. 
Cinnyris soui-manga BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 407. 

Two individuals from the forest of East Imerina. One of these is an 
adult; the other a young male, which differs from the adult of the same 
sex in being nearly uniform grayish olive green above, with only a few 
scattered metallic feathers; sides of head and neck dull olive grayish, 
mixed with pale yellowish; throat dull black; crissum yellowish white; 
remainder of lower parts bright yellow, the sides washed with olive. 


NEODREPANIS CORUSCANS Sharpe. 
Neodrepanis coruscans SHARPE, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 76. 


A single adult male from East Imerina. The forehead is olive green 
without metallic luster, and the crown and cervix have many plain 
olive green feathers intermingled with the metallic ones. 


Family MELIPHAGID 4%. 
ZOSTEROPS MADERASPATANA (Linneus). 


Motacilla maderaspatana LINNEZUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 334. 
Zosterops maderaspatana RICHMOND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897, p. 693. 
Two specimens from the forest of East Imerina are identical with 
those collected by Dr. Abbott. The earliest name for the present spe- 
cies, which is commonly known as Zosterops madagascariensis, seems to 
be Motacilla maderaspatana Linneeus, as already pointed out by Dr. 
Richmond. ! 
Family PLOCEID 2. 


NELICURVIUS NELICOURVI (Scopoli). 


Parvus nelicourvi SCOPOLI, Del. Flor. et Faun. Insubr., 1786, p. 96. 
Nelicurvius nelicourvi BARTLETT, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, p. 771. 
One specimen, from the forest of East Imerina. The loose texture of 
the plumage and the lack of yellow on the forehead indicate immaturity. 
“Tris brown; feet maroon.” 


FOUDIA MADAGASCARIENSIS (Linnzus). 
Loxia madagascariensis LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 300. 


Foudia madagascariensis BONAPARTE, Consp. Avium, I, 1850, p. 445. 

Four examples from Imerina. One of these is a young male in tran- 
sition plumage, the back being olive green and black, the posterior 
lower parts dull olive grayish; but the head and throat are bright scarlet 
as in the adult. “Iris [of adult male] brown.” 


1 Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897, p. 693. 


as st 


No. 1197. BIRDS FROM MADAGASCAR—OBERHOLSER. QAT 


Family CAMPEPHAGID i. 


GRAUCALUS CINEREUS (Muller). 


Muscicapa cinerea MULLER, Syst. Nat., Anhang, 1776, p. 171. 
Graucalus cinereus SHARPE, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., IV, 1879, p. 28. 

Two specimens from the forest of Kast Imerina. These appear to be 
immature birds just completing the plumage of the adult. The chin is 
strongly washed with brownish, the remaining lower parts slightly so; 
the innermost secondaries are conspicuously tipped with white; the 
primaries and secondaries are distally margined on exterior webs with 
buffy. One of these birds differs from the other in having an almost 
black nuchal collar, and, though in other respects resembling the 
female, is apparently a male. This individual has the greater wing- 
coverts tipped and exteriorly edged with buffy white. ‘Iris dark 
brown.” 


Family DICRURIDE. 


EDOLIUS FORFICATUS (Linnzus). 


Lanius forficatus LINNZUS, Svst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 154. 
Edolius forficatus CUv1ER, Régne Animal, I, 1817, p. 350. 


One example, an adult male, from the forest of East Imerina. ‘Tris 
red.” 


Family LANIID!. 


CALICALICUS MADAGASCARIENSIS (Linnzus). 


Lanius madagascariensis LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 137. 
Calicalicus madagascariensis BONAPARTE, Compt. Rend., XX XVIII, 1854, p.535. 


One adult female from the forest of East Imerina. 


VANGA CURVIROSTRIS (Gmelin). 
Lanius curvirostris LINNZUS, Syst. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1766, p. 135. 


Vanga curvirostris CUVIER, Regne Anim., I, 1817, p. 339. 


Three specimens, from the forest of Kast Imerina. They are appar- 
ently immature, having the forehead, nuchal collar, and lower surface 
pale gray instead of white. One of them has all the light portions of 
the plumage strongly tinged with brownish, evidently an adventitious 
stain. ‘Iris brown; beak black; feet pearly gray.” 


Family STURNIDZ. 


HARTLAUBIUS AURATUS (Miiller). 


Turdus auratus MULLER, Syst. Nat., Anhang, 1776, p. 140. 
Hartlaubius auratus RICHMOND, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1897, p. 693. 


One individual, a female, from the forest of East Imerina, is appre- 
ciably smaller than males inthe National Museum. “ Iris dark brown.” 


QAS PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. r 


a 


In the female of this species the brilliant metallic blue of the exterior 
webs of the wing-quills is replaced on the primaries by green, on the 
secondaries by brown with a marginal and distal greenish gloss; and 
the white of the wing is very much reduced in extent. 

The specific term auratus of Miiller seems to be the earliest one for 
the species, having seven years priority over madagascariensis Bod- 
daert'; and, since it seems to be eligible, should be given the preference, 
as has already been done by Dr. Richmond in the article previously 
cited. 


_' Tabi. Pl. Enlum., 1783, p. 32 


REPORT ON A COLLECTION OF DIPTEROUS INSECTS 
; FROM PUERTO RICO. 


By D. W. CoQuiLLEtTt, 
Custodian of the Diptera in the U. S. National Museum. 


During the months of January and February, 1899, Mr. August 
Busck, of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, through the courtesy 
‘of the U.S. Fish Commission, visited various portions of Puerto Rico, 
and among other things collected quite a large series of dipterous 
insects, which were later deposited in the U. S. National Museum. 
This series comprises 864 specimens, representing 117 species, distrib- 
uted in 79 genera and 31 families. ‘Three of the genera and sixteen of 
the species appear to be new to science, and are duly characterized in 
the following pages. Fifty-one of the species, nearly one-half of the 
whole number, also occur in the United States proper, several of them 
ranging as far northward as the State of New Hampshire. Twenty of 
the others have not as yet been reported as occurring outside of Puerto 
Rico, while the remaining forty-six species have also been obtained in 
some other island of the West Indies or in Central or South America. 

Only a very few species of Diptera were described from Puerto Rico 
by the older authors, and it was not until the year 1885 that any con- 
siderable number of species were reported from that island. In that 
year Herr Victor von Roeder, of Hoym, Germany, pubJished a list, with 
descriptions of new forms, of a series of these insects collected by Con- 
sul Krug.! This list numbers 111 species, of which 76 are different 
from those obtained by Mr. Busck; adding these to the 117 species 
obtained by the latter gives a total of 193 species now known to occur 
in Puerto Rico. 

The report in detail is as follows: 


Family CECIDOMYIID 4%. 


DIPLOSIS COCCIDARUM Cockerell. 


Twenty specimens bred from larve associated with Dactylopius citri, 
and nine specimens bred from Lecanium hemisphaericum; also a single 
Specimen captured at Mayaguezin January. This species was origi- 


'Entomologische Zeitung zu Stettin, 1885, pp. 337-349. Republished, with notes, 
by Senor Juan Gundlach in the Anales de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural, 
1887, pp. 177-199. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1198. we 


250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


nally described from specimens bred from larvee associated with various 
Coccids and Aleurodes at Kingston, Jamacia. The Puerto Rican speci- 
mens do not differ appreciably from a series of six specimens from the | 
former locality received from Professor Cockerell and by him bred from 
larvee associated with Pulvinaria urbicola. 
Family CULICID A. 
CULEX PERTURBANS Walker. 


Two specimens captured at Bayamon in January. This species also 
occurs in this country, extending from Maryland southward to Florida 


and Texas. 
Family CHIRONOMID 4. 


CHIRONOMUS REDUENS Walker. 

A single specimen captured at Aguadilla in January. This species 

is also known to occur in Mississippi. 
CERATOPOGON SEQUAX Williston. 

Seventeen specimens captured in January at Utuado, Aguadilla, 
Bayamon, and Mayaguez. It was originally described from St. Vin- 
cent, West Indies. 

CERATOPOGON PUNCTIPENNIS Williston. 

A single specimen from Aguadillain January. This species was also 
originally described from St. Vincent. 

Family BIBIONID4. 
SCATOPSE PYGMEA Loew. 

Two specimens captured at Mayaguez in January. The species was 
originally described from the District of Columbia, but has also been 
reported from St. Vincent, West Indies. 

Family TIPULID A. 
GERANOMYIA RUFESCENS Loew. 

A single specimen collected at Aguadilla in January. Originally 
described from Puerto Rico. 

- ATARBA PLEURALIS Williston. 

A single specimen captured at Aguadilla in January. The type 
locality of this species is St. Vincent, West Indies. 

Family STRATIOMYITID 8. 
HERMETIA ILLUCENS Linnezus. 


Two specimens collected at Utuado and Aguadilla in January. The 
species has a wide distribution, extending from the southern portion 
of the United States, through Mexico, Central America, and the West 
Indies, into South America at least as far as Brazil. 


NO. 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 251 


ODONTOMYIA DORSALIS Fabricius. 


A single specimen from Fajardo in February. It has previously 
been reported from Santo Domingo, West Indies, and South America. 


Family ASILID4. 
PROCTACANTHUS RUFIVENTRIS Macquart. 
A female specimen captured at Arroyo in February. The species 


was originally described from Santo Domingo, and has already been 
reported from Puerto Rico by Mr. V. von Roeder. 


Family BOMBYLIID. 
HYPERALONIA SERVILLEI Macquart. 


Eleven specimens, Mayaguez and Aguadilla in January, and Fajardo, 
Arroyo, and Vieques Island in February. Specimens are also in the 
U.S. National Museum from Nassau, Bahama Islands, collected by Dr. 
H. G. Dyar. : 

ANTHRAX GORGON Fabricius. 

Seven specimens, captured at Mayaguez and Aguadilla in January, 
and Vieques Island and Fajardo in February. The species was origi- 
nally described from the West Indies, and has been reported from 
Puerto Rico by Mr. von Roeder. 


Family EMPID 4. 


EUHYBUS SUBJECTUS Walker. 


A single specimen, collected at Utuado in January. This species is 
also found in the eastern portion of the United States, ranging from 
the White Mountains, New Hampshire, to the southern part of Florida. 


TACHYDROMIA FLAVIDA Williston. 


Three specimens, captured at Aguadilla in January, and Fajardo in 
February. The species was originally described from St. Vincent, 
West Indies, and was placed by Dr. Williston in the genus Drapetis. 
It is, however, a true Tachydromia, having the front femora consid- 

erably thickened, as stated in the original description.' 


Family DOLICHOPODID A. 
PARACLIUS FILIFERUS Aldrich. 


Three specimens, captured on Vieques Island in February. The spe- 
cies was originally described from St. Vincent, West Indies. 


PELASTONEURUS FASCIATUS Roeder. 


Five specimens, from Arroyo, Vieques Island, and Fajardo in Feb- 
ruary. The type locality of this species is Puerto Rico. 


'In Williston’s table of the species of Drapetis collected in St. Vincent two serious 
errors occur. For xanthopoda read flavidus, and for flavipes read xanthopodus. The 
table is published in Trans. Ent. Soc. London for 1896, p. 441. 


252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. | 


PSILOPUS LONGICORNIS Fabricius. 


A single specimen, collected at Fajardo in February. The species | 
was originally described from the West Indies. 


PSILOPUS PORTORICENSIS? Macquart. 


Five specimens, from Mayaguez and Aguadilla in January, and 
Arroyo and Vieques Island in February. They agree very well with 
the short description, which was based on a specimen from Puerto 
Rico, except that the antennal arista is wholly bare. : 


SYNTORMON BARBATUS Loew. 


Utuado, in January. -A single specimen of this species, originally 
deseribed from the Middle States. 


CHRYSOTUS PALLIPES Loew. 


Thirty-two specimens, from Utuado, Aguadilla, Bayamon, and May- 
aguez in January, and Arroyo, Fajardo, Vieques Island, and Culebra 
Island in February. Originally described from the Middle States, Dr. 
Schiner has recorded it from South America, and it is among the 
species reported by von Roeder from Puerto Rico. 


Family SYRPHID A. 
BACCHA CLAVATA Fabricius. 


Four specimens, collected at Aguadilla and Mayaguez in January, 
and Fajardo and Arroyo in February. Originally described from South 
America, this species is at present known to have a very wide range, 
extending from Nebraska on the north to Buenos Ayres, Argentina, on 
tbe south, and including the West Indian and neighboring islands. 
Von Roeder has already reported it from Puerto Rico. 


BACCHA species. 


Two specimens were bred from larve feeding upon Dactylopius citri 
on Culebra Island in February; they represent a species distinct 
from the above, but are too immature to admit of a positive identi- 


fication. 
OCYPTAMUS LATIUSCULA Loew. 


A single specimen, collected at Fajardo in February. This species 
was originally described from Cuba, and has also been reported from 
Jamaica and Santo Domingo. Von Roeder has already recorded it 
from Puerto Rico. 


ERISTALIS VINETORUM Fabricius. 


Seven specimens, collected at Mayaguez and Aguadilla in January, 
and Arroyo in February. This species was originally described from 
Brazil, and is now reported as occurring over nearly the entire eastern 


NO. 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 253 


half of the United States, the whole of Mexico, Central and ; South 
America, and the West Indies. It was previously reported from Puerto 
Rico by von Roeder. 


ERISTALIS ALBIFRONS Wiedemann. 


A single specimen, collected at Arroyo in February. This species 
was also originally described from Brazil, and has practically the same 
distribution as the preceding species. 


MESOGRAMMA LACINIOSA Loew. 


A single specimen from Utuado in January. The type locality of 
this species is Cuba, but it is aiso reported from St. Vincent, West 
Indies, and von Roeder has recorded its occurrence in Puerto Rico. 


MESOGRAMMA ARCIFERA Loew. 


Twelve specimens collected at Mayaguez and Aguadilla in January, 
and Vieques Island, Culebra Island, Arroyo, and Fajardo in February. 
This species was also originally described from Cuba, and has been 
reported by Mr. C. W. Johnson as occurring in Jamaica. 


MESOGRAMMA SUBANNULATA Loew. 


Eighteen specimens from Utuado and Aguadilla in January, and 
Vieques Island, Fajardo, and Arroyoin February. Originally described 
from Cuba, and Mr. Johnson has reported it from Jamaica. Mesograpta? 
cuprina Bigot, also described from Cuba, is a synonym. 


Family PHORID J. 


PHORA AUREA Aldrich. 


Five specimens, taken at Mayaguez and Bayamon in January, and 
Arroyo in February. This species was originally reported from St. 
Vincent, West Indies. 


Family TACHINID 2. 
ARCHYTAS BASIFULVA Walker. 


A single specimen captured on Vieques Island in February. The 
type locality of this species is Jamaica, West Indies. 


EUPHOROCERA CLARIPENNIS Macquart. 


Three specimens, bred February 10, from cocoons of Megalopyge krugit 
Dewitz, collected at San Juan. This Tachinid is found in all parts of 
the United States, but has not heretofore been reported as occurring 
outside of this country. 


BELVOSIA LUTEOLA, new species. 


Female: Head yellow, the occiput, except the lower portion and a 
semicircular spot in the middle of the upper edge, black, gray pruinose; 


254 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


frontal vitta opaque, orange yellow; sides of front polished, except the 
lower outer angles, which are golden yellow pruinose; frontal bristles 
descending slightly below the arista; face and cheeks silvery white 
pruinose; sides of face bearing a triangular patch of short white bristly 
hairs, extending nearly one-third of distance from the lowest frontal 
bristle to the oral margin; antenne reaching six-sevenths of distance 
to the oral margin, black, the first two joints reddish yellow, the third 
about five times as long as the second, arista thickened almost to its 
apex, the penultimate joint slightly longer than broad; palpi yellow, 
proboscis brownish black. Thorax black, gray pruinose, marked with 
four black vittz, bearing four pairs of postsutural dorso-central macro- 
cheetz and four sternopleural; scutellum brown, the margin yellowish. 
Abdomen yellow, the base of the first segment, a dorsal vitta, and the 
posterior margin of the third segment black; the fourth segment and 
bases of the two preceding yellowish pruinose, the macrocheetz only 
marginal. Legs black. Wings blackish, the anterior basal portion 
subhyaline, tinged in places with yellowish, the third vein bearing two 
or three bristles near the base; calypteres white. Length,11mm. A 
single specimen taken on Vieques Island in February. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4373, U.S.N.M. 


HYPOSTENA VANDERWULPII Townsend. 


A single specimen captured on Vieques Island in February. The 
species was originally reported from Florida, but also occurs in southern 
California. 

Family DEXID. 


MYOCERA RUFIANALIS van der Wulp. 


- A single specimen, from Culebra Island in February. The species 
was originally described from Mexico, but also occurs in Jamaica, West 
Indies. 

Family SARCOPHAGID 4. 


SARCOPHAGA OCCIDUA Fabricius. 


Fifty-five specimens, collected at Mayaguez, Bayamon, Utuado, and 
Aguadilla in January; aud Vieques Island, Arroyo, and Fajardo in 
February. The species was originally described from the West Indies. 


SARCOPHAGA PLINTHOPYGA Wiedemann. 


Twenty-eight specimens, from Aguadilla, Utuado, and Mayaguez in 
January,and Vieques Island, Culebra Island, and Fajardo in February. 
This species was originally described from St. Thomas, West Indies, 
and has been reported from Jamaica by Mr. Johnson and from Puerto 
Rico by von Roeder. 


SARCOPHAGA LAMBENS Wiedemann. 


Five specimens, from Vieques Island and Culebra Island in Feb- 
ruary. Originally described from St. Paul, Brazil, and the West Indies, 
it has already been reported from Puerto Rico by Mr. von Roeder. 


NO. 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 255 


SARCOPHAGA DIVERSIPES, new species. 


Female: Black, the first two antennal joints, palpi, trochanters, broad 
apices of the femora, and the genitalia yellow; frontal vitta dark brown, 
sides of front golden yellow pruinose, changing to gray at the vertex, 
one pair of orbital bristles, no ocellar bristles, frontals descending 
almost to apex of the first antennal joint, middle of face gray pruinose, 
the sides and upper part of the cheeks golden yellow, remaining portion 
of the cheeks brownish, sides of face each bearing a row of short, 
scarcely perceptible, bristly hairs, antenne nearly reaching the oral 
margin, the third joint slightly over twice as long as the second, arista 
long-plumose on the basal three-fourths; thorax gray pruinose, marked 
with three broad black vitta, a black streak in front of the insertion of 
each wing and a second near the center of the pleura; three pairs of 
large postsutural dorso-central macrochete, one pair of acrestichals, 
and two sterno-pleurals; scutellum gray pruinose, the middle third 
black; abdomen opaque, gray pruinose, three vitte and the hind margin 
of each of the first four segments black, the two outermost vittz being 
composed of triangular black spots; wings hyaline, the third vein 
bristly about one-third of distance from its base to the small crossvein; 
calypteres white. Length,6 mm. Fajardo,in February. Two speci- 
mens. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4374, U.S.N.M. 


HELICOBIA HELICIS Townsend. 


Seven specimens, collected at Bayamon in January, and Fajardo, 
Arroyo, and Vieques Island in February. This species is distributed 
over nearly the whole of the United States. 


HELICOBIA species. 


A single specimen, from Culebra Island in February. 


Family CALLIPHORIDA. 
CHRYSOMYIA MACELLARIA Fabricius. 


Two specimens, taken at Mayaguez in January, and Culebra Island 
in February. The known range of this species is from Ohio south- 
ward through Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and over the 
greater portion of South America. 


LUCILIA CA®SAR Linnezus. 


One specimen, collected at Fajardo in February. A European spe- 
cies, which is now distributed over the greater portion of the warmer 
part of this globe. 


256 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. “VOL. XXII. 


a 


Family MUSCID ©. 
MUSCA DOMESTICA Linnzus. 


A single specimen of this cosmopolitan species was captured on 
Culebra Island in February. 


STOMOXYS CALCITRANS Linnzus. 


A single specimen, captured on Vieques Island in February. This 
species has nearly the same distribution as L. cwsar. 


PYRELLIA OCHRICORNIS Wiedemann. | 


Nine specimens, taken on Culebra Island in February. The species 
was originally described from Brazil, but has also been reported from 
Cuba and Puerto Rico. 


MUSCINA TRIPUNCTATA van der Wulbp. 


A single specimen from Culebra Island in February. The species 
was originally described from Mexico. 


LIMNOPHORA ARCUATA Stein. 


Three specimens, captured at Mayaguez in January, and Culebra Island 
and Arroyo in February. The type locality of this species is Georgia, 
and I have seen specimens collected in the District of Columbia. 


LISPA RUFITIBIALIS Macquart. 


Three specimens, taken at Fajardo and Vieques island in February. 
The species was originally described from South America. 


CCENOSIA VARICORNIS, new species. 


Male and female: Black, the third antennal joint of the male, except 
its base, the extreme apices of the femora, whole of tibie, base of 
tarsi and halteres, yellow; an elongate triangular spot below the ocelli, 
dark-gray pruinose, sides of front gray pruinose, the face, cheeks, 
third joint of antennez, except its base, and the upper edge of the sec- 
ond joint, whitish pruinose; antenne two-thirds as long as the face, 
the third joint one and one-third times as long as the second, its lower 
front corner produced in the form of a sharp tooth; arista short plu- 
mose, the longest hairs only slightly longer than its greatest diameter; 
thorax gray pruinose, marked with five blackish-brown vittz, the 
medio-dorsal and lateral ones broad, the former almost crossing the 
scutellum, the remaining pair narrow and interrupted, rarely wanting; 
two pairs of postsutural dorsocentral macrochetz, the bristly hairs 
between them arranged in two rows; abdomen gray pruinose, a pair of 
suborbicular blackish spots on the posterior part of the first three seg- 
ments, those on the second and third the most distinct and each bear- 
ing a macrocheta on its anterior part; a blackish-brown interrupted 


No. 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 257 


medio-dorsal vitta, reduced in the female to a dot on the second and 
third segments; fourth segment bearing a discal and a marginal row 
of macrochetz; front tibize each bearing a single macrocheta, situated 
near the middle of the posterior side, middle tibiw each with a pair 
near the middle; hind tibiz each with a circle of four near the middle, 
besides those at the apices; wings hyaline, unmarked; calypteres 
white. Length,4to5mm. Bayamon, Aguadilla, and Utuado in Janu- 
ary, and Vieques Island, Fajardo, and Arroyo in February. Ten 
males and two females. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4375, U.S.N.M. 


Family SCATOPHAGID 4. 
SCATOPHAGA EXOTICA Wiedemann. 


Four specimens, collected on Culebra Island in February. This 
species was originally described from New Orleans, Louisiana. 


Family MICROPEZID A. 
CALOBATA FASCIATA Fabricius. 


Hight specimens, captured with the preceding. It has been reported 
from Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Florida. 


CALOBATA LASCIVA Fabricius. 


Six specimens, from Mayaguez in January, and Fajardo and Vieques 
Island in February. This species was originally described from 
Cayenne, French Guiana, and has been reported from Puerto Rico, 
Cuba, Jamaica, Florida, New York, and Mexico, while the U. S. 
National Museum contains specimens from Georgia, South Carolina, 
Louisiana, California, and Brazil. Macquart has also recorded it from 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Java, and Australia, but it is very doubt- 
ful that this species occurs in either of the two last-named localities. 
Calobata lunulata of van der Wulp! is a synonym, as that author sus- 
pected it might be. 


MICROPEZA LIMBATA Roeder. 


A single specimen collected at Mayaguez in January. The species 
was originally described from Puerto Rico. 


Family ORTALID ®. 


EUXESTA THOM Loew. 


Fifteen specimens, collected at Bayamon, Mayaguez, and Aguadilla 
in January, and Arroyo and Vieques Island in February. The type 
locality is St. Thomas, West Indies. 


! Biol. Cent.-Am., II, p. 372. 
Proce. N. M. vol. xxii——17 


258 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


EUXESTA STIGMATIAS Loew. 


Three specimens, from Mayaguez and Aguadilla in January, and 
Vieques Island in February. This species was originally described 
from specimens collected in Cuba and Brazil, and has been reported 
from Puerto Rico and St. Vincent Island. 


EUXESTA SPOLIATA Loew. 


Two specimens, from Aguadilla in January, and Fajardo in Febru- 
ary. It was originally described from Cuba, and von Roeder has 
already reported its occurrence in Puerto Rico. 


EUXESTA APICALIS Williston. 


A single specimen, captured at Utuado in January. The type loeal- 
ity is St. Vincent, West Indies. 


Family TRY PETID 44. 
ACIURA INSECTA Loew. 


Twenty-one specimens, from Aguadilla, Mayaguez, and Utuado in 
January, and Fajardo in February. Originally described from Cuba, 
this species has been reported from Puerto Rico, Haiti, Jamaica, Florida, 
Colombia, and Brazil. 


TEPHRITIS PEREGRINA Loew. 


Thirteen specimens, collected at Aguadilla and Mayaguez in Jan- 
uary, and Vieques Island in February. Originally described from Brazil, 
it has also been reported from St. Vincent, West Indies. 


> 


Family SAPROMYZID AK. 
PHYSEGENUA OBSCURIPENNIS Bigot. 


Thirteen specimens, from Utuado, Mayaguez, and Aguadilla in Jan- 
uary. Originally described from Cuba, it has been reported from 
Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and South America. Von Roeder has already 
published the fact that Lauxania variegata Loew, also described from 
Cuba, is a synonym of the present species. 


SAPROMYZA SORDIDA Wiedemann. 


A single specimen, collected at Aguadillain January. This species 
was originally described from the West Indies, and the U. 8. National 
Museum contains specimens which were collected in Florida and 
Georgia. 

LONCHZA LONGICORNIS Williston. 


A single specimen, captured at Utnado in January. Originally 
described from St. Vincent, West Indies. 


NO. 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 259 


Family SHPSIDA. 
SEPSIS INSULARIS Williston. 


Twenty-eight specimens, collected at Aguadilla, Mayaguez, Bayamon, 
and Utuado in January and Fajardo and Vieques Island in February. 
The species was originally described from St. Vincent, West Indies. 


Family EPHYDRID4. 
NOTIPHILA VIRGATA, new species. 


Male: Black, the greater part of the antenne, palpi, apex of probos- 
cis, halteres, and middle and hind tibiz and their tarsi, yellow, the front 
tibiz and tarsi, brown, their bases sometimes yellowish, the other tibize 
changing into brownish toward their apices; front opaque, yellowish 
gray pruinose, a black spot between the ocelli, extending downward 
about halfway to lower edge of the front, and a short distance on either 
side of this spot is a black vitta which extends across the front and is 
greatly dilated at its lower end; face yellow pruinose, bearing one or 
two lateral pairs of macrochetz on the lower part; thorax opaque, gray 
pruinose, mesonotum marked with five black vitte, all, with the excep- 
tion of the outer pair, extending entirely across it, the median one 
posteriorly forked, each fork uniting with the adjacent vitta, the outer 
pair of vittze considerably abbreviated anteriorly; a brown vitta on the 
upper part of the pleura and two converging ones almost crossing the 
scutellum; abdomen opaque, gray pruinose, a pair of large black spots 
on the front part of segments 2, 3, and 5, each spot at its inner side cross- 
ing the segment, the pair on segment 5 slightly polished; the gray 
portions are marked with several black dots; fourth segment marked 
with a transverse row of four black, triangular spots besides several 
black dots; wings grayish hyaline. Length, 3.5mm. Six male speci- 
mens, taken at Utuado and Bayamon in January, and Arroyo and 
Vieques Island in February. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4376, U.S.N.M. 


PARALIMNA DECIPIENS Loew. 


Three specimens, collected at Utuado and Mayaguez in January. 
This species was originally described from Texas, and it also occurs in 
Georgia and Florida. 


PARALIMNA OBSCURA Williston. 


Two specimens, taken at Bayamon in January and Fajardo in Feb- 
ruary. Originally described from St. Vincent, West Indies, it has also 
been reported from Brazil. 


260 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


ILYTHEA OSCITANS Walker. 


A. single specimen, captured at Utuado in January. This species 
was originally described from the United States, without any mention 
of the exact locality. I have examined a specimen captured in Massa- 
chusetts, forming a part of Dr. Garry de N. Hough’s collection. 


ILYTHEA FLAVIPES Williston. 


Four specimens, captured at Utuado and Bayamon in January. It 
was originally described from St. Vincent, West Indies, and has also 
been reported from Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 


ATHYROGLOSSA NITIDA Williston. 


Three specimens, taken at Fajardo and Vieques Island in February. 
This species was also originally described from St. Vincent. 


PSILOPA ACICULATA Loew. 


Forty-seven specimens, collected at Utuado, Mayaguez, Bayamon, 
and Aguadilla in January, and Arroyo, Fajardo, and Vieques Island 
in February. Originally described from Cuba, it has also been reported 
from St. Vincent and Grenada islands, and from Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 
I have studied specimens collected in Georgia and Louisiana, forming 
part of the collection of Dr. Hough. 


PSILOPA NIGRIMANA Williston. 


Four specimens, collected at Utuado and Bayamon in January. Orig- 
inally described from St. Vincent, West Indies, it has also been reported 
from Brazil. 

PSILOPA MELLIPES, new species. 


Male and female: Body and head polished, black or bronze green; in 
the latter case usually with a strong violaceous tinge; antenne brown, 
elongated, the third joint from two to almost three times as long as 
wide; a single macrocheta near each lower corner of the face; probos- 
cis brown, the apex yellow, palpi brown; thorax bearing a single pair of 
dorso-central macrochete; fourth segment of abdomen the longest— 
about twice as long as the fifth in the male, but only one and one-fourth 
times in the female; halteres and legs, including the coxa, yellow; 
wings hyaline; apex of second vein midway between apices of the first 
and third veins. Length, 1 to 1.5 mm. Four specimens. collected at 
Utuado in January and Arroyo in February. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4377, U.S.N.M. 


ALLOTRICHOMA ABDOMINALIS Williston. 


A single specimen, taken at Utuado in January. It was originally 
described from St. Vincent, West Indies, and has also been reported 
from Brazil. 


No. 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 261 


onl 


DISCOCERINA PARVA Loew. 


Six specimens, taken at Aguadilla in January and Arroyo and Vie- 
ques Island in February. This species was originally described from 
the District of Columbia, and the U. 8S. National Museum contains a 
specimen captured at Lake Worth, Florida, by Mrs. A. T. Slosson. 


DISCOCERINA LEUCOPROCTA Loew. 


Eleven specimens, from Utuado, Mayaguez, and Aguadilla in Janu- 
ary and Arroyo, Fajardo, and Vieques Island in February. It was 
originally described from Maryland. 


HYDRELLIA GILVIPES, new species. 


Male: Black, the greater part of the antenne, median vitta on the 
face, the cheeks, palpi, and legs, including the front tarsi, yellow, knob 
of the halteres whitish; front opaque, dark gray pruinose, the lower 
corners brown; face and cheeks yellowish-gray pruinose; a row of 
about seven short bristles extending from the lower part of the face to 
the occiput, crossing the cheek near the eye; third joint of antennz 
oval, only slightly longer than broad; thorax and scutellum opaque, 
grayish-brown pruinose, that on the pleura light gray; two pairs of 
dorso-central macrochet, no bristly hairs between them; abdomen 
polished, the center of the second segment and posterior margin of the 
third yellowish gray pruinose; fourth segment longer than any of the 
others, about one and one-third times as long as the fifth; wings yel- 
lowish hyaline, the apex of the second vein nearly midway between 
the apices of the first and third veins. Length, 1.2 mm. A single 
specimen, collected at Bayamon in January. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4378, U.S.N.M. 


PTILOMYIA, new genus. 


Second joint of antenne bearing a short, forwardly directed macro- 
cheta at its anterior upper angle, the third joint shorter than broad, 
rounded at the apex, arista bearing about six long bristles on the upper 
side and with about three shorter ones on the lower side; front slightly 
contracted at the lower end, two pairs of vertical bristles and two 
fronto-orbitals, the upper pair of the latter directed backward, the lower 
one forward, ocellar bristles located higher than the lowest ocellus; no 
postvertical bristles, front destitute of bristles other than those above 
mentioned; head in profile forming nearly an equilateral, acute-angled 
triangle, face convex, not retreating at the orai margin, bearing a 
transverse row of about six macrochetz a short distance above the 
oral margin and with two on each side of the face near the middle; 
cheeks about one-tenth as wide as the eyeheight, each bearing a stout 
macrocheta near its center, clypeus hidden, mouth opening very large, 
proboscis excessively large, enlarging outwardly, palpi slender and 
nearly linear; eyes bare; auxiliary vein obsolete apically, second basal 


262 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL. 


cell united with the discal, anal cell wanting, costal vein extending 
beyond the apex of the fourth vein; legs destitute of stout macrochete. 
Type, the following species: 


PTILOMYIA ENIGMA, new species. 


Female: Black, the lower side of the third antennal joint and bases of 
tarsi yellow, halteres yellowish white; head, thorax, and scutellum 
opaque, dark-gray pruinose, abdomen slightly polished, very thinly 
brownish pruinose, ovate, composed of six segments, the first and sixth 
very short, the others subequal in length, each about three times as 
long as the sixth; wings whitish hyaline, first vein extending slightly 
beyond the small crossvein, apex of second vein slightly nearer to apex 
of first than to tip of third vein, first posterior cell slightly widening 
toward its apex, last section of the fourth vein nearly one and one-half 
times as long as the penultimate section, hind crossvein slightly shorter 
than the last section of the fifth vein. Length, 0.9 mm. A single 
specimen, collected at Bayamon in January. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4379, U.S.N.M. 


Family DROSOPHILID. 


STENOMICRA, new genus. 


Wings narrow. oblanceolate, the alulee wanting, the posterior margiu 
of the wing convex from base to apex, first vein reaching only to the 
branching of the second and third veins, small crossvein midway 
between this branching and the hind crossvein, the latter about eight 
times its own length from the apex of the fifth vein, penultimate section 
of the fourth vein about one-eighth as long as the last section, first 
posterior cell narrowed at its apex, second basal cell united with the 
discal, anal cell present, tip of second vein nearly midway between 
the apices of the first and third veins, costal vein prolonged beyond 
the apex of the fourth vein; ocelli situated near the center of the front, 
two pairs of vertical bristles and one fronto-orbital, the latter situated 
below the middle of the orbits, no ocellar nor postvertical bristles; 
second joint of antenn bearing a short, forwardly directed macrocheta 
near the upper outer corner, the third joint broader than long, rounded 
at the apex, arista bearing several long bristles on the upper side and 
with a few shorter ones on the lower side; face in profile slightly concave, 
projecting forward at the oral margin, vibriss distinct; mesonotum 
destitute of short bristly hairs, bearing two pairs of dorsocentral 
macrochetze, scutellum with a single pair; tibiz destitute of a pre- 
apical bristle. Type, the following species: 


STENOMICRA ANGUSTATA, new species. 


Head and its members yellow, the front and occiput opaque, thinly 
whitish pruinose, an ocellar dot black; mesonotum and scutellum 


NO. 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 263 


brown, opaque, densely whitish pruinose; pleura, halteres, legs, and 

abdomen yellow, the latter in the female brownish at each end, in the 

male brown on the third and fourth segments; wings hyaline. Length, 

1mm. Two specimens, collected at Bayamon and Utuado in January. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4380, U.S.N.M. 


CLADOCHA®TA, new genus. 


Antenne projecting obliquely forward and downward, nearly perpen- 
dicular, almost as long as the face, the second joint bearing a nearly 
erect macrocheta at the middle of the upper side and with a smaller, 
forwardly directed one at the anterior upper angle; third joint scarcely 
longer than the second, as wide as long, the arista inserted near its 
base, bare, near the base of the upper side bearing a single bristle 
which is almost half as long as the arista proper; front bearing two 
pairs of vertical bristles, one pair of postvertical and one of ocellar, 
two pairs of orbital bristles, placed one behind the other, the lower 
pair only slightly below the middle of the front and directed forward, 
the other pair directed outward and backward, a very small back- 
wardly directed one between the lower one and the eye; on each side of 
the middle of the lower half of the front are four or five pairs of short 
bristles directed inward; head at lower part longer than at insertion of 
antenne; face in profile strongly concave, vibrisse well developed; 
eyes nearly bare, slightly higher than long; cheeks about one-ninth 
as wide as height of eye, proboscis short, very robust, palpi clavate; 
legs rather short and slender, nearly bare, each tibia bearing an erect 
preapical bristle on the outer side, front femora bearing a row of bristles 
on the upper and under sides; auxiliary vein becoming obsolete beyond 
its middle, first vein scarcely reaching beyond the first fifth of the 
length of the wing, apex of second vein over twice as far from the apex 
of the first vein as from the tip of the third, the latter at the extreme 
wing-tip, fourth vein outwardly diverging from the third, hind cross- 
vein slightly more than its own length from the apex of the fifth vein, 
small crossvein slightly before the middle of the discal cell and far 
beyond the apex of the first vein, penultimate section of the fourth vein 
only slightly more than half as long as the last section, second basal 
cell united with the discal, anal cell present, the sixth vein not pro- 
longed beyond the apex of the latter. Type, the following species: 


CLADOCHAETA NEBULOSA, new species. 


Male and female: Head opaque, yellow, the front, except the orbits, 
brownish yellow, ocellar dot brown, eyes brownish red, antennz brown, 
the first two joints yellow, palpi and proboscis yellow; thorax dark 
yellow, subopaque, thinly gray pruinose, two pairs of dorsocentral 
macrochete, the bristly hairs between them numerous and not dis- 
tinetly arranged in rows; three pairs of supra-alar bristles, one priesu- 
tural, two posthumeral, one humeral, and two sternoplural; scutellum 
dark yellow, the margin lighter, bare except for the four marginal 


264 PROCEEDINGS. OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


macrochete; abdomen reddish brown, somewhat polished; wings gray- 
ish, the costal margin to a little beyond the third vein smoky brown, 
darkest in apex of the marginal cell, both crossveins clouded with 
brown; the costal vein extends to the apex of the fourth vein; legs and 
halteres pale yellow. Length,1to1.2mm. One male and four females 
collected at Bayamon, Mayaguez, and A guadilla in January, and Arroyo 
and Vieques Island in February. Also, a single specimen collected at 
Motzorongo, Mexico, in January, 1892, by Prof. Herbert Osborn. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4381, U.S.N.M. 


DROSOPHILA FUNEBRIS Fallen. 


Eleven specimens, captured at Bayamon, Mayaguez, and Utuado in 
January. A Huropean species, which also occurs over the greater 
portion of the United States. 


DROSOPHILA VITTATA Coquillett. 


A single specimen, captured at Arroyo in February. The type 
locality of this species is Charlotte Harbor, Florida. 


DROSOPHILA FUSCA, new species. 


Brown, the halteres and legs, including the coxe, yellow; front 
slightly polished, destitute of short hairs, not pruinose, two pairs of 
orbital bristles, one placed in front of the other; body noticeably 
polished, not pruinose, two pairs of dorsocentral macrochetz, the short 
bristly hairs between them not disposed in rows; wings hyaline, apex 
of second vein nearly twice as far from the apex of the first as from 
that of the third vein; last section of the fourth vein almost twice as 
long as the preceding section; last section of fifth vein two-thirds as 
long as the penultimate section of the fourth; costal vein prolonged to 
the apex of the fourth vein. Length,1 mm. A single specimen, col- 
lected at Utuado in January. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4382, U.S.N.M. 


- 


Family GEOMYZIDA. 
ANTHOMYZA NIGRIMANA, new species. 


Frontal triangle polished black, reaching almost to the lower end of 
the front and filling the space between the frontal orbits, the latter, on 
the upper portion to the single pair of fronto-orbital bristles, polished 
black, remainder of front opaque, brown, the lower corners yellow; face 
less than one-fourth as broad as the front at its middle, yellow; first 
two joints of antenne brownish yellow, the third yellowish white, arista 
brown, greatly thickened at the base, rather densely and long plumose; 
proboscis yellow, palpi brown, occiput and body polished black; legs, 
including the coxe, yellow, the front tibix and first three joints of their 


NO, 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 265 


tarsi black; wings hyaline, halteres whitish, the knobs longer than the 
stems. Length, 1.2 mm. Three specimens, collected at Utuado and 
Mayaguez in January. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4383, U.S.N.M. 


Family OSCINID 4. 
GAURAX LANCIFER, new species. 


Yellow, the antennal arista, an ocellar dot, a somewhat lanceolate 
spot on the posterior half of the mesonotum, an oval spot on the pos- 
terior lower corner of the mesopleura, usually one on the lower part of 
the pteropleura, and the dorsum of the abdomen except at its base, 
black; mesonotum polished, marked with three reddish-yellow vittz, 
scutellum in outline nearly triangular; wings hyaline. Length, 1.5 to 2 
mm. Hight specimens were bred in February from larve infesting the 
egg-sacs of a spider at San Juan. Also, five specimens, bred by Mr. 
H. G. Hubbard, March 16, 1894, from larve infesting the egg-sacs of 
a Spider at Montserrat, West Indies. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4384, U.S.N.M. 


HIPPELATES CONVEXUS Loew. 


Thirty-four specimens, collected at Mayaguez, Bayamon, Utuado, and 
Aguadilla in January, and Fajardo, Arroyo, and Vieques Island in 
February. The species was originally described from Cuba, but also 
occurs in the southern portion of the United States and in Mexico. 
Three specimens from the last-named country were collected April 10, 
1898, by Dr. L. O. Howard, at San Jose de Guaymas. 


HIPPELATES PUSIO Loew. 


Eighteen specimens, from Mayaguez, Bayamon, and Aguadilla in 
January, and Fajardo and Arroyo in February. It was originally 
described from Texas, but ranges as far northward as New Bedford, 
Massachusetts. 

HIPPELATES FLAVIPES Loew. 


Five specimens, from Fajardo and Vieques Island in February. The 
species was originally described from Cuba, but occurs in this country 
as far northward as Franconia, New Hampshire; this appears to be the 
most northern limit of any species belonging to the present genus. The 
specimens from St. Vincent, West Indies, which Dr. Williston refers 
to H. flavipes, evidently belong to some other species, since flavipes 
belongs to his own subgenus Siphomyia, whereas he referred his speci- 
mens to Hippelates as restricted. 


HIPPELATES TENER, new species. 


Head reddish yellow, the sides of the vertex brown, the occiput, except 
the lower portion, black; frontal triangle polished dark brown, widely 


266 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


separated from the eyes and reaching about to the middle of the front, 
rounded below, front outside of the triangle sparsely covered with 
bristly hairs; antenne yellow, upper edge and apex of the third joint 
black, arista dark brown; palpi and proboscis yellow, apical portion of 
the latter black, labella slender, folded back; mesonotum dark brown, 
somewhat polished, but sparsely covered with an appressed yellowish 
tomentum, one pair of small dorsocentral macrochete, the bristly hairs 
not arranged in rows; pleura reddish yellow, a brown spot on the sterno- 
pleura and another above the hind cox; scutellum yellow, metanotum 
and abdomen polished brown; legs yellow and brownish, bases of tarsi 
yellow; wings hyaline; halteres yellowish white. Length,1.5mm. Six 
specimens, collected at Utuado in January, and Fajardo in February. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4385, U.S.N.M. 


OSCINIS ANONYMA Williston. 


Forty-nine specimens, collected at Mayaguez, Bayamon, Utuado, and 
Aguadilla in January, and Fajardo, Arroyo, and Vieques Island in 
February. Originally described from St. Vincent, West Indies. 


OSCINIS VIRGATA Coquillett. 


Seven specimens, from Bayamon, Utuado, and Aguadilla in January, 
and Vieques Island in February. The species was originally described 
from Colorado. 

OSCINIS QUADRILINEATA Williston. 


Three specimens, taken at Bayamon and Mayaguez in January, and 
Fajardo in February. Originally described from St. Vincent, West 
Indies. 

OSCINIS OBSCURA, new species. 


Black, the labella, halteres, under side of the abdomen, apices of 
femora, front and middle tibix, both ends of the hind ones, and the 
tarsi except at their apices, yellow; base of abdomen sometimes yellow- 
ish; frontal triangle polished, almost touching the eyes at the vertex, 
reaching the lowest third of the front; labella slender, pointed. folded 
back; mesonotum and scutellum somewhat opaque, thinly brownish 
pruinose, no dorsocentral macrochete, pleura and abdomen polished ; 
wings hyaline, apex of the second vein midway between the apices of 
the first and third. Length, 1 to 1.5mm. Seventeen specimens, col- 
lected at Mayaguez, Bayamon, and Utuado in January, and Vieques 
Island in February. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4386, U.S.N.M. 


OSCINIS COXENDIX Fitch. 


Ten specimens, from Mayaguez, Bayamon, and Utuado in January, 
and Fajardo in February. This species also occurs from New Hamp- 
shire to Florida, and westward to Colorado. 


NO. 1198. DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 267 


OSCINIS NANA Williston. 


Nine specimens, collected at Mayaguez, Utuado, and Aguadilla in 
January, and Arroyo and Vieques Island in February. Originally 
described from St. Vincent, West Indies. * 


OSCINIS UMBROSA Loew. 


Nine specimens, taken at Mayaguez, Bayamon, Utuado, and Agua- 
dillain January. This species was originally described from Pennsyl- 
vania, and the U. S. National Museum contains specimens collected in 
the District of Columbia and Indiana. 


CHLOROPS TRIVITTATA Williston. 


A single specimen, captured at Arroyo in February. The species 
was originally reported from St. Vincent, West Indies. 


SIGALOESSA BICOLOR Loew. 


One specimen, taken at Fajardo in February. The type locality of 
this species is Cuba. 


Family AGROMYZID. 
DESMOMETOPA HALTERALIS, new species. 


Black, the bases of the tarsi yellow, a yellow spot between the anten- 
ne and a densely gray pruinose one on the lower edge of the face; front 
wholly polished, proboscis slender, horny, the labella nearly as long as 
the proboscis proper and folded back; thorax and scutellum polished, 
two pairs of dorsocentral macrochete; abdomen subopaque, the sides 
and the fifth and following segments polished; wings white, costal and 
first veins yellow, the others white, first posterior cell narrowed at 
its apex. Length, 2 to2.5mm. A single specimen captured at Utuado 
in January; also seven specimens, collected at New Bedtord, Massa- 
chusetts (Dr. Garry de N. Hough), Lake Worth, Florida (Mrs. A. T. 
Slosson), New Mexico (Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell), and Colorado (Mr. 
Carl F. Baker). 

Type.—Cat. No. 4387, U.S.N.M. 


AGROMYZA ANEIVENTRIS Fallen. 


Nine specimens, collected at Utuado, Bayamon, Aguadilla, and 
Mayaguez in January, and Fajardo in February. This is a European 
species which also occurs over the greater portion of the United States. 


AGROMYZA NEPTIS Loew. 


Two specimens, from Aguadilla and Mayaguez in January. This 
species was originally described from Nebraska; the U. S. National 
Museum contains specimens from several other localities, ranging from 
Massachusetts to Florida and Texas. 


268 PROCKEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOU. xx. 


AGROMYZA SETOSA Loew. 


A single specimen, captured at Utuado in January. This species 
was originally reported from the District of Columbia, mG 2 occurs over 
the greater portion of the United States. 


AGROMYZA JUCUNDA van der Wulp. 


Two specimens, collected at Utuado and Mayaguez in January. 
Originally reported from Wisconsin, but now found in nearly every State 
in this country, and Williston reports it from St. Vincent, West Indies, 
describing it as a supposed new species under the name of Agromyza 
lateralis, new species. The latter name was used by Macquart for a 
European species as long ago as the year 1835.! 


AGROMYZA DIMINUTA Walker. 


A single specimen, captured at Fajardo in February. ‘This species 
was originally reported from the United States without mention of any 
more definite locality. It is found over the greater portion of our 


country. 
LOBIOPTERA INDECORA Loew. 


A single specimen, collected on Vieques Island in February. Origi- 
nally reported from Nebraska, it also occurs in the eastern part of this 
country, ranging from New Hampshire to Georgia. 


OPHTHALMOMYIA LACTEIPENNIS Loew. 


One specimen, collected at Bayamon in January. The type locality 
of this species is Cuba, but specimens are in the U.S. National Museum 
which were collected at different points in this country, ranging from 
the District of Columbia to Florida, and westward to New Mexico; it 
has also been reported from St. Vincent, West Indies. 


OPHTHALMOMYIA CINEREA, new species. 


Head black, opaque, gray pruinose, antenne black, the lower por- 
tion of the base of the third joint yellowish, palpi yellow, proboscis 
black, the labella yellowish, rather robust, and only slightly prolonged; 
thorax and scutellum black, opaque, gray pruinose, mesonotum marked 
with five black vitte, of which the median one is prolonged almost 
across the scutellum, bristly hairs of mesonotum arising from minute 
black dots, front end and lower portion of the pleura almost destitute 
of the gray pruinosity; abdomen subopaque, brownish black; legs 
brownish black, halteres light yellow, wings whitish, the costal and first 
veins yellowish, the others white. Length,1.5mm. A single specimen, 
collected at Bayamon in January. Although aberrant in its markings, 
this species possesses all of the important structural characters of the 
preceding. 

ToD —Cat. No. 4388, U.S.N.M. 


nose Nat. a5 Tae ae, II, p. 609. 


No. 1198. ' DIPTERA FROM PUERTO RICO—COQUILLETT. 269 


CERATOMYZA DORSALIS Loew. 


Two specimens, collected at Arroyo and Vieques Island in February. 
This species was originally reported from the District of Columbia, 
but occurs over the greater portion of this country, extending as far 
westward as Colorado. 


LEUCOPIS BELLA Loew. 


Three specimens, bred February 2, from larve preying upon Dactyl- 
opius citrt on Culebra Island. Originally described from Cuba, but 
having a wide distribution, extending from Nova Scotia to California 
and Mexico. . 


Family BORBORID. 


LIMOSINA FONTINALIS Fallen. 


Nineteen specimens, from Bayamon, Utuado, and Mayaguez in Jan- 
uary, and Arroyo and Fajardo in February. A European species, which 
also occurs in the District of Columbia and has been reported from 
Florida by Mr. C. W. Johnson. 


LIMOSINA VENALICIUS Osten Sacken. 


Two specimens, collected at Utuado in January. This species was 
originally described from Cuba, but also occurs at Biscayne Bay, Flor- 
ida, and has been reported from St. Vincent, West Indies, Brazil, and 
Africa. Osten Sacken referred it to the genus Borborus, in which 
genus it is retained by Williston, but it is a typical Limosina, as is also 
the Borborus illotus of Williston. 


LIMOSINA LUGUBRIS Williston. 


Two specimens, taken at Aguadilla and Utuado in January. This 
species was originally reported from St. Vincent, West Indies. 


LIMOSINA PERPARVA Williston. 


Three specimens, collected at Mayaguez and Utuado in January and 
Culebra Island in February. This species was also originally reported 
from St. Vincent. 


Family HIPPOBOSCID. 
ORNITHOMYIA ERYTHROCEPHALA Leach. 


Hight specimens, captured on a sparrow hawk at Adjunctos in Jan- 
uary; also a Single specimen, collected at Culebra Island in February. 
This species was originally described from Brazil, but occurs over a 
large portion of the Western Continent, having been reported by Osten 
Sacken as occurring as far northward as Quebec, Canada. 


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TRICHOBIUS DUGESII Townsend. 


Sixty-two specimens, collected on bats in a cave near Bayamon in 
January. The species was originally described from Mexico, and the 
U.S. National Museum contains specimens collected by Mr. H. F. 
Wickham at Tucson, Arizona, and by Mr. H. G. Hubbard near 
Kingston, Jamaica. 


ASPIDOPTERA BUSCKII Coquillett. 


A single specimen representing this genus and species was collected 
with the preceding specimens. 


PTERELLIPSIS ARANEA Cogquillett. 


Twenty-three specimens, collected with the preceding. This species 
was originally reported from Jamaica and Montserrat, West Indies. 


THE DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA. 


By Mary J. RATHBUN, 


Second Assistant Curator, Division of Marine Invertebrates. 


This paper was prepared.at the request of Prof. O. F. Cook, for the 
help of collectors and students on the west coast of Africa, and it was 
his intention to publish it as an appendix to his report of work done 
for the New York State Colonization Society. The preparation of that 
report having been unavoidably delayed, it was thought best to publish 
this portion while it is complete. The region covered extends on the 
continent from Senegal to Portuguese West Africa, inclusive, or from 
the River Senegal at about 16° north latitude to the River Kunene at 
17° south latitude. It includes the fresh waters tributary to this coast 
and the islands in the Gulf of Guinea, namely, Princes Island, St. 
Thomas, and Rolas. 

A comparison of the ranges of the species found in this area empha- 
sizes the relation of the fauna to those of America and Europe rather 
-than to the fauna of South and East Africa. Of the 152 species enumer- 
ated, 40 occur also in some of the islands west and northwest of Africa— 
the Azores, Madeiras, Canaries, Cape Verde Islands, Ascension Island, 
or St. Helena—24 species have been recorded from the Atlantic coast 
of America, 25 from Europe or the Mediterranean, 8 are South African, 
5 East African, 6 extend to the west coast of America, while 15 occur 
in the oriental region. The widespread species, Planes minutus, 
Grapsus grapsus, and Pachygrapsus transversus are excluded from the 
foregoing count. 

More than half the species of the list are known to the writer only 
from descriptions. Professor Cook and his colleagues have extended 
the range of several species, and have added one, Clibanarius cooki, to 
those hitherto known 

The classification used in this paper is chiefly, but not wholly, that 
of Claus in the Grundziige der Zoologie. The key to families is made 
up partly from definitions in that work, and largely from those in 
Stebbing’s History of Crustacea. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1199. 


bo 
=| 
= 


272 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII, 


KEY TO THE SUBORDERS, TRIBES, AND FAMILIES OF THE ORDER DECAPODA, 
F REPRESENTED ON THE WEST COAST OF AFRICA. 


A. Body short, with the carapace usually wide and triangular, rounded or quadrate, 
and the sternal surface excavated and covered by the abdomen, 
which is folded forward and narrow in the males, but wide in 
the sftemiales sae eee eee eee ee ae Suborder BRACHYURA. 

B. Branchizw not more than nine. 
C. Buceal frame quadrate; efferent branchial channels opening at sides of 
endostome. 

D. Carapace quadrilateral. Frontal region curved downward. Verges of 
male inserted either in sternal plastron or in basal joints of 
fifth pair of legs, thence passing through channels in sternum 
ibeneathvabdomeneese sees are eras eee Tribe CATOMETOPA. 

E. Carapace hard and firm. Front, orbits, and eyestalks not very small. 
Buccal frame quadrate anteriorly. 
F. Carapace moderately convex or depressed; branchial regions not 
greatly dilated. ; 

G. Third maxillipeds with fifth joint articulated at the front inner 
angle usually. Front of moderate width or very narrow. EHye- 
stalks often greatly elongate...........--- Family OCYPODID. 

G’. Third maxillipeds with fifth joint articulated at apex or front outer 
angle of fourth. Front usually broad. Eye-stalks of moderate 
BEZen A? oh Chum aM nynaRh tcc ie eatin Soh OR In eRe Family GRAPSIDA. 

}’. Carapace very convex, especially dilated over and in front of the 
branchial regions; antero-lateral margins entire and strongly 
arcuate. Seventh joint of walking legs often armed with longi- 
tudinal rows of spines. Land crabs..... Family GECARCINIDA. 

E’. Carapace more or less membranaceous. Front, orbits, and eyestalks 
very small. Buccal frame arcuate anteriorly. Species of small 
size, and may be found in shells of bivalve mollusks, tests of sea- 
urchins, and tubes of annelids~.-_-...--- Family PINNOTHERID®. 

D’. Carapace not quadrilateral. Male genital openings on the basal joint of 
the fifth pair of legs. 

E. Carapace broad, short, rounded anteriorly, without projecting frontal 
POSURE Se Use ean See ey tarets re eee ee ttre Tribe CYCLOMETOPA. 

F. Buccal cavity well defined. Antennule folded transversely or ob- 
liquely transversely. 

G. Carapace convex. Terminal joint of last pair of legs not fiatly 
expanded. 

H. Terminal joint of the last pair of legs usually spinuliferous. Species 
fluviatile or living in damp earth away from the sea. 

Family POTAMONID®. 

H’. Terminal joint of last pair of legs usually unarmed. Species 

MUM DTN © sss ee Sk A SN a ah ee ee Family PILUMNID#. 

G’. Carapace depressed, widest at the last antero-lateral marginal 
spine. Usually from 5 to 9 antero-lateral teeth or spines. _ Ter- 
minal joint of last pair of legs usually flatly expanded. 

Family PORTUNID. 

F’. Buccal cavity not sharply defined, the third maxillipeds usually 
extending over its anterior margin. Antennule folded longi- 
buvdinalliliy pps Seer Amey ee ees Se eee cena Family CANCRIDA. 

E’. Carapace usually triangular, with projecting pointed rostrum. 
Tribe OXYRHYNCHA. 

F. Basal joint of antennz well developed, inserted beneath the eves and 
usually forming a great part of the infra-ocular space. 

Family MAILDa. 


NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. oS 


F’. Basal joint of antenne very small, and with the next joint embedded 

in the narrow gap between the front and the inner orbital 

AMO Cee er cesieesm epsom eee se ae Family PARTHENOPID &. 

C’. Buccal frame usually triangular, narrowed forward. Efferent channels 
opening at middle of endostome. Male genital openings on the 


basal joint of the last pair of legs....-.--. Tribe OXYSTOMATA. 
D. Last one or two pairs of feet not articulated higher up than the preceding 
pairs. 


E. Afferent channels to the branchiz opening behind the pterygostomian 
regions and in front of the chelipeds. 
F. Fifth and following joints of the third maxillipeds not wholly con- 


cealed by the fourth joint..--...-.-....... Family CALAPPIDA. 
F’. Fitth and following joints of the third maxillipeds concealed behind 
the triangular acute fourth joint.......-_-- Family.MATUTID&. 


E’. Afferent channels to the branchi not in front of bases of chelipeds, but 
at the antero-lateral angles of the endostome. 
Family LEUCOSIIDA. 
D’. Last one or two pairs of feet articulated higher up than the preceding 
pairs. 
K. Afferent channels to the branchiz in front of bases of chelipeds. 
Family DORIPPIDA. 
HK’. Afferent channels to the branchiz not in front of bases of chelipeds. 
Pleon short, not folded under the carapace. 
Family RANINID A. 
B’. Branchiew more than nine.----- a possi aE Yate Ws Sil nna as eae ae Tribe ANOMALA. 

C. Last one or two pairs of feet subdorsal, often prehensile, for carrying a shell, 

sponge, or leaf over the body as a means of concealment. 
Family DROMID&. 
A’. Body elongate, with the abdomen or pleon usually well developed, longer than 
the carapace, and extended, or partially so, never closely reflexed 
against phesbermuny jess ssa! sop seen Suborder MACRURA,. 
B. Body not compressed. Rostrum depressed, often wanting. First abdominal 
segment shorter and narrower than the following. Abdominal 
appendages not oar-shaped. The articulation between the car- 

pus and propodus at two fixed points. 

C. Abdomen with hard integument, tapering, and recurved from the middle, and 
without a swimming fan. Second to fifth pairs of legs short 
and wide, with terminal joint wide, curved outwardly for swim- 
ming and digging in the sand...--........---- Tribe HIPPIDEA. 

Family HIPPID 2. 

C’. Abdomen sometimes sott; when hard it is usually provided with a swimming 
fan. Second to fifth pairs of legs not wide nor with terminal 
joint flattened and curved for swimming and digging. 

D. Abdomen or pleon usually soft and membranaceous and spirally twisted. 
Carapace weak or membranaceous behind the cervical groove. 
Chelipeds and two following pairs of legs well developed, the 
last two pairs small, one or both being usually chelate. 
Tribe PAGURIDEA. 
K. First antennze with peduncle elongate, first joint as long as eyestalks. 
Second antennze with peduncle compressed. Hermit crabs 
HANI SH eres es We aay a ee Naa eC Re a ea Family Ca:NOBITID. 
KE’. First antenn with peduncle of moderate size, first joint short and stout. 
Second antenne with peduncle subcylindrical. Hermit crabs. 
Family PAGURIDZ. 
_D’. Abdomen or pleon with firm integument. Carapace not weak behind the 
- cervical groove. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 


18 


Ze PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


E. Pleon with segments not overlapping. Rostrum minute orabsent. Car- 
apace short. First pair of legs chelate. Eyes small. Burrow- 
DIVO STAND Sine es ale eee ese eer rer eee Tribe THALASSINIDEA. 


Family CALLIANASSID. 
kK’. Pleon with segments overlapping. 


F’. First pair of legs simple or only subchelate. Carapace with yery thick 


INGE SUITS TILER Ne ean Ae MEL shih dee. ARAN Tribe LoricaTa. 
G. Carapace subcylindrical; external antenne very long and rigid. 
CA Syomony NOSE 4.5506 so5d55 bobece os oaee Family PALINURID&. 


- G’. Carapace flattened; external antenne flat, short, squamiform. 
Family SCYLLARID A, 
E’. First pair of legs chelate. Carapace with moderately firm integument. 
Tribe PORCELLANIDEA. 
Family PORCELLANID 2. 
B’. Body more or less compressed. Rostrum usually compressed. Pleon elongate, 
not inflexed; appendages oar-shaped. Articulation between 
the carpus ‘and propodus at only one fixed point. 
Tribe CARIDEA. 
Cc. First three pairs of legs chelate; rostrum laterally compressed. 
Family PENZIDA. 
C’. First three pairs of legs not all chelate. © 
D. Rostrum long; first and second pairs of legs chelate; last three pairs 
simple. 
EK. Second pair of legs with carpal joint undivided. Sometimes fluviatile. 
Family PALZMONIDA. 

K’. Second pair of legs with carpal joint divided into segments. 

Family HIPPOLYTIDA. 
D’. Rostrum very small] or absent. 

EK. Eyestalks short, more or less covered by the projection of the front 
margin of the carapace; first pair of legs robustly chelate, 
sometimes unsymmetrical; second pair long and_ slender, 
MMR! OMENS caccaccesoaacoosedede sco5ée Family ALPHEIDA. 

kK’. Eyestalks not covered by the front margin of the carapace. 

I. First and second pairs of legs distinctly chelate, with spoon-shaped 


inoexenes. | Shp NaleNAls\. se oboe csan dose coSuns ocaeds Family aryIpé. 
I’. First and second pairs of legs more or less chelate. Fingers not spoon- 
shaped=) Manin esisetce sacs een nee: Family CRANGONID. 


Suborder BRACHYURA. 
Tribe CATOMETOPA. 
Family OCYPODID A. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY OCYPODIDA. 


A. Carapace quadrate; sides entire; front narrow; orbits occupying nearly the 
whole width of the carapace. 


B. Eye peduncles large; chelee in male somewhat unequal_.......-_.. Ocypode. 

B’. Eve peduncles slender; chele in male extremely unequal...._......--. Uca. 
A’. Carapace with arcuate anterior margins; front and orbits of moderate width. 

B. Antero-lateral margins distinctly dentate..........-..-......-- Pilumnoplax. 


B’. Antero-lateral margins obscurely lobate...._...-...-....--.- Typhlocarcinus. 


No, 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 275 


Genus OCYPODE Fabricius. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS OCYPODE. 


Pree ENessLerminabed: byea SOT Sbyle ener erie = (a\alar= Sen ele teai eens eas ippeus. 
Ne wesmwiin out mbermimalystylececsarns tsetse cen seie orseceia eee ee eo oa africana. 


OCYPODE IPPEUS Olivier. 


Ocypode ippeus OLIVIER, Voy. Empire Ottoman, IV, 1804, p. 52; Atlas, Pt. 2, pl. 
XONONG ET Orage 

Ocypode cursor MILNE-EDWARDSs, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), Zool., XVIII, 1852, p. 142 
(= ? Cancer cursor Linneus). 

Range.—Greece (Guérin); Syria (Olivier); Egypt (Lamarck); African 
coast of the Mediterranean (Desmarest); West African coast. 

West African localities.—Cape Verde Islands (Stimpson, Miers, Stu- 
der); Cape Verde (Milne-Edwards); Senegal (Kingsley); Rufisque, 
Senegal (Hilgendorf); Dakar, Senegal (O. F. Cook); Mouth of Mesu- 
rado River, Monrovia (O. F. Cook); Liberia (Studer); Acra d’Elmina 
(de Man); St. Thomas, at Iogo-Ilogo, Diogo Nunes, Praia das Conchas, 
Praia Almoxarife (Osorio); St. Thomas (Vieira, teste Osorio); Ile du 
Prince (Osorio); Kongo coast (de Man, Studer); St. Paul de Loanda 
(Studer, Benedict); Angola, at Benguella, Novo Redondo and Lobito 
(Osorio). 

OCYPODE AFRICANA de Man. 


Ocypode africana DE MAN, Notes Leyden Mus., III, 1881, p. 253. 
Ocypode hexagonura HILGENDORE, SB. Ges. Natur. Freunde Berlin, 1882, p. 23. 
Ocypode edwardst Osorio, Jor. Sci. Lisboa (2), IT, 1890, p. 48. 


West African localities.—Rufisque, Senegal (Hilgendorf); Mouth of 
Mesurado River, Monrovia (O. I’. Cook); Liberia (Hilgendorf); Grand 
Cape Mount, Liberia (de Man); [le du Prince (Osorio); Kongo coast 
(de Man); Loango (Hilgendorf); Muserra (de Man). 


Genus PILUMNOPLAX Stimpson. 
PILUMNOPLAX SULCATIFRONS ATLANTICA Miers. 


Pilumnoplax sulcatifrons var. atlantica Mrers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, 
p. 259. 
West African locality—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers). 
Genus TYPHLOCARCINUS Stimpson. 


TYPHLOCARCINUS INTEGRIFRONS Miers. 
Typhlocarcinus integrifrons MiERS, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 260, 
pl. xiv, fig. 1. 
West African localityx—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers). 
Genus UCA Leach. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS UCA. 


MwOarapace buberculaterpiromtmarrow 2:22 0220. 2.022 2222) 0225 2s ee tangert. 
AVM OArA pace smooth front DrOadiece “oe o.5- 22 leeds eee ace ee eee sees mordax. 


276 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


UCA TANGERI (Eydoux). 


Gelasimus tangeri EyYDOUX, Mag. de Zool., 1835, Cl. VII, pl. xiv. 

Gelasimus perlatus HERKLOoTS, Addit. Fauna Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 3. 
Gelasimus cimatodus ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soe. Philom. Paris (7), VU, 1883, p. 171. 
Uca tangieri ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 356. 

The perlatus form of this species differs from typical tangert only in 
the great reduction of the larger cheliped of the male and its compara- 
tive smoothness, there being no tubercular ridges on the inner side of 
the palm. The single male of perlatus in the U.S. National Museum 
collection, from St. Paul de Loanda, appears to be an aborted tangert. 

Range.—From Portugal (Capello, Osorio), to north and west coasts 
of Africa, as far as Algiers and Angola; West Indies (Miers); ? Bahia 
(Kingsley). ; 

West African localities.—Rutisque, Senegal (Hilgendorf); Dakar, 
(O. F. Cook); Goree Bay, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); Sierra Leone (Miers) ; 
Rock Spring, Monrovia (O. F. Cook); mouth of Mesurado River (O. F. 
Cook); Liberia (Hilgendorf); Grand Bassam (Studer); Guinea (Kings- 
ley); Beyah River, Ashantee (Benedict); near Boutry, Guinea (Herk- 
lots); Lagos (Studer); Bibundi, Kamerun (Aurivillius); St. Thomas, 
at Iogo-Iogo, and Praia Almoxarife (Osorio); Ogove (Thallwitz); 
Chinchoxo (Hilgendorf, Studer); mouth of the Kwilu River (Berlin 
Mus.); mouth of the Kongo (Studer); Loanda (Hilgendorf, Studer); 
St. Paul de Loanda (Benedict); Barre du Dande, Benguella and Lobito 
(Osorio); ‘ Les deux Mamelles” and “Coté des Maringouins pointe des 
Chameaux” (Rochebrune). 


UCA MORDAX (Smith)? 


Gelasimus mordax SMITH, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., 11, 1870, p. 135, pl. 11, fig. 3; pl. 
IV, figs. 4, 4a. 

Range.—Bahamas to Rio de Janeiro. West Africa? 

West African locality—Liberia (O. F. Cook, collector); one small 
but mature female. 

This single specimen is very like females of Uca mordax from 
America. Its identity can not be determined with certainty until the 
male is discovered. 

Dimensions.—Length, 8.6 mm.; width, 12.6 mm. 


Family GECARCINID 4s. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY GECARCINID. 


A. Palpus of the outer maxillipeds inserted on the inner face of the third joint near 
its summit and concealed under the joint. ..-.--. SUN CLS ayes Ses Gecarcinus. 
A’. Palpus of the outer maxillipeds inserted at the external angle of the third joint 
andiexposed: tonvde Wiens eee ee seen ere ae secrete sisi ciai eleereeieeets Cardisoma. 


NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. DUT 


Genus GECARCINUS Leach. 


GECARCINUS LAGOSTOMA Milne-Edwards. 


2 Or 


Gecarcinus lagostoma MILNE-EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1837, p. 27. 

Range.—Australasia (Milne-Edwards, Miers); South and West 
Africa; Bermuda? (Miers). 

African localities.—West Atrica (Miers); St. Thomas and Rolas 
(Greeff, as ruricola; Osorio, as ruricola); Benguella, Angola (Osorio) ; 
Cape of Good Hope (Miers); Ascension Island (Drew, Miers, Benedict, 
Ortmann). 

Genus CARDISOMA Latreille. 


CARDISOMA ARMATUM Herklots. 


Cardisoma armatum HERKLOTS, Addit. Fauna Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 7, pl. 1, figs. 4, 5. 

West African localities.—St. Jago, Cape Verde Islands (Stimpson, 
as U. gquanhumt), Cat. No. 2037, U.S.N.M.; Porto Praya, St. Jago, Cape 
Verde Islands (Miers); Rufisque, Senegal (Hilgendorf); Dakar, Senegal 
(O. F. Cook); St. George del Mina, and near Boutry, Guinea (Herklots); 
Lagos (Ortmann, as C. guanhumi), Bibundi, Kamerun (Aurivillius); St. 
Thomas and Rolas (Greeff, as C. guanhumt); Ribeira Peixe, St. Thomas 
(Osorio); Ogove (Thallwitz); Benguella, Novo Redondo, Lobito, and 
Koroka River (Osorio). 


Family GRAPSID. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF THE FAMILY GRAPSID&. 


A. Antenne covered by the front. 
B. External maxillipeds without a piliferous ridge. 
C. Antenne excluded from the orbit. 


D. Merus of maxillipeds as long as ischium ..---.-.----.-----:.-.- Goniopsis. 

D’. Merus of maxillipeds shorter than ischium ..---.--..------1 Metopograpsus. 
C’. Antenne entering the orbit. 

Dy Merus of maxillipeds longer than’ broad 2255.--22. 5-2 -2-2-- 22. Grapsus. 


D’. Merus of maxillipeds as broad as long. 
Ei. Outer surface of palm of large chela quite flat, and prolonged proximally 


Ibe yon dathes wet ste ees ee eee nee Platychirograpsus. 
Kk’. Outer surface of palm not flattened and prolonged. 
Hea Carapacesloncersthanebroadges=-ese ae aeee eae meee ee Planes. 
10M, CARRE ORCS) THELEN GIRYS Gacaas Googe aooo eoed coecad Sccea GGSe Pachygrapsus. 
B’. External maxillipeds with a piliferous ridge...-....---.-.----.----.- Sesarma. 
Oo ISIUOS CHOW TIO aceasta aa as Cane ee rE ane eee Subgenus Sarmatiwm. 


C’. Sides straight. 
D. Sides with a tooth behind orbital tooth. Manus with pectinated ridges 


DOVE See aye a eR a ee aa eR Subgenus Perisesarma. 
D’. Sides entire. f 
E. Manus without pectinated ridges above .-.......Subgenus Holometopus. 
kK’. Manus with pectinated ridges above ...-...----. Subgenus Parasesarma. 
A’. Antenne visible from above. 
B. Merus of maxillipeds large, as broad as ischium ..._.---..----.------ Plagusia. 


B’. Merus of maxillipeds small, much narrower than ischium ...--.-.----- Percnon. 


273 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXU. 


Genus GONIOPSIS de Haan. 
GONIOPSIS CRUENTATA (Latreiile). 


Grapsus cruentatus LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Crust., VI, 1803, p. 70. 
Grapsus (Goniopsis) cruentatus DE Haan, Fauna Japon., 1835, p. 33. 
Grapsus pelii HERKLOTS, Addit. Fauna Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 6, 7. 

Range.—Bahamas and Florida Keys to Rio de Janeiro; Bermudas; 
West Africa; west coast of Nicaragua (Kingsley). 

West African localities.—Dakar (O. F. Cook, collector); Rock Spring, 
Monrovia (O. F. Cook, collector); mouth of Mesurado River (O. F. Cook, 
collector); Liberia (von Martens); Ashantee (Benedict); Boutry, Guinea 
(Herklots); Princes Island (Osorio); St. Thomas, at logo-logo, Praia 
das Conchas, and Binda (Osorio); Gabun (Kingsley); Ogove (Thall- 
witz); Angola and Lobito (Osorio). 


Genus METOPOGRAPSUS Milne-Edweards 
METOPOGRAPSUS MESSOR (Forskal). 


Cancer messor FORSKAL, Desc. Anim. Itin. Or., 1775, p. 88. 
Metopograpsus messor MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), XX, 1853, p. 165. 
Range.—Oriental region; West Africa. 
West African localities.—Canaries (Brullé); St. Thomas (Osorio); 
Angola (Osorio). 
Genus GRAPSUS Lamarck. 
GRAPSUS GRAPSUS (Linnzus). 


Cancer grapsus LINN/ZUS, Sys. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 630. 
Cancer (Grapsus) grapsus LATREILLE, Regne Anim. Cuvier, III, 1817, p. 16. 
Grapsus grapsus IVES, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1891, p. 190. 

Range.—Throughout the Tropics. 

West African localities.—Madeira (Dana, Stimpson); Canary Islands 
(Milne-Edwards); Cape Verde Islands (Dana, Stimpson, Miers, Bene- 
dict); Ascension Island (Miers, Benedict, Ortmann); Rufisque, Senegal 
(Hilgendorf); Liberia (de Man); St. Thomas Island, at Ribeira Peixe, 
Praia Almoxarife, Praia das Conchas, and Angolares (Osorio); Angola, 
at Benguella and Koroka River (Osorio). 


Genus PACH YGRAPSUS Randall. 


PACHYGRAPSUS TRANSVERSUS Gibbes. 


Pachygrapsus transversus GIBBES, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci., III, 1850, p. 181. 
Leptograpsus rugulosus MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Sci. Nat. (8), XX, 1853, p. 172 [138]. 
Range-—Bahamas and Florida Keys to Rio Janeiro; Bermudas; 
West Africa; Oriental region (Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, 
Tahiti); California; Gulf of California; Gulf of Fonseca; west coast 
of Central America; Peru; Galapagos Islands. : 
West African localities—Madeira (Stimpson, Miers); Cape Verde 
Islands (Miers, Benedict); Loanda (Hilgendorf ). 
This species is quite distinct from P. maurus Lucas (= Goniograpsus 


No. 1198. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 279 


simplex Dana), which can be told most readily by its narrower cara- 
pace, with sides slightly converging posteriorly, and by the entire lower 
extremity of the meri of the last pair of feet. There is a specimen of 
P. maurus in the U.S. National Museum from Terceira, Azores, col- 
lected by William Trelease. It is also known from Algiers (type 
locality); Oran (Milne-Edwards); Madeira (Stimpson); Rio Janeiro 
(Dana, Heller). 

It is possible that Grapsus simplex Herklots, from Boutry, Guinea, 
is a synonym of Pachygrapsus maurus Lucas. 


Genus PLANES Leaeh. 
PLANES MINUTUS (Linnzus). 


Cancer minutus LINNZUS, Sys. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 625. 
Planes clypeatus BowpDicH, Excursions in Madeira and Porto Santo, 1825, p. 15, 
pl. xu, figs. 2a, 2b. 
Planes minutus WHITE, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 42. 
Range.—In all tropical and temperate seas. 
West African localities—Canary Islands (Miers); Rio Gambia 
(Kingsley ). 
Genus PLATYCHIROGRAPSUS de Man. 
PLATYCHIROGRAPSUS SPECTABILIS de Man. 
Platychirograpsus spectabilis DE MAN, Zool. Anz., No. 506, 1896, p. 292; Jahrb. 
Hamburg. Wissen. Anst., XII, 1896, p. 97, pl. u1, figs. 4, 4a, b, d; pl. 1m, fig. 4c. 
Aspidograpsus typicus KROYER, manuscript (Copenhagen Museum). 
Range.—Mexico; West Africa. One specimen was received from the 
Mexican Commission at the World’s Columbian Exposition, 1893 
(U.S.N.M.). Bay of Mexico, one male (Copenhagen Mus.). A claw of 
this rare species was discovered by the writer among a collection of 
deformed lobster claws in the museum at Halifax, Nova Scotia; its 
origin is unknown. 
West African locality.—Gabun (de Man). 


Genus SESARMA Say. 
Subgenus HOLOMETOPUS Milne-Edwards. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS HOLOMETOPUS. 


A. Upper margin of front concave and deeply four-lobed ......-.----------- robertt. 
A’. Upper margin of front straight and nearly undivided ....-_..---..------ elegans. 


SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) ROBERTI Milne-Edwards. 


Sesarma roberti MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), XX, 1853, p. 182 [148]. 
Sesarma americana Pocock, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (6), III, 1889, p. 7. Not 8. 
americana Saussure. 
Sesarma bromeliarum RATHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1896, p. 143. 
Range.—West Indies: Haiti; Jamaica; Puerto Rico (Cat. No. 4801, 
Berlin Mus.); Laiou, Dominica (Pocock); Martinique (Paris Mus.); St. 
Lucia. West Africa. 
West African locality.—Goree, Senegal (Milne-dwards) 


280 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXII. 


SESARMA (HOLOMETOPUS) ELEGANS Herklots. 


Sesarma elegans HERKLOTS, Addit. Fauna Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 10, pl.1, fig. 10. —DE 
Man, Notes Leyden Mus., I, 1879, p. 69. 


West African localities—Near Boutry, Guinea (Herklots); Ogove 
(Thallwitz). 
Subgenus PARASESARMA de Man. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS PARASESARMA. 


A. Outer surface of hand perfectly flat and smooth......---...---.------ biittikoferi. 
A’. Outer surface of hand not perfectly flat and smooth .----.--..-.----- angolensis. 


SESARMA (PARASESARMA) BUTTIKOFERI de Man. 


Sesarma biittikoferi DE Man, Notes Leyden Mus., V, 1883, p. 163. 


West African localities.—Rock Spring, Monrovia (O. F. Cook, . 
collector); Fisherman Lake, Liberia (de Man); Gunk River, Liberia 


(U.S.N.M.); Bibundi, Kamerun, in brackish water at the mouth of 
the river Bekongolo (Aurivillius); river N’Dian, Kamerun, brackish 
water (Aurivillius); Ogove (Thallwitz). 


SESARMA (PARASESARMA) ANGOLENSIS Capello. 


Sesarma angolensis CAPELLO, Desc. tres esp. nov. Crust. Afr. Occ., Lisboa, 1864, 
p.4, fig.2; Mem. Acad. R. Sci. Lisboa, Cl. Sci. Nat., Nova Ser., II, 1865 Pt. 2. 
West African localities.—Grand Cape Mount, Liberia (de Man); 
Kamerun, at Bibundi on land, and river N’Dian, brackish water (Auri- 
villius); Ponte da Leuha, Kongo (Studer); Sea of Angola (Capello); 
Angola (Osorio). 
Subgenus PERISESARMA de Man. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS PERISESARMA. 


A. External surface of palm rising to an acute tubercle, situated near the external 


Inferior angle eee eS sae os ae ae eee eee kamermani. 
A’. External surface of palm regularly convexly arched...---..--..----- africanum. 


SESARMA (PERISESARMA) KAMERMANI de Man. 
Sesarma kamermant DE MAN, Notes Leyden Mus., V, 1883, p. 165. 


West African locality—Muserra, Kongo (de Man). 


SESARMA (PERISESARMA) AFRICANUM Milne-Edwards. 

Sesarma africana M1LNE- EpwWarbs, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p.73; Ann. Sci. Nat. 

(3), XX, 1853, p. 185 [151]. 

Range.—Barbados (Paris Mus.); West Africa. 

West African localities—Senegal (Milne-Edwards); Rock Spring, 
Monrovia (O. F. Cook, collector); Liberia (de Man); Beyah River, 
Ashantee (Benedict); near Boutry, Guinea (Herklots); Ekundu and 
Bibundi, Kamerun (Aurivillius); Gabun (Paris Mus.); Ogove (Thall- 
witz); Benguella (Osorio). 


NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 281 


Subgenus SARMATIUM Dana. 


SESARMA (SARMATIUM) CURVATUM Milne-Edwards. 
Sesarma curvata MILNE-EDWARDsS, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 75. 
Sesarma violacea HERKLOTs, Addit. Fauna Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 9.—pE 
Man, Notes Leyden Mus., II, 1880, p. 31. 
Metagrapsus curvatus MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), XX, 1853, p. 189 [155]. 
Sarmatium curvatum KINGSLEY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila , 1880, p. 212. 
West African localities—Senegal (Milne-Edwards); near Boutry, 
Guinea (Herklots); Boutry and Saccondi (de Man); Ogove (Thallwitz) ; 
Lobito (Osorio); West Africa (Kingsley). 


Genus PLAGUSIA Latreille. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PLAGUSIA. 


A. Carejpeee umlsronileW 322s ae aS ese Se celes sees nes Se aeess cease e eee Caesar depressa. 
ANY, (Canny neies iinOKon NES SAE tee ee ee el ele eee Ones ne ae Atte Bae a eee delaunayi. 


PLAGUSIA DEPRESSA (Fabricius). 


Cancer depressus FABRICIUS, Sys. Ent., 1775, p. 406. 
Plagusia depressus Say, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1817, p. 100. 
Range.—From Charleston, South Carolina, to Brazil; from the Med- 
iterranean to St. Helena and South Africa. 
African localities—Madeira (Osorio); Cape Verde Isiands (Osorio) ; 
St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (Miers); Rufisque, Senegal (Hilgen- 
dort); Senegambia (Herklots, as P. squamosa); Liberia, Saccondi and 
Acra d’Elmina (de Man); Beyah River, Ashantee (Benedict); near 
Boutry, Guinea (Herklots, as P. sywamosa); St. Thomas Island (Osorio) ; 
Angola (Osorio); Natal (Herklots, as P. squamosa). 


PLAGUSIA DELAUNAYI Rochebrune. 


Plagusia delaunayi ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom., Paris (7), VII, 1883, No. 4, 
p. 172. 
West African localities.—lIle aux Chiens, Albreda; Gambia (Roche- 
brune). 
Genus PERCNON Gistel.! 
PERCNON PLANISSIMUM (Herbst). 
Cancer planissimus HERBST, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, III, 1804, Pt. 4, p.3, pl. 
LIX, fig. 3. 
Leiolophus planissimus M1ERS, Cat. Crust. New Zealand, 1876, p. 46. 
Range.—West Indian region; Oriental region to Japan and Sand- 
wich Islands; Clarion Island; Cape St. Lucas; Chile; Azores; West 
coast of Spain and Portugal; West and South Africa. 
African localities.—Madeira (Brullé, Dana, Miers); Canaries (Brulleé) ; 
Praia das Conchas, St. Thomas Island (Osorio); Ascension Island 
(Miers); Cape of Good Hope (Ortmann). 


' Percnon Gistel, Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs, Stuttgart, 1848, p. vill, substi- 
tuted for Acanthopus de Haan, preoccupied. 


282 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Veuineue 


Family PINNOTHERID4. 


Genus THAUMASTOPLAX Miers. 


THAUMASTOPLAX ANOMALIPES Miers. 


Thaumastoplax anomalipes Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 261, pl. xiv. 
fig. 2 


West African locality.—Goree Bay, Soneeumnbie! 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers). 


Tribe CYCLOMETOPA. 
Family POTAMONID&. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA AND SUBGENERA OF THE FAMILY POTAMONIDA. 


A. Ambulatory legs with anterior margin of carpal and propodal joints unarmed. 
B. Lateral margin of carapace armed with large and sharp teeth or spines. 


os Genus Parathelphusa. 
B’. Lateral margin of carapace entire, toothed or granulate... -.-.. Genus Potamon. 
C. Postfrontal crest present and uninterrupted ----.- Subgenus Potamonautes. 

C2) Rostirontalcrestiabsentisese sere ree ee ee eee eee eee Subgenus Cale pnsa 


A’. Ambulatory legs armed with numerous spines on the anterior margin. 
Genus Hrimetopus. 


Genus POTAMON Savigny. | 


Subgenus POTAMONAUTES MacLeay. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS POTAMONAUTES. 


A. Lateral margin of carapace with a tooth between the outer orbital tooth and 
the postfrontal crest. 
B. Postfrontal crest terminating in a well-marked tooth ......-..-----. africanus. 
B’. Tooth rudimentary or wanting. 
C. A groove separates the postfrontal crest from the lateral margin of the cara- 
EI eee Aaa EON Se Me Kee an Ao HAM Sar MEMES cahotS 6 Se 3 aubrut. 
C’. Postfrontal crest and lateral margin continuous. .-.....--.-----.---- decazet. 
A’. Lateral margin of carapace without a tooth between the outer orbital tooth and 
the postfrontal crest. 
B. Epibranchial tooth strong, produced. 
C. Postfrontal crest arcuate, more advanced at its middle than the epibranchial 


tooth. 
DE Carapace) very thick: asiwolllemma: = soe) ne aren terete eae bayonianus 
D’. Carapace less thick, swollen; front narrower: a deeper sinus between the 
postfrontal crest and the epibranchial tooth ...-..-...--...----- dubius. 
C’. Postfrontal crest sinuous, its middle portion about equally advanced with 
thejepibramch valet ooh sys Sp ea ee eee ae se eee ballayi.! 

B’. Epibranchial tooth nearly obsolete, not produced. 

C. Carapace flattened; postfrontal crest not prominent.-----.--- margaritarius. 


C’. Carapace very convex. 
D. Postfrontal crest sloping backward from the middle to the lateral mar- 


fn) ONS eee eee ee SS) eeu ey epee ON Ree A ecm ea SEIS aiuto pS eens perlatus. 
IDS IROsnaronaUrAl CMTE OMMOUI ss 34 2 ee Seb b6 Sos5 Ssedco cStocs scecee anchiete. 


Oro aine 2p le ere of this species, the postfrontal crest is SraAinemaoredl. 


No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 283 


POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) AFRICANUS (A. Milne-Edwards) 

Thelphusa africana A. MILNE- EDWARDS, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., V, 1869, p. 
186, pl. x1, figs. 2, 2a; Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, p. 124, fig. 8. 

Potamon (Potamonautes) aubryi ORTMANN (part), Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 
309. 

West African localities.—Rivers of Liberia (de Man); Mount Coffee, 
Liberia (O. F. Cook; U.S.N.M.); Kamerun (Aurivillius); Gabun (A. 
Milne-Edwards); the San Benito, the Ogove, the Alima, the Kongo (A. 
Milne-Edwards). 


POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) DECAZEI (A. Milne-Edwards) . 
Thelphusa decazei A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), X, 1886, p. 150; Ann. 
Sci. Nat., Zool., (7), IV, 1887, p. 127, fig. 7. 
Potamon (Potamonautes) decazei ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 309. 
West African localities—The San Benito, Franceville on the Alima 
(A. Milne- Edwards). 


POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) AUBRYI (Milne-Edwards). 


Thelphusa aubryi MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), XX, 1853, p. 210.—A. MILNE- 
EDWARDS (part), Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, p. 122. 

Thelphusa aurantia HERKLOTS, Addit. Faun. Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 2. 
(Not Cancer aurantius Herbst. ) 

Thelphusa peliti HERKLOTS, Symb. Carc., Leyden, 1861, p. 13. 

Thelphusa emarginata KINGSLEY, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1880, p. 36. 

Potamon (Potamonautes) aubryi ORTMANN (part), Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, 
p. 309. ‘ 

Potamon (Potamonautes) emarginatum ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, 
p. 309. 


African localities—St. George-del-Mina, Guinea (Herklots); Kam- 
erun (Aurivillius); Gabun (Milne-Edwards); West Africa (Kingsley) ; 
Port Natal (Kingsley). 


POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) MARGARITARIUS (A. Milne-Edwards). 


Thelphusa margaritaria A. MILNE-EDWaARDs, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., V, 1869, 
p. 185, pl. 1x, figs. 4, 4a, 40; Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, p. 130. 

Potamon (Potamonautes) margaritarium ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 
308. 

Habitat.—St. Thomas, off west coast of Africa (A. Milne-Edwards). 
The following localities on the island have been noted: Ribeira Peixe; 
Portinho, 400 meters altitude; Binda; Batepa; Saudade, 750 meters 
altitude; River Agua Grande (Osorio); Rio de Mello, 300 meters 
(Greeff). 


POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) ANCHIET 4 (Capello). 


Thelphusa anchietw CAPELLO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, III, 1870, p. 132, pl. ta, fig. 11.—A. 
MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, p. 128. 
Potamon (Potamonautes) perlatum ORTMANN (part), Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, 
p. 307. 
West African localities.—Braganeca; Ambaka; Pungo-Ndongo; Dondo 
(allin Angola). Luebo, Kongo; D. W. Snyder (U.S.N.M.). Quilengues 
and Quando (Osorio). 


284 ' PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII, 


POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) DUBIUS (Capello). 


Thelphusa dubia CAPELLO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, IV, 1873, p. 254, pl. 1, figs. la, 2a.—A. 
MILNE-EDwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, p. 129. 
Potamon (Potamonautes) dubium ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 307. 


African localities.—St. Thomas (Osorio); Kunene River, Mossamedes 
(Capello); Angola, Humbe, and Kunene River (Osorio); Kazungula, 
Zambesi (U.S.N.M.). 


POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) BAYONIANUS (Capello). 


Thelphusa bayoniana CAPELLO, Desc. tres esp. nov. Crust. Afr. occ., Lisboa, 1864, 
p. 2, pl. 1, fig.3; Mem. Acad. R. Sci. Lisboa, Cl. Sci., Nova Ser., Il, 1865, Pt. 2; 
Jor. Sci. Lisboa, III, 1870, p. 131, pl. 2a, fig. 10.—A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. 
Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, p. 128. 
Potamon (Potamonautes) bayonianum ORTMANN, Zool. Jabhrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 306. 
African localities—Angola: To the north of Quibula; Duque de 
Braganea; Kakonda; Huilla; Kunene River (Osorio). 
POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) BALLAYI (A. Milne-Edwards) . 
Thelphusa ballayt A. MILNE-EDwarps, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), X, 1886, p. 149; 
Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, p. 182, figs. 2, 2a, 20. 
African locality.x—N gancin on the Kongo (A. Milne-Edwards). 


POTAMON (POTAMONAUTES) PERLATUS (Milne-Edwards). 


Thelphusa perlata MILNE-EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 13. 
Potamon (Potamonautes) perlatum ORTMANN (part), Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, 
p. 307. 

African localities—Zanzibar and Zanzibar coast (Pfeffer); Natal 
(Krauss, Ortmann); Cape Colony (Milne-Edwards, Krauss, Heller); 
Constantia (Stimpson); Cape Town (Miers); Wellington (Miers); Chalk 
Bay (Studer); Biballa and Caconda (Osorio); 400 miles inland from 
Loanda in River Cuiji—H. Chatelain, collector (U.S.N.M.). ‘Found in 
ponds and swamps; eaten by the natives; called ‘ Hala.’” 


Subgenus GEOTHELPHUSA Stimpson. 
POTAMON (GEOTHELPHUSA) MACROPUS Rathbun. 


Potamon (Geothelphusa) macropus RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XII, 
1898, p. 29, pl. u, figs. 1-4. 
African locality—Mouth of Mesurado River, Monrovia; O. F. Cook, 
collector. ; 


Genus PARATHELPHUSA Milne-Edwards. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PARATHELPHUSA. 
A. Lateral margin with only one tooth behind the post-frontal crest... --- chavanesi. 
A’. Lateral margin with more than one tooth behind the post-frontal crest. 
B. Lateral margin with more than three teeth behind the post-frontal crest. 


C. Carapace narrow; post-frontal crest feeble..-.....-..-..---..--.---. brazze. 

C’. Carapace broad; post-frontal crest distinct. -.........-..--..-.-.----chaperi. 
B’. Lateral margin with only three teeth behind the post-frontal crest. 

C. Post-frontal crest uninterrupted, nearly straight. ....-.....-.-.-.---- pecilei. 


C’. Post-frontal crest arcuate, uneven, interrupted -...-..-..-.-.--.-.---- campi. 


wo. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 285 


PARATHELPHUSA BRAZZ£ A. Milne-Edwards. 


Parathelphusa brazz@ A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), X, 1886, p. 148; 
Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, p. 142, fig. 6. 
Potamon (Acanthothelphusa) brazzw@ ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 300. 


West African locality.—N gancin, Kongo (A. Milne-Edwards). 
PARATHELPHUSA CHAPERI A. Milne-Edwards. 


Parathelphusa chaperi A. MILNE-EDwarpbs, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, 
p. 144, fig. 4. 


West African locality.—Assini (A. Milne-Edwards). 


PARATHELPHUSA PAECILEI A. Milne-Edwards. 


Thelphusa pecilei A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), X, 1886, p. 149. 
Parathelphusa pecilei A. MILNE-Epwarps, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, 
p. 148, fig. 1. 
Potamon (Acanthothelphusa) pecilei ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 300. 
West African locality—Alima River, Bateke, French Kongo (A. 
Milne-Edwards). 


PARATHELPHUSA CAMPI Rathbun. 


Parathelphusa campi RATHBUN, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1894, p. 25. 
Potamon (Acanthothelphusa) campi ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 300. 


West African locality.a—Stanley Pool, Kongo. 


~PARATHELPHUSA CHAVANESI A. Milne-Edwards. 


Thelphusa chavanesi A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Bull. Soc. Philom. (7), X, 1886, p. 150. 
Parathelphusa chavanesi A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. (7), IV, 1887, 
p. 145, fig. 3. 
Potamon (Potamonautes) chavanesi ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., X, 1897, p. 309. 
West African locality.—Environs of Franceville on the Alima, French 
Kongo (A. Milne-Edwards). 


Genus ERIMETOPUS Rathbun. = 


ERIMETOPUS SPINOSUS Rathbun. 
Erimetopus spinosus RATHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1894, p. 26. 


West African locality —Stanley Pool, Kongo; under boards and tim- 
bers, in mud. 


Family PILUMNIDA. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY PILUMNIDZA. 


A. The ridges that define the efferent branchial channels, if present, are low and 
are confined to the posterior part of the endostome, never reach- 
ing to the anterior boundary of the buccal cavern. 

B. Fronto-orbital border hardly ever (in adults) more than half, most usually 
much less than half, the greatest width of the carapace. 

C. Antero-lateral margin continued to the angle of the buccal cavity; carapace 

CLOG COR ae a eA A acct aii Slava) aieies Sis Glyptoxanthus 


286 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII 


C’. Antero-lateral margin ending at the orbit. 


De Amibullatonyelersicristateseees sees eerie eee eee Lophopanopeus. 
D’. Ambulatory legs not cristate. 
HeiCarapacerdeeplyslobuilate mess eae sean mee eee ae ees eee Actea. 
E’. Carapace not deeply lobulate. 
F. Fingers sharp-pointed; carapace subhexagonal --..----..----- Xantho. 


F’. Fingers blunt-pointed, hollowed at the tip. 
G. Carapace very broad, oval; antero-lateral margin thickened. 


Xanthodius. 
G’. Carapace of moderate width, suboval; front and antero-lateral mar- 
gins not thickened sjem eo. ee sere eee eee eee Leptodius. 


B’. Fronto-orbital border much more than half the greatest width of the carapace. 
C. Fingers pointed at tips. Q 


D. Carapace and legs granulate or tuberculate ........---..-.------ Xanthias. 
D’. Carapace almost smooth, except for short transverse lines. Legs smooth. 
EKupanopeus. 

C/Hingersvhollowedtatitipy S255 4440 ee eee eee e eee ee aeeeeeee Chlorodiella. 


A’. The ridges that define the efferent branchial channels extend to the anterior 
boundary of the buccal cavern, and are often very strong. 

B. Fronto-orbital borders half or less than half the greatest breadth of the cara- 

pace, which is broad and transversely oval....--..- Epixanthus. 

B’. Fronto-orbital border just about two-thirds the greatest breadth of the cara- 

pace. Antero-lateral borders almost always shorter than the 

posterolateral pes eas. cee ee tee croc erceeeer Pilumnus. 


Genus ACT A“A de Haan. 
ACTZAZA MARGARITARIA A. Milne-Edwards. 


Actewa margaritaria A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, IV, 
1868, p. 62, pl. xvH, figs. 9-12. 


West African localities.—Cape Verde Islands (A. Milne-Edwards); 
Iogo-logo, St. Thomas (Osorio). 


Genus XANTHO Leach. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS XANTHO. 


A. Carapace wide; width more than 14 its length...--..........---..----- rivulosus. 
A’. Carapace narrow; width less than 1} its length ........-.. Sout cue See eee pilipes. 


XANTHO RIVULOSUS (Risso). 


Cancer rivulosus Risso, Crust. Nice, 1816, p. 14. 
Xantho rivulosus MILNE-EDwarps, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1834, p. 394. 


Range.—Great Britain; Atlantic coast of Europe; Black Sea; Medi- 
terranean Sea; West coast of Africa. 
West African locality.—Angeola (Osorio). 


XANTHO PILIPES A. Milne-Edwards. 


Xantho pilipes A. MILNE-EDwarps, Ann. Soc. Entom. France, VII, 1867, p. 268. 
Xartho pilipes? Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 213. 


West African localities.—Senegal (A. Milne-Edwards); Goree Bay, 
Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); Senegambia (Ortmann). 


No, 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 287 


Genus XANTHODIUS Stimpson. 
XANTHODIUS PUNCTATUS (Miers). 
Leptodius punctatus Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 214, pl. x1, 
fig. 3. 
West African locality—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers). : 
Genus LEPTODIUS A. Milne-Edwards. 
LEPTODIUS CONVEXUS (A. Milne-Edwards). 
Chlorodius (Leptodius) converus A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), XXI, 
1869, p. 410. 
West African locaiities—Cape Verde Islands, at St. Vincent, St. 
Lucia, Mayo, and Santiago (A. Milne-Edwards); logo-logo, St. Thomas 
Island (Osorio); Isla das Rolas (Osorio). 


Genus XANTHIAS Rathbun. 
XANTHIAS MELANODACTYLUS (A. Milne-Edwards). 
Xanthodes melanodactylus A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 
IV, 1868, p. 60, pl. x vil, figs. 1-3.—M1kErs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, 
p. 212. 

Range.—Fayal, Azores, 50 to 90 fathoms (Miers); West Africa. 

West African localities.—Madeira islands (Miers); off Gomera, Canary 
Islands, 75 fathoms (Miers); Cape St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (A. 
Milne-Edwards, Miers); Harbor of Porto Praya, Cape Verde Islands, 
10 fathoms (Studer); Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); 
Senegambia (Ortmann); St. Thomas Island, at Praia Almoxarife and 
Praia des Conchas (Osorio); Ascension Island (Miers); Ascension 
Island, 20 to 30 fathoms, March 25, 1890, U.S. Eclipse Expedition to 
West Africa, William Harvey Brown, Naturalist (U.S.N.M.). 


Genus LOPHOPANOPEUS Rathbun. 

LOPHOPANOPEUS SEXDENTATUS (Miers). 
Lophozozymus (Lophoxanthus) secdentatus Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 

1881, p. 211, pl. x11, fig. 2. 
West African locality—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers). 
Genus EUPANOPEUS Rathbun. 
EUPANOPEUS AFRICANUS (A. Milne-Edwards). 


Panopeus africanus A. MILNE-EDWaRDs, Ann. Soc. Entom. France (4), VII, 1867, 

. 276. 
ee africanus RATHBUN, Bull. Lab. Nat. Hist. State Univ. Iowa, IV, 1898, 

p. 273. 
West African localities—Rock Spring, Monrovia (O. F. Cook; 

U.S.N.M.); Gabun and Angola (A. Milne-Edwards). 

This may be the “ Panopeus herbstii” recorded from Angola and 
Loanda,' and from logo-Iogo, St. Thomas Island, by Osorio.’ 


1 Jor. Sci. Lisboa, XI, 1887, p. 224. 2Tdem. (2), II, 1890, p. 45. 


288 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. xxu. 


Genus CHLORODIELLA Rathbun. 


CHLORODIELLA LONGIMANA (Milne-Edwards). 


Chlorodius longimanus MILNE-EDWARDs, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1834, p. 401. 

Chlorodiella longimanus RATHBUN, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, I, 1897, p. 14. 
Range.—F lorida Reefs; West Indies; Curacao; West Africa. 
West African locality.—St. Thomas Island (Osorio). 


Genus GLYPTOXANTHUS A. Milne-Edwards. 


GLYPTOXANTHUS VERMICULATUS (Lamarck). 


Cancer vermiculatus LAMARCK, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., V, 1818, p. 271. 

Xantho vermiculatus MILNE- EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1834, p. 391. 

Actewa angolensis CAPELLO, Desc. aly. esp. nov. Crust. e Arach. Portugal e poss. 
Port. do ultramar, 1866, p. 4, pl I, fig. 3; Mem. Acad. R. Sci. Lisboa, Cl. de 
Sci. Nat., Nova Ser., IV, 1867, Pt. 1. 

Glyptoxanthus vermiculatus A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 255, 
pl. xin, fig. 2. 

West African locality. Angola (Capello, Osorio). 

In 1868,1 A. Milne-Edwards said “Le Xantho vermiculatus des 
Antilles a été signalé 4 Angola par M. Capello.” Later, in 1879,? he 
said “La patrie des deux exemplaires qui ont servi aux descriptions 
de Lamarck et de M. Milne-Edwards, et qui appartiennent aux collec- 
tions du Muséum, est inconnue; mais il est tres probable que c’est 
VPAmérique.” 


Genus PILUMNUS Leach. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PILUMNUS. 


A. Outer surface of the larger hand granulate except toward the lower margin. 
verr ucosipes. 
A’. Outer surface of larger hand armed with strong spines ...---.....--.. africanus. 


PILUMNUS VERRUCOSIPES Stimpson. 
Pilumnus verrucosipes SvIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X, 1858, p. 36.— 


Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 216, pl. x11, fig. 5. 


African localities: —Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers) ; 
Simons Bay, Cape of Good Hope, 11 fathoms (Stimpson). 


PILUMNUS AFRICANUS A. Milne-Edwards. 
Pilumnus africanus A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Ann. Soc. Entom. France (4), VII, 1867, 
p. 280. 


West African localities—Goree, Senegambia (A. Milne-Edwards); 
Angola (A. Milne-Edwards); Loanda (Osorio). 


Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, IV, p. 149. 2Crust. Rég. Mex., p. 255. 


No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 289 


Genus EPIXANTHUS Heller. 
EPIXANTHUS HELLERII A. Milne-Edwards. 


Epixanthus hellerit A. MILNE-EDWarpDs, Ann. Soc. Entom. France (4), VII, 1867, 
p. 278. 
Ozius corrugatus OSORIO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, XI, 1887, p. 224; (2). I, 1889, p. 131. 


West African localities—Senegal (A. Milne-Edwards); Gabun (A. 
Milne-Edwards); St. Thomas Island, at logo-logo, S. Joao dos Angu- 
lares and Praia das Conchas (Osorio); Angola (Osorio). 


Family PORTUNID. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY PORTUNIDA. 


A. Antero-lateral teeth nine. 
B. Flagellum of antenna entering orbit. 


CaeAbdomentofemalestrian og ular sem sects eee ease eens oes Portunus. 
Cr 7Abdomensofomalejan inverted Wisse. .2esctssss2 5222 eee eee oe Callinectes. 
B’. Basal joint of antenna enlarged and almost excluding the antenna from the 
OUD fay se satey ayes ein nina tee oleyeiapere te selaxetayerecleiereeialeveyaiara tate Charybdella. 


A’. Antero-lateral teeth less than nine. 
B. Carapace wide, subquadrilateral. Front and orbits occupying almost entire 


ai UbhvOt CarapaCe) acess coo ctcle elses seco ci eienie See omiaine siaeiae Thalamita. 
B’. Carapace narrow; frontal and antero-lateral borders forming a regular curve. 
WMeateralsteethyiivest a. asec aistesis eee SOE SHA Oo Ree HE Sera Liocarcinus. 


Genus PORDUNUS Fabricius: 
= Neptunus De Haan. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PORTUNUS. 


A. Posterior border of the arm with two spines near the wrist..-.-....---- validus. 
A’. Posterior border of the arm with one spine at the wrist. 
B. Carapace rough with series of granulations. Hand with three spines--hastatus. 
B’. Carapace almost smooth. 
Cretan dewithet wos pines... eas tee ee ee eee mle yars mene sicele wed edwardsi. 
CeeiHandswithionelspineses <2 soso so oe oe mo enee osc eeisee ee seee pallidus. 


PORTUNUS VALIDUS Herklots. 


Portunus (Posidon) validus HERKLOTS, Addit. Faun. Africe Occ., 1851, p. 4, pl. 1, 
fig. 1. 

Neptunus validus A. MILNE-EDWaARDs, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., X, 1861, p. 321, pl. 
XXIX, fig. 1. 


West African localities—St. George del Mina, Guinea (Herklots); 
Benguela (Osorio). 


1“Tupa spinimosa Learn.” is known to me only by the entry of Osorio in Jor. Sci. 
Lisboa (2), I, 1890, p. 129. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——19 


290 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL 


PORTUNUS HASTATUS (Linnzus). 


Cancer hastatus LINNZUS, Sys. Nat., 12th ed., I, 1767, Pt. 2, p. 1046. 
Lupa hastata MILNE-EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crist., I, 1834, p. 455. 
Neptunus (Amphitrite) inequalis M1ERS, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 217, 
pl. x11, fig 6. 
Range.—West coast of Spain and Portugal; Azores; Mediterranean 
Sea; West Africa. 
West African localities.—Canaries; Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 
fathoms (Miers); St. Thomas Island, at Praia das Conchas and Baie 
d’Anna Chaves (Osorio). 


PORTUNUS EDWARDSI (Rochebrune). 


Neptunus edwardsi ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), VII, 1883, p. 169. 


West African localities—Gambia and Casamance Rivers (Roche- 
brune). 
PORTUNUS PALLIDUS Rochebrune. 


Neptunus pallidus ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), VII, 1883, P- 170. 


West African locality. —Lac de N’Guer, Marigots de M’Bao, Thionk, 
Leybar (Rochebrune). 


Genus CALLINECTES Stimpson. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CALLINECTES. 


A. Length of lateral spine less than twice that of preceding tooth .....--. bocourti. 

‘A’. Length of lateral spine more than twice that of preceding tooth. 
B. Appendages of first abdominal segment of male mucb shorter than the abdomen. 
C. Lateral spine long and slender, about three times length of preceding tooth. 


gladiator. 
C’. Lateral spine shorter and stout, Betneon two. and two and a half times 
length of preceding tooth eae eae sors eersciee Celene ormeanes ..-.marginatus. 

B’. Appendages as long as the abdomen.....-....---.--------0see cceees latimanus. 


CALLINECTES BOCOURTI A. Milne-Edwards. 


Callinectes bocourti A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 226 (variety 
of _C. diacanthus).—RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XI, 1897, p.151, and 
synonymy. 

? Neptunus amnicola ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), VII, 1883, p. 168. 

Range.—Honduras to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; West Africa. 

West African localities—Senegal; Liberia; Chinchoxo. Neptunus — 
amnicola Rochebrune 1s described from Sénégal, Falémé, Bakoy, Bafing, 
‘‘et tous les Marigots tributaires,” 

Osorio records “ Neptunus diacanthus” from Angola, Benguella, 
Loanda, Lobito,' from Praia das Conchas, St. Thomas,’ and from Logo- 
logo, St. Thomas.? De Man reports N. diacanthus from Liberia, St. 
George del Mina, and one. Thallwitz also records a Callinectes 


io Sei. eben ‘XI, 13887, p. 295, Biden (2), II, 1890, Dp. 199. 
2Tdem. (2), I, 1889, p. 131. 4 Notes Leyden Mus., V, 1883, p. 150. 


No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 291 


(* Neptunus diacanthus”) from Ogowé, West Africa, and Bahia, Brazil. 
It is impossible to tell without examination of specimens whether these 
so-called “ N. diacanthus” are synonymous with C. bocourti or with other 
species of Callinectes. 

Rochebrune says of Neptunus amnicola, which I think may be identi- 
eal with Callinectes bocourti, that it is found only in the fresh waters of 
rivers and is much sought after for food, the meat being exceptionally 
good. The negroes fish for them to eat and to sell to the Europeans. 
The Ouolofs eall it ‘‘koti.” , 


CALLINECTES MARGINATUS (A. Milne-Edwards). 


Neptunus marginatus A. MILNE-EDwarpbs, Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, X, 1861, 
p. 318, pl. xxx, fig. 2. 
Callinectes marginatus RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XI, 1897, p. 149, and 
synonymy. 
Range.—Bahamas and Florida Keys to Bahia, Brazil; West Africa. 
West African localities—Cape Verde Islands; Bissau (Osorio); 
Liberia; Beyah River, Elmina, Ashantee; Gabun; St. Paul de Loanda. 


CALLINECTES GLADIATOR (Benedict). 


Callinectes tumidus var. gladiator BENEDICT, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, 
p. 537. 
Callinectes tumidus gladiator RATHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 360. 
Callinectes gladiator RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XI, 1897, p. 150. 
West African localities.—Liberia; mouth of Mesurado River, Mon- 
rovia (O. F. Cook); Dakar (O. F. Cook); Beyah River, Elmina, Ash- 
antee; Chinchoxo; Kongo Expedition (Brit. Mus.). 


CALLINECTES LATIMANUS (Rathbun). 


Callinectes latimanus RATHBUN, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XI, 1897, p. 151, text 
figs. 6-8. 
? Neptunus marginatus var. truncata AURIVILLIUS, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XXIV, 
1898, Pt. 4, No.1, p. [5], pl. 1, figs. 1-4. 
West African localities.—Lagos, Bight of Benin, Guinea; Kamerun 
(Aurivillius). 
Genus CHARYBDELLA Rathbun. 


CHARYBDELLA RUBRA (Lamarck). 


Portunus ruber LAMARCK, Hist. Anim. sans Vert., V, 1818, p. 260. 

Cronius ruber Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hi&t. N. Y., VII, 1860, p. 225. 

Goniosoma millerti A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., IV, 1869, 
p. 54, pl. xvui, figs. 1-3.—Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 218. 

Cronius millertti A. MILNE-EDWARDS, Crust. Rég. Mex., 1879, p. 232. 


Range.—Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, to Brazil; Panama; 
Acapulco (Faxon in litt.); West Africa. 


1 Abh. Ber. K. Zool. Mus. Dresden, No. 3, 1891, p. 53. 


202 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


West African localities—Cape St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (A. 
Milne-Edwards); Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); St. 
Thomas (Osorio); Loanda (Osorio). 

Genus LIOCARCINUS Stimpson. 
= Portunus Leach. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS LIOCARCINUS. 


A. Carapace and chelipeds covered with numerous transverse lines of granules 


bordered swith hair’ 533. Se5s ess ace eee eee eee corrugatus 
A’. Carapace and chelipeds not covered with numerous transverse lines of granules 
bordéred with hainifcee a So Ree See ey ee nee si eteneose eee eeecr pusillus 


LIOCARCINUS CORRUGATUS (Pennant). 


Cancer corrugatus PENNANT, Brit. Zool., IV, 1777, p.5. 

Portunus corrugatus Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1802, p. 217.—Mixrs, Ann. Mag. Nat. 
Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 219. 

Portunus strigilis Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X, 1858, p. 38. 


Range.—Europe; West Africa; Japan (Stimpson, Miers); Australia 
(Miers). 
West African localities—Oft Fayal, Azores, 50 to 90 fathoms (Miers) ; 


Canaries (Brullé); St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (Miers); Goree Bay, 
Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers). 


LIOCARCINUS PUSILLUS (Leach). 


Portunus pusillus LEAcH, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XI, 1815, p. 318. 

Range.—EKurope (in the Mediterranean to 450 meters); Azores (Bar- 
rois); West Africa, including islands. 

West African localities.—Canaries (Miers); Goree Bay, Senegambia, 
9 to 15 fathoms (Miers). 

Genus THALAMITA Latreille. 
THALAMITA INTEGRA AFRICANA Miers. 

Thalamita integra var. africana Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 218. 


West African localities—Canary Islands; Goree Bay, Senegambia, 
9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); Saudade, St. Thomas, 750 meters altitude 
(Osorio). 
Family CANCRID. 


Genus ATELECYCLUS Leach. 
ATELECYCLUS ROTUNDATUS (Olivi). 


Cancer rotundatus OLIVI, Zool. Adriat., 1792, p. 47, pl. u, fig. 2. 
Atelecyclus rotundatus Mirrs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 220. 
Range.—Mediterranean; West coast of France; West Africa. 
West African locality.—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers). 


NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 293 


Tribe OX YRHYNCHA. 
Family MAIID 4. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY MATID#, 


A. Eyes without defined orbits. 
1B, ROSEN) Sibi NIG) Sen een oea case Bees Saec coo mess Bese aes > Beene eee Stenorynchus. 
1B, IR@SHRILN WyyO= DUNO Sb ce5 5 Sao6 code oobosd.csaSo5 boa coe ee eueed ~sae! Macropodia. 
A’. Eyes with defined orbits. 
B. Orbits incomplete, with open fissures. 
C. Carapace triangulate; preorbital spines acute, well developed, directed 


CRUEL CHEE br SS oy eee es OTe Gd Sue ea ee ea eR ac Pisa. 

C’. Carapace suboval; branchial regions swollen; preorbital teeth short, 
Wit RS Saad sass Coad Ceo Se Rama O anor Seer Seas Comoe See aes ies Micropisa. 

13’, Oman: Gomnjolloue 235 ssssde6 5 SSccsuds bobs sos sues cobadéas saco5e onde cooU! LOUK NICIs 


Genus STEHENORYNCHUS Lamarck. 
STENORYNCHUS SAGITTARIUS (Fabricius). 


Cancer sagittarius FABRICIUS (part), Ent. Sys. emend. et aucta, II, 1793, p. 442. 
Leptopodia sagittaria LEACH, Zool. Misc., II, 1815, p. 16, pl. 67. 
Stenorynchus sagittarius RATHBUN, Ann. Inst. Jamaica, I, 1897, p. 4. 
Range.—Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 
West Africa. 
West African localities—Madeira Islands; Canary Islands; Cape 
Verde Islands; Senegambia (Herklots); St. Thomas (Osorio). 


Genus MACROPODIA Leach. 
MACROPODIA ROSTRATA (Linnzus). 


Cancer rostratus LINN&ZUS, Fauna Suecica, 1761, p. 492. 
Cancer phalangium PENNANT, Brit. Zool., IV, 1777, p. 8, pl. 1x, fig. 17. 
Stenorynchus phalangium MILNE-EDWaARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1834, p. 279.— 
BELL, Brit. Stalk-eyed Crust., 1853, p. 2, figures. 
Macropodia rostratus STEBBING, Hist. Recent Crust., 1893, p. 105. 
Range.—Kurope; West Africa. 
West African localities—Azores Islands; Madeira Islands; Cape 
Verde Islands; Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers). 


MACROPODIA ROSTRATA SPINULOSA (Miers). 


Stenorhynchus rostratus var. spinulosus Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, 
p. 206. 

Range.—Belfast Bay, Ireland (Miers); Vigo Bay, Spain (Miers); 
West Africa. 

West African locality—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers). 

Anterior legs armed with numerous spinules on the upper and lower 
edges of the arms, wrists, and hands; the fingers, which are dilated 
and laterally compressed, are smooth, and when closed have between 
them, near the base, a wide hiatus. 


294 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Genus PISA Leaeh. 
PISA CARINIMANA Miers. 


Pisa carinimana Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), [V, 1879, p. 11, pl. 1v, fig.6; Ann. 
Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 207. 


West African localities.—Canary Islands (type locality); Goree Bay, 
Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers). 


Genus MICROPISA Stimpson. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS MICROPISA. 


A. Four tubercles in a transverse line on the gastric region. Branchial spines 


pointed. 
B. Carapace considerably longer than wide..........-....---.-----.---- violacea. 
Be Carapace about as; lone ashwide ee y=) seen e eee ee eee eeeee bocagei. 
A’. Three tubercles in a transverse line on the gastric region. Branchial spines 
terminatine inlay butlOness sss see eee aCe Sets eer Eee eee eryophora. 


MICROPISA VIOLACEA A. Milne-Edwards. 


Micropisa violacea A. MILNE-EDWARDsS, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., IV, 1868, 
p. 50, pl. xvi, figs. 3-6. 
Herbstia violacea Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 206. 


West African localities.—Cape St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (A. 


Milne-Edwards); Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); St. 
Thomas (Osorio); Loanda (Osorio); Angola (A. Milne-EKdwards). 


MICROPISA BOCAGEI Osorio. 
Micropisa bocagei OSORIO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, XI, 1887, p. 223. 
West African locality.—Benguela, Angola (Osorio). 
MICROPISA ERYOPHORA Rochebrune. 


Micropisa eryophora ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), VII, 1883, p. 167. 

Herbstia eryophora RATHBUN, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1893, p. 93. 

West African localities—Mouth of the Gambia and of the Casa- 
mance (Rochebrune). 


Genus LIBINIA Leach. 
LIBINIA DUBIA Milne-Edwards. 


Libinia dubia MILNE-EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1834, p. 300, pl. x1v bis, fig. 
2.—STREETS, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1870, p. 104. ~ 

Range.—Massachusetts to Texas; West Africa (Streets). 

I have recently come to the conclusion that certain forms usually 
considered varieties of L. dubia are distinct. These are L. distincta 
Guérin, Capello (not von Martens) and L. rhomboidea Streets = L. inflata 
Streets = UL. distincta von Martens (type examined). A specimen of 
the former is in the United States National Museum from Charlotte 
Harbor, Florida (Cat. No. 15203, U.S.N.M.), and of the latter from 
Merida, Yucatan (Cat. No. 2169, U.S.N.M.). 


No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 295 


Family PARTHENOPID. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY PARTHENOPIDA., 


A. Carapace not laterally expanded so as to conceal the ambulatory legs-.Zambrus. 
A’. Carapace more or less expanded to form a vault in which the ambulatory legs 
GR COMCECHIC occ tes eodb aa eeusss eoceesdoode oper es Cp acoGsEeces Heterocrypta. * 


Genus LAMBRUS Leach. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS LAMBRUS. 


Ae Oarapacemuchy widersbhan Lome sere tssmseiesiaisisis ereisieicies/=\-leis cs e)ei-ie)6 macrochelos. 
A’. Carapace nearly as long as wide. 
B. Carapace very convex and tuberculated.......-. Dae pare eee ers Massend. 
B’. Carapace more depressed and sparingly granulated...--.....-----. bicarinatus. 


LAMBRUS MACROCHELOS (Herbst). 


Cancer macrochelos HERBST, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, {, 1790, p. 254, pl. x1x, 
fig. 107. 
Lambrus mediterraneus Roux, Crust. Médit., 1828, p. (20), pl. 1. 
Lambrus macrocheles ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VII, 1893, p. 414. 
Range.—Mediterranean Sea; West Africa. 
West African locality.—Liberia, 49 fathoms (Studer). 


LAMBRUS MASSENA Roux. 


Lambrus massena Roux, Crust. Médit., 1828, p. (25), pl. x x111, figs. 7-12. 

Lambrus (Parthenopoides) massena Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, 
p. 207. 

Lambrus (Parthenolambrus) massena MIERs, Challenger Rept., Zool., XVII, 1886, 
p- 100. 


Range.—Mediterranean; West Coast of France; Azores (Barrois); 
Azores, off Fayal, 50 to 90 fathoms (Miers); West Africa. 

West African localities.—Canaries; St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands 
(Miers); Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers). 


Variety GOREENSIS Miers. 


Lambrus massena var. goreensis MIERS, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 
374= Variety Spinifer, idem., p. 208. 

Differs from typical massena in having the prominent tubercles of the 
gastric, cardiac, and branchial regions developed into blunt spines. A 
Similar spine exists near the distal end of the upper surface of the arm, 
and the upper surface of the palms is strongly granulated and tuber- 
culated (Miers). 

West African locality. Goree Island, Senegambia (Miers). 


Variety ATLANTICA Miers. 


Lambrus massena var. atlanticus Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 
208; Challenger Rept., Zool., XVII, 1886, p. 100. 


Front much less prominent than in typical forms, more deflexed and 
rounded at its distal end; the regions of the carapace less convex and 


296 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vor. XXIL 


less prominently granulated, with the interspaces and the sides 
toward the lateral margins also more or less granulated; arm gen- 
erally shorter (Miers). 

West African localities.—St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (Miers); 
Goree Island, Senegambia (Miers). 


LAMBRUS BICARINATUS Miers. 


Lambrus (Parthenopoides) bicarinatus M1iERs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, 
p- 208. 

Lambrus (Parthenolambrus) bicarinatus Mirrs, Challenger Rept., Zool., XVII, 
1886, p. 99. 


West African localities.—Canary Islands (Miers); Goree Island, Sene- 
gambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers). 


Genus HETEROCRYPTA Stimpson. 


HETEROCRYPTA MALTZANI Miers. 


Heterocrypta maltzami M1ERs, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 209, pl. xii, 
fig. 1. 

Heterocrypta maltzani MieRS, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 374; Chal- 
lenger Rept., Zool., XVII, 1886, p. 103. 


Range.—Bay of Toulon, 455 meters (A. Milne-Edwards); Fayal, 
Azores, 50 to 90 fathoms; Azores, 450 fathoms; West Africa. 

West African locality.—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers). 


Tribe OX YSTOMA TA: 


Family CALAPPID®. 


Genus CALAPPA Fabricius. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CALAPPA. 


A. Carapace with a deep hollow on either side of the gastric region. Posterior 

teeth of clypeiform expansion broad and shallow ...--..-.----..----- gallus. 

A’. Carapace without a deep hollow on either side of the gastric region. Posterior 
teeth of clypeiform expansion elongate, spiniform. 

B. Lateral teeth of clypeiform expansion three. Carapace marked with patches 

of blood red. 

C. Lateral and postero-lateral teeth of clypeiform expansion longer than broad. 

rubroguttata. 

C’. Lateral and postero-lateral teeth of clypeiform expansion broader than long. 

granulata. 

B’. Lateral teeth of clypeiform expansion four. Carapace narrower than the pre- 

Ceding a Loci Bee etcetera ce er ote es Dg ee es ares ee pelti. 


No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 297 


CALAPPA GALLUS (Herbst). 


Cancer gallus HERBST, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, III, 1803, Pt. 3, pp. 18, 46, 
pl. Lv, fig. 1. 

Cancer (Calappa) gallus LATREILLE, Regne Anim. Cuvier, III, 1817, p. 24. 

Calappa galloides Stimpson, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., VII, 1859, p. 71. 


Range.—Islands of the Pacific and Indian oceans; Red Sea; West 
Africa; Florida Keys; Jamaica; Curacao; Bahia, Brazil. 

West African localities—Cape Verde Islands (Paris Mus.), Guinea 
(Copenhagen Museum), St. Thomas (Osorio), Benguela (Osorio). 


CALAPPA GRANULATA (Linnzus). 


Cancer granulatus LINN&US, Sys. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, p. 627; 12th ed., I, Pt. 2, 
1767, p. 1043 (type). 
Cancer (Calappa) granulatus CUVIER, Hist. Nat. Anim., 1798, p. 459. 
Calappa granulata CAPELLO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, III, 1870, p. 130. 
Range.—Mediterranean; Portugal; Azores; West Africa; Japan, 
(Barrois). 
West African localities.—Canaries (Brullé); Angola (Capello); Ben- 
guela (Osorio). 


CALAPPA RUBROGUTTATA Herklots. 


Calappa rubroguttata HERKLOTS, Addit. Fauna Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 11. 
Calappa bocagei CAPELLO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, ITI, 1870, p. 130, pl. 11, fig. 3. 


West African localities.—Near Boutry, Guinea (Herklots); Princes 
Island (Osorio); St. Thomas Island (Osorio); Gabun (Paris Mus.); 
Angola (Capello); Benguela and Bay of Mossamedes (Osorio). 


CALAPPA PELII Herklots. 


Calappa pelii HERKLOTS, Addit. Fauna Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 12. 


West African locality—Near Boutry, Guinea (Herklots). 


Family MA’TUTIDA. 
Genus HEPATUS Latreille. 


HEPATUS PRINCEPS (Herbst). 


Cancer princeps HERBST, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, II, 1794, p. 154, pl. xxxvIII, 
fig 2. 

Calappa angustata FABRICIUS, Entom. Syst., Suppl., 1798, p. 347. 

Hepatus fasciatus LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Crust., V, 1803, p. 388. 


Range.—F rom Georgia to Brazil; West Africa; Cape of Good Hope 
(Herklots); East Indies (Herbst). 
West African locality.—Guinea (Copenhagen Museum). 


298 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII 


Family LEUCOSIID2?. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY LEUCOSIID. 


A. Merus of external maxillipeds more than half the length of the ischium measured 
along the inner border; fingers stout, gradually narrowing from base to tip. 
B. Carapace subglobular, convex, the regions usually not distinctly delimited, 


but merged into the general convexity....-...--.------------------ Philyra. 
B’. Carapace polygonal; surface broken or nodular; regions delimited by grooves 
Oe macebRaes Ge ly oo6 so. Ses co soosse coseco ec saos se oees os bodses = Ebalia. 


A’. Merus of external maxillipeds half or less than half the length of the ischium 
measured along the inner border; fingers slender, almost of same diameter 
THeONEN LISS). WO WYO cacGas ecdahe coodoe ba90de b65550 ou So0 douche coueSS So Leucosia. 


Genus PHILYRA Leaeh. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PHILYRA. 


A. Carapace with a lateral dorsal crest .-----.-----.----.---+-. ------------ cristata 
A’. Carapace without a lateral dorsal crest ...-..-..---.----.---------- levidorsalis. 


PHILYRA CRISTATA Miers. 


Philyra cristata Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 263, pl. xv, fig 1. 


West African locality.—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers). 
PHILYRA LAVIDORSALIS Miers. 
Philyra levidorsalis Mrmrs, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 264, pl. xv, fig. 2. 


West African locality.—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers). 


Genus EBALIA Leach. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS EBALIA. 


A. Exognath of outer maxilliped reaching the distal end of the merus of the 


endognath .. 0.2 <2 orn oe ie ele arias ie minim wm am am aleinie) aal afinis. 
A’. Exognath of outer maxilliped not reaching the distal end of the merus of the 
GiGloyaneily 2h o5 Seo5su 66 Geauesooab descue pagoon cecanocd ceases ocgccuc tuberculata. 


EBALIA TUBERCULATA Miers. 
Ebalia tuberculata Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 266, pl. xv, fig. 3. 


West African locality.—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers). 
EBALIA AFFINIS Miers. 
Ebalia afinis Mrers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 268, pl. xtv, fig. 4. 


West African locality—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers). 


No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AHRICA—RATHBUON. 299 


Genus LEUCOSIA Fabricius. 


LEUCOSIA SPINOSA (Miers). 
Ilia spinosa Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 265, pl. xv, fig. 3. 


West African localities.—Canary Islands; Goree Bay, Senegambia, 
9 to 15 fathoms (Miers). 


Family DORIPPID®. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY DORIPPID2. 


A. The anterior extremity of the buccal cavern passes between the antennules to or 
even beyond the tip of the front; the afferent branchial apertures are 
situated in front of the bases of the chelipeds, a bridge of the carapace 
TUDNICIAYEND Sc oece csoaa5 6565e5 a Soess Sonees Ga a50—0 boo5es sodene Soacdeesee Dorippe. 

A’. The anterior extremity of the buccal cavern either stops at, or does not reach as 
far as the basal joint of the antennules; the afferent branchial openings are 
situated immediately in front of the bases of the chelipeds ........... Hthusa. 


Genus DORIPPE Fabricius. 


DORIPPE ARMATA Miers. 
Dorippe armata WHITE, Manuscript, MIERS, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 
269, pl. xv, fig. 4. 


West African localities—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers); Island of St. Thomas (Osorio); Kongo Expedition (White’s 
type); Benguela (Osorio). | 


Genus ETHUSA Roux. 


ETHUSA MASCARONE (Herbst). 
Cancer mascarone HERBST, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, I, 1785, p. 191, pl. Xt, 
fig. 69. 
Ethusa mascarone Roux, Crust. Médit.,; 1828 [p. 83], pl. x vit. 
Range of typical form.—Mediterranean; West Africa. 
West African localities.—Canary Islands (Miers); Goree Bay, Sene- 
gambia, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers). 


Family RANINID As. 


Genus RANINA Lamarek. 


RANINA RANINA (Linnzus). 


Cancer raninus LINN2ZUS, Sys. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, p. 625. 
Ranina serrata LAMARCK, DESMAREST. 
Ranina dentata LATREILLE, MILNE-EDWARDS. 


Range.—Oriental region; West Africa (Osorio). 
West African locality.—Island of St. Thomas (Osorio, 1887). 


In 1889 Osorio expresses doubt as to the correctness of the label ‘St. 
Thomas.” 


300 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII 


Tribe ANOMALA. 
Family DROMID Zé. 


Genus DROMIA Fabricius. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS DROMIA. 


A. Front simple. 


Be -Antero-lateralimaroinjenbtine seeeae senate see ee eee eee eae eee Sulvohispida. 
B’. Antero-lateral margin four-toothed ..-......--...--.- .----..--------- vulgaris. 
ACE Eom tb bwWiO-S pin Ode S27 se Sete aes Ne ees es rene eras een ss valerie aust spinirostris. 


DROMIA VULGARIS Milne-Edwards. 
Dromia vulgaris MILNE-EDWaRrDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 173, pl. xx1, 
figs. 5-8. 
Range.—Mediterranean; Atlantic coast of Europe; West African 
islands. 
West African islands.—Canaries (Brullé); Princes Island, and St. 
Thomas Island (Osorio); St. Helena (Bate). 


DROMIA FULVOHISPIDA Miers. 


Dromia fulvohispida Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 270, pl. xv1, fig. 1. 


West African locality—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers). 
DROMIA SPINIROSTRIS Miers. 
Dromia spinirostris Miers, Ann, Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 271, pl. xv1, 
fig. 2. 

West African localities.—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers); Princes Island and St. Thomas Island (with a piece of wood 
on its back) (Osorio). 

Suborder MACRURA. 


Tribe HIPPIDA. 
Family HIPPIDA. 


Genus HIPPA Fabricius. 
HIPPA CUBENSIS (Saussure). 


Remipes cubensis SAUSSURE, Rev. Mag. Zool. (2), IX, 1857, p. 503. 
Remipes scutellatus Mimrs, Jour. Linn. Soc. London, XIV, 1879, p. 319. (Not 
Hippa scutellata Fabricius, 1793.) 

Range.—Florida Keys to Brazil; Bermuda (Henderson); West Africa 
and adjacent islands. 

West African localities—Cape Verde Islands (Studer, Miers, Cun- 
ningham, Henderson); Dahomey (Osorio); St. Thomas (Osorio); Isla 
das Rolas (Osorio); Quinchoxo (Studer); Ascension Island (Miers, 
Benedict). 


No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 301 


The generic name Hippa has here a different signification from that 
commonly indicated. Hippa was established by Fabricius in 1787.! 
Five species were assigned to it, one of which should still remain in the 
genus. Of these five species four were removed in 1798 by Fabricius 
himself to other genera, namely, the species symnista, dorsipes, and 
scabra to Albunea, and the species variolosa to Symethis=Zanclifer 
Henderson, 1888. The single original species, adactyla, left by Fabri- 
cius in the genus Hippa, should be regarded as the type of the genus. 
This species was later made the type of the genus Remipes by Latreille, 
1806, under the name Remipes testudinarius.  Remipes, therefore, 
becomes a synonym of Hippa. 


Tribe PAGURIDEA. 
Family CQANOBITID 4. 


Genus CC NOBITA Latreille. 
CG! NOBITA RUBESCENS Greeff. 


Cenobita rugosus GREEFF, SB. Ges. Beford. Naturw. Marburg, 1882, No. 2, ». 28 
(not Milne-Edwards). 

Cenobita rubescens GREEFF, SB. Ges. Beférd. Naturw. Marburg, 1884, No. 2, p.53.— 
Osorio, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, XI, 1887, p. 222. 

West African islands.—St. Thomas Island (Greeff, Osorio); Rolas 
(Greeff, Osorio). Apparently one species only inhabits these islands, 
and was designated first by Greeff as C. rugosus Milne-Edwards, and 
later as a distinct species, C. rubescens Greeff. Osorio records it under 
both names. 

According to Greeff, these hermits on the island of St. Thomas 
inhabit many different kinds of shells as well as the tests of the sea 
urchins, Hchinometra subangularis and Hipponoe esculenta. They are 
numerous near the beaches, but migrate into the interior, distributing 
and misplacing their marine shells over the whole island, as the growth 
of the inhabitant or the injury to the shell requires its abandonment. 
In such cases they often take refuge in land shells, and returning sea- 
ward scatter these again far from the place where they have arisen and 
properly occur. For example, hermits were found on the beach at the 
mouth of a river in land shells, which naturally do not occur on the 
island at less than 800 meters altitude. 

Osorio found some examples living in the grains of a palm, Hlais 
guineensis. 

Family PAGURID 2. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY PAGURIDX. 


A. Pleon soft and membranaceous, imperfectly segmented. 
B. First and second abdominal segments without genital appendages. 
C. Fifth leg of male on left side without an appendage at base. 
D. No movable rostriform process. 


' Mantissa Insectorum, pp. 329, 330. 


302 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. 


E. Chelipeds very unequal and dissimilar. 
F, Left cheliped the larger. Third maxillipeds approximate at base. 
Petrochirus. 
F’. Right cheliped the larger. Third maxillipeds distant at base.. Pagurus. 
Ki’. Chelipeds equal or subequal, and similar. 


F. Dactyli of second and third pairs of feet not twisted - ..--. Clibanarius. 
F’. Dactyli of second and third pairs of feet twisted..-.-.------ Isocheles. 
D’. A movable rostriform process between the eye stalks. Left cheliped the 
IEWRGR Whee Shades ond a55 Seb Soobos pao meo Load unaboueoSooS oa0oOs Diogenes. 
C.’ Fifth leg of male on left side with an appendage at base. 
D. Appendage more or less spirally twisted ...----.-.---..----- Spiropagurus. 
1D’. Appendage short and curved.-.......-..-.-----.-----.-------- Anapagurus. 
B’. First and second abdominal segments provided with genital appendages. 
Paguristes. 
A’. Pleon composed of seven distinct segments -......-.-.Glaucothoe, a larval form. 


Genus PETROCHIRUS Stimpson. 
(Includes Pagurus Stimpson. ) 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PETROCHIRUS. 


A. Hands with an oval cavity on the upper surface near the inner margin. - cavitarius. 
A’. Hands without an oval cavity on the upper surface near the inner margin. 
B. Upper surface of propodus of large cheliped more or less spinous. 
C. Upper surface of propodus of large cheliped crossed obliquely by rough striz. 


D. Strie spinous only toward their inner side --...-...-..-......----arrosor. 

D’. Strie spinous throughout their length -..-.......-..... arrosor pectinatus. 

C.’ Upper surface of propodus of large cheliped with spines arranged partly in 
lo oeatiqnclbneE Os) Sok ose obblego cou coegdccdox onlesiggcans coos: pustulatus. 

B’ Upper surface of propodus of large cheliped covered with small irregular 
plates overlapping like tiles -.......-....--..--.----....-granulimanus. 


PETROCHIRUS ARROSOR (Herbst). 


Cancer arrosor HERBsT, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, II, 1796, p. 170, pl. XLItI, fig. 1. 

Pagurus strigosus Bosc, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1802, p. 77, pl. x1, fig. 3. 

Pagurus striatus LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Crust., VI, 1803, p. 163. 

The type of this species is preserved in the Berlin Museum. 

Range.—Mediterranean; Portugal; West Africa, including islands; 
Japan (de Haan); Zebu, Philippines (Henderson); off Tablas Island, 
100 to 115 fathoms (Henderson). 

West African localities.—Madeira (Stimpson, Miers, Studer); Cape 
Verde Islands, 47 fathoms (Studer); Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 
fathoms (Miers); Dakar to 8 meters, Goree, 15 meters, and Rufisque, 6 
meters (Chevreux and Bouvier). 


PETROCHIRUS ARROSOR PECTINATUS Ortmann. 
Pagurus striatus var. pectinata ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1892, p. 284, 
pl. x11, fig. 10. 
Range.—Brazil (Ortmann) ; Dakar, Senegal (O. F. Cook, collector). 
In this form, which may prove to be a distinct species, the last two 
joints of the third foot of the left side have a longitudinal median sulcus 
on the outer surface much deeper than in any specimens of typical P. 
arrosor. 


NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 303 


PETROCHIRUS GRANULIMANUS (Miers). 


Pagurus granulimanus Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 276, pl. xv1, 
fig. 3.—CHEVREUX and BouvikR, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI, 1891, p. 254; 
Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 116, pl. 111, figs. 11-15. 


West African localities.—Cape Verde Islands (Milne-Edwards and 
Bouvier); Dakar, Goree, and Rufisque (Chevreux and Bouvier); Goree 
Bay, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); Dakar (O. F. Cook, collector); Sene- 
gambia (Ortmann). 


PETROCHIRUS CAVITARIUS Osorio. 


Petrochirus ? cavitarius OSORIO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, XI, 1887, p. 228. 
Petrochirus cavitarius Osorio, Jor. Sci. Lisboa (2), I, 1889, p. 139. 


West African localities—Cape Verde Islands; Princes Island; 
Loanda; Angola (Osorio). 
PETROCHIRUS PUSTULATUS (Milne-Edwards). 


Pagurus pustulatus MILNE-EDWARDs, Ann. Sci. Nat. (3), X, 1848, p. 60. 

Eupagurus ? pustulatus STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X, 1858, p. 238. 

Petrochirus pustulatus CHEVREUX and BOUVIER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI, 
1891, p. 254; Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 112, pl. 10, figs. 6-10. 


West African localities.—Goree (Milne-Edwards); Dakar (Chevreux 
and Bouvier), 


Genus PAGURUS Fabricius. 
= EKupagurus Brandt, 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PAGURUS. 


A. Upper surface of right cheliped with a median longitudinal ridge. 


B. Ridge prominent; depressions deep and relatively smooth .---...-.. excavatus. 
B’. Ridge low; depressions shallow and granulate ..--...----..---.. sculptimanus. 
g' , dep s I 
A’. Upper surface of right cheliped without ridges. 
Be Hand much longer than wide \22224--5--2..-s25+ 22-2. 2-2-2 hss eee ee: inermis. 
‘3B’. Hand as wide as long (in the palmar portion) .--.-....----...---- triangularis. 


PAGURUS EXCAVATUS (Herbst). 


Cancer excavatus HERBST, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, II, 1791, p. 31, pl. x x11, fig. 8. 
Pagurus angulatus Risso, Crust. Nice, 1816, p. 58, pl. 1, fig. 8. 

Pagurus excavatus WHITE, List Crust. Brit. Mus., 1847, p. 59. 

Eupagurus angulatus STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., X, 1858, p. 237. 

Range.—Mediterranean; Bay of Biscay; Goree Bay, Senegal, 9 to 
15 fathoms (Miers). 

I have not attempted to give the complete synonymy of this species. 
From the series of specimens in the U. 8S. National Museum, I judge 
that P. meticulosus Roux is distinct from P. excavatus (Herbst). It is 
probable that this last should be called P. alatus Fabricius, described 
from Iceland, in 1775; type not extant. 


304 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


PAGURUS SCULPTIMANUS (Lucas). 


Lupagurus sculplimanus Lucas, Expl. Sci. Algérie, Zool., I, Crust., 1846, p.32, pl.11, 
fig. 6. -CHEVREUX and Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI, 1891, p. 253; 
Mém. Soe. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 104, pl. 11, figs. 18-20. 

Range.—Mediterranean; West Africa. 


West African localities. alyeadeie and Canaries (Milne- Edwards and 
Bouvier); Bay of Goree, 15 meters (Chevreux and Bouvier). 


PAGURUS TRIANGULARIS (Chevreux and Bouvier). 


Eupagurus triangularis CHEVREUX and BOUVIER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI 
1891, p. 253; Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 93, pl. 1, figs. 9-15. 


West African localities—Cape Verde Islands (Milne-Edwards and 
Bouvier); Bay of Dakar, 8 meters (Chevreux and Bouvier). 


PAGURUS? INERMIS (Chevreux and Bouvier). 


EHupagurus? inermis CHEVREUX and BOUVIER, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892 
p. 109, pl. 111, figs. 1-5. 


West African locality—Bay of Dakar, 8 meters (Chevreux and 
Bouvier). 


Genus CLIBANARIUS Dana. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CLIBANARIUS. 


A. Dactyli of second and third pairs of feet shorter than propodi. 
B. Claws covered with short conical spines or tubercles. 
C7 Ambulatory feet pune tate-2 see ses se eee eee eisai ee eeeiecer senegalensis. 
C’. Ambulatory feet not punctate....-...----.------------.---------- equabilis. 
B’. Claws covered with flat granulated scales.....-...-..----.--..-------- melitat. 
A’. Dactyli of second and third pairs of feet longer than propodi. 
B. Second and third pairs of feet diagonally banded. 


C. Propodi of second and third pairs of feet short, less than tives times as loug 


AS W1de sso US aus VISAS Seen see Sep se eee ere ers) sirens emer ers africanus. 


C’. Propodi long and slender, more than three times as long as wide... virescens. 
B’. Second and third pairs of feet not banded nor striped. 

C. Movable finger of cheliped the length of the palm ...---. clibanarius, variety ~ 

C’. Movable finger longer than the palm (measured along inner margin) -.- cooki. 


CLIBANARIUS AEQUABILIS Dana. 


Clibanarius equabilis Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., I, 1852, p. 464; 1855, pl. 


XxXIx, fig. 4.—AuRIviuLius, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XXIV, 1898, p. 12, 
pl. rv, fig. 8. 


Range.—Tahiti (Dana); West Africa and islands. 
West African localities—Madeira (Dana, Stimpson); Porto Praya, 


Cape Verde Islands(Dana); Princes Island (Osorio; identification doubt- 
ful); Kamerun, not far from Bibundi, in the sea (Aurivillius). 


CLIBANARIUS SENEGALENSIS Chevreux and Bouvier. 


Clibanarius senegalensis CHEVREUX and BouvisER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI, 
1891, p. 256; Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 131, pl. rv, figs. 7-11. 


West Africa.—Dakar, Senegal (Chevreux and Bouvier). 


NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 305 


CLIBANARIUS MELITAI Chevreux and Bouvier. 


Clibanarius melitat CHEVREUX and BouvikEr, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI, 1891, 
p. 255; Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 135, pl. 1v, figs. 1-6. 
West Africa.—Dakar, Senegal (Chevreux and Bouvier). 


CLIBANARIUS COOKI, new species. 


Allied to C. cubensis (Saussure) = C. sclopetarius Stimpson, not Herbst. 
Eyes long and slender; second and third pairs of feet not striped. 

In most of its characters this species resembles C. cubensis of the 
eastern coast of America. The anterior part of the carapace is pro- 
portionally shorter than in that species. The eyes, 
though longer and slenderer than in other West 
African species, are shorter than in cubensis; they 
reach slightly beyond the peduncles of the antenne 
and antennule. Peduncles of antennule very lit- 
tle longer than those of the an- 
tenn. Lastsegment of peduncle 
of antenne more slender than in 
cubensis. 

Chelipeds, as in cubensis, equal. fern rane 
The penultimate segments of the — Puaric appeNDAGEs,Dor- 
ainpulatonys lees, are) Marrower sets =. 
than in cubensis. These legs are 
without stripes or bands of color; otherwise they re- 
semble those of cubensis. The dactylus of the second 
leg is about as long as its propodus and one-third its 
Fic. 2.—Ciipanakius carpus; that of the third leg as long as its propodus 

COOKI. LEFT LEG ° F 
or seconp parr, 0d two-thirds its carpus. 
OUTER FACE. Two- Color in alcohol.—Carapace yellowish; legs yellow- 
ae NATURAL ish red. 
Dimensions.—Male: Length of anterior portion of 
carapace, 13.8 mm.; width of same, 11.5 mm.; length of eyestalk, 11 
mm.; length of dactylus of first ambulatory, 20.5 mm. 

Type locality.—Mouth of Mesurado River, Monrovia; O. F. Cook, 

collector; one male (Cat. No. 22156, U.S.N.M.). 


CLIBANARIUS AFRICANUS Aurivillius. 


Clitanarius africanus AURIVILLIUS, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XXIV, 1898, p. 12, 
pl. Iv, fig. 7. 
West African locality—Kamerun; in river at Bibundi, in shells of 
brackish-water snails; Kitta. (Aurivillius.) 


CLIBANARIUS VIRESCENS (Krauss). 
Pagurus virescens KRAUSS, Die Sudafr. Crust., 1843, p. 56, pl. rv, fig. 3. 
Clibanarius virescens DANA, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., I, 1852, p. 466. 
Range.—Natal coast (Krauss); the Zaire or Kongo (Osorio); Fijis, 
Balabac Passage and Sooloo Sea (Dana; identification doubtful). 
roe: NaMe vole xxit 20 


306 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII 


CLIBANARIUS CLIBANARIUS (Herbst). 


Cancer clibanarius Hersst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, II, 1791, p.20, pl. xxi, 
fig. 1. 
Clibanarius vulgaris Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., I, 1852, p. 462. 
“Clibaunarius vulgaris (HERBST) var.?,” THALLWITZ, Abh. u. Ber. K. Zool. Mus., 
Dresden, 1890-91 [1891] No. 3, p. 33. 
Range.—Oriental region; Africa. 
African localities. —Ogove (Thallwitz); Angola or the Kongo (Osorio) ; 
South Africa (Krauss). 


Genus ISOCHELES Stimpson. — 


ISOCHELES ? GRACILIS Miers. 


Tsocheles ? gracilis Mirrs, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 277, pl. xvt, fig. 4. 


West African locality.—Goree Bay, Senegambia, 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers). 


Genus DIOGENES Dana. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS DIOGENES. 


A. Carpus and palm of left cheliped oblong, much longer than wide. 
B. Large hand with an oblique spinulous crest on its outer face ...... brevirostris. 
B’. Large hand without an oblique spinulous crest on its outer face... pugilator. 
A’. Carpus and palm broad, the carpus subtriangular, the palm broader than 
aos ayaa eatin 3 eRe este Cec el SA cae ot ad meta ae RR ib AES Of denticulatus. 


DIOGENES PUGILATOR (Roux). 


Pagurus pugilator Roux, Crust. Médit., 1828, pl. x1v, figs. 3, 4. 
Diogenes varians Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 272. 
Diogenes pugilator BOUVIER, Mém. Soc. Zool. France, 1V, 1891, p. 396. 

Range-—From England to Kotonou, on the coast of Gabun; Medi- 
terranean; Black Sea. 

West African localities—Senegal: Goree Bay, 9 to 15 fathoms 
(Miers); Bay of Dakar (Chevreux and Bouvier); Rufisque (Bouvier). 
Monrovia and Liberia (Bouvier). Kotonou, Gabun (Chevreux and 
Bouvier). 


Variety OVATA Miers. 
Diogenes varians var. ovata Mizrs, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 274. 


West Africa.—Goree Bay, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); Bay of Dakar, 
5 and 8 meters (Chevreux and Bouvier); Senegambia (Ortmann). 


Variety GRACILIMANA Miers. 


Diogenes varians var. gracilimana Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 274. 


West Africa.—Goree Bay, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); Kotonou, Gabun 
(Milne-Edwards and Bouvier). 


NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 307 


Variety INTERMEDIA Bouvier. 
Diogenes pugilator var. intermedia BOUVIER, in Chevreux and Bouvier, Mém, 
Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 122. 
West Africaa—Bay of Dakar, 8 meters (Chevreux and Bouvier); 
Monrovia (Milne-Edwards and Bouvier); Liberia (Bouvier); Kotonou, 
Gabun (Bouvier). 


_ DIOGENES BREVIROSTRIS Stimpson. 
Diogenes brevirostris STIMPSON, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., X, 1858, p. 245. 
African localities—Porto Praya, Cape Verde Islands (Studer); 
Monrovia (Studer); Simons Bay, 12 fathoms (Stimpson); Simons Bay, 
10 to 20 fathoms (Henderson); Cape of Good Hope (Ortmann). 


DIOGENES DENTICULATUS Chevreux and Bouvier. 


Diogenes denticulatus CHEVREUX and Bouvier, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI, 
1891, p. 254; Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p.122, pl. 111, figs. 16-20. 


West African localities.—Rufisque, Senegal (Chevrenx and Bouvier); 
mouth of Mesurado River, Monrovia (O. I’. Cook, collector). 


Genus SPIROPAGURUS Stimpson. 
SPIROPAGURUS ELEGANS Miers. 
Spiropagurus elegans Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 278, pl. xv1, fig. 5. 
West African localities.—Off Gomera, Canaries, 78 fathoms (Hender- 
son); Goree Bay, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); Goree, 15 meters (Chevreux 
and Bouvier). 


Genus ANAPAGURUS Henderson. 
ANAPAGURUS CURVIDACTYLUS Chevreux and Bouvier. 


Anapagurus curvidactylus CHEVREUX and BOUVIER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI, 
1891, p. 253; Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p.91, pl. 11, figs. 2-8. 


West African localities —Bay of Dakar, 8 meters; west of Goree, 15 
meters (Chevreux and Bouvier). 


Genus PAGURISTES Dana. 
PAGURISTES HISPIDUS Milne-Edwards and Bouvier. 
Paguristes hispidus MILNE-EDWARDS and BOuvVIER, Ann. Sci. Nat. (7), Zool., XIII, 
1892, p. 208. 
West Africa.—Liberia (Milne-Edwards and Bouvier). 


Genus GLAUCOTHOE Milne-Edwards. 
GLAUCOTHOE CARINATA Henderson. 


Glaucothoe carinata HENDERSON, Challenger Rept., XX VII, 1888, p. 84, pl. 1x, fig. 
1.—CHEVREUX and BouviER, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, XVI, 1891, p. 256; 
Mém. Soc. Zool. France, V, 1892, p. 138, pl.1v, figs. 12-24. 
West African localities.—Coast of Sahara, 80 meters; Goree, 15 meters; 
Rufisque, 6 meters (Chevreux and Bouvier); Arguin Bank (Milne- 
Edwards and Bouvier). 


308 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Tribe PORCELLANIDEA. 


Family PORCELLANID 2A. 


Genus PORCELLANA Lamarck. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PORCELLANA. 


A. Carapace Smoothie. 2 x25 sans e eos See er eee ee eee ec eee speciosa. 

A’. Carapace marked with prominent lines. 
B. Front little inclined and with straight border -.....-..--..--.------.- mattost. 
B’. Front inflected. Hands covered above with small granules disposed in 
STOUPS. 2.5 See LEDS Salas Se i nee ee NE rep he etee emer eerae bella. 


PORCELLANA SPECIOSA Dana. 


Porcellana speciosa DaNa, Crust. U. 8S. Expl. Exped., I, 1852, p. 417; 1855, pl. 
XXVI, fig. 8. 


Range.—Pacific Ocean: Drummond Island, Kingsmills Group; 
Wakes Island; Mangsi Islands, Balabac Straits; Raraka, Paumotu 
Archipelago. West Africa. 

West African localities.—Princes Island (Osorio); St. Thomas Island 
(Osorio). 

PORCELLANA MATTOSI Osorio. 
Porcellana mattosi OSORIO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, XI, 1887, p. 229. 


West African locality.x—Loanda (Osorio). 
PORCELLANA BELLA Osorio. 


Porcellana bella Osorio, Jor. Sci. Lisboa, XI, 1887, p. 229. 
West African locality—Loanda (Osorio). 


deribe: BE AIZAS SEND EASE 
Family CALLIANASSID 2. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY CALLIANASSIDA. 


A. Second pair of feet minutely chelate........-.-.-.--..-.---.---.---+ Callianassa. 
A’, Second pair of feet not chelate.........-...-...-..------------------- Upogebia. 


Genus CALLIANASSA Leach. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CALLIANASSA. 


Me Rostrumiplree-splme dese ates sa esse eer ene sie seer tera eee eereets turnerana. 
A’. Rostrum five-spined.....-..---.---.---- SS cas BS fe oee ceretee cease areas diademata. 


CALLIANASSA TURNERANA White. 


Callianassa turnerana WHITE, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1861, p. 42, pl. VI.— 
A. M1ILnE-Epwarbs, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, VI, 1870, p. 89. 


West Africa.—Kamerun (White, A. Milne-Edwards). 


No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 309 


cc] 


CALLIANASSA DIADEMATA Ortmann. 
Callianassa diademata ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., VI, 1891, p. 56, pl. 1, fig. 11. 
Range.—Africa, probably West Africa (Ortmann). 
Genus UPOGEBIA Leach. 
UPOGEBIA FURCATA (Aurivillius). 


Gebia furcata AURIVILLIUS, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XXIV, 1898, p. 13, pl. 1, 
figs. 5-7. 


West African locality.—In decaying fragments of wood, rivers of 
Bibundi, Kamerun (Aurivillius). 


Tribe LORICATA. 
Family SCYLLARID 4. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY SCYLLARIDA. 


A. Exognath of external maxillipeds with a flagellum; rostrum prominent. 


Scyllarides. 
A’. Exognath of external maxillipeds without a flagellum; rostrum very short, 
TRUM CA Sodson causes eaSase osesan Ga vooo Senco coc oed Hope sccsooeeuosss Scyllarus. 


Genus SCYLLARUS Fabricius. 
SCYLLARUS ARCTUS PARADOXUS Miers. 


Scyllarus (Arctus) arctus var. paradoxus Miers, Ann. Mag. N. H. (5), VIII, 1881, 
p. 364. 

West African localities.—Goree Bay, Senegal, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers). 
The typical form of this species is found not only in western and 
southern Europe, and at Madeira, the Canaries, and Azores (Mus. 
Comp. Zool.), but there are specimens in the U.S. National Museum 
from off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, 49 fathoms (Albatross station 
2596), from Pensacola, Florida, and from Mazatlan, Pacific coast of 
Mexico. It is quite distinct from S. americanus (Smith) = S. gundlachi 

von Martens, of the West Indian region. 


Genus SCYLLARIDES Gill. 
SCYLLARIDES LATUS (Latreille). 


Scyllarus latus LATREILLE, Hist. Nat. Crust., VI, 1803, p. 182. 
Scyllarus herklotsii PEL, in Herklots, Addit. Fauna Afr. Oce., 1851, p. 14, pl. 1, 
figs. 14, 15. 
Scyllarus dehaanit HERKLOTs, Addit. Fauna Afr. Oce., 1851, p. 14, pl. u, figs. 12, 13. 
Range.—Mediterranean ; Portugal; Azores (U.S.N.M.); West Africa, 
including islands; Cuba (von Martens). 
West African localities.—Canaries (Milne-Edwards); near Boutry, 
Guinea (Herklots); St. Helena (Bate). 


eS 


310 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


Family PALINURID &. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY PALINURIDA, 


A. Upper part of antennular segment almost horizontal, broad, so that the bases of 


the outer antenne are distant from each other .....-...---.----..--- Panulirus. 
A’. Upper part of antennular segment oblique, rather narrow, so that the bases of the 
outer antenne are near together -......--..-..2--..--..---.---.---- Palinostus. 


Genus PANULIRUS White. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PANULIRUS. 


A. Exognath of outer maxillipeds without palpus and reaching to the middle of the 


RAGOMG ONG co secs shoe so bsee Sogo ceccoo bccesd pasos seEsaD sessed sata Dee regius. 
A’. Exognath of outer maxillipeds wanting...-.--.---.-------------------- ornatus, 


PANULIRUS REGIUS Capello. 


Panulirus regius CAPELLO, Desc. tres esp. nov. Crust. Afr. Occ., Lisboa, 1864, p. 5, 
fig. 1; Mem. Acad. R. Sci. Lisboa, Cl. Sci. Nat., new ser., II, 1865, Pt. 2. 
2 Senex longipes PFEFFER, Verh. Nat. Ver. Hamb.-Altona (2), V, 1881, p. 41. 


West African localities.—Cape Verde Islands (Capello); Liberia (Mus. 
Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.); Monrovia and St. Thomas Island (Pfeffer); St. 
Thomas Island (Osorio); Benguela (Osorio). 


PANULIRUS ORNATUS (Fabricius?, Herklots). 
Palinurus ornatus HERKLOTS, Addit. Fauna Afr. Occ., 1851, p. 15. 
West Africa.—St. George-del-Mina, Guinea (Herklots). 
Genus PALINOSTUS Bate. 
PALINOSTUS PHOBERUS Rochebrune. 


Palinustus phoberus ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), VII, 1883, p, 173. 
West African localities.—Mouth of the Gambia and of the Casamance 
(Rochebrune). 
Tribe CARIDEA. 
Family PEN AIDS. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY PENZIDZ, 


A. First three pairs of trunk-legs with exopods.......-.---..------------- Peneus. 
A’. Trunk-legs without exopods.......--..----..-----0--- --+--+++-------- Sicyonia. 


Genus PENAUS Fabricius. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PENZUS. 


A. Carapace without a median groove running from the rostrum to the posterior 


NMP AINE e Eee nas Goes Go eauGKs GoeoaR soauas descouluccgadod booed velutinus. 
A’, Carapace with a median groove behind the rostrum. 
B. Base of feet of third pair armed with strong spines...-..---...----- caramote. 
B.’ Base of feet of third pair without spines. 
Ci Lelson;wathjlateralespineses esse ese eee asaser emia canaliculatus. 


C/* Telson without lateral’spines 2% e-csse an. soe eae ee eer brasiliensis. 


NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 311 


PENAUS CARAMOTE (Risso). 


Alpheus caramote Risso, Crust. Nice, 1816, p. 90. 
Peneus caramote DESMAREST, Dict. Sci. Nat., XXVIII, 1823, p. 320. 


Range.—Mediterranean, Atlantic coast of Spain and Portugal, West 
Africa. 
West African locality.—Benguela (Osorio). 
PENAZUS CANALICULATUS (Olivier). 


Palemon canaliculatus OLIVIER, Eneye. Méth., Hist. Nat., Entom., VIII, 1811, 
p. 660. 
Peneus canaliculatus MILNE-EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 414. 


Range.—Indo-Pacifie region; West Africa. 
West African locality.—Benguela (Osorio). 
PENZUS BRASILIENSIS Latreille. 


Peneus brasiliensis LATREILLE, Nouy. Dict. Hist. Nat., XXV, 1817, p. 156. 


Range.—Hudson River at Sing Sing, New York (Stimpson), to Rio 
Grande do Sul, Brazil (Ortmann); West Africa. 

West African localities.—Rufisque, Senegal (Miers); Elmina, Ashantee 
(Benedict); Whydah (Miers); St. Thomas Island (Osorio). 


PENAUS VELUTINUS Dana. 


Peneus velutinus Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., I, 1852, p. 604; 1855, pl. x1, fig. 4. 


Range.—Lahaina, Sandwich Islands (Dana); Oriental region, from 
Japan to Gulf of Suez; West Australia; West Africa. 

West African localities.—Goree Bay, Senegal, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); 
St. Thomas Island (Osorio). 


Genus SICYONIA Milne-Edwards. 
SICYONIA SCULPTA Milne-Edwards. 


Sicyonia sculpta MILNE-EDWaRDS, Ann. Sci. Nat. (1), XIX, 1830, p. 840, pl. 1x, 
figs. 1-8. 


ftange.—Mediterranean; West Africa. 
West African localities.—St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (Bate); 
Goree Bay, Senegal, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers). 


Family CRANGONID i. 
Genus PONTOPHILUS Leaeh. 
PONTOPHILUS CATAPHRACTUS (Olivi). 


Cancer cataphractus OLIv1, Zool. Adriat., 1792, p. 50, pl. 111, fig. 1 (teste Ortmann). 
Pontophilus cataphractus ORTMANN, Proce. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 183. 


Range.—Mediterranean; Goree Bay, Senegal, 9 to 15 fathoms ( Miers). 


312 PRUCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIL 


——— 


Family ALPHEID 2. 


Genus ALPHEUS Fabricius. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS ALPHEUS. 


A. A deep fissure the length of the orbital lobes separating them from the 
TROP os soo cusocdon Sono doSSue So0S cous cob5 SU eco Hoss. 5eue S500 intrinsecus. 
A’. No deep fissure between rostrum and orbital lobes. 
B. Orbital arches armed with a spine. 


C. Hands tuberculate on inner face...........--.-. tae Boek on At een tuberculosus. 
C’. Hands not tuberculate on inner face -..---..--...---.---------- macrocheles. 

B’. Orbital arches entire. 
C. Rostrum carinated. Merus of large claw without a spine .-.-..---- bouviert. 
C’. Rostrum not carinated. Merus of large claw with a spine at distal end of 
Tower Maron ce ke wire rete ace eeee sit oreie rece ieee notre paracrinitus. 


ALPHEUS BOUVIERI A. Milne-Edwards. 


Alpheus edwardsit Dana, Crust. U.S. Expl. Exped., I, 1852, p. 542; 1855, pl. xxx1v, 
fig.2. Not 4. edwardsit Audouin. 

Alpheus bouvieri A. MILNE-Epwarpbs, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), II, 1878, 
p. 231. 


West African localities.—St. Jago, Cape Verde Islands (Dana); off 
St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands (Bate, as ediwardsii); Cape Verde 
Islands (A. Milne-Edwards); Bibundi, Kamerun (Aurivillius, as 
edwardst). 


ALPHEUS MACROCHELES (Hailstone). 


Hippolyte macrocheles HAILSTONE, Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1835, pp. 395, 549, 
552, 553. : 

Alpheus megacheles NORMAN, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), II, 1868, p. 175. 

Alpheus pontederie ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7), VII, No. 4, 1883, 
p. 174. 


Range.—Europe; West Africa. 

West African locality—Senegambia (Rochebrune), in Pontederia 
natans, rivers of Leybar, Thiank, and Dakar-Bango, where they empty 
into the sea. | 

Coutiere' says that Hailstone uses the specific name “ megacheles” 
on the figure, ‘ macrocheles” in the text.” Norman also? refers to 
““‘Hippolyte megacheles Hailstone.”* In the copies of the eighth volume 
of the Magazine of Natural History, to which I have access, the name 
‘¢ megacheles” is not given. On page 395 the name “macrocheles” is 
used, and there is no figure on that page. ‘ Macrocheles” is used 
again on pages 549, 552, and 553. Figure 49, on page 553, has no name 
beneath it, but in the list of engravings on page vii is given as 
“¢ macrocheles.” 


‘Ann. Sci. Nat. (8), IX, 1899, p. 10. 3 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4), II, 1868, p. 175. 
2Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, 1885, p. 395. 4Mag. Nat. Hist., VIII, p. 395. 


No. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN. 313 


ALPHEUS PARACRINITUS Miers. 
Alpheus paracrinitus Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5), VIII, 1881, p. 365, pl. xvt, 
fig. 6. 


Range.—Djibouti (Coutiére); West Africa. 
West African localities.—Goree Bay, Senegal, 9 to 15 fathoms (Miers); 
Praia das Conchas, St. Thomas Island (Osorio); Loanda (Osorio). 


ALPHEUS TUBERCULOSUS Osorio. 


Alpheus tuberculosus OSORIO, Jor. Sci. Lisboa (2), II, 1890, p. 201. 
West African locality.—Iogo-logo, St. Thomas Island (Osorio). 


ALPHEUS INTRINSECUS Bate. 


Kee, 


Alpheus intrinsecus BATE, Challenger Rept., Zool., XXIV, 1888, p. 557, pl. ©, fig. 1. 


Range.—Off Bahia, Brazil, 7 to 20 fathoms (Bate); Iogo-Iogo, St. 
Thomas Island, West Africa (Osorio). 


Family HIPPOLYTID A. 


Genus Hi PPOLYyiLE Leach: 
HIPPOLYTE species (not described). 


Hippolyte species Osorio, Jor. Sci. Lisboa (2), I, 1889, p. 137. 


West African locality—Praia das Conchas, St. Thomas Island 
(Osorio). 
Family ATYID 5. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY ATYIDZ, 


A. Carpal joint of second pair of feet distally excavated........---..-..----. Atya. 
A’, Carpal joint of second pair of feet normal, not distally excavated ---.. Caridina. 


Genus ATYA Leach. 
ATYA SCABRA Leach. 


Atys scaber LEACH, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, XI, 1815, p. 345. 

Atya gabonensis GIEBEL, Zeitschr. f. d. gesammt. Naturwiss., Berlin (2), XII, 
1875, p. 52. 

Atya scabra and gabonensis ORTMANN, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1894, pp. 
409, 410. 

Atya margaritacea var. claviger AURIVILLIUS, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XXIV, 
1898, p. [14], pl. m1, figs. 5-8. 


Range.—Mexico; Nicaragua; Costa Rica; Orinoco; West Indies; 
West Africa, and islands. 

West African localities.—St. Paul’s River, Mount Coffee (O. F. Cook, 
collector); Beulah and Muhlenburg Mission (O. F. Cook, collector); 


SB lAt PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


Etome, Kamerun, in brooks ‘Aurivillius); Rio Papagaio, Princes Is- 
land (Osorio); St. Thomas Island (Greeff, Osorio); Rolas (Greeff); 
Gabun (Giebel); Duque de Bragan¢a (Osorio), Known in Africa as 
“¢Sutt-feelee” or ‘“‘ Bitter crayfish.” 
Genus CARIDINA Milne-Edwards. 
CARIDINA TOGOENSIS Hilgendorf. 
Caridina togoensis HILGENDORF, SB. Ges. Naturf. Fr., Berlin, 1893, p. 156. 


West African localities—Bismarckburg and A deli, Togoland (Hilgen- 
dorf). 


Family PALASMONID &. 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN GENERA OF THE FAMILY PALHZMONID. 


A. Mandibles with a palpus. ; 
B. Frontal margin of carapace with one tooth on each side; a second on the 


hepatic region nearly in the same horizontal line.....-......-.---- Bithynis. 

B’. Frontal margin of carapace with two antennal teeth, one above the other. 
Palemon. 
ING Wiehe atnnOUis & TORMOUR. s6h6 s6666n be5S56 Gand boon gdduud done G506 Palemonetes. 


Genus PALAMON Fabricius. 


KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS PALAMON. 


A. Rostrum with seven teeth above and three below....---...---.------ maculatus. 
A’. Rostrum with eight teeth above and four or five below. 
B. Fingers of second pair of feet much longer than palm; carpus much shorter 


LINENa) WM a oes cogocuendaso sondcudoose ones sooapUesoo67 SoGGOSGa0C hastatus. 
B’. Fingers of second pair of feet much shorter than palm; carpus longer than 
MINOW) cagucd casos paaaue sobsao CUNa DODO aad maDSuS Sa5Cb0.COb0KE Ueooce edwardsit. 


PALZMON EDWARDSII Heller. 


Palemon longirostris MILNE-EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 392; not P. 
longirostris Say, nor P. longirostris Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., I, 1837, 
p. 394, 

Palemon edwardsii HELLER, Crust. siidl. Europa, 1863, p. 265.—Carus, Fauna 
Medit., I, 1885, p. 473. 

Leander edwardsii ORTMANN, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., V, 1891, p.515. 


Range.—Bay of Biscay; Mediterranean; West Africa. 

West African localities.—Monrovia and Mount Coffee, Liberia (O. F. 
Cook and G. M. Collins, collectors). ‘The African specimens are appar- 
ently the same species that exists in the Mediterranean and the Bay of 
Biscay. I have, however, no specimens for comparison. 


NO. 1199. CRUSTACEANS OF WEST AFRICA—RATHBUN, 315 


PALAZEMON HASTATUS Aurivillius. 


Palemon (Leander) hastatus AURIVILLIUS, K. Sv. Vet.—~Akad. Handi., XXIV, 1898, 
p. 27, pl.iv, figs. 3-6. 
West African locality.— Kamerun, in the sea at Beticka ba Mallale 
(Aurivillius). 
PALAMON MACULATUS (Thallwitz). 


Leander maculatus THALLWItTZ, Abh. Ber. K. Zool. Mus. Dresden, 1890-91 (1891), 
No. 3, p. 19. 


Locality.—West Africa (Thallwitz). 


Genus BLETAYGNIS Philippi: 
KEY TO THE WEST AFRICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BITHYNIS. 


A. Large chelipeds with palm cylindrical or nearly so. 
B. Rostrum with more than two teeth on lower margin. 
C. Carpus of large chelipeds regularly cylindrical ........-...----. acanthurus. 
C’. Carpus of large chelipeds thickened in the distal portion. 
Jamaicensis vollenhovenii. 
B’. Rostrum with one or two teeth on lower margin.....--------.-.----. paucidens. 
A’, Largechelipeds with palmswollen and compressed, wider than the carpus. -olfersii. 


BITHYNIS JAMAICENSIS VOLLENHOVENI!I (Herklois). 


Palemon vollenhoventti HERKLOTS, Tijdschr. v. Entom., Nederl. Entomol. Vereen., 
I, 1858, p. 96. . 


West African localities.—Mouth of Mesurado River, Monrovia (O. F. 
Cook, collector); St. Paui’s River, Mount Coffee (O. F. Cook, collector); 


Guinea (Herklots); Lagos (Ortmann); Fluss Meme, Kamerun (Auri- 


villius); St. Thomas Island, in Rio Quija and Rio Gamoela, 200 meters 
altitude (Osorio); Kongo coast (de Man); Upper Kongo (J. H. Camp, 
collector); Kuanza River at Cunga(Benedict, as jamaicensis?); Benguela, 
Catumbella, Biballa, (Osorio, as jamaicensis). 


BITHYNIS ACANTHURUS (Wiegmann). 


Palemon acanthurus WIEGMANN, Arch. f. Nat., II, Pt. 1, 1836, p. 150. 
Palemon macrobrachion HERKLOTS, Addit. Faun. Afr. Occe., 1851, p. 15. 
Palemon africanus KINGSLEY, Bull. Essex Inst., XIV, 1882, p. 107. 
ftange.—Mouth of Rio Grande, Texas; Antilles; Escondido River, 
Nicaragua; Brazil; Ecuador (von Martens); West Africa. 
West African localities.—Sierra Leone (von Martens); near Boutry, 
Guinea (Herklots); Kamerun (Aurivillius): Fluss Meme, Bibundi and 
Ekundu; St. Helena (Bate). - 


BITHYNIS PAUCIDENS (Hilgendorf). 


Palemon (Eupalemon?) paucidens HILGENDORF, SB. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, 
1893, p. 155. 


West African locality.—Adeli, near Bismarckburg, Togoland (Hil- 
gendorf). 


316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


BITHYNIS OLFERSII (Wiegmann). 


Palemon olfersii W1EGMANN, Arch. f. Nat., II, Pt. 1, 1836, p. 150. 
Palemon spinimanus MILNE-EDWARDS, Hist. Nat. Crust., II, 1837, p. 399. 
Range.—Auntilles; Brazil; Gulf of Dolce, Costa Rica; La Paz, Lower 
California; Cape St. Lueas; West Africa. 
West African localities—Etome, Kamerun, in streams (Aurivillius); 
Rio Papagaio, Princes Island (Osorio); St. Thomas Island (Greeff, 
Osorio); Rolas (Greeff). 


Genus PALA MONETES Heller. 
PALAZEMONETES TRISPINOSUS Aurivillius. 


Palemonetes trispinosus AURIVILLIUS, K. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XXIV, 1898, 
p. 29, pl. 1v, figs. 1, 2. 


West African locality.—Kitta, Kamerun, in a brook (Aurivillius). 


DESCRIPTION OF A NEW BIRD OF THE GENUS 
DENDRORNIS. 


By CHARLES W. Ricumonp, M. D., 
Assistant Curator, Division of Birds. 


The specimen here described was sent to the U. 8. National Museum 
several years ago by Mr. Frank b. Armstrong, who collected it at 
Alta Mira, Mexico. Over twenty skins of Dendrornis flavigaster, 
obtained at the same place, were also received, but none of them shows 
any approach to this apparently new species. It is in general similar 
to D. flavigaster, but differs in having the throat and malar patch 
streaked instead of uniform buff, these markings, as well as those of 
the remainder of the underparts, being for the most part dentate, rather 
than oblong; the under wing coverts are variegated, not uniform. That 
these characters are not those of an immature stage of D. flavigaster is 
shown by several young examples of the latter collected in Mexico by 
Mr. EK. W. Nelson (Biological Survey collection), in which the pattern 
of coloration is similar to that of the adults. 

The new species may be described as 


DENDRORNIS STRIATIGULARIS, new species. 


Type.—Cat. No. 1385157, U.S.N.M.; female adult, Alta Mira, Tamau- 
lipas, Mexico, November 18, 1894; Frank B. Armstrong, collector. 

Top of head and nape dull black, each feather with a prominent 
elongated buff shaft spot; lores buff; sides of head dusky, streaked 
with buff; chin buff; rest of under parts, including under tail-coverts, 
hair-brown, the feathers with long (mainly dentate) buff shaft-mark- 
ings, bordered with dusky black, most numerous on the throat and 
breast, and almost obsolete on the flanks and abdomen. Back bistre, 
broadly streaked with buff, the markings edged with dusky black; 
rump russet; upper tail-coverts burnt umber, the lateral feathers with 
buffy shaft-lines. Tail burnt umber; wings burnt umber, paler on the 
under surface, and terminal portion of inner webs of first five primaries 
dusky. Lesser wing-coverts russet, with narrow paler shaft-lines; 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1200. 


318 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


_ middle coverts bistre, with black-bordered buffy shaft-markings; 
greater coverts exteriorly bistre, becoming burnt umber over the terti- 
aries, with more or less concealed buffy shaft-lines, bordered on the — 
outer webs with blackish; primary coverts bistre; edge of wing nar- 
rowly marked with buff and black; under wing-coverts (exteriorly) 
bistre, varied with buff and dusky black; inwardly russet. 

Dimensions.— Wing, 4.15 inches; tail, 3.41 inches; tarsus, 0.90 inches; 
culmen, 1.50 inches. : 


DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW BIRDS FROM LOWER 
SIAM. 


By CHARLES W. RICHMOND, M. D., 
Assistant Curator, Division of Birds. 


The birds here described as new were contained in a large collection 
made by Dr. W. L. Abbott in the province of Trong, Lower Siam. The 
collection, which was made during several trips to this locality, embraces 
about 1300 skins, including many not before recorded from the region, 
and some, like Mthopyga temminckii, Geocichla horsfieldi, and G. 
interpres, not previously known from the mainland. A very fine speci- 
men of the rare Thaumatibis gigantea is also contained in the collection, 
which, with Dr. Abbott’s customary liberality, has been sent to the 
U.S. National Museum. 


ZETHOPYGA ANOMALA, new species. 


Type.—Cat. No. 160366, U.S.N.M.; male adult, slopes of the Khaw 
Song, Trong, Lower Siam, at about 2500 feet, March 2, 1897; Dr. W. L. 
Abbott, collector. 

This species is readily distinguished from 1. saturata, its nearest 
ally, and does not require a full description. It differs from 1. saturata 
in smaller size, deeper red on mantle; the dark red wash on sides ot 
breast is more pronounced; the rump lacks the yellow band character- 
istic of other species of the genus, and in this respect it is unique, 
although in 4. saturata the yellow of the rump is considerably 
restricted. In two males of Dr. Abbott’s series of fifteen skins there 
is a slight edging of greenish olive on the rump of the same color as 
the abdomen, very different, however, from the bright, clear yellow of 
saturata and other members of the genus. 

In the female of anomala the yellow rump band is, strange to say, 
very prominent. Unfortunately, I have no females of saturat« for com- 
parison, but those ef anomala are darker and less yellow beiow than 
the figure of the female of satwrata in Shelley’s monograph. 

The adult male measures: Wing, 2 inches; tail, 2.53 inches; culmen. 
0.61 inch; tarsus, 0.57 inch. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII—No. 1201. 
; 319 


320 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL. 


CRINIGER SORDIDUS, new species. 


Type.—Cat. No. 169893, U.S.N.M.; male adult, Khow Sai Dow, 
Trong, Lower Siam, 2500 feet, February 14, 1899; Dr. W. L. Abbott, 
collector. 

Upper surface of head bistre, somewhat darker on crest; lores, a 
narrow orbital ring, and a small spot above and posterior to eye, pale 
smoke gray; cheeks and ear-coverts brownish gray, the latter with 
lighter shaft-streaks; throat pure white; breast and abdomen deep 
yellowish buff, washed with smoke gray on the former; under tail- 
coverts brownish buff, the feathers with paler tips; sides of body pale 
olive; sides of neck, back, scupulars, rump, and wing-coverts, olive, 
with a brownish wash on the latter, darkest on the primary coverts. 
Upper tail-coverts, tail, and wings, deep bistre, lighter on the first — 
named; inner webs of wing-feathers blackish brown, with a narrow 
edging of pale wood-brown on under surface; under wing-coverts yel- 
lowish buff. ‘ Length, 94 inches.” 

Dimensions.—Wing, 4.30 inches; tail, 4 inches; tarsus, 0.83 inch; 
culmen, from base, 0.82 inch. A series of nine skins, all of which differ 
from C. gutturalis in their greater dimensions, proportionally longer crest 
and tail; the crest is paler; the back, rump, and sides of chest have 
less greenish olive; there is practically no yellow on the under parts 
and under wing-coverts; the tips of rectrices and borders of inner webs 
of same are not of a pale shade as in C. gutturalis. The nearest rela- 
tive of CO. sordidus is probably C. ruficrissus Sharpe, of Borneo, but of 
this form I have no specimens for comparison. 


TURDINULUS GRANTI, new species. 


Type.—Cat. No. 169874, U.S.N.M.; male adult, Khow Sai Dow, 
Trong, Lower Siam, 1000 feet, February 11, 1899; Dr. W. L. Abbott, 
collector. 

General color above hair brown, becoming mummy-brown on the 
rump and upper tail-coverts, the feathers of the forehead, crown, nape, 
mantle, and back edged with blackish brown; feathers of the mantle 
with whitish shaft streaks. Wings and tail chestnut, the wing-coverts 
like the wing, but lesser coverts with pale shaft streaks; middle and 
greater coverts, secondaries, and tertiaries with small, triangular, apical 
white spots. Sides of head and neck, including lores, a superciliary 
stripe extending to the nape, cheeks, and ear-coverts butfy white, each 
feather tipped with brownish black; a spot before eye and a line behind 
eye extending over the ear-coverts, brownish black. Chin, throat, and 
upper abdomen white, becoming ochraceous buff on the lower abdo- 
men; breast buff, the feathers with almost obsolete dusky edges, the 
feathers on sides of breast with more prominent dusky brown borders. 
Sides of body, thighs, flanks, and under tail-coverts, mummy-brown, 
paler than on the rump; under wing-coverts, edge of wing, and axillars 


No. 1201. NEW BIRDS FROM LOWER SIAM—RICHMOND. 321 


buff, darker on the outer part of the coverts. “Iris dark brown; feet 
fleshy brown; bill dark horny brown above, dull leaden beneath.” 

Dimensions.— Wing, 2.10 inches; tail, 0.96 inch; tarsus, 0.88 inch; 
culmen, 0.57 inch. 

Five specimens from Trong appear to be similar to the Klang exam- 
ple mentioned by Mr. Grant! and it is owing to his careful exposition 
of the genus that I have been able to make a Satisfactory determina- 
tion of the species. i 

This species resembles 7. exsul (of which we have one specimen, from 
Mount Poeh, Borneo), but differs in being smaller, mainly buffy white 
below, a little deeper on the lower abdomen, with the breast buffy white, 
the feathers with indistinct dusky edges; the feathers of sides of breast 
with more prominent dusky borders, but without shaft-streaks; under 
wing-coverts and edge of wing are buff, brownish on the outer edge of 
the former. The sides of body, flanks, thighs, and under tail-coverts 
are lighter than in T. ersul. 

The young bird is somewhat similar to the adult, but is more fulvous 
below; the black edges of feathers on head and back are hardly appar- - 
ent, and the superciliary stripe and spots on wings are fulvous instead 
of white. 


'Tbis, 1896, p. 60. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 21 


ed 
v. 


Sy 
RY 


ON THE GENERA OF THE CHALCID-FLIES BELONGING TO 
THE SUBFAMILY ENCYRTIN 2. 


By WiLLIAM H. ASHMEAD, 


Assistant Curator, Division of Insects. — 


Among the many thousands of minute Hymenopterous insects exist- 
ing in the world and to which have been given the popular name 
Chalcid flies, there is probably no single family that is of more interest 
or of greater economic importance than the family Encyrtide. 

The species in this family, like the vast majority of other Chalcid-flies, 
live parasitically in the eggs, larvie, or pupe of other insects, and hardly 
_asingle order of Hexapodous insects is wholly free from their attacks; 
but in this family, and more especially in the subfamily Encyrtini, the 
Species are of more than ordinary interest and importance, since so 
many of them are found attacking and destroying the scale- and bark- 
lice (Coccide and Aleyrodide) and the plant-lice (Aphidide and Psyl- 
lide), containing some of the most destructive and troublesome pests 
with which fruit-growers, agriculturists and florists have to contend. 

The subfamilies Eupelmine, Encyrtine, and Signiphorine, the latter 
based upon my genus Signiphora, established in 1880, as I have already 
_ published elsewhere, constitute a distinct family in the subfamily Chal- 
cidoidea, to which the family name Encyrtide should be applied. 

The subfamily Eupelminz was subjected to a generic revision nearly 
three years ago by the present author, and was published in the Pro- 
ceedings of the Washington Entomological Society for 1898. He now 
presents a similar work on the subfamily Eneyrtinze 

The manuscript, as originally written, with the above title, was read 
before the Washington Entomological Society, May 13, 1897. Since 
that time, however, Dr. L. O. Howard ' has characterized a number of 
new genera in the group, and the paper has been withheld from publi- 
cation, in order to incorporate the new genera and to make certain 
necessary changes in nomenclature. ° 

The family Encyrtidz is readily distinguished from all others in the 


1Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 231. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1202. 
: 323 


324 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Chaleidoidea by the large, non-impressed mesopleura, the large triangu- 
lar mesepisternum, which does not extend to the front coxe, and by the large 
saltatorial spur of the middle tibiw, which is most frequently long and 
stout, or dilated at base, and usually armed with a double row of black 
teeth or stiff bristles. No other family possesses this large saltatorial 
middle tibial spur, and only a few species, in one or two of the other 
families, possess the non-impressed mesopleura. 


Family LX VII. ENCYRTID A! 


The three subfamilies mentioned above, into which this family is 
divided, may be separated upon tie following characters: 


Mesonotum not entire, most frequently depressed or concave on disk, rarely convex, 
the parapsidal furrows distinct, or at least more or less present; marginal vein 


WISE VU AOE MEM ease eGing MADEN eS CoS adGce aaebocause. Subfamily I. EUPELMIN Zz. 
Mesonotum entire, convex or subconvex, the parapsidal furrows always entirely 
wanting. 


Marginal vein rarely very long, often punctiform, and always very much shorter 
than the subcostal vein; stigmal vein usually short but distinct, rarely very 
long; scutellum normal, the axille never closely united to form a transverse 
linear sclerite at base of scutellum; middle tibiz without lateral spurs. 

Subfamily Il. ENcyrRTIN«. 

Marginal vein long, as long or nearly as long as the subcostal vein; scutellum 
abnormal, the axillce closely united without suture between, forming a trans- 
verse linear sclerite at base of scutellum proper; middle tibice with lateral spurs, 
the lateral apical spur lobed .......-----.--2.. Subfamily IIL. SIGNIPHORINA. 


Subfamily Il FHNCY RTIN 4. 


This subfamily, as here defined, is identical with Forster’s family 
Encyrtoide or Mayr’s Encyrtiden, and is based upon Latreille’s genus 
Encyrtus, established in 1809, 

The genus was very imperfectly characterized by Latreille, who 
indicated as types two species, namely, Chrysis ? infidus Rossi (Iliger) 
and Mira macrocera Schellenberg. The latter is now manifestly not 
applicable; since it itself is the type of a well-characterized genus. 
Chrysis infidus Rossi, therefore, becomes the type of Latreille’s genus 
Encyrtus. 

Chrysis infidus Rossi was very imperfectly described and has long 
remained unknown, but I have identified it as the Coccid parasite 
known to us to-day under the name Comys scutellata Swederus. In the 
original description nothing was said of the characteristic tuft of hairs 
on the scutellum, and it has thus been overlooked by writers on these 
insects. 

In 1820, Dalman, a Swede, redescribed the genus Hncyrtus and de- 
scribed many hew species. His diagnosis, however, was necessarily a 
broad one, and in reality represented the family rather than the genus, 


‘For characters of the other families see Classification of the old family Chal- 
cidide by W. H. Ashmead, Proc. Wash. Ent. Soe., IV, 1898-99, pp. 242-249. 


‘No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINE—ASHMEAD. Bae 


and in it he included many species that are now relegated to many of 
our more modern genera. 

From the publication of Dalman’s paper down to the year 1856 several 
new genera were erected by Dahlbom, Nees, Westwood, Haliday, 
Walker, and hKatzeburg, either upon some of the Dalmanian species, or 
upon new discoveries. 

In 1856 a great advance was made in our knowledge of the group 
by Dr. Arnold Forster, in his well known publication Hymenoptero- 
logische Studien, Heft II, in which he for the first time properly defined 
the group as a family under the name Encyrtoidex, brings together the 
known genera in tabular form, and describes no less than twelve new 
genera. 

A year later, or in 1857, Dahlbom established four new genera, namely, 
Ageniaspis, Huscapus, Lonchocerus, and Trimorphocerus. The second is 
identical with Dinocarsis Forster, the third with Mira Schellenberg, 
while the fourth and last seems to have been based upon a male Both- 
riothorax. 

The Russian General Motschulsky, in 1863, erected his genus Cal- 
lipteroma' from Ceylon; while a few years later an Italian, Camillo 
Rondani, described in the group three additional genera, wretchedly 
characterized, namely, Tineophaga, 1868, Tineomyza, 1872, and Selitre- 
chus, 1877. None of them, however, belong here, but all belong to the 
family Eulophide. Tineophaga equals Hulophus Geoffroy; Tineomyza 
is apparently identical with Tetrastichus Haliday; while Selitrechus, as 
I have identified it, is a good genus in the subfamily Entedonine. 

In 1876 the European genera and species of the Encyrtinze were sub- 
jected to a thorough revision, by Dr. Gustav Mayr, of Vienna, Austria, 
in a work entitled Die Europiiischen Encyrtiden, biologisch und sys- 
tematisch bearbeitet. 

In this most valuable contribution Dr, Mayr has shown that several 
of the previously described genera were synonyms, being based prin- 
cipally upon the opposite sex or upon apterous or subapterous forms of 
other genera. Dr. Mayr in his work, however, established 8 new genera, 
gave full descriptions of all the known genera and species, except 
some of Walker’s, besides characterizing 25 species as new to science. 

About the time of the appearance of Dr. Mayr’s excellent work on 
the group, the well-known Swedish entomologist, Dr. C. G. Thomson, 
was also engaged in a systematic study of the Encyrtine, and the result 
of his labors appeared shortly afterwards.’ 

The title-page of this work antedates that of Dr. Mayr’s, and I was 
at first inclined to give Thomson priority for certain genera which 
prove to be synonymous with those of Dr. Mayr’s. _Since my paper 
was read, however, Dr. L. O. Howard has most conclusively shown, 


‘Von Dalla Torre records this in his Catalogus Hymenopterorum under the family 
Braconid. 
? Skandinaviens Hymenoptera, IV, pp. 112-183. 


326 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


from a letter from Dr. Christopher Aurivillius, of the Stockholm 
Museum, the incorrectness of this title-page, and proves without the 
shadow of a doubt the priority in publication of Dr. Mayr’s work. 

The group was called by Thomson a tribe—Encyrtina—and he divided 
it into three sections, based principally upon mandibular characters, 
besides giving an excellent table for distinguishing the genera. Hight 
new genera and 26 new species were described. Three of these genera 
are, however, Synonyms: Liocarus equals Prionomastix Mayr; Nob- 
rimus equals Homalotylus Mayr; while Trechnites equals Metallon 
Walker. 

Thomson designates as the type of Encyrtus, E. scutellaris Dalman, 
a species evidently synonymous with Hneyrtus (Chrysis) infidus Rossi. 

The work of Thomson is unquestionably of great value, and he has 
drawn attention to several important structural characters not pre- 
viously or subsequently noticed. In my own work I have made use of 
some of these characters, one of which—the shape and dentition of the 
mandibles—although not easily seen, I consider of tribal value. 

In 1888 Christopher Aurivillius discovered and described his genus © 
Arrhenophagus, a remarkable form in the group. 

A year later, 1889, De Stefani, an Italian, established his genus 
Hoplopsis, a genus still unknowa to me in nature, but which, judging 
from the description, does not belong to this subfamily, but to the sub- 
family Eupelmine, “‘ Thorax foveolatus” being a character found only 
in the Eupelminze. © 

In the United States until within comparatively recent years very 
little original work was done in the family. 

The first American who described a species in the group was Thomas 
Say, whose Serlion terminalis, described in 1828 and placed by Cresson 
in the genus NScelio, in the family Proctotrypide, is an encyrtine 
belonging to Mayr’s genus Homalotylus. 

It has been since redescribed twice: Once by Dr. Shimer as Hutelus 
scymne, and again by Dr. Howard as Homalotylus obscurus. 

Since Say’s time, besides myself, the only one in this country who 
has given special attention to these inseets is Dr. L. O. Howard, whose 
valuable contributions toward elucidating the habits, genera, and spe- 
cies of this difficult group, found in America, are known to all working 
entomologists. He has characterized many new genera and many new 
species—many beautifully figared—and it is through his kindness and 
liberality in placing at my disposal all his material in the group that I 
am able to incorporate all of these genera in my tables. 

I desire here also to express my thanks and obligations to the well- 
known hymenopterologist, Dr. Gustay Mayr, of Vienna, Austria, the 
leading HKuropean authority on the group, for sending me during our 
correspondence, extending over an interval of nearly twenty years, 
Specimens of most of the European genera. 

With these preliminary remarks I shall now proceed tbh the classi- 
fication of the eel 


" No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINZ—ASHMEAD. + 327 


CLASSIFICATION. 


The subfamily Encyrtine, for convenience and the ready recognition 
of the genera, if upon no other grounds, may be divided into four tribes, 


as follows: 
TABLE OF TRIBES. 


Mandnblessedentater acute abape Xeni selene seu eeismcle asin sieeciace = ses nese selene 4 

Mandibles bi- or tri-dentate, or broadly truncate at apex, never acute; tarsi always 
HONG S 56 bocacs GoSeS0uedG bond Ho Sc oSobon cassos Doedad pdadccccsusssece 2 

2. Mandibles stout, 3-dentate at apex, although the teeth are sometimes very 
minute, the labrum usually conspicuous...--.......-.------.---..------- 3 
Mandibles not stout, or only moderately so, rather Jong and always bi-dentate 
at apex, the labrum free; abdomen in female with the hypopygium large, 
lanceolate or plowshare shaped, inclosing the ovipositor and extending 
beyond the anus; second abdominal segment most frequently large; anten- 
nee usually inserted just above the clypeus, rarely just below the middle 
Olf IN 1NCOsboads Gacsco suosed Geog ssuascoe Coon eoan Elser Tribe I. ECTROMINI. 
Mandibles stout, but short and polished, the apex broadly truncate, unarmed 
or nearly so; labrum conspicuous; abdomen with the hypopygium less evi- 
dently prominent, not projecting; body usually stout, not metallic; anten- 
ne inserted below the middle of the face; hind tibize with two spurs...... 
Tribe Il. ENCYRTINI. 
3. Hypopygium not prominent; hind tibiz with only one spur; body most fre- 
quently, but not always, metallic; antenne variable..... Tribe III. Mrrint. 
4. Tarsi 4- or 5-jointed; marginal vein punctiform or subobsolete .-..........-.-.-- 
Tribe TV. ARRHENOPHAGINI. 


Tribe 1. ECTROMINI. 


The species falling in this tribe are, as a rule, more elongate and 
narrower, the marginal vein proportionately longer, the stigmal vein 
shorter, while the mandibles are longer, narrower, and always bidentate 
atapex. This last character, together with the prominent hypopygium, 
in the female, may always be depended upon to distinguish a species 
falling in this group. 

The genera may be recognized by the use of the following table: 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


WIG is aS Sees Ses I RN a ee Ee i a aS ren Wa 12 
Females: 
Face with a distinct carina between the basés of antennxz ....-.-.--..---..---- 8 


Face without such a carina, rarely with a rounded ridge. 

Antenne inserted just above the clypeus or below the middle of the face. 
Speciesinyjine lessor subbapterouse.. see. emcee eases scone ee =e 6 
SPSclesmwpinige diene ne eee Men NeCN SE wars d aloe co eaie 2s eae te 2 

2. Front wings with the marginal vein rather long, at least twice as long as the 
stigmal vein or even longer, the stigmal and postmarginal 
veins short; scape slender, cylindrical. 

Wings fuscous, marked with white bands or.rays; frons broad, the lat- 

eral ocelli nearer to the eye margin than to the front 

Oce ls ae enya eee eer ae aire oie (1) Calocerinus Howard. 

Wings hyaline; frons not so broad, the lateral ocelli not nearer to the 
eye margin than to the front ocellus. 

(2) Tetralophidea Ashmead, new genus. 


328 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


Front wings with the marginal vein short, the postmarginal vein very short. 5 - 
Front wings with the marginal vein long, linear, longer than the stigmal 
vein, the stigmal and postmarginal veins not short, or very 
rarely short, the postmarginal most frequently longer than 

the stigmal. : 

Funicle 6-jointed without ring-joints .......-...---.----.-.----- voto caer 3 

Funicle 4-jointed with two ring-joints. 

Frons minutely shagreened, with minute punctures scattered over 
the surface; scape slender, cylindrical, the flagellum at the 
most subclavate; stigmal vein very oblique, subelavate. 

(3) Meromyzobia Ashmead, new genus. 
3. Stigmal and postmarginal veins not short, usually long, the latter the longer, 
sometimes as long as the marginal; front wings without a 
discoidal blotch ys 22 es a aes ya a ie Re ie Nea ee 4 
Stigmal and postmarginal veins short, the latter sometimes hardly developed; 
front wings with a discoidal blotch. 

Frons very minutely shagreened, with minute punctures scattered over 
the surface, or almost smooth. 

Head viewed from in front longer than wide; scutellum with a tuft 
of long hairs; abdomen scarcely longer than the head and 
thorax united, the ovipositor not or scarcely exserted; 
flagellum gradually broadened toward apex, compressed, 
the pedicel hardly as long as the first joint of funicle; the 
joints after the third broader than long. 

(4) Chrysopophagus Ashmead. 

Head viewed from in front not longer than wide, if anything a little 
wider than long; scutellum without a tuft of long hairs; abdo- 
men distinctly longer than the head and thorax united, with 
a prominent ovipositor which is longer than half the length 
of the abdomen; flagellum subclavate, not compressed, the 
funicle joints longer than thick. 

(5) Tineophoctonus Ashmead, new genus. 
4, Frons minutely shagreened, with minute punctures scattered over the surface; 
scape not compressedly dilated beneath, cylindrical or sub- 

cylindrical. 

Antenne not longer than the body, usually somewhat shorter, the first 
joint of the flagellum rarely more than twice as long as thick; 
stigmal vein not curved; axilla just meet at inner basal 
WOOO sae era ae on Oe Se Re ral arses (6) Lricydnus Walker. 

Antenne longer than the body, the first joint of the flagellum about five 
times as long as thick; stigmal vein gently curved; axillie 
unite and form a slight ridge at base of scutellum. 

(7) Leptomastix Forster. 
Frons regularly punctate; scape beneath broad, compressedly dilated, the fla- 
gellum long, filiform, cylindrical; scutellum triangular, acute 

at apex, the axille somewhat widely separated. 
(8) Dinocarsis Forster. 
Frons not regularly punctate, broad and smooth, margaritaceously shining, or 
at the most feebly shagreened; scape long, slender, the fla- 
gellum long, subcylindrical, feebly compressed, the first joint 
the longest, somewhat more than twice as long as thick; 

scutellum with two deep fovee at base. 

(9) Ectroma Westwood. 
5. Frons finely shagreened or alutaceous, subopaque; lateral ocelli close to the 
eye margin; scape usually broadly compressedly dilated be- 
neath, the flagellum slender, cylindrical; axille not quite meet- 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 329 


ing at inner basal angles; front wings with a hairless line 
extending obliquely inward from the stigmal vein. 
: (10) Anagyrus Howard. 
Frons narrow, almost smooth; lateral ocelli close to the eye margin; scape 
broadly dilated beneath, the flagellum compressed, fusiform, 
as seen from the side; axillee meeting at inner basal angle. 
(11) Anusia Forster, 
6. Frons smooth, margaritaceously shining, or at the most microscopically sha- 
ANNALS CoS soa SSeS SAS SU SO eee us GOO Sia eee ae aiente etna r 
Frons regularly punctate or coriaceous or shagreened with distinct scattered 
punctures over the surface. 

Scutellum subtriangular, rounded, not acute at apex; scape slender, cylin- 

drical, or at most subclavate. 
Flagellum filiform or subclavate, not compressed; axilla touching each 
other at base of scutellum. 5 
Funicle 4-jointed, with 2 minute ring-joints; ocelli normal, the 
lateral close to the eye margin but not touching it. 
(3) Meromyzobia Ashmead. 
Funicle 6-jointed, with no ring-joints; ocelli very minute, the 
lateral lying close to the eye margin.......Hricydnus Walker. 
Flagellum compressed; axille separated not touching each other at base 
of scutellum ; lateral ocelli not close to eye margin; ovipositor 
exserted, the hypopvgium very prominent lanceolate. 
(12) Henicopygus Ashmead, new genus. 

Seutellum triangular, acute at apex; scape dilated and compressed beneath. 

: (8) Dinocarsis Forster. 
7. Scutellum subtriangular; head transverse. 

Scutellum with two fovee at base; scape and flagellum not at all compressed, 
Cylindricale ese (9) Ectroma Westwood = Sphenolepis Nees. 

Seutellum without fovex at base; scape broadly dilated beneath, the flagel- 
lum compressed, fusiform......--........ (11) Anusia Forster. 

Scutellum lunate; head seen from above subquadrate, wider than the thorax, 
the lateral ocelli rather close to the eye margin; thorax with 
a silvery pubescence ........-......-.-.(13) Beocharis Mayr. 

SE MONS EMO LMM O AO eerers eaeteiats <a ay sibel Nu Alan Che en sree eae espa ee el ns 9 
Frons broad, sublenticular, the occipital margin acute. 

Front wings with the postmargina] and stigmal veins rather long, equal, 
not or scarcely shorter than the marginal; clypeus excised at 
apex; antenne long, filiform, somewhat distant at base, the 
pedicel shorter than the first joint of funicle. 

(14) Stenoterys Thomson. 

Front wings with the marginal and postmarginal veins very short, the 
latter scarcely developed, the marginal vein nearly puncti- 
form; clypeus normal; antenne long, cylindrical, subclavate, 
the scape slender, the pedicel twice as long as the first joint 
Ofshtuni Clee snes eee et ae eee (15) Tetracnemoidea Howard. 

9. Axille widely separated at inner basal angle; postmarginal vein not developed. 

Eyes rounded; antenne inserted far anteriorly below an imaginary line 

drawn from the base of the eyes .(16) Tetracnemus Westwood. 
Axille united at inner basal angle, or at least touching each other. 

TSAYOS DENI A caGns Sancunoeee SOON acc. cco Ae eies Sieie ees a A set se ete ree cee a ee 10 

Eyes pubescent. 

Marginal vein a little shorter than the stigmal, the postmarginal vein 
at least as long as the stigmal; flagellum clavate, the funicle 
joints short, wider than long..---.. (17) Habrolepoidea Howard. 


330h om PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII 


10. Wings fuscous, with white rays or bamds -.---.----2 2-22 2-8 eee nee 11 
Wings hyaline. , 
Marginal vein about three times as long as the stigmal, the postmarginal not 

longer than the shaft of the stigmal, the latter short, perpen- 
dicular; axilJee just meet at inner basal angle; pronotum very 
short, scarcely visible from above; mesonotum scaly punctate 
or reticulate. 
(18) Tetralophiellus Ashmead new genus (Type T. brevicollis 
Ashmead). 

Marginal vein only a little longer than the stigmal, the postmarginal vein very 
short, hardly developed; axille meeting at inner basal angle; 
pronotum not short, conical; mesonotum smooth; antenneze 
not short, subclavate.............-.. (19) Tetracladia Howard 

Marginal vein fully twice as long as thick, or about half the length of the 

: stigmal, the postmarginal only slightly developed; antennze 
clavate, the club ovate, 3-jointed, much stouter than the funi- 
cle, the scape more than twice as long as thick at apex; funicle 
joints one-fourth longer than thick; pronotum very short, 
transverse linear; mesonotum microscopically reticulate; 
hypopygium very prominent, plowshare shaped. 

(20) Tetracnemopsis Ashmead, new genus (Type 7. westwoodit 
Cockerell), 

Marginal vein punctiform, not longer than thick, the postmarginal vein not 
ceveloped; antenne subclavate, the pedicel hardly longer 
than thick at apex, but longer than the first joint of funicle; 
funicle joints submoniliform; pronotum very short; mesono- 
tum shagreened or scaly punctate. .(21) Pentacnemus Howard. 

11. Marginal vein about twice as long as thick, not longer than the stigmal, the 

postmarginal vein hardly solong; axille not quite meeting at 
inner basal angles; antennw subclavate, inserted close to the 
mouth, the scape long, slender, only slightly thickened toward 
apex; funicle joints 1-2 subequal, scarcely longer than 
thick, the following gradually increasing in thickness; eyes 
very large; frons narrow; mesonotum smooth, metallic, a 
little shorter than the scutellum, the latter opaque, sha- 
greened; abdomen ovate, shorter than the thorax, depressed. 

(22) Habrolepopteryx Ashmead, new genus (Type Psilophrys 

pulchripennis Ashmead). 


12. Males. 
HMpistoma-carimateis: ) ee iss SSeS se ete eee ahs ore ee Pea esbrl 
Epistoma not carinate. 
Antenne simple without branches, the scape and tlagellum sometimes 
dilatedkorscompresse dees ass. eae eee eee eee aee 13 
Antenne ramose, with 4 branches. 
Marginal vein rather long, the stigmal and postmarginal veins 
short. 
Wings with fuscous rays; lateral] ocelli nearer to the eye margin 
than to the front ocellus; axillee meeting at base of scutellum. 
(1) Calocerinus Howard. 
Wings hyaline; lateral ocelli not nearer to the eye margin than 
to the front ocellus; axille not quite meeting at base of the 
scutelluimee sees (2) Tetralophidea Ashmead, new genus. 
13; Wingless orsubapterous=forms).s5 oi seeee nee eae heen ee eer nee eee 16 
Winged. 
Front wings with the marginal vein usually shorter, the stigmal and post- 
marginal veins short, or the stigmal vein is longer than the 


short marginal and postmarginal veins united..-.......-.. 15 


x0.102. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINE—ASHMEAD. 331 


Front wings with the marginal vein long or somewhat long, the stigmal and 
Hostmarcinalvems noOSWOM sss ee eee 2 so ee 14 
Front wings with the marginal vein linear, longer than the stigmal, the 
postmarginal vein rather short, hardly so long as the stigmal 
or clearly shorter, the stigmal vein bent so as to be nearly 

parallel with it. 
Frons and scutellum finely coriaceous, the thorax metallic or subme- 
tallic, with silvery hairs; tlagellum filiform, the joints sub- 
equal, at least three times as long as thick, with long, sparse 


I gE pe eae ea eae aa (4) Chrysopophagus Ashmead. 
14. Frons minutely shagreened, with some minute punctures scattered over the 
surface. 


Antcnne 9-pointed, with a 4-jointed funicle. 
(3) Meromyzobia Ashmead, new genus 
Antenne 11-jointed, with a 6-jointed funicle. 
Antenne not longer than the body, the flagellum with the joints 
closely united and clothed with a short, dense pubescence. 
(6) Hricydnus Walker. 
Antenne much longer than the body, the flagellum with subpe- 
dunculated joints and each joint furnished with two whorls of 
lonpshairsestes san seers sees se ee (7) Leptomastix Forster. 
Frons broad, smooth, margaritaceously shining, impunctate. 
Antenne long, filiform, 9-jointed, feebly compressed. 
(9) Ectroma Westwood. 
15. Marginal vein rather short and stout, the stigmal and postmarginal veins very 
3 short. ie 
- Scape usually broadly dilated below, the flagellum slender, cylindrical. 
(10) Anagyrus Howard. 
Marginal vein normal, not stout. 
Stigmal vein long; scape long, dilated and compressed beneatn, the flagel- 
lum filiform, clethed with a short dense pile; scutellum trian- 
_ gular, acute at apex; body shagreened. 
(8) Dinocarsis Forster=LHuscapus Dahlbom. 
Stigmal vein short; scape broadly compressedly dilated beneath, the flagel- 
lum compressed, fusiform, broadest toward the middle, and 


gradually tapering off toward apex. -...-.(11) Anusia Forster. 
16. Scutellum triangular or subtriangular, never lunate. 
Scutellum triangular, acute at tip.....--- Le nie ees (8) Dinocarsis Forster. 


Scutellum subtriangular, rounded off at tip, not acute. 
Froas shagreened or feebly punctate; scape and flagellum normal, the 
latter clothed with a short dense pile. .(6) Hricydnus Walker. 
Frons smooth, shining, somewhat iridescent. 
Scutellum with two fovee at base; scape and fiagellum not at all 


compressed ey lindricala 52222 ses. (9) Ectroma Westwood. 
Scutellum without fovee at base; scape broadly dilated beneath, the 
flagellum compressed, fusiform.......---. (11) Anusia Forster. 


Scutellum lunate. 
Frons convex, finely coriaceous; scape rather short, clavate, the pedicel 
twice as long as thick at tip, longer than the first funicle 


ICON AT las Soe eaten a RS ULC ee (18) Baeocharis Mayr. 
17. Frons broad. 


Axille united at inner basal angles. 
Antenne long, fusiform, without branches inserted rather high up on the 
face, the flagellum clothed with sparse black pile. 
(14) Stenoterys Thomson. 
Antenne with four branches, a branch on flagellar joints 1-4. 
(15) Tetracnemoidea Howard. 


De PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


Frons not broad. a 
Axillee widely separated; antennz with four branches. 
(16) Tetracnemus Westwood. 
Axille united or touching each other at their inner basal angles; antenne 
simple, or ramose. 
JDHVGIS) WENKSeAS onbEdo Sako ooo ESoKcoUceuco Dbbo boScon cScoE5 SoSe0N Cosson 18 
Eyes pubescent. 
Marginal vein a little shorter than the stigmal, the postmarginal 
at least as long as' the stigmal; flagellum hairy without 
TAN CHESS He eee eee ee eee (17) Habrolepoidea Howard. 
18. Antenne with four long branches. 
Marginal vein about three times as long as the stigmal, the postmarginal 
very short; pronotum short, scarcely visible from above. 
(18) Tetralophiellus Ashmead, new genus. 
Marginal vein only a little longer than the stigmal, the postmarginal very 
short; pronotum noé short, conical, at least the length of the 
mesonotum, or a little longer ....... (19) Tetracladia Howard. 
Marginal vein only twice as long as thick, about half the length of the 
stigmal, the postmarginal hardly developed; pronotum very 
short, transverse linear. 
(20) Tetracnemopsis Ashmead, new genus. 
Antenne with five long branches. 
Marginal vein punctiform, not half the length of the stigmal, the postmar- 
SAMA AEN ENDS Sky boc5 onosKc (21) Pentacnemus Howard. 


ADs Mey. JAINKOSCIRCIEIUIN IL. 


- The species belonging in this tribe are broad and robust, with broad, 

stout mandibles which are broadly truncate at apex and edentate or very 

nearly; the labrum is conspicuous; the antenne similar in both sexes, 

the marginal vein in the front wings short, the stigmal and postmar- 

ginal veins usually long; in the hind wings the marginal cell is long, 

broad, and distinet, while the hind tibiz have two apical spurs. 
Only three genera are known, separated as follows: 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


Metathorax with the lateral ridge, or at least the metapleura, clothed with a 
silvery white pubescence; spurs of the hind tibiz unequal, the outer one 
beime very Smalbs foe Pee ee RNG Ne he (Ey ae ela ee een 4 

Metathorax with the lateral ridge bare; spurs of the hind tibiw nearly equal. 

Frons broad, with sparse, thimble-like punctures, thicker toward the scrohes; 
front wings with the stigmal and postmarginal veins long, nearly equal 
in length and three or more times longer than the marginal; apical half 
or more of the wings usually infumated. 

Scutellum with a bunch of hairs at apex above; first joint of flagellum 
scarcely so long as the second. 

(23) Eneyrtus Latreille = Comys Férster— Eucomys Forster. 
(Type Chrysis infidus Rossi Comys scutellata Swederus. ) 

Scutellum without a bunch of hairs at apex above; first joint of flagellum a 
little longer than the second. 

(24) Howardiella Dalla Torre = Howardia Dalla Torre. 


NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN.E—ASHMEAD. Bae 


2. Frons not broad, almost smooth, opaque, or minutely shagreened, at the most 
with a few minute punctures scattered over the surface; front wings with 
the stigmal and postmarginal veins unequal, the latter only partially 
developed, the marginal vein very short, hardly developed; front wings 
hyaline, but with a discoidal cloud. 

(25) Prionomastix Mayr= Liocarus Thomson. 
(Type Encyrtus morio Daliman. ) 


Wiewoe JOU, = IMOUEMUN Ie 


To this tribe belong the vast majority of the known Eneyrtine. Itis 
distinguished from the other tribes principally by the mandibles, which 
are somewhat differently shaped, and always tridentate at apex. In 
most of the genera these have three small equal, or very nearly equal, 
teeth, while in others the outer tooth is the longest and most acute. 
One or two genera, however, have the two outer teeth longer than the 
inner. The marginal cell in the hind wings is usually long and narrow, 
nearly obsolete, but never very broad, as in the Encyrtini; while the 
hind tibie have only one apical spur. 

It may be well here to call attention to two tribes founded provision- 
ally, in 1892 and 1895, by Dr. L. O. Howard, since all of one and part 
of the other belong here, namely, the Tetracnemini,' and the Bothrio- 
thoracini,? which Dr. von Dalla Torre, in the fifth volume of his Cata- 
logus, has elevated to subfamily rank. 

The first is an unnatural assemblage of genera, as Dr. Howard has 
already pointed out, based upon the fact that certain genera have been 
discovered having ramoseantenne in the males, which in itself, although 
interesting, is of no tribal significance, since there is scarcely a family 
in the Order Hymenoptera, from the most specialized to the more gen- 
eralized, that does not possess one or more genera with this character- 
istic feature. 

The second, or the tribe Bothriothoracini, too, seems to have scarcely 
any more reason for its existence, being based principally upon the 
thimble-like punctuation possessed by certain genera, all the other 
characters mentioned by Dr. Howard, in his diagnosis of the tribe, 
being common to many other genera. The thimble-like punctuation of 
certain genera, as well as other styles of punctuation, is a valuable 
diagnostic character, but of no other value, since I find all intermediate 
grades, from the strong, thimble-like punctuation possessed by Both- 
riothorax, of varying shades and degrees, down to a perfectly smooth 
impunctate surface. I consider, therefore, that both tribes are unnat- 
ural and not tenable. 

The genera of this tribe are exceedingly numerous, about 59 having 
_been recognized. It is believed, however, that all can be easily dis- 
tinguished by the use of the following table. 


1Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 361. 2Tdem., XVII, 1895, p. 605, 


334 - PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOu.XXtL | 


TABLE OF GENERA. 


Females. 
Mandibles shorter, with less acute, equal or nearly equal teeth; labrum not con- 
spicuous; frons frequently, but not always, with a series 
z of large, thimble-like punctures; wings frequently ornate 
or dusky, although often hyaline; scrobes usually semi- 
eireular oe se Sena eee Oa en ee Se ie ee ee 5 
Mandibles rather long, with acute teeth, the apical tooth usually the longest 
Z and more acute than the two inner (rarely with the two 
outer longer than the inner); labrum conspicuous; frons 
very closely punctate or finely coriaceous, the thimble- 
like punctures absent, or the punctures smaller and 
sparsely scattered over the surface; wings not ornate, and 
usually with a very short or punctiform marginal vein, 
the hind wings usually with a long costal cell extending 
to the hooklets; abdomen usually more or less compressed 
toward apex, the ventral valve extending as far as the 
anus but not plowshare shaped; head as viewed from in 
front usually somewhat long, often much longer than 

wide, or subtriangular, the scrobes forming a triangle. 
Marginal vein distinct, at least twice as long as thick, but usually longer, the 
postmarginal vein longer than the stigmal......... .. 4 
Marginal vein punctiform, not or scarcely longer than thick (very rarely 
twice as long as thick), the postmarginal vein not at all 
or only slightly developed, rarely as long as the stigmal; 
the stigmal vein comparatively long, always more than 
twice as long as the marginal, or much longer; body 


metallic onlustrous| seca aqeee eee eee eae eee 2 
. Head, viewed froin in front, not longer than wide, the cheeks, or malar Bpace, 
notrespecialliyslon gee tee ss aos e ee eee 3 


Head, viewed from in front, long, subtriangular, much longer than wide, the 
cheeks or malar space long. 

Front wings not ciliate; antennz very long and slender, the flagellar joints 
all very long and cylindrical, the sixth being at least four 
times as long as thick, the preceding still longer. 

(26) Psilophrys Mayr. 
‘Front wings ciliate. 
Pedicel fully three times or more longer than thick at apex. 
Antenne like Psilophrys, very long and slender, the scape very long, 
slender; cheeks not quite the length of the eyes; oviposi- 
OW Nib NOME; Se coos Soke Saa'e (27) Parapsilophrys Howard. 
Flagellum long and slender, fully or about twice as long as the 
scape, the funicle joints all long and cylindrical, the club 
not or hardly thicker than the last joint of the funicle. 
(28) Liothorax Mayr. 
Flagellum searcely one and a half times as long as the scape, the 
funicle joints gradually decreasing in length, but all not 
or very little longer than thick, usually transverse; head 
and mesonotum finely closely punctate or shagreened; 
frons not especially broad, club much thickened, Suligeels 
truncate from beneath; eyes bare. 
(29) Litomastix Thomson. 
Flagellum not long, not much longer than the scape, the funicle 
joints, except the first, not longer than thick, the club 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINE—ASHMEAD. 335 


distinctly thickened, broader than the funicle; frons 
broad; eyes faintly hairy. .......(30) Berecyntus Howard. 

Pedicel not three ne as long as thick; cheeks the length of eyes or 
nearly; antenne rather lone! the funicle joints rarely 
more than twice as long as thick, gradually thickening 
apically, the sixth joint, however, never much longer 
than wide, sometimes wider than long. 

(381) Copidosoma Ratzeburg. 
3. Cheeks more than half the length of the eyes; pedicel scarcely twice as long as 
thick, the flagellum not long, the joints of the funicle all 
small except the first, not longer than wide, submonilie 
form, gradually increasing in size. 
(32) Prionomitus Mayr. 
Cheeks very short, almost obsolete; pedicel three times as long as thick, the 
flagellum very short, clavate, the joints of the funicle 
annular, wider than long, the club greatly enlarged, 
longer than the funicle; mesonotum short, twice as wide 
as long, the pronotum not visible from above; frous very 
narrow, the lateral ocelli close to eye margin, the cyes 
large, rounded, pubescent. ......-. (33) Archinus Howard. 
4, Mesonotum smooth, impunctate, blue or metallic; pedicel about thrice as long 
as thick, the flagellum long, the joints of funicle much 
longer than thick, the club somewhat stouter than the 
funicle; eyes pubescent; scutellum, but not the aviile, 
shagreened........ (34) Parencyrtus Ashmead, new genus. 
Mesonotum feebly sparsely punctate, metallic blue-green; pedicel not twice as 
long as thick, the flagellum long and slender, joints 4-5 
twice longer than thick, cylindrical, the club 3-jointed, 
not thicker than the funicle; eyes large, glabrous; scu- 
tellum as well as the axille sculptured. 
(53) Cerchysius Westwood (part). 
5. Abdomen with the dorsum flat or concave, not rigidly pubescent........---- 6 
Abdomen globose or subovate, much shorter than the thorax, compressed, 
clothed with a rigid white pubescence, the second seg- 
ment usually large, smooth medially: species sometimes 
apterous. 

Pronotum large, conical, longer than the mesovotum; antennie with the 
scape and flagellum strongly compressed, broad, leaf-like; 
abdomen globose. 

(35) Mira Schellenberg—Encyrtus Latreille (part)—Lon- 
chocerus Dahlbom= Euryscapus Forster= Dicellocerus 
Mengel. 

Pronotum not large; antenne simple, the flagellum usually long, subclavate, 
not broad, compressed. 

Head above rounded, seen from in front much longer than wide; frons 
narrow; scape long and slender; scutellum not longer than 
the mesonotum, coriaceous; abdomen ovate, as long as the 
thorax:.---.22-2252..---. .--. (36) Spheropisthus Thomson. 

Head, seen from in front, not longer than wide; frons broad, antenne not 

long, inserted on a line with the base of the eyes, the 
flagellum subclavate, the funicle joints, or at least 3-6, 
wider than long; scutellum large, longer than the meso- 
notum; front wings in female with a substigmal cloud; 
postmarginal and stigmal veins long, the latter ane 
parallel with costal margin; abdomen shorter than the 
thorax, compressed. 

(37) Chestomorpha Ashmead, new genus. 


336 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. | 


3 t 
6. Head not or less distinctly lenticular, smooth, shagreened or finely closely | 


punctate, rarely with a few large punctures scattered over 


the surface; if with large, coarse, thimble-like punctures, __ 


the antennz are inserted on the middle of the face. 


Head always distinctly lenticular, the scrobes short, the punctures frequently __ 


large, thimble-like; hind wings with the costal cell usually 
extending to the hooklets. 
Marginal vein at least twice as long as thick, usually much longer; mesono- 
tam smooth, impunctate, or finely rugulose_.--....--. 10 
Marginal very short, or wanting, punctiform, not or scarcely longer than 
thick; mesonotum punctate. 

Mesonotum with the punctuation unlike that of the head, the punctures 
less dense and the surface coriaceous -...-.---.-.------ 8 

Mesonotum with the punctuation similar to that of the head.._..._.. i 

7. Scape strongly dilated beneath or with a leaf-like expansion, the club much 
enlarged, as long or longer than the funicle. 
(38) Afnasius Walker. 
Scape not dilated, normal, never with a leaf-like expansion, at most clavate. 
Punctures on head and thorax coarse and dense. 

Mesonotum very short, only half the length of the scutellum; club of 
antenne as long.as all the funicle joints united; postmar- 
ginal vein as long as the stigmal. - (39) Chalcaspis Howard. 

Mesonotum at least as long as the scutellum; club of antennz shorter 
than the funicle; postmarginal vein much shorter than 
Glveysitalomal eee eee ae (40) Bothriothorax Ratzeburg. 

Punctures on head and thorax smaller and less dense; mesonotum a little 
longer than the scutellum; funicle joints longer than 


(UDG ey ES aie cee ram er rece ia (41) Aratus Howard. 
8. Vertex very narrow or not very broad, sparsely or very feebly punctate, never 
closely punctate: 5.225225 oss 2s eee eee 9 


Vertex broad, with a distinct thimble-like punctuation. 

Club of antenne shorter than the funicle; postmarginal and stigmal veins 
short ysulbequialys ses teeeeeersees (42) Pentelicus Howard. 
Club of antenne very large, longer than the funicle and pedicel united; 
postmarginal and stigmal veins very long, the latter the 
SHOE tere aN eNO eae yee lee (43) Blepyrus Howard. 
9. Vertex not very narrow, very sparsely and feebly punctate; eyes not especially 
large, nor nearly occupying the whole sides of the head; 
scropes rather deep; scape slightly dilated beneath toward 
apex, the flagellum subclavate ringed with white, the 
club scarcely thicker than the funicle; ocelli in an obtuse 
triangle, the lateral farther apart than to middle or front 
ocellus; wings hyaline, subfuliginous toward base, the mar- 
ginal vein punctiform, the stigmal longer than the short 

postmarginal and marginal united. 
(44) Hemenasius Ashmead, new genus. 
Vertex and face very narrow, feebly punctate; eyes very large, occupying nearly 
the whole sides of the head and almost meeting on vertex ; 
front ocellus placed far in advance of the lateral ocelli, the 
latter close upon the eye margin; flagellum short, clavate, 
the pedicel large, obconic; first joint of funicle as well as 
the following transverse; wings with a large discal cloud 
beneath stigmal and marginal veins, the postmarginal and 
stigmal veins very long ..-.--.-. (45) Euryrhopalus Howard. 


bass. 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. Jot 


10. Marginal vein rather long, rarely shorter than the stigmal..........-....__. 11 
Marginal vein short, rarely much more than twice longer than thick. 

Head with some sparse thimble-like or umbilicate punctures; scutellum a 
little longer than the mesonotum; eyes pubescent. 

Club of antenne not longer than joints 1 and 2 of funicle united, the 
funicle joints all longer than wide; marginal vein scarcely 
so long as the stigmal, the postmarginal longer than the 
stigmal; abdomen conic-ovate, a little longer than the 
head and thorax united, with the ovipositor subexserted, 
dorsum subconcave; mandibles with the two outer teeth 
longer and more acute than the inner. 

(46) Hemencyrtus Ashmead, new genus. 

Club of antennex very large and distinctly longer than the funicle, the 
funicle joints all very short, wider than long; abdomen 
depressed, oval, shorter than the thorax; mandibles with 
small, subequal teeth. 

(47) Coccophoctonus Ashmead, new genus. 
11. Wings embrowned, the costal cell in hind wings narrow and short; mesonotum 
scarcely as long as the scutellum, finely shagreened, with 
sparse punctures; eyes large, bare; flagellum ringed with 
white; pedicel obconical, only a little longer than thick, 
the following joints gradually shortening, the last three 
s funiclar joints being not longer than wide. 
(48) Phenodiscus Forster. 
Wings hyaline, the costal cell in hind wings long and narrow; mesonotum 
much shorter than the scutellum, finely transversely regu- 
lose or shagreened, especially anteriorly; eyes pubescent; 
flagellum subclavate, not ringed with white; pedicel very 
long, three times as long as thick, the funiclar joints, 
except the first, wider than long. 

(49) Khytidothorax Ashmead, new genus. 
12. Antenne inserted near the mouth border or very far below the middle of the 
BIOS ey ea esc Oy SS re ee ea a et 13 

Antenne inserted on or a little above the middle of the face. 

Frons convex, somewhat coarsely and closely punctured; scape not extend- 
ing beyondocelli; mesothorax rather coarsely shagreened ; 
front wings with the marginal, stigmal, and postmarginal 
veins long, subequal..-.-.-.... - (50) Tanaoneura Howard. 

Frons highly conyex but smooth; scape very long, extending far beyond 
the ocelli; mesonotum smooth, polished; front wings 
fasciate or maculate, the marginal vein short, the post- 
marginal and stigmal veins much longer. 

(51) Hexacladia Ashmead. 


ieeAntenn ce with the fumicley 34 oro) joumbediss seca ie see oscil cee eee oe 29 
Antenne with the funicle 6-jointed. 
Metathorax bare or with the lateral ridges superiorly alone pilose..---. 16 


Metathorax with the pleura and the lateral ridges always clothed with a 

dense silvery-white pubescence; body rather robust. 
Antenne ip sexes dissimilar, the club not thicker than the funicle _.. 14 
Antenne in sexes similar, the club strongly obliquely acuminate, conical, 
often white; front wings most frequently with a fuscous 

cloud or macula; seape cylindrical, not at all dilated. 

Marginal vein not punctiform, the stigmal and postmarginal veins 

rather long, at least twice longer than the marginal. 
(52) Homalotylus Mayr. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 


22 


338 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Marginal vein punctiform, the stigmal vein long, curved, the post- 
marginal vein entirely wanting or punctiform. 
(53) Isodromus Howard. 
14. Marginal and postmarginal veins not very short, the former usually but not 
always a little longer than the stigmal. 
Thorax without a white lunula before the tegulie; ovipositor not exserted, or 
if exserted very slender, the sheaths never broad. ---- 15 
Thorax with a white lunula before the tegule, rarely without; ovipositor 
strongly exserted, thick and compressed, the sheaths 
broad; abdomen rather long, as seen from above conic- 
OViaTeR AAs Sees eae eee (54) Cerchysius Westwood. 
15. Frons rather narrow, the eyes large, converging above, the lateral ocelli lying 
close to the eye margin; abdomen oval or ovate, the ovi- 
positor not exserted; thorax not closely or deeply punc- 
tate; hind wings with the costal cell short and narrow. 
(55) Sceptrophorus Forster. 
Frons not narrow, the eyes smalier-and only slightly converging above, the 
lateral ocelli not close to eye border, distant; scrobes 
semicircular; abdomen oval, rotund, the ovipositor exser- 
ted but very slender; thorax short, closely punctured or 
with large, deep punctures; hind wings with the costal 
cell broad and extending to the hooklets. 
(56) Echthroplexis Forster. 
16. Head with the frons prominent, the face inflexed; antennz frequently strongly 
compressed, dilated; front wings usually fuscous or with 
fuscous rays, the marginal vein somewhat thick, obiong, 
very rarely much shorter or much longer than the stigmal, 
the postmarginal usually wanting; ovipositor not or 
scarcely, exsertediit Son yoh2 SaaS yeaa a ee 23 


Head as viewed from the side, with the frons not prominent; antennze normal 


or at the most with the scape compressed; wings hyaline, 
rarely fuscous or subfuscous, with whitish transverse or 
hyaline bands, the marginal vein rarely punctiform, but 
rarely longer than the stigmal vein, the postmarginal vein 
most frequently developed, rarely wanting or shorter than 
the marginal or stigmal veins. 
Marginal vein not short, punctiform but rarely longer than the stigmal, the 
postmarginal vein most frequently well developed, rarely 
somewhat shorter than the marginal or stigmal veins - 17 
Marginal vein very short, punctiform, rarely longer than thick, the stigmal 
vein from 24 to 3 times longer than the marginal, the 
postmarginal vein wanting, or short, only slightly de- 
veloped, rarely well developed; scape slender or at most 
subclavate; body metallic. 
Pedicel obconical, much stouter and longer than the first joint of funicle; 
sometimes as long as 1-2 united; frons rather narrow, the 
eyes as seen from in front somewhat convergent above; 
club of antenne not especially large, shorter than the 
funicle. 
Lateral ocelli close to or touching the eye margin; postmarginal 
vein not or only slightly developed. 
Eyes bare; postmarginal vein not developed. 
(57) Ooencyrtus Ashmead, new genus. 
Eyes pubescent; postmarginal vein as long as marginal. 
(60) Ageniaspis Dahlbom (part). 


ot et hts-<i BOC aa eee eR i aie se 


NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN4—ASHMEAD. 339 


Toten al ocelli oor alone to eon eye margin, Miron one and a half to 
twice their width from it; saatamectinel vein somewhat 
developed ..------ (58) Psyllephagus Ashmead, new genus. 

Pedicel short, scarcely longer than thick; frons moderate, the ocelli about 
their width from eye margin; club of antenne large, the 
length of funicle or nearly; funicle joints short, submo- 
niliform, the three or four terminal joints wider than long. 

(59) Coccidencyrtus Ashmead, new genus. 
Wespeciesmmetallic or Sulbrme ua lhiC sas pps separa sale 9 le) arses eicieticies re eje = 18 
Species not metallic; head and thorax opaque or subopaque, alutaceous, or 
closely microscopically punctate or shagreened and pubes- 
cent. 
Postmarginal vein present. 

First joint of the funicle shorter than the pedicel, all the funicle joints 
being short; marginal vein punctiform. (60) Aphycus Mayr. 

First joint of the funicle much longer than the pedicel, cylindrical, the 
following gradually shortening but the last is stilla little 


longer than thick ...........(61) Heterarthrellus Howard. 
Postmarginal vein wanting; joints of funicle increasing in width but not 
longer than wide..-......--.- . (62) Astymachus Howard. 


18. Thorax without ascaly pubescence and without white lunule before tke tegule 19 
Thorax with a scaly pubescence and with white lunule before the tegule. 

Scape more or Jess dilated beneath, especially toward apex, rarely simple, 

the flagellum ringed with white; wings hyaline, the stig- 

mal and postmarginal veins subequal, longer than the 


MAT alle ee ee een a (Oo) me aLastovuix Manas 
19. Scape normal, not expanded or dilated eneat hy at it fence ate wines hya- 
BIST @ fey arse ree eee es ee eerepslape ae ene a Delle i ho dates oe 20 


Scape dilated or expanded beneath, the club not especially enlarged, shorter 
than the funicle, the latter usually ringed with white, the 
first four joints of same longer than wide; front wings 
usually with fuscous bands or fuscous with hyaline bands 
OG dnan kines ese se eae ean (64) Microterys Thomson. 

20. Thorax smooth, impunctate, or at the most microscopically reticulate, or with 
fine longitudinal striz on the mesonotum...-....----- 21 

Thorax finely coriaceous, subopaque, without punctures scattered over the sur- 
face; frons punctured; postmarginal vein longer than the 
stigmal. 

Scape subclavate, the funicle 6-jointed, the joints wider than long, the club 
not thicker than the funicle; front wings hyaline with an 
oblique hairless line from the marginal vein; stigmal and 
postmarginal veins longer than the marginal; scutellum 
with a delicate median grooved line at base; stigmal 
vein as long as the marginal and postmarginal veins 
united. 

(65) Holcencyrtus Ashmead, new genus. 
21. Mesonotum with fine longitudinal strizx. 

Stigmal vein scarcely longer than the marginal, the postmarginal longer 
than the marginal and stigmal veins united; eyes pubes- 
cent; funicle joints 2-4 not longer than wide. 

(66) Ageniaspis Dahlbom. 

Mesonotum smooth, impunctate, or at the most microscopically reticulate. 

Stigmal vein very short, not or scarcely so long as the marginal and the 
postmarginal veins. united; axille meet at their inner 
basal aneles or are separated. _.-.----.--.22----+-+--- 22 


340 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


22. 


Sime vein vad Tomer than the marginal, as long or longer than the 
marginal and postmarginal veins united; axillie do not 
meet at their inner basal angle; club of antennx not - 
much enlarged, only about half as long as the funicle, the 
joints of the funicle cylindrical, much longer than wide, 
never moniliform; abdomen conic-ovate, usually a little 
longer than the head and thorax united. 

(67) Pseudencyrtus Ashmead, new genus. 
Stigmal vein not longer than the marginal and postmarginal veins united, usu- 
ally distinctly shorter, the postmarginal vein very short 

or shorter than the stigmal. 

Club of antenne much enlarged, usually as long, longer, or nearly as long 
as the funicle, and obliquely-truncate from beneath, the 
joints of the funicle, or at least the first three or four 
joints, moniliform, or not longer than thick, the others 
transverse, broader than long; abdomen ovate, rarely 
longer than the head and thorax united, most frequently 
the length of the thorax or a little longer. 

(68) Hpiencyrtus Ashmead, new genus. 

Club of puree not much enlarged, nor obliquely truncate from beneath, 
fusiform, and less than half the length of the funicle, none 
of the funicle joints wider than long; abdomen short 
ovate, hardly as long as the thorax. 

(69) Syrphophagus Ashmead, new genus. 

Stigmal vein very short, scarcely so long as the marginal and postmarginal 
veins united, the former being not more than or hardly 
twice as long as thick, the postmarginal never well devel- 
oped, although acuminate and longer than the short mar- 
ginal; club of antenn oblong, stouter, and a little more 
than half the length of the funicle, the first two or three 
joints of the tunicle short or moniliform, the following 
usually a little longer than thick, or, at most, with only 
the last two joints a little wider than long; abdomen 
broadly oval and considerably shorter than the thorax; 
scntellum variable, subopaquely sculptured or polished, 
impunctate, the axille not quite meeting at their inner 


basal angles...... (70) Aphidencyrtus Ashmead, new genus. 

A ANAT GL NCE Geseconcseod0 soUSco CoS0o0.o50u Gogeco. bane 169600 c95G05 Sond coce 24 
Wingless. 

Scutellum triangular, acute at apex, not declivous, antennxw simple, the 

Scrobes dee peesteeese saree ene (71) Choreia Westwood. 


. Head with the face much inflexed, the scrobes deep, semicircular, the frons 
, 1) 2. 


most frequently regularly punctate. ...-.....-...-..-- 25 
Head always semiglobose, the face less distinctly inflexed, the scrobes, however, 
always forming a semicircle; antenne simple or at least 
never much compressed nor very broad, subcylindrical; 
wings not fusco-radiate; scutellum with a clump of hairs 


ab apPeR. = ue ee a erst: (72) Cheiloneurus Westwood. 
. Wings fuscous, usually with the extreme tips white or hyaline............. Ti 
WANES AHN IN OOUI MEY) Caoe ShdooseeSusoesacHeoges cudocS cocSou sob des cecocd 26 


Wings hyaline, or at most with a discal cloud; antenn short. 

Eyes large, rounded, strongly converging above, and leaving a very narrow 
or linear vertex; antenne very short, the club enormously 
enlarged, longer than the funicle and several times thicker, 
the joints of the funicle transverse. 

(73) Zaomma Ashmead, new genus. 


ponte 


NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINZ—ASHMEAD. 341 


Eyes not unusually large, only slightly converging above, the vertex not 
especially narrow ; club of antenn not unusually enlarged 
and about the length of the funicle, the joints of the 
funicle transverse, the first two or three submoniliform. 

(74) Adelencyrtus Ashmead, new genus. 
Wings with leopard-like spots; antenn very long and slender, longer than the 
body, the club not enlarged. 
(75) Callipteroma Motschulsky. 
26. Head oblong; antennz strongly compressed, broad; occipital margin and scu- 
tellum normal..-.----.-.--..(76) Cerapterocerus Westwood. 
Head not oblong; antennz neither strongly compressed nor broad; occipital 
margin medially and superiorly with two strong clavate 
hairs; scutellum at apex with one or two clumps of stiff, 
broad bristles or clavate hairs; marginal vein more than 
twice as long as thick. 
Funicle 6-jointed, the joints wider than long, the club not especially large. 
(77) Habrolenis Forster. 

Funicle 4-jointed, the joints fully twice as long as thick, or a little longer, 
the club very large, fusiform, nearly as long as the funicle 
andemuchistouterses-4-e 4-4-2 (78) Homalopoda Howard.! 

27. Marginal vein shorter than the stigmal or no longer...-.. .._.....---..----. 28 
Marginal vein longer than the stigmal; facial impression not bounded by a dis- 
tinct arched carina superiorly. 

Head with aseries of moderately large punctures; axill very narrow, trans- 
versely wedge-shaped, with their points just meeting at 
base of scutellum; scutellum with a tuft of bristles at 
CUD os, tershy Sie Sade eeae sey (79) Eusemion Dabhlbom. 

Head smooth, shining, with very fine, sparse punctures; ocelli in an acute 
triangle; axille united at base of scutellum; scutellum 


without a tuft of bristles ...... -_-. (80) Atropates Howard. 

28. Facial impression and scrobes deep, bounded by a distinct arched carina 
superiorly. 

Scutellum with a tuft of bristles; stigmal and postmarginal veins very 

TONG ae Nor een sae ey (81) Chrysoplaiyeerus Ashmead. 


Scutellum without a tuft of bristles; marginal and postmarginal veins sub- 
equal, the stigmal a little the longer: eyes naked; ocelli 
in an acute triangle; funicle not longer than the first joint 
ofstibnerclulbp ree sseeeeciee eee eisees (82) Asteropeus Howard. 

Scutellum without a tuft of bristles; stigmal and postmarginal veins not 
long; eyes pubescent; joints of the funicle all short and 
rapidly widening from the narrow pedicel, the club longer 
than the funicle, obliquely trancate from beneath toward 
apex; tarsi short‘and somewhat thickened. 

(83) Anicetus Howard. 

Facial impression not bounded by an arched carina superiorly; scutellum nor- 
mal; eyes pubescent; antenne short, the scape somewhat 

broadly dilated toward apex; the flagellum strongly incras- 

sated, scarcely longer than the scape, the very large club 

longer than the funicle, the joints of funicle annular; 


1T am satisfied this is the genus Dr. Howard intended to name Habrolepoidea, and 
not the one which now bears the name, and threugh some clerical error the names 
were transposed. This resembles and has an affinity with Habrolepis, while the 
other has not a particle of resemblance or relationship. The name Homalopoda also 
fittingly describes the structural characteristics of the genus now bearing the name 
Habrolepoidea. 


342 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


marginal vein punctiform, the stigmal and postmarginal 
veins very long, as in Hncyrtus (Comys) sens. str. 
(84) Zarhopalus Ashmead, new genus. 
29. Antenne 10-jointed, the funicle 5-jointed. 
Scape linear, wholly received in the scrobes; marginal vein punctiform. 
(85) Metallon Walker. 


Antenne 9-jointed, the funicle 4-jointed.............--. (86) Cercobelus Walker. 
Antenne 6-jointed, the funicle 3-jointed .._....... ---- (87) Coccobius Ratzebure. 


30. Males. 

Mandibles with the teeth shorter, less acute; labrum not conspicuous; frons 
punctate and frequently with a series of large, thimble- 
like punctures; wings often ornate, wanting or much 
abbreviated sete sce vee ee ere, cata See 34 | 

Mandibles rather long, with acute teeth, the apical one usually larger and 
more acute than the other two; labrum conspicuous; frons 
very closely punctate or shagreened, the large punctures | 
wanting; front wings not ornate, usually with a puncti- 
form or very short marginal vein, the hind wings usually 
with a long costal cell, which extends to the hooklets; 
head rather narrow, as viewed from in front, somewhat 
long, subtriangular, the scrobes forming a triangle. 


Postmarginal vein distinctly longer than the stigmal ..-..---:...__-. 33 
Postmarginal vein wanting or hardly developed, the marginal vein-very 

SOKO PUNE LTO yes payee re ene 31 

31. Head, viewed from in front, not longer than wide, the cheeks not long. ---_. 32 


Head, viewed from in front, much longer than wide, the cheeks long. 

Front wings without marginal cilia; antenne very long and slender, the fla- 
gellar joints all very long, the sixth the shortest, but five 
times as long as wide. ..._.._-_-__--- (26) Psilophrys Mayr. 

Front wings with marginal cilia. 

Pedicel three or more times longer than thick at apex, the flagellum 
with long hairs. 
Funicle joints about four times as long as thick, cylindrical; meso- 
notum and scutellum shagreened. 2 
(27) Parapsilophrys Howard. 
Funicle less than thrice as long as thick; mesonotum reticulate. 
(28) Liothorax Mayr. 
Pedicel not three times as long as thick, the flagellum clothed with long 
TAIT ye eit ey reyes ese eee (31) Copidosoma Ratzeburg. 
32. Cheeks about half the length of the eyes; funiclar joints 1-5 triangulariy 
toothed, with long hairs........-. (32) Prionomitus Mayr. 
Cheeks very short; eyes large, rounded; pubescent; pedicel thrice as long as 
thick: 2h ese ee eee ee See ee (33) Archinus Howard. 
33. Mesonotum lustrous, smooth, blue or metallic. 

Pedicel about thrice as long as thick, the flagellum filiform or subfiliform, 
with short, sparse pubescence, the funicle joints from two 
and a half to three times as long as thick; the first very 
long, four or more times longer than thick; eyes pubes- 
cent; postmarginal vein very long. 

(34) Parencyrtus Ashmead, new genus. 
34. Abdomen with the dorsum flat or concave, not rigidly pubescent ___....-_-. 35 
Abdomen subglobose or subovate, clothed with a rigid white pubescence. 

Pronotum large, conical ; antenn:e strongly compressed, broad ; wings 
poorly developed or wanting, not extending to middle of 
abdomen. (Fully developed wings probably occur.) 

(35) Mira Schellenberg. 


No, 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN.E—ASHMEAD. 343 


Pronotum not large; antennee simple, neither compressed nor broad. 

Head, seen from in front, much longer than wide; marginal vein not 
short ; antennz long, the flagellum subclavate, clothed 
with a short, dense pubescence. 

(36) Spheropisthus Thomson. 

Head, seen from in front, not longer than wide; marginal vein very short, 
the postmarginal vein longer than the stigimal; flagellum 
filiform, the joints nearly thrice as long as thick. 

(387) Chestomorpha Ashmead, new genus. 
35. Head not or less distinctly lenticular, opaque, minutely, closely punctate, sha- 
greened, or smooth and shining, at the most with only a 
fo walaLeeppuMeLUreSraco=4)- 2 senose see) sas neal oa, 39 
Head transversely broad, always lenticular, the scrobes short, the punctures 
large, thimble-like; hind wings with the costal cell usually 

extending to the hooklets. 

Marginal vein rarely short, at least longer than thick, and usually much 
longer; mesonotum smooth, impunctate, or at most sha- 
{Ld SYS OVELG LS ess Es Se mae eas eee ee 37 

Marginal vein very short, punctiform, not or scarcely longer than thick; 
mesonotum punctate. 

Mesonotum with the punctuation unlike that of the head, the punctures 
less dense and the surface finely coriaceous; postmarginal 
and stigmal veins short, subequal --..--..-........_.. 36 

Mesonotum with the punctuation similar to that of the head; postmar- 
ginal vein very short or subobsolete (rarely long), the 
stigmal vein long. 

Scape normal, without a leaf-like expansion beneath. 
Punctures on head and thorax cearse and dense. 

Mesonotum very short, only about half the length of the 
scutellum; postmarginal vein usually as long as the 
stigmal; flagellum long, with long sparse hairs, not ar- 
ranged in half whorls. .---.-----. (39) Chalcaspis Howard. 

Mesonotum at least-as long as the scutellum or very nearly; 
postmarginal vein much shorter than the stigmal; fla- 
gellum with funicle joints subexcised at apex, with half 
whorls of long hairs.....--. (40) Bothriothorae Ratzeburg. 

Punctures on head and thorax smaller and less dense; mesono- 
tum a little longer than the scutellum. 

(41) Aratus Howard. 

36. Vertex and face broad, finely shagreened, and sparsely punctate; scrobes deep 

; semicircular. 

2 Pedicel obconical, longer than thick at apex, the flagellum subclavate, the 
joints, after the first, wider than long. 

(42) Pentelicus Howard. 

Pedicel very minute, the flagellum filiform, pilose, the joints subequal, 
about two and one-half times as long as thick. 

(48) Blepyrus Howard. 
Vertex and face very narrow, or not broad. 

Head with coarse thimble-like punctures, the thorax smooth, impunctate; 
flagellum short, thick, filiform, clothed witl a dense 
short pubescence, the joints wider than long. 

(38) Aenasius Walker. 

Head smooth without coarse thimble-like punctures, at the most with some 

‘ sparse punctures on the vertex; flagellum long, sub- 
clavate, not thick and only sparsely pubescent. 
(45) Euryrhopalus Howard. 


o44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


37. Marginal vein rather long, rarely shorter than the stigmal ....--........--- 38 
Marginal vein rarely more than twice as long as thick, head with rather sparse, 
scattered, umbilicate punctures, the scutellum a little 

longer than the mesonotum. 

Head not wider than the thorax between the wings; flagellum not short, 
filiform, and clothed with rather short sparse hairs, the 
funicle joints longer than wide, the first a little the 
longest .-.-.----.-(46) Hemencyrtus Ashmead, new genus. 

Head wider than the thorax between the wings; flagellum short, strongly 
clavate, as in the female; the club large and longer than 
the funicle, the joints of the latter minute annular. 

(47) Coccophoctonus Ashmead, new genus. 
38. Mesonotum as long as the scutellum or nearly, rarely somewhat shorter, the 
surface finely shagreened, at most with some feebly 
defined sparse punctures ; Sao cna vein shorter than the 
stigmal, the latter not very short; flagellum filiform, 
pilose, the funicle joints about twice as long as thick; 
eyes babevtoosa See gen seer ee (48) Phenodiscus Forster. 
Mesonotum much shorter than the scutellum, finely delicately shagreened or 
rugulose especially anteriorly; marginal vein a little 
longer than the stigmal; flagellum subclavate, densely 
pubescent, the funicle joints 2-6 not longer than thick, 

if anything a little wider than long; eyes pubescent. 
(49) Rhytidothorax Ashmead, new genus. 
. Antenne inserted near the mouth border or far below the middle of the 
IEC eer en Ree Me ee RP ER Bate Sooodc Goo 40 

Antenne inserted on or a little above the middle of the face. 

Frons subconvex, somewhat coarsely and closely punctate; thorax rather 
coarsely shagreened or finely regulose; scape not extend- 
ing beyond ocelli; front wings with the marginal, post- 
marginal and stigmal veins long, subequal. 

(50) Tanaoneura Howard. 

Frons highly convex, smooth and polished, as is also the thorax; scape long, 
extending far beyond the ocelli; front wings with the 
marginal, postmarginal, and stigmal veins rather short, 
the marginal thickened with a fuscous cloud or band 
beneath; flagellum with 6 long branches. 

: (51) Hexacladia Ashmead. 
40. Antenne with the funicle 2, 3, 4, or 5-jointed .......----..--.------ ------- 57 


Sy) 
ite) 


Antenne with the funicle 6-jointed (in a single case 2-jointed). 
Metathorax bare, or with the lateral ridges superiorly alone pilose -.---- 44 
Metathorax with the pleura and the lateral ridges always clothed with a 
dense silvery pubescence; body rather robust .....--. 41 


41. Antenne unlike those of the female, filiform, pilose, or with whorls of hairs, or 
the funicle joints dentate or subpedunculate, with whorls 
or fasciclessotuhainrs)<2 ose eee seers EN ere 42 
Antenne similar to those of the female, filiform or at most subclavate, the club 
conical, strongly obliquely truncate from beneath, often 
white, the scape cylindrical, not at all dilated; front wings 

usually with a discoidal fuscous cloud or macula. 
Marginal vein not punctiform, although short, the stigmal and postmarginal 

veins long, very much longer than the marginal. 

(52) Homalotylus Mayr. 
Marginal vein punctiform, the stigmal vein long, the postmarginaél vein not 
developed or wanting..-.-...---. (53) Isodromus Howard. 


NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN4—ASHMEAD. 345 


42. Marginal and postmarginal veins not very short, the former usually a little 
longer than the stigmal, rarely somewhat shorter. 

Thorax without white lunule before the tegulie 

- Thorax, with white lunule, or at least a dot, before the tegule 
(54) Cerchysius Westwood. 
43, Hind wings, with the costal cell short and narrow. 

Antenne long; the flagellum long, cylindrical, clothed with long, sparse 
hairs; the funicle joints long. 

(55) Sceptrophorus Forster = Trichomasthus Thomson. 

Hind wings with the costal cell broad and extending as far as the hooklets. 
(56) Hehthroplexis Forster. 
44. Head with the frons prominent, the face inflexed; antennze frequently com- 
pressed, dilated, broad; front wings usually with fuscous 
rays or fuscous with white tips, more rarely hyaline, 
apterous or subapterous; marginal vein usually some- 
what thickened, oblong, very rarely much longer or much 
shorter than the stigmal, the postmarginal frequently 
WING LINO ered ie er ery aeen Sein Seen PARIS cdc ts see es Sd 51 
Head, as seen from the side, with the frons not prominent; wings most fre- 
quently hyaline, although sometimes with transverse fus- 

cous bands or fuscous with white bands. 

Marginal vein notshort, punctiform, butrarely longerthan thestigmal, always 
more than twice longer than thick, the postmarginal most 
frequently well developed, rarely somewhat shorter than 
ihe gmian cima lee ae eee ean eee cin Bo eal 45 

Marginal vein very short, punctiform, rarely longer than thick, the stigmal 
from two and a half to three times or more longer than the 
marginal; the postmarginal wanting or very short, not 
well developed; scape slender or at most subclavate, never 
dilated; frons usually rather narrow, the eyes, as seen from 
in front, slightly converging above. 

Flagellum with the hairs on the funicle joints not arranged in half 
whorls. 
Lateral ocelli touching the eye margin; flagellum with long hairs. 
Eyes bare; postmarginal vein not developed or so slightly devel- 
oped as not to be considered. 
(57) Ooencyrtus Ashmead, new genus. 
Eyes pubescent; postmarginal vein as long as the marginal. 
(66) Ageniaspis Dahlbom (part). 
Lateral ocelli not close to the eye margin; postmarginal vein some- 
what developed; flagellum filiform, with a short pubes- 
cence. 
(58) Psyllephaqus Ashmead. 
Flagellum with the hairs on the funicle joints arranged in half whorls. 
(59) Coccidencyrtus Ashmead, new genus. 
JS, SPScles WiCuENUNG Oe SMM MUIG: 55 — soacos s556ue saben couase cdo5 cae osOedoeeT 46 
Species not metallic; head and thorax opaque or subopaque, alutaceous, closely 
microscopically punctate or shagreened, and pubescent. 

Postmarginal vein present. 

_ Pedicc? longer than the first joint of funicle; flagellum clothed with 
hairs, the funicle joints, except its first two or three, not 
or scarcely longer than thick ....-..-.(60) Aphycus Mayr. 

Pedicel very short; flagellum elongate, the club only slightly enlarged, 
the funicle joints elongate, cylindrical, ana clothed with 
sparse, long hairs..-.-.-----. (61) Heterarthrellus Howard. 

Postmarginal vein wanting. 


346 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


Pedicel as long as the first funicle joint; flagellum subclavate, the club 
not quite so long as funicle joints 4-6 united, first joint of 
funicle the longest, the following gradually shortening, 
clothed with a short, rather dense pubescence. 

(62) Astymachus Howard. 

46. Thorax without a scaly pubescence and without white lunule before the tegule. 47 
Thorax with a scaly pubescence and with white lunule before the tegule. 

Flagellum elongate, the funicle joints long, excised or subexcised at apex 


with whorls of long hairs ...-...--- (63) Blastothrix Mayr. 
47. Scape normal, not expanded or dilated beneath, at the most subclavate; wings 
hyaline. Jo. 5 2h SMU Se ie es a a ee 48 


Scape usually dilated or expanded beneath, or at least with a carina, rarely 
simple, unlike the female; wings fuscous or subfuscous, 
with transverse hyaline bands, rarely hyaline. 

Thorax smooth but microscopically coriaceous, with sparse punctures seat- 
tered over the surface; frons with a series of punctures, 
especially on the orbits ....-..-.(64) Microterys Thomson. 

48. Thorax finely coriaceous, subopaque, without punctures scattered over the sur- 
face; frons punctate; scutelinm with a delicate impressed 
median line; wings pubescenct, with an oblique hairless 
line from base of stigmal vein; flagellum subfiliform, 
clothed with a short, dense pubescence, the funicle joints 
a little wider than long. 

(65) Holcencyrtus Ashmead, new genus. 

Thorax smooth, impunctate, or at the most microscopically reticulate, or with 
fine longitudinal striz on the mesonotum. 

Mesonotum smooth, impunctate, or at the most MUETOScOpicallly) reticulate. 49 

Mesonotum with ane longitudinal striz. 

Stigmal vein scarcely longer than the marginal, the postmarginal vein 
longer than the marginal and stigmal veins united; eyes 
pubescent -....-...--...-.-----.(66) Ageniaspis Dahlbom. 

49. Stigmal vein very short, not or scarcely so long as the marginal and postmarginal 
veins united; axille meet at their inner basal angles . 50 

Stigmal vein much longer than the marginal, as long or longer than the margiual 
and postmarginal veins united; axille do not quite meet 
at their inner basal angles. 

Antenne with the scape rather short and stout, not reaching to the front 
ocelli, the flagellum elongate filiform, clothed with sparse 
moderately long hairs, the funicle joints about thrice as 
long as thick, or nearly. 

(67) Pseudencyrius Ashmead, new genus. 

Antenne with the scape long, slender, reaching to or beyond the front ocelli, 
the flagellum elongate, filiform, the funicle joints more 
than twice longer than wide, with long sparse hairs; 
scutellum shagreened or striate. 

(64) Microterys Thomson (part). 

50. Stigmal vein not longer than the marginal and postmarginal veins united, usually 
distinctly shorter, the postmarginal very short, or shorter 
than the stigmal.. .(68) Mpiencyrtus Ashmead, new genus. 

Antenne with the scape short, not extending beyond the middle of the face, 
the flagellum filiform, sparsely pilose, the funicle joints 
about two and a half times as long as thick; lateral ocelli 
about or nearly twice their width from eye margin. 

(69) Syrphophagus Ashmead, new genus. 

Stigmal vein very short, scarcely so long as the marginal and postmarginal 
united, the former being not more than or hardly twice as 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN H—ASHMEAD. 347 


long as thick, the postmarginal never well developed, 

although acuminate and longer than the short marginal. 

Flagellum filiform, pilose, the joints of funicle about twice as long as thick; 
lateral ocelli at least their width from eye margin. 

(70) Aphidencyrtus Ashmead, new genus. 


51. Scutellum neither triangular nor acute at apex ..-....-.---.--------...---- 51 
Seutellum triangular, acute at apex. 

Antenne simple, subfiliform, pubescent ..--...----- (71) Choreia Westwood. 

ALIN CERO ONGC ears eet aaey 7 Veet ace eon eR eon ee oh Soe 53 


Funicle 2-jointed, the club unusually long and cylindrical (teste Mayr). 
(77) Habrolepis Forster. 
53. Head with vertex antero-posteriorly broad, the face much inflexed, the frons 
regularly punctate; antenne with the scape and flagellum 
usually strongly compressed, broad; wings fuscous or 
WAL OIUS CONS PPA Sieaeara yas Be eee ee oe a an 54. 
Head always semiglobose, the face less distinctly inflexed, the scrobes always 
forming a semicircle; antenn simple, filiform, the joints 
long, cylindrical, distinctly separated and hairy, rarely 
slightly compressed; wings usually fusco-radiate or partly 
fuscous, rarely entirely hyaline. 
Scape elongate, extending to or beyond the middie ocellus, the flagellum 
very long, clothed with rather long hairs. 
(72) Cheiloneurus Westwood = Sterrhocoma Forster, male. 
LT SSPISCOUS, wilh MALTON) Wilve bips)-= S22 2 oops see ee lee Sai 55 
Wings hyaline, the marginal vein rather long, stout, as long as the stigmal vein, 
the latter not short, the postmarginal not developed; 
antennie long, filiform, the flagellum with sparse moder- 
ately long hairs; funicle joints 1-6 constricted at apex or 
subpedunculate, somewhat similar to the male in Lury- 
LOMG eee ee aes Ciera (76) Cerapterocerus Westwood. 
Pe Mancimalaveimishorter than the stigmal <9. - io 222 7. o5 2-2 sce ae 56 
Marginal vein longer than the stigmal. 
Facial impression not bounded by a distinct carina superiorly. 
(79) Eusemion Dahlbom. 
56. Facial impression and scrobes deep, bounded by a high carina superiorly. 
Scutellum with a tuft of bristles; stigmal and postmarginal veins very long. 
(80) Chrysonlatycerus Ashmead. 
Secutellum without a tuft of bristles; stigmal and postmarginal veins not 
OT Oe Ss scnpene splice ceee eens (83) Anicetus Howard. 
Facial impression not bounded by a carina superiorly. 
(84) Zarhopalus Ashmead, new genus. 


57. Antenne 10-jointed, with a 5-jointed funicle........---.- (85) Metallon Walker. 
Antenne 9-jointed, the funicle 4-jointed .-......-..--.. (86) Cercobelus Walker. 
Antenne 6-jointed, the funicle 5-jointed.......-. -.-- (87) Coccobius Ratzeburg. 
Antenne 5-jointed, the funicle 2-jointed, the club unusually long and cylin- 


Giricalte estes womsite eee snare ik (77) Habrolepis Forster. 


meiloe, LVe VNR EE INOm EA GUN TT: 


This tribe is proposed for two genera differing decidedly from the 
other tribes in mandibular characters, as well as in general habitus. 
The mandibles are acutely pointed or conical, and edentate: the tarsi 
4 or 5 jointed; while the marginal vein is wanting or punctiform, the 
postmarginal vein wanting, the stigmal vein sometimes present. 


TABLE OF GENERA. 
Parsi 4-jOrmmbed. 225 Vos. sss se ae back ee Se ee ea a ce a 2 
Tarsi 5-jointed. 

Front wings with the marginal vein punctiform, the postmarginal wanting, 
the stigmal rather short and curved; female with 10-jointed antennx, the 
funicle 5-jointed, joints 1-3 small, wider than long; ovipositor exserted. 

(88) Rhopoideus Howard. 

2. Front wings with the marginal and stigmal veins wanting, the subcostal vein 
not quite attaining the costal edge and terminating in a stigma, female with 
3-jointed, male with 9-jointed antenna. .-.-(89) Arrhenophagus Aurivillius. 


Subfamily Il HNCY RITIN 2. 


Tribe I. ECTROMINI. 
1. CALOCERINUS Howard. 
1892. Calocerinus Howarb, Proc. U.S, Nat. Mus., XV, p. 269. 
1. CALOCERINUS FLORIDANUS Ashmead. 
(Type, Tetracnemus floridanus Ashmead.) 


Tetracnemus floridanus ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII, 1885, Proc., p. xviii, 
male. 
Calocerinus floridanus HowaRD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 368, 
Type.—Cat. No. 4718, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.— Florida: Jacksonville. 


2. TETRALOPHIDEA Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Tetralophidea bakeri Ashmead.) 


This genus comes nearest to Calocerinus Howard, but the head is not 
quite so large nor so broad proportionately; the lateral ocelli are more 
distant from the eye margin, being about three times as far from the 
eye margin as their diameter; the pronotum is shorter; the mesonotum 
and scutellum are less convex; the wings are clear hyaline, not fuscous 
with white bands, as in Calocerinus; while the abdomen is proportion- 
ately longer. 

The genus is readily separated from Calocerinus, the only one with 


which it shows any affinity, by the hyaline wings and the position of the © 


ocelli. 
1. TETRALOPHIDEA BAKERI Ashmead, new species. 


Male.—Length, 1.5 to nearly 2 mm. Head and thorax aeneous black, 
the mesopleura blue; mandibles dark rufous or ferruginous, bidentate; 
legs aeneous with all the tarsi brown-black or dark fuscous. Head 
and thorax above with a distinct metallic luster, and microscopically 
reticulate or shagreened, the face with some scattered punctures. 
Antenne 11-jointed, inserted below the middle of the face, the flagellum 
with four long pilose branches, a branch on joints 1-4; pedicel obconieal, 
searcely longer than thick at apex, funicle6-jointed, the first joint annular, 


the fourth elongate, more than twice longer than the three preceding, the 


348 PROCKHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 349 


fifth and sixth also elongate, but shorter. than the fourth; club fusi- 
form, indistinctly 3-jointed. Mesonotum subdepressed in front of the 
scutellum; axillz not quite meeting at base of scutellum; metathorax 
short, with the hind angles smooth, bare. Wings hyaline, the venation 
mostly dark-brown or piceous, the submarginal vein, except at apex, 
pale yellowish; marginal vein about thrice as long as the stigmal, the 
postmarginal short, not longer than the stigmal, the latter being short, 
subpetiolate and ending in a knob. Legs aeneous black, the hind 
coxe metallic green, the tarsi brown-black or fuscous, the anterior and 
middle tarsi basally and the middle tibial spur, yellowish. 

Types._-Cat. Nos. 5082-5085, U.S.N.M. (Carl F’. Baker collection.) 

Habitat.—Colorado. 


3. MEROMYZOBIA Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Hricydnus maculipennis Ashmead. ) 


Stature and general appearance of Hricydnus Walker, but readily 
distinguished from it and allied genera by its antennal characters, the 
funicle being only 4-jointed, with two small ring-joints. It is the only 
genus in the tribe Hctromini with two ring-joints, aud includes wingless 
or subapterous forms, as well as those with wings fully developed. 

Head transverse, viewed from in front rounded, the frons subconvex, 
finely shagreened or coriaceous, with a few minute punctures scattered 
over the surface. Mandibles bidentate. Antenne 11-jointed—scape, 
pedicel, two ring-joints, a 4-jointed funicle, and a 3-jointed club. Prono- 
tum conical, the hind margin obtusely triangularly emarginate; meso- 
notum smooth, a little wider than long; scutellum about two-thirds the 
length of the mesonotum, with the axillxe touching each other at their 
inner basal angles; metathorax short, about one-third the length of the 
seutellum, smooth. Winged form with the wings hyaline, but banded, 
or at least maculate with fuscous; the marginal vein is somewhat long, 
linear; the stigmal is always shorter than the marginal and issues 
obliquely at an angle of less than 30 degrees; the postmarginal vein is 
a little longer than the stigmal, but shorter than the marginal. Abdo- 
men conic-ovate, and usually a little longer than the thorax. 

The species in this genus, whose parasitism is known, destroy Dip- 
terous Jarvee belonging to the genus Meromyza. The following are the 
Species of our fauna: 


I. MEROMYZOBIA AMERICANA Ashmead. 


Prionomastix americana ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 16, male.-—DaLLa 
TORRE Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 265. 


Type.—Cat. No. 4719, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida. 
2. MEROMYZOBIA BIFASCIATA Ashmead. 


Homalotylus bifasciatus ASHMEAD, Bull. No. 1, Colo. Biol. Assoc., 1890, p. 28, fe- 
male.—DaLLa TORRE Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 246. 


850 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


(o4 


Type.—Cat. No. 4720, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Colorado. 
3. MEROMYZOBIA FLAVICINCTA Ashmead. 
Choreia flavicincta ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 17, female.—DALLA TORRE 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 248. , 
Type.— Cat. No. 4721, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida. 


4. MEROMYZOBIA MACULIPENNIS Ashmead. 


Bricydnus maculipennis ASHMEAD, Bull. Ohio Exper. Sta., I, 1893, p. 162, female. — 
DaLua TorRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p.249. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4722, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Ohio. 
Host.—Dipt.: Meromyza americana Fitch; ?Chlorops ingrata Williston. 


5. MEROMYZOBIA FLAVA Ashmead, new species. 


Male.—Length, 1.6 mm. Brownish-yellow; the trochanters, base of 
hind tibiz, tibial spurs and tarsi, except terminal joints, yellowish white; 
eyes purplish brown; flagellum brown; wings hyaline, the marginal and 
stigmal veins brown. Abdomen short oval. 

Antenne 9-jointed (scape, pedicel, 4 funicle joints and an indistinetly 
5-jointed club); the flagellum is subcompressed, the joints of the funicle 
about thrice as long as wide or the fourth is somewhat shorter; the 
club is longer than the slender scape, 3-jointed, but the sutures sepa- 
rating the joints are made out with difficulty; the pedicel is very small, 
hardly longer than thick. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4723, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat.—District of Columbia. 


6. MEROMYZOBIA UNIFASCIATA Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 2mm. Brownish-yellow; the middle lobe of scutel- 
lum, the metanotum, and the middle tibix, except distal ends, obfur- 
cated; hind femora, their tibiz, except basal two-thirds, which is 
white, and their tarsi, fuscous. Abdomen black, with the basal seg- 
ment yellowish. Wings, hyaline, with a large discoidal fuscous cloud 
beneath the marginal and stigmal veins. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4724, U.S N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat.— Mississippi: Utiea. 


4. CHRYSOPOPHAGUS Ashmead. 
1894. Chrysopophagus ASHMEAD, Ins. Life, VII, p. 246. 
(Type, Chrysopophagus compressicornis Ashmead. ) 
1. CHRYSOPOPHAGUS BANKSI Howard. 
Chrysopophagus banksi HowaRD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, p. 247, female. 


Type.—Cat. No. 3851, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Texas: College Station; New Mexico: Mesilla Park. 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN.E—ASHMEAD. 301 


_ 2. CHRYSOPOPHAGUS COMPRESSICORNIS Ashmead. 


Chrysopephagus compressicornis ASHMEAD, Ins. Life, VII, 1894, p. 246, female and 
male.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 267. 
Type.—Cat. No. 1465, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Mississippi: Utiea. 
Host.—Neurop.: Chrysopa attenuata Walker. 


5. TINEOPHOCTONUS Ashmead, new genus. 


(Type, Phanodiscus armatus Ashmead.) 


This genus also resembles Hricydnus Walker, but the abdomen is 
longer, more compressed, and terminates in a long, prominent oviposi- 
tor, while the venation of the front wings is different, the marginal vein 
being long, linear, while the stigmal and nasinremen rel veins are very 
short. 

Two species belong here, Phwenodiscus armatus Ashmead, and Lepto- 
mastix tineevora Ashmead, the latter being based upon a specimen 
that had the ovipositor broken off. 


1. TINEOPHOCTONUS ARMATUS Ashmead. 


Phenodiscus armatus ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 17, female.—DaLLa 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 229. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4725, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—F lorida. 


2. TINEOPHOCTONUS TINEA!VORA Ashmead. 


Leptomastix tineewvora ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIV, 1887, p. 191, female; 
Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 16, female.—DaLia TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 253. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4726, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville. 
Host.—_Lepid.: Tineid sp. living in galls of Andricus pattoni Bassett. 


GRC Y4MIN- US Vall kei: 


1837. EHricydnus WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, p. 363. 
1860. Pezobius FOrstER, Verh. d.naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XVII, p. 129 (wingless 
form). 
(Type, Encyrtus longicornis Dalman.) 


1. ERICYDNUS 42NEIVENTRIS Walker. 


Encyrtus eneiventris WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1837, p. 447, female. 

Pezobius polychromus FORSTER, Verh. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XVII, 1860, p. 130, 
female. 

Pricydnus eneiventris MAyR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 764, 
765, female.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 249, 


Habitat.—Burope. 


352 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. al 


2. ERICYDNUS CHRYSCUS Walker. 


Pteromalus? chryscus WALKER, Monogr. Chalcid., II, 1839, p.34, female. | 
Ericydnus chryscus WALKER, List Hym. w.it. Mus hele, I, 1846, p.58.—DaLia | 
TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 249. 


Habitat.—Australia. 


3. ERICYDNUS LATIUSCULUS Thomson. 


Ericydnus latiusculus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 125, female and male.— 
DaLua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 249. 


Habitat.—Europe: Sweden. 


4. ERICYDNUS LONGICORNIS Dalman. 


Encyrtus longicornis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 165, male. 

Encyrtus strigosus NeES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 227, female.— 
WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1837, p. 364. 

Encyrtus longicornis NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, p. 251, male. 

Encyrtus baleus WALKER, The Entomologist, 1841, pl. H. fig. 1, female. 

Encyrtus longicornis RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., I, 1844, p. 192, female. 

Ericydnus wmnestus WALKER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2),V, 1850, p. 133, female. 

Ericydnus strigosus WALKER, Notes on Chalcid., Pt. 5, 1872, p. 72, fig.; The 
Entomologist, VI, 1872, p. 113, fig. 

Ericydnus longicornis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 763, 764, 
ftemale.—THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 124, female and male. Wake 
ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 249, 


Habitat.—Europe. 


5. ERICYDNUS MEGALARUS Walker. 


Eulophus megalarus WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1838, p. 477, female. 
Ericydnus megalarus WALKER, List Hym. Brit. Mus. Chalcid., I, 1846, p. 54.— 
DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, ae p. 249. 


Habitat.—Austraha 


6. ERICYDNUS REINHARDII Mayr. 


Ericydnus reinhardii Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XX V, 1875, pp. 764, 765.— 
DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 249. 


Habitat.—Europe: Austria. 


7. ERICYDNUS VENTRALIS Dalman. 


Encyrtus longicornis var. ventralis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 
1820, p. 166. 

Ericydnus paladatus WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1837, p. 363, female and male.— 
BLANCHARD, Hist. nat. d. Ins., III, 1840, p. 276.—WrEstwoop, Intr. Mod. 
Class. Ins., II, 1840, Synop., p. 72.—Srx, Tijdschr. v. Entom., 1876, p. 134, 
female; pl. 6, fig. 1. 

Ericydnus ventralis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 764, 765, 
female and male.—TuHomson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 125.—DALLa TORRE, 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 250. 


Habitat.—Europe. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Pulvinaria vitis Linneus. 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 353 


7. LEPTOMASTIX Forster. 
1856. Leptomastic FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 34. 
(Type, Leptomastix histrio Mayr.) 
1. LEPTOMASTIX DACTYLOPII Howard. 


Leptomastix dactylopii HOWARD, Bull. No. 5, U. 8. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, 
p. 36, female and male. Creo Syn. By th N. A., 1887, p. 239. Syrian 


TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 253. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2649, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—District of Columbia; West Indies; Gionsda: 
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius destructor Comstock. 
2. LEPTOMASTIX HISTRIO Mayr. 


Leptomasiix histrio Mayr, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, X XV, 1875, p. 730, female 
and male.—DALuLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 253. 


Habitat.—Europe. 
8. DINOCARSIS Forster. 


1856. Dinocarsis FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 33. 
1857. Euscapus DAHLBOM, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Férh., XIV, p. 292. 


(Type, Encyrtus hemipterus Dahlbom.) 
1. DINOCARSIS THYRIDOPTERYGIS Ashmead. 


Dinocarsis thyridopterygis ASHMEAD, Can. Ent., XVIII, 1886, p. 97, female. 
CRESSON, Syn. Hym.N.A., p. 240.—DaLua Torre, Cat. Hym., V, p. 248. 


Type.—Cat. No. 4727, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida: i acksonville. 
Host.—Lepid.: Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis este, 
9. ECTROMA Westwood. 


1833. Ectroma WEstTWoop, Phil. Mag. (3), III, p. 344. 
1834. Sphenolepis NrES, Ichn. Hym. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 256. 


1856. dAglyptus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 33. 
(Type, Lupelmus rufus Dalman. ) 
1. ECTROMA AMERICANUM Howard. 
Ectroma americanum Howard, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 248, female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 3852, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—New Mexico: Mesilla. 
2. ECTROMA DUNENSE Six. 


Etroma dunense Six, Tijdschr. v. Ent., XIX, 1876, p. 134, pl. v1, fig. 2—DaLLa 
ToRR#, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 238. 
Habitat.—Kurope: Bavaria. 
3. ECTROMA MADERENSE Walker. 
Ectroma maderense WALKER, Notes on Chalcid., Pt. 7, p. 116, female.—DaLLa 
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 238. 
Habitat.—Africa: Madeira. 


354 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII, 


4. ECTROMA PYGMAUM Nees. 


Sphenolepis pygmea NEES, Ichn, Hym. affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 256, female.— 3 
DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 249. 
Habitat.—Kurope. 
5. ECTROMA REATE Walker. 
Encyrtus reate WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XX, 1847, p. 22, male.— 
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p 239.—DaLia ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, — 
p. 262. 
Habitat.— Florida. 
6. ECTROMA RUFUM Dalman. 
Eupelmus? rufus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet. Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 383, female. 
? Hupelmus rufescens Nees, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 80. 
? Ectroma rufescens NEES, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 420, male. 
Encyrtus lindus WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1837, p. 451, female. - 
Ectroma rufus WESTWOOD, Intrs. Mod. Class. Ins., II, 1840, Syn., p. 72, male. 
Aglyptus lindus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., IT, 1856, p. 36. 
Dicelloceras rufescens S1x, Tijdschr. v. Ent., X, 1867, p. 221, pl. 10, fig. K. 
? Ectroma rufescens WALKER, Notes on Chalc., Pt. 5, 1872, pp. 74, 78, fig.; The 
Entomologist, VI, 1872, p. 131, fig. 
Ectroma rufa THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 126. 
Ectroma rufum Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges., XXV, 1875, p. 767, female. —DaLLa 
TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 258. 
Habitat.—EKurope. 


10. ANAGYRUS Howard. ~ 
1896. Anagyrus HowaRp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, p. 638. 
(Type, Anagyrus greenii Howard.) 
1. ANAGYRUS GREENII Howard. 
Anagyrus greenii Howarp, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1896, p. 639, female and 
male.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 266. 
Type.—Cat. No. 3257, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Ceylon. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Maskellia zonata Green. 


2. ANAGYRUS PALLIDIPES Ashmead, new species. 


Male.—Length, 1.8 mm. Black, with some sparse silvery hairs on 
thorax above and on metapleura; antenne black but the club is wholly 
white and there is a white annulus at apex of the scape; the latter has 
a very broad leaf-like expansion beneath; legs, except the hind coxe, 
brownish-yellow; wings hyaline, the venation brown. 

Type.—Cat. No, 4728, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat.—District of Columbia. 


3. ANAGYRUS PULCHER Ashmead. 


Dinocarsis pulcher ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 17, female.—DALLA TORRE, 

Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 248. : 
Type.—Cat. No. 4729, U.S.N.M. (Ashinead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida. 


No. 1202, GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN/—ASHMEAD. 355 


4. ANAGYRUS PULCHRICORNIS Howard. 


Cerchysius pulchricornis HowarRD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XXV, p. 87, fe- 
male.—DaALLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 244. 
Type in British Museum. 
Habitat—West Indies: St. Vincent. 


5: ANAGYRUS TEREBRATUS Howard. 


Cerchysius terebratus HOWARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XXV, 1894, p. 87, 
female and male.—DALLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 244. 
Type in British Museum. 
Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vincent. 


11. ANUSIA Forster. 
1856. Anusia FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 32. 
(Type, Ectroma fulvescens Westwood. ) 
1. ANUSIA FULVESCENS Westwood. 


Ectroma fulvescens WESTWOOD, Phil. Mag. (3), IIL, 1838, p. 344. 
Anusia nasicornis FORSTER, Verh. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XVIII, 1860, p. 183, 
female. 


Anusia austriaca FORSTER, Verh. naturh. Ver. Rheinl., XVIII, 1860, p. 133, female. 
Anusia fulvescens Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 769, female. 


Habitat.—EKurope. 
2. ANUSIA HEYDENII Mayr. 
Anusia heydeniti Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 770, female.— 
Daya ToRRE Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 237. 
Habitat.—Kurope. 


3. ANUSIA NEOMEXICANA Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 1.65mm. Ferruginous, with metallic or violaceous 
reflections, and clothed with a silvery pubescence; scutellum croceous; 
mesopleura posteriorly golden, the metapleura clothed with a dense sil- 
very pile; hind legs brown, the cox violaceous. Flagellum compressed 
fusiform, not longer than the large foliaceously dilated scape, black; all 
the funicle joints are wider than long. Seape and pedicel reddish- 
brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4730, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat——_New Mexico: Las Cruces. 


Described from a single specimen taken by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell. 
12. HENICOPYGUS Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Henicopygus subapterus. ) 


Allied to Meromyzobia and EHricydnus, but differs decidedly in the 
much larger, broader head, in having the lateral ocelli much farther 
away from the eye margin, the flagellum broader, strongly compressed, 


356 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


the axille separated, not meeting at base of the scutellum, while the 
abdomen is strongly compressed, a little longer than the tend and tho- 
rax united, with a prominent, exserted ovipositor and a large, promi- 
nent lanceolate hypopygium, which projects far beyond the tip of the 
abdomen. Wings much abbreviated, hardly developed. 


1. HENICOPYGUS SUBAPTERUS Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 2-2.5 mm.; to tip of ovipositor, about 3 mm. 
Ground color of head, thorax, and legs is ferruginous, but the head 
above the antenne, including the vertex, and the thorax above are 
bronzed or metallic brown; the mesopleura superiorly show a decided 
violaceous tinge, while the abdomen is black above, blue-black beneath; 
the ovipositor black at apex, whitish on basal two-thirds. 

The small joints, upon which the antenne are inserted, are unusually 
long, well developed, black; scape brownish-yellow, the pedicel and 
flagellum black. Wings very short, scarcely developed, and not extend- 
ing to the apex of the first abdominal segment, brown, but with a white 
transverse band near the middle. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5083, U.S.N.M. (Carl I’. Baker collection.) 

Habitat.--Colorado. 


13. BEHOCHARIS Mayr. 
1875. Beocharis Mayr, Verh, Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XV, p. 767. 


(Type, Bwocharis pascuorum Mayr. ) 


1. BHXOCHARIS PASCUORUM Mayr. 


Baocharis pascuorum (FORSTER) Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, 
p. 768, female and male.—VOLLENHOVEN, Pinacogr., 1878, p. 55, pl. 35, fig. 
9.—WACHTL, Wien. ent. Zeitg., I, 1882, p. 298.—DaLLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., 
V,. 1898, p. 239. 
Habitat.—EKurope. 
The species Bwocharis marlatti Ashmead, is an Aphelinine and does 
not belong here. 


° 


14. STENOTERYS Thomson. 
1875. Stenoterys THOMSON, Hym. Skanu., IV, pp. 115, 128. 
(Type, Stenoterys orbitalis Thomson.) 


This genus is unknown to mein nature, and is included in my table 
from Thomson’s description alone. It seems to come very close to 
Leptomastix Forster. 


1. STENOTERYS ORBITALIS Thomson. 


Stenoterys orbitalis THoMson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 129, female and male.— 
DaLua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 238 


Habitat.—Europe. 


‘ 
; 


NO. 1262. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 357 


15. TETRACNEMOIDEA Howard. 


1898. Tetracnemoidea HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 232. 
(Type, Tetracnemoidea australiensis Howard. ) 
1. TETRACNEMOIDEA AUSTRALIENENSIS Howard. 
Tetracnemoidea australiensis HOwARD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 232, female 
and male. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5022, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Australia: Sidney. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius sp. on Pittsporum. 


16. TETRACNEMUS Westwood. 


1837. Tetracnemus WESTWOOD, Mag. Nat. Hist., I, p. 258. 
(Type, Tetracnemus diversicornis Westwood. ) 


1. TETRACNEMUS DIVERSICORNIS Westwood. 


Tetracnemus diversicornis WESTWOOD, Mag. Nat. Hist., I, 1857, p. 258, male, fig. 25,— 
WESTWOOD, Intro. Mod.Class. Ins., IJ, 1840, synop., p.73.—HOWaARD, Ins. Life, 
III, 1890, p. 149, fig. 21.—HowarbD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 363.— 
DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 230. 


Habitat.--EKurope: England, Germany (Ashmead). 


17. HABROLEPOIDEA Howard. 


1894. Habrolepoidea Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XXV, p. 89. 
(Type, Habrolepoidea glauca Howard.) 


1. HABROLEPOIDEA GLAUCA Howard. 


Habrolepoidea glauca HOWARD, Journ. Linn. Soc, Lond Zool., XXV, p. 90, female.— 
DaLua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 240. 


Type.—Cat. No. 2717, U.S.N.M.; also in British Museum. 
Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vincent. 


18. TETRALOPHIELLUS Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Tetralophiellus brevicollis. ) 

This genus is allied to Tetracladia Howard, but may be easily sepa- 
rated by the longer marginal vein, which is about three times as long 
as the stigmal, by the axille, which meet at their inner basal angles, 
and by the much shorter pronotum, which is scarcely visible from above. 


1. TETRALOPHIELLUS BREVICOLLIS Ashmead, new species. 


Male.—Length, 1.2 mm. Bronzed green, the mesopleura bluish or 
purplish; legs brown-black, all tibise with a white annulus at base, 
the tips of anterior and middle tibiz and all tarsi, except the last joint, 
whitish. The antennie are black, with funicle joints 1-4 each, fur- 
nished with a long, hairy branch. Head shagreened, the mesonotum 
scaly-punctate, the scutellim smoother but with delicate reticulate 
lines. Wings hyaline, the veins brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4731, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville. 


358 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, X81, 


19.. TETRACLADIA Howard. 


Raden, Sila ? és 


1892. Tetracladia HowARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, p. 367. 
(Type, Tetracladia terana Howard.) 


1. TETRACLADIA GRACILIS Howard. 
Tetracladia gracilis HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 368, male.—DALLA 
TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 230. 
Type.—Cat. No. 1486, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida. 


2. TETRACLADIA TEXANA Howard. 


Tetracladia tecanad HOWARD, Prac. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 367, male.—DALLA 
ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 280. 
Type.—Cat. No. 1485, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Texas. 


20. TETRACNEMOPSIS Ashmead, new genus. 


(Type, Tetracnemus westwoodii Cockerell. ) 


Differs from Tetracnemus Westwood in having the marginal vein fully 
twice as long as thick, about half the length of the stigmal, the post- 
marginal vein developed, the pronotum transverse linear, the scutellum 
longer than the mesonotum, while the axille meet just in front of the 
seutellum. 

The female, which was unknown to Cockerell, has the head, seen from 
in front, longer than wide, the eyes large, the face and forehead nar- 
rowed; the antenn are 11-jointed, inserted close to the clypeus with a 
distinet carina between, the scape obclavate, the flagellum clavate, the 
club enlarged, ovate, thrice as thick as the funicle; while the hypopyg- 
ium is prominent, plowshare shaped, and projects considerably beyond 
the tip of abdomen. ; 

The pedicel and first four joints of funicle are white, the scape, last 
two joints of funicle and the club, dark brown. 


1. TETRACNEMOPSIS WESTWOODII Cockerell. 


Tetracnemus westwooditi COCKERELL, Can. Ent., XXX, 1898, p. 224, male. 
Cotype (nale).—Cat. No. 4847, U.S.N.M. 
Type (female).—Cat. No. 4732, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Colorado: Fort Collins. (C. P. Giilette.) , 
21. PENTACNEMUS Howard. 
1892. Pentacnemus HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, p. 366. 
(Type, Pentacnemus bucculatricis Howard.) 
1. PENTACNEMUS BUCCULATRICIS Howard. 


Pentacnemus bucculatricis HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 366.—DaLLa 
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 230. 


No, 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINEA—ASHMEAD. 859 


Type.—Cat. No. 1488, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Missouri. 
Host.—Lepid.: Bucculatrix thuiella Packard. 


22. HABROLEPOPTERYX Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Psilophrys pulchripennis Ashmead. ) 


The colorational pattern of the front wings in this genus is similar 
to that in Habrolepis Forster, but otherwise there is not a particle of 
affinity between the two genera, since structurally they are widely 
separated. 

The species was originally described in the genus Psilophrys on 
account of the long head. It has, however, no relation whatever with 

.that genus, not even belonging to the same tribe. 

The rather full structural characters given in my table render a fuller 
description here unnecessary, since no one could go astray in placing 

so characteristic a genus. 


1. HABROLEPOPTERYX PULCHRIPENNIS Ashmead. 


Psilophrys pulchripennis ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 16, female.—DALLA 
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 253. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4733, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville. 


tribe Le EN CYR IN Tt. 
23. ENCYRTUS Latreille. 


1809. Encyrtus LATREILLE, Gen. Crust. et Ins., IV, p. 31. 
1856. Hucomys FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 32. 

1856. Comys FORSTER, Hym. Stud., p. 144. 

1898. Hucomys DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 239. 


(Type, Chrysis infidus Rossi=Comys scutellata Swederus. ) 


1. ENCYRTUS ALBICOXA Ashmead. 


Comys albicora ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XII, 1885, Proc., p. xvi, female and 
male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239. 
Eucomys albicora DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 239. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4734, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville. 
Host.—Rhynech.: Dactylopius adonidum Linneus. 


2. ENCYRTUS ALBITARSIS Zetterstedt. 


Encyrtus albitarsis ZETTERSTEDT, Ins. Lappon., I, 1838, p. 482, female. 
Comys albitarsis MAYR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 741, female.— 
VOLLENHOVEN, Pinacogr., 1879, p.55, female; pl. xxxv, fig. 3. 
Eucomys albitarsis DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 239. 
Habitat.— Europe. 
Host.—Kthynech.: Lecanium sp. 


360 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX11 


3. ENCYRTUS BICOLOR Howard. 


Comys bicolor HOWARD, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 362, female and male; 
pl. xx1u, fig. 3.—CREsson, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 239. 


Type.—Cat. No. 2606, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.— United States: Canada; West Indies (prenada). 
Host.—Rhyneh.: Lecanium henpenrdan Linneeus. 


4. ENCYRTUS FUSCA Howard. 


Comys fusca HOWARD, Rep. U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 363, female and male.— 
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa ToRRE, Cat. Hym.,V, 1898, 
p. 239. 

Chiloneurus maculatipennis PROVANCHER, Add. Fn. Can. Hym., 1887, p. 208, 
female.—DALLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 242. 


Type.—-Cat. No. 2607, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat._United States; Canada. 
Host.--Rhynch.: Lecaniwm sp. 


5. ENCYRTUS INFIDUS Rossi. 


Chrysis infidus Rossi, Fauna Etrusca, II, 1790, p. 80. 

Chrysis? infida ILLIGER, Fauna Etrusca, 2d ed., II, 1807, p. 128. 

Encyrtus infidus LATREILLE, Gen. Crus. and Ins., IV, 1809, p.31.—SpPinowa, Ann. 
Mus. Hist. Nat., XVII, 1811, p. 149. 

Cynipsillum Anson, Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. s. Vertr., IV, 1817, p. 157. 

Encyrtus infidus LEPELETIER, Encycl. Mith. Ins., X, 1825, p. 66. 

Cynipsillum infidum LAMARCK, Encycl. Mith. Ins., 2 ed., IV, 1835, p. 368. 

Encyrtus infidus BLANCHARD, Hist. Nat. Ins., IIT, 1840, p. 275.—DaLia Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V, 1898, p. 259. 

Pteromalus scutellatus SWEDERUS, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XVI, 1895, p. 218. 

Encyrtus scutellaris DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, pp. 150, 370, 
pl. xx, figs. 57, 58.—CurtIs, Brit. Ent., [X, 1832, p. 895.—Nures, Hym. Ichn. 
Affin. Monog., II, 1834, p. 221.—WaALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1857, p. 104, female.— 
ZETTERSTEDT, Ins. Lappon, I, 1838, p. 432.—WeEsTWoobD, Intro. Mod. Class. 
Ins., 1840, Synop., p. 73.—RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., I, 1844, p. 212.— 
KAWALL, Stettin. Ent. Zeitg., XVI, 1855, p. 231. = Tromson, Hym. Skand., 
IV, 1875, p. 119, female and male. 

Comys scutellata Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX V, 1875, pp. 741, 742. 

Eucomys scutellata DALLA-TOoRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 240. 


Habitat.—Europe; North America. 

Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium aceris Bouché, L. coryli Geoffroy. 

In my collection are several varieties, or what I take to be varieties, 
of this species, as well as the typical form of Hncyrtus scutellatus Swe 
derus taken in various parts of the United States. 


6. ENCYRTUS LECANIORUM Mayr. 
Eucomys lecaniorum (KOLLAR) FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, 1856, pp. 6-34 [s. deser. ]. 
Comys lecaniorum Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 740, 741, 
female. 
Eucomys lecaniorum DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 239. 
Habitat.—Europe; North America. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium sp. 


NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINAI—ASHMEAD. 361 


7. ENCYRTUS OBSCURA Dalman. 


Encyrtus obscura DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 164, male. 

Encyrtus scutellaris FONSCOLOMBE, Ann. Se. Nat., XX VI, 1832, p. 304. 

Encyrtus longicornis FONSCOLOMBE, Ann. Sc. Nat., XX VI, 1832, p. 305. 

Encyrtus obscurus NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., IT, 1854, pp. 223, 434. 

Encyrtus scutellaris NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., IT, 1834, p. 433. 

Encyrtus obscurus WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p. 105, male. 

Eucomys obscurus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, 1856, p. 34. 

Comys obscrura Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 741, 742, female 
and male. 

Encyrtus obscura THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 120, female and male. 

Eucomys obscura DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 239. 


Habitat.—Kurope. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Pulvinaria carpini Linnzeus. 


8. ENCYRTUS SWEDERI Dalman. 


Encyrtus swederi DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, pp. 152, 370, 
female. 

Encyrtus lunatus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 156, female. 

Encyrtus hirticornis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 162. 

Choreia vitis CURTIS, Guide, Arrange. Brit. Ins., 1829, p. 138. 

Encyrtus vitis CURTIS, Brit. Ent., [X, 1832, p. 395, pl. cccoxcv.—HERRICH-SCHAEr- 
FER, Faun. Ins. Germ., 1844, p. 184, pls. v, vi. 

Encyrtus lunatus NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monoer., II, 1854, p. 203.—ZETTERSTEDT, 
Ins. Lappon, J, 1838, p. 432, female. 

Encyrtus hirticornis NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II,1834, p. 228.—BLANCHARD, 
Hist. Nat. Ins., III, 1840, p. 275. 

Encyrtus swederi RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., III, 1852, p. 190,female.—GOUREAU, | 
Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4), III, i863, Buil., p. iv. 

Eucomys swederi FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, 1856, p. 34. 

Encyrtus swederi THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 121, female and male. 

Comys swederi Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 741, 742, female 
and male.—VALLENHOVEN, Pinacogr., 1879, p. 55, female and male; pl. xxxv, 
tH IG he 

Eucomys swederi DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 240. 


Habitat.—EKurope. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Pulvinaria vitis Linneus. 


24. HOWARDIELLA Dalla Torre. 
1897. Howardia DALLA ToRRE, Wien. Ent. Zeitg., XVI, p.86 (nec Targ-Tozg). 
1898. Howardiella DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 228. 
(Type, Bothriothorax peckhami Ashmead. ) 


1. HOWARDIELLA PECKHAMI Ashmead. 


Bothriothorax peckhami ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIII, 1886, p. 132, female and 
male.—CRESSON., Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 240. 
Comys peckhami HowaRD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 611. 
Howardia peckhami DALLA TORRE, Wien. Ent. Zeitg., X VI, 1897, p. 86. 
Howardiella peckhami DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 228. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4735, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 


Habitat.— Wisconsin. 


362 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. ' 


25. PRIONOMASTIX Mayr. 


1875. Prionomastiz Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXV, p. 725. 
1875. Liocarus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, pp. 115, 121. 


(Type, Hneyrtus morio Dalman.) 
1. PRIONOMASTIX MORIO Dalman. 


Encyrtus morio DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 164, male.— 
Negs, Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 229, male. 

Prionomastix morio MAyYR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, X XV, 1875, p. 726, male. 

Liocarus morio THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 122, male. 

Prionomastix morio DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 266. 


Habitat.—Europe. 
Tribe III. MIRINI. 


26. PSILOPHRYS Mayr. 
1875. Psilophrys Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXV, p. 727. 
(Type, Lncyrtus longicornis Walker. ) 


1. PSILOPHRYS LONGICORNIS Walker. 


Encyrtus longicornis WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XIX, 1847, p. 229, female. 
Psilophrys longicornis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, X XV, 1875, p. 728, female 
and male.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 253. 


Habitat.— Europe. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium sp. 


2. PSILOPHRYS ARMATA Ashmead. 


Psilophrys armatus ASHMEAD, Ent. Am., IV, 1888, p. 16, female and male. 
Psilophrys armata DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 253. 


Type.—Cat. No. 4736, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—F lorida; Colorado. 


3. PSILOPHRYS PALLIDIPES Ashmead. 


Psilophrys pallipes ASHMEAD, Bull. No. 3, Kans. Exp. Sta., 1888, Append.,V, p. 1, 
female. 


Type.—Cat. No. 4737, U.S.N.M, (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Kansas: Manhattan. 


27. PARA PSILOPHRYS Hovwjaird: 
1898. Parapsilophrys HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 232. 
(Type, Parapsilophrys gelechie Howard.) 


1. PARAPSILOPHRYS GELECHIZ Howard. 


Parapsilophrys gelechie Howard, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 232, femal 
and male. 
Type.——Cat. No. 5023, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat—_Wyoming: Jetsam. 
Host.—Lepid.: Gelechia, sp. on cottonwood. 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 363 


28. LIOTHORAX Mayr. 
1875. Liothorax Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, p. 728. 
(Type, Encyrtus glaphyra Walker.) 


1. LIOTHORAX GLAPHYRA Walker. 


Encyrtus glaphyra WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1837, p. 454, male. 
Liothorax glaphyra Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1895, p. 729, female 
and male. —DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 54. 


Habitat.—Hurope. 
2. LIOTHORAX MELANOCERA Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 1.66 mm. Head, thorax, except above, and the 
mesopleura and abdomon eneous black; mesopleura bluish; mesonotum 
and scutellum metallic green or cuperous, recticulates; head anteriorly 
and on cheeks metallic; antenne long black; the scape long and slender, 
the pedicel fully thrice as long as thick, obconical, flagelium subela- 
vate, but slender, gently thickening toward club. Wings hyaline. Ovi- 
positor slender, exserted fully one-half the length of abdomen. Legs 
vary from an neous black to a metallic brown-black, with the knees 
and the anterior and middle tarsi pale yellowish. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4738, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat.—District of Columbia. 


29. LITOMASTIX Thomson. 
1875. Litomastix THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, p. 171. 


(Type, Encyrtus chalconotus Dalman.) 


1. LITOMASTIX ANNELLUS Thomson. 


Litomastix annellus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 181, female.—DaLiLa 
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 244. 


Habitat.-_-Europe: Sweden. 


2. LITOMASTIX AURICOLLIS Thomson. 


Litomastix auricollis THomson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p.175, female and male.— 
DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 245. 


Habitat.—Europe: Sweden. 


3. LITOMASTIX CHALCONOTUS Dalman. 


Encyrtus chalconotus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet. -Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 169, pl. 
VIII, fig. 61.—NEEs, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monog., IT, 1834, pp. 232, 434. 

Encyrtus serriconis DALMAN, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Menog., II, 1820, p. 360, male.— 
Nees, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Menog., II, 1834, p. 244.—WaLkkER, Ent. Mag., IV, 
1857, p. 26, male. 

Encyrtus mitreus WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1839, p. 35, female. 

Copidosoma chalconotus MAyYR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 734, 735, 
739. 

Litomastix chaleonotus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 173, female and male.— 
DaLia TorRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 245. 


364 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. [vou. xxm. 


Habitat._Europe. 

Host.—Lepid.: Depressaria nervosa Haworth, Hupithecia succenturiata 
Linneeus, L. pimpinellata Hiibner, LH. oblongata Thunburg, L. lariciata 
Freyer, Geometra galiaria Hiibner, G. rubidaria Fabricius, G. sinuaria 
Hiibner, and Yortrix sp. 


4. LITOMASTIX DIVERSICORNIS Howard. 


Copidosoma diversicornis HowarD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., X XV, 1894, p. 92, 
female.—DaALua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 243. 


Type.—-Cat. No. 2719, U.S.N.M.; also in British Museum. 
Habitat._West Indies: St. Vincent. 


5. LITOMASTIX FILICORNIS Dalman. 


Eneyritus filicornis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 351, female.— 
NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monog., II, 1834, p. 241, female. 
Eneyrtus didius WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1837, p. 452, female. 
Copidosoma ? filicornis FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, 1856, p. 38. 
Copidosoma filicorne Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 734, 735, 
737, female and male. 
Litomastix jfilicornis THOMSON, Hym. Skand., LV, 1875, p. 180, female and male.— 
Data TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 245. 
Habitat. Europe. 
Host.—_Lepid.: Lita alsinella Zeller. 


6. LITOMASTIX FLAGELLARIS Dalman. 


Encyrtus flagellaris DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 350, 
female.—NirES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 240, female. 
Eineyrtus anceus WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1837, p. 452. 
Eneyrtus tegularis RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., III, 1852, p. 190. 
Copidosoma flagellaris Forster, Hym. Stud., I, 1856, p. 38. 
Copidosoma ? anceus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, 1856, p. 38. 
Copidosoma flagellare MAyR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XX V, 1875, pp. 734, 737.— 
WacHTL, Wien. Ent. Zeit., I, 1882, p. 297, female. 
Litomastix flagellaris THOMSON, rien m. Skand., lv, 1875, p. 179, female and male.— 
DaLua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 245. 
Habitat.—Europe. 
Host.—Lepid.: Cerostoma radiatella Donovan. 


7. LITOMASTIX FUSCISQUAMA Thomson. 


Litomastix fuscisquama THomMson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 177, female and 
male.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 245. 


Habitat.—KEurope: Sweden. 


8. LITOMASTIX GENALIS Thomson. 


Litomastix genalis THoMsON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 178, female and male. — 
Darya TorRE, Cat. Hym., IV, 1898, p. 245. 


Habitat.—Europe: Sweden. 
9g. LITOMASTIX LATIFRONS Thomson. 


Titomastix latifrons THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 175, female and male.— 
DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 245. 


Habitat.—Kurope: Sweden. oe 


NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINE—ASHMEAD. 365 


10. LITOMASTIX PHALAENARUM Thomson, 


Litomastix phalaenarwnm Titomson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 175, female and 
male.— DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 245. ° 


Habitat.—Kurope: Sweden. 


11. LITOMASTIX STYLATA Thomson. 


Litomastia stylata THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 180, male.--DaLLa ToRRE, 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 245. 


Habitat.——Kurope: Sweden. 


12. LITOMASTIX TRIANGULARIS Thomson. 
Litomastix triangularis THoMson, Hym. Skand., IVY, 1875, p. 177, female and 
male.—DaLiLa ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 246. 
Habitat.—Kurope: Sweden. 


13. LITOMASTIX TRUNCATULA Thomson. 
Litomastix truncatula THOMSON, Hym. Skand., LV, 1875, p. 173, female and male.— 
DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 246. 
Habitat.—Europe: Sweden. 


14. LITOMASTIX UNGULARIS Thomson. 
Litomastix ungularis THomson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 176, female.—Da Lua 
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 246. 
Habitat.—Europe: Sweden. 


30. BERECYNTUS Howard. 
1898. Berecyntus HowarbD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 238. 
(Type, Berecyntus bakeri Howard.) 


1. BERECYNTUS BAKERI Howard. 


Berecyntus bekeri HOwARD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 238, female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5030, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—-Colorado. 


2. BERECYNTUS FLORIDANUS Ashmead, new species. 


Female.__Length, 0.08 mm. Head and thorax above metallic or 
bronzy green, the thorax on sides and beneath dark blue-black, the 
head above more or less purplish, legs black or brown-black, the 
knees, tips of tibize, and tarsi, except terminal joint, honey-yellow, 
the middle tibial spur and middle tarsi whitish. Antenne brown- 
black, its pedicel at tip piceous; flagellum clavate, sparsely hairy, not 
longer than the scape; the funicle joints all short,wider than long, and 
gradually widening to the ciub, the latter rather large half the length 
of the funicle. Wings hyaline, the veins blackish, the marginal vein a 
little longer than thick, the stigmal vein scarcely longer but. much 
slenderer, the postmarginal vein wanting or only slightly developed. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4850, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat.—Florida: Biscayne Bay. Mrs. Annie T. Slosson. 


366 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XU. 


31. COPIDOSOMA Ratzeburg. 


1844. Copidosoma RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., I, p. 157. 


(Type, Copidosoma boucheanum Ratzeburg., 


1. COPIDOSOMA CELAEN Howard. 


Copidosoma celaenw HowARrD, Bull. No. 5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. iil, 
female and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p.239.—DaLLa TORRE, 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 242. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2630, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Missouri; Ohio. 
Host.—Lepid.: Celaena renigera. 


2. COPIDOSOMA GELECHIZ Howard. 


Copidosoma gelechivw HowARD, Bull. No.5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 10, 
female and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym.N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLA TORRE, 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 243. 


Type.—Cat. No. 2628, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—District of Columbia. 
Host.—Lepid.: Gelechia galle-solidaginis Riley. 


3. COPIDOSOMA INTERMEDIUM Howard. 


Copidosoma intermedium HOwaARD, Bull. No. 5, U. S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, 
p. 12, female and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa 
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 243. 

Type.—Cat. No. 2631, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—New Jersey; Missouri. 
Host.—Lepid.: Gelechia galle-asterella Kellicott. 


4. COPIDOSOMA PYRALIDIS Ashmead. 


Encyrtus pyralidis ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 15, female.—DALLA TORRE, 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 262. 

Coptdosoma variegatum HOWARD, Ins. Life, I, 1888, p. 197, female. —DaLua TORRE, 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 243. 


Type.—Cat. No. 1478, U.S.N.M. (variegatum Howard). 

Type.—Cat. No. 4739, U.S.N.M. (pyralidis Ashmead). (Ashmead col- 
lection.) 

Habitat.—Maryland; District of Columbia. 

Host.—Lepid.: Anarsia lineatella Zeller. 


5. COPIDOSOMA TRUNCATELLUM Dalman. 


Encyrtus truncatellum DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 168. 

Cynips agrotis FONSCOLOMBE, Sun. Sc. Nat., XX VI, 1832, p. 295. 

Encyrtus iruncatellis NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 232. 

Eneyrtus atheas WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p.37, female. 

Eneyrtus truncatellus WALKER, Ent. Mag., p. 38.—RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., 

~ J, 1844, p. 213; LIT, 1852, p. 190. 

Copidosoma truncatellum Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXV, pp. 734, 
739, female.—F1Tcu, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, Proc., p. xxi.—RILEY, Rep. 
U.S. Entom. Com., 1883, p. 131, pl. x1, fig. 4. 


x 3 


NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 367 


(?) Litomastix truncatellus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 174, female and 
male.—DaALLA TorRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 246. 

Habitat.—Europe; North America. 

Host.—Lepid.: Zeuzera aesculi Linneus, Thera variata Schiff, Agro- 
tis fumosa Hiibner, Hadena polyodon Linneus, Leucania albipuncta 
Fabricius, Plusia concha Fabricius, P. deawrata Esper, P. moneta Fab- 
ricius, P. festuce Linneus, P. jota Linneus, Catocala electa Borkhausen, 
Hupithecia absynthiata Clerck. 


6. COPIDOSOMA TURNI Packard. 


Encyrtus turnt PACKARD, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XXI, 1881, p. 32, female 
and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1857, p. 239. 
Copidosoma turni HowARD, Scudders’ Butterflies, East. U. 8., 1889, p. 1888, 
female and male; pl. LXxxIXx, fig.5.—DaLua TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 243. 
Habitat.—New Hampshire. 


Host.—Lepid.: Papilio turnus Linneus, Jasoniades glaucus Linnzeus. 


7. COPIDOSOMA VAGUM Howard. 


Copidosoma vagum HowarbD, Bull. No.5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 11, 
female and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p.239.—DALLA TORRE, 
Cat. Hym.,V, 1898, p. 243. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2629, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Missouri. 
Host.—Lepid.: Gelechia pseudacaciella Chambers. 


382. PRIONOMITUS Mayr. 
1875. Prionomitus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, p. 701. 
(Type, Encyrtus mitratus Dalman.) 


1. PRIONOMITUS MITRATUS Dalman. 


Encyrtus mitratus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 352, female. 

Encyrtus chlorinus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Hand]., XLI, 1820, p 

Encyrtus mitratus Nexs, Ichn. affin. Monoer., II, 1834, p. 242. 

Encyrtus chlorinus NEES, Ichn. affin. Monogr., IT, 1834, p. 248. 

Encyrtus mitratus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 710, 721, 
female. 

Prionomitus chlorinus MAyYR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 701, maie. 

Microterys mitratus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 162, female and male.— 
DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 235. 


Habitat.—EKurope. 


2. PRIONOMITUS TILIARIS Dalman. 


Encyrtus tiliaris DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 171.—NEEs, 
Hym. affin. Monoer., II, 1834, p. 235. 

Encyrtus conifere WALKER, Ent. Mag., IV, 1837, p. 461, female and male. 

Encyrtus liliaris Mayk, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, X XV, 1875, pp. 711, 722, female. 

Microterys tiliaris THomson, Hym. Skand., 1V, 1875, p. 163.—DALLA TorRE, Cat. 
Hym., V, 1898, p. 236. 


Habitat.—Europe; North America. 


368 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXU. H 


33. ARCHINUS Howard. 
1896. Archinus Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., XX VI, p. 155. 


(Type, Archinus occupatus Howard.) 


1. ARCHINUS OCCUPATUS Howard. 
Archinus occupatus Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 155, 
female. 
Type in British Museum. 
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada. 


34. PARENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Parencyrtus brasiliensis Ashmead. ) 


Allied to Epiencyrtus (Hneyrtus Mayr and others), but the outer tooth 
of the mandibles is long, acute; the eyes large, oval, and very hairy; 
the flagellum long, pilose, the pedicel being fully three times as long 
as thick, subeylindrical, the first joint of the funicle very long, longer 
than the pedicel; the marginal vein is as long or almost as long as the 
stigmal, while the postmarginal vein is much longer than the marginal. 


1. PARENCYRTUS BRASILIENSIS Ashmead, new species. 


Female.-—Length, 1.6 mm.; to tip of wings, 2 mm. Blue; meso- 
pleura and coxe wneous black; scutellum and ridge of the metapleura 
with a strong metallic tinge; abdomen neous; scape, club of antennie, 
and legs, brownish yellow; the pedicel and funicle brown; the extreme 
base of anterior and middle femora blackish or dusky; wings sub- 
fuscous. | 

The head has a few sparse punctures on the forehead and a row along 
the inner margin of the eyes. The antenne are inserted rather close 
to the mouth border and widely apart, with a prominent ridge between. 
The mesonotum is smooth impunctured, as long as the scutellum. The 
latter, except the axilla, being shagreened, strongly metallic, and con- 
trasts greatly with the smooth, blue surface of the mesonotum. Meta- 
notum very short, the pleura bare, bronzed green. Abdomen sub- 
triangular, depressed, shorter than the thorax. 

Habitat.—Brazil: Chapada. September. (H. H. Smith collection.) 


35. MIRA Schellenberg. 


1803. Mira SCHELLENBERG, Genres des mouch. Dipt., p. 68. 

1809. Hneyrtus LATREILLE (part), Gen. Crus. et Ins., IV, p. 31. 

1855. Dicellocerus MENZEL, Stettin. Ent. Zeitg., XVI, p. 270. 

1856. Huryscapus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 32. 

1857. Lonchocerus DAHLBOM, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Forh., XIV, p. 293. 


(Type, Mira macrocera Schellenberg.) 
1. MIRA MACROCERA Schellenberg. 


Mira macrecera SCHELLENBERG, Genres des mouch. Dipt., 1803, pp. 68, 69. 
Mira mucora SCHELLENBERG, Genres des mouch. Dipt., pl. x1v. 
Eneyrtus macrocera LATREILLE, Gen. Crus. et Ins., IV, 1809, p. 31. 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN £A—ASHMEAD. 369 


Encyrtus platycerus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., X LI, 1820, p. 566.—NXEES, 
Ichn. affin. Monogr., I, 1854, p. 254. 

Dicellocerus vibrans MENZEL, Stettin. Ent. Zeitg., XVI, 1855, pp. 270-274, pl. 1. 

Euryscapus platycerus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., IT, 1856, p. 35. 

Encyrtus vibrans RurTHE, Stettin. Ent. Zeitg., X VII, 1856, p. 46. 

Mira macrocera FOrsTER, Verh. d. naturh. Ver. pr. Rheinl., XVII, 1860, p. 135, 
female and male. 

Lonchocerus platycerus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., 1V, 1875, p. 130, female. 

Mira macrocera Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 771, female.— 
DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 237. 


Habitat.—Kurope. 


2. MIRA SALTATOR Lindeman. 


Euryscapus saltator LINDEMAN, Bull. Soc. Natural. Moscou (2), I, 1887, p. 190, 
female and male. 
Mira saltatoy DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 238. 
Habitat.—Europe: Russia. 


386. SPHAZAROPISTHUS Thomson. 
1875. Sphwropisthus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, pp. 116, 131. 
(Type, Spharopisthus pascuoru nm Thomson. ) 
1. SPHAROPISTHUS PASCUORUM Thomson. 
Spheropisthus pascuorum THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 152, female and 
male.—DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 238. 
Habitat.—Hurope: Sweden. 


2. SPHAZROPISTHUS ANNULICORNIS Ashmead, new species. 


Male.—Length, 1.6 mm. Head and thorax a¥ove. aeneous green; 
scutellum orange-red; prothorax at sides and beneath, mesopleura, 
pectus and legs, ferruginous; abdomen aeneous black, with rigid hairs 
especially toward apex; antenne long, the scape long, slender, sub- 
clavate, with the pedicel pale ferruginous; flagellum subclavate, gradu- 
ally thickened toward apex, subcompressed, clothed with a short dense 
pubescence, black, with joints 4, 5, and 6 snow white. Head pune- 
tate, as seen from in front elongate, about twice as long as wide, as 
seen from above semiglobose, the eyes slightly convergent above, the 
vertex narrower than the face anteriorly; hind ocelli rather close 
together, the front ocellus being more than twice as far from the hind 
ocelli than the space between them. Metapleura clothed with a rather 
dense silvery pubescence. Wings hyaline, with a discal cloud beneath 
the marginal vein and an acuate band just before the apex. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4848, U.S.N.M. (Ashimead collection.) 

Habitat.—F lorida: Jacksonville. 


3. SPHAZROPISTHUS AURICEPS Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 1.3mm. Ground color pale ferruginous, the head 
on vertex and anteriorly to scrobes gold-green, mesonotum and scutel- 
lum green with a bluish sheen; legs ferruginous, the middle tibie 

Proce, N. M. vol. xxii—— 24 


370 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI | 


dark fuseous, their tarsi white; wings hyaline with a large fuscous | 

cloud beneath the marginal vein; abdomen yellowish at basal third, 

aeneous black beyond and ending in a slender ovipositor which is about 

one-half the length of the abdomen. (Autenne broken off.) 
Type.—Cat. No. 4849, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida: Fort George Island. 


37. CHESTOMORPHA Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Chestomorpha biformis Ashmead. ) 


Head and thorax similar to Aphycus, the frons broad, convex, the 
ocelli arranged in a triangle, the lateral ocelli as far from the eye mar- 
gin as to the front ocellus. Hyes oval, bare, a little longer than the 
malar space. Mandibles tridentate. Seutellum much longer than the 
pronotum, the latter short, abrupt anteriorly. Front wings in male 
clear hyaline, in female with a substigmal blotch or fascia; the mar- 
ginal vein is very short, the stigmal vein fully twice as long as the 
marginal or longer, while the postmarginal is well developed, consider- 
ably longer than the stigmal. Antenne 11-jointed, the flagellum in 
female subclavate, the funicle joints, or at least joints 3 to. 6, wider than 
long; in male the flagellum is filiform, stout, the joints nearly thrice as 
long as thick. 


1. CHESTOMORPHA BIFORMIS Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 1.8 mm. TFerruginous; eyes, ocelli, flagellum, 
metanotum more or less, a large spot on dorsum of abdomen, and the 
middle and hind tarsi, black. Wings hyaline, the front pair with a 
fuscous discoidal blotch or band beneath the marginal and stigmal 
veins. : 

The male differs from the female in being much more robust and 
almost entirely black; scape brown; front legs with apices of their 
femora, tibie and tarsi, honey-yeilow; middle tibial spurs and first joint 
of tarsi, white; tegule, pale. Wings hyaline, without a discoidal | 
blotch, the marginal and stigmal veins brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4740, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat.—New Mexico: Las Cruces. (T. D. A. Cockerell.) 


388. FNASIUS Walker. 
1846. dAinasius WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XVII, p. 180. 
(Type, Anasius hyettus Walker.) 
1. ZHNASIUS HYETTUS Walker. 


Encyrtus (Ainasius) hyettus WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XVII, 1846, p. 
181, female. 

dinasius hyettus HOwARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XXV, 1894, p. 89, female 
and male.—DaLuLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 229. 


Habitat.— West Indies: Grenada, St. Vincent. 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 371 


2. AANASIUS CHAPAD Ashmead, new species. 


-Female.—Length, 1 mm. Robust, short and broad, very little longer 
than wide. Head blue, thorax above blue-black, beneath ceneous black; 
abdomen metallic eneous; scape within and at tip, and the funicle pale 
brown, rest of scape and the club brown-black; legs dark brown, the 
tarsi light brown or yellowish; wings subfuscous. 

The head is covered with a close, thimble-like punctuation, ciear to 
the scrobes, which are short; the eyes are large, long-oval, and pubes- 
cent; the scape has the characteristic leaf-like expansion beneath; the 
funicle is short, the joints, except possibly the first, which is small and 
moniliform, are wider than long and increase in width to the club, the 
latter being very large and as long as the funicle and very much 
thicker. The thorax is similar to that in A. hyettus Walker, except 
that mesonotum has the thimble-like punctuation similar to that of the 
head, only less distinctly impressed; the scutellum is large, about twice 
as long as the mesonotum, with the punctuation almost obsolete. 

Habitat.—Brazil: Chapada. (H. H. Smith collection.) 


389. CHALCASPIS Howard. 
1895. Chalcaspis HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VII, p. 606. 
(Type, Chalcaspis pergandei Howard. ) 
1. CHALCASPIS PERGANDEI Howard. 
Chalcaspis pergandei HOwARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 605.—DaLua 
ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 227. 


Type.—Cat. No. 2692, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—District of Columbia. 


40. BOTHRIOTHORAX Ratzeburg. 


1844. Bothriothoraz RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., I, p. 209. 
1856. Sceptrophorus FORSTER (part), Hym. Stud., II, p. 34, male. 
1857. Trimorphocerus DAHLBOM, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Férh., XIV, p. 292. 


(Type, Eneyrtus clavicornis Dalman. ) 
1. BOTHRIOTHORAX CALIFORNICUS Howard. 
Bothriothorax californicus HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 609, 
female.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 227. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2694, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.— California. 
Host.—Dipt.: Catabomba pyrastri Linneus. 


2. BOTHRICTHORAX INSULARIS Howard. 


Bothriothorax insularis HOWARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 147, 
female and male.—DatLua Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 228. 


Type in British Museum. 
Halitat.—West Indies: Grenada. 


BT2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xxt i 


3. BOTHRIOTHORAX MACROGLENES Ashmead. 


Bothriothorax macroglenes ASUMEAD, Bull. No. 3, Kans. Exp. Sta., 1888, App., p. vy. 
Type in Kansas State Agricultural College. 
Habitat.—Kansas: Riley County. 


4. BOTHRIOTHORAX NIGRIPES Howard. 
Bothriothorax nigripes HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VII, 1895, p. 610, female.— 
DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 228. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2695, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Calitornia; New Mexico. 


5. BOTHRIOTHORAX NOVEBORACENSIS Howard. 


Bothriothorax noveboracensis HOWARD, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus.. XVII, 1895, p. 609, 
female.—DaLuLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 228. 


Type.—Cat. No, 2693, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat—New York; New Hampshire. 


6. BOTHRIOTHORAX PECULIARIS Howard. 


Bothriothorax peculiaris Howarp, Bull. No. 5, U. S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, 
p- 20, female and male.—CreEsson, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p.240.—Howakrp, 
Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 608.—DaALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym.,V, 1898, 
p. 228. 

Type.—Cat. No. 2646, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Virginia. 
Host.—Dipt.: Syrphid larva. 


7. BOTHRIOTHORAX PLANIFRONS Howard. 
Bothriothorax planifrons HowaRb, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 611, 
female.—Da Lua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 228. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2697, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—California. 


8. BOTHRIOTHORAX ROTUNDIFORMIS Howard. 


Bothriothorax rotundiformis HowaRpb, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 610, 
female.— DaLLa Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 228. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2696, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat—California. 


9. BOTHRIOTHORAX VIRGINIENSIS Howard. 


Bothriothorax virginiensis Howarp, Bull. No. 5, U. 8. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 
1885, p. 20, female.—Cresson, Syn. Hym.N. A., 1887, p. 240.—Howanrb, Proc. 
U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p.608, female.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 
1898, p. 228. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2645, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.— Virginia. 


so. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINS—ASEMEAD. 373 


41. ARATUS Howard. 


1896. Aratus IlowaRb, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, p. 155. 


(Type, Aratus scutellatus Howard. ) 


1. ARATUS SCUTELLATUS Howard. 


Aratus scutellatus Howarpb, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 639, 
female and male.—DaLiLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 266. 


Type.— Cat. No. 3257, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada. 


42. PENTELICUS Howard. 
1895. Pentelicus HOwarRD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVII, p. 611. 


(Type, Pentelicus aldrichii Howard.) 


1. PENTELICUS ALDRICHII Howard. 


Pentelicus aldrichit HOWARD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 612, female.— 
DALLA TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 227. 
Type —Cat. No. 2698, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Dakota. 


43. BLEPYRUS Howard. 


1898. Blepyrus HowARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 234, 
(Type, Blepyrus mexicanus Howard.) 


1. BLEPYRUS MEXICANUS Howard. 


Blepyrus mexicanus HOwARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, p. 234, female and 
male. 


Type.—Cat. No. 5021, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Mexico: Monterey. 
Host.—Rhyneh.: Pseudococcus yucee Coquillett. 


2. BLEPYRUS MARSDENI Howard. 
Blepyrus marsdenti HowARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 234, female. 
Type.—Cat, No. 5025, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Hawatian Isiands: Honolulu. 


3. BLEPYRUS TEXANUS Howard. 


Blepyrus tecanus HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 255, female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5026, U.S.N.M. . 
Habitat —Texas: Brownsville. 
Host.—Rhynueh.: Dactylopius virgatus Cockerell. 


374 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. XXII. 


44. HEMANASIUS Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Hemenasius confusus Ashmead. ) 


Aspect of Mnasius Walker and Huryrhopalus Howard, but quite dis- 
tinct from both in sculpture and in following characters: I’rom Mnasius 
it differs in punctuation, in the much longer scape and flagellum, the 
former being only slightly dilated, the longer mesonotum and in vena- 
tion; from Huryrhopalus in the broader vertex, antennal characters, 
and in the quite different venation, brought out in my table. 


1. HEMANASIUS CONFUSUS Ashmead, new species. 


Female.-—Length, i mm. Robust, black, the head anteriorly from the 
front ocellus blue; ‘flagellum brown-black, the scape at base and apex 
yellowish; funicle joints 4 and 6 whitish; tips of tibia and tarsi, 
except last joint, honey-yellow; wings hyaline, dusky or fuliginous at 
base only, the marginal vein punctiform, the postmarginal vein devel- 
oped but slender, about two-thirds the length of the sigmal; all veins 
brown. The head on vertex has some small scattered punctures but 
anteriorly it is perfectly smooth and polished; the thorax is almost 
smooth, but with a strong lens one can detect some delicate transverse 
strie and a few microscopic punctures; abdomen short, broadly oval, 
smooth and shining. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4851, U.'S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat.—District of Columbia: Washington. 


45. EURYRHOPALUUS Howard. 
1898. Huryrhopalus Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, p. 237. 


(Type, Luryrhopalus schwarzi Howard.) 


1. KFURYRHOPALUS SCHWARZI Howard. 


Luryrhopalus schwarzi HOWARD, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, p. 237, female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5029, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Florida: Biscayne Bay. 


46. HEMENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Hemencyrtus herbertiit Ashmead.) 


Stature and general appearance of Hncyrtus cecidomyie Howard, but 
quite different in sculpture and in venational and antennal characteris 
tics. The head is scarcely as wide as the thorax between the wings, 
lenticular, shagreened, but with sparse, distinet, umbilicate punctures 
on the forehead. The antenne are 11-jointed, filiform or nearly, and 
clothed with short, sparse hairs, the joints of the funicle all being alittle 
longer than wide; the club is rather short, scarcely as long as the 
pedicel and first joint of fanicle united, the pedicel being obeonical and 
hardly twice as long as thick. 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIND—ASHMEAD.- 375 


The pronotum is distinct, not short, about two-thirds the length of 
the mesonotum, the latter being twice as wide as long and somewhat 
shorter than the sentellum. The front wings have a short marginal 
vein which is only about twice as long as thick, or a little longer; the 
stigmal vein is nearly twice as long as the marginal, while the post- 
marginal vein is very much longer than the stigmal. Abdomen in 
female conically pointed, somewhat longer than the head and thorax 
united, with the ovipositor exserted, the sheaths being very broad. 


1. HEMENCYRTUS HERBERTII Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 2.8mm. Dark blue; collar, scutellum toward apex, 
metapleura, and abdomen aeneous black; antenne, except three or 
four apical joints, and the legs, except the cox, brownish-yellow. Head 
with sparse but distinct thimble-like punctures on forehead and along 
the inner orbits; the scrobes form a distinct semicircular depression. 
The mesonotum is smooth apparently, but with a strong lens one can 
detect a vaguely defined or indistinctly impressed thimble-like punctua- 
tion. Wings subhyaline; tegul piceous, the subcostal vein yellowish, 
while the marginal, stigmal, and postmarginal veins are brown. Abdo- 
men a little longer than the head and thorax united, depressed or concave 
above, carinate beneath; the ovipositor exserted to nearly one-third its 
length, with very broad, compressed sheaths. 

Habitat.—Brazil: Chapada. (Herbert H. Smith collection.) 


47. COCCOPHOCTONUS Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Coccophoctonus dactylopti Ashmead.) 


Form very broad and. robust, resembling somewhat the genus Phe- 
nodiscus Forster. The head is lenticular, wider than the thorax, with 
very large oblong-oval eyes, the frons in consequence being rather 
narrow but still with the thimble-like punctuation. The antenne are 
very short, the flagellum being scarcely longer than the slender scape, 
the club very large and distinctly longer than the short funicle, the 
joints of the latter being very small, transverse or annular. The pro- 
notum is short; the mesonotum fully twice as wide as long, shorter than 
the scutellum and smooth or very indistinctly punctate. The wings, 
unlike those in Phenodiscus, are hyaline, the marginal vein being 
scarcely three times as long as thick, the stigmal vein longer than the 
marginal, while the postmarginal vein is fully as long as the marginal 
and stigmal veins united. The abdomen in outline is triangular, broadly 
sessile, depressed, and much shorter than the thorax. 

The male resembles the female, but is much smaller, narrower, less 
robust, with the head smaller and not broader than the thorax; other- 
wise in antennal and venational characters it agrees with the female. 


r. COCCOPHOCTONUS DACTYLOPII Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 1.4mm. Robust. blue-black, the abdomen aeneous; 
Scape pale yellowish; all tibive and tarsi, apical third of middle tibiz, 


376 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. XXM. 


and the apical half, or a little more, of the hind femora, honey-yellow. 
The middle tibize are sometimes dusky toward base. Frons with a 
rather close thimble-like punctuation; mesonotum nearly smooth, but 
with a sparsely, vaguely defined punctuation; scutellum shagreened. 

Male.—Length, 0.9 mm. Differs from female in being much smaller, 
narrower, and Jess robust; the legs are brown-black, with tips of femora 
and the tibiz and tarsi honey-yellow, while the anterior and middle 
tibize are more or less dusky or fuscous basally. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5081, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat. Australia. 

Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius sp. 

Described from 11 specimens, bred from a Coccid, Dactylopius sp., 
September, 1894, by Albert Koebele. 


48. PHAZNODISCUS Forster. 


1856. Phenodiscus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 144. 
1856. Discodes FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 32. 


Type, Lncyrtus aneus Dalman. 
ype, y 


1. PHAZNODISCUS ARIZONENSIS Howard. 


Phenodiscus arizonensis HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus,, XXJ, 1898, p. 248, female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 3853, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Avrizona: Chiricahua Mountains; Colorado (Gillette); New 
Mexico (Cockerell). 


2. PHZENODISCUS CONFORMIS Howard. 


Encyrtus conformis HOWARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 152, 
female and male.—DALua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 256. 


Type.—Cat. No. 4852, U.S.N.M.; also in British Museum. 
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada. 


3. PHZENODISCUS UNICOLOR Ashmead. 
Aphycus unicolor ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1898, p. 15, female.—DALLA Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 252. 

Femate.—Length, 1.2 mm. Uniformly pale ferruginous, the tarsi yel- 
lowish, the funicle joints 4, 5, and 6 snow white, the club black, wings 
somewhat abbreviated, brownish. The head has the coarse, character- 
istic thimble-like punctuation, while the mesonotum and scutellum are 
smooth, impunctate. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4741, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat.—Vlorida: Jacksonville. 

Allied to P. arizonensis Howard, but smaller, paler, and readily dis- 
tinguished by the color of the cox and the abbreviated wings. 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN 4F—ASHMEAD. 


| o9 
~] 
) A 


49. RHYTIDOTHORAX Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Rhytidothorax marlatti Ashmead.) 

Allie l to Phenodiscus Forster, but much less robust and with the 
following structural differences: The wings are hyaline, the marginal 
vein being longer than the stigmal, while the costal cell in the hind 
wings is long and narrow. The head is scarcely as wide as the thorax; 
eyes pubescent; antenne rather long; the flagellum subclavate, not 
ringed with white; the funicle joints 2-6 transverse, the pedicel obconi- 
eal, three times as long as thick, or longer than the first joint of the 
funicle. The head has the usual thimble-like punctuation, but the 
mesonotum is shagreened or rugulose, especially anteriorly, while the 
scutellum is more distinctly, although somewhat finely, shagreened. 


1. RHYTIDOTHORAX MARLATTI Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 1.65 mm. Black; seatellum and abdomen ‘eneous; 
seape, the apical half of femora and all tibie and tarsi honey-yellow. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4742, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat.— Kansas: Riley County. 

This interesting species was received many years ago from Mr. ©. L. 
Marlatt. 


BO. TANAONEURA Howard. 
1896. Tanaoneura Howarpd, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, p. 146. 


(Type, Tanaoneura ashmeadii Howard.) 


1. TANAONEURA ASHMEADII Howard. 


Tanaoneura ashmeadii Howarpn, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 
147, female.—DaLia Torre, Cat. Hym., V, p. 230. 


Type in British Museum. 
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada. 
51. HEXACLADIA Ashmead. 
1891. Hexacladia ASHMEAD, Ins. Life, III, p. 456. 
(Type, Hexacladia smithii Ashmead.) 


1. HEXACLADIA SMITHII Ashmead. 


Hexacladia smithitti ASHMEAD, Ins. Life, IIT, 1891, p. 456, female and male.—DALLA 
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 230. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4743, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection); also H. H. 
Smith collection. 
Habitat.—South America. 


52. HOMALOTYLUS Mayr. 


1875. Homalotylus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, p. 752. 
1875. Nobrimus THomson, Hym. Skand., IV, pp. 116, 137. 


(Type, Lnecyrtus flaminius Dalman.) 


378 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXU. 


1. HOMALOTYLUS LACHNI Ashmead. 


Homalotylus lachni ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIII, 1886, p. 132, female.— 
Cresson, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 240.—Datia Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, 
p. 247. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4744, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville. 
Host.—Rhyneh.: Lachnus australis Ashmead. (?) 


2, HOMALOTYLUS SIMILIS Ashmead. 
Homalotylus similis ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIV, 1887, p. 190, female.— 
DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 247. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4745, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—F lorida. 


3. HOMALOTYLUS TERMINALIS Say. 
Serlion terminalis Say, Maclur. Lyc. Phil., IT, 1828, p. 80; Le Conte’s ed. Say’s 
Works, I, 1859, p. 383. 
Scelio terminalis CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 248.— DaLLa TORRE, Cat. 
Hym., V, 1898, p. 496. 
Eutelus seymne SHIMER, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., II, 1869, p. 885.—CREsson, Syn. Hym. 
N.A., p.242.—Datia Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 93. 
Homalotylus obscurus Howard, Bull. No. 5, U. 8. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 
- 22, female.— HUBBARD, Orange Ins., 1886, p. 74, fig. 35.—HowakpD, Ins. Life, 
IV, 1891, p. 192, fig. 17.—Datxa Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 247. 
Homalotylus terminalis ASHMEAD, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., ITV, 1898, p. 149. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2648, U.S.N.M. (Howard’s obscurus.) 
Habitat.—North America. 
Host.—Coleop.: Scymnus sp., Cycloneda sanguinea Linneeus, Cocei- 
nella 9-notata Herbst, Psyllobora 20-maculata Say, Mysia pullata Say, 
Hippodamia convergens Guerin. 


53. ISODROMUS Howard. 
1886. Lsodromus HOWARD, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., p. 488. 


(Type, Jsodromus icerye Howard.) 


1. ISODROMUS CHRYSOP Ashmead. 


Aphycus chrysope ASHMBAD, Ent. ‘Amer., IV, 1888, p. 15, female.—DaLLa TORRE, 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 251. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4746, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville; and District of Columbia. 
Host.—Neurop.: Chrysopa sp. 


2. ISODROMUS ICERY Howard. 


Tsodromus icerye HOWARD, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., 1886, p. 488, female.—CRESSON, 


Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 312, pl. m1, fig. 1.—DaLLa Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 
1898, p. 267. 


Type.—Cat. No. 1491, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—California. 
Host.—Neurop.: Chrysopa sp. (not Icerya purchasi, as resorded),. 


ues 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCVYRTIN 2—ASHMEAD. 


379 


3. ISODROMOS NIGER Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 2 mm. Robust, black; the scape and flagellum 
beneath are brownish; the prothoracie scale margined with white; the 
tegulz white at base; the front legs and the middle femora and tarsi, 
except the basal joint, honey-yellow; middle tibize and the hind legs, 
except the tarsi, brown-black; hind tarsi, basal joint of middle tarsi, 
and the tibial spurs, white. Wings clear hyaline. 

Type —Cat. No. 4747, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat.—District of Columbia. Captured while ovipositing in an 
immature Chrysopid larva. 


4. ISODROMUS ATRIVENTRIS Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 2 mm. Ferruginous; the hind tibie and tarsi, 
the last four joints of the middle tarsi, and the flagellum are brown or 
fuscous; the disk of mesonotum is obfuscated; the metanotum and the 
abdomen are black; the tegule at base white, while the metapleura 
are clothed with a silvery pubescence. Front wings hyaline, with a 
large discoidal cloud beneath, and inclosing the stigmal vein. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4748, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat.—Canada: Ottawa. (W. H. Harrington.) 


5. ISODROMUS PUNCTICEPS Howard. 


Encyrtus puncticeps HOwARD, Bull. No. 5, U. 8. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 
14.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym.N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 
1898, p. 262. 

Type.—Cat. No. 2635, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.— Virginia. 


54. CERCHYSIUS Westwood. 


1832. Cerchysius WESTWOOD, Phil. Mag. (3), I, p. 128. 
1884. Aseirba CAMERON, Biol. Centr.-Am. Hym.., I, p. 127 (teste Howard). 


(Type, Encyrtus subplanus Dalman.) 


1. CERCHYSIUS CAUDATA Cameron. 
Aseirba caudata CAMERON, Biol. Centr.-Am. Hym., I, 1889, p. 127, female, pl. v1, 
fig. 13. 


Cerchysius caudata HOwARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XXV, 1894, p. 87. 
Aseirba caudata DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 244. 


Habitat.—Guatemala. 
2. CERCHYSIUS ELASMOCERI Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 1.6 mm.; to tip of ovipositor,2 mm. Robust, black 
with a faint bluish tinge, smooth impunctate except the frons, which 
is faintly shagreened. Antenne black, the flagellum subfiliform, only 
Slightly thickened toward apex, very little more than twice the length 
of the scape; funicle joints cylindrical, more than thrice longer than 
thick; pedicel obconical, shorter than the first funicle joint, with a 


380 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


rufous tinge at apex. Mandibles rufo-piceous, 3-dentate. Thorax with 
a sparse pubescence, the netapleura with a silvery-white pubescence; 
the lunate mark before tegule wanting; scutellum finely, feebly sha- 
ereened; metathorax very short, polished. Legs ferruginous, the cox 
black, the femora brownish or obfuscated, excepting toward tips, the 
middle and hind tibize at base also obfuscated. Wings hyaline, the 
venation pale brownish, the stigmal vein oblique, about as long as 
the marginal and postmarginal veins united. Abdomen conico-ovate, as 
long as the head and thorax united, ending in a broadly compressed 
ovipositor which is longer than half the length of the abdomen. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4749, U.S.N.M. — 

Habitat.—Virginia and District of Columbia. 

Host.—Coleop.: Hlasmocerus terminatus Say. Bred by Frank H. 
Chittenden. 


3. CERCHYSIUS FLACCUS Walker. 


Encyrtus (Cerchysius) flaccus WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XX, 1847, p. 21, 
female.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 2. 
Cerchysius flaccus DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 244. 


Habitat.—Vlorida. 
4. CERCHYSIUS HUBBARDII Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 2.6 mm. Blue; head on vertex and the mesonotum 
metallic blue-green, the basal abdominal segments laterally blue-green ; 
scape honey-yellow, the pedicel and the flagellum brown-black; legs, 
except coxie, the base of anterior femora, and the basal two-thirds of 
hind femora pale ferruginous or brownish-yellow; sheaths of ovipositor 
very broad, testaceous. Wings hyaline, the tegule brown-black, the 
venation testaceous. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5080, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—California: Salton. 

Bred by HE. A. Schwarz from a beetle, Vrelleta hubbardi Schwarz 
manuscript, infesting the stems of Alleuroffia occidentalis, collected at 
Salton, California, by H.G. Hubbard, in March, 1897. 


5. CERCHYSIUS (?) ICERYA Howard. 


Cerchysius icerye Howarn, Ins. Life, IV, 1892, p. 379, female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 1490, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat—West Indies: Jamaica. 


Host.—Whyneh.: Leerya rose Riley and Howard. This may not be a 
Cerchysius sens. str. 


6. CERCHYSIUS PALLIDIPES Provancher. 


Copidosoma pallipes PROVANCHER, Add. Fn. duCan. Hym., 1887, p. 205.—CrEsson, 
Syn. Hym., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 243. 


Habitat.—Canada: Ottawa. (W. H. Harrington.) 


No, 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN.E—ASHMEAD. 381 


55. SCEPTROPHORUS Forster. 
1856. Sceptrophorus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 34. 
1875. Trichomasthus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., LV, p. 142. 
(Type, Sceptrophorus sceptriger Forster. ) 
1. SCEPTROPHORUS HYALINIPENNIS Howard. 
Psilophrys hyalinipennis Howard, Bull. No.5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 
21, female.—CRrEssoN, Syn. Hym., 1887, p.239.—DaLia TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 
1898. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2647, U.S.N.M. 
Halbitat.—District of Columbia. 
2. SCEPTROPHORUS CONVEXUS Howard. 
Encyrtus convexus HOWARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 153, 
inale.—DaLia Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 257. 
Type in British Museum. 
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada. 


3. SCEPTROPHORUS SOLUS Howard. 


Encyrtus solus Howarb, Bull. No. 5, U. 8S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 15, 
female.—CreEsson, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLua TorRRE, Cat. Hym., 
V, 1898, p. 263. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2637, U.S.N.M. 
Hatbitat.—tlorida. 
Host.—KRhyuch.: Trioza magnolic Ashmead. 


56. ECHTHROPLEXIS Forster. 


1856. Hehthroplexis FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 33. 
1875. Canocercus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, p. 145. 


(Type, Caneocercus puncticollis Vhomson. ) 
1. ECHTHROPLEXIS PUNCTICOLLIS Thomson. 


Cenocercus puncticollis THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 145, female.—DawiLa 
TORRE, Cat. Hym.,.V, 1898, p. 229. 


Halbitat.—Kurope. 
2. ECHTHROPLEXIS HIRTUS Howard. 


Eneyrtus hirtus Howarbd, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX V, 1894, p.95.—DaLLa 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 259. 


Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vincent. 


87. OOENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Hneyrtus clisiocampe Ashmead. ) 
This genus is proposed for certain species described under the genus 


Encyrtus (sens. lat.), bred from the eggs of different insects, since they 
can be no longer retained in that geuus as now restricted. 


382 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL 


It is at once distinguished by the very minute, short, usually puncti- 
form marginal vein, which is not or scarcely longer than thick, and the 
non-developed or extremely short post marginal vein, similar to Copido- 
soma Katzeburg. 

Its other characters, however, are quite different from that genus, 
the face being short, the antennal characters and punctuation being 
characteristic. It comes closest to Prionomastix Mayr, but its cephalic 
and antennal peculiarities, made use of in my table, readily separate it 
from this and allied genera. 

Judging from their hosts, the European species Encyrtus notodonte, 
E. tardus Ratzeburg (= HL. ovulorum Forscolomb) and EH. embryophagus 
Hartig, probably belong here. 

Our species are are as follows: 


1. OOENCYRTUS ANAS Ashmead. 
Encyrtus anase ASHMEAD, Bull. No. 14, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1887, p. 23, 
female.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., p. 812.—DatLua Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 
1898, p. 254. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2853, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Florida. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Eges Anasa tristis De Geer. 
2. OOENCYRTUS CLISIOCAMPZE Ashmead. 
Encyrtus clisiocampe ASHMEAD, Bull. Ohio Exp. Sta., I, 1893, p. 163, female and 
male.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 256. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4750, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Ohio. 
Host.—Lepid.: Eggs Clistocampa disstria Hiibner. 
3. OOENCYRTUS GARGARIS Walker. 
Encyrtus gargaris WALKER, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., XII, 1843, p. 47, male.—DALiLa 
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 259. 
Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vincent. 


4. OOENCYRTUS JOHNSONI Howard. 


Encyrtus johnsont HowarD, Can. Ent., XXX, 1899, p. 18. 
Type.—Cat. No. 1424, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Maryland. 

Host.—RBhyuch.: Eggs Murgantia histrionica Hahn. 


58. PSYLLAZPHAGUS Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Lneyrtus pachypsylle Howard.) 


This genus comes closest to Ooencyrtus, but is at once distinguished 
by the broader vertex, the position of the lateral ocelli, and the distinct 
but short postmarginal vein, as pointed out in my table. 

The species belonging to it seem to confine their attacks to nymphs 
in the Homopterous family Psyllide. 

The following are the known species in North America: 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN B—ASHMEAD. 383 


1. PSYLLAZPHAGUS PACHYPSYLL Howard. 


Encyrtus pachypsylle Howarp, Bull. No. 5, U. 8. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, 
p. 15, female and male.—CRrESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A.. 1887, p. 239.—DaALLa 
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 262. 


Type.—Cat. No. 2638, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Maryland. 
Host.—Rhyneh.: Pachypsylla c.-gemma ailey 


2. PSYLLAZPHAGUS TRIOZIPHAGUS Howard. 

Encyrtus trioziphagus HOWARD, Bull. No. 5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, 
p. 14, female Cresson, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p.239.—DaLia 
TorRE, Cat. Hymv., V, 1898, p. 265. 

Type.—Cat. No. 2636, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.— District of Columbia. 
Host._-Khynuch.: Trioza diospyri Ashmead. 


59. COCCIDENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Encyrtus ensifer Howard.) 


Comes nearest to Ooencyrtus and Psyllephagus, but easily separated 
by the longer or distinct postmarginal vein, and by the differences in 
the antennz, the club in female being much longer than in those two 
genera, the pedicel shorter, and the funicle joints smaller, submonili- 
form. In the male the flagellum is much longer, ending in a distinct 
club, the funicle joints about twice as long as thick, subnodose above 
and with half whorls of long hairs. The head is transverse, as wide 
as the thorax, with a vertex of moderate width, not narrow, the ocelli 
triangularly arranged, the lateral ocelli not lying close to the eye mar- 
gin—at least their width, or a little more, from it. Abdomen short, 
triangular, as viewed from above, with the ovipositor subexserted, the 
sheath projecting somewhat beyond the top of abdomen. 


1. COCCIDENCYRTUS ENSIFER Howard. 


Encyrtus ensifer HOWARD, Bull. No. 5, U.S. Dept. Agric., 1885, p. 13, female and 
male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym.N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 
1898, p. 257. 
Type.——Cat. No. 2633, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Florida. 
Host._Rhynch.: Aspidiotus corticalis Riley manuscript. 


60. APHYCUS Mayr. 


1875. Aphycus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, p. 695. 
1875. Microterys THOMSON (part), Hym. Skand., IV, p. 155 [sec. ee, p. 168]. 


(Type, Eneyrtus apicalis Dalman.) 
An excellent table by Dr. Howard for distinguishing the females of 


all the described species in this genus has been published.' The known 
species are as follows: 


ierecrediies of the ms S. National Museum, XXI, 1899, p. 240, 


384 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXiI. 


1. APHYCUS AMCENUS Howard. 


Aphycus amenus HOwarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 150, 
male.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 251. 
Type in British Museum. 
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada. 


2. APHYCUS ANNULIPES Ashmead. 


Coccophagus annulipes ASUMEAD, Can. Ent., XIV, 1882, p. 37, female. 
Aphycus annulipes HOwARD, Bull. No.5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 19.— 
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 238. , 1898, 
p. 251.—Howarb, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, p. 241. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4751, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecaniwn sp. on oak. 


3. APHYCUS APICALIS Dalman. 


Encyrtus apicalis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 153, female. — 
Ness, Ichn. affin. Monoger., II, 1854, p. 220.—WaLkrnr, Ent. Mag, V, 1837, 
p. 110, female.—-RaTZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., IT, 1848, p. 145. 

Aphycus apicalis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 6957696, 
female.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 251.—HOwarpD, Proc. U.S. Nat. 
Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 241. 

Microterys apicalis THomson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 153.—DaLia Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V, 1898, p. 233. 

Haditat.—Europe and North America. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Pulvinaria carpini Linneeus. 


4. APHYCUS ANGELICUS Howard. 


Aphycus angelicus HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, pp. 241, 245. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5044, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—California: Los Angeles. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius sp. on passion flower. 


5. APHYCUS AUSTRALIENSIS Howard. 


Aphycus australiensis HOWARD, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, pp. 241, 245, 
female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5045, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Australia: Victoria, Melbourne. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius sp. on eucalyptus. 


6. APHYCUS ALBERTI Howard. 


Aphycus alverti HowARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, pp. 241, 247, female and 
male. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5051, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—New South Wales: Sydney. 
Lecanium hespertdum Linnzeus. 


NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 38 


Rn? 


7. APHYCUS BRUNNEUS Howard. 


Aphycus brunneus Howard, Bull. No.5, U. S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 17, 
female.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 238.—DaLia Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V, 1898, p. 25.—HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 241. 


Type.—Cat. No. 2642, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.-_New York; New Jersey. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Diaspis rose Bouché. 

8. APHYCUS CALIFORNICUS Howard. 


Aphycus californicus HOWARD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, pp. 241, 245, 
female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5043, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—California: Alameda. 
Host.—Rhyneh.: Lecanium sp. on Adenostoma fasciculatum. 


9. APHYCUS CEROPLASTIS Howard. 


Aphycus ceroplastis HOWARD, Bull. No. 5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent.,1885, p. 18, 
female and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 238.—Datia Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 241.—Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 241. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2643, U.S.N.M. 
Halbitat.—New Mexico. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Ceroplastes artemisie Riley. 


10. APHYCUS COCKERELLI Howard. 


Ayhycus cockerelli HowaARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, pp. 240, 243, female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5038, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—New Mexico: Las Cruces. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium sp. on osage orange. 


11. APHYCUS COQUILLETTI Howard. 


Aphycus coquilletti HowaRD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, pp. 241, 244. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5041, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—California: Los Angeles. 


12, APHYCUS DACTYLOPII Howard. 
Aphycus dactyloptti HoOwARD, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXJ, 1898, pp. 240, 242. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5056, U.S.N.M. 
HMabitat.—China: Hongkong. 
Most.—-Rhynch.: Dactylopius vastator Maskell. 


13. APHYCUS ERUPTOR Howard. 


Aphycus erupior HOwARD, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 364, pl. XXIII, fig. 5, 
female and male.—CreEsson, Syn. Hym.N. A., 1887, p. 238.--DALLA TORRE, Cat. 
Hym., V, 1898, p. 251.—Howarp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 241. 

Type.—Cat. No. 2609, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Florida. 

Host.—Rhyneh.: Lecanium sp. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 25 


386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII 


14. APHYCUS FLAVICEPS Howard. 
Aphycus flaviceps Howanrb, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXT, 1898, pp. 241, 246, female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5049, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Illinois: Champaign. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecaniwm sp. 
15. APHYCUS FLAVUS Howard. 


Aphycus flavus Howard, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 19, female.—CRESSON, 
Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 228.—DaLia Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 251.— 
Howakb, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 241. 

Type.—Cat. No. 2610, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Florida; West Indies: Grenada. 
Host.—Rhyneh.: Mytilaspis citricola Packard. 
16. APHYCUS FUSCIPENNIS Howard. 

Aphycus fuscipennis Howard, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXT, 1898, pp. 240, 241. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5033, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—California: Sonoma County. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium sp. on Arctostaphylos pungens. 


17, APHYCUS HEDERACEUS Westwood: 


EB neyrtus hederacews WESTWOOD, Phil. Mag. (3), X, 1837, p. 441.—WaLkur, Ent. 
Mag., V, 1837, p. 107, female. 
Encyrtus fulvifrons WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p. 109, female. 
Aphycus hederaceus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 695, 696, 
female.—DauuLa Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 251.—Howarpb, Proc. U.S. Nat. 
Mus., XXTI, 1898, p. 241. 
Habitat.—Kurope. 
FTost. —Rhyneh.: Lecaniwm pila dis. 


18. APHYCUS IMMACULATUS Howard. 
Aphycus immaculatus Howarp, Ins. Life, VI, 1894, p. 236, fig. 1, male.—DaALua 
TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 251. ; 
Type.—Cat. No. 1474, U.S.N.M. 
Halitat.—California. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Aspidiotus aurantii Maskell. 
19. APHYCUS JOHNSONI Howard. 
- Aphycus johnsoni Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, pp. 241, 244, female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5040, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Mlinois: Champaign. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium sp. on elm. 


20. APHYCUS LECANII Howard. 
Aphycus lecaniti HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, pp. 240-242, female and 
male. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5034, U.S.N.M 
Halitat.—California: Alameda and Los Angeles counties. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecaniwm sp.on Pinus cnrsignis, Lecanium sp. on 
Heteromeles arbutifolia, and a Lecanium sp. on Quercus agrifolia. 


NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 387 


21. APHYCUS LICHTENSIZ® Howard. 
Aphycus lichlensie HOWARD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 640, female.— 
DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 251.—Howakrb, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 
XXI, 1898, p. 240. 
Type.—Cat. No. 3259, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Ceylon. 
Host.—Rhynceh.: Lichtensia koebelei Maskell. 


22. APHYCUS LOUNSBURYI Howard. 
Aphycus lounsburyi HowaRD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XT, 1898, pp. 241, 244, female. 


Type.—Cat. No. 5042, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—South Africa: Cape Town. 
Host.—Rhyneh.: Lecanium olee Bernard. 


e 


23. APHYCUS MACULIPES Howard. 


Aphycus maculipes Howakp, Bull. No. 5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 18, 
female and male.—Cresson, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 238.--DaLLa Torre, 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 252.—HowarbD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 241. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2644, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—South Carolina. 
Host.—Whyneh.: Lecanium sp. on water oak. 


24. APHYCUS MEXICANUS Howard. 
Aphycus mexicanus HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXJ, 1898, pp. 241, 247, female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5050, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Louisiana: Baton Rouge; Mexico: City of Mexico. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Ceroplastes cerripediformis Comstock and Cero- 
plastes sp. 


25. APHYCUS NIGRITUS Howard. 
Aphycus nigritus HOWARD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, pp. 241, 245. 


Type.—Cat. No. 5039, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Cahfornia: Los Angeles. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius sp. on Artemisia. 


26. APHYCUS OAXACZE Howard. 
Aphycus oaxacw HOWARD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, pp. 241, 246, female. 
Type.— Cat. No. 5047, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat—Mexico: Oaxaca. 
27. APHYCUS OREGONENSIS Howard. 


Aphycus oregonensis HOwaARD, Proc. U.S. Nat Mus., X XI, 1898, pp. 241, 246, female. 


Type.—Cat. No. 5048, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Oregonu: Aumsville, Marion County. 
Host—Rhyneh.: Pulvinaria sp. on Oregon flowering currant. 


388 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII 


28. APHYCUS PULCHELLUS Howard. 


_Aphycus pulchellus HowARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXT, 1898, pp. 241, 242, female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5035, U.S.N.M. 


Habitat.—New York: Ithaca. 
Host.—Rhyuch.: Kermes sp. on oak, Quercus tinctoria. 


29. APHYCUS PUNCTIPES Dalman. 


Encyrtus punctipes DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, pp. 30, 370, 
pl. vu, fig. 60.—NreEs, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., Ti, 1834, p. 201.—WALKER, 
int. Mag., V, 1837, p. 108, female and male.—STEPHENS, Illustr. Brit. Ent. 
Suppl., 1846, p. 9, pl. XLv1, fig. 4.—RaTZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., II, 1848, 
p. 146, female and male; III, 1852, p. 189, pl. 11, fig. 14.—VOLLENHOVEN, 
Pinacogr., 1879, p. 55, pl. Xxxv, fig. 7. 

Aphycus punctipes MAYR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 696, 697, female 
and male-—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 252.—HowarbD, Proc. U.S. 
Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 240, female. 

Microterys punctipes THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 168, female and male.— 
DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 238. 

Habitat.—Europe; North America. 
Host.—Rhyneh.: Pulvinaria vitis Linneus. 


30. APHYCUS PULVINARIZ Howard. 


Aphycus pulvinarie HowarD, Rep. U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 18, female and 
male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 238. 


Type.——Cat. No. 2611, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat._-Iowa. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Pulvinaria sp. 


31. APHYCUS TEXANUS Howard. 
Aphycus teranus HOWARD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XX1, 1898, pp. 241, 245, female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5046, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Texas: Brownsville. 
Host.—Whynch.: Dactylopius virgatus Cockerell. 


32. APHYCUS TOWNSENDI Howard. 


Aphycus townsendi HowaARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, pp. 240, 243, female. 


Type.--Cat. No. 5037, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat._New Mexico: Mesilla Park. 
Host.--Rhyneh.: Phenacoccus sp. on cotton. 


61. HETERARTHRELLUS Howard. 
1898. Heterarthrellus HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 239. 


(Type, Heterarthrellus australiensis Howard.) 


NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN£2—ASHMEAD. 389 


1. HETERARTHRELLUS AUSTRALIENSIS Howard. 


Heterarthrellus australiensis HowarpD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XXT, 1898, p. 239, 
female and male. 


Type.—Cat. No. 5032, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—New Sovth Wales: Parametta. 
Host.—Coleop.: Scymnus flavifrons Blackburn; Ehizobius debilis 
Blackburn. 
62. ASTYMACHUS Howard. 
1898. Astymachus HowaARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXT, p. 238. 


(Type, Astymachus japonicus Howard.) 
1. ASTYMACHUS JAPONICUS Howard. 


Astymachus japonicus HOwARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X XI, 1898, p. 239. 
Type.--Cat. No. 5031, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—_Japan: Gifu. 
Host._-Rhyneh.: Lecanium-like coccid on Bambusa. 


63. BLASTOTHRIX Mayr. 
1875. Blastothrix Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, X XV, p. 697. 
1875. Microterys THOMSON (part), Hym. Skand., 1V, p. 155 [See. A, p. 155]. 


(Type, Encrytus sericeus Dalman.) 
x 1. BLASTOTHRIX ADJUTABILIS Howard. 


Blastothriz adjutabilis Howarp, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 365, female; 
pl xx1I1, fig. 6.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa Torre, Cat. 
Hym.. V, 1898, p. 252. 

Type.——Cat. No. 2612, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Florida; Virginia. 
Host.--Khyneh.: Lecanium sp. 


2. BLASTOTHRIX INCERTA Howard. 


Blastothrix incerta HOwarRpD, Rep. U. S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 366, male.— 
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 
252. 
Type.—Cat. No, 2613, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Florida. 
Host.—Lecanium sp. 


3. BLASTCTHRIX INSOLITA Howard. 
Blastothrix insolita Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 150, 
female.—DaLia Torrg, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 252. 
Type in British Museum. 
Hlabitat.—West Indies: Grenada. 


4. BLASTOTHRIX SERICEA Dalman. 


Encrytus sericeus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 357, female. 
Enecrytus sericans DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 363, male. 
Encrytus sericeus NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 217, female. 


390 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


Encrytus sericans NEES, Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, p. 247, male. 
Enerytus sericeus WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p. 72, female and male.—RatzE- 
BURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., III, 1852, p. 189, female. 
Encrytus sericans RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., III, p. 193, male. 
Microterys sericeus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 156, female and male. 
Blastothria sericeus MAyR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, X XY, 1875, pp. 698-700, 
female and male.—Wacutt, Wien. Ent. Zeite., I, 1882, p. 296.—DALLA. TORRE, 
Nat. Hym., IV, p. 253. 
Blastothrix longipennis HOwarb, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 566, female.— 
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLia Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 
252. 
Type.—-Cat. No. 2614, U.S.N.M. (longipennis Howard). — 
Habitat.—KEurope; North America. 
Hosts.—Rhyuch.: Pulvinaria vitis Linneus; Lecaniwm esculi Kollar. 
A common and widely distributed species. 


5. BLASTOTHRIX YUCC Coquillett. 
Blastothrix yuceew COQUILLETT, West Am. Scient., VII, 1890, p. 44.—DaALLa 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 253. 
Type.—Cat. No. 1476, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—California. 
Host.-_Rhynch.: Pseudococcus yuece Coquillett. 


64. MICROTERYS Thomson. 
1875. Microterys THOMSON (part), Hym. Skand., IV, p. 155 (See. B, p. 157]. 


(Type, Eneyrtus sylvius Dalman. ) 
1. MICROTERYS CHALCOSTOMUS Dalman. 


Encyrtus chalcostomus DaALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Hlandl., XLI, 1820, p. 342, 
female.—NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monoer., II, 1854, p. 207. ° 
? Encyrtus cstivus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, p. 365, male.— 
Nees, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., I, p. 250. 
Eneyrtus chaleostomus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 706, 
719, female. : 
Microterys chalcostomus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 159.—DaLua Torre, 
Cat, Hym., V, 1898, p. 234. 
Habitat.__Europe. 
Host.—KRhyneh.: Lecanium esculi Kollar, L. quercus Linneeus. 


2. MICROTERYS CINCTICORNIS Ashmead, new species. 


This species probably represents a variety of the Kuropean MM. tes- 
sellatus Dalman. It agrees with it in stature and in wing markings, 
except that the triangular white marginal spots are connected so as to 
form an additional band, while the head and thorax at sides, too, are 
quite differently colored. The head, the pronotum, except above, the 
sides of the thorax, and the legs, are brownish-yellow, while the 
mesonotum is metallic blue. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4769, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat.—New Hampshire: Mount Washington. (Mrs. A.T. Slosson.) 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN“#—ASHMEAD. 391 


3. MICROTERYS CYANOCEPHALUS Daiman. 


Encyrtus cyanocephalus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 344, 
female.—NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monoer., II, 1834, p. 211.—Mayr, Verh. 
Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 709, 714, 720, female and male. 

Microterys cyanocephalus THoMson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 159.—Dauua 
TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 234. 


Habitat.—Kurope. 
Host.__Rhyneh.: Pulvinaria carpini Linneeus. 
4. MICROTERYS FASCIPENNIS Dalman. 


Encyrtus fascipennis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 354, 
female.—NrErs, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 243.—Maynr, Verh. 
Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 709, 721. 

Microterys fascipennis THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 161, female.—DALia 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 234. 

Habitat.—Europe. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecaniwm racemosum Ratzeburg, Physokermes abietis 
Modeer. 
5. MICROTERYS FLAVUS Howard. 


Eneurtus flavus HOwaARD, Rep. U.S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 367, female and male, 
pls. 236-233.—Cresson, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. 
Hym., V, 1898, p. 258. 

Type.—-Cat. No. 2615, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat California. 

Host.—iKhynch.: Lecanium hesperidum Linnzeus, L. piperis Green. 
6. MICROTERYS GASTRON Walker. 


Encyrtus gastron WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XX, 1847, p. 21, female.— 
Dauua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 259. 


Habitat.-—Florida. 
7. MICROTERYS INTERPUNCTUS Dalman. 


Eneyrtus iuterpunctus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 157, 
female.—NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 209.—Mayn, Verh. Zool.- 
bot. Ges. Wien, 1875, pp. 708, 720. 

Microtcrys interpunctus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 160.—DALLA TORRE, 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 234. 


Habitat.-Burope; North America. 
8. MICROTERYS IMBRASUS Walker. 


TEneyrtus umbrasus WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XX, 1847, p. 23.—CRESSON, 
Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DALLA ToRRkE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 259. 


Habitat.—-North America. 


399 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


9. MICROTERYS LICHTENSIZ Howard. 


Encyrius lichtensie Howard, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 63°, female.— 
DALLA ‘TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 620. 
Type.—Cat. No. 8252, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Ceylon. 
Host.-Rhyneh.: Lichtensia koebelei Maskell. 


10. MICROTERYS LUNATUS Dalman. 


Encyrtus lunatus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Aka‘i. Hanll., XLI, 1820, p. 156, female. 

(2) Encyrtus aestivus Nuns, Hyin. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 250, male; Hym. 
Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 250. 

Encyrtus cedrenus WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p. 112, female. 

Encyrtus lunatus ZETTERSTEDT, Ins. Lappon., I, 1838, p. 431. 

Eneyrtus cleone WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1844, p. 407, female. 

Encyrtus lunatus Mayr, Vehr. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 706, 715, 719, 
female.—V OLLENHOVEN, Pinacogt., 1879, p, 55, pl. Xxxv, fig. 8. 

Microterys lunatus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 161, female and male.— 
DaLLa TorRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 255. 


Habitat.—Europe; North America. 


11. MICROTERYS MARGINATUS Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 1.5 mm. Ferruginous; the mesonotum and the 
scutellum with a brownish metallic tinge; abdomen aeneous black; 
joints 3-6 of funicle white; club black; wings dark fuscous with the 
extreme apical margins white. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4770, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat.—New Mexico. 

Described from specimen received some years ago from Prof. T. D. A. 
Cockerell. 

12, MICROTERYS MONTiNUS Packard. 


Encyrlas montinus PACKARD, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XXI, 1881, p. 31, female.— 
CRreESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—Howarpb, Proc. Wasb. nt. Soc., I, 
1888, p. 91; in Seudder’s Butterflies, East U. S., 1889, p. 1887, female; pl. 
LXXXIX, fig.4.—DaALLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 261. 


Typein Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 
Habitat.—New Hampshire. 
Host.—Lepid.: Chionobas semidea Say. 


13. MICROTERYS SUBCUPRATUS Dalman. 


Eneyrtus subcupratus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 346, 
female.—NEEs, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monoer., II, 1834, p. 215, female.-—WALKER, 
Ent. Mag., LV, 1837, p. 460, female and male. 

Microterys subcupratus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 161, female. 
Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 235. 


DALLA 


Hiabitat.—Europe. 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 393 


14. MICROTERYS SUBLESTUS Howard. 


Encyrtus sublestus HOWARD, Bull. No.5, U. S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 12, 
male.—CRrESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLia Torre, Cat. Hym.,V, 
1898, p. 264. 


Type.—Cat. No. 2632, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Florida. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium sp. 


15. MICROTERYS SYLVIUS Dalman. 


I'riscH, Beschr. Ins. Teutschl., 1X, 1750, p. 38, pJ. 111, fig. 22. 

Encyrtus sylvius DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 154, female. 

Eneyrtus zephyrinus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, p. 167, male. 

Encyrtus sylvius NEES, Hym. Ichn. Affin. Monogr., IT, 1854, p. 205. 

Encyrtus zephyrinus NEES, Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, p. 245. 

Encyrtus sylvius WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p. 103, female.—RATZEBURG, Ichn. 
d. Forstins., I, 1844, p. 214. 

Eneyrtus zephyrinus RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., I, p. 214. 

Encyrtus sylvius Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XX V, pp. 706, 714, 719, female 
and male. 

Microterys sylvius THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, p. 157.—DaLuia TORRE, Cat. Hym., 
V, p. 235. 


Habitat.—KEurope; North America; Canada. 
Hosts.—Rhynch.: Palvinaria betule Linneus, Lecanium pruni, L.coryli 
Linneus, L. wsculi Kollar. 


16. MICROTERYS TACHARDIA Howard. 


Eneyrtus tachardie Howarp, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1896, p. 637, male. — 
DaLLA TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 264. 
Type.—Cat. No. 3253, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Ceylon. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Tachardia albizziv Green. 


17. MICROTERYS TESSELLATUS Dalman. 


Encyrtus tessellatus DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad.Handl., XLI, 1820, p.342, female.— 
Nees, Hym. Ichn. aftin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 209.—WaLkER, Ent. Mag., V, 
1837, p. 55, female.—Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 708, 
720, temale. 

Microterys tessellatus THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1898, p. 160, female.—DALLa 
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 236. 


Habitat.—Kurope. 


18. (?) MICROTERYS BOLUS Walker. 


Encyrtus bolus WALKER, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., XIV, 1844, p. 17, female.—CrEs- 
SON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLta Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 256. 


Habitat.—Hudson Bay. 
Host.—Rhyneh.: Coceid on willows. 


394 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


1g. (?) MICROTERYS DUBIUS Howard. 
Encyrtus dubius HOWARD, Ins. Life, I, 1880, p. 270, fig. 66, male. 
Encyrtus dubiosus DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 257. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2704, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—California. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Icerya purchasi Maskell. 


20. MICROTERYS FUSCICORNIS Howard. 


Encyrtus fuscicornis HowarD, Bull. No.5, U. 8. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p. 13, 
female.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 259.—DaLia Torre, Cat. Hym., 
V, 1898, p. 258. , 
Type.— Cat. No. 2634, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Maryland. 


65. HOLCENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Aphycus niger Ashmead.) 


tesembles both Aphycus and Blastothrix. The front wings have a 
hairless oblique line, extending from base of stigmal vein to the hind 
margin as in Aphycus, but the venation is quite different: The marginal 
vein is distinct, not punctiform, although shorter than the stigmal vein; 
the postmarginal vein is long, well developed, and a little longer than 
the marginal and stigmal veins united. The antennz are subclavate, 
the scape only slightly thickened towards tip, and not at all dilated 
beneath, asin Aphycus and Blastothrix, while all the joints of the funicle, 
in the male, are wider than long, neither subdentate, nor with half 
whorls of hairs, as in blastothrix. The body, at the most, is clothed 
with a fine, sparse pubescence; the head and thorax are subopaque, 
finely coriaceous; the frons broad; the ocelli arranged in a triangle, 
the lateral far from the eye margin; scrobes distinct; scutellum a little 
longer than the mesonotum, with a delicate grooved line at the basal 
half; metathorax very short, abrupt; abdomen small, oval, depressed, 
scarcely two-thirds the length of the thorax. 


1. HOLCENCYRTUS NIGER Ashmead. 


Aphycus niger ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 15, male.—DaLLaA Torre, Cat. 
Hym., V, 1898, p. 252. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4752, ULS.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville. 


66. AGENIASPIS Dahlbom. 


Ageniaspis DAHLBOM, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Férh., XIV, p. 297. 


1857. 
75. Holcothorax MAyR, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XX V, p. 69. 


18 


(Type, Lncyrtus fuscicollis Dalman. ) 
1. AGENIASPIS ATRICOLLIS Dalman. 


Eneyrtus atricollis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Hand1., XLI, 1820, p. 358, female.— 
NEEs, Hym., Ichn. affin. Monoer., I, 1834, p. 237, female. 


e* 


¥ 
No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN &E—ASHMEAD. 395 


= - 


Ichneumon (Encyrtus) atricollis RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., 1844, p. 29, pl. vir, 
fig. 13. 

Eneyrtus atricotlis RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., I, 1844, p. 215, female and male; 
II, 1848, p. 146, pl. vi, fig. 18; ILI, 1852, p. 190. 

Holcothorax atricollis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 693, 694, 
female. 

Ageniaspis atricollis THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 182, female and male.— 
DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1998, p. 250. 


Habitat.—urope. 
Host.—Lepid.: Tinea evonymella Linnzeus, T. padella Linneus. 


2. AGENIASPIS FUSCICOLLIS Daiman. 


Encyrtus fuscicollis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., X LI, 1820, p. 359, female 
anil maie. 

Pteromalus cyanocephalus BouCHE, Naturg. d. Ins., 1834, p. 167. 

Eneyrtus fuscicollis NEres, Hym. Ichn. affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 286; Hym. 
Ichn. affin. Monogr., II, p. 434.—WatkkEr, Ent. Mag., V, 1838, p. 420, 
female and male. 

Encyrtus cyanocephalus WALKER, Ent. Mag., VI, p. 421.—GourR«au, Ann. Soe. Ent. 
Irranee (2), V, 1847, p. 244. 

Holcothorax fuscicollis Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, X XV, 1875, p. 693, female 
and male. 

Ageniaspis fuscicollis THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 82, female. 

Encyrtus fuscicollis BUGNION, Rec. Zool. Suisse, V, 1890, p. 485; types 20 to 22. 

Ageniaspis fuscicollis DaLLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 250.—MaRcHAL, 
Compt. rend. Soc. Biol., July 22, 1899. 


Habitat.—Europe. 
Host.—Lepid.: Hyponomeuta evonymella Linnieus, and H. cognatella 
Treitsche and H. padella Linnaeus. 


2 3. AGENIASPIS NEPTICULZ Mayr. 
Holcothorax nepticule Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1895, pp. 692, 693, 
female. 
Ageniaspis nepticule DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 250. 
Habitat.—Europe. 
Host.—Lepid.: Nepticulw splendidissimella Herrich-Schaeffer. 


4. AGENIASPIS TESTACEIPES Ratzeburg. 
Eneyrtus testaceipes RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., IT, 1848, p. 148, pl. 111, fig. 5. 
Holecthorax testaceipes Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, pp. 692, 693, 
female and male. ; 
Ageniaspis testaceipes DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 198, p. 250. 

Habitat.—Europe. 

Host.—Lepid.: Lithocolletis quercifoliella Zeller, L. cramerella Fabri- 
cius, L. complanella Hiibner, L. populifoliella Treitsche, and L. alniella 
Zeller. 

5. AGENIASPIS BUCCULATRICIS Howard. 
_ Eneyrtus bucculatricis HowaRrp, in Lintner’s First Ann. Rep. N. Y.. 1882, p. 160, 
fig. 43.—CREsson, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa TorRE, Cat. 
Hym., V, 1898, p. 256. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4768, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—New York. 

Host.—Lepid.: Bucculatrix pomifoliella Clemens. 


396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


67. PSEUDENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Encyrtus cecidomyie Howard.) 


To this genus belong several species placed by writers in Hneyrtus 
(sens. lat.). It is founded upon Hneyrtus cecidomyiw Howard, and to it 
belongs also the European species Encyrtus clavellatus Dalman. 

The species are strongly metallic and live parasitically in the Dip- 
terous larvee belonging to the family Cecidomyide. 

The thorax is smooth, impunctate, or at most with a delicate, micro- 
scopically reticulate punctuation; the stigmal vein is rather long, 
oblique, and usually a little longer than the marginal and postmarginal 
veins united; the axilla do not quite meet at their inner basal angles; 
the antenne are moderately long, subclavate, the 3-jointed club not 
much enlarged, only about half the length of the funicle or less, and 
not much thicker than the terminal joint of the funicle; the funicle 
6-jointed, subeylindrical, the joints all longer than wide, never monili- 
form, while the abdomen in female, in outline, is conic-ovate, depressed 
above and usually somewhat longer than the head and thorax united, 
‘or at least as long, the ovipositor always slightly exserted. 


1. PSEUDENCYRTUS CECIDOMYIZ Howard. 
Encyrtus cecidomyie HOWARD, Bull. No.5, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1885, p.16, 
female and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLua TORRE, 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 256. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2639, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Virginia; New York. 
Host.—Dipt.: Cecidomyia salicis-siliqua Walsh. 
2. PSEUDENCYRTUS NITIDUS Howard. 
Encyrtus nitidus Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XXV, 1894, p. 94, 
female.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 261. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2722, U.S.N.M.; also in British Museum. 
Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vincent. 


3. PSEUDENCYRTUS ROTUNDIFORMIS Howard. 


Encyrtus rotundiformis HOWARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 154, 
femaie.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 263. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4852, U.S.N.M.; also in British Museum. 
Habitat.——West Indies: Grenada. 
To this genus also probably belong the European species Microterys 
barbarus Dalman, and M. brevicornis Dalman. ° 


68. EPIENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Lncyrtus thyreodontis Ashmead.) 


This genus represents part of a group to which European writers 
have applied the generic term Hncyrtus Dalman. The types of the 
genus are Lncyrtus thyreodontis Ashmead and Ene. melanacis Daiman. 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINE—ASHMEAD. 397 


It comprises a group which appears to be hyperparasitic on Iehneumon 
flies belonging to the subfamily Ophionine; at least such appears to 
be the case with two of the North American species, and I should not 
be surprised to find all the species, failing in the genus, hyperparasitic. 

The stigmal vein is never longer than the marginal and postmarginal 
united, most frequently distinctly shorter; the axille usually meet at 
their inner basal angle; the antenne are rather short, the club much 
enlarged, as long, longer, or nearly as long as the funicle, and from two 
to three or more times wider than the last joint of the funicle; the 
funicle is 6-jointed, short, the joints transverse wider than long, or at 
least the 3 or 4 terminal joints, or the first 3 or 4 joints are moniliform, 
while the abdomen is ovate or pointed ovate, but not longer than the 
head and thorax united, usually somewhat shorter, the ovipositor not 
or only slightly extending beyond the tip of the abdomen. 


1. EPIENCYRTUS ARTACEZ Howard. 


Encyrtus artucee Howard, Rep. U. S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 252, female and 
male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DALLa Torre», Cat. Hyin., 
V, 1898, p. 255. 
Type.—Cat. No. 1469, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—F lorida. 
Host.—Lepid.: Artace punctistriga Walker, affected by an Ophionid. 


2. EPIENCYRTUS THYREODONTIS Ashmead. 


Encyrtus thyreodontis ASHMEAD, Proc. Wash. Ent. Soc., IV, 1898, p. 156, female 
and male. 


Type.—Cat. No. 4753, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection. ) 
Habitat.——Massachusetts: Cambridge. 
Host.—Hymen.: Thyreodon morio Fabricius, 

3. EPIENCYRTUS MELANACIS Dalman. 


Encyrtus melanacis DALMAN, Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Handl., XLI, 1820, p. 345, 
female.—NEEs, Ichn. Affin. Monogr., II, 1834, p. 213, female.-—Mayr, Verh. 
Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 701, female. 

Microterys melanacis THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 167, female and male.— 
DaLLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 285. 


Habitat.—Europe. 
4. EPIENCYRTUS SORDIDUS Howard. 


Encyrtus sordidus Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 153. 
female.—DaLLa TorRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 263. 


Habitat.— West Indies: Grenada. 
69. SYRPHOPHAGUS Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Lncyrtus mesograpte Ashmead. ) 


In wing venation this genus comes nearest to Mpiencyrtus, but is 
easily separated, in the female sex, by the marked difference in the 
antennee brought out in ny table. 


398 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XH, 


1. (?) SYRPHOPHAGUS FLAVICLAVUS Howard. 


Eneyrtus flaviclavus Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XXV, 1896, female.—: 
DaLLaA TorRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 258. 


Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vineent. 


2. SYRPHOPHAGUS MESOGRAPT2 Ashmead. 
Encyrtus mesograpte ASHMEAD, Tr, Am. Ent. Soc., XXIII, 1896, p. 232, female and 
muale.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 261. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4754, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—F lorida. 
Host.—Dipt.: Mesograpta polita Say. 


3. SYRPHOPHAGUS QUADRIMACULAT Ashmead. 


Pteromalus 4-maculate ASHMEAD (part), Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIV, 1887, p. 191. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4755, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—¥F lorida. 
Host.—Dipt.: Syrphus ribesii Linneus. 
4. SYRPHOPHAGUS MODERATUS Howard. 
Encyrtus moderatus HOwaARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 152, 
femate.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 261. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4756, U.S.N.M.; also in British Museum. 
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada. 
5. SYRPHOPHAGUS SUBMETALLICUS Howard. 
Eneyrtus submetallicus Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XX VI, 1896, p. 157, 
female.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 264. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4757, U.S.N.M.; also in British Museum. 
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada. 


6. SYRPHOPHAGUS VECTIUS Walker. 


Encyrtus vectius WALKER, Ann. and Mag. N. Hist., XX, 1847, p. 21, male-—Crrsson, 
Syn. Hym.N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLLa Torre, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 265. 


Habitat.—Florida. 


7O. APHIDENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Eneyrtus aphidiphagus Ashmead. ) 


The characters used in my table of genera readily separate this genus — 
from Pseudencyrtus and Epiencyrtus, the only genera, except possibly 
Ooencyrtus, with which it could be confused. Its resemblance to the 
last-mentioned genus, lies only in venational characteristics, since the 
marginal vein is also short, nearly punctiform; the other characters 
mentioned may, however, be depended upon to distinguish it. 

All of the species falling in this genus, known to me, are parasitic on 
Homoypterous insects belonging to the family Aphidide. It is also prob- 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. B)$) 


able, judging from the host, that the European Hneyrtus aphidivorus 
Mayr (= H. athaas Girard), a species I have not seen, belongs here. 
The North American species are: 


1. APHIDENCYRTUS APHIDIPHAGUS Ashmead. 


Eneyrtus aphidiphagus ASHMEAD, Bull. No. 14, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1887, 
p. 14, female.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 312.—DaL_a TorrRE, Cat. 
Hym., V, p. 255. 

Type.—Cat. Nos. 2846, female, 4758, male, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead 
collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville. 
Host.—Rhynech.: Aphis brassice Linneus. 
2. APHIDENCYRTUS LACHNI Ashmead. 

Encyrtus lachnt ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XII, 1885, Proc., p. xvi, female.— 

CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—Daxua Torre, Cat. Hym., V, p. 260. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4759, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida. 

Host.—Rhynch.: Lachnus australis Ashmead. 


3. APHIDENCYRTUS MEGOURZ Ashmead. 


Eneyrtus megoure ASUMEAD, Bull. No. 14, U. 8. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 1887, p. 
19, female and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 312.—DALLA TorRRE, 
Cat. Hym., V, p. 260. 


Type.—Cat. No. 2851, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Vlorida: Jacksonville. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Megoura solani Thomas. 
4. APHIDENCYRTUS ROS Ashmead. 
Slastothrix rose ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIII, 1886, p. 130, female.—CreEs- 
SON, Syn. Hym.N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaLuia TORRE, Cat. Hyi., V, 1898, p. 253. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4760, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.— Florida. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Siphonophora rose var. floride Ashmead. 
5. APHIDENCYRTUS SCHIZONEUR4: Ashmead. 


Encyrtus schizoneurw ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XII, 1885, Proc., p. xvi, female 
and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 239.—DaALLa TORRE, Cat. 
Ifym., V, p. 263. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4761, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Schizoneura aquatica Ashmead. 


6. APHIDENCYRTUS SIPHONOPHORZ Ashmead. 


Encyrtus siphonophore ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIf, 1886, p. 131, female.— 
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 289.—DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, 
p. 263. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4761, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Halitat.—Florida: Jacksonville. 
Host.-—RKhynech.: Siphonophora citrifolii Ashmead. 


400 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. XxI | 


7. APHIDENCYRTUS WEBSTERI Howard. 


Encyrtus websteri HowaRrpD, Ins. Life, II, 1890, p, 247, female and male; fig. 14, 
male.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Ilym., V, 1898, p. 265. 


Type.—Cat. No. 1483, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Indiana. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Siphonophora avene Fabricius. 


71. CHOREIA Westwood. 


1833. Choreia WESTWOOD, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 122. 


1871. Choria VOLLENHOVEN, Schets. Tab. 7. 
(Type, Lncyrtus ineptus Dalman.) 
Dalla Torre! has placed as a synonym of this genus Crantor Hali- 
day.? Haliday’s brief description applies, however, to a wingless form 
of an Aphelinus, and not to this genus. 


72. CHEILONEURUS Westwood. 


1833. Cheiloneurus Wrstwoop, Phil. Mag. (3), III, p. 343. 
1856. Chiloneurus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 32. 
1856. Sterrhocoma FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 37, female. 


(Type, Cheiloneurus formosus Westwood.) 
1. CHEILONEURUS ALBICORNIS Howard. 


Chilonewrus albicornis Howarp, Rep. U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1880, p. 363, pl. 1, fig. 4, 
female; Bull. No. 5, U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1885, p. 16, female.—CrEssON, Syn. 
Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 240.—DaLLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 241. 


Type.—Cat. No. 2608, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Washington. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium sp. 


2. CHEILONEURUS CUPREICOLLIS Ashmead. 


Chiloneurus cupreicollis ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIII, 1886, p. 131, female.— 
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 240.—DaLuLa Torre, Cat. Hym., V, p. 241. 


Type.—Cat. No. 4762, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville. 


3. CHEILONEURUS DACTYLOPII Howard. 


Chiloneurus dactylopii Howard, Bull. No. 5, U.S. Dept. Agric., 1885, p. 17, female 
and male.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 240.—DaLia Torks, Cat. 
Hym., V, p. 241. 


Type.—Cat. No. 2641, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Washington. 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. AOL 


4. CHEILONEURUS DIASPIDINARUM Howard. 
Chiloneurus diaspidinarum HOWARD, Ins, Life, VII, 1894, p. 256, female.—DALLA 
TorReE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 241. 


Type.—Cat. No. 1489, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—South Carolina: Liberty County. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Mytilaspis pomorum Bouche. 


5. CHEILONEURUS DUBIUS Howard. 


Chiloneurus dubius HOWARD, Bull. No. 5, U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1885, p. 17, maie.— 
CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 240.—DaLuLa ToRRE, Cat, Hym., V, p. 241. 


Type.—Cat. No. 2640, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Wisconsin. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecanium sp. 


6. CHEILONEURUS FUNICULUS Howard. 


Chiloneurus funiculus HowarD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XXVI, p. 148, 
female.—DaLLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 242. 


Type in British Museum. 
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada. 
7. CHEILONEURUS NIGRESCENS Howard. 


Chiloneurus nigrescens HOWARD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XXVI, p. 148, 
female.—DALLA TorRRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 242. 
Type in British Museum. 
Habitat.—West Indies: Grenada. 


73. ZAOMMA Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Encyrtus argentipes Howard.) 


This genus may be at once recognized by the very large rounded 
eyes, which converge above and leave a very narrow linear vertex; by 
the very short antennz which have the club enormously enlarged, longer 
-, than the funicle and many times thicker, the joints of the funicle being 
transverse; and by the clear hyaline wings. 


1. ZAOMMA ARGENTIPES Howard. 


Encyrtus argentipes Howard, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., XXV, 1894, p. 95, female.— 
Daa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 255. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2723, U.S.N.M.; British Museum. 
Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vincent. 


74. ADELENCYRTUS Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Encyrtus chionaspidis Howard.) 


Comes nearest to Zaomma Ashmead. Head in female viewed from 
in front wider than long with the scrobes deep, semicircular. Antenne 
short, the flagellum clavate, the club enlarged, but not enormously so, 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 26 


402 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXI. 


as in Zaomma, only about twice as broad as the funicle, but as long or 
nearly; funicle joints transverse, the first two or three smaller than 
the others, submoniliform; pedicel rather large; scape short, subclav- 
ate or slightly thickened toward apex. Wings hyaline, but with the 
venation quite different from that of Zaomma, the postmarginal and 
stigmal veins being much shorter than in that genus. 

The male, or what I take to be the male, has the flagellum filiform, 
tapering off at tip, with the joints a little longer than thick, and 
clothed with a very short, fine pubescence. 


1. ADELENCYRTUS CHIONASPIDIS Howard. 


Encyrtus chionaspidis HOoOwarp, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 637, 
female.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 256. 


Type.——Cat. No. 3253, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Ceylon. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Chionaspis graminis Green. 


2. ADELENCYRTUS PLANCHONIZ Howard. 
Encyrtus planchonie HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 637, female.-— 
Daua ToRRE, Cat. Hym.,V, 1898, p. 262. 


Type.—Cat. No. 3253, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Ceylon. 
Host.—Bhynch.: Planchonia delicata Green. 


3. ADELENCYRTUS SOLIDUS Howard. 


Encyrtus solidus HOWARD, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 638, male.— 
DaLua TorRE, Cat. Hym.,V, 1898, p. 263. 
Type.—Cat. No. 3256, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Ceylon. : 
Host.—Rhynch.: Eriococcus rhodomyrti Green. 


75. CALLIPTEROMA Motschulsky. 


1863. Callipteroma MOTSCHULSKY, Bull. Soc. Natur. Moscow, XXXVI (2), p. 35. 
1898. Calliopteroma DaLLa ToRRE, Cat. Hym., IV, p. 307. 


(Type, Callipteroma 5-guttata Motschulsky. ) 


1. CALLIPTEROMA QUINQUEGUTTATA Motschulsky. 


Callipteroma 5-guttata MOTSCHULSKY, Bull. Soc. Natur. Moscow, XXXVI, 1863, p. 
36, pl. 11, fig. 5. 
Calliopteroma 5-guttata, DALLA ToRRE, Cat. Hym., IV, p. 307. 


Habitat.—-Ceylon. 


a 


2. CALLIPTEROMA SEXGUTATA Motschulsky. 


Callipteroma sexguitata MOTSCHULSKY, Bull. Soc..Natur. Moscow, XXXVI, 1863, 
p. 37. 
Calliopteroma sexguttata DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., IV, p. 307. 


Habitat.—Ceylon. 


~ No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTIN—ASHMEAD. 403 


3. CALLIPTEROMA TESTACEA Motschulsky. 
Callipteroma testacea MOTSCHULSKY, Bull. Soc. Natur. Moscow, XXXVI, 1863, p. 37. 
Calliopteroma testacea DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., IV, p. 307. 
- Habitat.—Ceylon. 


76. CERAPTEROCERUS Westwood. 


1833. Cerapterocerus WESTWOOD, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 495. 
1848. Telegraphus RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., II, p. 153. 


(Type, Cerapterocerus mirabilis Westwood. ) 


1. CERAPTEROCERUS FLORIDANUS Ashmead. 
_ Cerapterocerus floridanus ASHMEAD, Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XIV, 1887, p.190.—DaLLa 
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 256. 
Type.—Cat. No. 1472, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collevtion.) 
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville. 


2. CERAPTROCERUS LATEVITTATUS Costa. 


Ceraptrocerus latevittatus Costa, Atti accad. sc. Napoli, IX, 1882, p. 38.—DALLA 
ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 236. 


Habitat.—Europe: Sardinia. 


3. CERAPTROCERUS MIRABILIS Westwood. 


Ceraptrocerus mirabilis WESTWOOD, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, 1833, p. 495 (part).— 
WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p. 114.—WeEstTwoop, Intro., II, 1840, Synop., 
p. 73. : 

Encyrtus mirabilicornis FORSTER, Beitr. Monogr. Pteromal., 1841, p. 45. 

Telegraphus mirabilicornis RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., II, 1848, pp. 152, 153; 
Borg, Stettin entom. Zeitg.; IT, 1857, p. 194. 

Ceraptrocerus mirabilis REINHARD, Berlin, entom. Zeitschr., II, 1858, p. 12.— 
WALKER, Notes on Chalcid., Pt. 7, 1872, p. 73; Entomologist, VI, 1872, p. 131, 
fig —THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 151.—Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. 
Ges. Wien, XXV, 1876, p. 748.—VOLLENHOVEN, Pinacogr., 1879, p. 55; pl. 
XXXV, figs. 4,5.—DaLLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 236. 


Habitat.—Kurope: England; Germany; Austria; Sweden. 


4. CERAPTROCERUS PILICORNIS Thomson. 


Ceraptrocerus mirabilis WESTWOOD, Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, 1833, p. 495 (part). 
Ceraptrocerus pilicornis THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 152, female. 


Habitat.—Europe: Sweden. 


1 BROW EP iS Horster: 


1856. Habrolepis FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, p. 34. 
(Type, Encyrtus dalmani Westwood. ) 


1. HABROLEPIS DALMANI Westwood. 


Encyrtus dalmani WESTWOOD, Phil. Mag. (3), X, 1837, p. 440. 

Encyrtus nubilipennis (CURTIS) WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p. 113, female. 
Habrolepis nubilipennis FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, 1856, p. 38. 

Encyrtus nubilipennis Six, Tjidschr. v. Ent., X, 1867, p. 221, pl. x, fig. h. 


404 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. t 


Habrolepis dalmani Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 751.— 
WaACHTL, Wien. Ent. Zeitg., I, 1882, p. 298.—DaLua ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, 
p. 232. 
Habitat.—Europe; North America; Asia. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Asterodiaspis quercicola Bouché. 


2. HABROLEPIS CYANEA Ashmead. 
Comys cyanea ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 17, female.—DaLua TORRE, Cat. 
Hym., V, 1898, p. 239. : 
Type.—Cat. No. 4763, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville. 


3. HABROLEPIS ZETTERSTEDII Westwood. 


Encyrtus zetterstediti WESTWOOD, Phil. Mag. (3), X, 1837, p. 440.—WaLkER, Ent. 
Mag., V, 1837, p. 113, female. 

Encyrtus dendripennis RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., III, 1852, p. 189, female. 

Encyrtus zetterstedii REINHARD, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., II, 1858, p. 19. 

Habrolepis zetterstediti Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Gesell. Wien, XX V, 1875, p. 752, 
female.—THOMSON, Hym. Scand., IV, 1875, p. 153, female and male. 


Habitat.—Europe; North America. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Aspidiotus tilie Signoret. 
78. HOMALOPODA Howard. 


1894. Homalopoda Howarp, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XXV, p. 90. 
(Type, Homalopoda cristata Howard.) 


1. HOMALOPODA CRISTATA Howard. 


Homalopoda cristata HowarpD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XX V, 1894, p. 91, 
female.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, p. 240. 


Type.—Cat. No. 2718, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vincent. 
Host.—trhynch.: Aspidiotus secretus Cockerell. 


79. EUSEMION Dahlbom. 
1857. Husemion DAHLBoM, Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Akad. Férh., XIV, p. 293. 
(Type, Encyrtus corniger Haliday.) 
1. EUSEMION LONGIPENNIS Ashmead. 


Mira longipennis ASHMEAD, Ent. Amer., IV, 1888, p. 17, female.—DALLA TORRE, 
Cat. Hym., V, p. 237. 


Type.—Cat: No. 4764, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.—Florida: Jacksonville. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Lecaniwm sp. on oak. 


80: ATROPATES Howard: 
1898. Airopates HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 236. 
(Type, Atropates collinsi Howard.) 


No. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENOCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. A405 


1. ATROPATES COLLINSI Howard. 


Atropates collinsi HowaRD, Proc. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 236, female and 
male. 


Type.—Cat. No. 5028, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—New York: Brooklyn, Roslyn. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Pulvinaria innumerabilis Rathvon. 


Si. CH RYSOPLATYCERUS Ashmead. 
1888. Rileya HOWARD, Can. Ent., XX, p. 148 (nec Ashmead). 
1889. Chrysoplatycerus ASHMEAD, Can. Ent., XXI, p. 38. 
(Type, Rileya splendens Howard.) 
1. CHRYSOPLATYCERUS.SPLENDENS Howard. 


Rileya splendens (HOWARD) SMITH, Ent. Amer., 1888, p. 80 [notice of species]. 

Rileya splendens Howarp, Can. Ent., XX, 1888, pp. 191-194, female, fig.—AsH- 
MEAD, Can. Ent., XX, 1888, p. 229; XXI, 1889, p. 13. 

Chrysoplatycerus splendens ASHMEAD, Can. Ent., X XI, 1889, p.38.—DALLA TORRE, 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 266. 


Type.—Cat. No. 1492, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—California. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius sp. 


2. CHRYSOPLATYCERUS HOWARDII Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 1-6 mm. Ferruginous; the broadly dilated scape 
above and the broad, compressed flagellum brown-black or dark fuscous; 
abdomen blue-black, with an aeneous tinge; hind legs brown, the tibiz 
fuscous, with the tarsi, except basal and last joints, white or whitish; 
wings with the apical three-fifths embrowned, the basal two-fifths clear 
hyaline; hair tuft on scutellum long, black. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4764, U.S.N.M.; also in collection of the American 
Entomological Society. 

Habitat.—Mexico. 

Described from two female specimens received from the American 
Entomological Society of Philadelphia, labeled 461 and 435, and sup- 
posed to have been received from Mexico. 


82. ASTEROPAUS Howard. 
1898. Asteropeus HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 232. 
(Type, Asteropeus primus Howard.) 
1. ASTEROPAZUS PRIMUS Howard. 


Asteropeus primus HOWARD, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 231, female. 


Type.—Cat. No. 5021, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Mexico: Guaymas. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Ceroplastes sp. 
83. ANICETUS Howard. 
1896. Anicetus Howard, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, p. 639. 


(Type, Anicetus ceylonensis Howard.) 


406 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


1. ANICETUS CEYLONENSIS Howard. 


Anicetus ceylonensis HOWARD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 639, female. 


Type.—Cat. No. 3258, U.S.N.M. 
_ Habitat.—Ceylon. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Vinsonia stellifera Westwood. 


84. ZARHOPALUS Ashmead, new genus. 
(Type, Zarhopalus sheldoni Ashmead. ) 


Head antero-posteriorly thick, with some sparse punctures above, 
the scrobes deep semicircular, but not bounded by a carina superiorly. 
Ocelli arranged in a triangle, the lateral ocelli touching the eye margin. 
Eyes large oval, sparsely hairy. Antenne short, stout, the scape dilated 
beneath toward apex, the flagelluin strongly incrassated, subcom- 
pressed, and hardly longer than the scape; the pedicel is long, longer: 
than the first 3 joints of funicle united, the latter being annular. Front 
wings fuliginous, the marginal vein punctiform, the stigmal and post- 
marginal veins very long, as in Hneyrtus (Comys). 


1. ZARHOPALUS SHELDONI Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 1.2 mm. Black, submetallic, and highly polished; 
tarsi, except last joint, white or pale yellowish white. 

The mesonotum is a little shorter than the scutellum, and with the 
latter highly polished and impunctate; the wings are fuliginous, but 
paler at basal third, the veins black; while the abdomen is oval, not 
longer than the thorax. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4766, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat.—Lake Placid, New York (Charles Sheldon); Bladensburg, 
Maryland (E. A. Schwarz). 


2. ZARHOPALUS INQUISITOR Howard. 
Encyrtus inquisitor HOWARD, Rep. U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 367, female.— 
Cresson, Syn. Hym. N. A., p. 239.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 260. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2616, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Florida. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius destructor Comstock. 


3. ZARHOPALUS CRASSUS Howard. 
Encyrtus crassus HowarD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XX VI, 1894, p. 93, 
female.—DALLa TorRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 257. 
Type in British Museum. 
Habitat.—W est Indies: St. Vincent. 


4. (?) ZARHOPALUS QUADRICOLOR Howard. 


Encyrtus quadricolor HowaRD, Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond., Zool., XXV, 1894, p. 93, 
male,—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 262. 


Habitat.—West Indies: St. Vincent. 


~ yo. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINE—ASHMEAD. Alia: 


85. METALLON Walker. 


1848. Metallon WALKER, List Chale. Brit. Mus., II, p. 219. 

1856. Rhopus FORSTER, Hym. Stud , II, p. 34. 

1875. Technites THOMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, p. 118. 

1880. Acerophagus SMITH (EMILY), N. Am. Entom., I, p. 83 (teste Howard). 


(Type, Metallon acacallis Walker. ) 
1. METALLON ACACALLIS Walker. 


Metallon acacallis WALKER, List Chale. Brit. Mus., II, 1848, p. 220, female.— 
DaLua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 236. 


Habitat.—England. 
2. METALLON ATRICEPS Walker. 


Metallon atriceps WALKER, Notes on Chale., Pt. 7) 1872, p. 115, male.—DaLia 
ToRRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 236. 
Habitat.—Africa: Madeira. 
3. METALLON COCCOIS Smith (Emily). 


Acerophagus coccois SMITH (EMILY), N. A. Entom., I, 1880, p. 83, pl. V1, figs. 20-23. 
Rhopus coccois HOWARD, Rep. U. 8. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 361, pl. xxrv, fig. 
2.—CRESSON, Syn. Hym. N. A., 1887, p. 238. —DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 
1898, p. 232. ; 
Cotype.—Cat. No. 1470, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—Illinois; Pennsylvania. 
Host.—Khyuch.: Pseudococcus aceris Signoret. 


4. METALLON DEBILIS Forster. 


Rhopus debilis FORSTER, Progr. Realsch. Aachen, 1861, p. xxxiii, male.— 
DALLA TorRRE, Jahresber. naturf. Ges. Graubunden, XXVIII, 1885, p. 61; 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 282. 


Habitat.—Europe: Switzerland. 


5. METALLON FUSCITARSIS Thomson. 
Metallon fuscitarsis THoMSON, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 169, female:-—DaLLa 
TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 236. 
Habitat.—Europe: Sweden. 


6. METALLON INFUSCATUS Forster. 


Rhopus infusvatus FORSTER, Progr. Realsch. Aachen, 1861, p. xxxiii, male.— 
Data ToRRE, Jabresber. naturf. Ges. Graubunden, XXVIII, 1885, p. 61; 
Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 232. 


Habitat.—Europe: Switzerland. 


7. METALLON TESTACEOUS Ratzeburg. 


?Encyrtus piso WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1838, p. 423, male. 

Eneyrtus testaceus RATZEBURG, Ichn. d. Forstins., IT, 1848, p. 146; IIT, 1852, p. 190. 

Rhopus piso FORSTER, Hym. Stud., I, 1856, p. 37. 

Rhopus testaceus Mayr, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXV, 1875, p. 691, female and 
male.—DaLuLa TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 232. 


Habitat.—Europe. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Physokermes abietis Modeer. 


408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXUL 


86. CERCOBELUS Walker. 
1837. Cercobelus WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, p. 48. 
(Type, Cercobelus jugeus Walker.) 
1. CERCOBELUS JUGAZUS Walker. 
Encyrtus (Cercobelus) jugeus WALKER, Ent. Mag., V, 1837, p.48, female; Ento- 
mologist, 1841, pl. N, fig. 1. 
Cercobelus jugeus FORSTER, Hym. Stud., II, 1856, p. 36.—Wa.LkeErR, Notes on 


Chalcid, Pt. 5, 1872, p. 73, fig —THomson, Hym. Skand., IV, 1875, p. 171, 
female.—DALLA TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 231. 


Habitat.—Kurope. 


87. COCCOBIUS Ratzeburg. 
1852. Coccobius RATZEBURG (part), Ichn. d. Forstins., III, p. 195. 
(Type?) 

Ratzeburg, in his original description of this genus, as has been 
shown by Dr. Howard, confused with it a number of species belonging 
to Aphelimus or allied genera; but, nevertheless, he must have had before 
him at least one genuine Encyrtine, as his figure, both of venation and 
antenna, clearly shows; and I here restore the name for a species 
agreeing in all particulars with his brief diagnosis and his figure. No 
Aphelinine has a wing-venation as figured by Ratzeburg. . 


1. COCCOBIUS DIASPIDIS Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 0.3mm. Polished black; scape and legs pale yel- 


low, the clavate 5-jointed flagellum, light brown; wings hyaline, the 
marginal vein punctiform, the post-marginal vein entirely wanting, the 
stigmal vein very minute, represented by a subpetiolated dot. 

Type.—Cat. No. 5084, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—W ashington. 

fost.—Rhynch.: Diaspis rose Bouché. 

Described from two specimens reared at the Department of Agricul- 
ture May 18, 1895, from Diaspis rose Bouché. 


Tribe IV. ARREVENOPHAGINE. 


8S. RH OPOIDEUS Hoyvjrard: 
1898. Rhopoideus HowarD, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXI, p. 235. 
(Type, Rhopoideus citrinus Howard.) 
1. RHOPOIDEUS CITRINUS Howard. : 
Rhopoideus citrinus Howarp, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXI, 1898, p. 235, female. 
Type.—Cat. No. 5027, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—California: Truckee. 


Host.—? Lepid.: Tortricid; Rhynch.: Aspidiotus perniciosus Com- 


stock. 
89. ARRHENOPHAGUS Aurivillius. 


1888. Arrhenophagus AURIVILLIUS, Ent. Tidskr., IX, p. 144. 
(Type, Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius. ) 


NO. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINA—ASHMEAD. 409 


1. ARRHENOPHAGUS CHIONASPIDIS Aurivillius. 


Arrhenophagus chionaspidis AURIVILLIUS, Ent. Tidskr., IX, 1888, p. 146, pl. 1, 
figs. 1-9.—DaALLA TorkzE, Cat. Hym.,V, 1898, p. 266.—Howarp, Proc. Ent. Soe. 
Wash., IV, 1898, p. 135, fig. 9, male and female antennez. 
Co-type.—Cat. No. 4854, U.S.N.M. (Chris. Aurivillius collection.) 
Habitat.—EKurope; North America; Asia; Ceylon; Australia. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Chionaspis salicis Signoret, C. eugenie Maskell, 
Diaspis rose Bouché, D. ostreeformis Signoret, Fiorinia saprosme Green, 
Aspidiotus nerti Bouché. 


Subfamily Ill. SIGNIPHORIN 2. 
90. SIGNIPHORA Ashmead. 


1880. Signiphora ASHMEAD, Orange Insects, 1880, p. 30. 
1894. Signiphora Howarp, Insect Life, VI, p. 233. 


(Type, Signiphora flavopalliata Ashmead.) 


TABLE OF SPECIES. 


Bothy Mo0 ANON by EVES 65634 See Boe eB SeGoe GABSoG COoD oh Ss eOS does Goan see se Hue eAnis be 2 
Body wholly black or blue-black. 
Wings fuliginous on basal half; all tarsi white, the middle and anterior tibiew 


brown, rest of lees blacks son s5—- ae o5 (1) S. nigra Ashmead, new species. 
Wings fuscous with a hyaline band across the middle; legs black, a dot on 
knees and the tarsi whitish..-_..- (2) S. australiensis Ashmead, new species. 


Wings hyaline, with a fuscous band across the middle; tarsi alone white. 
(3) S. dactylopit Ashmead, new species. 
Wings entirely hyaline; all tarsi white...(4) S. noacki Ashmead, new species. 
2. Head, thorax, and most of the abdomen yellow.-..---.-....----.2--+-----:-: 4 
Head anteriorly and a broad band between the wings ivory white........-.. 3 
Thorax black, with a single narrow yellowish-white band across the base of the 
scutellum and continued at sides along the posterior margin of the meso- 
pleura and the mesosternal suture; wings hyaline. 
(5) S. wnifasciata Ashmead, new species. 
Thorax black, with two transverse narrow bands between the tegule; wings 
hiypalliiim @yetiaess Sissies uence eee ts (6) S. bifasciata Ashmead, new species. 
Head and abdomen blue-black; thorax, except the pronotum, bright yellow; 
wings hyaline with a dusky band beneath the marginal vein. 
(7) S. flavopalliata Ashmead. 
Head and thorax mostly brown. 
Mesonotum lemon-yellow; abdomen brown-black; wings hyaline, with a broad 
fuscous band beneath the marginal vein....-....-(8) S. occidentalis Howard. 
Mesonotum brown, the lateral margins narrowly yellow; abdomen seneous 
black; wings clear hyaline..---.-.---- (9) S. mexicana Ashmead, new species. 
8. Head anteriorly, a broad band between wings including the metathorax, and 
sutures between abdominal segments, ivory white; wings hyaline with a 
discoidal cloud beneath the marginal vein. 
(10) S. rhizococcti Ashmead, new species. 
4. Body mostly yellow; thorax at anterior apex, band across base of abdomen, 
ovipositor, and band across middle of front wings dark brown. 
Band at base of abdomen narrower, including hardly one-third of its length; 
club of antennz entirely yellow.--...(11) S. aleyrodis Ashmead, new species. 
Band at base of abdomen including more than one-third of its length; club 
wholly yellow; no distinct band between the eyes. 
(12) S. coquilletti Ashmead, new species. 


410 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXU. 


Club of antennz with its apical half brown. 
(18) S. aspidioti Ashmead, new species. 
Band at base of abdomen including more than one-half of the abdomen, some- 
times with only the tip yellow; club of antennz shorter and wholly yellow. 
(14) S. townsendi Ashmead, new species. 


1. SIGNIPHORA NIGRA Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, about 0.55 mm. Polished black impunctate, but 
with a decided aeneous tinge in certain lights. Flagellum brown-black, 
Legs black, the anterior and middle tibiae brownish, their tips and all 
tarsi white. Wings with the basal half or more fuliginous, the apical 
half or less hyaline. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4767, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 

Habitat.—District of Columbia: Washington. 


2. SIGNIPHORA AUSTRALIENSIS Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 0.60 mm. <Aeneous black, the mesonotum with a 
bronzy tinge, the scutellum with a slight bluish tinge; legs black, a spot 
on knees and tarsi white or yellowish-white, the anterior tibiz yellow- 
ish beneath; wings fuscous with a hyaline band across the disk from 
apex of the marginal vein. 

Type._-Cat. No. 4771, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Australia. (Albert Koebele, collector.) 

Host.—Rhynch.: Sp. not identified. 


3. SIGNIPHORA DACTYLOPII Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 0.58 mm. Blue-black, the mesonotum with an aene- 
ous tinge anteriorly; legs concolorous with the body, except the tarsi, 
which are white; wings hyaline, with a fuscous band across the middle 
from beneath marginal vein to the hind margin. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4772, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—District of Columbia. 

Host.--Rhynch.: Dactylopius ephedre Coquillett. Bred at Depart- 
ment of Agriculture. 


4. SIGNIPHORA NOACKI Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, 0.50 mm. Coal-black, except a whitish line on the 
hind margin of the mesopleura, along the suture separating it from the 
metapleura and the tarsi, which are white; wings wholly hyaline. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4773, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Brazil: San Paulo. (F. Noack.) 

Host.—Rhyneh.: Psylla sp. on a wild shrub. Bred October, 1897, by 
F. Noack. 


5. SIGNIPHORA UNIFASCIATA Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, about 0.70 mm. Black, with a narrow yellowish- 
white band across base of scutellum and continued “below on the hind 
margin of the mesopleura and along the mesosternal suture; tarsi white; 
wings hyaline. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4774, U.S.N.M. 


ae nit 


no. 1202. GENERA OF THE ENCYRTINZ—ASHMEAD. All 


Habitat.—Florida: Georgiana. (Dr. Wittfield.) 
Host.—Rhynch.: Ceropsylla sideroxyli Riley. 


6. SIGNIPHORA BIFASCIATA Ashmead, new species. 


_ Female.—Length, about 0.60 mm. Black, with two transverse yellow 
bands on thorax above between the tegulie, or on the hind border of the 
mesonotum, the other at the base of the scutellum, the latter also con- 
tinued along the mesopleural suture; legs black or blackish, the knees 
yellowish, the tarsi whitish; wings hyaline. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4775, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.— West Indies: St. Vincent. (H.H. Smith.) 


7. SIGNIPHORA FLAVOPALLIATA Ashmead. 


Signiphora flavopalliata ASHMEAD, Orange Insects, 1880, p. 30.—HowarpD, Rep. 
U.S. Dept. Agric., 1880-81, p. 371; Ins. Life, VI, 1894, p.235.—DaLLa ToRRE, 
Cat. Hym.. V, 1898, p. 217. 
Type.—Cat. No. 2801, U.S.N.M. (Ashmead collection.) 
Habitat.— Florida. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Aspidiotus citricola Packard, A. cydonic: Comstock, 
Mytilaspis glovertti Packard, Aleyrodes sp. 


8. SIGNIPHORA OCCIDENTALIS Howard. 


Signiphora occidentalis HOWARD, Ins. Life, VI, 1894, p. 233, fig. 12, female and 
male.—DaLua TORRE, Cat. Hym., V, 1898, p. 217. 


Type.—Cat. No. 1473, U.S.N.M. 
Habitat.—California: San Gabriel. 
Host.—Rhynch.: Aspidiotus aurantii var. citrinus Coquillett. 


9. SIGNIPHORA MEXICANA Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, about 0.45 mm. Head, thorax, antenne, and legs, 
except tarsi, brownish-yellow; abdomen neous black; tarsi white; 
mesonotum margined with yellow at sides; wings hyaline. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4776, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Mexico: San Luis. 

Host.—Rhynch.: Aspidiotus nertt Bouché. (Tyler Townsend.) 


10. SIGNIPHORA RHIZOCOCCI Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, about 0.50 mm. Head anteriorly, a broad band on 
thorax between the wings and the sutures between abdominal segments, 
more or less, ivory white; club of antenne and vertex faintly dusky; 
anterior orbits narrowly, rest of body and a broad band on middle of 
front wings, dark brown. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4858, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Brazil: Minas Geras. 

Host.—Rhynch.: Rhizococcus sp. on a composite plant. Bred by F. 
Noack, July, 1897. One specimen. 


412 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL 


11. SIGNIPHORA ALEYRODIS Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, about 0.50 mm. Body mostly golden-yellow; ver- 
tex of head faintly dusky; thorax anteriorly and very narrowly, and a 
band across base of abdomen including hardly one-third its length, 
dark brown; wings hyaline, with a dusky band across the middle just 
beneath the marginal vein, which is a little narrower at the hind mar- 
gin than at its origin; antenne and legs entirely pale yellowish white. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4855, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—West Indies: Trinidad. 

Host.—Rhynch.: Aleyrodes sp.on orange. Two specimens, Acc. No. 
6162, Department of Agriculture. 


12, SIGNIPHORA COQUILLETTI Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, hardly 0.50 mm. Bright golden-yellow; vertex of 
head fuscous; thorax entirely, and abdomen, except a dark brown 
band at base which occupies fully one-third or more of its length, 
yellow; otherwise as in Aleyrodis. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4857, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Rhynch.: Aleyrodes sp. on Quercus agrifolia. 

Easily distinguished from S. aleyrodis by the fuscous vertex and the 
absence of the brown blotch on the anterior part of the thorax. 


13. SIGNIPHORA ASPIDIOTI Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, about 0.50 mm. Lemon or golden-yellow; head 
faintly dusky above; apical half of antennal club, anterior half of the 
mesonotum, and a broad transverse band at base of abdomen, includ- 
ing nearly half its length, dark brown; wings with a broad fuscous 
band, as in previous species. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4859, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.——Mexico: San Louis. 

Host.—Rhynch.: Aspidiotus nerti Bouché. Bred November, 1894, by 
Tyler Townsend. 


14.4 SIGNIPHORA TOWNSENDI Ashmead, new species. 


Female.—Length, about 0.45 mm. Mostly dark-brown; a broad 
band between the wings including the hind margin of the mesonotum, 
scutellums, and metathorax, and the apical third of abdomen, or less, 
lemon-yellow. Wings hyaline, as in previous species, but the fuscous 
band has a deep median hyaline emargination on its basal margin. 
Antenne and legs pale yellowish, the club rather short, about one-third 
shorter than in the other species. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4856, U.S.N.M. 

Habitat.—Mexico: Tabasco. 

Host.—Rhynch.: Aleyrodes sp.onacoarse grass. Bred by Tyler Town- 
send, June 19, 1897. Four specimens. 


A HUNDRED NEW MOTHS OF FHE FAMILY NOCTUIDA. 


By Joun B. SMITH, Se. D., 


Rutgers College, New Brunswick, New Jersey. 


Among the specimens sent me by correspondents for determination 
from time to time there is always a little residue that can not be cer- 
tainly named. The material is for some reason or other not sufficient, 
or not satisfactory enough to make it safe to say that a new species is 
at hand, and the specimens are placed with their nearest allies, 
awaiting mates. The mere description of species is not to me an 
agreeable task, and so, gradually, specimens have accumulated until 
it seems necessary to put them into their proper places to facilitate 
future recognition. In the descriptions presented herewith the source 
of the specimens is acknowledged in almost every instance. Where 
it is not done, it is because accurate data no longer exist. With few 
exceptions, the types of the species are now or will be deposited in the 
U.S. National Museum. The exceptions are principally of specimens 
belonging to other institutions, or where I could not dispose of the 
specimens according to my own inclinations. ‘There are a few notes on 
other species; but the paper, as a whole, is intended to be descriptive. 


LIST OF SPECIES DESCRIBED. 


1. Arsilonche colorada. 19. Carneades compressipennis. 
2. Chytonix semifascia. 20. Carneades falerina. 

3. Copibryophila angelica. 21. Carneades vallus. 

4. Setagrotis quebecensis. 22. Carneades sessile. 

5. Setagrotis radiatus. 23. Carneades relaxus. 

6. Carneades pugionis. 24. Carneades luteositus. 
7. Carneades nevada. 25. Carneades tocoye. 

8. Carneades contagionis. 26. Carneades incubita. 

9. Carneades loya. 27. Carneades terrenus. 

10. Carneades flaviscapula. 28. Carneades territorialis. 
11. Carneades excogita. 29. Carneades fulda. 

12. Carneades exculta. 30. Carneades itodes. 

13. Carneades nevulus. 31. Carneades laggane. 
14. Carneades megastigma. 32. Carneades ontario. 

15. Carneades stigmatalis. 33. Carneades testula. 

16. Carneades termessus. 34. Carneades difformis. 
17. Carneades enteridis. 35. Carneades dakota. 

18. Carneades atropulverea. 36. Carneades holoberba. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL. XXII—No. 1208. 
413 


414 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


37. Carneades kerrvillei. 69. Hadena tela. 

38. Carneades ternarius. 70. Polia extincta. 

39. Carneades noctuiformis. 71. Polia acera. 

40. Carneades intrusa. 72. Polia dispar. 

41. Carneades neotelis. 73. Polia ochracea. 

42. Carneades atrofusca. 74. Perigea lucetta. 

43. Carneades objurgata. 75. Perigea cervina. 

44. Carneades cariosus. 76. Perigea texana. 

45. Carneades malis. 77. Perigea consors. 

46. Carneades pindar. 78. Caradrina leucorena. 
47. Carneades henrietta. 79. Homohadena candid. 
48. Carneades vanidicus. 80. Oncocnemis ciliata. 
49. Carneades faminalis. 81. Trichopolia serrata. . 
50. Carneades nordica. 82. Leucania velutina. - 
51. Carneades factoris. 83. Himella quadristigma. 
52. Carneades cesius. 84. Selicanis cinereola. 
53. Carneades acutifrons. 85. Anepischetos bipartita. 
54. Carneades selenis. 86. Diallagma lutea. 

55. Carneades laminis. 87. Heliodes angelica. 

56. Anytus atristrigatus. 88. Heliodes restrictalis. 
57. Mamestra senatoria. 89. Narthecophora pulverea. 
58. Mamestra rainierii. 90. Palada scarletina. 

59. Mamestra bolteri. 91. Schinia reniformis. 
60. Mamestra yakima. 92. Schinia oculata. 

61. Mamestra dilatata. 93. Schinia ciliata. 

62. Mamestra florida. 94. Tripudia balteata. 

63. Mamestra roseosuffusa. 95. Tripudia luxuriosa. 
64. Mamestra griseata. 96. Parora texana. 

65. Hadena tapeta. 97. Synedoida subtermina. 
66. Hadena luteocinerea. 98. Antiblemma minorata. 
67. Hadena mustelina. 99. Antiblemma fasciata. 
68. Hadena jocasta. 100. Bomolocha vega. 


1. ARSILONCHE COLORADA, new species. 


Ground color a rather pale reddish luteous, somewhat sparsely pow- 
dered with black scales. On the thorax these scales tend to form.a 
submarginal line. On the primaries they form a very obscure little dot 
at the lower angle of the cell and vague streaks in the interspaces, the 
veins being narrowly white marked. The indication is that the streaks 
in the interspaces of the median and submedian series may become 
well marked, but in the two examples before me there are no contrasts. 
Secondaries more whitish, a vague marginal shading, else immaculate. 
Beneath somewhat paler, disk of primaries somewhat smoky, else 
immaculate. 

Expanse, 31 to 33 mm. = 1.24 to 1.32 inches. 

Habitat.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado; September, Dr. Barnes. 

Two females, who have for some years been awaiting a mate. The 
Species is now described because it is not easy to mistake it, and it 
differs obviously from our eastern form in the smaller size and more 
dull, reddish luteous coloring. 

Incidentally, it may be said that it is probable that Mr. Grote’s name 


/ NO.1208. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 415 


_ henrict may have to be reinstated for the eastern form usually named 
 albovenosa. It seems that there is a small, though constant, difference 
in the male sexual parts, which is not accompanied by any noticeable 
superficial differences and seems not to be accompanied by any larval 
differences obvious to Dr. Dyar. 


2. CHYTONIX SEMIFASCIA, new species. 


Ground color a somewhat smoky brown, variously powdered. Head 
without obvious markings, collar with a black tip, disk of the thorax 
pure white, in strong contrast with the rest of the markings. Edge of 
the patagia blackish; the scales of the posterior tuft brown tipped. 
Primaries with the upper half of the wings smoky brown, the lower 
half blackish brown, the shades merging gradually. The markings are 
all obscure and are traceable with difficulty. The basal line is marked 
on the costa only and never distinctly. The transverse anterior line is 
geminate, but the outer line only is obvious. In course it is usually 
oblique, with the usual outcurve below the median vein. Transverse 
posterior line geminate, both parts of it almost equally indistinct, the 
inner perhaps a little the better marked. The defining lines are very 
even, but the line as a whole is almost rectangularly bent over the cell 
and then incurved below. The subterminal line is scarcely marked 
above the middle except by a blackish dash near the apex. Below the 
middle it is traceable as a gray or whitish shading through the dusky 
part of the wing. There is a smoky terminal line, beyond which there 
is a pale line at the base of the fringes, which are interlined with black- 
ish and cut with brown on the veins. The ordinary spots are vaguely 
indicated, outlined by very slightly darker brown shadings. There is 
a distinct black basal dash, which reaches the transverse anterior line, 
and beyond it is the small, loop-like claviform, which is defined in a 
pure white patch which fills the median space between the median 
lines and extends upward to the median vein. Through this white 
patch some specimens show the remnant of a median shade. Beyond 
the transverse posterior line a blackish shade forms the continuation 
of the basal line and reaches the subterminal line. Above this there 
is a little black sagittate mark. Toward the apex there is a brown 

shading which is broad on the margin and narrows toward the subter- ~ 
minal line. Secondaries yellowish white, a little silky in appearance, 
with a blackish line at the base of the fringes as well as a vague small 
discal lunule. Beneath powdery, yellowish white, both wings with a 
discal lunule. 

Expanse, 25 to 29 mm. = 1 to 1.15 inches. 

Habitat.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, in July; Garfield County, 
Colorado, 6,000 feet. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4147, U.S.N.M. 

This pretty little species has been taken by Mr. Bruce and also by 
Dr. Barnes; both sexes being before me. It is a sharply marked form, 


416 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


easily distinguished by the white thoracic disk and the prominent 
white spots on the inner margin, filling the median space at that point. 
It forms almost a half band of white, but does not quite reach the 
middle of the wing. When the specimen is spread the three white 
spots centering in the thorax give the creature a very characteristic 
appearance. Perhaps the insect would be a little better referred to 
Bryophila; but it is nearer in general appearance to the species of Chy- 
tonix, while not so broad winged. 


COPIBRYOPHILA, new genus. 


Hyes naked, large, hemispherical. Head moderate in size, distinct, 
not at all retracted, front conical and produced into a flat, wedge- 
shaped process which terminates in a broad, chisel-like tip. Vestiture 
sealy, forming no obvious tuftings. Palpi slender, cylindrical, reach- 
ing to or projecting a little beyond the frontal process. Antenne sim- 
ple in both sexes. Thorax rather short, subglobular, vestiture scaly, 
forming no obvious tufts, though there is a posterior bunching; pata- 
gia evident, though not uplifted. Abdomen reaching to or a little 
exceeding the anal angle of secondaries; slender, smoothly scaled. 
Legs well developed, tibiz: not spinose, the anterior not armed at tip, 
spurs of the middle and posterior tibiz long and prominent. Vestiture 
of under side scaly. Wings large; primaries long and proportionately 
somewhat narrow, the venation apparently normal; secondaries large 
and broad, veins 3 and 4, separating unusually close to the tip, vein 5 
scarcely even traceable. 

This is a curious genus for the Bryophilid series to which I feel com- 
pelled to refer it. Its narrow primaries and ample secondaries remind 
one of Hadenella, while the conic, armed front suggests the Acontiid 
series. The smooth scaly vestiture and the almost complete loss of 
vein 5 of the secondaries are considered Bryophilid, and as determining 
the location of the genus. 


3. COPIBRYOPHILA ANGELICA, new species. 


Ground color a smooth glistening gray brown, more or less mingled 
with whitish scales. Head and thorax without obvious markings. 
Primaries with all the markings fairly well defined. The median space 
darker than the rest of the wing, so that it seems a little contrasting. 
Basal line geminate, black marked on the costa only, within it the 
base brown. From that point to the transverse anterior line the basal 
space becomes paler and whitish at the transverse anterior line. This 
latter line is geminate, the outer portion blackish, oblique, rather feebly 
sinuate, the inner line indicated by a few brown scales. ‘Transverse 
posterior line geminate, not very well defined, irregular over the cell, 
where it is well curved outwardly, incurved beneath that point and a 
little better marked by the greater contrast between the median and 
subterminal spaces. Subterminal line irregular, whitish, without defi- 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 417 


nite margins, variably emphasized by preceding and following dusky 
shades. The terminal space is almost all dusky. The smoky shades 
in the subterminal spaces are broken and become lost toward the base 
of the wing. There is a Series of blackish terminal dots in the inter- 
spaces. The fringes are a little mottled with gray. The median shade 
line is distinct on the costa, darkens the space between the ordinary 
spots to almost blackish and becomes lost below that point. The clavi- 
form is of moderate size, outlined by black scales and filled with black- 
ish. Orbicular round, rather small, not very well defined; its outline 
formed by white scales. Ieniform kidney-shaped, of moderate size, 
outlined and partly followed by white scales, center with a dusky 
lunule which varies in size. Beyond the reniform the median space is 
paler and of the same shade as most of the subterminal space. Sec- 
ondaries even, smoky, fuscous a little glistening. Beneath smoky, 
more or less powdery, particularly on the secondaries on which there 
is a more or less distinct extra median line and a discal spot. In some 
cases similar spots are found on the primaries as well. 

Expanse, 20 to 23 mm. = 0.80 to 0.90 inches. 

Habitat.—Los Angeles, California, in October. 

Seven examples collected by Mr. Coquillett are under examination. 
There is not much difference in the specimens, except that some may 
be a little more contrasting than others. In some cases the median 
space is quite sharply defined and evenly brown, while in other cases 
the smoky powdering extends into the paler parts of the wing and 
lessens the contrast perceptibly. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4813, U.S.N.M. 


4. SETAGROTIS QUEBECENSIS, new species. 


Ground color pale, dirty, fuscous gray, powdery. Head and thorax 
concolorous, vestiture mixed scales and hair, tuftings not evident, 
patagia not marked. Primaries with the markings so obscure as to be 
traceable only with some difficulty, the lines only a little darker than 
ground. Basal line marked only on costa and below median vein. 
Transverse anterior line almost upright, single, a little outcurved in 
the interspaces. Transverse posterior line single, crenulate, the venu- 
lar points long; moderately curved over the cell, distinctly drawn in 
below. Subterminal line marked by a white powdering which is fairly 
well limited inwardly but extends irregularly into the terminal space. 
A very faint trace of a median shade which darkens the outer portion 
of the median space a mere trifle. Orbicular moderate, oval, decum- 
bent, a trifle paler than the ground and not otherwise defined. eni- 
form large, kidney-shaped, a trifle darker in shade, edged with a few 
gray scales. Secondaries smoky, paler, with a faint yellowish tint at 
base, fringes white. Beneath gray, powdery, primaries darker with a 
somewhat obscure discal spot and outer line; secondaries paler, with 
line and spot both prominent. 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 


27 


al 


418 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII, 


Expanse, 33 mm. = 1.32 inches. 
 Habitat.—Quebec, Canada. 

A single female, very like Carneades dissona in uneasicl appearance, 
and mistaken for it when first received. The generic reference in the 
absence of a male is not certain; but it is not likely that the discovery 
of that sex will necessitate a change. 


5. SETAGROTIS RADIATUS, new species. 


Ground color smoky gray, marked and irrorate with white, smoky 
brown and black. Head inferiorly yellowish, interantennal tuft also 
pale inferiorly. Palpi dusky at the sides. Collar inferiorly luteous, 
tipped with white and black scales. Thoracic tuftings well marked, 
tipped with white. Patagia white edged and with a black submar- 
ginal line. Primaries with the median lines obsolete, the subterminal 
line indicated by the darker terminal space and by a series of inter- 
spaceal black spots which show it to be very irregular. The veins are 
dusky, margined on each side by white scales, and the interspaces are 
dusky, the cell being darkest. There is a slender black basal streak 
which reaches nearly to the middle of the wing. The median vein is 
most prominently white marked and after this 3, 4, 6 and 7, which 
strongly indent the terminal space. The orbicular is obsolete. The 
reniform is a small, white lunule at the end of the cell. Secondaries 
white, with a smoky terminal line. Beneath white, powdery, else 
immaculate, the secondaries a little darker. 

Expanse, 35 to 36 mm, = 1.40 to 1.44 inches. 

Habitat._Nevada. 

Two males, very much alike, from Mrs. F. O. Herring, in only fair 
condition. The species is allied to vernilis and infimatis in type of 
maculation, but is not in the least like them in detail. It has so close 
a habital resemblance to Carneades nevada, however, that I had asso- 
ciated the two until a critical examination was made preparatory to 
description. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4787, U.S.N.M. 


CARNEADES Grote. 


In my Revision of the Agrotids! I recognized 108 species as referable 
to Carneades. Three years later, after having compared the British 
Museum collections, I catalogued? 109 names under that heading. - Since 
that time between fifteen and twenty new forms have been described, 
chiefly by myself, making about 125 nominal species of Carneades. The 
genus is one of the most difficult and unsatisfactory in the Noctuide 
because of the extent of the variation in certain species, and of the 
tendency to develop local types. In other words, species are forming 


1 Bulletin No. 38, U.S. Nat. Mus., 1890. 
2 Bulletin No. 44, U.S. Nat. Mus., 1893. 


NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 419 


in a genus which seems peculiarly well adapted to the present con- 
ditions, and therefore dominant. Superficial differences are small at 
best, and, with only a small number of examples at hand, it is often 
simply impossible to say whether we have a mere variation or a distinct 
type. 

Gradually my collection has become filled with doubtful forms, each 
lot received yielding some specimen a little unlike any other in my 
possession. Of recent years Prof. C. V. Piper, of Pullman, Washington, 
has sent me long series of the common types in his region; Dr. William 
Barnes, of Decatur, Illinois, has sent me series taken at Glenwood 
Springs, Colorado; Mr. A. W. Hanham, of Winnipeg, Manitoba, has 
sent me material from that section, and Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod has sent 
me many examples from Calgary. Other collectors have contributed 
to a less extent, and I have rearranged the species, recognizing no less 
than 50 as worthy of new names. This brings the number of known 
forms to 175, and the end is not yet. I have yet more than a dozen 
uniques, different from each other and apparently from any of the old 
or newly described species; but because they are defective or are 
females, I have not felt justified in giving them names at present. 


6. CARNEADES PUGIONIS, new species. 


Ground color luteous, shaded with yellow and smoky fuscous. Head 
smoky, palpi yellow in front, and sometimes the head immediately 
behind them is of the same tint. Collar bright yellow at base, smoky 
fuscous above, the two shades divided by a narrow black line. Thorax 
squared, patagia relieved, margined with gray or yellowish, submargin 
blackish, disc gray, tuftings evident and gray or yellow tipped. Pri- 
maries contrastingly marked with yellow, gray, and smoky brown or 
blackish. Costal region bright yellow at base, gradually becoming 
more whitish toward the transverse posterior line. Inner margin below 
vein 1 yellow, shading to gray. A yellow shade begins above the clav- 
iform in the submedian interspace, and extends through it into the 
subterminal space. The subterminal space is gray or yellow beyond 
the transverse posterior line, sending rays or daggers through the 
terminal space to the outer margin on veins 3 and 4, and almost to the 
margin on veins 6 and 7. The terminal space, except as interrupted, 
is evenly dark or smoky, as is the cell, except the ordinary spots and 
such portions of the median and basal space as are not contrastingly 
yellow. Basal line wanting. Transverse anterior line evident as a 
black oblique mark in the median cell, as an outwardly curved line in 
the submedian interspace, and occasionally marked by a few scales 
below vein 1. Transverse posterior line broken, a little lunulate, chiefly 
marked by the difference in shade between median and subterminal 
Spaces, interrupted on the costa and in the submedian interspace. 
Subterminal line pale, preceded by a series of interspaceal black, sagit- 
tate spots and forming strong dents, cutting the terminal space on 


4?() PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


=) 


veins 3, 4,6, and 7. The median vein is white, and below it, in the 
basal space, is a black shading which becomes diffuse inferiorly. Clav- 
iform black ringed, of good size, concolorous. Orbicular oblique, oval, 
often irregular, varying in size, complete if small, open to the costa if 
larger, outlined in black, narrowly annulate with white, center yellow- 
ish or gray. Reniform upright, rather narrow, filling the end of the 
cell completely, incomplete above and below, narrow kidney-shaped, 
defined by black scales and a narrow white annulus, centered with yel- 
low. Secondaries white, with a smoky terminal line from which a faint 
dusky shade may extend a short distance inward. Beneath, primaries 
smoky with a dark discal spot and white veins; secondaries white, only 
a little powdery, with a smoky outer line and a small discal spot. 

Expanse, 27 to 33 mm.=1.08 to 1.32 inches. , 

Habitat.—Denver, Colorado; Foothills (Bruce); Calgary, Canada, 
July 23, August 29 (Dod). 

Seven specimens, all males. The three Denver specimens are from as 
many different collectors, and Mr. Bruce probably collected his example 
near Golden. 

The species resembles my flavidens, and I had associated the two, 
until the occurrence of females of the older species caused a reexamina- 
tion of the series. In the new form the general color is lighter, the 
contrasts are much greater, and the secondaries are pure white. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4791, U.S.N.M. 


7, CARNEADES NEVADA, new species. 


Ground color ashen gray over fuscous. Head with an indefinite 
dusky frontal line, palpi brown at the sides. Collar gray tipped, with 
a black transverse line above the middle and below which there is a 
paler fuscous shading. Thorax squared, large, vestiture dense, mostly 
flattened hair, tuftings not well marked, partagia defined. The pri- 
maries appear somewhat strigate, owing to the absence of distinct 
transverse maculation, the paler median vein, and the tendency to 
define the other veins. Basal line marked only by a pale interruption 
of a black basal shade, which is not prominent and does not cross the 
basal space. Median lines marked on the costa only, though the loca- 
tion of the transverse anterior line is marked by the inception of the 
claviform, and the transverse posterior line may be found by careful 
search; but practically both are obsolete. Subterminal line obsolete. 
There is a series of black terminal spots from which blackish rays 
extend into the interspaces. A pale line at the base of the fringes. 
Claviform moderate in size, concolorous, outlined in black, pointed at 
the tip. Orbicular oval, elongate, decumbent, narrowly white-ringed, 
tending to an outward extension toward the reniform. Reniform small, 
broadly lunate, outlined by black scales, annulate with whitish. A 
somewhat paler shading extends obliquely from beyond the reniform to 
the apex, and a more indefinite lighter shade extends through the sub- 


NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 421 


median interspace. Secondaries white, with a distinct, somewhat lunate 
blackish terminal line, and a dusky interline in the unusually long white 
fringes. Beneath white, gray powdered, both wings with small discal 
spots, and a series of distinct terminal lunules; primaries also with a 
partial exterior line. 

Expanse, 35 to 37 mm.=1.40 to 1.48 inches. 

Habitat.—Nevada. 

Three male specimens from Mrs. F. O. Herring, all of them a little 
rubbed, but very much alike so that all the details could be easily 
determined. The species belongs with hollemani in the pitychrous 
series, but differs obviously in the heavy quadrate thorax, the separate 
ordinary spots, and the pure-white secondaries. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4788, U.S.N.M. 


8. CARNEADES CONTAGIONIS, new species. 


Ground color a very pale yellowish or creamy gray, powdered with 
black scales. Head and thorax without ornamentation. Primaries 
with the median lines marked by black spots on the costa, and beyond 
that vaguely indicated. In the best-marked examples the basal line is 
black on the costa and has a short mark below the median vein. The 
transverse anterior line has a black costal dot and below the median 
vein there is a powdered single line, outwardly oblique and reaching the 
inner margin at nearly the middle of the wing. The transverse posterior 
line is marked by a black spot above the reniform on the costa, and then 
by short black marks on the veins, which give a course outwardly bent 
over the cell and then almost evenly oblique below. The terminal space 
is a little black powdered and in a vague way defines an irregular sub- 
terminal line. Where the powdering is slight there is no trace of the 
line apparent. Where the powdering is well marked the course of the 
imaginary line can be made out. There is a series of black terminal 
Junules. The fringes are concolorous with the rest of the wing. Orbic- 
ular an irregular black spot without defined margins, which is some- 
times covered by scales of the ground color. Reniform an indefined 
lunule, also without distinct margin, and occasionally more or less obso- 
lete. Secondaries in the males pure silky white, the veins a little darker 
marked in some specimens and with a distinct trace of a smoky shade 
at the base of the fringes. In the female they are somewhat smoky. 
Beneath white, a little black powdered with a more or less obvious discal 
spot on both wings—most obvious on the primaries—and sometimes 
with a broken exterior line. 

Expanse, 32 to 35 mm.= 1.28 to 1.40 inches. 

Habitat.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, August 7, September 10, 
October 21 (Dr. Barnes); Garfield County, Colorado, 6,000 feet (Mr. 
Bruce); Verdi, Nevada. 

Twelve specimens are under examination and they resemble each 
other strongly. The ground color varies a little in shading, depending 


422, _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


upon the amount of yellow mixed with the gray. The amount of pow- 
dering on the surface is also a variable quantity, and sometimes it may 
be fairly weil covered with black atoms. Of the maculation, the costal 
dots, representing the beginning of the ordinary lines, are the most con- 
stant, and the dusky reniform comes next. The blackish orbicular may 
be added in better-marked specimens, and finally the lines may become 
fairly well indicated in the manner already described. The species 
belongs to the pitychrous section of the genus and is somewhat related 
to citricolor. The vestiture does not form evident tufts in any of the 
specimens before me, and in that particular there is a resemblance to 
some of the species allied to bostoniensis. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4146, U.S.N.M. 


9. CARNEADES LOYA, new species. 


Ground color an even dark mouse gray. Collar with a broad, con- 
trasting, transverse band. Thoracic vestiture mixed scales and hair, 
patagia marked, tuftings evident. Primaries with the ordinary lines 
traceable only by black scales after close search, and they offer nothing 
distinctive as far as can be seen. Subterminal line marked by yellow 
scales forming irregular dots; preceded and followed by an irregular 
dusky shading. Orbicular moderate in size, ringed with yellowish, 
concolorous. Reniform elongate kidney shaped, narrow, ringed with 
pale yellow, centered with blackish. Claviform wanting. Secondaries 
yellowish smoky at base, smoky blackish at margins; veins and adiscal 
lunule blackish, fringes yellow at base, smoky centrally and whitish at 
tip. Beneath, sng? fuscous, powdery, both wings with a discal spot 
and a partly complete outer line. . 

Expanse, 36 mm. = 1.44 inches. 

Habitat.—High Sierras, California (Dr. Dyar). 

One female, a little crippled, but so obviously unlike all the known 
forms that I do not hesitate to describe it. It may be associated with 
bicollaris, from which, however, it differs obviously. There is a possi- 
bility that this may be the female of tocoyw (No. 25), but that would 
indicate a range of variation that I am not ready to admit without fur- 
ther evidence. Joya is the Indian name for the Sentinel, Dr. Dyar says, 
and the specimen bears his No. 11278. 


10. CARNEADES FLAVISCAPULA, new species. 


Ground color dull fuscous brown, with small gray powderings. Collar 
with a black line surmounted by gray scales, inferiorly with a reddish 
shade which, at the base of the wings, forms a rusty red tuft. Prima- 
ries very evenly dusty, the maculation not relieved, and traceable only 
by careful observation; yet it is all present. The course of the median 
lines is as usual, and too faintly marked to show characteristic features. 
Claviform indicated by dusky scales. Orbicular subquadrate, concol-. 
orous, defined by a few black scales and a narrow gray ring. Reniform 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 423 


moderate in size, kidney-shaped, traceable by black and gray scales, 
its outer middle invaded by a yellowish shading, which is the only 
obvious bit of color in the wing. Subterminal line fairly indicated by 
yellowish scales. Thoracic vestiture mixed flattened hair and scales, 
patagie and tuftings very fairly marked. 

Expanse, 32 to 33 mm. = 1.28 to 1.32 inches. 

Habitat.—New Mexico. 

Two males from the Hulst collection, in fair condition. This is an 
obscure form which from its lack of maculation should be referred to 
the pitychrous series, where it has no close allies. It is probably really 
nearer to the tessellata type, but with all the contrasts faded out. Per- 
haps its best place for ready recognition is with atomaris. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4810, U.S.N.M. 


11. CARNEADES EXCOGITA, new species. 


Ground color varying from mouse gray to fawn; that is, a soft, red- 
dish gray, in which the gray scales vary the tint. Head and thorax 
concolorous. Palpi black at sides. Collar with a distinct, black, 
median transverse line, narrowly edged above with paler. Vestiture 
consists of flattened hair, patagia evident, the divided crest and 
posterior tufts well marked in good examples. Primaries with all the 
markings obscure; the lines barely traceable and the ordinary spots 
hardly defined. Basal line indicated by geminate, dusky spots on the 
costa. Transverse anterior line geminate, in the best marked exam- 
ples the included space a little paler, outer defining line oblique, out- 
curved or angulated in the interspaces. Transverse posterior line 
barely traceable; apparently of the usual type. Subterminal line yel- 
lowish, irregular, more or less broken; sometimes marked by a slightly 
darker preceding shade; sometimes relieved by a dusky tint on both 
sides of it. Claviform indicated by scattered black scales in some 
specimens. Orbicular round or nearly so, moderate in size, incom- 
pletely outlined by black scales. Reniform concolorous or a trifle 
dusky, large, kidney-shaped, extending well below the cell, outlined 
by scattered dark scales and sometimes relieved by a few yellow 
scales. Secondaries smoky, paler in the male, a little lighter basally, 
fringes whitish, with dusky interline. Beneath whitish, powdery, disc 
of primaries smoky, a mére or less obvious common line and discal spot. 

Expanse, 32 to 37 mm. = 1.28 to 1.50 inches. 

Habitat.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, July 3-29 (Dr. Barnes). 

Ten examples, evenly divided as to sex, varying only in tint and in 
the relative distinctness of the markings. In no case is it more than 
easily traceable, and sometimes the wings are practically immaculate. 

The species belongs to the velleripennis series and should be readily 
placed there. It has a vague superficial resemblance to Noctua pisci- 
_ pellis without the longitudinal markings. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4799, U.S.N.M. 


AQ4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXII. 


12, CARNEADES EXCULTA, new species. 


Ground color a soft, dark, red-brown, overlaid by gray. Head and 
thorax immaculate; collar without a transverse line. Vestiture, 
slightly flattened hair, the tuftings indistinct. Primaries, at first 
sight immacnlate. The median lines indicated on costa by dusky 
spots and, under a lens, the transverse anterior line can be traced 
across the wing by a series of golden brown scales. Terminal space 
slightly darker, thus feebly indicating an irregular subterminal line. 
Ordinary spots marked by somewhat darker, lead-colored scales and, 
under the lens, outlined by golden brown scales. Secondaries paie, 
smoky yellow, darkening to smoky outwardly, fringes whitish yellow. 
Beneath whitish, powdery costal and outer margins darker, smoky. 

- Expanse, 33 mm.=1.32 inches. 

Habitat.—Northwest British Columbia. 

A single male, received from Mr. B. Neumoegen some years ego and 
never satisfactorily placed. It resembles excogita at first sight, but is 
more stumpy winged, lacks the prominent black line on the collar, and 
has the maculation much more completely obsolete. 


13. CARNEADES NAVULUS, new species. 


Ground color dull, powdery, ashen gray. Head and thorax immacu- 
late, collar with a dusky line just below tip; but this is obscure in most 
examples. Vestiture composed of long, flattened hair, anterior crest 
not obvious, posterior tufting fairly well defined, patagia not marked. 
Primaries with a rough, powdery appearance, none of the maculation 
well defined. Basal line geminate, smoky, interrupted. Transverse 
anterior line geminate, smoky, the two parts about equally obscure, 
outwardly oblique and rather evenly outcurved in the interspaces. 
Transverse posterior line obscure, fuscous, geminate on the costa, 
rather squarely bent over the cell, inwardly oblique and very even 
below this point. Subtermina] line irregular, punctiform, pale, some- 
times defined by a vague preceding shade, or a slight deepening of the 
terminal space, and sometimes wanting altogether. A series of black- 
ish terminal lunules, followed by a yellowish line at the base of the 
fringes. No obvious median shade or line. Claviform very small, and 
never completely outlined by blackish scales. Orbicular variable in 
size and shape, concolorous, outlined by black scales, complete only 
when it is smalland round. Reniform large, kidney-shaped, extending | 
below the cell, concolorous, incompletely black ringed. Secondaries 
dirty white in the male, with a somewhat defined, smoky, powdery 
outer porder, a smoky terminal line, and a discal lunule, the veins being 
alsosmoky; in the female they are smoky throughout, but become more 
whitish and transparent basally; discal lunule evident. Beneath, 
primaries gray, powdery, secondaries white, powdery along costa, all 
wings with a discal spot; no evident outer line. 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. AP5 


Expanse, 35 to 40 mm.=1.40 to 1.60 inches. 

Habitat.—Placer County, California, in September. 

Nine males and three females from the U.S. National Museum, col- 
lected by Mr. A. Koebele. There is very little variation in the series, 
save such as is caused by a staining in either a moist cyanide bottle, 
or a softening jar containing too much carbolie acid. 

The form of the orbicular is the only changeable feature, and this is 
not alike in any two specimens. The species belongs to the pitychrous 
series and has some resemblance to cogitans, lacking, however, the 
black basal streak of the latter species. 

Tupe.—Cat. No. 4797, U.S.N.M. 


14. CARNEADES MEGASTIGMA, new species. 


Ground color dull luteous gray. Head, collar, and thorax immacu- 
late. Thoracic vestiture thin and slightly flattened hair, neither pata- 
gia nor tuftings well marked. Primaries rough with black powder- 
ings, the maculation obscure. Basal line geminate, marked by 
scattered scales only or obsolete. Transverse anterior line upright or 
nearly so, outcurved in the interspaces, geminate, but the inner element 
barely traceable. Tranverse posterior line geminate on the costa and 
to the angle opposite middle of cell, thence single, broken, hardly lunu- 
late, smoky, almost rigidly oblique to the margin. Subterminal line a 
little paler, powdery, somewhat defined by a preceding powdery shade, 
which may be absent. A very narrow, broken terminal line, followed 
by a yellow line at the base of the fringes. No obvious median shade; 
but in one specimen there is an indication that it might be expected 
in a large series. Claviform indicated by smoky scales. Orbicular 
very large, oblique, of the palest ground, defined at the sides only. 
Reniform large, broad, almost oblong or only feebly kidney-shaped, 
space between the spots forming a smoky V. Secondaries smoky, 
whitish toward base, with a discal lunule and veins dusky, fringes 
white. Beneath, primaries even, dull gray, secondaries more whitish, 
both with a vague discal spot. 

Expanse, 33 to 38 mm. = 1.32 to 1.52 inches. 

Habitat.—Kdge Calgary, August 24; Calgary, September 15, Can- 
ada (Dod). | 

Two females; one, the smaller, in good condition, the other lacking 
one primary and an abdomen, lost in the mail, but otherwise good. 
The smaller specimen is the more evidently marked and is quite pow- 
dery; the other is more even and, the powdering being absent, the 
markings are much less distinct. The species has the color of acornis, 
and may for the present be p!aced in that series. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4811, U.S.N.M. 


15. CARNEADES STIGMATALIS, new species. 


Ground color a somewhat light reddish brown, shaded with blackish 
scales along the veins and sometimes over the entire surface, so as to 


42.6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


give a dull, dark, smoky brown appearance. Head and thorax immac- 
ulate. Vestiture, mixed with scales and flattened hair, the thoracic 
divided crest and posterior tuftings distinct, patagia relieved. Pri- 
maries with transverse maculation obsolete or barely traceabie. Basal 
line marked by smoky spots on the costa only. ‘Transverse anterior 
line, when traceable, almost upright, outcurved in the interspaces, 
irregularly so in the submedian interspace. Transverse posterior line, 
when traceable, bent over and close to the reniform, then oblique to 
the margin, even and inwardly diffuse. Subterminal line irregular, 
usually marked by yellowish scales and the somewhat darker terminal 
space; oczasionally also by preceding darker scales; rarely it is entirely 
wanting. A series of small terminal lunules, followed by a yellow line at 
the base of the fringes. Claviform small, narrow, pointed, usually well 
and completely defined; sometimes with a filling of yellow seales. Reni- 
form irregular, varying from almost round to obliquely oval, and in size 
from very small to quite large. It is defined by black scales, within 
which is a yellow annulus and the center is also a little powdered; in 
the smallest spot the center is entirely yellow, simply because the 
annulus takes up all the space inside the black ring. Reniform mod- 
erate in size, kidney-shaped, sometimes a little enlarged inferiorly, and 
extending below the cell. It is defined by black scales, within which 
is an annulus of yellow scales. The center of the spot is lightened 
superiorly by yellow scales and darkened inferiorly by leaden gray or 
blackish. Secondaries whitish, in the male with a narrow soiled outer 
border which is inwardly diffuse; in the female with a decided, smoky- 
yellow tinge, the dusky outer border broader. The veins are dusky 
marked, and there is a narrow, smoky, discal lunule. Beneath whitish, 
powdery, with a more or less indefinite common outer line and a discal 
spot on all wings. 

Expanse, 37 to 40 mm.=1.48 to 1.60 inches. 

Habitat.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, August (Br. Barnes). 

One male and 5 females, all in fair condition. The species differs 
from its nearest allies in the somewhat well-marked veins and the 
obscurity of its ground color. There are several other points of differ- 
ence, making up altogether the sum of a good species belonging to the 
pitychrous series. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4805, U.S.N.M. 


16. CARNEADES TERMESSUS, new species. 


Ground color luteous gray, with a very even powdering of fine black 
scales that gives the insects a dusty or ashen appearance. Head and- 
thorax immaculate, palpi rusty yellowish in front. Thoracic vestiture 
consists of only slightly flattened hair, patagia not relieved, anterior 
crest feebly, posterior tuft distinctly evident. Primaries with the 
markings scarcely darker than the ground color, so that at a little dis- 
tance the wing seems immaculate. Basal line geminate, broken, 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. AVI NT 


marked on the costa oniy. Transverse anterior line geminate, upright, 
the two parts more widely separated than usual, a rather sharp out- 
ward bend in the cell, another below the internal vein, and a feeble 
outcurve in the submedian interspace, giving it a Somewhat more than 
usual characteristic appearance. Transverse posterior line geminate, 
the inner line best marked and a little diffuse, as a whole evenly out- 
curved over the cell, and scarcely drawn in below. No median shade 
or line. Subterminal line practically obsolete, though its location 
can be discerned by slight differences in shading, notably on the costa, 
where a dusky subterminal shading a very little relieves the apex. A 
series of very small black terminal lunules. Claviform small, but as 
well indicated as any other feature. Orbicular moderate, oval, out- 
lined by smoky scales and a very little paler than the ground. Reni- 
form large, kidney-shaped, extending below the cell, concolorous, 
imperfectly outlined. Secondaries soiled whitish, with a narrow 
smoky outer border, a distinct terminal line and an evident, blackish 
discal spot. Beneath, primaries gray, secondaries white, both powdery 
and with an unusually distinct black discal spot on all wings. 

Expanse, 37 to 38 mm.—1.48 to 1.52 inches. 

Habitat.— Yellowstone Park, Wyoming, in August (Dr. Barnes). 

Two males, very much alike, and in good condition. The species 
belongs to the pitychrous series and is allied to mitis, than which it is 
larger, darker, without the reddish cast and with soiled instead of 
snowy secondaries. 


17,5 CARNEADES ENTERIDIS, new species. 


Ground color a very pale grayish yellow. Collar with a narrow black 
line, edged above with white scales. Thoracic vestiture scaly hair, the 
tufts and patagia fairly marked, a rosy flush on the disk. Primaries 
with the cell and terminal space, except apex, smoky; the markings 
smoky brown, all more or less broken. Basal line geminate, broken 
in the cell. Transverse anterior line geminate, prominently marked on 
the costa, obscure to the median vein, where it sends in a long inward 
tooth, then outwardly oblique and outcurved in the interspaces to the 
margin, the inner portion very feebly marked. Transverse posterior 
line geminate, abruptly bent on the costa over the reniform, thence 
very evenly parallel to the outer margin; inner part crenulated, send- 
ing out long teeth on the veins terminating in the venular dots of 
which the outer element of the line is composed. Subterminal bisin- 
uate, marked by a dusky preceding shade on the costa and below the 
pale apex, by the dark terminal space. A series of small terminal 
lunules is followed by a creamy yellow line at base of the fringes,which 
have double, gray interlines. A median shade crosses between the 
ordinary spots and a little outcurved below them, the space to the 
transverse posterior line being somewhat darker than the ground. 
Orbicular oblong, oblique, creamy gray, with a narrow white annulus 


428 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


and a ring of black scales which is not complete superiorly. Reniform 
large, kidney-shaped, outlined by blackish scales which do not form a 
continuous line, an inner ring of smoky brown, leaving an annulus and 
central lunule of the paler ground color. Claviform pointed, moderate 
in size, outline smoky and broken. Secondaries white, with a smoky 
outer margin, which starts as a line at the anal angle and broadens to 
a band at the apex; veins and a small discal lunule also smoky. Be- 
neath white, powdery, both wings with a blackish discal spot, primaries 
with an outer line through the costal region. 

Expanse, 37 mm. = 1.48 inches. 

Habitat—Pullman, Washington (Piper). 

One male in fair condition. The species belongs probably to the 
pitychrous series, though the median shade is traceable. There is noth- 
ing sufficiently near to it to cause confusion, while the sharply defined 
dusky terminal space indicates the ochrogaster type of maculation. 


18. CARNEADES ATROPULVEREA, new species. 


Ground color dull smoky brown, densely and quite evenly powdered 
with black scales. Head and thorax immaculate, collar with a faint, 
darker, central line. Thoracic vestiture mixed scales and hair, patagia 
not relieved, tuftings feebly marked, thoughevident. |’ rimaries with all 
the markings obscure and no contrasts of any kind. Basal line gemi- 
nate, best marked by the yellowish scales in the included space. Trans- 
verse anterior line geminate, blackish, and with four small outcurves. 
Transverse posterior line geminate, evenly and not greatly outcurved 
over the cell, inner part crenulate, outer even and very feebly marked. 
Subterminal line scarcely paler, marked by the slightly darker terminal 
space, and an irregular, somewhat broken, dusky subterminal shading. 
A series of small terminal lunules, followed by a yellowish line at the 
base of the fringes. Median shade broad, blackish, diffuse, angulated 
below the reniform and making the most obvious bit of ornamentation 
onthe wing. Claviform barely indicated. Orbicular obsolete, or barely 
traceable by a few lighter scales. Reniform moderate in size, upright, 
kidney-shaped, vaguely defined by an incomplete yellowish annulus. 
Secondaries even, smoky fuscous, with paler fringes and a feebly defined 
smoky lunule. Beneath, primaries smoky, a little gray powdered, 
secondaries gray, powdered with smoky, with a broad, smoky outer band 
and discal lunule. 

Expanse, 37 mm. = 1.50 inches. 

Habitat.—Denver, Colorado, October 10; Fort Collins, Colorado 
(Gillette). : 

Three females, one of them rubbed and otherwise imperfect. Larger 
and narrower winged than intrita, with all the maculation obscured 
and the median shade unusually evident. The orbicular is almost 
entirely obsolete and the reniform is very incompletely outlined. It is 
to be regretted that no male was received. 


Seam 


NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 429 


19. CARNEADES COMPRESSIPENNIS, new species. 


Ground color dull smoky red brown, roughly powdered. Front 
brown. Collar with a black median line, below which it is brown. 
Thoracic vestiture flattened hair, some of it tipped with gray, patagia 
and tuftings fairly marked. Primaries with the vestiture rough and 
powdery in appearance, all the markings fragmentary, cell filled with 
richer brown around the ordinary spots, costa at base, gray powdered. 
Basal line geminate, broken, black, included space gray. Transverse 
anterior line geminate, black, inner portion less evident, included space 
paler, inwardly bent on the median vein, outwardly oblique and out- 
curved in the interspaces below. A black shading below the median 
vein connects the inward tooth of transverse anterior line with the 
outward bend of basal. Median vein obscurely pale powdered. Trans- 
verse posterior line geminate, inner portion lunulate, outer even, 
included lunules reddish. Subterminal line yellowish powdery, a little 
irregular, marked by a preceding brown shade, the powdering out- 
wardly diffuse, lightening the apex and sometimes the terminal space. 
A series of small terminal lunules, followed by a yellowish line at the 
base of the fringes. No obvious median shade. Claviform moderate 
in size, outlined by black scales. Orbicular irregular, subquadrate, 
oblique, narrowly pale ringed, center pale powdered. Reniform moder- 
ate in size, rather narrow, kidney-shaped, annulate with yellowish 
gray, the center pale powdered. Secondaries evenly smoky in both 
sexes, fringes with a yellow line at base. Beneath dull gray, powdery, 
with very faint ordinary spots and only a trace of an outer line. 

Expanse, 33 mm. = 1.32 inches. 

Habitat.—Yosemite, California, male, Dr. Dyar, No. 9617; female, 
special locality and source not marked. 

One male and one female only, very much alike and in fair condition. 
The species is allied to intrita Morrison, but is much more powdery as 
well as somewhat broader winged. 


20. CARNEADES FALERINA, new species. 


Ground color pale, whitish luteous with deeper luteous shadings and 
smoky powderings. Head and thorax concolorous; palpi dusky at the 
sides, color with rather an indefinite smoky median line, best marked 
in the female. Thoracic vestiture mixed with scales and flattened hair, 
patagia marked, tuftings evident though not prominent. Primaries 
with the markings all present and recognizable, but not strongly 
marked or contrasting, the lines luteous or smoky. Basal lines gemi- 
nate, marked by smoky spots on the costa and below the median vein. 
Transverse anterior line geminate, inner portion less marked, upright 
or a little oblique outwardly, interrupted in the costal space, with smail 
outcurves in the interspaces. Transverse posterior line geminate on 
the costa, the outer portion lost below the costal space, inner part 


430) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


crenulate, evenly outcurved over the cell and just a little drawn in 
below. Subterminal line of the ground color, irregular, almost angu- 
late, marked by the darker terminal space and by a preceding dusky 
shade, which is always distinct on the costa, but broken or even 
obsolete below that point. A series of small, brown terminal lunules. 
Claviform feebly indicated by darker scales, variable in size. Orbicu- 
lar round, oval, or elongate, variably evident, outlined by black or 
dusky scales, and in the female with a dusky central shading. Reni- 
form upright, moderate in size, kidney-shaped, incompletely and imper- 
fectly outlined, the center dusky. There is also a diffuse, darker, lute- 
ous median shade, which darkens a trifle the outer portion of the 
median space and may be scarcely noticeable. In one specimen the 
ordinary spots are normally separated, in another the orbicular almost 
touches the reniform, in the third the spots join and seem almost con- 
fluent. Secondaries white in both sexes, the veins a little yellowish, a 
broken, smoky, terminal line and a vague dusky outer shading. 
Beneath white, a little powdery, with a dusky discal spot and an incom- 
plete, powdery outer line on all wings. The fringes, especially on 
secondaries, are unusually long. 

Expanse, 37 to 40 mm. =1.48 to 1.60 inches. 

Habitat—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, August and October (Dr. 
Barnes); Nevada (Mrs. Herring). 

Two males and one female, all different, yet I believe representing 
one species only. The long fringes to the secondaries, the plump, 
heavy body, and the rather lengthily serrated male antenne suggest a 
Porosagrotis, but the genitalia agree with the Carneades type. In the 
male type the smoky powdering is quite evenly distributed, except in 
the subterminal space, and all the maculation is obscure. The male 
cotype is less powdery and all the markings are in consequence better 
defined. The female type while less powdery is quite as obscurely 
marked as the first-mentioned male. More material would be very 
desirable to fix the range of variation in this species. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4785, U.S.N.M. 


21. CARNEADES VALLUS, new species. 


Ground color very pale gray, over a pale luteous base. Palpi yellow 
in front, dusky at the sides. Beneath dusky. Vestiture, thin, hairy, 
somewhat divergent. Top of head and base of collar whitish, the lat- 
ter tipped with yellowish hairs. Thoracic vestiture forming no obvi- 
ous tufts; but posteriorly the hair is tipped with yellowish. Primaries 
quite densely black powdered, darkening the wing beyond the trans- 
verse anterior line. All the lines single. Basal line blackish, distinct, 
reaching the submedian vein, bent on the median. Transverse anterior 
line smoky, a little outcurved, with three interspaceal outcurves, of 
which that in the submedian interspace is the longest. Transverse 
posterior line obscure, crenulated, unusually close to the outer margin, 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH, A431 


broadly outcurved over the cell, then parallel with the outer margin. 
Subterminal line barely indicated by a series of dusky spots. Median 
shade broad, diffuse, vague, a little outwardly bent at its middle. 
Orbicular round, moderate in size, a little paler than the ground, but 
not otherwise defined. Reniform moderate in size, indefined and incom- 
plete, a little paler than ground, but with a central dusky crescent, 
which is diffuse and leaves the lower part of the spot scarcely separ- 
able from the ground. No trace of claviform. Secondaries smoky, 
pale gray, scarcely darker outwardly, veins marked, and end of cell 
indicated by a narrow lunule. Beneath, pale yellowish gray, silky, 
both wings with an obscure outer shade line and a vague discal spot, 
secondaries with a blackish line through the cell from base almost to 
the lunule. 

Expanse, 40 mm.=—1.60 inches. 

Habitat. Laggan, British Columbia, 5,000 feet, September 9 (Bean). 

A single female only, in fair condition. The species is allied to 
bostoniensis, but is much more obscure and powdery. It has that 
peculiar pallid, washed-out appearance that is characteristic of northern 
mountain forms, as well as the loose, woolly vestiture. I know of noth- 
ing with which this might conflict. 


22. CARNEADES SESSILE, new species. 


Ground color an even, dull, smoky gray, without marxed contrasts 
of any kind. Head and thorax concolorous, the palpi tipped with yel- 
low. Vestiture hairy; but somewhat flattened, not loose or diverging. 
Collar well relieved, patagia not differentiated, tuftings barely indi- 
cated in the female, fairly suggested in the male. Primaries with a 
faint reddish shading, best marked in the male, very evenly and not 
densely black powdered. Basal line geminate, broken, blackish, not 
well marked. Transverse anterior line smoky, geminate, the two parts 
almost equally well defined, almost upright to the median vein, a little 
outcurved below, and a longer, outward loop below the internal vein. 
Transverse posterior line geminate, inner portion evenly outcurved over 
the cell, lunulate and a little incurved below; outer part obscure, smoky, 
even. Subterminal line vaguely traceable, really visible only near the 
costa, where it is marked by the contrast between the apex and a 
Slightly darker subterminal shading. Median shade diffuse, rather 
broad, slightly darker than the ground color and a little darkening the 
cell between the ordinary spots. Claviform small, concolorous, com- 
pletely outlined in smoky. Orbicular irregularly oval, decumbent, out- 
lined in black, of the ground color or avery little paler. Reniform large, . 
broad, irregular, extending below the median vein, outlined by black 
scales, concolorous or a very littie paler. There is a narrow, black, bro- 
ken, terminal line, followed by a yellowish line at the base of the fringes. 
Secondaries smoky yellowish, paler at the base, in the male rather 
whitish, with a smoky discal lunule and a white fringe which, in the 


432 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


female, is somewhat contrasting. Beneath whitish, powdery, disk of 
primaries smoky, darker in the female; no outer line; but a discal spot 
on all wings. 

Expanse, 40 mm. (male) to 42 mm. (female) = 1.60 to 1.68 inches. 

Habitat.—Colorado (Bruce); Hall Valley, August (Barnes). 

One male (Bruce) has been in my collection for years; the female has 
been recently received from Dr. Barnes. The species is much more 
obscure throughout than messoria, and the hairy vestiture throws it 
rather to the bostoniensis series, where it does not conflict with any 
described species. 

A third specimen, also from Colorado, near Denver, I refer doubtfully 
to this species. It expands only 35 mm., is more sharply marked 
throughout, and the subterminal space is uniformly darker, relieving a 
subterminal line which is distinetly toothed on veins 3 and 4. Thesec- 
ondaries are also more whitish and the smoky outer border is better 
defined. 


23. CARNEADES RELAXUS, new species. 


Ground color pale, smoky fuscous, with a slightly reddish tint. 
Head and thorax concolorous. Palpi tipped with yellowish, dusky at 
the sides. Collar with an incomplete brown line near the tip. Tho- 
racic vestiture of flattened hair, patagia hardly relieved, tuftings just 
indicated. Primaries without contrasts, the lines smoky rather than 
blackish. Basa] line geminate, indicated on the costa and submedian 
interspace only. Transverse anterior line geminate, inner line marked 
on costa only, outer a little oblique and feebly outcurved in the inter- 
spaces. ‘Transverse posterior line geminate, outer line lost below the 
cell, inner crenulated, as a whole outeurved over cell, and then almost 
parallel with the outer margin. Subterminal line pale, irregular, with 
small teeth on veins 3 and 4, relieved by a continuous, dusky, preced- 
ing shade, the terminal space being also more or less dusky. <A series 
of brown, terminal lunules. Median shade vague, diffuse, barely 
traceable. Claviform absent in the specimens before me, but I should 
expect to find indications of it in the species. Orbicular round or oval, 
outlined by black or smoky scales, concolorous, center with or without 
dusky powderings. Reniform large, kidney-shaped, extending a little 
below the cell, outlined by black scales, center more or less dusky 
inferiorly. Secondaries very pale yellowish, becoming smoky out- 
wardly; fringes whitish, discal lunule present. Beneath whitish, 
powdery, a more or less obvious common outer line, and all wings with 
discal spots. 

Expanse, 38 mm. (male) to 39 mm. (female)— 1.52 to 1.56 inches. 

Habitat.—San Francisco and Sierra Nevada, California. 

One male and one female, and there is just a little doubt as to their 
really being sexes of the same species; line for line they are the same, 
and such little differences as occur are well within the range of varia- 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 433 


tion in allied species. Nevertheless there is a vague dissimilarity 
which prevents my marking the female as a type, though it is the 
better example of the two. 

At first sight this closely resembles sessile and is, indeed, its near 
ally; but it is paler, with a more yellowish tint throughout; there is no 
obvious claviform, the subterminal line is entirely obvious, and the 
transverse posterior line is crenulated and practically single below the 
cell. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4800, U.S.N.M. 


24. CARNEADES LUTEOSITUS, new species. 


Ground color dull luteous, with rusty shadings on thorax and prima- 
ries. Head and thorax else immaculate. Vestiture hairy, patagia 
marked, tuftings obscurely indicated; thorax as a whole small in com- 
parison with the long abdomen, which considerably exceeds the hind 
angle of the secondaries in both sexes. Primaries with ornamentation 
well defined. Transverse lines all single, broad, a little diffuse. Basal 
line distinct. Transverse anterior line upright, a little outcurved in 
the submedian interspace. Transverse posterior line with a broad, 
even outcurve over the cell, oblique or a little incurved below, with 
little, sharp points on the veins. Subterminal line marked by a dusky 
preceding shade, very even, the subterminal space sometimes with pale 
scales, lightening it perceptibly. A series of narrow, dusky, terminal 
lunules. Median shade not obvious in the male, in the female dusky, 
diffuse; oblique between the ordinary spots and parallel with transverse 
posterior line below. Orbicular large, round, without defining line, 
save the contrast between its paler shade and the surrounding ground. 
Reniform marked chiefly by a smoky lunule with irregular paler edges. 
Claviform wanting. As a whole the basal space is a little paler, some- 
what gray powdered; the median space is somewhat the darkest and 
shaded with rusty and blackish. Secondaries dark smoky, paler at 
base, with a blackish lunule and yellow fringes. Beneath paler red- 
dish luteous; all wings with a discal lunule and an incomplete outer 
line. 

Expanse, 35 to 36 mm. = 1.40 to 1.44 inches. 

Habitat.—Hall Valley, Colorado, July 24 to 30 (Dr. Barnes). 

One male and one female, both in good condition. In maculation the 
species resembles bifasciata, but in color it is totally different, and, 
indeed, also in the course of the lines. The male is somewhat aberrant 
for a Carneades in having the antennal joints only a little marked and 
the lateral tuftings short and feeble. 


25. CARNEADES TOCOYZ, new species. 


Ground color a dull, pale, brick red, overlaying a yellowish base. 
Collar with a feebly marked central line. Thoracic vestiture flattened 
hair, tufts obvious. Primaries with the marking only a little darker, 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 25 


4st PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEU... VOL. XX1L. 


not contrasting, the included space in the geminate median lines 
lightened by yellow. Basal line brown, geminate, best marked by the 
included yellow shade. Transverse anterior line almost upright, 
broadly outcurved in the interspaces. Transverse posterior line 
geminate, outer part faint, even; inner crenulate, brown, as a whole | 
evenly and not greatly outcurved over the reniform, evenly oblique 

below. Subterminal line irregular, broken, paler, marked by a slightly 
darker preceding shade, the terminal space marked with dusky in the 
veins. Median shade line narrow, blackish, a little irregular, as a 
whole a little outeurved. A series of black terminal lunules, beyond 
which is a yellow line at the base of the fringes. Claviform barely 
indicated. Orbicular small, round, outlined in yellow. Reniform 
moderate in size, kidney-shaped, rather narrow, outlined in yellow, 
filled with blackish. Secondaries yellowish at base, becoming smoky 
outwardly, veins and a discal lunule also smoky. I ringes yellow at 
base, whitish at tip, with a smoky centralline. Beneath dull yellowish, — 
powdery, primaries with a diffuse blackish oval, representing the pale 
outline of the reniform above; secondaries with a small black discal 
lunule. . 

Expanse, 37 mm.= 1.48 inches. 

Habitat.——High Sierras, California (Dr. Dyar). 

A single male in fair condition, No. 11277. The species has no very 
close allies, but may come at the end of the bostoniensis, or at the head 
of the messoria series. In either case it is readily distinct. 

Tocoya, according to Dr. Dyar, is the Indian name for the north dome, 
near where this insect was taken. 


CARNEADES MESSORIA Harris. 


In this species all the normal maculation is well written, and all the 
usual spots are evident. Basal, transverse anterior and transverse 
posterior lines are obviously geminate, and while the inner part of the 
transverse anterior and outer part of the transverse posterior line are 
less obvious, and may be even somewhat obscure, there is never any 
doubt of their actual presence. The median shade is equally obvious 
in most cases, and is sometimes as well marked as the median lines, 
though always a little diffuse. It is sometimes almost upright, but as 
a rule is a little outwardly oblique from the costa to the inferior margin 
of the reniform, and from that point is nearly upright to the inner mar- 
gin, which it reaches close to the transverse posterior line. The 
transverse anterior line is a little oblique outwardly, with three main 
interspaceal outcurves, of which that in the submedian interspace 1s 
broadest, but as a rale not quite so much exserted; that below the 
submedian vein is always most bent outwardly. The transverse pos- 
terior line is very evenly bent over the cell, and is then oblique below, 
hardly incurved in any case, unless exceptionally. The inner part of 
the line is crenulate, and the outer portion crosses the tips of the 
points, leaving inclosed a series of lunules of the ground color ora 


NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 435 


little paler. The subterminal line is always obvious and usually a 
little paler; but it may be concolorous and only defined by the some- 
what darker terminal space. There may be a preceding dark or dusky 
shade and this may be broken; but it never forms sagittate spots or 
dashes, and it is never prominent. In no ease is the terminal space 
paler than the subterminal, or as pale as the lighter parts of the wing. 
There is no basal dash or longitudinal mark of any kind. The claviform 
is narrow, concolorous, very rarely completely outlined, sometimes a 
mere blackish lunule indicating its tip; sometimes very short, some- 
times extending to the middle of the median space; often very obscure, 
but always traceable in good specimens. The orbicular is of good size, 

black ringed, varying in shape from round to irregularly oval, ofttimes 
oblique. There is often a paler annulus within the black ring, and the 
entire spot is usually even and a trifle paler than the ground color of 
the wing; rarely it is just a little powdery, but is never dark centered. 
The reniform is always large, kidney-shaped, usually a little oblique, 
outlined by blackish seales, and within this a paler annulus which is 
only a slighter paler tinge of the ground and never prominent. The 
interior is also a little pale, but with a dusky powdering which yet 
leaves the spot as a whole paler than its immediate surroundings. The 
ground color of the primaries is a graying luteous with blackish pow- 
derings and little if any trace of red or brown. The cell between and 
beyond the ordinary spots is always a little the darkest portion of the 
wing, and sometimes the space between the median shade and trans- 
verse posterior line is also involved; but there are never any strong 
contrasts. The secondaries are whitish, with a faint yellow tinge, 
Somewhat more pronounced in the female, and there is a smoky outer 
border, varying in width, always undefined, very narrow i the male, 
sometimes darkening almost half the wing in the female, especially 
along the inner margin. 

The collar has always a black or blackish transverse median line. 

The expanse varies from 32 to 42 mm., but the great majority of 
examples will be from 35 to 37 mm., without much difference in favor of 
the female. 

The 25 males and 14 females under observation are distributed as to 
locality from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and there is no geographic 
variation observable. 

The species has been thus carefully described as to its essential char- 
acters that others allied to it, actually or superficially, might be differ- 
entiated comparatively; and it is especially useful for this purpose 
because it is at once the most abundant and the most widely distributed 
of the forms, so that all collectors are most likely to possess examples. 


26. CARNEADES INCUBITA, new species. 


Is a close ally of messoria, from which it differs at first sight in the 
darker, blackish gray, ground color. In the female there is hardly 
a trace of the pale luteous ground, which is, however, easily seen in the 


A386 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXI, 


male. The general type of maculation is the same; but in the new 
species it is darker, more clearly written, while a white powdering on 
the costal cell and along the median vein gives a somewhat character- 
istic appearance. The cell around the ordinary spots is evidently 
darker and the centers of the spots themselves are dusky. This, in the 
case of the orbicular, serves as an easy method for ready differentia- 
tion, for in messoria this spot is never darkened; in the new form it is 
obviously dusky in every case, leaving a pale annulus inside the black 
defining ring. The transverse line in the collar is much more feebly 
marked than in messoria and the secondaries have the dusky shading 
blackish, rather than yellow tinged. 

Altogether, while the individual differences are slight, the sum of 
the characters and their uniformity in the series before me indicates a 
good species. 

Expanse, 35 to 42 mm.= 1.40 to 1.68 inches. 

Habitat.—Pullman, Washington, in August (Piper); Santa Cruz 
Mountains, California (Hhrhorn). 

Five males and six females. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4803, U.S.N.M. 


27. CARNEADES TERRENUS, new species. 


Ground color a dull, luteous, gray brown, irrorate with coarse black 
scales. Collar with a blackish transverse line. Primaries with all the 
markings present and of the messoria type. ‘Transverse anterior line 
more nearly upright and the outcurves less marked. Transverse pos- 
terior line practically as in messoria. Subterminal line vague, broken, 
preceded by a more or less evident broken, blackish shade, which is 
never contrasting. Terminal space not darker than the ground. 
Median shade very vague and diffuse, sometimes scarcely traceable. 
Claviform never complete, usually marked by a few scales only, often 
obsolete. The ordinary spots much as in messoria, save that they are 
less relieved and the reniform is smaller, without central powderings. 
The cell between the ordinary spots is dusky; but this shade rarely 
extends beyond the reniform or into the median space. Secondaries 
even, smoky fuscous in both sexes, a little darker in the female. 

[Eixpanse, 35 to 40 mm.= 1.40 to 1.60 inches. 

Habitat.—Pullman, Washington, June and July (C. V. Piper). 

A series of 12 males and 5 females is quite uniform in general 
appearance, obviously distinct from messoria by the darker, coarsely 
powdered primaries, on which the usual maculation is obscure, and by 
the uniformly dusky secondaries. The new species also averages 
larger than its ally, the majority of the examples attaining 38 mm. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4802, U.S.N.M. 


28. CARNEADES TERRITORIALIS, new species. 


Ground color a very light reddish gray, tending to mouse gray, even, 
hardly powdery. Head and thorax immaculate, collar with a dusky 


= 
“No.1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. A437 


central line. Vestiture mixed seales and hair, patagia evident, anterior 
crest and posterior tuft distinct. Primaries with all the normal messoria 
markings present, very neatly and finely written. Basal line geminate, 
black, very distinct. Transverse anterior line geminate, inner part tend- 
ing to become lost, outer fine, blackish, as a whole outwardly oblique, 
with strong outcurves in the interspaces, the one below vein 1 being 
the longest. Transverse posterior line geminate, outer portion even 
and tending to become lost, inner slender, crenulate, blackish; as a 
whole the line is abruptly bent on the costa and after a gentle curve 
over the cell it is almost straight to the hind margin. Subterminal 
line pale, a little irregular, broken, with somewhat longer dents on veins 
3 and 4, marked on the costa by a dusky subterminal shade and below 
the clear apex by the dusky terminal space. There is a distinct though 
narrow black terminal line, somewhat thickened in the interspaces and 
followed by a narrow yellow line at the base of the fringes. Median 
shade smoky or blackish, rather narrow, margins a little diffuse, form- 
ing an obtuse angle against the reniform. Orbicuiar always traceable, 
concolorous, never completely outlined, rather small. Orbicular mod- 
erate or small, round or a little ovai, narrowly black ringed, concolor- 
ous or a little paler. Reniform large, kidney-shaped, rather narrow, 
extending a little below the cell, not well defined except at the sides, 
incompletely pale ringed, center somewhat dusky. Secondaries in the 
male white, with an iridescent smoky tinge, especially toward the edges; 
veins, very small discal spot and outer margin narrowly smoky; in the 
female, transparently smoky, whitish toward base, else as in the male. 
Beneath white, disc of primaries smoky, a smali, common discal dot, 
primaries often with an incomplete exterior line which is sometimes also 
begun on the secondaries. 

Expanse, 32 to 36 mm. = 1.28 to 1.44 inches. 

Habitat.—Denver, October 12; Salida, August 10 (Oslar); Glenwood 
Springs, October 1-7 (Barnes), all in Colorado; Pullman, Washington, 
September 24 (Piper). 

Two males and three females are before me. The species resembles 
and is no doubt confused with messoria, but it is much more neatly 
marked, more even in ground color, with smaller ordinary spots and 
altogether paler secondaries. The species varies in ground color and 
in the relative distinctness of its ornamentation, but can always be 
separated from messoria by the characters given, when the two are side 
by side. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4793, U.S.N.M. 


29. CARNEADES FULDA, new species. 


Ground color pale reddish brown, washed with gray, very even. Col- 
lar with a faint transverse line. Thoracic vestiture mixed scales and 
hair; patagia marked, a few black scales indicating a submargin, tuft- 
ings obvious. Primaries with all the markings faint, slender, not at all 


438 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


contrasting, more or less broken and incomplete. Basal line geminate, 

. blackish, marked only on the costa and submedian interspace. Trans- 
verse anterior line geminate, broken, brown, inner part of line tending 
to become lost; outwardly oblique, outeurved in the interspaces, a long 
bend below the submedian reaching nearly to the middle of the margin. 
Transverse posterior line geminate, fine, brown, inner part crenulate, 
outer even and scarcely marked; as a whole very evenly outcurved over 

- the cell and evenly obliquebelow. Subterminal linemarked by the some- 
what more dusky terminal space except at apex, where a dusky shade 
precedes it, the contrasts being very feeble. Terminal line fine, black, 
continuous, followed by a yellow line at the base of the fringes, which 
areinterlined with brown. Median shade feebly marked, almost upright, 
slightly darkening the space between the ordinary spots. Claviform 
indicated by a few scattered, blackish scales. Orbicular rather large, 
oval, decumbent, concolorous, outlined at sides by black scales. Heni- 
form moderate in size, kidney-shaped, extending a little below the cell, 
incompletely outlined in black scales, with an incomplete pale annulus, 
the center dusted with lead-colored scales. Secondaries smoky whitish, 
paler at the base, veins dusky, discal lunule small, terminal line brown, 
fringes whitish. Beneath, whitish, powdery, disc darker, secondaries 
with a feeble discal lunule. 

Expanse, 34 to 36 mm.—1.36 to 1.44 inches. 

Habitat.—Alameda County, California, September. 

Two female specimens from the U. S. National Museum, collected by 
Mr. A. Koebele. The species is of the messoria type, but very obscure, 
the markings not relieved against the reddish-gray backing. In the 
slender median lines it resembles territorialis, than which it is more 
red and decidedly more obscure. 

Type.—Cat, No. 4792, U.S.N.M. 


30. CARNEADES ITODES, new species. 


Ground color a very pale luteous, washed with light reddish. Head 
and thorax concolorous, palpi smoky at the sides, collar with a smoky 
transverse median line. Thoracic vestiture nixed scales and flattened 
hair, patagia marked, anterior crest and posterior tufting well defined. 
Primaries very even in tint, all the markings smoky brown, quite evi- 
dent; but not contrasting. Basal line geminate, complete, included 
space alittle paler. Transverse anterior line geminate, inner portion not 
so well marked, oblique, with 4 subequal and not strongly marked out- 
curves. Transverse posterior line geminate, outer line vague, even, 
inner crenulate, included space a little paler. Asa wholeitis abruptly 
bent over the cell and a little incurved below. Subterminal line of the 
ground color, defined by the slightly darker terminal space and a dusky 
preceding shade, which is irregular, but continuous and best marked on 
the costa. A series of distinct, dusky, narrow, terminal lunules. 
Median shade rather narrow, diffuse, outwardly oblique and darkening 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 439 


the space between the ordinary spots, evenly oblique inward and well 
removed from the transverse posterior line trom the lower angle of the 
reniform. Claviform wanting, but there is a narrow and_ scarcely 
defined yellowish mark occupying its place and extending to the median 
shade. Orbicular round or nearly so, moderate or small, annulate with 
yellowish, centered with the ground color, darkened by a few dusky 
scales. Reniform moderate in size, kidney-shaped, extending a little 
below the cell, outlined in yellowish, filled with leaden: gray or smoky. 
Secondaries yellowish white, darkening a little at the outer border to a 
distinct dusky terminal line; veins and a narrow lunule also a little 
darker. Beneath white, with a glistening yellowish tint, more or less 
powdery, primaries with anu obvious discal lunule, secondaries with a 
small dusky spot. 

Expanse, 37 to 40 mm. = 1.48 to 1.60 inches. 

Habitat.—Arizona (Dr. Barnes). 

Three good females, with no more definite locality than above given. 
The species is easily different from any heretofore described, though 
resembling at first a reddish canis. The vestiture here is scaly rather 
than hairy, however, and the very evenly marked ornamentation is 
characteristic rather of messoria, near which the new form must be 
_ placed. 

31. CARNEADES LAGGANZE, new species. 


Ground color dull, dark, ashen gray, with fuscous powderings. 
Collar gray and dark powdery, with a black, median, transverse line. 
Thoracic vestiture mixed seales and flattened hair, somewhat loose, 
patagia well marked, margins edged with black scales, tuftings dis- 
tinct. Primaries with the markings well written, blackish, not 
strongly contrasting. Basal line geminate, distinct, dentate. Trans- 
verse anterior line geminate, outer portion broad and black, inner nar- 
row and smoky, outwardly oblique, irregularly outcurved in the inter- 
spaces, the longest curve below vein |. Transverse posterior line 
geminate on the costa, below which the outer portion is lost, the inner 
smoky, lunulate, with long outward venular points, only a little out- 
curved over cell, parallel with outer margin. Subterminal line indi- 
cated by irregularly placed paler scales, relieved by darker preceding 
scales. A series of blackish terminal lunules, followed by a pale line 
at base of fringes. Median shade line oblique between the ordinary 
spots and somewhat darkening the cell, thence, from the inferior angie 
of the reniform, close to and parallel to transverse posterior line, the 
intervening space becoming slightly dusky and giving the effect of a 
narrow darker band. Claviform small, very narrowly outlined by 
black scales. Orbicular a little paler than ground color, without pow- 
derings, of good size, narrowly black ringed. WReniform kidney-shaped, 
rather narrow, not powdery, not extending below cell, very narrowly 
black ringed. Secondaries even smoky gray, the veins hardly darker, 


440) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


fringes paler with a yellow line at base. Beneath, dull gray, with a 
small dusky discal spot and a broad, diffuse, darker outer band, which 
is complete on both wings. 

Expanse, 33 mm.=1.32 inches. 

Habitat.—Laggan, British Columbia (Bean). 

A single perfect male. The species is evidently allied to the messoria 
series, but has broader, more pointed primaries than usual, and the 
antennal processes are very small, the tufts of soft hair rather than 
bristles. These characters, as well as the dentate basal, and unusually 
irregular transverse anterior lines, will serve to characterize the 
species. 

32. CARNEADES ONTARIO, new species. . 


Ground color dull, smoky fuscous. Head with a brown transverse 
line. Collar with a dusky transverse shade. Thoracic vestiture scaly 
hair, rather loose, neither tufts nor patagia well marked. Primaries 
rather powdery, median space a little darker, transverse lines blackish, 
not contrasting. Basal line geminate, broken in the cell. Transverse 
anterior line geminate, almost upright, irregular in the interspaces, 
inner part much less distinct than outer. Transverse posterior line 
geminate to the outcurve, then single, crenulate, alittle drawnin. Sub- 
terminal line indicated by a few pale scales and a vague preceding shade 
which is fairly obvious in the costal region. A series of brown termi- 
nal lunules, followed by a very narrow pale line at base of fringes. 
Median shade line vaguely indicated. Claviform absent in the speci- 
men. Orbicular indicated by a diffuse, undefined, pale blotch. Reni- 
form marked by a blackish, oblong blotch, partly bounded by paler 
scales. Secondaries smoky, with a yellow tinge basally, veins and a 
discal lunule blackish. Fringes whitish. Beneath, primaries smoky, 
secondaries gray, both powdery, with a discal blotch and a broad diffuse 
outer shading. 

Expanse, 33 mm. = 1.32 inches. 

Habitat.—Sudbury, Ontario. 

A single male, source not noted on the specimen. It is an ally of 
laggane, with similar wing form and general habitus, but much darker ~ 
throughout, the antenne having the joints much better marked. In 
fact, while at first sight the species are obviously similar, careful com- 
parison shows numerous other distinctive points. 


33. CARNEADES TESTULA, new species. 


Ground color creamy gray, powdered with black. Collar with a faint, 
smoky, transverse line. Thoracic vestiture long flattened hair, patagia 
and tuftings only fairly evident. Primaries with all the markings 
powdery, obscured. Basal line geminate, broken, blackish, not well 
marked, Transverse anterior line geminate, rather diffusely marked 
on the costa, thence slender, the two parts equally evident, almost 


NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH., 441 


upright, outwardly bent in the interspaces. Transverse posterior line 
geminate, blackish, evenly outcurved over the cell, a little incurved 
below, inner line best marked and lunulate, outer more diffuse and more 
faint, but also lunulate. Subterminal line irregular, broken, pale, 
marked on the costa by a preceding dusky shade, leaving the apex 
clear, and below this by blackish preceding or following powderings. 
A series of small, dusky, terminal lunules, followed by a yellowish line 
at the base of the fringes. <A faintly marked, diffuse, dusky median 
shade darkens the space between the ordinary spots and crosses thence 
obliquely and evenly inward to the margin. Claviform small, the out- 
line traceable by a few black scales only. Orbicular round or nearly 
so, concolorous, outlined by black scales. Keniform large, broad, kidney- 
shaped, concolorous, narrowly outlined by black scales. Secondaries 
dull grayish white, with a rather broad smoky outer border, the fringes 
whitish with a yellowish line at base; veins and a discal lunule smoky. 
Beneath gray, powdery, primaries darker, both wings with a discal spot. 

Expanse, 36 mm.= 1.44 inches. 

Habitat.—Calgary, Canada (Dod). 

A single male, in good condition. This is an obscure powdery form 
allied to laggane, but with whitish secondaries and better-marked 
antennal joints. A distinctive character is the doubly lunate trans- 
verse posterior line, which is not shared with any of its allies. 


34. CARNEADES DIFFORMIS, new species. 


Ground color dull gray or smoky, powdery. Collar with a smoky 
median line. Thoracic vestiture hairy with some flattened hair inter- 
mixed, loose, patagia and tuftings well indicated. Primaries with the 
markings all coarsely written though not always distinct. Basal line 
geminate, black, slender, very close to base. Transverse anterior line 
outwardly oblique, outcurved between the veins and broken on them, 
geminate, inner part narrow, brown, rather even, outer black, broad, 
seeming rather a series of heavy black or brown curved marks than a 
line. Transverse posterior line geminate, evenly outcurved over cell 
and drawn in below, the outer line even, brown, the inner composed of 
thick black or smoky lunules separated by the gray veins. Subtermi- 
nal line irregularly sinuate, gray, narrow, marked by a broad, irregular, 
smoky preceding shade, which may or may not be cut with gray on 
the veins, the terminal space more or less dusky powdered. A series 
of black or brown terminal lunules, fringes luteofuscous. An upright 
or slightly curved median shade crosses the wing between the ordinary 
spots and may darken the outer portion of median space. Claviform 
Small, barely indicated or fairly evident. Orbicular moderate or rather 
small, round or nearly so, gray filled, outlined by black scales. Reniform 
moderate in size or rather small, kidney-shaped or tending to become a 
little constricted centrally, narrowly outlined by black scales, more or 
less smoky filled. Secondaries white with a yellowish tinge in the male, 


44? PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


smoky with a yellowish tinge in the female, veins and a discal lunule 
darker. In the male there is an evident exterior dusky line, more or 
less broken, beyond which the wing is somewhat smoky to the smoky 
terininal line. Fringes white in both sexes and in the male unusually 
long. Beneath whitish gray, rather even, with a distinct discal spot 
and «a broad, blackish outer line nearly complete on all wings. 

Expanse, 30 to 33 mm.= 1.20 to 1.32 inches. 

Habitat.—Oregon (Schaus). 

Two males and one female, all different. The female is best marked 
and the main points in the description are from that specimen. One of 
the males is similar but much more obscure, all the black being changed 
to smoky brown, and in neither of these is the median shade anything 
more than a vague suggestion. The second male is intermediate in dis- 
tinctness of maculation save that the shadings to the subterminal line 
are obscured by a universal dusky shading, and here the median shade 
is present without doubt and darkens the space between the ordinary 
spots. These latter are large also in this last specimen, and I was at 
first strongly inclined to reject it as a member of this species. It agrees, 
however, in all other features, and particularly in the outer line of the 
secondaries above, which is not usual, and in the broad outer line of 
the under side. 

The antennal processes in the male are unusually long, so that the 
brush-like structure is prominent. 


35- CARNEADES DAKOTA, new species. 


Ground color a sordid clay yellow, powdered with smoky. Head and 
thorax concolorous. Vestiture hairy, but coarse and somewhat flat- 
tened; the tuftings not obvious in the specimens. Primaries without 
contrasts, the ordinary maculation written in blackish. Basal line 
unusually distinct, geminate, the two portions well separated. Trans- 
verse anterior line upright or a little oblique outwardly, marked by gemi- 
nate black spots on the costa, beiow which the inner line is lost, and 
the outer is made up of three interspaceal lunules preceded by a some- 
what paler shade. Transverse posterior line geminate on the costa, the 
outer line becoming lost in the outcurve over cell, inner line slender, 
crenulate, very oblique inwardly below the cell and a little incurved. 
Subterminal line vaguely marked by a slightly darker subterminal 
shade. <A series of smoky, interspaceal terminal lunules. Median 
shade broad, diffuse, smoky, almost upright, and crossing just inside the 
reniform. Claviform absent. Orbicular absent or marked by a dusky 
central dot. Reniform marked by a blackish or smoky kidney-shaped 
spot. Secondaries dirty-gray at base, smoky fuscous outwardly, fringes 
nearly white. Beneath whitish, powdery, both wings with outer lines 
and discal lunules. 

Expanse, 32 to 34 mm.—1.28 to 1.35 inches. 

Habitat.—Dakota: No definite locality. 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 443 


form the species suggests audentis, which is a bright-colored form. 
The dusky reniform and obsolete or punctiform orbicular, combined 
with the other characters noted, should make this an easily recogniz- 
- able form, though sordidly obscure in appearance. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4790, U.S.N.M. 


36. CARNEADES HOLOBERBA, new species. 


Ground color dull smoky brown with a purplish shade. Head con- 
eolorous. Collar with a distinct black median transverse line sur- 
mounted by purplish gray. Vestiture of thorax mixed scales and flat- 
tened hair, patagia slightly relieved, anterior divided crest and posterior 
tufting distinct. Primaries with all the markings distinct, the lines 
black or blackish, but not contrasting against the dark ground, the 
included spaces a little paler and serving to relieve the defining por- 
tions. Basal line geminate, evenly outcurved, distinct throughout. 
Transverse anterior line upright or a little oblique outwardly, somewhat 
irregular, the inner line hardly darker than the ground, outer black. 
‘Transverse posterior line sharply bent on the costal vein, then parallel 
with the outer margin. Outer line even, hardly darker; inner black, 
Junulate, the points much more extended on the veins. Subterminal 
line distinct, paler, more or less broken, forming a feeble W on veins 3 
and 4, marked by the slightly darker terminal space and a distinct, 
blackish brown preceding shade, which tends to break up into sagittate 
spots. A series of small, black, terminal lunules. Fringes concolorous. 
Median shade vaguely marked in one specimen. Claviform small, more 
or less completely detined by black scales, lightened .by a few paler 
scales. Orbicular round or a little oval, small or moderate in. size, 
paler in color and with a few darker, central scales. Reniform moderate, 
kidney-shaped, upright, incomplete above and below, black-margined 
within, outwardly with brown scales, a narrow, incomplete pale annu- 
lus relieving the spot from the slightly darker cell. Secondaries dull, 
smoky brown, fringes a little paler. Beneath smoky, powdery, with an 
outer line and discal spot, nuch better marked on the secondaries. 

Expanse, 38 mm. = 1.52 inches. 

Habitat.—Calgary, Canada, July 4 and 6 (Dod). 

Two female specimens in good condition. The species resembles 
brunneigera, but is much darker brown, with a purplish tinge, and the 
lines are obviously geminate and even in general appearance. 


a7. CARNEADES KERRVILLEI, new species. 


Ground color very pale, creamy gray, powdery. Head with a trans- 
verse blackish line across the middle, palpi blackish at sides. Collar 
yellow tipped, else blueish powdered. Thoracic vestiture mixed scales 
and hair, tuftings indefinite, yellow tipped, patagia gray powdered, 
somewhat relieved. A tutt of long white hair at base of abdomen. 


444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


Primaries with all the lines smoky, not ‘contrasting. Basal line appar- 
ently single, interrupted, very close to base. Transverse anterior line 
upright or even a little inwardly oblique, inner line best marked, a little 
outcurved in the submedian interspace, outer line powdery, diffuse, 
leaving a rather wide included space. Transverse posterior line single, 
blackish, very even, only a little outecurved over the cell and rigidly 
oblique below it. Beyond this line the wing is a little darker pow- 
dered. Median line smoky, fairly defined, almost midway between the 
median lines and, as nearly as possible, parallel to them in course. 
Subterminal line blackish, broken into irregular spots, of which the 
largest is on the costa, in course only a little uneven. Terminal dusky 
lunules very small. Claviform wanting. Orbicular large, round, not 
defined, marked by a gray central powdering. Reniform of good size, 
kidney-shaped, somewhat faintly outlined by dusky scales, gray-filled 
inferiorly. Secondaries white, with a small discal lunule, and a nar- 
row, smoky, powdery outer border. Fringes white. Beneath white, 
powdery, primaries a little darker, with a discal spot and a vague 
subterminal line; secondaries with a small diseal Iunule only. 

Expanse, 36 mm.= 1.44 inches. 

Habitat.—Kerrville, Texas (Dr. Barnes). 

A single male, in good condition. The species is allied to lineifrons 
and the series related to it, but is not to be confused with either. The 
transverse lines divide the wing into five spaces which narrow regu- 
larly from the base outward, and all the lines are essentially parallel 
to each other. The ordinary spots are so obscured that they require 
a second look to be recognized, and this, with the peculiar mottling of 
creamy yellow and bluish gray scales, is distinctive. The anterior 
tarsi—all that remain—are annulate with black and the antenne have 
the serrations not very much marked. 


38. CARNEADES TERNARIUS, new species. 


Ground color smoky fuscous, obscure, varying to red brown. Head 
with a brown or blackish frontal line. Collar with a feebly marked, 
dusky, transverse line. Thoracic vestiture mostly flattened hair with 
finer hair intermixed, patagia feebly marked, tufts obscure. Prima- 
ries with all the markings obscure, the blackish diffuse median shade 
being the most obvious feature. Basal line geminate, blackish, broken. 
Transverse anterior line geminate, upright, a little outcurved in the 
interspaces, blackish, broken, inner portion tending to become obsolete 
or entirely so. ‘Transverse posterior line geminate, evenly outeurved 
over the cell, a little incurved below, outer portion even, sometimes 
obsolete, inner slender, crenulate, blackish. Median shade, broad, 
blackish, diffuse, crossing the middle of the wing and only a little 
curved outwardly. Subterminal line irregular, marked by a blackish 
subterminal shade which varies in distinctness, and is in one ease alto- 
gether absent, the line itself being also lost in consequence. A black- 


NO. 1208. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 445 


ish terminal line, tending to become lunulate, followed by a yellow line 
at base of fringes. The ordinary spots are practically obsolete, though 
the reniform may be traced by a vaguely paler shading and an equally 
vague, darker lunate mark. Secondaries smoky, a little paler at base, 
veins and a discal lunule smoky. Beneath gray to smoky, powdery, 
with or without a discal spot and outer line. 

Expanse, 33 to 37 mm.=1.32 to 1.48 inches. 

Habitat.— Denver, Colorado, October 9; Salida, July 10 (Oslar); Fort 
Collins, Colorado (Gillette); Colorado (Bruce). 

Four specimens, all females and no two alike. It is indeed with 
some hesitation that I have associated them all under one name, but 
all agree in the practical absence of the ordinary spots, the dominant 
median shade, and the generally sordid, obscure coloring. The differ- 
ence lies in the range between a distinct blackish shade defining the 
subterminal line, and its entire absence, the former being the type of 
the species. The shading of the secondaries in one specimen is dis- 
tinctly darker. It will require a series containing males to settle the 
matter fully. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4808, U.S.N.M. 


39. CARNEADES NOCTUIFORMIS, new species. 


Ground color a pale mouse gray, powdered with brown and blackish 
scales. Head with a broad brown transverse line. Collar inferiorly 
brown, surmounted by a black middle line, upper portion of the ground 
color. Thoracic vestiture mixed scales and flattened hair, patagia 
a little relieved, tuftings evident though not prominent. Basal line 
geminate, brown, outwardly margined by a brown shading in the sub- 
median interspace. Transverse anterior line geminate, lines almost 
equally well defined, inwardly bent from costa to median vein and 
touching the orbicular, outcurved in the submedian interspace and with 
a long outcurve below vein 1 so that the margin is reached very close to 
its middle. Transverse posterior iine not very well defined, geminate on 
the costa, but beyond that not well marked, even, outcurved over the 
cell, very close to the reniform and a little drawn in below. Subterminal 
line pale, irregular, not well marked, defined by a darkening of the ter- 
minal space which leaves the apex free, and by a dusky preceding shade 
which is best marked on the costa. A narrow, black, terminal line, fol- 
lowed by a yellow line at the base of the fringes. Median shade darkens 
the cell between the ordinary spots, then runs parallel with and rather 
close to the transverse posterior line, the space between becoming 
brown shaded and darker than the rest of the wing. Claviform evident, 
brown ringed, concolorous, moderate in size. Orbicular large, irregu- 
larly oval, oblique, open to the costa, outlined by black scales, annulate 
by a slightly paler ring, the center concolorous. Reniform large, broad, 
kidney-shaped, extending well below the median vein, black ringed, 
annulate by paler scales, center brown, with a yellowish median line. 


446 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSE uM. VOL. XXII. 


The wilt as a whole 1S dusky around. the ordinary spots. Secondaries 
smoky, with a yellowish tinge, darker outwardly, discal lunule pres- 
ent, fringes whitish. Beneath gray, powdery, discal lunule and outer 
line indicated on primaries only. 

Expanse, 35 to 36 mm. = 1.40 to 1.44 inches. 

Habitat.—Siskiyou, California, September 11 (Henry Eelwende)s east 
Washington (Piper). 

Two males. The type was received from Mr. Edwards several years 
ago and is in fair condition; the second example, from Washington, is 
rubbed and imperfect. It is darker throughout, the reniform has the 
inner margin drawn in so as to constrict it centrally and give it a flask 
shape, and the median shade line is not weli marked. Otherwise I see 
no essential differences, and the examples agree in somewhat unusually 
long antenne and in the shape of the primaries, which recalls Noctua 
rather than the more typical Carneades. 


40. CARNEADES INTRUSA, new species. 


In Bulletin No. 38, U.S. National Museum,' I called attention to what 
I then considered a variety of tessellata, and for which the term intrusa 
was suggested. With the material now at hand I have no hesitation 
in declaring the form entitled to specific rank. It resembles tessellata 
in general scheme of ornamentation, but the transverse anterior line 
is more upright, and the transverse posterior more evenly oblique below 
the middle of the cell. It is irregularly white powdered, and in each 
specimen the powdering is more prominent in a different space. In 
one it brightens the subterminal space, in another the costal region, in 
a third the basal space, and in the fourth the lower half of the median 
space. The powderings are coarse and not very close. The ordinary 
spots are more or less filled with these coarse white scales, and the reni- 
form is outwardly shaded with yellow. 

Expanse, 30 to 33 mm. = 1.20 to 1.33 inches. 

Habitat.—Sierra Nevada, California. 

Specimens labeled as above are in the U.S. National Museum collec- 
tion, the Edwards collection, and the Rutgers College collection. 

Type.—-Cat. No. 4717, U.S.N.M. 


41. CARNEADES NEOTELIS, new species. 


Ground color red-brown, more or less shaded with ash-gray. Head 
with a black or brown line across the middle of the front. Antenne 
with a discolored red, yellow, or gray tuft at base. Collar with a deep- 
brown median line, gray margined above, tending to become diffuse 
inferiorly; the base of the primaries usually marked by a discolored 
yellow or gray tuft. Thoracic vestiture mixed scales and flattened hair, 
EEE evident, tuftings distinct and pone to become discolored. 


| Bane 192. 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. ALT 


Primaries very uniform in general tint, no strong contrasts, markings 
all present, but tending to become broken. Basal line geminate, black, 
with yellow included scales, broken in the cell. Transverse anterior line 
geminate, brown ov black, outwardly oblique and outcurved in the inter- 
spaces; outer portion distinct, inner portion much less marked, included 
space gray. Transverse posterior line geminate, blackish or brown, 
evenly curved over cell and a little drawn in below; outer portion even, 
tending to become lost, inner more or less evidently lunulate and not 
prominent. Subterminal line yellowish, irregular, broken, sometimes 
consisting of scattered yellow scales only, usually marked by preceding 
darker or blackish spots tending to unite, and by a preceding shade on 
eosta. The terminal space, save at apex, is a trifle darker. <A black 
terminal line, tending to become lunulate, is followed by a narrow yel- 
Jow line at the base of the fringes. A feebly marked median shade is 
evident in most specimens, outwardly oblique between the ordinary 
spots and a little irregular, but close to aud parallel with transverse 
posterior line below that point. Cell between the ordinary spots a little 
darker. Orbicular large, gray, oval, oblique, outlined by black scales. 
Reniform large, broad, upright, kidney-shaped, extending below the 
cell, outlined by black and annulate by pale scales, invaded by a yel- 
low shade at the middle of the outer margin, else a trifle darker 
than the ground, a leaden shade becoming marked inferiorly. Clavi- 
form small or moderate, incompletely outlined, never prominent. Sec- 
ondaries, smoky white in the male; darker, with a yellow shade in 
the female; darkening outwardly, veins and a narrow diseal lunule also 
darker. [Fringe whitish, with a yellow line at base and a smoky inter- 
line. Beneath, ranging from dirty white to smoky gray, powdery, 
discal spot and outer dusky line more or less obvious or complete on 
all wings. ; 

Expanse, 36 mm. = 1.44 inches. 

Habitat—Pullman, Washington, July (Piper); Colorado (Bruce). 

Two males and two females, remarkably similar in size and not much 
different in other respects. There is a little variation in the shade of 
brown and a little in the shade of the ornamental lines, but otherwise 
nothing. The species is perhaps near to insulsa, but lacks the strong 
contrasts and prominent claviform. It has the reniform of tessellata 
and becomes confusing by the presence of a fairly obvious median 
shade, combining thus the characters of two series. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4796, U.S.N.M. 


42. CARNEADES ATROFUSCA, new species. 


Ground color mouse gray, varying to brown, always even. Ilead 
and thorax concolorous, vestiture an admixture of flattened hair and 
scales, the tuftings evident on well-preserved specimens. Collar with 
arusty transverse shading, which is sometimes relieved by black scales, 
forming an apparent black line, Where this shade reaches the base of 


448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


not always present. Primaries with the median lines obscured and no 
strong contrasts. Basal line geminate, sometimes marked on the costa 
only, but often complete and relieved by yellow, included scales. Trans- 
verse anterior line geminate, usually traceable by black or smoky scales - 
across the wing; in course a little outwardly oblique, and slightly out- 
curved in the interspaces. Transverse posterior line geminate, trace- 
able with difficulty in some examples, obsolete in others. Subterminal 
line pale, irregular, always broken, usually only scattered yellow scales, 
which are often altogether absent. Sometimes the yellow scales are 
emphasized by preceding black atoms, and in one case the line is marked 
by a somewhat deeper preceding shade. Terminal line narrow, black, 
relieving a yellow line at the base of the fringes. Claviform small, 
traceable in all the specimens, not complete in any. Orbicular large, 
oval, irregular, oblique, concolorous, more or less completely outlined 
by black seales, within which, in some specimens, yellow scales tend to 
bring it into relief. KReniform large, kidney shaped, extending below 
the cell, more or less imperfectly outlined by black scales, and usually 
better defined by an inner ring of yellow or whitish scales, which may 
invade the spot centrally. Usually the center is concolorous, but it 
may be slightly darker. Secondaries dirty yellowish white, outwardly . 
smoky, the female more yellowish, with a broader soiled margin, discal 
lunule evident, fringes white, with a yellow line at base and a smoky 
line beyond this. Beneath gray, powdery, with the usual tendency to 
an outer line and a discal spot on all wings. 

Expanse, 32 to 35 mm. = 1.28 to 1.40 inches. 

Habitat.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, August, September, October 
(Barnes); Colorado (Bruce); Pullman, Washington, July (Piper). 

Six males and four females are at hand. They vary from a mouse 
gray to a red brown in ground color, and from almost immaculate to a 
type in which all the markings can be traced by darker or paler scales. 
The best-marked ‘specimen resembles a normal tessellata without the 
black, and in fact this species resembles the common form when all its 
characteristic markings have been washed out. It is perhaps even 
closer to satis, which is larger, better marked, has a black line across 
the collar, and a broken, black, longitudinal line at base. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4798, U.S.N.M. 


43. CARNEADES OBJURGATA, new species. 


Ground color red brown, more or less overlaid by violet scales, less 
marked in the male, which tends to rusty shadings. Head violet in the 
female, often rusty in the male, palpi dusky at the sides. Collar with 
a brown or blackish median line, which is margined above by violet 
scales, inferiorly a little paler or even rusty yellow, in which case there 
is a patch of rusty scales at the base of the primaries. Primaries with 
all the markings present, the surface powdery and mottled with black, 


~ No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 449 


gray, brown, and yellow scales. Basal line geminate, black, both por- 
tions equally distinct, usually pale filled, outwardly angulated on the 
median vein, beneath which a line of black séales may connect this 
angulation with the transverse anterior line. Transverse anterior line 
geminate, diffuse on the costa, outer part broad, black; inner narrower 
and blackish; included line always paler and sometimes yellowish; in 
course outwardly oblique, with outcurves in the interspaces. Trans- 
verse posterior line geminate, inner blackish, lunulate rather than 
crenulate, the outer smoky, even; its course is a rectangular bend over 
the cell, and then parallel with the outer margin or a little incurved to 
the inner margin. Subterminal line always evident, pale, sometimes 
punctiform, usually marked by the darker terminal space, and some- 
times by a preceding broken or continuous shade as well, forming a 
small W on veins 3 and 4 when best marked. Median shade quite dis- 
tinct, oblique between the ordinary spots, then rather close to and 
parallel with the transverse posterior line to the margin. Claviform 
moderate or small, concolorous, often incomplete, but always at least 
partly outlined in black. Orbicular moderate or large, oblique, oval or 
irregular, more or less completely black ringed, annulate with violet or 
yellowish, the center paler than the ground, so that the spot is relieved 
without being really contrasting. Orbicular large, kidney-shaped, 
extending well below the median vein, laterally outlined by black 
scales, incomplete above and below. An annulus of yellow or violet 
scales lies within the black margin, and these scales encroach from the 
concave outer border and sometimes nearly divide the spot. The center 
is of the ground color, but darkens inferiorly, and it may be relieved 
by a pale central lunule. There is a series of black terminal lunules, 
and a pale line at the base of the fringes. Secondaries soiled whitish, 
with a smoky outer margin, broader and darker in the female, the 
yellowish tinge very faint, yet perceptible. Beneath gray, powdery, 
with the usual outer line and discal spots all more or less evident. 
Thoracic vestiture an admixture of scales and flattened hair, patagize 
relieved, tuftings well marked. 

Expanse, 32 to 386 mm.= 1.28 to 1.44 inches. 

Habitat.—Pullman, Washington, July and August (Piper); Dakota. 

Size and general habitus of tesseilata without the black filling, and 
much mottled and powdered; more like friabilis, but smaller and some- 
what shorter winged, not so evenly gray. The male seems to resemble 
tessellata most nearly in habitus, whereas the female tends rather to — 
messoria in the better-defined median shade. Ten specimens, equally 
divided as to sex, are under examination. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4804, U.S.N.M. 


44. CARNEADES CARIOSUS, new species. 


Ground color rather dull, smoky brown, shading to gray. Head alittle 
paler inferiorly, palpi dusky at the sides. Collar paler below, a more 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 29 


450 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


or less obvious plackish Tine above the middle; the point where the | 
base of the primary joins the thorax marked be yellow scales. The 
anterior divided crest and posterior tufting evident. Primaries a little 
powdery, markings all present, but diffuse and not clearly written. 
Basal line geminate, black, inner complete, bent on the median vein and 
running in on the submedian so as almost to reach the base. Transverse 
anterior line geminate, outer portion black, distinct, inner smoky, 
scarcely evident, both portions broken in the costal space. Asa whole 
the line is a little oblique outwardly, and is outcurved in the interspaces. 
Transverse posterior line geminate, inner part black and lunulate, outer 
smoky and even. As a whole the line is well removed outwardly, 
leaving a wide median space; is very slightly outcurved over the cell 
and is almost evenly oblique or a very little incurved below. Subter- 
minal line pale, irregular, marked chiefly by a preceding dusky shade 
in the subterminal space, and by the slightly darker terminal space 
below the apex. There is also a somewhat dusky, indefined, preceding 
shade, which may be broken into irregular blotches; but is never 
contrasting. Terminal line narrow, black, broken, the base of the 
fringes a little yellowish. Median shade quite well defined, smoky, 
darkening the cell somewhat between the ordinary spots, and running 
parallel to and well removed from transverse posterior line below the 
reniform. Claviform concolorous, moderate in size, narrow, incompletely 
black margined. Orbicular of good size, oblique, irregular, oblong 
rather than oval, black ringed except on costal vein, a white inner 
annulus relieving the concolorous center. Reniform large, kidney- 
shaped, extending below the median vein, outlined by black scales 
except above and below, better defined by a whitish annulus, which is 
somewhat emphasized by yellowish scales exteriorly; center dusky, 
with a powdering of yellow scales toward the middle. Secondaries 
pale, smoky yellowish, more whitish toward the base, fringes white 
tipped, yellowish at base, smoky interlined, cell closed by a smoky 
lunule. Beneath whitish, with black powderings, a more or less evident 
common outer line and a discal lunule. 

Expanse, 32 to 34 mm. = 1.28 to 1.36 inches. 

Habitat.—Pullman, Washington, July 18 to 24 (Piper). 

Two males and one female; the latter the largest and with a grayish 
shading. The species is somewhat stumpy winged in appearance, and 
resembles what I have determined as /friabilis, save that it is smaller 
and not ash gray in ground color. = 

Type.—Cat. No. 4801, U.S.N.M. 


45. CARNEADES MALIS, new species. 


Ground color a bright bluish gray, through which a faint reddish 
shade is noticed in the center of primaries. Head brown. Thoracic 
vestiture mostly flattened hair, tuftings feebly indicated, patagia not 
marked. Primaries with the maculation generally obscured, except for 


NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 451 


the contrasting black filling of the cell about the ordinary spots. 
Basal line black, geminate, distinct. Transverse anterior line marked 
by geminate brown costal spots; below this it is single, slender, brown, 
scarcely contrasting, outwardly oblique and outcurved in the inter- 
spaces. Transverse posterior line marked by geminate brown spots on 
the costa, else obsolete. Subterminal line marked by a preceding cos- 
tal shade and by the slightly dusky terminal space, the apex being 
clear. -A slender brown terminal line is followed by a yellowish line at 
the base of the fringes. Claviform wanting. Orbicular large, oblique, 
incomplete above, annulate with pale, else concolorous. Reniform 
large, kidney-shaped, extending well below the cell and seemingly 
much too large for uhe insect; not outlined except by the black filling 
of the cell and the blackish filling of the spot which defines it against’ 
the ground color. Secondaries white, veins yellowish, marginal line 
smoky. Beneath, primaries gray, secondaries white, both powdery 
with a discal spot and with a punctiform outer line. 

Expanse, 29 mm. = 1.16 inches. 

Habitat.—Brandon, Manitoba, October 27, 1898 (Hanham), 

A single male only, under No. 426, of this pretty little species which 
recalls the Texas Noctua pellucidalis. In Carneades its nearest ally is 
albipennis Grote. 


46. CARNEADES PINDAR, new species. 


Ground color an even brownish gray. Head somewhat paler, more 
fawn gray, palpi blackish at sides. Collar fawn gray inferiorly, brown- 
ish above, with a contrasting black line between the shades. Thoracic 
vestiture mostly flattened hair, patagia hardly relieved, tuftings indis- 
tinct, no markings. Primaries with the costal region a little paler, ter- 
minal space smoky brown, cell before and between the ordinary spots 
black or blackish, basal space with a black streak below the median 
vein, becoming diffuse outwardly, else very smooth, not at all powdery. 
Basal line marked by geminate smoky dots on costa and by a pale shade 
interrupting the basal streak below the cell. Transverse anterior line’ 
geminate, very feebly defined, almost upright to vein 1, below which 
it makes a long outcurve. Transverse posterior line geminate, very 
slightly darker, inner portion lunulate, outer even, as a whole almost 
parallel with the outer margin. Subterminal line concolorous, marked 
by the dark terminal space, which leaves the apex pale, and a preced- 
ing shade which is best marked on the costa and then breaks up into 
black or blackish sagittate interspaceal marks. A series of small, black, 
terminal lunules, from which blackish rays are sent inward to oppose 
the sagittate preceding marks. Claviform of good size, concolorous, 
narrowly black-ringed. Orbicular oblong, oblique, large in size, open 
to the costa, else black-ringed, concolorous. Reniform of good size, 
kidney-shaped, black-ringed, concolorous. Secondaries whitish with a 
faint luteous tinge, outer margin narrowly smoky, the border becoming 


452 . PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


diffuse inwardly. Beneath whitish, powdery, both wings with a smoky 
discal spot. 

xpanse, 34 to 36- mm. = 1.36 to 1.44 inches. 

Habitat.—Bluff, Utah (Mrs. H. M. Peabody). 

Two males from the U. 8S. National Museum, in not the best of con- 
dition. The species is-allied to obeliscoides in type of maculation, but 
has no contrasts and does have a well marked subterminal line pre- 
ceded by sagittate black marks. From the protean forms of perexcel- 
lens I believe it to be safely distinguished by the form of the ordinary 
spots and their uniformity with the ground color. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4789, U.S.N.M. 


47. CARNEADES HENRIETTA, new species. 


Ground color red brown, more or less evidently overlaid by gray 
scales. Head variable, but usually of the color of the inferior portion 
of collar. Collar with a distinct, black, median transverse line, above 
which is the ground color of the wing and below which the color is 
usually contrasting gray, yellow, or brown; but it may be concolorous 
with the ground. Primaries may be entirely uniform in color or the 
costal region may be contrastingly yellowish or rusty luteous to the 
transverse posterior line. All the lines incomplete and sometimes 
barely traceable. Basal line usually marked by geminate dusky spots 
on the costa, and by black spots in the submedian interspace; a black 
longitudinal mark extending from this point to the transverse anterior 
line. Transverse anterior line geminate, outwardly oblique and well 
outcurved in the interspaces, so that it reaches the inner margin not 
much within its middle, interrupted in the costal region. The inner 
part of line is scarcely defined, the outer is black, included space 
usually a little paler. Transverse posterior line geminate on the costa, 
thence single, fine, crenulated, rarely complete, sometimes marked only 
by the contrast between subterminal and median spaces, sometimes 
scarcely more than indicated. Subterminal line pale, slender, more or 
less broken, a little toothed on veins 4 and 5, sometimes marked by 
the darker terminal space, sometimes by a few preceding scales, and 
sometimes not at all. A series of interspaceal terminal points, send. 
ing brown rays across the terminal space which, when darker, leaves 
the apex pale. Subterminal space usually a little paler and sometimes 
obviously contrasting. Veins dusky. Median cell more or less black 
powdered before and between the ordinary spots. Claviform variable in 
size, outlined in black, sending from its tip a narrow black line through 
the submedian interspace and above this a paler ray to the transverse 
posterior line. Orbicular oval, moderate or large, incomplete above, 
else black ringed, inwardly relieved by a pale annulus, the center con- 
colorous or paler. Reniform large, kidney-shaped, oblique, black 
ringed, annulate with yellowish, the center a mixture of yellowish and 
blackish scales in varying proportions. Secondaries whitish, with a 


No. 1203 NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. AD3 


faint yellowish tinge in the male, more @ smoky in the female, with a 
dusky outer line, from which a very narrow shade may or may not 
extend irregularly inward. Discal lunule faintly marked. Beneath 
gray, powdery, secondaries more whitish, all wings with an incomplete 
outer line and a discal spot. 

Expanse, 30 to 34 mm.=1.20 to 1.36 inches. 

Habitat.— Alameda County, California, September (U.S.N.M.); Santa 
Cruz Mountains (Ehrhorn); Senator, Arizona, June 25 (Dr. Barnes). 

Five males and two females, no two alike. This species has approxi- 
- mately the same range of variation as perexcellens Grote=infeliv Smith, 
but it is decidedly smaller, the wings are broader, more stumpy, there 
are no sagittate spots preceding the subterminal line in the contrast- 
ing individuals, and, altogether, the species differs so conse in habi- 
tus that there seems little danger of confusion. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4806, U.S.N.M. 

[Larva.—Head bilobed, broad, clypeus broadly triangular, rather 
high, the paraclypeal pieces nearly attaining the vertex; pale brown, 
speckled with darker over the sides and at the top of each lobe; labrum 
pale, jaws dark at tip, ocelli in a brown patch; width, 3.5mm. Body 
somewhat flattened, robust, feet normal, but all small and short; 
tubercle iv of joints 9 and 10 at the upper corner of the spiracle. Thin 
skinned, translucent whitish, the dorsum faintly shaded with reddish. 
Cervical shield distinct, brown, with brown impressed strigz, cut by 
three white bands; anal plate obscure, brown dotted. Spiracles black. 
Tubercles moderately large, brown, obscure. No marks in the blown 
example. 

‘On roots of various plants” (Koebele, No. 94).—Harrison G. Dyar.| 


48. CARNEADES VANIDICUS, new species. 


Ground color luteous with a slight reddish tinge, in the female so 
heavily shaded with gray as to seem smoky or ashen. Head of the 
palest ground color, the tip of the frontal vestiture sometimes a little 
darker. Collar with arather narrow black median transverse line, below 
- which it is paler and, usually, contrastingly discolored. Thoracic vesti- 
ture mixed scales and flattened hair, patagia relieved, dorsal crest and 
tuftings distinct, and in the male a little discolored. Primaries with the 
costal region pale, discolored, gray (female) to yellow (male), a pale streak 
through the submedian interspace and another from the middle of the 
reniform outward and curved upward to the apex. Basal line marked 
only by the pale included space below the median vein, where it breaks 
the longitudinal black shading, which extends to the transverse anterior 
line. Transverse anterior line geminate, marked by smoky spots on the 
costa and by an obliquely outward curve in the submedian interspace. 
Transverse posterior line practically obsolete in most cases or only 
marked opposite the cell by the somewhat darker median space, in one 
female traceable for its full course, and there a little incurved. Veins 


4. 8 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOU. X XU. 


more or less marked by dusky scales, the median alls accompanied by a 
series of pale scales. Subterminal line pale, defined by the uniformly . 
dusky terminal space and by a series of variably evident sagittate black 
spots or dashes. A series of brown or blackish lunules, beyond which 
the fringes are pale, with a narrow, dusky, interline. Olaviform dis- 
tinct, pointed, usually reaching the center of the wing in the femaie, a 
little shorter in the male, and sending off a slender black line from its 
tip through the submedian interspace. Orbicular oblique, oval or 
oblong, moderate in size, usually incomplete above, defined by a narrow 
black ring, within which is a paler annulus, the center of the ground 
color or paler. Reniform large, kidney-shaped, scarcely extending 
below the median vein, black ringed, annulate with pale, with a dusky 
center, which may be encroached upon by pale scales; there is a tend- 
ency to a little backward spur along the median vein from the lower 
margin of the spot. Cell, except for the ordinary spots, filled with 
smoky or black. Secondaries whitish in the male, with a narrow, 
smoky, outer border; smoky gray and almost uniform in the female; 
fringes white in both cases. Beneath whitish, powdery, disk of pri- 
maries smoky and with a distinct discal spot and incomplete outer line. 
Secondaries paler, with a small discal spot only. 

Expanse, 31 to 35 mm. = 1.24 to 1.40 inches. 

Habitat.—Pheenix, Arizona, November 4 to 11 (Griffith); Pullman, 
Washington, September 27 (Piper). 

Seven specimens, of which half are male and half are female, one 
example being the most complete possible example of a union of both 
sexes. The left side from the median line of the body 1s. completely 
male, the right side is as completely female. Ovipositor and claspers 
are both present and the differences in antennal structure is marked. 
The two pairs of wings afford a perfect illustration of the sexual color 
differences and make it certain that the two are correctly associated. 

So far as the material indicates, the variation is mostly sexual, the 
male being in all respects the brighter, with greater contrasts and a 
predominating yellow shade. The female is more uniformly gray, and 
the contrasts are not nearly so great, the costal region seeming whitish 
rather than yellow. 

The species is allied to perexcellens; but is smaller, with differently 
shaped ordinary spots and much whiter secondaries. From henrietta 
it is distinguished by more pointed primaries, much stronger color con- 
trasts, the sagittate spots before the subterminal line, and the form of 
the ordinary spots. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4807, U.S.N.M. 


49. CARNEADES FCEMINALIS, new species. 


Ground color ashen gray, shaded with smoky or blackish. Head 
gray inferiorly, vertex smoky brown. Collar with a broad, black median 
band which is tipped with gray and below which there is a reddish 


on 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTULID MOTHS—SMITH. 45! 


tinge. Thoracic vestiture mostly flattened hair, patagia marked and 
edged with gray scales, tuftings obvious. Primaries with costal region 
contrastingly gray or whitish, this shade invading the orbicular and, 
to some degree, the reniform as well as, occasionally, the inner margin. 
Basal line marked by a smoky costal spot only. Transverse anterior 
line geminate, marked on the costa, obsolete through the cell, then very 
obliquely outcurved in the interspaces; outer portion blackish, evident, 
inner smoky, obscure, defined chiefly by the somewhat paler included 
space. A black or blackish shade defines the pale costal space from 
the base to the transverse anterior line and this shade continues so as 
to fill the cell around the ordinary spots and the median space above 
vein 2. Transverse posterior line geminate on the costa, thence single, 
very slightly crenulate, broadly curved over the cell, well incurved 
below. Subterminal line gray or whitish, irregular, broken, terminal 
space clarker except at apex, preceded by a dusky subterminal shade, 
which is best marked on the costa and tends to break up into somewhat 
triangular spots. There is a faint, terminal, blackish line. Claviform 
moderate, black ringed, sometimes concolorous, sometimes gray, and 
Sometimes the margins almost join to make it solidly black. Orbicular 
narrow, oblique, oblong rather than oval, varying in size, gray-filled. 
Reniform moderate in size, kidney-shaped, not extending below the 
median vein, black margined, then annulate with white, the center con- 
colorous and variably gray powdered. Secondaries white with a smoky 
tinge in the male, darker and with a more yellowish shade in the female; 
fringes white, veins and a discal lunule dusky. 

Expanse, 31 to 37 mm.—1.24 to 1.48 inches. 

Habitat.—Garfield County, Colorado, 6,000 feet (Bruce). 

Two males and two females; one of the latter apparently a little 
dwarfed and crippled, which accounts for the range of size variation; 
the other examples are 35, 36, and 37 mm., respectively. The species is 
allied to furtivus or idahoensis, but has none of the red or brown shad- 
ing, and the transverse posterior line is complete. Aside from this the 
form of the ordinary spots differs, and this new species has the markings 
much more obvious and is less even in appearance. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4784, U.S.N.M. 


50. CARNEADES NORDICA, new species. 


Ground color smoky brown, with a more or less obvious red shading, 
the female with a gray shading over all. Head with a dusky frontal 
line across the middle. Collar with a distinct black median line, which 
is tipped with gray; in the male a reddish or rusty shade predominates 
below this line and leaves a rusty patch at the base of the primaries; 
in the female a gray shade replaces the red. Thoracic vestiture mixed, 
patagia defined, tuftings distinct and a little gray tipped. Primaries 
with the costal region gray to the transverse posterior line, this shade 
invading the orbicular and to some extent the subterminal space. The 


AD56 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXU. 


cell is black filled around the ordinary spots, and a blackish shading 
is in the basal space below the median vein, shading to the ground 
color inferiorly, sharply limited above. Basal line marked by geminate — 
black spots on the costa, and by a gray line interrupting the black below 
the median vein. Transverse anterior line geminate, interrupted by 
the pale costal shade, outwardly oblique and outeurved in the inter- 
spaces below that point. Transverse posterior line geminate, the inner 
line crenulate, outer even and not so well marked; as a whole, evenly 
curved over the cell and a little drawn in below. Subterminal line 
pale, irregular, a little dentate on veins 3 and 4, defined by the dusky 
terminal space which leaves the apex of the ground color, and a dusky 
preceding shade which is best marked on the costa and is more or less 
broken into undefined spots elsewhere in its course. A broken blackish 
terminal line, followed by a yellow line at the base of the fringes. 
Claviform black ringed, variable in size, though never very large; a 
fine black line from its tip through the submedian interspace and a 
slightly paler shading above it. Orbicular oblique, oval or oblong, 
open to the costa superiorly in the female, incompletely closed in the 
male. Reniform upright, kidney-shaped, of good size, hardly extending 
below the cell, defined by a gray annulus and the center more or less 
gray powdered. The median vein is gray to the reniform, and a powder- 
ing of gray scales is variably evident along the inner margin. Sec- 
ondaries smoky, more yellowish at the base, darker in the female, 
fringes whitish. Beneath, primaries smoky, secondaries gray, pow- 
dery; all with an incomplete outer line and a discal lunule, the latter 
usually obsolete on the primaries and sometimes so on the secondaries. 

Expanse, 35 to 38 mm.=1.40 to 1.52 inches. 

Habitat.—Calgary, Canada, July 16, 19, August 3 (Dod); Olds, 
British Columbia (Fletcher). 

Two males and two females. Is an ally of divergens and has the pale 
median vein; but the ordinary spots are not outlined in pale and are 
_ different in shape, opening on the pallid costa. This is also a much 
grayer species and the contrast are more sharply marked. It has a 
little the appearance of furtivus, but the powdery markings and com- 
plete median lines easily distinguish it. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4786, U.S.N.M. 


51. CARNEADES FACTORIS, new species. 


Ground color fawn gray, more or less brown shaded. Collar with a 
transverse black median band which is diffuse inferiorly, and tends to 
darken the lower portion centrally. Thoracic vestiture mixed scales 
and flattened hair, patagia fairly defined, tuftings obscure. Primaries 
with all the markings somewhat broken, median space a little darker 
red brown, costa a little more shaded with gray, cell yet darker or 
blackish before and between the ordinary spots. Basal line geminate, 
marked by black spots on the costa and by the paler included shade 


NO.1203. ” NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. ABT 


which cuts the black or brown basal shade. This black or brown shade 
extends below the median vein from base to transverse anterior line 
_ and is diffuse inferiorly. Transverse anterior line geminate, outer por- 
tion black, lost in the costal region; inner brown, not much contrasting, 
included space gray; in course it makes an inward bend from costa to 
median vein, then outcurved to vein 1, below which it has another, 
longer, outcurve. Transverse posterior line geminate, outer lire even, 
hardly darker, tending to become lost, the inner lunulate, black or 
brown, included space a little brighter red, as a whole quite evenly » 
outcurved over the cell and a little drawn in below. Subterminal line 
narrow, yellowish, more or less broken, only a little irregular in course, 
defined by the paler apical space and marked by small, irregular and 
somewhat diffuse brown spots. Terminal line very narrow, brown, 
followed by a yellow line at the base of the fringes. Claviform rather 
short and broad, black ringed, usually a little incomplete, tending to 
become brown filled. Median vein gray marked. Orbicular irregular, 
oblong, oblique, open superiorly, but not merged into the costal shade; 
narrowly annulate in pale gray, as a whole lighter than ground. Ren- 
iform moderate, rather narrow, irregularly kidney-shaped, scarcely 
extending below the cell, defined by black scales within which is an 
imperfect ring of pale scales; evenly filled with lighter gray. Second- 
aries an even, smoky yellowish, veins and discal lunule darker, fringes 
pale, with a yellow line at base. Beneath, ranging from whitish to 
smoky gray, powdery, with or without discal spots and outer lines on _ 
all wings; no two specimens being alike. 

Eixpanse, 33 to 40 mm. = 1.52 to 1.60 inches. 

Habitat.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, June, July, and August (Dr. 
Barnes). p 

Five females in fair condition only. The range of variation is chiefly 
in size and in the amount of contrast between the ground color and the 
dark shadings in the median space and cell. 

The species is allied to divergens but is more even in color, with less 
contrast on the median vein and pale rings surrounding the ordinary 
spots, and with quite different transverse anterior line and orbicular. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4795, U.S.N.M. 


52. CARNEADES CAZESIUS, new species. 


Ground color reddish brown, washed with blue gray. Head rich red- 
brown, verging tocarmine. Collar blue gray, with a carmine transverse 
line above the middle. Thorax very robust, mixed thin and flattened 
hair, patagia well marked and brown, tuftings prominent, blue gray. 
Primaries nrostly blue gray. The inferior half of basal space, the clavi- 
form, and the filling of the ordinary spots is brown. The terminal 
Space save apex and the subterminal shading are smoky. Basal line 
indicated only below the cell, where it cuts the black shade which 
extends to transverse anterior line, but is not prominent. Trans- 


A58 PROCEEDINGS OF THK NATIONAL MUSEUM. “VOL. XXII. 


verse anterior line marked as a gray line through the submedian 
interspace only. ‘Transverse posterior line marked on the costa and 
traceable over the cell by the contrasts between the brown and gray, 
lost below that point. Subterminal line distinct, gray, marked by a 
preceding smoky costal shade, and thereatter by the smoky terminal 
space and a preceding, continuous, smoky shade. A narrow, lunulate, 
black terminal line, followed by a yellow line at base of fringes. Clavi- 
form very large and broad, reaching to the middle of the wing. 
Orbicular round, of good size, broadly ringed with blue gray. Reniform 
large, broad, kidney-shaped, broadly ringed with gray. The median 
vein is prominently gray. Before the orbicular is a triangular black 
spot, and the space between the ordinary spots is black. Secondaries 
dirty yellowish at base, becoming smoky outwardly, veins and a discal 
lunule smoky. Fringes yellow at base, smoky at middle, white at tips, 
dise with a discal spot and a subterminal dusky line. Secondaries with 
a dusky Junule and a dusky costal and outer border. 

Expanse, 34 mm.= 1.36 inches. 

Habitat.—Middle California (Dr. Barnes). 

A single female of this bright little species. The body is unusually 
robust and the wings are in consequence actually and proportionally 
small or ‘‘stumpy.” It should be associated with redimicula, where it 
will be easily separated froin the described species. 


53. CARNEADES ACUTIFRONS, new species. 


Ground color dark red brown, shaded with black and pale gray. 
Head brown with a black transverse line, the frontal protuberance 
being more acute than usual in the genus. Collar with a black central 
line, below which it is very pale gray, tinted with yellowish, and above 
which it may be reddish or of the ground color. Thoracic vestiture 
with long flattened hair and scales intermixed, tuftings distinct and a 
little reddish anteriorly, patagia defined, disk blackish, margin indi- 
cated by reddish scales, Primaries well marked with strong contrasts; 
costal region gray or whitish to the transverse posterior line, apex paler, 
cell, except for the pale ordinary spots, black filled. Basal line gemi- 
nate, black, narked on the costa and again in the submedian interspace 
where the whitish included shade cuts the biack shade which extends 
to the transverse anterior line. Transverse anterior line geminate, 
black, broken, inner line not well marked, included space pale, out- 
wardly oblique, and outcurved in theinterspaces. Transverse posterior 
line geminate on the costa, inner line slender, black, a little lunulate, 
tending to become lost, squarely exserted over the reniform, very oblique 
and a little incurved below. Subterminal line slender, whitish out- 
wardly, dentate on veins 3 and 4, preceded by a dusky shading, partly 
broken into black dots or spots, and by a broader costal shading. 
Terminal space save apex darker. A slender black terminal line, fol- 
lowed by a pale line at the base of the fringes. Claviform prominent, 


NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. A459 


moderate or large, so broadly outlined in black that it is almost black 
filled. Orbicular ovate, irregular, oblique, small, outlined in black 
filled with whitish or gray scales which may be brown centered. Reni- 
form large, kidney-shaped, extending well below the cell, more or less 
discolored by white, gray, or yellow scales. As a whole the lower half 
of the wing is the lighter and it may be quite contrastingly gray. The 
subterminal space is on the whole a little lighter than either median or 
terminal spaces. Secondaries pale, soiled yellowish at base, darker, 
smoky, outwardly, veins and a narrow discal lunule also smoky. 
Beneath smoky, powdery, with common discal spot and outer band. 

Expanse, 33 mm.=1.32 inches. 

Habitat.—California; Oregon. 

One male and one female for which I have no more definitive locality 
than above given. The specimens are old, but in good condition. 

The species stands by ttself by the unusually narrow primaries and 
very oblique outer margin. Though of almost average expanse it seems 
like a very small species and indeed is the smallest of those with con- 
trasting costa, discolored spots, and basal black markings. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4794, U.S.N.M. 


54- CARNEADES SELENIS, new species. 


Ashen gray over a somewhat luteous base. Head and collar infe- 
_ riorly with a luteous shade. Collar with a distinct black line at middle, 
above which itis gray. Thoracic vestiture mixed scales and hair, tuft- 
ings evident, patagia marked and with a narrow, black submargin. 
Primaries with the median lines not relieved, barely traceable; terminal 
space and a prominent shade preceding subterminal line smoky, black- 
ish. Basal line geminate, barely traceable to the slender, black, basal 
line which is with difficulty traceable to the transverse anterior line. 
The latter is geminate, outwardly oblique and outeurved in the inter- 
spaces. ‘Transverse posterior line evident on costa and through the 
abrupt outward bend over the cell; below that point it is just trace- 
able as being parallel with the outer margin. Subterminal line very 
distinct, broad, yellowish, preceded by a blackish, smoky shade, which 
tends to break up into triangular spots. <A series of small terminal 
lunules, beyond which there is a narrow pale line at base of fringes; a 
median dusky line, being narrowly cut with white. Median shade 
vaguely diffuse below the reniform. Claviform long, slender, a little 
paler, outlined in blackish scales which do not form a continuous line. 
Cell smoky before and between the ordinary spots. Orbicular small, 
oval, ringed with black scales, annulate with pale, center of the ground 
color. Reniform small, kidney shaped. Center and interior portion 
filled with blackish, elsewhere narrow black margined and with a yel- 
lowish annulus. Secondaries white, with a rather broad, smoky margin. 
Beneath whitish, powdery, primaries with a discal spot and the outer 
margin somewhat dusky, secondaries powdery along the costa only. 


A60 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


Expanse, 31 mm. = 1.25 inches. 

Habitat.—Los Angeles County, California (Coquillett). 

A single female, from the collection in the U.S. National Museum. 
It is an ally of stilens, but much smaller, with small ordinary spots and 


very sharply marked subterminal line. It recalls atrifera in size and 


habitus, but is quite distinct. 
55. CARNEADES LAMINIS, new species. 


Ground color dull fuscous, primaries washed with ashen gray. Head 
brown. Collar with a rusty shade at base, reaching the insertion of 
the wings, margined above with a broad, black central line. Thoracic 
vestiture mostly flattened hairs, patagia and tuftings obvious. Pri- 
maries gray along the costal region halfway across subterminal space, 
the cell smoky, darker than any other part of the wing. A thread-like 
black line extends from base to the transverse anterior line, shaded a 
little with smoky. Basal line geminate, blackish, broken in the cell. 
Transverse anterior line geminate, smoky, obscure, outwardly oblique, 
outeurved in the interspaces, lost in the cell, and feebly marked below 
internal vein. Transverse posterior line geminate on the costa, single 
below the cell, fine, crenulate, sinuate, not relieved. Subterminal line 
gray, irregular, dentate on veins 3 and 4, defined by the dark terminal 
space except at apex, which is clear, and by a preceding shade which 
fills the subterminal space on costa and is broken and more or less 
punctiform below the middle of the cell. A series of small black ter- 
minal lunules, followed by a yellow line at base of fringes. No median 
line. Olaviform barely indicated. Orbicular small, irregular, oblique, 
gray, centered with smoky, partly outlined by black seales. Reniform 
moderate, kidney-shaped, gray, powdered with smoky, inwardly 
defined by black scales, outwardly by the dusky space beyond it; 
above and below not defined. Secondaries dirty yellowish white, with 
a smoky outer border; veins and a narrow discal lunule, smoky. 
Fringes yellow at base, with a brown central line, white at tip. 

Expanse, 3£ mm. = 1.36 inches. 

Habitat.—Middle California (Dr. Barnes). 

A single male in good condition. The species resembles a small 
tesselloides, but is not nearly so well defined and has a dull smoky 
brown tinge not found in the older species. The ordinary spots are 
also different and the collar in tesselloides is bright ashen gray infe- 
riorly, notrusty. Altogether this is a darker species and more sordid. 


56. ANYTUS ATRISTRIGATUS, new species. 


Ground color gray with a variable smoky tinge. Head with smoky 
frontal and interantennal lines. Collar black tipped. A blackish 
band from the eyes to the base of the primaries. Patagia margined 
with blackish. Primaries with all the markings defined, a peculiar 
and prominent feature being a black streak, which extends from base 


NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. AG61 


to the outer margin through the submedian interspace, the line set in 
a blackish shading, which extends on each side and is diffuse at the 
edges. Basal line blackish, geminate, toothed on the veins. Trans- 
verse anterior line geminate, black, the two parts equally distinct, 
widely separated on costa, gradually becoming approximate toward 
inner margin. In course it is irregular, the long inner tooth on sub- 
median vein being best marked. Transverse posterior line unusually 
near outer margin, leaving a very wide median space, geminate, outer 
line best defined, narrow, black, inner smoky, included space white, 
irregularly angulate and dentate, squarely exserted over the reniform, 
drawn in below, a prominent outward tooth in the submedian inter- 
space. Subterminal line whitish, irregular, incomplete. A series of 
black terminal spots, forming the tips of sagittate blackish marks 
which cut the fringes. A blackish irregular bar fills the subterminal 
Space opposite the cell. Median shade black on the costa, oblique 
through the reniform, becoming smoky, then irregular and close to the 
transverse posterior line. No obvious claviform. Orbicular round or 
oval, then annulate with whitish, center concolorous. Reniform large, 
broad, irregularly kidney-shaped, larger superiorly, ringed with black, 
filed with smoky or blackish. Secondaries almost white, with a 
smoky, punctiform, exterior line and a series of smoky terminal lunules. 
Beneath white, powdery, both wings with a more or less complete, 
. Sinuate, outer line and good-sized discal spot. 

Eixpanse, 37 to 41 mm. =1.48 to 1.64 inches. 

Habitat.—Texas. 

Two males and one female, the latter greasy and a little defective. 
The species is altogether different from the other described species, 
‘and the black-shaded streak through the submedian interspace of 
primaries will distinguish it at a glance. 

_ Lype.—Cat. No. 4812, U.S.N.M. 


57. MAMESTRA SENATORIA, new species. 


Ground color very deep purplish brown, overlaid and powdered with 
black scales, orbicular, reniform and terminal space more or less yel- 
lowish, contrasting. Head and thorax without obvious maculation. 
Primaries with the lines lost in the black powdering, marked on the 
costa by geminate black spots inclosing a yellowish mark, and by yel- 
lowish scales which represent the space included between the geminate 
lines. Basal line thus marked for its full course. Transverse anterior 
line apparently upright or nearly so. Transverse posterior line lunu- 
late, apparently of the usual form, fairly evident over the cell. A 
vague, curved, diffuse, median shade. Subterminal line dull yellow, 
distinct, continuous, a little irregular, preceded by black blotches in 
the interspaces; that opposite hind angle being largest and most 
obvious. Terminal space mottled with yellow scales. Fringes long, 
feebly scalloped, cut and festooned with dull yellow and with a blackish 


A462 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.XXI, 


interline. Claviform small, concolorous, black ringed. Orbicular rather 


small, round or nearly so, black ringed, more or less yellow powdered. _ 


Reniform narrow, upright, a little constricted centrally, outlined in 
black, more or less completely yellow filled and contrasting. Second- 
aries smoky or blackish brown, paler, more yellowish at base, darkest 
in the female, fringes yellowish, with a brown interline. 

Expanse, 31 to 33 mm. = 1.24 to 1.32 inches. 

Habitat.—Senator, Arizona, April 24 (female), July 16 (male) (Dr. 
Barnes). 

One pair in only fair condition, the male the larger and best marked, 
the female so dark and powdery that the contrasts in the male are the 
more striking. The antennz in the male have the joints well marked 
and laterally tufted. The species thus belongs in division A,! of the 
genus, and its broad primaries ally it to detracta; but the apices in the 
new form are well marked, the outer margin is more oblique, and the 
wing as a whole is more triangular, resembling rather obscwra and 
quadrata. 

The under side is smoky, powdery, with a continuous, black, extra- 
median line, fringes yellowish, a yellowish discal lunule on primaries 
and a blaclish spot on secondaries. 


58. MAMESTRA RAINIERII, new species. 


Re 


Ground color ash gray with a smoky tinge, head and collar concolor- — 


ous. Thorax with black tipped scales darkening the disc, patagia 
with a black submargin. Primaries with all the maculation broken; 
the upper portion of basal space and the large ordinary spots are 
whitish gray, and contrast enough to form the most prominent orna- 
mental features. Basal line black, geminate, upright. Transverse 
anterior line geminate, outer part black, inner smoky, included space 
whitish gray, broken, outwardly oblique, with small outcurves in the 
interspaces. Subterminal line geminate, the defining lines obscure, 
the included whitish space only being traceable across the wing, 
abruptly bent over the cell and a little incurved below; median space 
as a whole a little the darkest portion of the wing. Subterminal line 
made up of white scales, emphasized by a series of black spots in the 
interspaces, in course only a little irregular. A dusky median shade 
is marked on the costa. Claviform large, black ringed, powdered with 
white. Orbicular large, oval, incompletely black ringed, white 
powdered. Reniform very large, broad, kidney-shaped, outlined in 
black, white powdered. Secondaries uniformly dull smoky, very 
powdery. Beneath, uniformly smoky, roughly powdered, secondaries 
with a prominent black discal spot. 
Expanse, 35 mm.=1.40 inches. 
Habitat.—Mount Rainier, Washington (C. V. Piper). 


1 Proc, U.S. Nat, Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 201, 


NO, 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 463 


This species, represented by a single, somewhat rubbed male, offers a 
number of characters that make its removal from Mamestra probable 
when better examples of both sexes are available. <As it stands now 
it belongs next to gnata, because the antenna has the joints distinct 
and laterally with small tufts. The head is retracted though broad, 
front very flat, palpi small. Thorax quadrate, vestiture loose, diverg- 
ent. Collar and patagie well marked, but dorsal tuftings obscure. 
Primaries abruptly widened at transverse anterior line, thence nearly 
parallel to the rounded hind angle, outer margin very oblique, making 
a long drawn out though rounded apex. The fringes are wanting in 
the specimen. This wing form is not paralleled elsewhere in the genus; 
but I have been unable to find any better place for it and prefer not to 
make a generic type of a defective specimen. 


59. MAMESTRA BOLTERI, new species. 


Ground color a dull, reddish luteous, shaded with smoky. Head yel- 
low, with a smoky interantennal shade. Collar yellow at tip. Tho- 
racic tuftings yellow tipped, disk of patagia smoky. Primaries with- 
out contrasts, the median lines diffuse, smoky and broken, the sub- 
terminal line pale and forming the most obvious feature in the macula- 
tion. Basal line smoky, marked chiefly by the ineluded space, which 
is of the ground color and breaks the dusky shading in the upper half 
of the basal space. Transverse anterior line smoky, geminate, broken, 
diffuse, a little oblique outwardly and irregular in the interspaces. 
Transverse posterior line geminate, smoky, diffuse, broken, included 
space of the ground color, rather abruptly bent below the subcostal 
over cell and incurved below that point. Subterminal line pale, dis- 
tinct, relieved and made prominent by continuous dusky shadings on 
each side, only a little irregular in course. A series of small, black, 
terminal lunules. Fringes long, yellowish at base, with a diffuse, dusky 
interline, reddish at tip. Median shade diffuse, darkening the space 
between the ordinary spots, then rather close to and parallel with the 
transverse posterior line. Claviform very small, vaguely outlined, 
relieved by a few yellow scales. Orbicular small, round, a little paler 
than ground color, and so defined by the contrast with the surround- 
ing shade. Reniform moderate, upright, only a little constricted, outer 
and upper portion a little yellowish, inner and lower portion smoky. 
Secondaries uniformly smoky, with a yellowish, somewhat glistening 
shade, fringes long, yellow at base, more whitish at tip, with an inter- 
mediate smoky line. Beneath, primaries smoky, a little paler along 
costa, where an extra-median line is indicated, and on the fringes. 
Secondaries more reddish, powdery, with a small discal lunule and a 
somewhat diffuse, extra median line. 

Expanse, 37 mm. = 1.48 inches. 

Habitat.—Las Vegas, New Mexico (A. Bolter). 

A single female, in excellent condition as to wings, but thorax com- 


464 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL.xx, 


pressed and vestiture disarranged. This species is unlike any of the 
species heretofore described and is without close allies. It belongs to 
the vindemialis series on superficial characters, but has a closer resem- 
blance to Agrotid forms like Noctua pyrophiloides, the normal mark- 
ings of the messoria group of Carneades being combined with the dif- 
fuse shadings of the first-mentioned form. 


60. MAMESTRA YAKIMA, new species. 


Ground color ashen gray, powdery. Head darker, with a more or 
less obvious dusky interantennal line. Collar with a series of darker 
scales forming a vague median line. Patagia with a blackish submar- 
gin. Primaries with all the markings obscured, tending to but not 
really strigate, paler rays on veins 3, 4, 6, and 7 cutting into the darker 
terminal space. Claviform vaguely marked and extending to the mid- 
dle of the wing. Orbicular round or oval, small or moderate, concolor- 
ous, marked by a slightly paler ring. Reniform large, broad, kidney- 
shaped, but larger inferiorly and there filled with leaden gray which 
makes it fairly obvious. A series of small black terminal lunules. 
Secondaries white, with a blackish outer border, which shades into the 
white well before the middle, veins blackish, fringes white. Beneath 
white, a little powdery toward the margins, primaries with a dusky 
discal lunule. 

Expanse, 30 to 36 mm. —1.20 to 1.44 inches. 

Habitat.—Yakima, Washington (C. V. Piper). 

One male and two females, in only fair condition. On very close 
examination the maculation seems to be of the trifolit type, though so 
nearly obsolete that this is difficult to recognize; at all events the den- 
tations of the subterminal line refer it to that series. The male antennz 
are ciliate and the species is peculiar in having a little pointed frontal 
protuberance, so small as to be easily overlooked, yet actually existent. 
This, so far as I am aware, is unique in the genus. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4836, U.S.N.M. 


61. MAMESTRA DILATATA, new species. 


Ground cclor white, overlaid by smoky, luteous, olivaceous, and black 
scales, so as to leave the white base visible only in the lines, ordinary 
spots, and basal space of primaries. Head yellow, with a gray interan- 
tennal tuft. Collar white, tipped with smoky, with a broad, black 
median line. Patagia white, margined with black, the disk mottled 
with white, black, and olivaceous scales. Primaries with basal space 
superiorly white, inferiorly gray. Basal line geminate, black, marked 
on the costa, the inner portion normal, the outer dislocated and form- 
ing an oblique blackish mark in the submedian interspace, separating 
the white and the gray shading. Transverse anterior line geminate, 
black, included space white, oblique to the submedian interspace, 
inwardly angulate on vein 1,outcurved below. Transverse posterior 


“NO, 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 465 


line geminate, black, narrowly lunulate, included space white, its course 

irregular, outward bend over cell large, so that the line is well removed 
outwardly and the median space is wide. Subterminal line white, 
broken, irregular, marked by preceding black spots and following 
_ Shades, obscured by the white mottling in the subterminal space 
and the gray apical region. Median shade indicated on the costa, lost 
in the dark space below until it reappears in the gray shade which 
extends along the entire inner margin. Fringes whitish, with a series 
of black lunules at base, and a series of olivaceous lunules at tip. 
Claviform small, black margined, white centered. Orbicular small, 
round, black ringed, white centered. Reniform moderate, upright, 
dilated superiorly, a little constricted in the center, lower half much 
narrower, black margined, white filled, with a central olivaceous shade. 
Secondaries smoky brown, a little paler at base, fringes white, a smoky 
interline extending from the apex half way to the anal angle. Beneath 
smoky, primaries powdery along the costa, fringes white, marked as on 
the upper side: secondaries whitish basally, a broad extra median 
shade line limiting the smoky outer margin; costa powdery, a discal 
spot smoky. 

Expanse, 30 mm. = 1.20 inches. 

Habitat.—New Mexico. 

One female from the collection of the United States National Museum. - 
This is one of the mottled species not easily describable, resembling 
variolata in general appearance and referable to the adjuncta group. 
It differs in the much darker shadings, in the form and course of the 
lines, and, most obviously, in the form of the reniform. In fact, on close 
comparison the resemblances to other species turn out to be casual 
only. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4827, U.S.N.M. 


62. MAMESTRA FLORIDA, new species. 


Ground color white, powdered with dull luteous and black scales, 
which gives a very pale gray cast. Head and thorax without mark- 
ings. Primaries with the maculation rather well written, the large 
blackish reniform being the most prominent feature, a black costal sub- 
terminal blotch, a smaller blotch on the subterminal line opposite the 
cell, and the dark claviform being the other distinctive features. Basal 
line geminate, black, included space white, distinct, broken on the 
median space. Transverse anterior line geminate, black, outwardly 
angulated in the submedian interspace, and outcurved below vein 1. 
_ Transverse posterior line geminate, outer portion even, smoky, inner 
narrow, linear, denticulate, black, as a whole nearly parallel with the 
outer margin. Subterminal line white, marked by a preceding dusky 
Shade, irregularly sinuate. A series of blackish terminal lunules. 
Median shade oblique from costa to reniform, which is completely 
darkened by it, then vague, diffuse, smoky, parallel with aud close to 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——30 


466 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 4 


a 


transverse posterior line. Claviform a small black loop at the angle of 
the transverse anterior line. Orbicular very small, blackish ringed, 
white centered, round. Reniform a large black blotch without definite 
outline. Secondaries white; veins, a punctiform median line, a sub- 
marginal indefined band and a narrow terminal line blackish. Beneath 
white; primaries with a black discal blotch fading out gradually in 
all directions, and a blackish venular line. Secondaries with a frag- 
mentary dusky submarginal line. 

Expanse, 32 mm.=1.28 inches. 

Habitat.—Biscayne Bay, Florida (Mrs. Slosson). 

A single male specimen, in good condition. The species is obviously | 
related to chartaria, and has the same general type of maculation; but 
it is much paler, smaller in size, and has white instead of smoky sec- 
ondaries. There are a number of other minor differences in the macu- 
lation, which put the distinctness of this species beyond reasonable 
question. The genitalia have not been examined. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4837, U.S.N.M. 


63. MAMESTRA ROSEOSUFFUSA, new species. 


Ground color dull whitish, mottled with smoky gray, which in turn 
is washed with a rosy or pink tinge or shading. Head and collar 
creamy, palpi brown at the sides. Thorax with a pink tinge over the 
creamy ground. Abdomen smoky luteous. Primaries with the dark, 
smoky overlay predominating to the outer portion of median space, 
then evenly defined against the whitish ground that prevails to 
the subterminal line, broken only by three dusky clouds in the sub- 
terminal space. Terminal space dusky, except at apex. Basal line 
geminate, outeurved in the interspaces, included space broad, whitish. 
Transverse anterior line geminate, outwardly oblique, irregularly out- 
curved in the interspaces, hardly defined, included space broad, whitish 
mottled. Transverse posterior line narrow, brown, crenulate, single, 
best marked on the veins. Subterminal line whitish marked by the 
dusky terminal space, and by three dusky preceding clouds. A series 
of terminal smoky dots on the veins, fringes with a series of triangular 
pale spots at base, from which pale lines extend to the tip. Orbicular 
small, round, very obscure, with a whitish annulus. Reniform not 
defined, forming a little darker shading. Claviform vaguely marked. 
A smoky median shade lies just within the dark area of the wing and 
practically bounds it. Secondaries yellowish, smoky. Beneath very 
pale, with a yellowish tinge. Primaries with a partial outer line and 
a smoky subterminal line. Secondaries whitish, creamy and powdery 
along the costa, with a small discal spot and half a row of extra median 
spots. 

Expanse, 28 mm. = 1.12 inches. 

Habitat.—Arizona. 

A single good male, which has been in my collection for some years, 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 467 


It has the wing form of and belongs with renigera and its allies. The 
peculiar rosy shading and the evenly marked contrast between the light 
and dark shading in the outer portion of median space should distinguish 
this species. 

64. MAMESTRA GRISEATA, new species. 


Ground color dark, powdery, ash-gray, without marked contrasts. 
Head with a smoky interantennal tuft. Collar with a blackish median 
line. Patagia blackish margined at base of wings. Primaries witha 
smoky, upright shading through the median space, and a similar shade 
in outer portion of subterminal and terminal space, leaving the apex 
free. Basal line geminate, blackish, broken. A small, black, basal 
streak terminates at the end of this line and the part of the basal space 
so inclosed is white-powdered. Transverse anterior line well removed 
from base, consisting only of a gray scale line without darker defining 
portions ; in course slightly and evenly outeurved. Transverse pos- 
terior line geminate, smoky, included space gray, somewhat acutely 
outeurved over the cell and distinetly incurved below. Subterminal 
line white, slender, irregular, somewhat broader and prominent oppo- 
site the anal angle, relieved by the dark shading on both sides of it. 
A narrow black lne at base of fringes which are gray, cut with 
smoky. Claviform rather short and broad, pointed, black margined, 
concolorous. Orbicular oval, oblique, moderate in size, outlined by 
black seales, then annulate with whitish gray, the center concolorous. 
Reniform outlined and ringed in the same way, rather small, upright, 
a little drawn in from the outside, but scarcely kidney-shaped. Sec- 
ondaries smoky, paler at base, fringes whitish. Beneath paler gray, 
powdery; primaries with an outer band marked in the costal region 
only; secondaries with extra median smoky band complete, and a dark 
discal spot. 

Expanse,-23 to 30 nm.=0.92 to 1.20 inches. 

Habitat.—Hall Valley, Colorado (Dr. Barnes). 

One male (the larger) and one female, in fair condition. This species 
has the antennal joints of the male very distinctly produced, laterally, 
and furnished with bristle tufts so as to be entitled to the term brush- 
like. It is therefore allied to gnata and should come near to it in the 
arrangement. In wing-form it is like vicina. 

The most remarkable thing in the specimens before me is the dispro- 
portionately small size of the female, which is perhaps not the rule. 
The ovipositor, it may be noted, is exserted in the specimen under exami- 
nation. It may be that, with further material at hand, Ulolonche will 
prove a better genus for the species; but it may require an examina- 
tion of the male genitalia to determine the matter finally. 


65. HADENA TAPETA, new species. 


Head and collar deep, dark, red brown, the collar tipped with yellow. 
Patagia red brown with a submarginal line of yellow scales. Thoracic 


468 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXiL. 


disk and posterior tuftings luteous yellow. Primaries with a luteous 
base, overlaid with bright red brown. Basal line single, angulate, black. 
Transverse anterior line nearly upright, single, black, with a triangular 
spot on costa and inner margin, else narrow, irregular. Basal space 
mottled, yellow and brown. ‘Transverse posterior line black, broken, 
followed by a yellow shade line, outcurved over the reniform. Median 
space mainly brown, lighter below the submedian, with a smoky blotch 
on the inner margin. Subterminal line yellow, narrow, with irregular 
outeurves and inward teeth. Subterminal space brown, the yellow 
more obvious toward inner margin along transverse posterior line. 
Terminal space brown, some of the veins marked with yellow. A series 
of small, black, terminal lunules, beyond which is a series of yellow 
spots at the base of the fringes. Ciaviform not traceable in the 
specimen. Orbicular small, white, punctiform. Reniform creamy, with 
a brown central line, moderate in size, lunate in form. Secondaries 
whitish at base, darkening to smoky outwardly, the veins smoky, 
fringe more yellowish. Beneath whitish, reddish powdered along the 
costal region. Extra median dusky line and discal dots on both wings, 
and on primaries the terminal space is paler. f 

Expanse, 25 mm.=1 inch. 

Habitat.—Cocoanut Grove, Florida (KE. A. Schwarz). 

A single good male from the U. 8S. National Museum. This is a 
small, narrow, and blunt winged form like egens Walker, or more 
like the small species of Mamestra. The bright, deep rusty brown, 
which is the predominating shade, is altogether different from any 
other described species known to me. The tarsi are brown, narrowly 
ringed with yellow. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4822, U.S.N.M. 


66. HADENA LUTEOCINEREA, new species 


Color a mottling of luteous and cinereous. Front and collar whitish, 
patagia with black submargin, thoracic disk luteous, posterior tufts 
gray; abdominal tufts blackish, abdomen pale luteous. Primaries 
shaded with white along the costal vein and a little powdered in the 
costal region. Basal line barely indicated on the costa. Transverse 
anterior line marked by an oblique smoky shade on the costa, and 
beyond that only by the difference between the yellowish base and 
smoky median space; its course a rather small, even outeurve. Trans- 
verse posterior line geminate on the costa, then outcurved over the cell 
and deeply incurved below, greatly narrowing the median space in the 
submedian interspace; defined only by the contrast between smoky 
median and yellowish subterminal space. Subterminal line yellow, 
irregularly angulate and sinuate, defined by the dark terminal space 
and a preceding gray shade which fills the subterminal space at costa 
and in the middle, leaving two yellowish blotches. A series of small, 
black terminal lunules. A small black line or streak at base. Orbic- 


NO. 1208. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 469 


ular oblique, white. Reniform upright, kidney-shaped, moderate in 
size, marked by black scales, inwardly annulate with white. Clavi- 
form broad, pointed at the tip, extending across the median space, 
black lined, concolorous. Secondaries whitish, with a narrow smoky 
margin and a discal lunule. Beneath whitish, powdery, primaries 
smoky along costal region, secondaries with a discal lunule. 

Expanse, 33 mm.=1.32 inches. 

Habitat.—Montana. 

A single male in fair condition. The species is related to characta 
in wing form and general pattern of maculation, but differs in the yel- 
low shadings and generally paler colorings. 


67. HADENA MUSTELINA, new species. 


Ground color bluish gray, with brown shadings. Head and collar 
chocolate brown, patagia edged with brown scales posteriorly. Abdom- 
inal vestiture defective. Primaries with the ornamentation obvious 
along the costal region only. Basal line geminate, inner line deep 
brown, outer faint. Transverse anterior line geminate, inner line faint, 
brown, outer black on the costa, then dislocated, broken, and marked 
only by a few black scales across the wing; as a whole the line is a lit- 
tle outeurved, and outwardly oblique. Transverse posterior line gemi- 
nate, marked by black spots on the costa, then brownish, obscurely 
lunulate, widely outcurved and, as a whole, nearly parallel with the 
outer margin. Subterminal line pale, irregular, preceded by scattered 
black scales and by a brown costal shade. Terminal space, except 
apex, a little darker. A brown, crenulated, terminal line. Ordinary 
spots proportionately very large, concolorous. Orbicular oblique, oval, 
open above, preceded by a black patch on the median vein, which 
seems continuous with the black inception of the transverse anterior 
line. Reniform kidney-shaped, defined by slightly darker scales, 
except that the narrow space between it and the orbicular is blackish 
brown. Claviform marked through the basal space by a whitish shade, 
margined above by black scales, and beyond the transverse anterior 
line by a margin of black, inferiorly edged by white scales, outline not 
complete inferiorly; in form it is short and broad. Secondaries smoky, 
even, fringes white, based by a darker line. Beneath, primaries smoky, 
with a scarlet tinge along costa and toward apex, an incomplete outer 
line and a discal lunule. Secondaries whitish, with a vinous red shade 
along costa and a blackish discal spot. 

Expanse, 29 mm.=1.16 inches. 

Habitat.—Santa Cruz Mountains, California. 

One male, evidently bred, numbered, in red, No.536, by Mr. A. Koebele. 
The specimen is evidently a little crippled, but the maculation is per- 
fect and only the vestiture ot the abdomen is defective. I cannot say, 
therefore, just how it is tufted. In a general way the species is allied 
to the modica series, but not closely to anyone in particular. 


A470 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. SXIl. 


Type.—Cat. No. 4828, U.S.N.M. 

[Larva.—Head rounded, scarcely bilobed, clypeus broadly triangular, 
moderate, paraclypeal pieces narrowly nearly attaining the vertex; 
brown, reticulate mottled, clypeus whitish, edged below with brown 
and with three brown specks in its lower part, the central one lowest; 
tubercles brown, ocelli black, mouth rather pale; width, 3mm. Body 
cylindrical, normal, feet equal, tubercle iv of joints 9 and 10 above the 
center of the spiracle; shields obsolete. NKeddish brown, darker 
dotted, a very broad, sharply-edged, white substigmatal band reaching 
joint 2 and extending narrowly on anal foot; a narrow greenish white 
dorsal line on joints 3 to 12. Spiracles small, black rimmed. Feet 
pale.—Harrison G. Dyar. | 


68. HADENA JOCASTA, new species. 


Ground color, dull fuscous gray. Head and thorax not maculate, 
patagia obscurely submargined with black. Vrimaries with the mark- 
ings well written, median lines connected by a prominent black bar 
through the submedian interspace; a white shade filling the subter- 
minal space beyond it tothe anal angle. Basal line geminate, blackish, 
marked on costa only. A short black basal streak, reaching less than 
half way across the basal space. Transverse anterior line geminate, 
outer portion of line black, inner obscure, intervening space a little 
whitish powdered, as a whole a little outeurved. Transverse posterior 
line single, slender, blackish, crenulate and outcurved over the cell, 
even and incurved below. Subterminal line paler, a little sinuate, pre- 


ceded by a darker shade; the terminal space also a little darker except 


at apex. A series of blackish terminal lunules, beyond which the 
fringes are cut with black. A median shade line is indicated between 
the ordinary spots and below the transverse bar. Claviform forms part 
of the bar connecting the median lines. Orbicular large, oblique, oval 
paler than ground, partly outlined by black scales. NReniform large, 
concolorous, kidney-shaped, the inner edge black margined, outer not 
defined. Secondaries even, smoky. Beneath smoky, with a vague 
outer line on all wings. 

Expanse, 30 mm.=1.20 inches. 

Habitat.—South Dakota; Chicago, Llinois. 

One female in fair condition is before me from South Dakota, and 
Dr. Strecker has a duplicate from Chicago, Illinois. The species is 
allied to diversicolor in wing form and general habitus. 


69. HADENA TELA, new species. 


Ground color fuscous brown, overlaid by smoky. Patagia with a 


darker margin, else head and thorax concolorous. Primaries with the - 


markings fairly evident, not contrasting. Basal line obscurely marked 
on the costa only. Transverse anterior line geminate, outer line black, 
inner obscure, included space a little paler, outwardly bent in the 
interspaces, oblique. Transverse posterior line geminate, widely out- 


noes abe 


NO. 1203. NEW NOCTULD MOTHS—SMITH. A771 


curved over the cell, almost evenly oblique below, inner line black, 
slender; outer line brown, indefinite, included space a little paler. 
Subterminal line pale, broken, a little irregular, preceded by black or 
brown marks in the interspaces. A series of small, black, terminal 
lunules. Orbicular round or oval, center concolorous, annulate with 
paler, narrowly outlined by black scales. Reniform upright, broad, 
almost oval, the sides a little flattened, large, incompletely outlined 
and with a paler annulus relieving the concolorous center. Claviform 
concolorous, outlined in black, extending halfway across median 
space, a black line from lower margin continuing to the transverse 
posterior line. There is a black streak along the inner margin near 
the base, and a black line from the lower part of reniform to the sub- 
terminal line. The tendency is to a darkening of the interspaces in 
terminal and subterminal spaces, taking the form of brown or blackish 
lines or spots. Secondaries whitish, with a narrow smoky margin in 
the male; smoky, paler at base, in the female. Beneath, varying from 
whitish to smoky, more or less powdery, with an incomplete outer line 
and a discal spot on all wings. 

Expanse, 26 to 30 mm.=1.04 to 1.20 inches. 

Habitat.—Rio Verde. Mountains, Phoenix, Arizona, August and 
September (Dr. Barnes). 

Two males and two females; none of them first class. The species 
is not really referable to Hadena, having an untufted abdomen; but it 
resembles the mactata series in markings and the lewcoscelis series in 
wing form, hence I place it here tentatively. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4823, U.S.N.M. 


70. POLIA EXTINCTA, new species. 


Bluish gray over smoky, appearing powdery. Head and thorax 
irrorate, patagia with a submarginal blackish line. Primaries with 
the markings fairly evident, not greatly contrasting. Basal line 
blackish, broken, single. Tranverse anterior line well removed from 
base, outwardly oblique, moderately outcurved in the interspaces, 
single, blackish, preceded by whitish gray scales. Transverse posterior 
line single, blackish evenly outcurved over the cell, thence parallel 
with the outer margin, denticulate, followed by a narrow pale shading. 
A series of sagittate blackish marks, in two series of three each, indi. 
cates. the subterminal line and reduces the subterminal space to -a 
narrow gray band except on costa. A short, thick, black bar crosses 
this narrow subterminal space, just below vein 2. There is a series 
of small, biack, terminal lunules. Median shade smoky, obscure, oblique 
from costa to middle of reniform, bent at the lower margin of this spot, 
thence close to and parallel with transverse posterior line. Claviform 
- concolorous, black margined, of moderate size, extending halfway 
across median space, pointed at tip. Orbicular oval, black ringed, 
concolorous. eniform large, broad, kidney-shaped, inner margin 


472 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


black, outer defined by pale scales. Secondaries smoky, powdery, 
with white fringes, a large discal lunule, an extra median line, and a 
series of terminal lunules, darker. Beneath, powdery, primaries smoky, 
with an extra median line; secondaries gray, with an extra median line 
and discal spot. 

Expanse, 47 mm.=1.85 inches. 

Habitat.—Twin Mountain, New Hampshire, August 3 (Edward W. 
Cross). : 

One female in good condition. The species belongs to the series 
with aedon and pulverulenta, differing from each in the ground color 
and details of maculation. I am quite certain that I have seen this 
species in collections with a name to which it is not entitled. The 
species of this genus do not seem to be common and of some of them 
I have seen only the types. 


71. POLIA ACERA, new species. 


Ground color an even purplish gray with a reddish shading through 
the median space of primaries. Head with a brown frontal line. Col- 
lar more whitish inferiorly to a sharply defined black, transverse line. 
Patagia well marked, with a vague submarginal darker shading. 
Primaries with a sharply defined, slender, black streak from base 
through the submedian interspace, nearly to the transverse anterior 
line. Another less distinct black streak along inner margin, reaching 
somewhat nearer to the center of the wing. Basal line not traceable 
in the specimens before me. Transverse anterior line obsolete or very 
feebly traceable; geminate, with long outcurves in the submedian 
interspace and below the submedian vein. ‘Transverse posterior line 
almost obsolete or imperfectly marked, geminate over the cell, then 
the inner line narrow, black, dentate on the veins. Subterminal line 
wanting or indicated by brown interspaceal streaks which are best 
marked opposite the cell and above the anal angle. Fringes reddish 
gray. The veins are marked with black scales. There is a brown, 
median shade line which is incomplete, marked between the ordinary 
spots and from the tip of the claviform to the inner margin. Clavi- 
form black ringed, concolorous, extends halfway across the median 
space, a slender black or brown streak connecting it with the trans- 
verse posterior line. Orbicular oblong, oblique, nearly or quite reach- 
ing the reniform, and probably in soine instances confluent with it; a 
little paler than ground, incompletely outlined by black and brown 
scales. Reniform large, upright, kidney-shaped, somewhat irregular, 
open above and tending to enlarge, else narrowly outlined by brown 
seales, a little yellowish centrally. Secondaries smoky yellowish, paler 
at base, fringes whitish. Beneath, whitish or smoky, a little powdery, 
without obvious lines or spots. 

Expanse, 42 (male) to 52 (female) mm.=1.68 to 2.08 inches. 

Hebitat.—Pullman, Washington (C. V. Piper); Seattle, Washington. 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. AG3 


One pair only, the male in good condition save that itlacks anten- 
ne; the female, which is much older, somewhat defective. The species 
has the wing form of theodori, but differs utterly in maculation from 
all others of the genus. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4826, U.S.N.M 


72. POLIA DISPAR, new species. 


Ground color very pale luteous gray, almost white. Collar with a 
faint, smoky line below the tip. Patagia with a submarginal, diftuse, 
black line. Primaries with smoky powderings which obscure the ordi- 
nary maculation. Basal line vaguely indicated by smoky marks on 
the costa. Transverse anterior line hardly more obvious, but by patch- 
ing together the scattered black scales, it is seen that the line is strongly 
angulate in the interspaces, the tooth below the submedian vein almost 
meeting one from the transverse posterior line. The tooth in the cell 
takes the form of a black, angulate mark before the orbicular. A 
short, slender, blackish streak from base to basal line in the cell and a 
similar, more obscure streak along the inner margin into the tooth of 
the transverse anterior line. Transverse posterior line somewhat better 
marked but obscure, incomplete, with long, irregular outward teeth on 
the veins, and long inward dentations in the interspaces; that in the 
submedian being best marked. Median shade smoky, somewhat dif- 
fuse, oblique from costa between the ordinary spots, then inwardly 
bent from the lower angle of reniform. It is a little the best marked 
feature of the wing. Subterminal line concolorous, marked by a series 
of preceding, sagittate, smoky marks. A series of distinct, black, 
interspaceal, terminal lunules, beyond which the fringes are cut with 
smoky. Fringes a little dentate. Orbicular small, round, concolorous, 
incompletely and very narrowly outlined by black scales. Reniform 
large, upright, a little kidney-shaped, obscurely annulate with yel- 
lowish, a little darkened by the median shade inferiorly. Secondaries 
in the male white, immaculate; in the female with smoky veins, a smoky 
terminal line and smoky powderings toward anal angle where an 
extra median dusky line is well indicated. Beneath white or nearly 
so with small discal spots, much less obvious in the male. 

Expanse, 42 (male) to 45 (female) mm. = 1.68 to 1.80 inches. 

Habitat.—Glenwood Springs, Colorado, October 1-10 (Dr. Barnes). 

One pair, both fairly good examples. The male has the antenne ser- 
rated and bristle tufted. The primaries are a little broader and more 
pointed than usual in the genus, and the species is much more obscurely 
marked. Yet, so far as the maculation is traceable, its dentate char- 
acter fits well into the series in which I have placed it. The very light 
color separates it from all save ochracea, and from that species, the 
white secondaries of the male and the totally different ordinary spots 
will distinguish it. 


474 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


73. POLIA OCHRACEA, new species. 


Ground color a dirty pale gray, with smoky powderings and yel- 
low ocherous shadings. Collar, thoracic disk, and patagia with ocher- 
ous shading. Primaries with the ordinary lines all present, smoky, 
not prominent. Basal line geminate, smoky, broken, the included 
space broad and whitish on costa. Costal region and cell shaded 
with blackish before the transverse anterior line, which is unusually 
well removed from base. Transverse anterior line single, out- 
wardly oblique, smoky, outcurved below median and outwardly toothed 
below submedian vein. Transverse posterior line single, smoky, 
irregularly dentate or zigzag, well outcurved over the reniform and 
well bent inward below, so that the median space is much narrowed. 
The two lines are connected by a smoky bar in the submedian inter- 
space. Median shade smoky, diffuse, obscure, broken, the median 
space being so much powdered that the shade line is only locally defin- 
able. Subterminal line composed of ocher yellow, somewhat lunate 
marks preceded by smoky shadings. A narrow, blackish, interrupted 
terminal line. Fringes a little dentate. Orbicular large, broad, sides 
outlined in ocher yellow, open above and below. Reniform very large, 
broad, a little constricted centrally, more so from the outside, sides 
marked with ocher yellow scales, above and below indefined. Ocher 
yellow scales are scattered over the wing, but are more obvious in the 
basal and subterminal spaces. Secondaries whitish, with a smoky 
tinge, with a blackish extra-median line, a smoky, diffuse, subterminal 
shading, a blackish, lJunulate terminal line and a smoky discal lunule. 
Beneath with a yellowish tinge; primaries smoky on disk, both with 
an extra-median dusky band and a dusky lunule. 

Expanse, 43 nm. = 1.72 inches. 

Habitat.—lowa. 

A single, rather defective male, received years ago from Henry 
Edwards. The antenne are serrated aud bristle tufted. The species 
should be recognizable from its ocherous mottlings, which are different 
from any congeneric form, The wings are rather broad and pointed, 
as in dispar, which this species most resembles. 


74. PERIGEA LUCETTA, new species. 


Ground color glistening fawn brown, with a tendency to yellow 
shadings. Head yellow in front, with a narrow black line, a velvety 
brown interantennal line and a velvety brown neck. Palpi yellow in 
front, brown at the sides. Collar with a yellowish shade toward base, 
above margined by a black transverse line. Patagia marked, with a 
yellowish shade at costal base of primaries. Primaries with the ordi- 
nary lines obscure. Basal line marked by scattered yellow and black 
scales. Transverse anterior line with difficulty traceable, partly gem- 
inate, a little outeurved. Transverse posterior line a series of inter- 
spaceal blackish lunules; abruptly bent on the costa, else nearly parallel 


NO. 1203. / NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. AG5 


with the outer margin. It is followed by a broad, vague yellowish 
shading, merging gradually into the ground. Subterminal line unusu- 
ally close to outer margin, irregular, consisting of silver gray scales 
placed in groups. A seriesof black interspaceal terminal spots, edged 
with gray scales and fringes cut with gray. Claviform indicated by 
smoky scales, very small. Orbicular small, broadly oblong, upright, 
edged by whitish or gray scales. Reniform moderate, outlined by a 
narrow gray line, with a figure-8 shape, a little paler centrally, almost 
whitish below. Space between the ordinary spots more blackish and a 
similar shade obtains beyond the reniform. Secondaries smoky, darker 
outwardly, glistening, the fringes whitish. Beneath, primaries smoky, 
reddish powdery along costa, whitish along internal margin, terminal 
space gray. An extra-median smoky line. Secondaries gray, reddish 
powdery along the costal region. An extra median brown line, which 
does not reach the inner margin. ‘Terminal space narrowly gray, mar- 
gined by a brown band, which almost fills the space to the extra median 
line on the costa, but narrows toward and barely reaches the internal 
angle. 

Expanse, 41 mm.=1.64 inches. 

Habitat.—Colorado (Barnes). 

A single, good male. This is a large form and quite different in 
appearance from our other species. It has somewhat the shading of 
fabrefacta, but is very differently marked. 


75. PERIGEA CERVINA, new species. 


Ground color a somewhat glistening, soft fawn brown with scattered 
black powderings, some of the scales tipped with white. Head and 
thorax without obvious markings. Primaries without contrasts, all 
lines obscured. Transverse anterior line marked by obscure blackish 
shadings, which indicate that it is upright, outwardly angulated in the 
interspaces. Transverse posterior line marked by a series of small, 
obscure, blackish venular dots, outcurved over the cell. Subterminal 
line composed of a series of irregular, interspaceal, blackish marks. A 
series of rather obvious white dots terminates the veins, and a very 
obscure series of dusky spots marks the interspaces. Orbicular irreg- 
ular, oval, concolorous, obscurely and incompletely outlined by blackish 
scales. Reniform large, broad, incompletely outlined by black scales, 
among which a few white ones are interspersed: concolorous except for 
an oblique whitish streak through the lower half. Claviform a small 
blackish spot below the orbicular in the submedian interspace. Sec- 
ondaries evenly smoky, a trifle paler at base, fringes more whitish. 
Beneath gray, powdery, reddish tinted outwardly and along the costal 
mergin, a dusky outer line and a discal mark on all wings. 

Expanse, 38 mm. = 1.52 inches. 

Habitat. Florida;” Mrs. Slosson. 

The species resembles vecors and albolabes in wing form and habitus, 


476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


and is somewhat like punctifera in color, but it is larger than the latter 
and much more obscurely marked. It may be described from a more 
southern locality, but I have failed to recognize it. {f have only one 
good female example. 


76. PERIGEA TEXANA, new species. 


Ground color dirty fuscous brown, more or less black powdered. 
Head and thorax without definite markings. Primaries with all the 
normal maculation present; no prominent contrasts. Basal line single, 
black, followed by a somewhat paler shading, outwardly angulate on 
the median vein. Transverse anterior line black, single, generally bro- 
ken, usually preceded by a paler shading, outwardly oblique, broadly 
toothed. Transverse poster.or line single, black, slender, continuous, 
followed by a paler shade, irregular in course, but almost upright and 
only alittle bent over the cell. Subterminal line pale, broken, preceded 
by a blackish shading which becomes developed into a large triangular 
patch opposite the cell and forms the most prominent feature of the 
wing. Terminal space usually a little darker, as is also the median 
space, leaving the subterminal space the palest portion of the wimg. 
A series of narrow, dusky terminal lunules, cut by whitish dots on the 
veins. A narrow, dusky median shade extends from costa obliquely 
to the lower margin of the reniform, then parallel with the transverse 
posterior line to the margin; usually only the part below the reniform 
is obvious, but in some examples it can be traced its full course. Orbic- 
war variable in size and form, from triangular to round, always of the 
lighter ground color, narrowly outiined in black. Reniform upright, 
always of good size, somewhat variable, usually wide, a little con- 
stricted centrally, lower portion larger than the upper, a few white 
scales marking the lower angles. The space between these ordinary | 
spots is often darker and sometimes partly black. Claviform a little 
black loop at the end of an outward angulation of the transverse ante- 
rior line. Secondaries smoky, with a yellowish tinge, much paler at the 
base, fringes yellowish. Beneath pale, powdery, with a discal dot and 
narrow extra median line black; all well marked in some examples but 
almost completely absent in others. 

Expanse, 27 to 30 mm. = 1.03 to 1.20 inches. 

Habitat—Round Mountain (Schaupp); Shovel Mountain, Texas 
(Barnes). 

Kight males and one female, mostly in good condition, There is little 
real variation, though no two examples are alike. The ordinary spots 
differ in size and a little in shape; but the species remains obviously the 
same. It belongs to the series with rather short wings and stout body, 
like loculosa Grote, and really resembles a reduced Luperina rather 
than normal Perigeda. 

Type.—Cat, No. 4833, U.S.N.M. 


NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. AT] 


77. PERIGEA CONSORS, new species. 


Ground color a dull luteo-fuscous, more or less black powdered. 
Head and thorax immaculate. Primaries with cell before and between 
the ordinary spots more or less completely black filled. Basal line 
marked by black scales on the costa and vaguely traceable to the 
median vein. Transverse anterior line marked on the costa and by 
black scales which emphasize a difference in shade between basal and 
median space. In course it is a little oblique, strongly angulate or 
broadly toothed. Transverse posterior line narrow, blackish, irregular, 
followed by a paler shading. Subterminal line pale, preceded by a 
dusky shade which is broader opposite the cell. A broken dusky ter- 
minal line, veins pale tipped. A vague, narrow, median shade, 
marked on the costa and again below the reniform. Orbicular small 
in the specimens, irregular, tending to open to the costa. Reniform 
rather large, a little constricted centrally, larger below. Claviform 
small, outlined by blackish scales. Secondaries whitish, with a yellow 
tinge at base, with a broad smoky border and a sinall discal spot. 
Beneath pale, powdery, with a broken outer line and discal spots. 

-Expanse, 25 to 27 mm. = 1.00 to 1.08 inches. 

Habitat.—Pheenix, Arizona (Dr. Barnes). 

Two males and one female, all of them poor and at first sight resem- 
bling small, rubbed examples of P. texana. Vhey are, however, 
smaller throughout, and the black-filled cell is a conspicuous difference. 


78. CARADRINA LEUCORENA, new species. 


Ground color pale luteous, with a reddish tint. Head and thorax 
immaculate. Primaries with the reniform white marked, a dusky 
shading along median vein, sometimes to the base, giving a little the 
appearance of a Leucania. Transverse anterior line irregular, gemi- 
nate, broken, marked only by blackish scales, sometimes scarcely 
traceable. Transverse posterior line geminate, smoky, with the usual 
outcurve over the cell, thence rather evenly oblique, or only a little 
incurved. Outer line composed of small venular dots. Inner line may 
be continuous, slender, and crenulated, a series of interspaceal lunules, 
or a series of venular marks. Sometimes the line is scarcely traceable 
and it is never prominent. Subterminal line is an irregular, vague, 
paler shading, which may or may not be edged by darker scales. 
Fringes a little darker, sometimes obscurely cut with smoky, sometimes 
based by a series of small, blackish, interspaceal lunules, sometimes 
by white dots terminating the veins. Orbicular a round dot of the 
darker powdering, surrounded by a.ring of the even ground color; but 
it is always obscure and as often wanting. Reniform upright, narrow, 
centrally constricted, very obscure, except that the outer edge is partly 
white and the inferior portion is also white. Secondaries even, dull, 
pale smoky, with a yellowish tinge, lighter basally. Beneath paie, 


478 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIi. i 


creamy gray, with a reddish tinge, with or without an outer smoky line ~ 
and discal spot on one or both wings. 

Expanse, 28 to 38 mm.=1.12 to 1.52 inches. 

Habitat.—Los Angeles County, California, in September (U.S.N.M.); 
southern California (Barnes); Phoenix, Arizona, March 11 (Dr. Grif- 
fiths). 

Hight specimens, seven of them females, are before me, most of them 
in good condition. ‘The species is smoothly scaled and has somewhat: 
the appearance of the Eastern Platysenta vtdens, but it 1s much paler, 
much larger, broader winged, and with none of the sharp contrasts. 
Everything is vague, and even the white-marked reniform is not 
ageressively conspicuous. It has no very close allies in the genus to 
which I have referred it. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4832, U.S.N.M. 


79. HOMOHADENA CANDIDA, new species. 


Ground color white, more or less overlaid and mixed with smoky and 
black scales. Head with a broad, black stripe across the front. Col- 
lar, with a transverse line of black scales near base, then yellowish, 
smoky, white and smoky shades in succession. Disk powdered with 
smoky and blackish scales. Primaries with the ordinary maculation 
lost or changed to a strigate type. A black streak runs through the 
middle of the wing from base to outer margin. All the usual lines are 
indicated by oblique black lines across the costal region. Transverse 
anterior line marked on inner margin by an oblique blackish streak. 
Transverse posterior line indicated by black, venular, somewhat elon- 
gate dots. The outer portion of the wing is smoky, much darker 
toward the internal angle, and through this darker shading a paler 
subterminal line is vaguely traceable. There is a series of short, inter- 
spaceal black lives in the terminal region. Fringes very broad, inter- 
lined, cut with smoky. Ordinary spots not traceable. Secondaries 
white, semitransparent; a blackish terminal band, broadest at the 
apex, narrowing rapidly and lost a little beyond the middle. Beneath 
white, iridescent, primaries smoky along the costa and forming a broad 
outer band, secondaries with a smoky apex and a narrow terminal line. 

Expanse, 26 mm.~1.04 inches. 

Habitat.—Beeville, Texas, May 15 (i. A. Schwarz). 

A single female, which may not have its best place as a Homohadena. 
It resembles most nearly Oncocenmis atricollaris, but has unarmed fore- 
tibie. The specimen is in fair condition, but the thorax has been 
compressed, causing the collar to project hocd-like. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4814, U.S.N.M. 


80. GNCOCNEMIS CILIATA, new species. 


Ashen gray, with smoky streaks, shades, and powderings. Head 
black powdered in frout and on the vertex. Collar with a smoky and 


NO. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 479 


a blackish transverse line. Thorax irregularly powdered with gray, 
smoky and black scales. Primaries streaked with blackish, smoky and 
white, darkest through the upper half of the median space, with a 
dusky oblique shade at the apex and another at the internal angle. 
Median lines lost. Subterminal line indicated by a series of black and 
erdy streaks, disconnected centrally. A broken black terminal line 
at the base of the very long, even fringes, which are interlined with 
smoky, and cut with smoky and black. Claviform a long, broken black 
streak from base to the middle of the wing, margined on both sides 
with white scales. Orbicular oval, elongate, pointed basally, ringed 
with white, with smoky center. Reniform small, lunate, ringed with 
white and with a pale, central powdering. Secondaries smoky, with a 
vague reddish shading, paler at base. Beneath gray, powdery, with 
small discal spots, but without lines in the example before me. 

Expanse, 22 to 25 mm.=0.88 to 1.00 inch. 

Hatitat.—Colorado desert. 

Two females, neither of them in good condition, but with the macula- 
tion perfectly detined. This is the smallest of the stout species and 
belongs to the strigate series. I have had it for some years awaiting 
additional material, but have received none, and conelude that the 
species is very local. 


81. TRICHOPOLIA SERRATA, new species. 


Ground color a dull, dark, smoky brown, overlaying a luteous ground. 
Head and thorax dark brown, with a few luteous scales intermingled. 
Abdomen dull gray. Primaries with the maculation fairly evident, not 
contrasting. Basal line pale, the margins marked by scattered black 
scales, not well defined. Transverse anterior line geminate, nearly 
upright, ineluded space pale, outer line broken, black, slender, preced- 
ing line hardly darker than the ground. Transverse josterior line 
narrow and black, outer line smoky; in course, outcurved over the 
reniform and almost touching it, only a little drawn in, below. Sub- 
terminal line pale, irregular, broken, without obvious defining shades, 
the veins a little darker through subterminal and terminal spaces. 
Below vein 5a black bar crosses the subterminal space and is con- 
tinued, less obviously, to the outer margin beyond subterminal line. A 
series of black terminal lunules. Orbicular large, round or nearly so, 
of the paler ground color, black ringed. Reniform large, nearly round, 
of the pale ground color, black ringed. Claviform broad, pointed, 
extending nearly across the median space; of the darker, overlaying 
shade, black ringed. Secondaries white, with a narrow, smoky, ter- 
minal line. Beneath white, powdery along the costa, primary with a 
partial outer line; all wings with a blackish discal spot. 

Expanse, 25 to 28 mm. = 1.00 to 1.12 inches. 

Habitat.—Texas, without definite locality. Two males, of which one 
is in very good condition. The antenne are a little serrated, the pro- 


A480 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


jections tipped with bunches of bristly hair, front rugose, but hardly 

protuberant. We have now three species in this genus, one with pecti- 

nated, one with serrated, and one with simple male antenne. 
Type.—Cat. No. 4821, U.S.N.M. 


82. LEUCANIA VELUTINA, new species. 


Ground color reddish luteous, washed with red brown, especially 
beyond the middle of primaries. Thorax with a narrow, sharp crest; 
disk carneous. Palpi reddish gray above, deep velvety brown at the 
sides. Abdomen washed with carmine red. Primaries with an irreg- 
war, diffuse purplish shade along the submedian vein. Basal line 
vaguely indicated. Transverse anterior line narrow, single, yellowish, 
a little oblique outwardly to the middle, and then with a small angle 
a little oblique inwardly. Transverse posterior line forming an acute 
angle just below the costa, then evenly oblique to the hind margin; 
narrow, pale, margined on each side by darker red brown. Subter- 
minal line narrow, yellowish, irregular, preceded by a few small, 
obscure dark spots, the terminal space a little paler than the rest of 
the wing. Fringes rust red. A vague dusky median shade line is 
marked below the cell. Orbicular moderate in size, a little irregular, 
annulate with yellow. Keniform of good size, oblique, oblong, sides 


ais 


outlined in yellow, upper and lower margins obscure. Secondaries — 


semitransparent at base, blackish outwardly, with carmine, interlined 
fringes and a carmine wash on the disk. Under side of body velvety 
dark brown. Primaries brown with a carmine wash, with a blackish 
discal spot and a blackish outer line. Secondaries with a carmine 
powdering along costal margin, apex, and half of outer margin, with 
a broken, dusky outer line and a narrow discal spot. 

[ixpanse, 39 mm.=1.56 inches. 

Habitat.—Biscayne Bay, Florida (Mrs. Slosson). 

The species has the wing form of wnipuncta and its general build. 
The markings are all very narrow, thread-like, perfectly distinct, and 
yet not contrasting. In color and general appearance it is entirely 
unlike any of our described forms, though like some of the southern 
species, from which it seems to be also sufficiently distinet. 

The type and only specimen is a female, lacking antenna but other- 
wise in good condition. 


83. HIMELLA QUADRISTIGMA, new species. 


Ground color fawn gray, varying to reddish or darker according to 
the amount of dusky powdering. Head and thorax immaculate. Pri- 
maries with the ordinary spots black or blackish, contrasting, median 
lines simple, even, narrow, black, with or without an accompanying pale 
shade. Basai line simple, broken, blackish, with or without a following 
paler shade. Transverse anterior line outwardly oblique, a little out- 
curved, and a trifle drawn in on the subcostal and submedian veins, 


a 


1 


No. 1203, NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 48] 


with or without a preceding paler shading. Transverse posterior line 
outcurved over the cell, evenly oblique below, with or without a follow- 

- ing paler shade line. _ A series of black, terminal lunules, followed by 
a pale line at the base of the fringes. In the darker specimens a paler 

shade extends from the apex through the subterminal space, making a 
vague subterminal line by contrasting with the darker terminal region. 
Orbicular moderate in size, a little irregular, with or without a paler 

annulus, Reniform ale re, centrally constricted and larger below, 
with or without a pale annulus. Secondaries whitish, with a yellow 
tinge and a smoky terminal line. Beneath whitish, powdery, with a 
broken line and black diseal spot on all wings. 

Hxpanse, 27 to 30 mm.=1.08 to 1.20 inches. 

Habitat.—Blutt, Utah, May 30 (Mrs. H. M. Peabody); Santa Rita 
Mountains, Arizona, June 19 (HK. A. Schwarz). 

One male, three females, all from the U.S. National Museum. Like 
contrahens in type of maculation, but the lines are more even and the 
contrasting ordinary spots are characteristic. The variation is in the 
amount of dark overlaying scales which, when most abundant, leave 
a paler border to all the dark markings. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4781, U.S.N.M. 


SELICANIS, new genus. 


Head small, retracted; front smooth, flat, or with a blunt point. 
Tongue weak and short. Palpismall,not reaching the middle of the 
front, terminal joint small. Antenne of the male with joints marked 
with small tufts of cilia or single, longer, lateral bristles. Eyes naked. 
Thorax short, convex, subquadrate, with a small tuft behind the collar 
and a somewhat indefinite bunch at the base. Abdomen proportion- 
ately very long, exceeding the secondaries by one-third to one-half its 
length; without obvious tuftings. Legs short and stout in the male, 
clothed with dense bunches of hair and scales; in the female more 
sparsely clothed, without spinules or other horny armature. Thoracic 
vestiture consists of long, flattened, scale-like hairs. Wings propor- 
tionately short and narrow, with well-marked apices and obliquely 
arcuate outer margin. 

The genus seems to belong with the Orthosiids. Its type is cinereola, 
which is herewith described, and probably the species described as 
Anchocelis digitalis by Grote will also find a place here. Anchocelis 
has a cylindrical frontal protuberance and a spiral, functional tongue, 
which the new genus does not have. 


84. SELICANIS CINEREOLA, new species. 


Mouse gray to fawn brown, powdery, scales of thoracic vestiture 
often white tipped. Head and thorax without markings. Primaries 
with the median lines whitish, the median space obviously darker than 
the rest of the wing; narrow, unusually even and like a broad, dark, 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——31 


482 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


central band. Basal line not obvious. Transverse anterior line well — 
removed from base, a little outeurved, even, margined on each side by — 
a narrow smoky line. Transverse posterior line makes a little outward — 
bend below the costa and runs thence evenly and only a little oblique, 
margined on both sides with a narrow smoky line. Subterminal line, 
when best marked, whitish, a little diffuse, somewhat irregular, dis- 
located a short distance from costa, preceded by asmoky shading. From 
this to entire absence, all intergrades occur. Of the ordinary spots, 
the reniform is usually traceable by a line of whitish scales, but some- 
times all are absent. Secondaries varying from reddish to smoky gray, 
uniform, or only a little paler at the base. Beneath reddish to smoky 
gray, powdery, without markings in the examples before me. 

Expanse, 30 to 40 mm. = 1.20 to 1.60 inches. 

Habitat.—Denver, Colorado, October 12 (Oslar); Glenwood Springs, 
Colorado, October (Dr. Barnes). 

Three males and three females in fair condition. The species some- 
what resembles an exaggerated Telesilla, or a narrow-winged Plagio- 
mimicus; but the structural characters are, of course, distinctive. The 
variation is in size, in ground color, and in the degree of development 
of the subterminal line; and yet withal the species holds its char- 
acteristic appearance. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4831, U.S.N.M. 


ANE PISCHE@ZOS, new genus: 


Head moderate in size, hardly prominent. Eyes naked, large, hemi- 
spherical, prominent. Tongue normal. Palpi very long, exceeding the 
front by nearly the length of the thorax, transversely flattened, vesti- 
ture scaly and directed toward both edges, middle joint much the 
longest, projecting straight forward or a little oblique, terminal joint 
less than one-half as long as the second, clothed in the same way, 
directed obliquely upward. Front with a long pointed tuft, extending 
forward over the base of the palpi. Antenne of the male with long 
lateral bristles. Thorax and abdomen untufted, the former with 
smooth, scaly vestiture. Legs rather long, closely scaled, unarmed 
except for the usual spurs on the tibie. Primaries triangular, short, 
broad, with acute apex and arcuate, oblique, outer border. 

At first sight this seems a Deltoid genus, but the venation of the 
secondaries is strictly 3-1id, though vein 5 is fairly developed. The 
palpi have the scales projecting beyond the edges both above and below, 
forming a two-edged member and thus differing in a second essential. 
We have no previously described genera with which this might be best 
allied, and, pending further discoveries, this might be associated with 
Doryodes, ete. 


85. ANEPISCHETOS BIPARTITA, new species. 


Ground color a pale, inuteous brown. Head and thorax with an 
admixture of gray. Primaries with an even, oblique white line, start- 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. A83 


ing from the costa about three-fourths from base and ending at about 
the middle of the inner margin. Within this, the wing is uniform, 
yellow brown. Beyond the white line is a pale shade which merges 
gradually into an obscure dusky or smoky shading. A subterminal 
line of brown spots is traceable through this shading, in most speci- 
mens. The orbicular is indicated by a black dot. There is a brown 
line at the base of the fringes. Secondaries, uniform smoky brown. 
Beneath, smoky, immaculate. 

Expanse, 17 to 19 mm.=0.68 to 0.76 inch. 

Habitat.—Key West, Florida. 

Four males are before me and I haveseen others. The species seems 
to be not uncommon, and may have been described as a Deltoid, which 
it resembles as well in the simple maculation as in the wing form and 
abnormally developed palpi. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4815, U.S.N.M. 


DIALLAGMA, new genus. 


Head moderate in size, front broad, littie convex, not tufted. An- 
tenn in the male well ciliated, with longer, bristle-like hair on each 
side of each joint; in the female simple. Tongue normal. Eyes 
naked, moderate in size, not prominent. Palpi disproportionately 
stout and long, straight or somewhat oblique, exceeding the head by 
its own length; second joint longest, a little arcuate above, clothed 
with scales directed downward and longer at the tip, so that this is 
very broad when viewed from the side. As the joint is also thickened 
laterally, the palpi diverge and do not form a snout. Terminal joint 
short, stout, subequal, straight or a little oblique upwardly. Thorax 
small, convex, vestiture scaly,.close, forming no tufts. Abdomen well 
exceeding anal angle of secondaries, untufted. Legs unarmed except 
for the usual spurs, which are long and stout, vestiture scaly and, 
though close, quite thick, so that the tibize especially seem heavy. 
Primaries rather long, moderate in width, widening rather evenly from 
base, apex rectangular, outer margin even, fringes long. Venation 
normal. Secondaries proportionate. Vein 5 well marked though 
weaker than the others, from the cross vein rather close to 4, but not 
forming a branch of the median. 

As a whole the moths are somewhat slender and narrow-winged 
closely sealed, and most marked by the heavy palpi. The genus seems 
best related to the Eucalypterid series at present. 


86. DIALLAGMA LUTEA, new species. 


Ground color clay yellow, smooth, with rough black powderings from 
which the markings are formed. Head a little more yellow on the ver- 
tex, palpi chocolate brown at the sides, collar and disk of thorax irro- 
rate with brown; but not otherwise ornamented. Primaries with all 
the lines blackish and more or less broken, a large quadrate blackish 
patch in the middle of the wing, just beyond the transverse anterior 


A84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


line, forming the most prominent feature. Basal line forming trian- 
gular blackish brown costal spot. Transverse anterior line upright 
or nearly so, blackish, broken, diffuse. Transverse posterior line black- 
ish, broken, single, abruptly and somewhat squarely exserted oyer the 
cell, followed by a slightly paler shade. Subterminal space darkening 
to a blackish shade, which marks the subterminal line by the contrast 
with the paler terminal space; this line only a little irregular. The 
terminal space itself becomes somewhat darker to the margin, on which 
is a series of black, interspaceal dots, the fringes marked by dusky 
cloudings opposite the veins. Orbicular a distinct, round, black dot. 
Reniform very obscure, and indicated only by a variable number of 
black scales. Secondaries smoky, immaculate. Beneath variable; pri- 
maries blackish, with a pale subterminal shading, and this varies to an 
almost even, smoky gray; secondaries whitish, with a discal spot, a 
median, an extra-median, and a terminal band smoky brown or blackish, 
the fringes cut with dirty white and smoky. 

Expanse, 19 to 21 mm.—0.76 to 0.84 inch. 

Habitat.—Charlotte Harbor (Mrs. Slosson); Archer, Florida, July 3 
(Koebele); September (U.S.N.M.). 

Several specimens, representing both sexes, are before me, and I have 
seen others. The species seems to be rather common in some portions 
of Florida, and is not subject to variation except in the relative distinet- 
ness of the black markings. The quadrate dusky patch in the middle 
of the basal third of the primary is characteristic. 

Type.—Cat. No, 4834, U.S.N.M. 


cd 


HELIODES Guenée. 


Thus far no representatives of this genus have been described from 
our fauna; but I have now before me two species that seem to fit per- 
fectly to Lederer’s characterization. The moths are small, plump, with 
fine, loose vestiture, and short, trigonate primaries. Head with a pro- 
tuberant, bulging front, with a naval-shaped depression in which is a 
short pointed process. Palpi reaching this process, the terminal joint 
a little oblique, with rough, hairy vestiture. yes narrow, small, naked. 
Tongue normal. Antennz in both sexes simple. Tibize without spinu- 
lation or other armature, save the usual spurs; legs short, stout, with 
heavy clothing of scales and hair, not tufted. In habitus the species 
resemble Melicleptria. 


87. HELIODES ANGELICA, new species. 


Ground color of head and thorax black, the fluffy vestiture yellowish 
and sometimes with a carmine shading. Abdomen black, terminal seg- 
ment yellow. Primaries with a blackish ground, over which there is a 
more or less obvious carmine shading, sometimes making the wing abso- 
lutely carmine and sometimes leaving it almost black. An oblique 
yellow band, made up of two contiguous spots, crosses the primaries 


- 


No. 1208. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. A85 


beyond the middle. These spots are usually joined, but they may be 
entirely separated and even reduced to smail dots. In some specimens 
a yellowish subterminal line is traceable, and in one example it is com- 
plete; in another there is no sign of it. There may be a yellow or gray 
shading on the costa in the basal space, and there is usually one on the 
costa just before the apex. Secondaries black, fringes yellowish, with 
two oblong, yellow spots, which may be united so as to form an incom- 
plete median band, may be reduced to mere dots, or may be entirely 
absent. Beneath black, the spots of the upper side reproduced in 
white. 

Expanse, 14 to 16 mm. = 0.56 to 0.64 inch. 

Habitat.—Los Angeles County, California, in May. 

Three males and three females, all from the U.S. National Museum 
collection. The line of variation has been indicated in the description, 
and itis not improbable the altogether immaculate examples may occur. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4818, U.S.N.M. 


88. HELIODES RESTRICTALIS, new species. 


Ground color of head and thorax black, more or less overlaid by 
white or yellow scales and by yellow fluffy hair. Abdomen with a ecar- 
mine tinge, which is most obvious laterally, terminal segment yellowish 
brown. Primaries black, overlaid by carmine, with a tendency to a 
covering of whitish scales in the basal space. Median space yellowish 
or whitish, broken by the large reniform, which is of the ground color. 
Fringes blackish, smoky. Secondaries black, immaculate in one exam- 
ple, with a white spot, a little above the middle, in the other. Beneath 
black, primaries with two, secondaries with one white spot. 

Expanse, 13 to 14 mm. = 0.52 to 0.56 inch. 

Habitat.—Butte County, California (Coquillett). 

One male and one female, in fair condition only, from the U. 8. 
National Museum. It is impossible to say just what is the range of 
variation in this species, but it does not tend in the direction of angelica. 
It will probably tend to a broader, pale median space, in which the 
reniform may be completely surrounded. The body beneath is brightly 
clothed with yellow on the breast, while the venter is carmine except 
at the base. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4817, U.S.N.M. 


NARTHECOPHORA, new genus. 


Eyes naked, hemispherical, large, somewhat prominent. Antenne 
in both sexes simple, feebly ciliated. Tongue weak and soft, but of 
moderate length. Palpi very small, drooping, almost aborted. Head 
with clypeus turned up to form a projecting rim, front produced into 
an oblique plate, the lateral corners of which are drawn out into points; 
the vertex continued forward into a keel, surmounting the frontal plate 
and projecting in a point some distance beyond it. Seen when the vesti- 


sa 


A86 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, _ VOL. XXII. 


ture is complete, it seems like three corneous points, the central longer 
and a little above the others. Thorax rather small, oval, convex, the 
vestiture thin, mostly hairy, forming no definite tuftings. Abdo- 
men conic, well exceeding the anal angle of secondaries, smoothly 
sealed. Legs moderate in length, proportionate, smoothly scaled, 
tibie not spinulated, anterior with a slender curved claw at tip. Wings 
moderate, seeming rather frail, because their peculiar maculation gives 
them a thinly scaled appearance. Primaries long, the costa scarcely 
convex, apex somewhat drawn out, outer margin oblique and arcuate. 
Secondaries proportionate, vein 5 a very strong fold, almost midway 
between 4 and 6. 

The genus resembles Acopa in habitus and general appearance, and — 
belongs with it. In frontal structure it resembles Tristyla; but the 
vestiture is not scaly and the tibial armature and weak tongue will 
separate it. 


89. NARTHECOPHORA PULVEREA, new species. 


Ground color a somewhat reddish luteous, evenly powdered with 
blackish scales, so separated that the ground color showing through, 
makes the wing seem semitransparent. Head and thorax immaculate. 
Primaries with a broad, somewhat diffuse band, even or toothed at the 
middle, representing the transverse anterior line. A similar, more dif- 
fuse, narrower, bisinuate band represents the transverse posterior line. 
Reniform a white crescent at the end of the discal cell. Secondaries, 
more whitish, somewhat silky, immaculate, a little more dusky out- 
wardly. Beneath, silky reddish-gray, immaculate, save that on the 
primaries the white reniform shows through from the upper side. 

_Expanse, 21 to 23 mm. = 0.84 to 0.92 inch. 

Habitat.—Tueson, Arizona, July 19, 20, 21. 

Two males and two females, very much alike, save that the females 
are a trifle darker and better marked. The species is so simply orna- 
mented that it should be easily recognizable, even aside from the strong 
generic characters. The examples were taken by Mr. H. A. Schwarz, 
and are from the collection of the United States National Museum. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4783, U.S.N.M. 


PALADA, new genus. 


Head small, closely applied to thorax, though hardly sunken. Front 
rough and protuberant, clothed with short, stiff vestiture. Tongue 
normal. Eyes naked, reniform. Palpi reaching to the middle of front, 
second joint densely clothed, terminal joint short, oblique, obtuse. 
Thorax plump, with a layer of close scales, over which is a fluffy, thin, 
hairy vestiture. Abdomen conic, reaching to the anal angle of the 
hind wings. Legs short, stout, clothed with scales and long hair, tibice 
not spinulated, anterior short and broad; at the tip the inner angle is 
prolonged into a horny, claw-like process; the outer into a short, blunt 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. A87 


spur. Wingsshort and stiff; primaries with the costal margin sinuate, 
distinctly depressed at its middle, apex acute, drawn out, outer mar- 
gin evenly oblique, fringes long, margins even; secondaries, rounded, 
proportionate. 

This little genus of Heliothids is allied to Melicleptria, from which it 
differs by the lack of tibial spinules. The short, broad fore-tibia, the 
protuberant rough front, and the sinuate costa of the primaries form a 
combination that separates it from the other allied forms. 


go. PALADA SCARLETINA, new species. 


Head and thorax black, clothed with fluffy light-yellowish hair that 
gives a hoary effect on a good specimen. Abdomen black, terminal 
segmentluteous. Primaries with basal and subterminal spaces tawny 
to deep smoky brown, median and terminal spaces luteous, the latter 
very narrow, the former superiorly shaded with tawny or smoky. The 
lines are marked by the contrasts in the shading of the spaces. Trans- 
verse anterior outcurved, the edges a little irregular; transverse pos- 
terior evenly bisinuate; subterminal irregular and very close to outer 
margin. Fringes purplish to smoky. MReniform vaguely indicated by 
a somewhat darker shade. Secondaries, evenly black. Beneath, pri- 
maries scarlet, verging to purple, black at base, yellow at the apex; 
secondaries black, with a brown tinge. Breast yellowish, venter red 
brown, the apex yellow. 

Expanse, 17 to 20 mm. = 0.68 to 0.80 inch. 

Habitat.—California; San Diego County, California; Utah. 

Two males and one female, only the latter in really good condition; 
the examples received at long intervals. The two males are the smaller 
and darker, one of them having been in my old collection twelve years 
ago. The species is so strongly marked that it does not seem possible 
to mistake it. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4816, U.S.N.M. 


sot. SCHINIA RENIFORMIS, new species. 


Head and thorax white, vestiture hairy over a scaly base. Primaries 
white at base, merging gradually into a broad transverse anterior band 
of a greenish-gray color, which forms an outward acute angle below the 
median vein. Median space white. Subterminal space greenish gray 
or olivaceous, the margins even, broadest on costa, outwardly curved 
over the cell and then very even to the inner margin. Subterminal 
line broad, white, very even. Terminal space greenish gray, even. 
Fringes white, cut at the tips with greenish gray. Reniform large, 
greenish gray, oblique, centrally constricted. Secondaries white, with 
a variably wide smoky outer band, through which there may be a 
white shade line. Sometimes there is a smoky discal spot. Beneath, 
with the maculation of the upper side reproduced except for the basal 
band of the primaries. 


488 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSECM. VOL, XXIL. 


Expanse, 20 to 25 mm. = 0.80 to 1.00 inch. 

Habitat.—Colorado (Bruce); Denver, June 20 (Oslar). 

Six specimens, evenly divided as to sex, and I have seen others. The 
species is allied to cumati/is in appearance and has been confused with 
it; but it is obviously distinet by the large, prominent reniform and 
the very even margins of all the maculation. The gray color has the 
appearance of being veiled by a faint wash of white. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4824, U.S.N.M. 


92. SCHINIA OCULATA, new species. 


Head and collar yellowish, the latter with brown powderings. Disk of 
thorax white, with yellow mottlings. Primaries at base creamy, with 
ocherous mottlings. The broad median space silvery white, without 
band, but with a large kidney-shaped reniform, which is ocherous and 
emphasized with black scales. Subterminal and terminal spaces creamy, 
the subterminal a trifle more gray, at and below the apex a brownish 
patch. A series of small, brown, terminal lunules, becoming lost toward 
the hinder angle. Costa over the reniform, creamy. Secondaries with 
a yellowish tint, with a broad, smoky, outer margin. Beneath, primaries 
with the disk blackish, inner and costal margins yellowish, a yellowish 
subterminal line, and a large blackish diseal spot. Secondaries white 
with a yellow tinge. 

Expanse, 23 mm. ==0.92 inch. 

Habitat.—Rio Verde Mountains, Pheenix, Arizona, August, Dr. Barnes. 

One defective male and one good female. Differs obviously and at 
once from the other silvered species by the absence of a median band. 


93. SCHINIA CILIATA, new species. 


Head yellow in front. Vertex and thorax a mixture of creamy and 
tusty brown scales, vestiture somewhat loose. Primaries ocherous, 
mixed with deep rust brown at base. Then silvery white to a broad 
median band which is similarly ocherous and brown, outwardly a little 
bent on the cell, and separated by a narrow silver line from a broadly 
oval, brown reniform. Beyond this band and reniform spot the wing 
is again Silvery to the powdery, rusty brown, broken, subterminal line, 
beyond which it is creamy white. There is a rusty brown spot on the 
margin below the apex, and a series of brown terminal marks extends 
halfway to the hind angle. Secondaries white, with a narrow, slightly 
dusky outer margin. Beneath, primaries blackish, except along inner 
margin and at apex. Secondaries white, with a blackish spot at the 
inner third of outer margin. 

Expanse, 22 mm. = 1 inch. 

Habitat—Hot Springs, New Mexico, 7,000 feet altitude, August. 
Collection of George D. Hulst. 

One female in excellent condition. This specimen has been in my 
hands nearly ten years awaiting a mate. As none has arrived, it may 


No, 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. 489 


be fairly considered as rather rare or at least local. It has a median 
band like conchula, but has also a separate reniform and evident sub- 
terminal line. 

We have now four species referred to Schinia which are largely sil- 
vered on the primaries and would be classed as Tricopis if Grote’s 
generic term could beused. These are conchula Felder anit Rogenhofer 
(chrysellus Grote), aleucis Harvey, oculata Smith, and ciliata Smith. 
The two former are narrower winged and the primaries are more 
pointed than in the latter. In conchula there is no reniform and the 
median band is angulated so as to inelude the space that should be 
occupied by it. In ciliata there is a similar band, but outside of, and 
separated from it, is a large reniform. In alewcis the median band is 
upright, the reniform is entirely separated, the terminal and part of the 
subterminal spaces are dusky, and there is a triangular, silver, ante- 
apical spot on the costa. Finally, the reniform is very large and prom- 
inently contrasting. No effort has been made to ascertain what differ- 
ences there may be in tibial armature. The fact that the term chry- 
sellus Grote must yield to conchula Felder and Rogenhofer has been 
recently pointed out by Mr. Strecker. 


TRIPUDIA LUDA Druce. 
Agrophila luda Druck#, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Heterocera, IT, 1898, p. 491, pl. xcrv, fig. 25. 


Five specimens of this species are before me; two of them from 
Sonora, Mexico, 40 niles from the Arizona line; two marked “ Ariz.,” 
without other information, and one, taken by Mr. E. A. Schwarz, marked 
Tucson, Arizona, May 18, 1898. It seems probable that this will prove 
not uncommon on both sides of the border. 

The original reference to Agriphila can hardly be sustained if Leder- 
er’s limitation of the genus is correct. The genera of this series need 
further study; but for the present I prefer to change the reference 
originally made by Mr. Druce te Tripudia, because the species seems 
congeneric with our species, and because I have two others which I 
prefer to describe under that head. 


94. TRIPUDIA BALTEATA, new species. 


Head and thorax ashen gray, the disk and posterior tuft of scales a 
little darker. Abdomen with rather a prominent dark scale tuft on the 
third segment, yellowish at base. Primaries ash gray at base, followed 
by a broad, oblique, bright luteous band which extends to the middle 
of the wing. This is followed by ashen gray, with a brownish overlay 
to the paler gray fringes. The outer edge of the yellow band is mar- 
gined by a black line which, on the cell, forms an outward loop to 
include the reniform shading and merges with the transverse posterior 
line. The latter is single, black, and below its merger with the line 
previously described is irregularly angulate. The subterminal space is 
shaded with brown, the subterminal line being indicated by pale, rather 


490 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


pinkish shadings which are irregular and disconnected. The terminal 
space is gray, with a broken black line at the base of the gray and brown 
mottled fringes. Secondaries smoky brown, paler at base. Beneath pale 
reddish luteous, secondaries more whitish, both powdery and darker 
shaded along the costal margin. 

Expanse, 14 to 15 mm. = 0.56 to 0.60 inch. 

Habitat.—Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, May 29 and June 16, Mr. 
KE. A. Schwarz. 

Two females in good condition. The species is very characteristic 
and should be recognizable. It resembles the 7. flavofasciata of Grote. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4780, U.S.N.M. 


95. TRIPUDIA LUXURIOSA, new species. 


Head and thorax silver gray, with darker, reddish brown scales 
intermixed, disk and posterior bunch of scales on thorax, brown; 
abdomen gray with yellow tinge. Primaries silver gray at base to the 
transverse anterior line, which is single, brown, broken and irregular, 
the basal line being traceable over the costal region by pinkish seales. 
From the transverse anterior line to the inner edge of. the brown median 
shade the space is whitish, shaded with pink, basally. The median 
band is brown, edged with black scales, twice dentate on each side, the 
teeth being opposite, so that we have two constrictions and three 
expansions. Silvery scales edge this band outwardly and lighter scales 
extend to the deeply sinuate transverse posterior line, which is brown, 
incomplete, and single. Subterminal line silvery white or creamy, 
irregular, with two square insets, which are silvery, and three blocks of 
blackish scales above, between and below these insets. Apex brick 
red, rest of terminal space reddish brown. The long fringes are irregu- 
larly mottled and marbled with black, gray, and brown. Orbicular 
barely indicated by dusky scales before a constriction of the median 
band; the reniform better marked by an indefined dusky spot beyond 
it. Secondaries smoky brown, the fringes more gray. Beneath yellow- 
ish, mottled with black. 

Expanse, 11 to 13 mm. = 0.44 to 0.52 inch. 

Habitat.—Arizona; Santa Rita Mountains, Arizona, June 14, 1898 
(BH. A. Schwarz). ick 

Two females; one of them, taken by Mr. Schwarz, very fresh, the 
other, an old example, a little faded and without definite locality. The 
description is from the fresh example, which is really very handsome 
and richly colored. This species should also extend into Mexico, but 
has not been recognized as described. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4779, U.S.N.M. 


THALPOCHARES DARIA Druce. 
T alpochares daria Druck, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Heterocera, IT, 1898, p. 497, pl. xcv,fig.29. 


This seems to be rather a common species in the southwestern United 
States. I have it from several points in Texas, from as many collectors; 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH. AQ] 


from Hot Springs, New Mexico, 7,000 feet altitude (Hulst collection); 
Oracle, Arizona, July 7(H. A. Schwarz), and some point in Southern Cal- 
ifornia, from Dr, H. H. Behr. The type lecality is Jalapa, Mexico. The 
specimens vary somewhat in the amount of contrast and in the ground 
color; but in general they are lighter or darker ashen gray, the reniform 
ereamy or whitish, the light shade extending to the costa and forming 
a triangular contrasting blotch which will call attention to the species. 

The generic reference is questionable if our own species of Thalpo- 
chares are correctly referred. 


PARORA, new genus. 


Head rather small, well applied to the head, though hardly retracted. 
Byes naked, hemispherical, not prominent. Palpi long, obliquely pro- 
jecting beyond the head by more than its own length; second joint 
longest and evenly thickened; third slender, cylindrical, rounded at 
the tip. Front only a little convex, with a short, pointed, hairy tuft. 
Tongue strong, normally developed. Thorax rather short, quadrate, 
only a little convex, with close scaly vestiture. All the tibiz unarmed, 
except for the usual spurs. Abdomen cylindric, smoothly scaled, a 
little exceeding the anal angle. Primaries broad, costa and inner 
margin arched, apex rectangular, the outer margin a trifle excavated 
below it and a little produced at the middle. Secondaries proportion- 
ate, vein 5 as strong as any other, but from the cross vein and well 
removed from 4, not really forming part of the median series. 

The genus at first sight tends to the Erebiid or Poaphilid series, but 
the moderate discal cell and the location of vein 5 of the secondaries 
indicates its place to be a little higher in the series. 


96. PARORA TEXANA, new species. 


Ground color a very pale luteous. Head and collar chocolate brown, 
thorax with a somewhat paler brown discal stripe, which may become 
partly lost. Primaries without strong contrasts, the most prominent 
mark being a smoky cloud which extends from the reniform to the 
transverse posterior line or a little beyond it. Transverse anterior line 
narrow, brown, upright or a little oblique, with three almost even sin- 
uations. Median shade line a little broader, but more diffuse at the 
edges, darker, parallel with the transverse anterior line and a little 
within the middle of the wing. Transverse posterior line slender, 
blackish, followed by a paler shade, defined outwardly by a few dark 
scales, so that the line seems geminate. In course it is broadly outcurved 
over the cell, and only a little drawn in, in the submedian interspace. 
Subterminal line lunulate, slender, dark, preceded by a pale yellow 
liiie at the base of the fringes. Orbicular a small blackish dot. Reni- 
form moderate in size, upright, a little constricted in the middle, 
yellow. Secondaries smoky with a reddish shading, a little paler at 
base. Beneath more yellow, practically immaculate. 


492, PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


Expanse, 26.to 27 mm.=1.48 to 1.52 inches. 

Habitat.—Brownsville, Texas, June 11 (Townsend); San Diego, 
Texas, June 12 (Schwarz); Corpus Christi, Texas (Dr. Barnes). 

Three females, two of them from the U.S. National Museum. None 
of the examples are perfect, but on all of them the characters are well 
recognizable. The markings are not well written and the only notable 
feature is the dark shading of the primaries just beyond the reniform, 
which in one example extends almost to the apex. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4777, U.S.N.M. 


97. SYNEDOIDA SUBTERMINA, new species. 


Ground color pale luteous, varying to grayish. Head and thorax 
immaculate. Palpi with second joint black at base. Antenna with a 
rosy flush outwardly. Primaries with costa a little reddish, vestiture 
smooth and even. Basal line single, black, broken on the cell, con- 
trasting. Transverse anterior line marked by a black or blackish cos- 
tal spot, and beyond that reduced to scattered black powderings. 
Transverse anterior line geminate on the costa, smoky, traceabie as a 
very narrow thread over the cell and then Jost. Subterminal line dis- 
tinct, broad, yellow, a little sinuate, marked by preceding black points 
and scales. A dusky oblique shade from vein 6 to the apex. A series 
of more or less obvious terminal dots on the veins. Orbicular wanting. 
Reniform blackish, upright, narrow, inner margin straight, outer a 
little incurved, forming the most prominent feature of the wing. Sec- 
ondaries whitish at base, darkening to a blackish outer border, the 
fringes smoky. Beneath pale, reddish powdery, all wings with a discal 
spot. 

Expanse, 35 to 37 mm.=1.40 to 1.48 inches. 

Habitat.—San Diego County, California. 

Two females in good condition, one of them with a grayish bloom 
over the luteous ground. The species somewhat resembles Tenio- 
campa at first sight, and is most nearly allied to the Taniocampa vegeta 
of Morrison, which is the Cissusa spadix of Cramer. The obvious sub- 
terminal line, contrasting reniform, and otherwise lost maculation will 
serve to distinguish this species. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4830, U.S.N.M. 


ANTIBLEMMA Hibner. 


Two species referred to this genus are in our lists: ineracta Walker= 
canalis Grote, which ranges from New York into the West Indies, and 
guttula Henry Edwards, so far only recorded from Georgia. The two 
species are similar, guttula having a very large bluish reniform which 
gives it at first glance a strikingly different appearance from ineracta; 
yet the resemblance in other directions is close. Among the specimens 
- that I have been placing with inexacta, I find aseries of four examples, 
male and female, which are uniformly smaller, much darker in ground 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH 493 


color, and with the primaries much less excavated below the apex. 
These I am unable to identify with any other described form and have 
named minorata. Allare from Florida. Another specimen, from Ari- 
zona, is yet different, the ground color becoming bluish gray, while a 
darkening of the space between the median shade and the transverse 
posterior line forms a broad smoky band which crosses both wings; 
this I have called fasciata. The secondary sexual characters are the 
same in each instance so far as appears by a superficial examination. 


98. ANTIBLEMMA MINORATA, new species. 


Ground color a somewhat dull fawn brown, more or less black pow- 
dered. Head and collar chocolate brown or darker, thorax and abdo- 
men concolorous. Primaries sometimes quite even, sometimes strongly 
powdered, the maculation variably evident. Transverse anterior line 
slender, blackish, inwardly oblique, outcurved in the interspaces, 
rarely complete. Transverse postérior line nusty yellow, preceded and 
sometimes followed by a blackish line or shade, with a long, acute 
angle between veins 6 and 7, inwardly oblique and a little incurved to 
the inner margin, one-third from the inner angle. Subterminal line a 
series of more or less diffuse, interspaceal spots in a bisinuate course; 
sometimes connected by a dusky shade which may fill the space between 
transverse posterior and subterminal lines to the angle in the former. 
The shade may then be continued from this angle to the apex, making 
an apparently straight line from apex to the hind margin. Median 
shade blackish, diffuse, a little irregular, angulated on the cell, more 
or less broken. Orbicular a small black dot, more or less completely 
margined by white scales. Reniform moderate in size, irregular, some- 
times scarcely defined, sometimes black and contrasting. Secondaries 
with a median line which is a continuation of the transverse posterior 
line of the primaries. The median shade of primaries crosses the sec- 
ondaries at basal third and is broken or obscure; in one case only an 
elongate spot near the inner margin. Subterminal line similar to that 
of primaries and as variable, but a little farther from the margin. 
Here also the subterminal space is sometimes dark filled, so as to form 
a broad band. ‘There is a small, black, discal dot. Beneath paler, 
more irrorate and powdery, with a scalloped, irregular, outer line, a 
black dot representing the orbicular, and discal spots on both wings, 
and a white, linear spot representing the reniform on primaries. 

Expanse, 28 to 29 im.=1.12 to 1.16 inches. 

Habitat.—Florida, April and June 15 (Hulst); Glenwood, Florida 
(Barnes). 

Two males and two females; none of them in good condition and no 
two alike. In one ease the powdering is almost wanting and the reni- 
form is contrasting. In another the maculation is almost all wanting; 
a third has the subterminal space on both wings dark filled, while the 
fourth has this shading broken into spots. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4838, U.S.N.M. 


494 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


99. ANTIBLEMMA FASCIATA, new species. 


Ground color, mouse gray with a bluish tinge. Head and collar 
defective in the specimen before me, but apparently not red brown. 
Thorax and abdomen concolorous. Transverse anterior line red brown, 
slender, single, very evenly zigzaged, inwardly oblique. Transverse pos- 
terior line very narrowly yellow, margined on each side with chocolate 
brown for its entire course, which is asin minorata. Median shade broad, 
blackish, a little diffuse, as a whole parallel with the transverse poste- 
rior line, the intervening space between the two brown filled; lightly 
so on costa, densely so toward the inner margin. A brown shade 
extends from the angle of the transverse posterior line to the apex. 
Subterminal line an irregular series of interspaceal blackish marks, 
varying in size and shape, forming a dusky shading opposite the anal 
angle and another opposite the cell. Orbicular a blackish dot. Reni- 
form obscured in the median shade’ band. Secondaries with the trans- 
verse posterior line of primaries continued across at the middle, the 
median shade crossing at one-third from base, the interval brown filled 
and with a central discal black dot. Subterminal line crossing as an 
irregular, dark, broken, diffuse shade, best marked just above the anal 
angle. Beneath, reddish gray, powdery, disk of primaries darker, more 
powdery, with a white discal spot on all wings. 

Expanse, 29 mm.=1.16 inches. 

Habitat.—Arizona; Hulst collection. 

The type, belonging to the Rutgers College collection, is a male in 
rather poor condition, but so obviously distinct that description seems 
warranted. 

100. BOMOLOCHA VEGA, new species. 


Ground color smoky brown, powdery. Head and thorax unicolored 
darker brown. Palpi oblique, a little curved in all my specimens. 
Abdomen pale, smoky. Primaries as a whole darker to the median 
shade, thence with a somewhat more luteous, paler shade; interrupted 
in some examples by a darker subterminal shade. Transverse anterior 
line upright, irregular, broad, diffuse, only a little darker, preceded by 
a paler shade. Transverse posterior line irregular, indistinct, smoky, 
outcurved over the cell, with a small inward sinuation below. Median 
shade somewhat irregularly sinuate, best marked by the difference in 
color between it and the paler following shade. Subterminal line very 
irregular, toothed, angulated and sinuate, black, broken, preceded by 
black scale shadings varying in extent, but never great. A series of 
pale, terminal, interspaceal somewhat lunate spots. Fringes with a 
pale interline, beyond which they are cut with light and darker shades. 
Orbicular small, round, dusky, not defined and hardly contrasting. 
Reniform is an indefined, pale oval, at the end of the cell. Secondaries 
even, smoky. Beneath, even, rather pale smoky, all wings with a dis- 
cal spot. 


No. 1203. NEW NOCTUID MOTHS—SMITH, A95 


Expanse, 30 to 33 mm.=1.20 to 1.32 inches. 

Habitat—Las Vegas, New Mexico (Bolter); Lower California 
(Barnes). 

Four males in good or fair condition and much alike, save for the 
difference in the amount of contrast between the shadings. The 
species belongs to the series with complete median lines. but has no 
close allies in the described forms. 

Type.—Cat. No. 4820, U.S.N.M. 


A NEW BIRD OF PARADISE, 
IBAY JRO lob, Net (Oiuneyrda = 1Bs5\ ale 


In looking over the Museum series of Paradiseidze, Mr. J. H. Fleming, 
of Toronto, who has made a study of this family, noticed a specimen of 
Cicinnurus which, as he pointed out, differs from the King Bird of 
Paradise, Cicinnurus regius (Linneus), in several important partic- 
ulars. Through the kindness of Mr. Robert Ridgway, Curator of the 
Division of Birds, Iam enabled to present a description of this beautiful 
species, which I propose to call the Crimson Bird of Paradise. 


CICINNURUS LYOGYRUS,!' new species. 


Specific characters.—Differs from C. regius (Linnzeus) in having the 
pectoral shield nearly four times as long as in the latter, almost as long 
as broad; frontal plumes shorter, not projecting forward beyond 
middle of bill and not obscuring contour of skull; tail emarginate 
instead of rounded; outer web at end of central tail-shafts only two- 
thirds as wide near base, the width uniform for the greater portion of 
its length, instead of narrowing rapidly to tip, much more loosely 
coiled, the apical portion of naked, crossed tail-shafts divergent instead 
of convergent. The crimson of back is darker, crown and forehead 
orange-vermilion instead of orange-chrome; pectoral tufts darker and 
subterminal buff line on each plume much narrower, darker, and less 
conspicuous; pectoral shield, except a narrow edging on lower border, 
and tips of central tail-feathers grass-green instead of emerald-green, 
and tips of pectoral plumes yellowish emerald-green instead of gold- 
green. The primaries are also a duller orange-rufous. 

Description.—Above glossy crimson, darker than in C. regius, the 
head pale orange-vermilion; feathers of the crown and forehead short, 
not obscuring the contour of the skull, the frontal feathers not extend- 
ing forward beyond middle of bill; a dark green, almost black, spot 
above and bordering the eye. Throat, and sides of head and neck, 
dull crimson with purplish reflections, the feathers on lower border of 
throat narrowly tipped with buff, forming a convex line; fore neck and 
upper breast with a broad shield of metallic grass-green 65 millimeters 
in length, the feathers of lower border narrowly tipped with metallic 


‘Ave, Lloose; ytpos, whorl, referring to the tips of central tail-shafts. 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII, No. 1204. 
Proce. N. M. vol. xxii 32 497 


A98 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NA TIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXL. 


emerald-green; on each side of upper breast is a tuft of long, apiecally- 
rounded, broccoli brown plumes, most of which are tipped with brilliant 
metallic yellowish emerald-green, each feather with a very narrow, 
inconspicuous buff line and a second, still narrower, coppery-brown 
one just before the green tip; outer webs of some of these plumes slightly 
washed with orange-rufous near base; lower breast, belly, and under tail- 
coverts white; under wing-coverts white. Scapulars crimson. Wings 
orange-rufous, the outer webs of primaries and outer secondaries edged 
with orange-vermilion, the inner secondaries and secondary coverts 
heavily washed with that color, primary coverts less heavily so. Upper 
tail coverts extending almost to tip of rectrices, orange-rufous, washed 
with orange-vermilion; tail emarginate, broccoli brown, the outer webs 
of feathers bordered with orange-rufous. Central pair of tail-feathers 
with their shafts crossed near base, greatly elongated, the webs very 
narrow basally, and entirely wanting beyond tips of other rectrices, 
except on the apical 70 millimeters of shaft, where there is a loosely- 
coiled, metallic grass-green outer web, whose greatest width is 8 milli- 
meters; width of this web uniform for the greater portion of its extent; 
apical portion of naked, crossed shafts divergent. The green of these 
outer webs, as also that of pectoral tufts and shield, appears violet 
when held in Gadow’s ‘‘ Position C.”' Wing, 200 mm.; tail (exclusive 
of central shaft-wires), 78 mm.; central pair of tail-feathers (straightened 
to extreme tips), 330 mm.; culmen,42 mm.; tarsus, 50 mm.; middle toe, 
o7 mm. 

Type.—No. 124628, U.S.N.M.; ‘“‘New Guinea,” received from A. 
Boueard. 

The following table will serve to show the important structural differ- 
ences between the two species: 


Comparison of Cicinnurus lyogyrus with C. regius. 


C. regius. C. lyogyrus. 
| 

Pectoral shield__....-.- One-fourth as long as broad........-..| Nearly as long as broad. 

Frontal plumes .....-.-- Long, obscuring contour of head, | Short, not obscuring contour of 
reaching forward beyond middle of head, not reaching beyond mid- 
bill. dle of bill. 

ABanilecs rene cesta eaprscorers TROUT cosggcocoguscqocueoscoebaosue Emarginate. 

Central tail-shatts.....| Crossed near base, converging before | Crossed near base, diverging before 
tips. tips. 

Outer web at tips of | Tightly coiled, discoid; greatest | Loosely coiled; greatest width, 8 

central tail-shafts. width, 12 mm., rapidly narrowing | mm., uniform for greater portion 
to tip. | of length. 


It is unfortunate that the specimen is not accompanied by a more 
definite locality, so that some hght might be thrown upon the habitat 
of the species. It would appear that it is either very rare or that it 
inhabits some little-explored portion of New Guinea proper or, possibly, 
some other island of the Papuan group. 

The Hon. Walter Rothschild has recently ? separated specimens of C. 


'In this position the bird is held on nearly the same level with, and between, the 
eye and the light. The other metallic colors given in this description appear when 
the bird is held in “ Position B,” the eye being between the light and the bird, and 
the parts described placed vertically to the light. 

?Novitates Zoologice, III, 1896, p. 10. 


No. 1204. A NEW BIRD OF PARADISE—CURRIE. 499 


regius from Jobi Island under the subspecific name coccineifrons. This 
form is said to differ from true regius *‘in having the short feathers on 
the bill produced farther towards the tip, thus leaving a smaller piece of 
the bill unfeathered; in having these feathers a little longer, much 
darker, and of the same colour as the back.” There are about thirty 
specimens of regius in the National Museum; all of these, however, 
seem to be typical, consequently I have had no opportunity of examin- 
ing the subspecies. 

The figures of the old pre-Linnzean authors, though very poor, un- 
doubtedly refer to C. regius. 


EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII. 


Fig. 1. Pectoral shield, head, and tail of Cicinnurus regius. 
2. Pectoral shield, head, and tail of Cicinnurus luogyrus 


PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII PL. XVII 


U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM 


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YL\ Z 
WAN Ze 
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A NEW BIRD OF PARADISE. 


FoR EXPLANATION OF PLATE SEE PAGE 499. 


SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES, OR PEARLY FRESH-WATER 
MUSSELS. 


By CHARLES TORREY SIMPSON. 
Aid, Division of Mollusks. 


In 1836 Dr. Isaac Lea published a Synopsis of the Family of Nai- 
ades, which was followed by a second edition in 1838, a third in 1852, 
and a fourth in 1870. In this work Dr. Lea did not attempt to make 
any systematic classification, but divided the species into two great 
genera, Margaron and Platiris, and subdivided these genera into sub- 
genera, and finally into smaller groups founded on the presence or 
absence of a dorsal wing, and on the form and sculpture of the shell. 
This arrangement was regarded by Dr. Lea as merely a temporary one, 
to be used until a knowledge of the soft parts could be obtained, on 
which to base a permanent classification. 

Several other attempts at a classification of the Naiades have been 
made, and among these is that of Swainson in 1840, who believed that 
the whole family formed a circular group, that by beginning at a cer- 
tain point in it the species or genera would be found closely related to 
others, and these to others still, and that by following up the chain of 
relationships one would be brought back to the place of starting. My 
studies have not borne out Swainson’s conclusions, but I have adopted 
two of his divisions of the Unionide, the subfamilies Unionine and 
Hyriane. His subfamilies Anodontine and Alasmodontine have no 
value, and the subfamily Iridinz belongs in the family Mutelidie. 

In 1847 Gray gave a classification of the Naiades in his List of Recent 
Genera, in which he divided them into three families: Unionide, with 
the genera Anodonta, Margaritana, Monocondylea, Unio, Barbala, Lam- 
proscapha, Anodonta, Byssanodonta, and Glabaris; Mutelidse with 
Mutela, Leila, Pleiodon, Paxyodonand Prisodon, and Mycetopodide, with 
the genus JJycetopus. 

Troschel, in 1847, proposed a classification in which the genera were 
founded on anatomical characters, and though for lack of knowledge 


PROCEEDINGS U. S. NATIONAL Museum, VOL. XXII, No. 1205. eat 
OU 


502 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


he was led into several serious errors, his work has proved an important 
aid in classification. 

H.and A. Adams followed with a classification in 1857, in which they 
recognized the families Unionide and Mutelide, dividing the former into 
two subfamilies, Unionine and Mycetopine, and giving a list of the 
then known species. 

Agassiz, in 1852, published a classification of the North American 
Unionid, based more especially on the anatomy, but much of his 
work was hasty and careless, and as a result his groups are, for the 
most part, heterogeneous assemblages of unrelated species. 

Tn 1893, von Ihering published his Najaden von San Paulo, in which 
he showed that while certain of the Naiades began their existence on 
hatching from the egg as a glochidium, with a bivalve shell capable of 
containing the soft parts, others developed into a lasidium, with three 
segments, the middle one alone having a single shell. He showed that 
the presence or absence of siphons by which the Mutelide had been 
separated from the Unionide was not a constant character, even in indi- 
vidual species, and placed the genera which he believed to have glo- 
chidia in the family Unionidze, and those with lasidia in the Mutelide. 
I consider this the most important discovery that has yet been made in 
the study of the Naiades. 

In 1896 the writer published a classification of the Naiades, based 
largely on his studies of shell characters. In that it was shown that 
throughout one great group all the genera had shells with schizodont 
hinge teeth or vestiges of them, and in the rest, a smaller group, they 
all had taxodont teeth, or vestiges of them. As all the genera whose 
shells have schizodont teeth were believed by von Ihering to possess a 
glochidium, and those with taxodont teeth have a lasidiwm, it seemed 
as though there was a natural division of the Navades into two families 
Unionide and Mutelidee. 

Some years ago the Rey. and Mrs. L. T. Chamberlain, son-in-law and 
daughter of Dr. Lea, suggested to Mr. Dall that a new edition of the 
Synopsis, or if necessary a new work, should be prepared, and for this 
purpose they generously offered to contribute such sums as might be 
needed for the purchase of material to add to the great collection left 
by Dr. Lea to the U.S. National Museum at his death, and for li: erature 
that might be required in preparing the work. As the writer had made 
a special study of the Naiades, the task of preparing the new Synopsis 
fell to him. Since then Mrs. Chamberlain has been called away by 
death, greatly regretted, but her husband has continued to cheerfully 
furnish all the needed funds for carrying on the work to completion. 

While the labor of preparing the synopsis has been arduous, and 
while it has been impossible to obtain material needed in many iImpor- 
tant groups, or all the necessary literature, I feel that my opportuni- 
ties for study have been exceptionally good. I have had constant 
access to. the great collection of Dr. Lea, the finest, no doubt, ever 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAILADES—SIMPSON. 50 


| 9 


made of the Unionide, and containing more types than any other in 
existence. In addition to this the U.S. National Museum possesses a 
large collection, including many types, and for the most part carefully 
determined by that able student Dr. James Lewis, as well as the entire 
Jeffreys collection. A great amount of valuable material has been 
lately added to it, including the Morelet collection of Naiades, a set of 
Burmese shells from Fea, a series of New Zealand forms from Suter, a 
large number of species from von Ihering, from South and Central 
America and Mexico, the entire series of types of Mr. S. H. and B. H. 
Wright, and types from many other sources. The writer has personally 
examined the collections of Say, Conrad, and Rafinesque, in the Acad- 
emy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, as well as the excellent alco- 
holic series which was the basis of all of Dr. Lea’s studies. Through 
the courtesy of the officers of the New York State Museum of Natural 
History the entire collection of Naiades of Dr. Gould was loaned to the 
U.S. National Museum, in order that he might study it. Besides this 
he has examined the fine collections of Mr. Bryant Walker, Mrs. George 
Andrews, Prof. A. G. Wetherby, and a great amount of material 
belonging to Mr. William A. Marsh, Mr. B. H. Wright, and many 
others. He has made critical examinations of the soft parts of more 
than four hundred species, American and foreign. 

Aside from the careful work of Lea, Troschel, and Pelseneer, little 
has been done in the way of studying the anatomy of the Naiades. The 
soft parts of a good many foreign species have been examined, and 
descriptions published which do not describe. Authors have gone into 
details of the color of the organs and of insignificant characters, but 
have paid no attention to really important points. 

In my paper on The Classitication and Geographical Distribution 
of the Pearly Fresh-water Mussels,' I placed a great variety of forms 
under the generic name Unio. Since that time additional knowledge, 
gained largely from a study of the soft parts, has led me to the belief 
that it would be best to dismember this genus somewhat as the old 
group Helix has been dismembered by Pilsbry. Ordinarily the soft 
parts of most of the Unionide show but slight differential characters, 
but at the time when the ovules pass down into the gills a most remark- 
able change in those organs generally takes place. In the Anodonta 
edentula of Say, short, horizontal ovisacs are developed, which run 
directly across the animal, and which at maturity break through the 
outer walls of the outer gills and pass with their young eutire into the 
water. In the forms typitied by Unio anodontoides the young are con- 
tained only in very distinct vertical or oblique ovisacs in the hinder 
part of the outer gills; in Unio crassidens, pictorum, and the like, the 
embryos fill the entire outer gills, forming thick, smooth pads; in Unio 
metanevrus, trigonus, multiplicatus, and allied forms, they occupy all 
four of the branchie throughout. In Unio phaseolus the smooth outer 


1Proe. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, pp. 295-343. 


504 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. xx. 


gills begin to be crimped as they are being filled with embryos, until 
when full, they become a series of marvelous folds. In U. irroratus 
several ovisacs in the center of the outer gills grow out to a great 
length, become filled with young, and are closely coiled. In U. cor- 
nutus a few central ovisacs develop so as to project below in a long, 
straight flap. In all the South American and Australian Unios, so far 
as is known, the inner gills alone, as a rule, are filled with young, and 
this is probably the case with the species of the Ethiopian region and 
most of those of southeastern Asia. After the young have passed out 
into the water the gills of all the species change back into their ordi- 
nary condition, and when not gravid there is great similarity in those 
of most of the species formerly classed as Unios. 

These peculiar evanescent characters, assumed when the gills are 
transformed into marsupia, seem to be quite constant, and I believe 
they can be used as a basis for the foundation of genera. When these 
are once discovered and understood it will be found, on careful exami- 
nation, that there are minor shell characters that correspond with those 
of the marsupia, and which help us in placing certain forms of whose 
anatomy we know but little. Thus the principal shell characters of 
such species as Unio trigonus, metanevrus, and plicatus are much like 
those of U. gibbosus, crassidens, and buckleyi. But in the former set 
all four gills will be found to be filled with young in the gravid female, 
while in the latter only the outer ones are full. And the former have 
generally shorter, solider, more inflated shells and deep beak cavittes, 
while the latter have longer, lighter shells, which have shallow beak 
cavities. In Anodonta edentula the ovisacs are short and run across 
the gills; in the very similar looking A. /erwssaciana the outer gills are 
filled with oblique ovisacs, and the inner have (at least in some cases) 
more or less ovules. The beak sculpture of these two species is very 
different. 

From the earliest period in which the Naiades have been studied to 
the present time it has been claimed by some that the sexes were sepa- 
rate, by others that the animais were hermaphroditic. Recent careful 
studies by such men as Sterki, Taylor, Kelly, and others appear to 
demonstrate that in the more highly organized Unionidée (those which 
have two forms of shells, and have the ovisaes in the hinder part of 
the outer gills) the sexes are always separate. In the more simply 
organized Unionide (those with but one form of shell and with the 
embryos occupying the entire gill) the sexes may or may not be 
separate. 

Further study has shown me that the provinces established in 
the paper I have quoted hold good as there laid down. There is evi- 
dently a very close relationship between many of the unionoid forms of 


southeastern Asia and tropical Africa. So close is this relation that — 


the two regions might be united if it were not for the fact that a large 


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U. S. NATIONAL. MUSEUM 


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PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXII 


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PROCEEDINGS, VOL. XXIL PL. xvi 


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He bie ar 


moses, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON, 505 


number of forms are found in each of them that are not at all closely 
related to any of those of the other. 
These regions may be tabulated as follows: 


AREAS OF THE NAIAD REGIONS.! 


Hurope. 
: Northern and Western Asia. 
PLGeIReUIG sesaee North Africa to the Desert. 
Pacific drainage of North America. 
Ethiopian ....... Africa, south of the Sahara. 
Oriental ........./ASia, south of the Himalayas. 
\East Indies to the Solomon Islands. 
Australia. 
Australian ..-_... \ Tasmania. . 
lNew Zealand. Part of New Guinea. 
Neotropical .- -.-- South America. 
(Cental America. 
Central American, Mexico, east of the Cordillera. 
lictribes 
Entire Mississippi Valley and the Guif drainage from west Florida 
to the Rio Grande. 


Mississippian ----; Mackenzie River system. 
[zea River of the North. 
Great Lakes. 5 
GER coe jLower St. Lawrence and rivers of eastern Canada. 


Atlantic drainage of the United States. 


I have hesitated long before placing a considerable number of the 
species of Southeastern Asia in and near North American genera. I had 
hoped to be able to examine the soft parts of a number of these Oriental 
forms, but have been disappointed, and as nothing is known of the 
anatomy of most of them I have been compelled to classify by shell 
characters alone. It is certain that the beak sculpture of a large num- 
ber of Naiades of this area is essentially concentric, and not zigzag 
radial, as it is in most of the furms of the Oriental region. The shell 
characters of the ponderous Chinese Uniones are certainly much like 
those of Quadrula in the form, the teeth, the beak sculpture, and 
especially the deep, compressed beak cavities. A great number of fossil 
forms from the Tertiary strata of Asia and Hastern Europe seem to 
show the closest relationship to the American Quadrulas. Hyriopsis, 

~Cristaria, Chamberlainia, and Pilsbryoconcha seem to be related by 
shell characters to the alate forms of Lampsilis, and even the strange 
Pseudospatha of Africa would appear to belong here. 

I recognize about one thousand species and 82 varieties of Unionide, 
having reduced tothe synonymy a great many names that most authors 
have believed to stand for valid species. Of these, 533 species and 55 
varieties belong in North America and 101 in South America. The 
list contains 117 species of Mutelide and 11 varieties, and of these 80 


‘For map of Naiad Regions see plate. 


506 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL. XXII. 


species are South American. 


The following list shows the number of — 


species in each genus and the distribution of the genera: 


19 


ice.) 


bo 


THe 


UNIONIDZ’ 


Truncilla, United States. 
3 varieties. 
Micromya, United States. 


| 


8 varieties. 
Lampsilis, North America. 
Pseudospatha, Tropical Africa. 
Hyriopsis, Eastern Asia. 
Chamberlainia, Southeastern Asia. 
Cristaria, Eastern Asia. 
Lepidodesma, Eastern Asia. 
Pilsbryoconcha, Southeastern Asia. 
Medionidus, United States. 
Nephronaias, Mexico, Central Amer- 

ica, Cuba. 


Glebula, United States. 
Obovaria, United States. 
1 variety. 
Plagiola, North America. 
Tritogonia, United States. 
1 variety. 
Cyprogeniay United States. 
1 variety. 
Obliquaria, United States. 
Ptychobranchus, United States. 
Strophitus, North America. 
1 variety. 
Anodonta, North America, Eastern | 
Asia, Palearctic. | 
8 varieties. 


Colletopterum, Southeastern Europe. Is 


Gabillotia, Asia Minor. 

1 variety. | 
Leguminaia, Southern Europe, Asia 

Minor. 

1 variety. | 
Lastena, United States. 
Solenaia, Eastern Asia. 
Gonidea, United States. 
Anodontoides, North America. 

2 varieties. 

Pegias, United States. 
Arcidens, United States. 
Symphynota, North America. 

1 variety. 

Alasmidonta, North America. 


Hemilastena, United States. | 


6 


| 145 


Ol RH bo 


Ot 


bo Ot bo YO 


— 


ol 


CO ee 


Margaritana, Circumboreal. 
Unio, North America, Palearctic. 

13 varieties. 

Pleurobema, United States. 

1 variety. 

Quadrula, North America, Hastern 

Asia. 

12 varieties. 

Schistodesma, Eastern Asia. 
Gibbosula, Eastern Asia. 

Cuneopsis, Eastern Asia. 

Nodularia, Eastern Asia, Asia Minor, 

Tropical Africa. 

6 varieties. : 
Harmandia, Southeastern Asia. 
Physunio, Southeastern Asia. 
Dalliella, Southeastern Asia. 
Grandidieria, Tropical Africa. 
Pseudodon, Eastern Asia. 

1 variety. 

Parreysia, Southeastern Asia, Tropi- 
cal Africa. 

8 varieties. 

Ptychorhynchus, Eastern Asia. 

1 variety. 

Virgus, Southeastern Asia. 
Ctenodesma, Southeastern Asia. 
Rectidens, Southeastern Asia. 
Lamellidens, Southeastern 

Tropical Africa. 

5 varieties. 

Trapezoideus, Southeastern Asia. 

1 variety. 

Arconaia, Eastern Asia. 
Pseudavicula, Tropical Africa. 
Arcidopsis, Southeastern Asia. 
Tetraplodon, South America. 

1 variety. 

Castalina, South America. 

Callonaia, South America. 

Hyria, South America. 

Prisodon, South America. 

Diplodon, South America, Austral- 
asia, South Africa, 

6 varieties. 


Asia, 


MUTELID. 


Spatha, Tropical Africa. 
3 varieties. 
Mutela, Tropical Africa. 


OU bo 


4 


Chelidonopsis, Tropical Africa. 
Brazzea, Tropical Africa. 
Pleiodon, Tropical A frica. 


Bro. 20s. _ SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 507 


_ 10 Monocondylea, South America. 53 Glabaris, South America. 
_ 4 Stheringella, South America. 8 varieties. 
_. 2 Fossula, South America. 8 Mycetopoda, South Ameriea. 


3 Leila, South America. 


Total: 61 genera of Unionide; 11 genera of Mutelidie. 


I am inclined to believe with von Ihering that the primitive beak 
sculpture of the Unionid was radial, and in two species of Unios from 
what are believed to be Triassic or Permian strata of the Staked Plains 
of Texas,' which are probably the oldest forms known, the beaks clearly 
show strictly radial sculpture. Four other species trom the same lot 
are not in condition to exhibit this character. 

Now I take this to belong to the simplest, earliest, and most lowly 
organized form of unionoid life. I believe that the earlier Unios had 
the young contained in the inner branchiv alone, that there has been 
a gradual development from these primitive forms with simple, dull- 
colored, smooth shells, those of the male and female being alike, with 
radially sculptured beaks, the Hndobranchs, up to the highest forms of 
to-day, with concentric, doubly looped beak sculpture, with highly 
painted shells, in which those of the male and female are very different, 
with the young contained in distinctly marked ovisaes in the hinder 
part of the outer gills alone, the Hxvobranchs. 

The data for following these developments and the migrations of the 
Naiades are meager so far as fossil materiai is concerned. But, fortu- 
nately, while among the higher orders of life genera and even families 
appear, develop, grow old, and become extinct in a single geological 
age, the Unionide have held on unbroken from the Triassic or prob- 
ably an earlier geological age until now, and while there has been slow 
progress in the development of higher characters the primitive forms 
have not died out. I know of no important type of the family among 
the fossil species that may not be found somewhere to-day among the 
living ones. They seem to have migrated to a certain region, made a 
slight advance over the characters of their predecessors, aud to have 
continued down with but little change until to-day. When a new 
mInigration was made the same thing was enacted again. 

If the Unionide originated in North America during the Triassic or 
Some earlier period we may suppose that some members of the family 
mInigrated into South America during that or at a later period. All the 
species of that family in South America have radial beak sculpture 
(except Callonaia and Prisodon, in which the beaks seem to be smooth), 
and the young are contained in the inner gills alone, so far as we know. 
In some cases this sculpture is strictly radial; more often we find the 
central or all the bars curving a little toward each other below, and 
one or two of the middle pairs coalescing, the first move toward concen- 
tric beak sculpture. By an old,now partly submerged land bridge in the 
Antarctic region it is probable that a migration took place from South 


1Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., X VIII, 1896, pp. 381-385. 


508 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


America to New Zealand and Australia, and slight changes in the way of 
progress are shown there. The beak sculpture is still radial, but the bars 
are decidedly curved toward each other below; they become slightly 
broken or nodulous, and each set is generally removed from the other a 
little, so that a space in the middle of the young shell issmooth. The 
young are contained in the inner gills, though Suter reports a few in 
the outer gills of one or two species and in all these Southern Hemi- 
sphere forms the shell has a dull color, and is nearly or quite rayless. 
Another migration took place to Southeastern Asia, and from there 
there was another to tropical Africa, possibly from Southern India 
over an old but now lost landway. In the forms of this region the 
beak sculpture becomes irregularly and variously zigzag radial, the 
surface is nodulous in many cases, and the shell is often bright colored 
and painted. Some of the recent species, such as Unio crispisulcatus, 
show nearly strict radial sculpture all over the shells; others which 
I have placed in the genus Lamellidens have almost such sculpture as 
is seen in the beaks of the Australian forms. In others the sculpture 
becomes slightly nodulous. Reasoning from analogy, and the few 
gravid specimens I have examined of these forms with the zigzagged 
beak sculpture, I presume that they all carry the young in the inner 
gills, though it is quite probable that some of them may have them in 
all four gills, and this would be a step in an upward direction. Some 
of these Asiatic and African forms with zigzag sculpture are quite 
short, inflated, and solid, and, in general, show characters strongly 
allied to those of our heavy Mississippi Valley forms (the latter of 
which I placein Quadrula), the various members of the genus Parreysia, 
for example. ; 

It is quite probable that from such forms the genus Quadrula sprung; 
that it developed in Asiatic streams, where it still seems to be repre- 
sented. In the Tertiary strata of eastern Europe and in parts of 
Asia this genus seems to be abundantly represented. It is a little dif- 
ficult to say from some of the living Asiatic forms whether the beak 
sculpture should be called sharply, doubly looped, or zigzag radial, 
and the same thing may almost be said of some of our North American 
forms. There probably existed at that period an old land way across 
from northeastern Asia to northwestern North America, and one which 
lasted a long time, or it may have been submerged and then reappeared 
again, for through long ages this has apparently been a highway for 
migrating Unionide. I think it not unlikely that the immediate progeni- 
tors of the magnificent and diversified series of Uniones found fossil in 
the Laramie beds came over from Asia among the earlier migrations; 
for it is a significant fact that among the Uniones of the Laramie for- 
mation in the United States we have a number of species which in general 
form closely resemble these recent Asiatic Parreysias, and that their 
beak sculpture is decidedly zigzag radial, just as it 1s to-day in these 
oriental forms. Associated with these Laramie species are others in 


No. 1205, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 509 


which the beak seulpture is somewhat concentric and of a peculiar 


pattern seldom found among living Uniones, the ridges being nearly 
straight below and sharply pointed behind in a chevron-shaped pattern. 
I take it that the next step of progress was the development of the 


genus Pleurobema, or forms which are nearly allied to it; though the 


strange, smooth, elongated, wedge-shaped Cuneopsis, with its remarka- 
bly deep beak cavities and often distorted shells, and the eurious 
Gibbosula seem like Quadrulas making an effort to shape their shells 
something like those of Unio. In Plewrobema the shell is solid and 


rather triangular, the beaks are high and typically well forward, the 


beak sculpture is broken, but most nearly concentric, the beak cavities . 
are shallow, and the young occupy only the outer branchie. There are 
great numbers of species I should refer to this or closely allied genera 
in the oriental tertiaries, and many of them are knobbed. To-day the 
genus is confined to the Mississippi Valley and the northern drainage 
of the Gulf of Mexico, and all the species are smooth except P. wsopus 
and P. varicosa, which I place in the genus with some hesitation. 

This genus has an immense development in the waters of the Ten- 
nessee drainage, becoming less abundant as we advance northward, 
until in the Ohio River and its tributaries only three species are found, 
Pleurobema clava Lamarck, P. varicosa Lea, and P. wsopus Green. In 
the Tennessee and Cumberland systems all the species except the two 
last mentioned belong to the group typified by P. clava. In the Ala- 
bama River drainage and a few adjacent streams emptying into the 
Gulf there is a great development of this genus, but none of the species 
belong to the clava group. Now, if the genus migrated into the Ten- 
nessee system from the northwest, and it seems quite probable that it 
did, its presence in the Alabama River system would seem to prove the 
theory entertained by some geologists that the Tennessee formerly 
emptied into the Gulf, flowing down into what is now the Coosa River 
and into the Alabama. Additional proof of this is found in the fact 
that quite a number of the common Mississippi Valley species, such as 
Unio tuberculatus Barnes, U. rectus Lamarck, U. trigonus Lea, U. 
anodontoides Lea, U. ebenus Lea, and others are met with in the 
Tennessee, the Coosa, and the Alabama River systems, and Unio con- 
radicus and U. cumberlandianus, Tennessee River forms, occur in the 
Alabama system. That this southern outflow of the Tennessee ceased 
a long time ago is shown by the fact that in the Alabama drainage all 
the northern species of Uniones have a peculiar aspect, and several 
entire groups of Pleurobema have developed, which are distinet from 
anything found in the Tennessee. 

It is probable that the true Unios and their allies were next developed, 


with simple oval to elongated shells, and moderate beaks showing 


quite a variety of sculpture. It is generally concentric, being inclined 
to follow the growth lines, but sometimes the ridges are broken, and 
again they are somewhat doubly looped. The young occupy the outer 


510 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII 


gills only, forming a pad-like marsupium. The genus is now found 
throughout a large part of the Palearctic region and North America 
generally, excepting the Pacific drainage. The Unios of what seems to 
bethe Gibbosus group are abundant in the Tertiary of eastern Europe. 
Unio davilai from Roumania is almost exactly like U. gibbosus, a recent 
species of the Mississippi Valley, and there were species no doubt closely 
allied in the Tertiary of the western United States. There were forms 
in Eastern Europe which seemed to connect Unio and Pleuwrobema, some 
of which were like P. clava and formed a connecting link with Quadrula. 
There were Quadrulas showing relationship with our Q. trigona, rubi- 
ginosa, pustulosa, pyramidata, and other forms. Psilunio craviovensis 
looks much like our Plewrobema wsopus and there are other striking 
examples of old forms resembling recent ones. 

Now, in Quadrula, Unio, Alasmidonta, and some of the other allied 
genera we not unfrequently see species or specimens which have the 
ordinary concentric or doubly looped beak sculpture, and in addition to 
this a number of fine, regularly radiating ridges in front or behind, or 
sometimes at each end of the ordinary sculpture, an atavistic develop- 
ment, probably. In some groups this character is quite constant; in 
others it is only occasionally seen. I have never noticed it in any of the 
higher genera in which the male and female shells are different. 

Up to this point the male and female shells had been essentially alike, 
and the ovisacks were not distinctly outlined, but formed smooth pads, 
the marsupium occupying practically the whole gill. In the American 
waters probably, a great change now began to take place in some of the 
Unionide. The ovisacs of many forms became distinctly marked out 
by a deep sulcus; a constriction developed in some instances around 
near the base of the marsupium, inside and out, so that the lower end 
of the ovisacs resembled little bulbs, and these were often filled with 
pigment of a different color from the rest of the ovisac. Ptychobran- 
chus, with its folded marsupium, may have developed from Unio; 
Cyprogenia and Obliquaria, with their narroy, central marsupia, and 
Dromus, in which it is hung all around the outer gills in short, distinet 
ovisacs, would seem to have descended from Quadrula by their shell 
characters. Inallof these the shells of males and females are essentially 
alike. In Medionidus there is sometimes quite a well-marked swelling 
at the central or post-basal part of the female shell which is absent in 
the male, but sometimes it is impossible to separate the shells of the 
two sexes. The marsupium consists of irregular ovisacs just behind 
or almost at the center of the outer gills. Inthe strange Tritogonia the 
female shell differs remarkably from that of the male, having developed 
a broad, posterior wing, filled with a flap of the mantle, while that of 
the male is swollen, and truneate behind. Of the marsupia of this 
strange form I know nothing. Oboraria, with short, solid, full shells, 
sometimes having a slight post-basal inflation in those of the female, 
and Plagiola, with triangular shells, often showing the distinction 
between male and female, recall to some extent Quadrula in shell ehar- 
acters, but have the marsupia in the hinder part of the outer gills 
alone. The ovisacs are distinct, and there is a sulcus below, and this 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 511 


is the highest type of a branchial uterus. Lampsilis is a step farther 
on, with oval to elongated shells, generally highly colored, with, as a 
rule, a decided post-basal swelling of that of the female, without (in 
most cases) a strong post ridge, and the beak sculpture consists of 

rather numerous, delicate bars, Seed in two distinct (anterior and 
posterior) loops. 

Throughout the entire Mississippi Valley, a portion of the Atlantic 
drainage, in most of the streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico, in east- 
ern Mexico, and Central America there is found an extensive group of 
Uniones for which I have used the name Proptera of Rafinesque. Nearly 
all the shells are more or less dorsally winged, the beak sculpture is 
feeble, the epidermis is dull, the teeth are often imperfect, and they have 
a row of dorsal scars running obliquely downward and forward. The 
nacre generally is some shade of purple, and though the female shell 
may Show a decided post inflation,it may be wanting. The ovisacs 
are usually fine and numerous, and are placed in the posterior ends of 
the outer gills. I have given this group subgeneric rank under Lamp- 
silis. Now,it would seem probable that North America was the field 
in which these remarkable developments in the character of the Union- 
ide had taken place, for I know of no fossil species elsewhere showing 
any of these higher characters. If, as I have elsewhere suggested, 
there is a relationship between Proptera and the Cristarias, Hyriopsis, 
Pilsbryoconcha, Chamberlainia, and Pseudospatha of the Old World, 
then I should think it likely they, or their progenitors, had migrated 
thence from North America some time during the early or middle ter- 
tiaries. It is possible that the Cristarias, Hyriopsis, and the like, or 
closely related but now extinct groups, may have originated in ori- 
ental waters, and that the Propteras, and the typical Lampsilis, may be 
their offspring. 

Truncilla marks the highest development of Naiad life, and may 
be taken to be the latest. Its shells are smooth and generally highly 
painted, the beak sculpture is fine and doubly looped, the hinge teeth 
are well developed. The post-basal area is very distinctly marked out 
and developed in the female. In most cases the shell of this part in 
the female is thin, of a different texture from the rest, often radially 
ridged, and decidedly toothed on its edge. There is usually a surpris- 
ing difference in the shape of the shells of male and female aside from 
this, so much so that one would never suppose that they belonged to 
the same species, unless he traced the growth back to the young shells, 
_which are quite alike in the different sexes. The marsupium is like a 
large kidney, very full, and totally different in appearance when 
gravid from the rest of the gill. It appears to be protected by a great 
flap which grows out from the mantle covering it, which is here double. 
The genus exhibits a great variety of form, so much so that several 
good subgeneric groups seem well marked out, and we must believe it 
has been in existence for some time. 

Much of the foregoing may be mere conjecture; much is undoubt- 
edly founded on fact. I believe that the living forms of the Unionide 
show a gradual development from the simplest, lowest, and earliest 


512 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


types up to the highest, most recent, and most complicated, and stand 
as a sort of index to the progress of the family in the past. 

LT have not been able to study the Mutelide as carefully as I have the 

Unionide. All the species are foreign, and while I have seen the soft 
parts of a few South American forms, I have never had the opportunity 
to examine the anatomy of a single African species. I Lave not been 
able, from what knowledge I have obtained, to discover any consider- 
able anatomical or conchological differences between the Mutelid genera 
of Africa and South America which might be used to separate the 
family into subfamilies. 
- [ have treated the families of the Unionidee and Mutelidee together in. 
this work because they bave both been classed as Naiades. But the 
remarkable differences in the embryos, that of the former family being 
a glochidium with a bivalve shell inclosing the soft parts, and that of 
the latter a lasidium divided into three segments with a single shell 
on its middle section, and the shells of the one family having schizo- 
dont teeth, while those of the other have taxodont teeth, seem to show 
that the two great groups are not very nearly related. 

Instudying the Naiades I have been greatly perplexed on accountof the 
unsatisfactory and confused condition of much of the literature. Harlyin 
this century Rafinesque collected the Unionide extensively in Kentucky 
and published a large number of genera, minor groups, and species. 

It is probable that there will always be differences of opinion with 
regard to his work, just as there have been in the past. His figures are 
more like those made by children, or the caricatures drawn by aboriginal 
tribes, than the creations of an intelligent naturalist, and the deserip- 
tions are too brief in many cases to give any clear idea of the species. 
The work in the continuation of his monograph is even worse than that 
in the body of the paper, and tribes, genera, and subgenera are mingled 
in bewildering confusion, and all these are placed under two great genera, 
It is impossible in many cases to tell what his meaning is. I have care- 
fully gone over his so-called types in the Academy of Natural Sciences 
in Philadelphia, making notes and sketches, and stating the names 
by which they are commonly known. Four times, separated by long 
intervals, I have studied his original descriptions, with specimens of 
the same species as these so-called types, in an attempt to determine 
his species, each time writing down my conclusions, and I believe that 
quite a number of his species will have to stand. There can be no doubt 
whatever that many of his so-called types are not types at all, as they 
do not fit the descriptions by any stretch of imagination. 

In applying generic, subgeneric, and sectional names | have used 
those which have been previously applied wherever it has been possible 
to do so by the process of elimination, in order that no claim of priority 
might be urged for them. 

A most unfortunate dispute arose among our earlier conchologists in 
regard to priority of names, one in which a great deal of ill feeling 
was displayed. I have endeavored wherever it was possible to ascer- 
tain the exact date of publication of these disputed names and to 
credit the species to the earliest described. In some cases it has been 


~ No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 513 


impossible to tell which of two names appeared first, and in such cases 
I haveused that which seemed to be best known. 

Many of the species of Lamarck stand on about the same foundation 
as those of Rafinesque, having only a brief description and no fig- 
ures. Dr. Lea on at least two occasions went over the types of most 
of Lamarck’s species and has published his conclusions in the Obser- 
vations, and I am obliged to abide by his decisions, never having seen 
the types myself. 

One of the most perplexing problems has been the work done by 
European conchologists, and especially by the so-called new school of 
France. Previous to 1870, the date of issuance of Lea’s last edition of 
the synopsis, thousands of names had been applied to the few species 
of Europe. But this work was conservative and reasonable compared 
with that of the new school since then. I have devoted much time 
and study to this fauna and its literature. To me it seems that 
there are not more than eighteen or twenty species of Unionidie found 
in Europe, judging by the same standards I have applied to species 
elsewhere. Nearly all the authors seem to be more or less at sea as to 
certain forms of this area, and the reasons for this are probably their 
want of striking characters and their extreme variability. Unio picto- 
rum, tumidus, elongatulus, and platyrhynchoideus have been often taken 
for each other. Margaritana margaritifera has repeatedly been mis- 
taken for the very similar looking M. crassa, and each of these has been 
hopelessly confused with Unio batavus. 

I have endeavored to consider names applied before 1870 in my 
synonymy. I have made no effort to do this with those applied by 
authors to the forms of Europe since that time, as I do not believe that 
any new species of Unio, Margaritana, Anodonta, or Leguminaia have 
been found there in the last thirty years. The genus Colletopterwm (1881) 
is a doubtful one and is very likely only an mutation of the excessively 
variable Anodonta cygnea. In 1892 Arnould Locard, one of the great 
lights of the new school, stated that there were 208 species of Unios 
and 250 Anodontas in France alone.! 

Life is too short and valuable to be wasted in any attempt at 
deciphering such nonsense, and I have not even cumbered the pages 
of this work with a list of these new species. Those interested can find 
them in the works of Westerlund and Kobelt. 

In cases where the new school has worked on the fauna of Africa or 
_ Asia, I have done the best I could to straighten out the synonymy. 

I have not attempted to make any analytical key to genera and other 
groups, because [ do not believe that it is possible to construct a key 
that will be of any real service to the student. At least four-fifths of 
the shells of the Naiades have the beaks so eroded that it is impossible 
to form any idea of what their sculpture is like, and the soft parts are 
inaccessible to the average student and collector. These are both vital 
characters that must be used in classification. The general arrange- 
ment of the groups down to genera is shown in the following table: 


‘Aun. Soc. Ag. Hist. Nat. Lyon, 1892, p. 55. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 3d 


Hinge with schizodont teeth; embryo a glochidium. 


uv 


Family Unionide. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Beak sculpture concentric; embryos in outer or all four of the gills. 


(Exobranchiw.) 


a 


Subfamily Unionine. 


a 


Ovisacs distinetly marked out by a sulcus. 


———————— Olle SS ——>—__-_ -_- __ —_ 


Ovisacs not separated by a sulcus. 


Male and female shells alike. 


a ee et eee! 


’ Male and female shells different. 


SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERA OF NAIADES. 


Truncilla Rafinesque. 
_Micromya Agassiz. 
Lampsilis Rafinesque. 
| Pseudospatha Simpson. 
Hyriopsis Conrad. 
Chamberlainia Simpson, 


Female shell inflated at base in¢ Cristaria Schumacher. 
front of posteriorridge; marsupium Lepidodesma Simpson. 


| (Heterogene. ) é 

| in hinder part of outer gills. Pilsbryoconcha Simpson. 
| 

( 


Medionidus Simpson. 
Nephronaias Crosse and Fischer, 
Glebula Conrad. 

Obovaria Rafinesque. 

Plagiola Rafinesque, 


(Digene.) 


Female shell inflated behind, 


; 4 Tritogonia Agassiz. 
above posterior ridge. 


(Mesogene.) ( 
el Cyprogenia Agassiz. 

Marsupium a few ovisacs in they Obliquaria Rafinesque. 
center of outer gills. L 


(Ptychogene.) 


Marsupium occupying the whole Ptychobranchus Simpson. 
outer gills in a series of folds. ; 


(Eschatigene. ) 


Marsupium occupying the outer Dromus Simpson. 
border of outer gills. 


(Diagene.) 


Ovisaes filling the outer gills, Strophitus Rafinesque. 
running crosswise. 


Colletopterum Bourguignat. 
Gabillotia Servain. 
Leguminaia Conrad. 
Lastena Rafinesque. 
Solenaia Conrad. 

Gonidea Conrad. 
Anodontoides Simpson. 
Marsupium filling the entire | ?egias Simpson. 


outer gills and forming smooth | 4”cidens Simpson. 
pads. | Symphynota Lea. 


A | Alasmidonta Say. 
Hemilastena Agassiz. 
Margaritana Schumacher. 
Unio Retzius. 

| Pleurobema Rafinesque. 


| Anodonta Bruguiere. 
(Homogene. ) | 


(LOG aes) Quadrula Rafinesque. 


Marsupium filling al) four gills, } Schistodesma Simpson. 
forming smooth pads; beak cavi- | Gibbosula Simpson. 
(ties deep. Cuneopsis Simpson. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 515 


Nodularia Conrad. 

Harmandia Rochebrune. 

Grandidieria Bourguignat. 

Physunio Simpson. 

| Dalliella Simpson. 

| Pseudodon Gould. 
(Rosanorhamphus. ) Parreysia Conrad. 
Ptychorhynchus Simpson. 
Virgus Simpson. 
Ctenodesma Simpson. 
Rectidens Simpson. 
Lamellidens Simpson. 
Trapezoideus Simpson. 
Arconaia Conrad. 
Pseudavicula Simpson. 
| Arcidopsis Simpson, 


— 


; embryo a 


Beak sculpture generally zigzag-¢ 
| radial; epidermis often bright. 


family Hyrian. Beak sculpture radial; male and female 
shells alike; marsupium filling the inner gills. (Zndobranchiw.) 
ae 


glochidiwm. 
nol 


{ Tetraplodon Spix. 
| Castalina von Thering. 
| Castaliella Simpson. 
Beak sculpture radial, often curved; } Callonaia Simpson. 
shell dull colored. Hyria Lamarck. 
Prisodon Schumacher. 
Diplodon Spix. 


(Lamphorhamphus. ) 


Family Unionide. Hinge with schizodont teeth 


————— 


Sub 


—— 


{ Spatha Lea. 
Mutela Scopoli. 
1 Chelidonopsis Ancey. 
Brazzea Bourguignat. 
Pleiodon Conrad. 
Monocondylwa @Orbigny. 
Theringella Pilsbry. 
| Fossula Lea. 

Glabaris Gray. 

Leila Gray. 
| Mycetopoda @Orbigny. 


Hinge teeth taxodont; male and female shells / 
alike; embryo a rages. 


Penny Mutelide. 


In the preparation of this work I have received uniform courtesy and 
kindness from students and collectors generally. I am under especial 
obligations to Mr. Edgar A. Smith, of the British Museum, for exam- 
ining and reporting on the original manuscript of Solander, and to Mr. 
H. A. Pilsbry, of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia; 
Mr. A. G. Wetherby, of Magnetic City, North Carolina; Dr. H. von 
Ihering, Museo Paulista, San Paulo, Brazil; and Mr. H. Suter, Christ 
Church, New Zealand, for repeated assistance and advice. Mr. L. E. 
Daniels, of La Porte, Indiana; Mrs. George Andrews, of Knoxville, 
Tennessee; Hon. J. D. Mitchell, of Victoria, Texas; Mr. Berlin H. 
Wright, of Penn Yan, New York; Mr. Bryant Walker, of Detroit, 
Michigan; Dr. W.S. Strode, of Lewistown, Illinois; Mr. H. M. Kelly, of 
Mount Vernon, Iowa; Mr. William Moss, of Ashton-under-Lyne, Eng- 
land; and many others have contributed valuable material for study. 


SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE NAIADES, 


Family UNIONID 2. 


Shell nacreous, with a thick epidermis; beaks usually sculptured, 
often showing the remains of the nuclear shell; ligament opisthodetic; 
hinge with or without teeth, though with vestiges of them in every 
genus; when present schizodont and arranged as pseudocardinals and 
laterals; palleal line usually simple; prismatic border ordinarily narrow. 

Animal with labial palpi almost always wider than long; anal opening 
usually separated from the superanal; embryo a glochidium, the soft 
parts being inclosed in a bivalve shell, and borne in the inner or outer 
or all four leaves of the branchie. 


Subfamily UNIONIN A, Swainson, 184.0. (Hixobranchiz.) 


Shell having essentially concentric beak sculpture. 
Animal with labial palpi somewhat drawn out, projecting posteriorly ; 
embryos borne in the outer or in all four gills. 


HETERO GE WN A=: 


Male and female shells different, the latter inflated in the post-basal 
region; beak sculpture usually doubly looped; embryos contained in 
ovisacs separated by a sulcus and occupying the hinder part of the 
outer gills. 


Genus TRUNCILLA Rafinesque, 1819. 
(Type, Truncilla triqueter Ratinesque. ) 


Truncilla RAFINESQUE, J. de Phys., Chimie, Hist. Nat., LX XXVIII, 1819, p. 427. 


Shell rounded or oval, solid, inflated, generally smooth and rayed, 
with delicate beak sculpture which has a tendency to be doubly looped, 
that of the female having a very decided inflation in the post-basal 
region, which is thinner than the rest of the shell, of different texture, 
often toothed, and usually radiately sculptured; laterals double in 
each valve, the inner in the right valve smaller. Animal generally 
having the inner gills united to the abdominal sac; female with a 
heavy flap of the mantle which fills the post-basal swelling of the 
shell, and which has an inner ridge inside at some distance above 
the edge; marsupium very distinct, occupying the swollen part of the 
shell. 

516 


: 
) 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON, Duleg 


Subgenus TRUNCILLA Rafinesque, 1819. 


Shell covered with broken rays, somewhat triangular, and without a 
wide, radiate, posterior furrow. 


(Group of Truncilla triquetra.) 


Shell greatly inflated, sharply truncate posteriorly; inflation of the 
female shell at extreme post-basal point. 


't TRUNCILLA TRIQUETRA Rafinesque. 


2* Truncilla triqueter RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., XIII, 1820, p. 300, pl. 
LXXXI, figs. 1-4.—*CuHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845, p. 15, pl. 11, tig. 
1.—*Aq@assiz, Arch. fiir. Naturg., I, 1852, p. 44. 

Unio triqueter SHoRT and Earon, Transylvania J1.,.1831, p. 79.—*Say, Am. 
Conch., VI, 1834.—* ConraD, New F.W. Shells, 1834, p.72.—* Fprussac, Guer. 
Mag., 1835, p. 27.—*Say, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—* H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 170. 

* Unio triangularis BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 272, pl. xu, fig. 17.—* H1L- 
DRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., X, 1828, p. 287, fig. —*Say, Am. Conch., No. 1, 1830, pl. 
Iv.—SHORT and EATON, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 78.—* DESHAYES, An. sans 
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p.554; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 674.—* REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 
1841, p. 118, pl. Lx xxx, fig. 9.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 183; *Biv. Shells, 
1845, p. 183.—* CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* CuENU, Bib. 
Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 10, pl. 1, figs. 4, 4b; *Man., IT, 1859, p. 137, fig. 
662.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxvu, fig. 340.—* CaLkIns, Pr. 
Ottawa Acad.. Nat. Sci., 1874, p. 45. 

*Mya triangularis Haton, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 221. 

*Margarita (Unio) triangularis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 16. 

*Margaron (Unio) triangularis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 36. 

*Unio cuneatus SwWAINSON, Phil. Mag., 1823, p. 112. 

*Unioformosus LEA, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 111, pl. xvi, fig. 41; *Obs. I, 
1834, p. 121, pl. xv1, fig. 41.—*CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. v111, figs. 12, 12a, - 
12b; *Man., 1859, II, p. 188, fig. 664. 


Ohio River drainage; western New York to southern Michigan; 
Iowa; eastern Nebraska to Indian Territory. 


(Group of Truncilla brevidens.) 


Shell somewhat quadrate, not sharply truncate behind; post-basal 
swelling of female in front of post-basal point and rounded below. 


} TRUNCILLA BREVIDENS Lea. 


Unio brevidens Lua, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 75, pl. 1v, fig. 6; *Obs. I, 
1834, p. 85, pl. v1, fig.6.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198; * Biv. Shells, 1843, 
p. 198, pl. xx, fig. 41.—* CatTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.— 
*“H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* CuEnvw. II11., Conch., 
1858, pl. vill, figs, 6, 6a, 6b.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146. 

*Margarita (Unio) brevidens LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 29; 1838, p. 21. 

*Margaron (Unio) brevidens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 50. 


‘A ¢ placed before a species indicates that the type, or what are believed to be 
authentic specimens have been examined by the writer. 
2An * in front of a reference indicates that it has been verified. 


518 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


*Unio interruptus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p.69.—* Say, Am. Conch., VI, 
1834.—* ConrabD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 88, pl. xtvur; *Pr. Ac. N. Sei., Phila., 
VI, 1853, p. 250.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 182, pl. tvn, fig.3; 
pl. Lx, fig. 2.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x1v, fig. 56. 

*Truncilla interrupta AGAssiZ, Arch. fiir Naturg., I, 1852, p. 44. 


Tennessee drainage. 


+TRUNCILLA PENITA Conrad. 


“Unio penitus CONRAD, New F.W. Shells, 1834, pp. 33, 70, pl. v, fig. 1.—* FeRussac, 
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* M6LLER, Syn. Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 203.—* HANLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 183; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 183.—*CaTLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., IIT, 1845, p. 18, p]. 11, 
fig. 9.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—* H. and A. Apams, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* RrEEve, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xrv, 
fig. 55.—* PZ TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

*Margarita (Unio) penitus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 19; 1838, p. 16. 

*Margaron ( Unio) penitus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 36. 

“Unio compactus LEA, Proc.Ac. N. Sei. Phila., II, 1859, p. 154; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1859, p.218, pl. xx vin, fig. 98; *Obs. VII, 1859, p. 36, pl. xx vu, fig. 98. 

*“Margaron (Unio) compactus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36. 


Alabama and Tombigbee river drainage. 
+ TRUNCILLA MODICELLA Lea. 


*Unio modicellus Lea, Pr. Ac. Phila., III, 1859, p. 171; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., IV, 
1860, p. 347, pl. Lvu, fig.172; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 29, pl. Lvu, fig. 172.—* B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) modicellus' Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 41. 


Connasaugua and Chattanooga rivers, northwest Georgia. 


The following species? are unfigured and indeterminate: 


Truncilla (Unio) perplecus Rafinesque. 
Truncilla granulatus Rafinesque. 
Unio (Truncilla) metaplata Rafinesque. 


tTRUNCILLA LENIOR Lea. 


*Unio lenis Lua, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286.? 

*Unio lenior Lea., Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIL, 18438, p. 204, pl. x11, fig. 18; *Obs., II, 
1842, p. 42, pl. xu, fig. 18.—*Conrab, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.— 
*CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxvui, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. 
Rec. Moil., II, 1857, p. 492.—*REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvi, fig. 
75.—*P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 157. 

*Margaron (Unio) lenior La, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. 


Stone River, Tennessee; near Woodville, Alabama. 


‘Four specimens of this species are in the U. 8. National Museum collection, from 
the Connasauga River, Georgia, three of which are males, with a form something 
like that of 7. penita; the fourth is a young female, which distinctly shows a 
vadiately ridged post-basal swelling. 

?These are in continuation of Monography, 1831, p. 4. 

3Lea changed his name lenis to lenior, probably because Conrad had previously 
used the former for a species of Unio, which is no doubt a young ventricosus. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON, 519 


+TRUNCILLA METASTRIATA Conrad. 
* Unio metastriatus CONRAD, Mon., XII, 1840, p. 104, pl. Lvu, fig. 2. 


Black Warrior River and Woodville, Alabama. 


(Group of Trunecilla arceformis.) 


Shell greatly inflated, with a sharp posterior ridge, and two lesser 
ridges above it; inflation of the female flattened on its base. 


t+TRUNCILLA ARCAEFORMIS Lea. 


*Unio arceformis LEA, ‘Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1851, p. 116, pl. xvun, fig. 44; *Obs., I, 
1834, p. 126, pl. xv, fig. 44.—* ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 14.:— 
DEsHAYES, Tr. Element, Conch., 1839, p. 18, pl. xxIx, fig. 6.—*HANLEY, Test. 
Moll., 1842, p. 182; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 182, pl. xx11, fig. 40.—*CatTLow and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.55.—*DESHAYES, Traité Element., II, 1853, pl. 
XXIV, fig 6.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—*CuENuv, 
Ill. Coneh., 1858, pl. x11, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—*REEVE, Conch. Jcon., XVI, 1864, pl. 
XIV, fig. 57. 

*Margarita (Unio) arceformis LBA, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 16. 

Margaron (Unio) arceformis Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 36. 

*Truncilla arceformis AGassiz, Arch. fiir Naturg, I, 1852, p. 44. 

Unio nexus Say, Transylvania Jl., 1V, 1831, p. 527; *Say, Am. Conch., Pt. 6, 1834, 
pl. 11.2—*ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—*FERussAc, Guer. Mag., 
1835, p. 28.—*ConraD, Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 68, pl. xxx vill, fig. 1.—*KUSTER, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 69, pl. xvu, fig. 2.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1853, p. 252.—*Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 60. 


Tennessee and Cumberland river systems. 
Subgenus SCALENARIA (Rafinesque, 1820) Agassiz. 
(Type, Unio sulcatus Lea. ) 


Male shell having a wide, radiating, shallow depression in front of 
the posterior ridge; that of the female having a small, rounded, well- 
defined, radial post-basal swelling. Animal with marsupium occupy- 
ing the greater part of the outer branchie; mantle enlarged below; 
branchial opening, with few papille. 


(Group of Truncilla sulcata.) 


Shell elliptical, beaks high and well forward, male shell not radiately 
striated posteriorly. 


1This may be 7. triquetra. 

2 According to Binney, Unio nexus was first published in December, 1831, (Bib. N. 
Am. Conch., I, p. 266), and Scudder states that the fourth volume of the Transac- 
tions, containing Lea’s description of Unis arceformis, was published at the latter 
end of 1831, and acknowledged by correspondents as received that year (Bib. of pub- 
lications of Lea, 1885, p.3). As I am not able to say which has precedence, I prefer 
retaining the well-known name of Lea rather than that of Say, which is less known. 


520 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


tTRUNCILLA SULCATA Lea. 


* Unio sulcatus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p, 430, pl. vii, fig. 2.—*Say, 
Am. Conch., No. 1, 1830, pl. v.—SuHorr and Eavron, Transylvania J1., 1831, 
p. 75.—*LEA Obs., I, 1834, p. 44, pl. vu, fig. 12.—*Hanurey, Test. Moll., 1842, 
p. 188; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 188.—*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 
11, pl.1, figs. 5, 5a.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.64.—*CHENU, 
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x11, figs. 3, 3a, 3).—*H. and A. ApDams, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. "196. —*REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x1v, fig. 60. Beam, 
Gonek: Sam., ILi, 1890, p. 169. 

* Margarita (Unio) sulcatus LHA, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18. 

* Margaron (Unio) sulcatus Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. 

*Unio sulcata DESHAYES, An. sans Vert, 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 548; 3d ed., II, 1839, 
p. 672. : 

Unio ridibundus Say, New Harm. Diss., II, 1829, p.308; *Am. Conch., I, 1830, pl. 
v.—SHortT and Eaton, Transylvania Jl., 1851, p. 75.—*Conrap, New 
F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.—*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 11, pl.1, 
fig. 6.—*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 276, pl. xctl, fig. 2.—* REEVE, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl xv, fig. 63. 

*Unio obliquatus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—*Conrab, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 
70.—*KustTER, Conch. Cab., 1862, p. 274, pl. xem, fig. 3.—*AGassiz, Arch. fiir 
Naturg., I, 1852, p. 43.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253. 

*Unio gibbosus var. perobliquus CONRAD, Monog., VI, 1836, p. 50, pl. xxvil, fig. 2. 

Unio perobliquus CONRAD, Cover of Monog., VIII, 1837. 

*Unio pectitus CoNnRaD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255; Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., 1854, p. 297, pl. xxvu1, fig. 4. 


TRUNCILLA SULCATA var. DELICATA Simpson.! 


Ohio River drainage; the variety in the Detroit River and southern 
- Michigan. 
(Group of Truncilla haysiana.) 


Shell shining, round-oval; posterior part of both male and female 
distinctly radially sculptured. 


+TRUNCILLA HAYSIANA Lea. 


*Unio haysianus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1833, p. 35, pl. m1, fig. 7; *Obs., I, 1834, 
p. 147, pl. 111, fig. 7.—*HANLEY Test. Moll., 1842, p. 188; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 
188.—*CaTLOW and REEVE, Concent None ‘1845, p.59.—*ConrabD, Pr. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 209, pl. Lx1x, 
fig. 4.—*H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moli., II, 1857, p. 495. —*REEVE, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xv, fig. 62.—*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 154. 

*Margarita (Unio) haysianus Lra, Syn. 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18. 

*Margaron (Unio) haysianus Lua, Syn. 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41. 

*“Scalenaria haysiana AGassiz, Arch. fiir Naturg. I, 1852, p. 48. 

* Unio sowerbyanus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1839, p. 68, pl. x, fig. 28;2 *Obs. I, 
1834, p. 180, pl. x, fig. 28.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p..29.—* ConkaD, 


'Mr. Bryant Walker has sent me specimens of a form which I refer to this species 
that are smaller and in every way more delicate. I propose the above varietal 
name for it. 

*Male of T. haysiana. Unio haysianus and U. sowerbyanus were published in the 
same paper, the former having precedence. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 521 


Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 66, pl. xxxvu1, fig. 1.—* HANEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 

185; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185.—* Cartow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 

64.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p.62, pl. x1v, fig. 3.—* Conran, Pr, 

Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* H. and A. ADaMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 

_ 1857, p.496.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xIv, fig. 58.—* PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 168. 

*Margarita (Unio) sowerbyanus LEA, Syn. 1836, p. 20; 1838, p.17. 

*Margaron (Unio) sowerbyanus Lra, Syn. 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. 


Tennessee and Cumberland river systems. 
+TRUNCILLA OTHCALOOGENSIS Lea. 
“Unio othcaloogensis Lua, Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 32; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., LV, 1858, p. 74, pl. xiv, fig. 54; Obs. VI, 1858, p. 75, pl. xiv, fig. 54. 
*Margaron (Unio) othealoogensis LEA, Syn. 1870, p. 38. 


Othcalooga Creek, Gordon County, Georgia. 


Subgenus DYSNOMIA Agassiz. 1852. 
(Type, Unio foliatus Hildreth.) 


Shell of the male with a posterior and central radiating ridge, with 
a wide, flattened space between; that of the female with a greatly pro- 
duced inflation, which is but little behind the center of the base, it 
being a continuation of the central ridge. Animal with mantle beauti- 
fully maculate on its border; female animal unknown. 


+t TRUNCILLA FOLIATA Hildreth. 


*Unio foliatus HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 284, fig. 16.—* Conrap, New 
IF. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69.—* Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* HANLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 176; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 176.—* CatLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
497.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 143, fig. 705.—* HARPER, L. and F. W. Shells 
of Cinti., p. 4. 

*Margarita (Unio) foliatus Lea, Syn. 1836, p. 13; 1838, p. 14. 

*Margaron (Unio) foliatus Lea, Syn. 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 30. 

* Unio flecuosus CONRAD, Monog. I, 1835, p. 8, pl. rv, fig. 2.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. 
Unio, 1852, pp. 46, 211, pl. 1x, fig. 2; Lxx, fig. 1.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. 
Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. v1, fig. 22; 
Xa ML On Oo. 

*Dysnomia flecuosa AGASSIZ, Arch. fiir Naturg. I, 1852, p. 43. 


Ohio River drainage. 


+TRUNCILLA STEWARDSONI Lea. 


“Unio stewardsoni Lra, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 278, pl. xx111, fig. 36; * Obs. 
V, 1852, p. 34, pl. xxim, fig. 36.—*Conrap, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* REEVE, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xv, fig. 66.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 168. ; 

*Margaron (Unio) stewardsoni Lea, Syn. 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 38. 


Tennessee River. 


'T have seen only the type of this species, apparently a young female, which is a 
reddish buff-colored, shining shell, somewhat more elongated than 7. haysiana, but 
which probably groups with it. 


522 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XX. 


Subgenus PILEA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio personatus Say.) 


Male shell with a wide, shallow, radiating depression in front of 
the posterior ridge, that of the female with a rounded, foliaceous 
swelling at the posterior base. Animal with post basal flap of mantle of 
female very heavy; ovisacs not extending to the top of the marsupium. 


(Group of Truncilla personata.) 


Shell inflated, rather solid, nearly as high as long; female not having 
a central depression, post basal swelling smail. 


+ TRUNCILLA PERSONATA Say. 


Unio personatus Say, New Harm. Diss. IT, No. 20, 1829, p. 309.—* Ferussac, 
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* CONRAD, Monee V, 1836, p. 47, pl. xx1v.—* Han- 
LEY, Test. iron 1842, p. 202; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 262.—* CaTLow and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.— * KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 48, 
pl. x, fig. 1.—* Conran, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—* H. and A. 
ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* REEVk, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, 
pl. xv, fig. 64.—* P@TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 116. 

* Margarita (Unio) personatus Lra, Syn. 1836, p. 33; 1838, p. 23. 

* Margaron (Unio) personatus LEA, Syn. 1852, p. 85; 1870, p. 38. 

*Scalenaria personata AGASSIZ, feon fiir Naturg. I, 1852, p. 43. 

*Unio pileus Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 119, pl. xvii, fig. 47.—* Con- 
RAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.—* Lea, Obs. I, 1834, p. 129, pl. x vu, fig. 
47.—* Frrussac,- Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28,—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 
185; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185.—*CatTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 
62.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xv, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.— HL, and A. oat Gen. 
Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xv, fig. 64.— 
* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 

*Margarita (Unio) pileus Lea, Syn. 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17. 

*Margaron (Unio) pileus Lua, Syn. 1852, p. 24. 

*Unio capillaris Lea, Tran, Am. Phil. Soce., V, 1834, p. 29, pl. uy, fig. 2; * Obs. I, 1834, 
p. 141, pl. 11, fig. 2.—* FERUSSAC, Gnen. Mag., 1835, p. 29. 


Ohio River drainage. Fare. 
(Group of Truncilla perpiexa.) 


Shell of the male with median and posterior radiating ridges, both of 
which are usually somewhat nodose; postbasal expansion of the female 
rounded, large, thin, placed far back. 


t TRUNCILLA PERPLEXA Lea.! 


*Unio perplexcus Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 112, pl. xv, fig. 42; * Obs. 
T, 1834, p. 122, pl. xvi, fig. 42.—* HANLrEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 181; * Biv. 
Shells, 1843, p. 181, pl. x x11, fig. 39.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, 
p. 62.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* CHENU, III. 
Conch., 1858, pl. XVIII, figs. 5, 5a, 5d. 

* Margarita (Unio) perplexus LEA, Syn. 1836, p.17; 18388, p. 16. 


1Lea’s species was published, according to Scudder (Bibliography of Isaac Lea, 
p. 3), in the latter part of 1831. Rafinesque published a species, “Truncilla, Unio 
perplexus,” in the Continuation of a Monograph in October, 1831, which I can not 
identify. I do not know which name appeared first, but I think it best to retain 
the well-known and properly described name of Dr. Lea. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 523 


* Margaron (Unio) Pas LEa, aon, 1852 2, p. 1.23: 1870, p. BL, 

* Unio gibbosus FERUSSAC, Guer. ae 1835, p. 27.—ConraD, Monog. VI, 1836, p. 
50, pl. xxvui, fig.1.—REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x1, fig. 41, 41a, 41d. 

*Dysnomia gibbosa AGassiz, Arch. fiir Nat., I, 1852, p. 43. 

*Unio gibbosus, Raf. v. perplecus P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153. 

*Unio torulosus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72; * Proc. Acad. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259. - 

*Unio obliquus Porimz and MIcHauD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 153, pl. Lv, figs. 3, 4. 


+TRUNCILLA PERPLEXA var. RANGIANA Lea. 


*Unio rangianus Lea, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1839, p. 95, pl. xvitt, fig. 563} 
* Obs., II, 1838, p. 95, pl. XVI, fig. 56.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, 
p. 237.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 187; ~ Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187, pl. xx1, 
fig. 48.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. 
Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., JI, 1857, 
-p. 495.—* CHENU., Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. XXIV, figs. 5, 54, 5b.—* KuUSTER, Conch. 
Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 257, p]. LXxxxvui, fig. 1; LXXXIX, fig. 1.—* REEVE, Conch. 
Teon., XVI, 1864, pl. xiv, fig. 54.—* P&TeEL, Conon: Sam., III, 1890, p. 164. 

* Margar ita (Unio) rangianus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 18. 

* Margaron (Unio) rangianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. 

* Unio gubernaculum REEVE, Goueln Teon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvin, fig. 146.—P TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154. 


+TRUNCILLA PERPLEXA var. CINCINNATIENSIS Lea. 


*Unio cincinnatiensis LEA, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 285; *Tr. Am. Phil. 
Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 194, pl. vir, fig. 4; *Obs., IIT, 1842, p. 32, pl. vim, fig. 4.— 
*CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., IJ, 1857, p. 497.—* CHENU., Il].Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.— 
* PATEL Gana Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

* Margaron ( ™nio) cincinnatiensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33. 

*Unio phillipsii REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. rv, fig. 15. 


Ohio River drainage; southern Michigan? The variety rangianus 
to south Michigan. 
t+TRUNCILLA SAMPSONII Lea. 
*Unio sampsoniti Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1861, p. 392; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 


Phila., V, 1862, p. 192, pl. xxv, fig. 261; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 14, pl. xxv, fig. 
261; Syn., 1870, p. 40. 


Wabash River; Tennessee? 


+t TRUNCILLA PROPINQUA Lea. 


*Onio propinquus Lr, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 83; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 63, pl. v, fig. 212; *~Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 67, pl. v, fig. 212.—* Sow- 
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXIXx, fig. 417.—* P#1TEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 164. 

*Margaron ( Unio.) propinquus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 54. 


Tennessee and Cumberland river drainage. 


1Dr. Lea claims that the animal of this form is lighter colored than that of per- 
plexus, and quotes Mr. Clark, of Cincinnati, who states that this is known there as 
the White Mouth. The shells seem to absolutely biend together, and I have 
observed a wide range of color in the animals of a number of species of the genus. 


524 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


tTRUNCILLA BIEMARGINATA Lea. 


* Unio biemarginatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p.83; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1866, p. 47, pl. xvi, fig. 45; *Obs., XI, 1867, p.51, pl. xvi, fig. 45. 
*Margaron (Unio) biemarginatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 38. 


Tennessee River drainage. 
+ TRUNCILLA CAPSA2FORMIS Lea. 


* Unio capseformis Lra, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1834, p.31, pl. 11, fig. 4; *Obs., I, p. 
143, pl. 1, fig. 4.—* ConraD, Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 72, pl. XL, fig. 2.—* FrRus- 
Sac, Guer. Mag., 1839, p. 29.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p.191, *Biv. Shells, 
1843, p. 19, pl. XxJ, fig. 5.—* CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.57.— 
*ICusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 42, pl. vi, fig. 5.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 493.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvu, figs. 79, 79a, 79).— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 190, p. 147. 

*Margarita (Unio) capseformis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. 

*Margaron (Unio) capseformis Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. 

Tennessee River drainage. 


+ TRUNCILLA FLORENTINA Lea. 


* Unio florentinus Lwa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1857, p.83; *J1l. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 64, pl. v, fig. 213; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 68, pl. v, fig. 213.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) florentinus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. 

* Unio turgidulus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IL, 1858, p.40; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 62, pl. v, fig. 211; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 66, pl. v, fig. 211.—* RERVE, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvu, fig. 80.—* PasrEex, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 
170. 

* Margaron (Unio) turgidulus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 42. 

* Unio nua KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 218, pl. Lx xi, fig. 2. 

* Unio sacculus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xv, fig. 67.—* ANTHONY, Am. 
Je Conch. 1) 1865; pp. ToT pla xan, tio. 3" 

* Unio saccatus KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 263, pl. LXXxIX, fig. 2.—* P&HTEL, 
Conch. Sai., III, 1890, p. 166. 


Tennessee River drainage; Cumberland River. 
+ TRUNCILLA DEVIATA Reeve. 


* Unio deviatus' REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xv, fig. 61.—*ANTHONY, Am. 
Jl. Conch., 1, 1865, p. 156, pl. x1, fig. 2.—* B. H. WrieHr, Check List, 1888,— 
P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 

* Margaron (Unio) deviatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. 


Cumberland and Tennessee rivers. 


Genus MICROMYA (Agassiz, 1852) Simpson. 
(Type, Unio fabalis Lea.) 
Micromya AGassiz, Arch. fiir Nat., 1852, p. 57. 


Shell triangular oval, solid, dark, feebly rayed with undulating lines; 
beak sculpture almost wanting, consisting of a few feeble, doubly-looped 


‘Reeve credits this name to Anthony’s manuscript in Museum Cuming. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 525 


ridges; hinge teeth heavy, laterals club-shaped and truncated poste- 
riorly; post-basal swelling of the female distinct and often rather 
abrupt, sometimes somewhat irregularly radially ridged, the shell of 
this part being rather thin. 

Animal with mantle fringed below, maculate on the border, which is 
greatly thickened at the post-basal part in the female and developed 
into a flap, with a distinct, toothed ridge inside; marsupium occupying 
the posterior part of the outer branchiz in numerous distinctly marked 
ovisacs; inner gills free from abdominal sac in part. 


(Group of Micromya fabalis.) 


Shell small, with faint undulate rays, inflated area of female scarcely 
radiately striated. 


+t MICROMYA FABALIS Lea. 


* Unio fabalis,! La, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 86, pl. x, fig.6; *Obs., I, 1834, p. 
96, pl. x, fig. 16.—* FeRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 
1842, p. 196; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 196.—* CaTLowand REEVE, Conch. Nom., 
1845, p. 59; *H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CHENu, 
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. v1, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* SoweERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, 
Jol Soro yay ner, WEI. 

* Margarita (Unio) fabalis LEA, Syn., 1886, p. 28; 1858, p. 20. 

* Margaron (Unio) fabalis Lma, Syn., 1852, p.31; 1870, p. 49. 

Unio capillus Say, Transylvania Journ., IV, 1831, p. 528. ZA 

*Unio lapillus Say, Am. Conch., V, 1832, pl. xr; VI, 1834, No. 49.—*Conrap, New, 
EF. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.; *~ Monog., VI, 1836, p. 54, pl. xxx, fig. 12.—* CHENU, 
Bib. Conch., Ist ser. III, 1845, p.52, pl. xiv, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* Kuster, Conch. 
Cab., 1848, p. 53, pl. x1, fig.3.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 
251.—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 
156. 

Ohio River drainage; Rouge River, near Detroit, Michigan; New York. 
(Group of Micromya celata.) 


Shell triangular ovate, with alow, rounded posterior ridge; male and 
female shells distinctly wrinkled behind. 


tMICROMYA CZ®LATA Conrad. 


*Unio celatus CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci. and Arts, XXV, 1834, p. 338, pl. 1, fig. 1; 

New, F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 29, pl. 111, fig. 4, p. 68.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 
1835, p. 29.—* MGLLER, Syn. Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 199.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 
1842, p.175; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 175.—* CuENv, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 
1845, p. 16, pl. 111, fig. 3.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* REEVE, Conch. 


‘According to Scudder the volume of the Transactions containing this species 
appeared in the latter part of 1831, and was acknowedged by correspondents as 
- received that year. Say published his U. capillus in the Transylvania Journal for 
December, 1831, and in the American Conchlogy changed it to lapillus. It is proba- 
ble that Lea’s name was published first. 


526 PROCHEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. © 


Icon., XVI, 164, pl. 11, fig. 7.—*B H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—~ P2TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 
* Margarita (Unio) celatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 12; 1838, p. 14. 
* Margaron (Unio) celatus L¥A, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 20. 
Tennessee River drainage; cited from Michigan by Sager and Miles, 
certainly in error. They might have mistaken for this a rather high 
specimen of fabalis. 


Genus LAMPSILIS Rafinesque, 1820. 
(Type, Unio ovatus Say.) 


Lampsilis RAFINESQUE, Aun. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p. 298. 


Shell oval to elliptical, smooth or slightly concentrically sculptured, 
usually without a posterior ridge; epidermis generally smooth and shin- 
ing, often brilliantly rayed; beak sculpture, for the most part, consist- 
ing of fine, parallel ridges, which show a tendency to fall into an ante- 
rior and posterior loop; hinge with one or two pseudocardinals and 
one lateral in the right valve, and two pseudocardinals and two lat- 
erals in the left; female shell having a moderate and gradual inflation 
in the post-ventral region opposite the marsupium. Animal with the 
inner gills usually attached nearly or quite their entire length to the 
abdominal sac; marsupium occupying the hinder part of the outer gills; 
ovisacs distinct, separated by sulci, rounded below, having a fold near 
their bases, the whole projecting below the inner gills; mantle edge 
double and thickened, often swollen behind into a sort of flap in the 
female. 

Section LAMPSILIS Rafinesque. 


(Type, Unio ovatus Say.) 


Shell inflated, rather thin, shining, sometimes having a posterior 
ridge; beak sculpture coarse, consisting of a few, more or less, parallel 
ridges, which scarcely fallinto loops. Animal having the mantle of the 
female usually toothed and thickened on the post-basal portion, which 
develops into a large, curious flap when the gills are filled with ova. 


-+LAMPSILIS VENTRICOSUS Barnes. 


* Unio ventricosus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 267, pl. x1, fig. 14 (outline).— 
*Say, Am. Conch., No. IV, 1832, pl. xxx11.—* FERuSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 
26.—*C. B. Apams, Thompson’s History of Vermont, 1842, p. 167; F. W. 
and L. S. of Vermont, 1842, p. 17.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 189; * Biv. 
Shells, 1843, p. 189, pl. xx1v, fig. 8.—* DE Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 6, 1843, p. 
190.—* CHENu, Bib. Conch., 1st ser. III, 1845, p. 45, pl. xu, figs. 1, 2.—* H. 
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., IT, 1857, pp. 492, 495.—* SowErRBY, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1866, pl. x11, fig. 235.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

* Mya ventricosus EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 221. 

* Margarita (Unio) ventricosus LBA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18. 

* Margaron (Unio) ventricosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41. 

* Lampsilis ventricosus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 94, pl. X11, figs. 3-5.— 
*Smiru, Bull, U.S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pl. LXXXIM. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 527 


* Lampsilis ventricosa STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14. 

* Unio radiatus HILDRETH, Am. J1. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 286. 

Unio occidens Lra, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1829, p. 435, pl. x, fig. 16.—Snorv and 
EaToNn, Transylvania J1., 1831, p.78.—* Lea, Obs., I, 1834, p. 49, pl. x, fig. 16.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.189; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 189.—* CarLow and 
RrxEvk, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—* Kustmr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 170, 
pl. 11, figs. 1, 2.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xm, figs. 5, 5a,5b.—*H. and 

: A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CaLkins, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 
1874, p. 44.—* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa Field. Nat. Club, 1882, p.51.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. ; 

* Margarita (Unio) occidens LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18. 

- * Margaron (Unio) oecidens Lma, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41.1 

* Unio subovatus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 118, pl. xvu, fig. 46;2 
* Obs., I, 1834, p. 128, pl. xvi, fig. 46.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 184; 
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 184, pl. xx, fig. 43.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. 
Nom., 1845, p. 64." CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x11, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* H. 
and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* SowerBy, Conch. Ieon., 
XVI, 1866, pl. Xxx1I, fig. 163; 1868, pl. Lxxxv, fig. 456.—*B. H. Wriaut, 
Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 

_* Margarita ( Unio) subovatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 19; 1838, p.17. 

* Margaron (Unio)subovatus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. 

*Unio cardium CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68.2—Say. Am. Conch., VI, 
1834.—ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—KusrrEr, Conch. Cab. 
Unio, 1856, p. 169, pl. L, figs. 1-4. 

* Unio cardium Raf. v. occidens PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 

* Unio cardium Raf. v. ventricosus P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 

* Unio fasciolus, FERusSAC, Guer. Mag. 1835, p. 26. 

* Unio ovata, DESHAYES, An. sans. Vert., 3d ed. 1839, p. 669. 

*Unio ovatus KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 55, pl. x11, fig. 1. 

*Unio lenis CONRAD, Monog., XII, 1840, p. 106, pl. Lv, fig. 2.4 

*Unio canadensis Lea, Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p.85;° *Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila., LV, 1860, p. 268, pl. xiv, fig. 148; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 86, pl. xxtv, fig. 
148.—B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) canadensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. 

*Unio dolabreformis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. LIx, p. 298. 

*Unio latissimus SOWERBY ?, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXV1, fig. 337. 


TLAMPSILIS VENTRICOSUS var. SATUR Lea. 


“Unio satur LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc.,V., 1852, p. 25256 Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, 
p. 205, pl. x vil, fig. 19; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 21, pl. xvit, fig. 19.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.257.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 


‘Lea says this is so close to U. ventricosus that it would be well to unite them. 
Foot note in Synopsis, 1870, p. 41. 

>This is, | am sure, a fine male U. ventricosus Barnes. Dr. Lea is inclined to this 
opinion in a footnote on p. 118 of the Transactions. 

‘Conrad refers this species to Rafinesque. From the latter author’s figure and 
description of Lampsilis cardium it is evident that it is a member of the ventricosus 
group, but whether it is the U. ventricosus of Barnes, the U. capax of Green, or some 
other species, [am unable to determine. Conrad and some other authors believe it to 
be Barnes’s species. 

4 The type in the Philadelphia Academy is a young U. ventricosus. 

° The type is a diseased individual, and is probably a compressed male ventricosus. 

° J believe this to be merely a rather delicate, dark-colored variety of ventricosus, 
which inhabits the southwestern part of the Mississippi drainage. 


528 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


p. 496.—* CuENu, Man., 1859, II, p. 138, fig. 666.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1868, pl. xcu, fig. 501.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEt, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166. 

* Margaron (Unio) satur Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. 


Entire Mississippi drainage; St. Lawrence system; Nelson River and 
tributaries; the variety satur in the Southwest to the Sabine River, 
Texas. 

+LAMPSILIS EXCAVATUS Lea. 


* Unio excavatus Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p.32; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1858, p. 71, pl. x11, fig. 52; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 71, pl. x11, fig. 52.—*CHENU, 
Man., 1859, II, p. 138, fig. 665.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxx, 
VII, p. 403.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 
1890, p. 152. 

*Margaron (Unio) excavatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 37. 

*? Unio ovatus SAY var. ornatus CONRAD, Monog., I, 1835, p. 4.! 

*Unio ornatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. Xxx1, fig. 162.—*B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 


Tombigbee and Alabama river drainage. 
+ LAMPSILIS BINOMINATUS Simpson.? 


* Unio lineatus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soe.,VIIT, | 
1842, p. 206, pl. x11, fig. 20; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 44, pl. xu, fig. 20.—* Conran, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll. 
II, 1857, p. 497.—* CuENnu, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxviut, figs. 1, la, 16.— 
* KuSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 278, pl. xcrv, fig. 1.—* SOWERBY, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx1, fig. 309.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888,— 
* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157. 

* Margaron (Unio) lineatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 41. 


Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, Georgia. 


t LAMPSILIS CARIOSUS Say. 


Unio cariosus Say, Nich. Encye., II, 1816, pl. 111, fig. 2.2—SnHorr and Eaton 
Transylvania Jl. 1831, p.70.—* Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—*Conrab, New 
F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* CONRAD, 
Monog. IV, 1836. p. 40, pl. x1x.—* GOULD, Inv. of Mass., 1841, p. 111, fig. 72.— 
* BINNEY, Inv. of Mass., 1870, p. 172, fig. 475.—* REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 
119, pl. LXXXxIx, fig. 10.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 190.—* DE Kay, Zool. 
of N. Y., Pt.5, 1843, p. 193, pl. Xx1, figs. 243, 244.4—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, 
p. 190, pl. xx, fig. 22.—*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.— 
*KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 24, pl. 1, figs. 2, 3.—*~ ConraD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1835, p.246.—* DEwny, Ninth Rep. N. Y. State Cab., 1856, 
p.35.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* SowERBy, 


1Tt is hard to tell just what this is, as Conrad does not figure or describe it. He 
states that while it is probably excavatus it is not certainly so, and he does not think 
it wise to displace Lea’s properly described and figured species for it. 

2 Lea’s name was preoccupied by Valenciennes (Encyc. Meth., II, 1827, p. 151, pl. 
COXLVIU, fig. 5) for what is probably U.radiatus. I change it to binominatus. 

3 The first edition of Nicholson’s Encyclopedia is dated 1816, fide W. G. Binney, 
Bib. N. Am.Conch., I, 1863, p. 25, and by Lea, Synopsis, 4th ed., pp. 154, 159. 

4The figures are very probably taken from U. ventricosus. 


NO, 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAL ADE Ss SIMPSON. 529 


Gonche ‘Teas, XVI, 1867, val LVIIl, Be ORO VAL a Hn and MICHENER, 
Conch. Cest., 187 74, p. 38, fig. 1838.—* LaTrcurorD, Tr. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, 
1882, p. 51.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 147.—* Simpson, Nautilus VITI, 1895, p. 122, 2 figures.! 

*Margarita (Unio) cariosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18. 

Margaron (Unio) cariosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.27; 1870, p. 42. 

* Unio cariosa LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80.—* DEsHayns, An. sars 
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 545; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 671. 

* Mya cariosa EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 218. 

* Lampsilis cariosa STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14. 

* Unio ovatus var. b. LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75. 

* Unio ovata VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool. Anat., II, 1833, p. 226, pl. 1, figs. 1, 
Gi, ID, Ike; 

* Unio viridis FERUsSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27. 

* Unio oratus CONRAD, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1V, 1849, p. 301; * Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1849, p. 153; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1850, p. 276, pl.xxxvui; fig. 
6; Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254. 


Atlantic drainage from Georgia to the lower St. Lawrence.’ 
+LAMPSILIS ALTILIS Conrad. 


*Unio altilis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 43, pl. 1, fig. 1, and p. 68.— 
*FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 
207.—* HaNLeEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 190; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190.—* CaTtLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 55.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, 
p. 21, pl. 1, fig. 1.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 244.—* H. 
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 
1888.—* P@& TEL, Conch. Sam., TH, 1890, p. 144. 

ienGeERe (Unio) altilis LEa, ca 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. 

*Margaron ( Unio) altilis LEA., Sone 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. 


Alabama River drainage; Little Red River, Clinton, Arkansas? 
tLAMPSILIS DOLABRA=FORMIS Lea. 


*Unio dolabreformis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 103, pl. xxrv, fig. 113; 
*Obs., II, 1838, p. 103, pl. xx1v, fig. 113.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 
1839, II, p. 237.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 189; * Biv. Shells., 1843, p. 
189, pl. xxi, fig. 47.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.— 
* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* CuHENu, Il. Conch., 1858, 
pl. Xx1ul, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.— 
* KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 170, pl. Lu, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H.Wrieut, Check 
List, 1888.—* Pate, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. 

*Margarita (Unio) dolabreformis Lia, Syn., 1838, p. 18. 

*Margaron (Unio) dolabrwformis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 41. 


Savannah, Ogeechee, and Altamaha rivers, Georgia. 
+ LAMPSILIS CAPAX Green. 


*Unio capax GREEN, Cab. Nat. Hist., II, 1832, p. 290.—*Conrap, New F. W. 
Shells, 1834, p. 68.—* FERussaAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* ConRAD, Monog., 
IX, 1837, p. 75, pl. xiir.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, pp. 21, 65, pl. 
Xv, fig. 3.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. 


- By an error the Reine ai hes species and U, eelna aceus were changed. 
?Thespecimens referred to this species that are often reported from the Mississippi 
drainage are no doubt L. ventricosus. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 34 


530 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* SowErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 
1866, pl. Lu, fig. 274.—* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Nat. Sci., 1874, p. 41.—* B. H. 
WriGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 

* Ma,sgaron (Unio) capax LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. 

* Lampsilis capax Smiru, Bull. U.S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pl. LXxxty. 

* Symphynota globosa LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1832, p. 41, pl. Iv, fig. 12; *Obs., 
I, 1834, p. 153, pl. Iv, fig. 12.—* Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. 

* Margarita ( Unio) globosa Lra, Syn., 1836, p. 23. 

* Unio globosus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 188; “Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 189.— 
*CaTLOw and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59. ; 

* Margarita (Unio) globosus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 18. 


Lower Ohio River drainage; southwest to St. Francis River, Arkan- 
sas; north to eastern Iowa; Elkhorn and Blue rivers, Nebraska? 
(Aughey). Abundant locally. 


+LAMPSILIS OVATUS Say.! 


Unio ovatus Say, Nich. Encye., II, 1816, pl. 11, fig. 7.—* Lamarck, An. sans 
Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75.—* HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 287.—SHORT 
and EaTon Trans. J1., 1831, p. 78.—* Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Conran, 
New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70; *Monog. I, 1835, p. 4, pl. 11.—* FERussac, Guer. 
Mag., 1835, p. 26. —* HANLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 184; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 
184.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.62.—* KusTmrR, Conch. Cab. 
Unio, 1852, p. 22, pl. m1, fig. 2.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 
254.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* SowERBY, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. Xxx1, fig. 164.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888,— 
* PamtTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

* Margarita (Unio) ovatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.19; 1838, p. 17. 

*Margaron (Unio) ovatus, LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. 

* Unio ovata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p.75.—* Stark, Nat. Hist., II, 1828, 
p. 90.—?* VALENCIENNES, Coq. Marines, Biv.,!1833, pl. L, figs. 1, la, 1b, 1le.— 
*DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 538; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 669. 

*Lampsilis ovata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., V, 1820, p. 298. 

*Mya ovata EaTON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 218. 

* Aglia ovata SWAINSON, Treat. on, Mal., 1840, p. 266, fig. 49. 


Ohio River drainage. 
+LAMPSILIS OCHRACEUS Say. 


Unio ochraceus Say, Nich. Encye., 1816, pl. 11, fig. 8.—* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 
1834, p. 70.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* Conrab, Monog., IV, 1836, 
p. 37, pl. Xvi1l, fig. 2.—* GOULD, Inv. Mass., 1841, p. 112, fig. 74; 1870, p. 173, fig. 
476.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 190; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190, pl. xx, fig. 
48?—* DE Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 193, pl. Lx1x, figs. 237, 238.— 
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.62.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—* KustTEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 163, pl. xLvm, 
fig. 1.—* H. and A. ApDams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* Sowmrsy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx111, fig. 317.—* HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. 
Cest., 1874, p. 39, fig. 184.—* B. H.WriGutT, Check List, 1888.— PaTEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.—* Simpson, Nautilus, VIII, 1895, p. 122, fig.2 

*Margaron ( Unio) ochraceus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.27; 1870, p. 42. 

*Mya ochracea EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 218. 


1The name ovatus was used for Unio tumidus Retz, by Lister, Donovan, and others, 
but as it was called a Mya and the generic name Unio was never used with it, Say’s 
name can stand for this species. 


2 The figure given for this species, by an error of the printer, is a female cariosus. 


Fen ect, 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 531 


* Symphynota ochracea LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., II], 1830, p. 455; “Obs. I, 1834, p. 69. 

* Margarita (Unio) ochracea LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18. 

*Lampsilis ochracea STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14. 

*Unio crocatus LrA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 31; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1842, p. 238, pl. xxuJ, fig. 52; * Obs., ILI, 1842, p. 76, pl. x x11, fig. 52.—* Conran, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—* CHENU, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. xx x11, 
figs. 1, la, 1b.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* B. H. 
Wariagut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149. 

* Margaron (Unio) crocatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. 

*Unio rosaceus CONRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci., Phila., IV, 1849, p. 153; *Ann. and 
Mag. Nat. Hist., IV, 1849, p. 303; *J1l. Acad. N. Sci., Phila., I, 1850, p. 275, 
pl. Xxxvil, fig. 5. 

* Unio troostensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxvu1, fig. 210. 

* Unio afinis SowERBY? Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx1tr, fig. 318. 


Atlantic drainage, from New England to the Ogeechee River, 


Georgia. 
tLAMPSILIS SPLENDIDUS Lea. 


*Unio splendidus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 70, pl. x1x, fig.61; * Obs., IT, 
1838, p. 70, pl. x1x, fig. 61.—* TROsSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg.,V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
237.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 190; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190.—* CaTLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64..—* KusreEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 
55, pl. x1, fig. 2.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—--* H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CuENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xvi, 
figs. 7, 7a, 7b.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. xx x1, fig. 161.—* B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 168. 

* Margarita ( Unio) splendidus Lra, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18. 

* Margaron (Unio) splendidus La, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. 

*Unio regularis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xxxIv, fig. 181. 


Altamaha and Ogeechee rivers, Georgia. 


LAMPSILIS DELUMBIS Conrad.! 


* Unio delumbis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 35, pl.v, fig. 3; p. 69.—* FERUS- 
sac, Guerin Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 204.— 
*CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845, p. 18, pl. 1, fig. 10.—* Conrap, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1857, p. 248.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888,— 
* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 


Small streams near Cooper River, South Carolina. 


+LAMPSILIS PEROVALIS Conrad. 


*Unio perovalis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 43, pl. u, fig. 2, p. 71.— 
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 207.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.191; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 191.—* CatLow and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 
21, pl. 1, fig. 2.—* ConrapD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—* H.and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., Il, 1857, p. 494.—* KusTErR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, 
p. 257, pl. LXXxvu, fig. 2.—*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, 
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 163. 

* Margarita ( Unio) perovalis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. 

* Margaron (Unio) perovalis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. 


Alabama and Black. Warrior rivers. 


Doe PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. X11. 


,LAMPSILIS PERPASTUS Lea. 


“Unio perpastus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p..60; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 69, pl. vu, fig. 219; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 73, pl. vii. fig. 219.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. ’ 

*Margaron (Unio) perpastus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43. 


Swamp Creek, Georgia; Coosa River, Alabama. 


+ LAMPSILIS CLARKIANUS Lea. 


*Unio clarkianus Lua, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 
1852, p. 273, pl. xx1, fig. 30; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 29, pl. xx1, fig. 30.—* CONRAD, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 493.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa:rEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 148. 

* Margaron ( Unio) clarkianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. 

*t Unio spillmanii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XIII,1861, p. 39; *J1l. Acad. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 98, pl. xv, fig. 246; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 102, pl. xv, fig. 246.— 
*B. H. WriecutT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) spillmanii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. 


Williamsport, Tennessee; near Columbus, Mississippi; Cahawba and 
Black Warrior rivers, Alabama. 


+LAMPSILIS GERHARDTII Lea. 


“Unio gerhardtii Lea, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p.168; *J1l. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 208, pl. xxxzJ, fig. 277; * Obs., IX, 1863, p. 30, pl. xxx1, fig. 
277.—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron ( Unio) gerhardtii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. 


Chattanooga (river?), Georgia; Shorter, Alabama. 


+ LAMPSILIS MULTIRADIATUS Lea. 


*Unio multiradiatus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1829, p. 434, pl. rx, fig. 15; * Obs. I, 
1834, p. 48, pl. rx, fig. 15.—* CoNnRAD, N. F.W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* DESHAYES, 
An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 549; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 673.—* Haney, Test. 
Moll., 1842, p.190; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190, pl. xxi, fig. 10.—* CaTLow and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 1857, 
p. 494.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xu, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* SOWERBY, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxx, fig. 506a.—* B. H. WricuT, Check List, 1888.— 
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160. 

* Margarita (Unio) multiradiatus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. 

* Margaron (Unio) multiradiatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.31; 1870, p. 42. 

* Unio fasciolus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* ConrabD, Monograpby, III, 1836, p. 
26, pl. x1, fig. 2.—* KusrER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 82, pl. v, fig. 4. 

*t Unio perradiatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p.40; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 66, pl. vi, fig. 215; Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 70, pl. vi, fig. 215.—* B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888.. ; 

* Margaron (Unio) perradiatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. 

* Unio altilis, REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx111, fig. 109. 

* Unio perovalis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. Xxxxv111, fig. 209. 


Entire Ohio River drainage; Southern Michigan; New York? (Mar- 
shall). 


A: 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 533 


+LAMPSILIS DOLIARIS Lea. 


Unio doliaris Lna, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X VII, 1865, p.88; *J!. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1868, p.260, pl. xxxuI, tig. 75; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 20, pl. xx xu, fig. 75.— 
*B. H. WriGuT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) doliaris LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. 


Alabama and Tombigbee drainage. 


7,LAMPSILIS BREVICULUS Call. 


* Unio breviculus CALL, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p. 499, pl. xxvitt; * Tr. Ac. 
Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 6, pl. xv. 


tLAMPSILIS BREVICULUS var. BRITTSI Simpson. 
*Lampsilis brittsi Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 76, pl. v, figs. 1, 2.! 
White and Current rivers, Arkansas; Texas County, Missouri. 


tLAMPSILIS BIANGULATUS Lea.’ 


* Unio biangulatus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1843, p. 197, pl. 1x, fig. 8; * Obs., ILI, 1842, p.35, pl. rx, fig. 8.—* Conran, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 245.—*CuHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs. 
7, Ta, 7b.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec, Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* KustrEr, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 189, pl. Lx, fig. 1; pl. Lx1, fg. 1.—*SoweErsy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxx, fig. 421.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 
1888.—* PaTeEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 146. 

Margaron (Unio) biangulatus LEA Syn., 1852, p. 38, 1870, p. 61. 


Tennessee drainage. 


LAMPSILIS SUBVEXA Conrad.? 


* Anodonta subveca CONRAD, Am. J1. Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 341, pl.1, fig.1; *New F.W. 
Shells, 1834, p. 73.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag. 1835, p.25.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. 
Gen., 1836, p. 194.—* Conrab, Pr. Acad. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.— 
“H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check 
List, 1888.—* PTre., Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185. 


1At the time I published the L. brittsi I believed it to be a valid species. Since 
then I have seen additional material which seems to be a connecting link between 
it and L. breviculus. JI can not be certain as to the relationships of this form, which 
seems on the one hand to have characters belonging to the typical section of Lamp- 
silis and on the other to be related to L. spatulatus and L. pleasi. 

2The systematic position of this species is a little uncertain. In the form of the 
shell and the teeth it seems to belong in the Ventricosus group, but the texture and 
broken rays apparently ally it to the Ligamentinus group. The soft parts agree best 
with those of members of the former assemblage, so I place it here. 

31 do not know what this is, nor where it belongs, but it is certainly not a true 
Anodonta. The shell, according to Conrad’s figure, is rayed throughout, and iooks 
very much like a young U. ventricosus. He says that it has a callus resembling an 
incipient tooth; that it inhabits the Black Warrior River, and that it is very rare. 
It is just possible that it is related to some of the so-called Margaritanas of the 
Southern States, such as W. spillmani, but I think it more likely some young form of 
the Ventricosus group in which the hinge has been injured. I place it here with the 
greatest hesitation. 


534 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XX. 


* Margarita (Anodonta) subvexa LEA, Syn., 1836, p.52; 1838, p. 31. 
*Anodon subvexa CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p, 68. 
*Margaron (Anodonta) subvexa LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 81. 


Black Warrior River, Alabama. 


Section EURYNIA Rafinesque, 1820, 
(Type, Unio recta Lamarck.) 


Shell oval to oblong; beak sculpture delicate, doubly looped; mantle 
double edged and often toothed below; that of the female sometimes 
developed into a thickened flap at the post base.! 


(Group of Lampsilis luteolus.) 


Shell shining, generally rayed; beak sculpture often broken, with 
the posterior loop open behind; pseudocardinals rather small, com- 
pressed, smooth inside, and often curved slightly upward. 


+LAMPSILIS LUTEOLUS Lamarck. 


* Unio luteola LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 79.—*DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 
2d ed. VI, 1835, p. 544; 3d ed. II, 1839, p. 671. 

* Unio luteolus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192.—* DE Kay, Zool. of New York, Pt. 
5, 1843, p. 190, pl. xx, fig. 241.—* Haney, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 192, pl. xx111, 
fig. 16.—* CaTLOow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—*CoNnrRaD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 494.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lvul, fig. 293, 293a, 293b.— 
* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. Nat. Club, 1882, p. 51.—* B. H. Wriegut, Check 
List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.—* CauL, Tr. Acad. Sci. St. 
Louis, VII, 1895, p. 25, pl. m1. 

* Margarita (Unio) luteolus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19. 

* Margaron (Unio) luteolus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44. 

* Lampsilis luteolus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 103, pls. XI, XXXvII, fig. 12. 

* Unio inflatus BARNES, Am. J1. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 266.—* CONRAD, New F.W. Shells, 
1834, p. 69. 

* Mya inflata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 221. 

* Unio siliquoideus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 269, pl. x1, fig. 150 (ont- 
line).—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.27.—* CONRAD, Monog., IT, 1836, p. 22, 
pl. x, fig. 1.—*C. B. ApAmMs, Thompson’s Hist. of Vermont, 1842, p. 167; 
F.W.and L.S. of Vermont, p. 17, 1842. 

* Unio siliquoides KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 30, pl. v, fig. 2. 

* Mya siliquoidea, EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 221. 

* Lampsilis siliquoidea STIMPSON, Shells of New Eng., 1851, p. 14. 

* Unio childreni HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pl. xx111, fig. 57. 

* Unio hydianus KUSTER, part, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 201, pl. Lx vi, fig. 1. ? 

* Unio distans ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 156, pl. x11, fig. 2.—* B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. 

* Unio multiradiatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LX1, fig. 306. * 

* Unio afinis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1858, pl. LX1, fig. 307. 


‘Lea has figured a female animal of LZ. radiatus in Observations II, pl. xv, which 
has a curious, winglike projection on the mantle at its posterior base. 

2 There are two figures; the first is luteolus, the second is hydianus. 

*Changed in errata to luteolus. The figure 306qa, pl. LXx, is a genuine multiradiatus. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 535 


+LAMPSILIS LUTEOLUS var. ROSACEUS De Kay. 


* Unio rosaceus Db Kay, Zool. of New York, V, 1843, p. 192, pl. XX XIX, figs. 355, 356; 
pl. xt, fig. 357..—ConrabD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888. 


' Hntire Mississippi drainage, southwest to the Brazos River, Texas; 
St. Lawrence drainage; entire Dominion of Canada east of the Rocky 
Mountains; the variety rosaceus in the St. Lawrence area. 


+ LAMPSILIS SUPERIORENSIS Marsh.? 
* Unio superiorensis Marsu, Naut., X, 1897, p. 103, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2, 5. 
Upper Great Lakes region. 
+ LAMPSILIS BOREALIS A. F. Gray.’ 


* Unio borealis A. F. Gray, Tr. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, 1882, p. 53, pl., 3 
figures.—* B. H. WricuT, Check List, 1888. 


Lower St. Lawrence drainage, to Lake Michigan; Lake of the 
Woods. 
tLAMPSILIS RADIATUS Gmelin. 


* Mya radiata GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1792, p. 3220.—* Woop, Gen. Conch., I, 
1815, p. 109.—* DinLwyn, Cat. I, 1817, p. 51.—* Woop, Index Test. 2d ed., 
1825, p. 12, pl. u, fig. 2.—* Eaton, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 220.—* HANLEy, 
Index Test., 3d ed., 1856, p. 16, pl. 11, fig. 32. 5 

* Unio radiata LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p.73.—* DESHAYEs, Hist. Nat. 
des Vers., II, 1830, p. 581; *An. sans. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 535; 3d ed., 
1839, p. 668.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 212. 

* Lampsilis radiata Stimpson, N. Eng. Shells, 1851, p. 13. 

~ Unio radiatus SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., V, 1792, p.3; III, 1793, p. 62.—* Con- 
RAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.—* FERussAc, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.— 
* ConraD, Monog., IT, 1836, p. 24, pl. x, fig. 2.—* SOWERBY, Rich. Faun. Bore- 
ali Am., III, 1836, p. 316.—*GouLp, Iny. of Mass., 1841, p. 110, fig. 73.; 
1870, p. 170, fig. 474.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 193; * Biv. Shells, 1843, 
p. 193.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* KusTEer, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1852, p. 29, pl. 
vy, fig. 1.—* H. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* REEVE, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, p. 27, pl. xxvu, fig. 139.—* HARTMAN and MICHE- 
NER, Conch. Cest., 1874, p. 87, fig. 182.—* LatcuFrorD, Tr. Ottawa F. Nat. 
Club, 1882, p. 50.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*H. CARPENTER, 
Naut., IV, 1890, p. 22.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165. 

* Margarita (Unio) radiatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19. 

* Margaron (Unio) radiatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 44. 

* Unio pictorum tenuis Indiv, etc.—CHEMNITZ, Conch. Cab., 1788, p. 23, pl. II, 
florets 


'The type of De Kay’s variety is a delicate shell with peculiarly pallid brown 
epidermis, slightly rayed, and having a rose-colored nacre. This form is often desti- 
tute of the fine tinting of the nacre, and sometimes becomes quite dark, even bronzy 
or brownish black. It is common in the lakes of the St. Lawrence drainage. 

2This and L. borealis A. F. Gray are doubtful species which seem to stand between 
L. luteolus and radiatus. ‘This form is nearer luteolus, while Gray’s species approaches _ 
more nearly to radiatus. 

3In Latchford’s Notes on Ottawa: Unionida. 


536 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


* Unio virginiana LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p. 79.—* DELESSERT, Rec. 
Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. x11, fig. 

* Unio lineata VALENCIENNES, Enc. Meth., II, 1827, p. 151, pl. ccxLviu, fig. 5. 

* Unio elongata GOODRICH, Ill. Nat. Hist., II, 1829, p. 523, fig. 

* Unio tenebrosus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 42, pl. vit, fig. 1; p. 72.— 
*FERuUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen. 1836, p. 207.— 
*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, pl. u, fig. 5.—* B. H. Wricut, 
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 169. 

* Unio melinus CONRAD, Monog. XI, 1838, p. 101, pl. LV, fig. 1.—SowkERBy, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxxvut, fig. 467. 

* Unio mellinus Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159. 

* Unio boydianus LBA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1843, p. 216, pl. xv1, fig. 32; * Obs., III, 1842, p. 54, pl. x v1, fig. 22.—* DE Kay, 
Zool. of New York, Pt. 5, 1843, p. 189.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1858, p. 245.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* CHENU, 
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxxu, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 
1888.—* PaTEeL, Conch. Sam., II, 1890, p. 146. 

* Margaron (Unio) boydianus Lma, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 62. 

* Unio crassus KustER, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1854, p. 113, pl. XxN1J, fig. 5. 

* Mya oblongata, Woop, Index Test., 1856, p. 199, pl. 1; Supplement, fig. 2. 

* Unio obliquiradiatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. XxIx, fig. 151.—* Pa- 
TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161. 

+LAMPSILIS RADIATUS var. CONSPICUUS Lea. 

* Unio conspicuus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1872, p. 156; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 34, pl. x1, fig. 31; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 38, pl. x1, fig. 
31.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

St. Lawrence drainage; Manitoba; Atlantic region south to North 
Carolina (var. conspicuus in North Carolina and southern Virginia). 

Gould! reports L. radiatus from the north shore of Lake Superior, 
and there is a shell in the U. S. National Museum from the northwest 
boundary of Wisconsin which is probably this species. 


+LAMPSILIS HYDIANUS Lea. 


* Unio hydianus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 14, pl. VI, fig. 14; ~ Obs., 
II, 1838, p. 14, pl. vi, fig. 14.—* TroscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., VII, 1839, p. 
234.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 192, pl. xxim1, 


fig. 6.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—” KusTER, Conch. | 


Cab. Unio., 1861, p. 201, pl. Lxvun, fig. 2.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xvu, 
fig. 3, 3a, 3b; pl. xxiv, figs. 7, 7a, 7).—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 
1857, p.494.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxvit, fig. 203.—* B. 
H. WriGHt, Check List, 1888.—* PacTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 

* Margarita (Unio) hydianus Lra, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19. 

* Margaron (Unio) hydianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44. 

* Unio placitus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 252;? *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1852. 
p. 279, pl. xxiu1, fig. 38; * Obs.,V, 1852, p. 35, pl. xx1n, fig. 38.—* Conran, 
Pr. Ac..N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1838, p. 255.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 494.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1861, p. 262, pl. LXXxviMI, fig. 
2.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., 1890, p. 163. 

* Margaron (Unio) placitus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.29; 1870, p. 46. 


Eastern half of Texas; Indian Territory; Arkansas; east to Ala- 
bama. 


1 Agassiz, Lake Superior, p. 245, 2Merely a young hydianus. 


Nee 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 537 


+LAMPSILIS APPROXIMUS Lea.|! 


* Unio approximus LBA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; ~ Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 
1848, p.74, pl. v, fig. 13; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 48, pl. v, fig. 13.—* Conrap, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 493.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PmTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 144. 

* Wargaron ( Unio) approximus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44. 


Southern Louisiana; southern Alabama. 


+ LAMPSILIS AFFINIS Lea.? 


* Unio afinis LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soe., 1855, p. 
271, pl. X1x, fig. 26; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 27, pl. xrx, fig. 26.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 244.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
493.—* B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888.—* Pret, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 
144. 

Margaron (Unio) afinis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. 


Louisiana. 
LAMPSILIS CONTRARIUS Conrad. 


*Unio contrarius CONRAD, Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila. I, 1850, p. 276, pl. xuxvuil, fig. 7. 
Ogeechee River, Georgia. (Locality doubtful.) 


t+LAMPSILIS CLAIBORNENSIS Lea. 


Unio claibornensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 105, pl. XxIv, fig. 115; *Obs., 
II, 1838, p. 105, pl. xx1v, fig. 115.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir. Naturg., V, 1839, pl. 
II, p. 237.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 192, pl. x x1, 
fig. 26.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.57.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 493.—*CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxu11, figs.3, 3a, 3b.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., X VI, 1868, pl. LXXx, fig. 357.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.— 
* PETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

* Margarita ( Unio) claibornensis LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 19. 

*Margaron (Unio) claibornensis Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44. 

t* Unio obtusus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1843, p. 201, pl. x1, fig. 13; *Obs., IIT, 1842; p. 39, pl. x1., fig. 13.—* Con- 
RAD, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.—* H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch. 1258, pl. xxx1, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.— 
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxv1, fig. 129.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., 
ITI, 1890, p. 161. 

*Margaron (Unio) obtusus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. 

*Unio pallescens LEA,* Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 
1848, p. 79, pl. vit, fig. 20; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 79, pl. VII, fig. 20.—* Conrab, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—*H. and A. ADaMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., 


'Probably only a thin, slightly rayed or rayless variety of L. hydianus. 

2T doubt if this is distinct from Approximus. 

3Dr. Lea places this in the synonymy of Unio lecontianus Lea. I have never seen 
an authentic shell, but the figure given by Conrad in the Journal seems to me more 
like Lampsilis obtusus, and I am inclined to think it is a small male specimen of this 
species having reversed laterals. 

4There is only a single specimen in the Lea collection, the type, an old, rather 
thin, eroded, large shell, in bad condition, but which, I feel sure, is claibornensis. 


538 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATI ONA L MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


II, 1857, p. 494.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 162. 
Margaron (Unio) pallescens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43. 


Gulf drainage of the United States, from the Flint to.the Pearl River. 
t LAMPSILIS PORPHYREUS Lea.! 


* Unio porphyreus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.60; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 80, pl. x, fig. 228; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 34, pl. x, fig. 228.—B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

Margaron (Unio) porphyreus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41. 


Cahawba and Coosa rivers, Alabama. 
t LAMPSILIS STRAMINEUS Conrad. 


* Unio stramineus CONRAD, Am. J1.Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 339, pl. 1, fig. 6; * New F. 
W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.—* FreRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. 
Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 198.—* Conrab, Monog., X, 1838, p. 91, pl.L, fig. 1. 
—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 209; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 209, pl. xx111, 
fig. 45.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* Conran, Pr. 
Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 495.—* SowrRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxrx, fig. 217, 
1868, pl. Lxxx, fig. 422.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa&TEL 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 

* Margaritu (Unio) stramineus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 39; 1838, p. 25. 

* Margaron ( Unio) stramineus LEA, Syn , 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 35. 


Southern Alabama, southern Mississippi. 
t LAMPSILIS REEVIANUS Lea. 


* Unio reevianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 272, pl. xx, fig. 28; *Obs., V, 
1852, p. 28, pl. xx, fig. 28.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256. — 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll1., II, 1857, p. 494.—* KusrER, Conch. Cab. 
Unio., 1861, p. 247, pl. LXxx111, fig. 2.—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888. 
—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165. 

*Margaron (Unio) reevianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44. 


Louisiana; Texas; Arkansas. 
+ LAMPSILIS POWELLII Lea. 


*Unio powellit Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 252; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1853, 
p. 270, pl. x1x, fig. 25; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 26, pl. x1x, fig. 25..—* CONRAD, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p.255.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 494.—*MusGrave, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. u, fig. 8.—*Sow- 
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxx, fig. 359.—* B. H. WriGuT, Check List, 
1888.—* PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164. 

*Margaron (Unio) powelliti Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44. 


Salina and Clinton, Arkansas; Guadalupe River, Texas; Spring 
River, Kansas (Cragin). 


‘Tam a little uncertain as to where this species should be placed, as I have only 
seen the two specimens in the Lea collection, which are very poor and distorted. 
The nacre is purple. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 539 


(Group of Lampsilis igamentinus.) 


Shell solid, evenly elliptical, not greatly inflated, with a yellowish 
green epidermis, with broad, usually broken, dark-green rays; beaks 
not prominent, sculpture fine, restricted in area, pseudocardinals rather 
small, stumpy; nacre silvery or rarely pinkish. The female shell is not 
greatly swollen in the post basal region. 


+LAMPSILIS LIGAMENTINUS Lamarck.! 


Unio crassus Say, Nich. Encyc., Il, 1816, pl. 1, fig. 8.—* RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. 
Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 293.—* HitpRETH, Am. JI. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 278, fig. 1. 
—*FerErRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192; 
* Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 192.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58. 
—*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XL, fig. 220.—* PaTreL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 149. 

* Margarita (Unio) crassus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. 

* Mya crassa EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 217. 

*Unio ligamentina LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 72.—* FERuSSAC, Guer. 
Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* DesHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d. ed., VI, 1835, p. 533; 3d ed., 
II, 1839, p. 668. 

* Unio ligamentinus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 23, pl. 101, fig. 3. —* CONRAD, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 494.—* CaLkins, Pr. Ottawa Ac, Sci., 1874, p. 43.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.—* Catt, Tr. Ac. 
Sci. St. Louis, VII, p. 22, pl. xx1. 

* Margaron (Unio) ligamentinus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.28; 1870, p 43. 

* Lampsilis ligamentinus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 108, pl. xv1.—* Smrru, 
Bull. U.S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pl. Lx xix. 

*Unio ellipticus BARNES, Am. JI. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 259, pl. x11, fig. 19 (outline).— 
* HILDRETH, Am. J]. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 278. 

*Mya elliptica EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 219. 

*Unio carinatus BARNES, Am. JI. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 259, pl. x1, fig. 10. 

*Mya carinata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 220. 

* Unio ellipsarius Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. 

*Unio fasciatus Say, Am. Conch., VI. 1834.—*Conrab, Monog., 1835, p. 3, pl. 1.— 
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* PoTiEz and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, 
153, pl. Lv1ul, fig. 5.—* KusTEerR, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 31, pl. v, fig. 3. 

*Mya gravis Woop, Ind. Test. (Hanley ) 1856, p. 199, pl. 1, fig. 6. 

*Unio gravis P#®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154. 

* Unio luteolus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lviut, fig. 293a, 

*Unio delodontus SOwERBY, Conch. Ieon., X VI, 1867, pl. LVII, fig. 288. 

“Unio crassidens SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx11, fig. 312. 

*Unio pictus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1868, pl. LXU, fig. 3138. 

*Unio venustus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXIv, fig. 326. 

*Unio upsoni Marsu, Conch., Ex. 1, 1887, p.51.2—B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 


1Say’s name crassus applied to this before that of Lamarck was used by Retzius 
previously for a European Unio. 

2The description was read before the Mercer County, Illinois, Scientific and His- 
torical Society March 2, 1880. Mr. Marsh had copies of the description published 
and thinks that the species was described on the records. It was not figured. 


540° PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII 


+LAMPSILIS LIGAMENTINUS var. GIBBUS Simpson. ! 
* Unio crassus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcv, fig. 520. 


Mississippi River drainage generally; southern Michigan; western 
New York; Manitoba; Ontario; the variety from the Ohio River 
southward. 

+LAMPSILIS ORBICULATUS Hildreth. 


* Unioorbiculatus HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 284.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 
1842, p. 192; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 192, pl. xx1, fig. 2.—*CaTLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.— 
*H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 
1861, p. 216, pl. Lxx1, figs. 3, 4.—*SowrErBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. 
XLIV, fig. 239.—*CaALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 44.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

* Margarita (Unio) orbiculatus Lna, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19. 

* Margaron ( Unio) orbiculatus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 43. 

* Unio abruptus Say, Am. Conch., No. II, 1831, pl. xvur.—*ConraD, New F. W. 
Shells, 1834, p. 67.—*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 24, pl. v1, figs. 
1, la, 1b.—* DESHAYEsS, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 555;* 3d ed., II, 
1839, p. 674. 

“ Unio cyclips FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. 

* Unio crassus CONRAD, Monog., IV, 1836, p. 34, pl. x v1. 


Ohio and Cumberland rivers; west to the Mississippi River; north 
to Minnesota. Some specimens can hardly be separated from JL. 
higgins. 

‘ +LAMPSILIS HIGGINSII Lea.? 
* Unio higginstt Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 84; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 188, pl. xxiv, fig. 258; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 10, pl. xxiv, fig. 258.— 
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxu,, fig. 431.—* B. H. WREGHT, 


Check List, 1888.—* PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 
* Margaron (Unio) higginsti LEA, Syn., !870, p. 41. 


Ohio River, west to Iowa, and southwest to Kansas. 
+LAMPSILIS PINGUIS Lea.’ 


Unio pinguis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 84; *J]. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 
1858, p. 78, pl. xv, fig. 58; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 78, pl. xv, fig. 58.—*B. H. 
WriGutT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron ( Unio) pinguis Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 44. 


St. Peters River, Minnesota. Doubtful. 


1A peculiarly humped form of ligamentinus, common throughout the southern 
range of the species, may bear the above name. y 

2A somewhat puzzling species, of which male specimens often approach closely to 
Obovaria ellipsis in form, but the pseudo cardinals are always stumpy and never longi- 
tudinal, as they generally are in that genus. It is probably an aberrant form, 
closely related to L. orbiculatus. The females are more inflated in the postbasal region 
than in any other member of the group. 

31 have seen only one specimen of this, the type, which is an exceedingly puzzling 
form. The hinge line is injured and curves in strongly in front of the beaks, where 
there is a large, irregular lunnle. and the pseudocardinals are compressed. It may 
be a young, diseased orbiculatus. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAJADES—SIMPSON. 5A 


+LAMPSILIS TAENIATUS Conrad. 


* Unio teniatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, pp. 26, 72, pl. Iv, fig. 2..—*Frrus- 
sac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—MOLLER, Syn. Nov.Gen., 1836, p. 201.—* HaNLEy, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p.191; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 191.—*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist 
ser., III, 1845, p. 15.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—*Con- 
RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, 
p. 271, pl. xct, fig. 4.—* B. H. Wriecut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margarita (Unio) teniatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. 

*Unio taniatus PTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169. 

*Unio menkianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1836, p. 76, pl. x1x, fig.59; *Obs., II, 
1838, p. 76, pl. x1x, fig. 59.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
237.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 191; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 191, pl. x x11, 
fig. 4.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.61.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx, figs. 4, 4a, 
4b.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* Kuster, Conch. 
Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 245, pl. Lxxxu, fig. 3.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, pl. 
XXVIII, fig. 140.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., 
IT, 1890, p. 159. 

* Margarita (Unio) menkianus LEA, Syn., 1858, p. 19. 

*Margaron ( Unio) menkianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43. 

*Unio pulcher Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 6, pl. 11, fig. 6; *Obs., II, 1838, 
p. 6, pl. 11, fig. 6.—*TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.—* Han- 
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 193; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pl. xxi, fig. 7.—*CatT- 
LOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, ‘:p. 63.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CHENU, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xvil, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.— 
*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 193, pl. LXI, fig. 5.—-*P. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* Pa: TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164. 

* Margarita (Unio) pulcher LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19. 

*Margaron (Unio) pulcher LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44. 

*Unio interruptus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 15, pl. v1, fig. 15; *Obs., II, 
1838, p. 15, pl. v1, fig. 15.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 191; * Biv. Shells, 1843, 
p. 191, pl. xx1, fig. 28.—* CaTLOow and REEVE», Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* H. 
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CHENU, II. Conch, 1858, pl. 
XVII, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—* B. H. WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margarita (Unio) interruptus LEA, Syn., 1856, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. 

*Margaron (Unio) interruptus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 48. 

*Unio latiradiatus CONRAD, Monog., XI, 1838, p. 96, pl. Lur; Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 208, pl. Lxrx, 
fig. 3.—P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. 

*Unio tennesseensis Lka,? Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
VIII, 1843, p. 199, pl. x, fig. 115° *Obs., III, 1842, p. 37, pl. x, fig. 11.—*Conrab, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 495.—*CuHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxvu1, figs. 1, la, 1b.—*B. H. 
Waricut, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169. 

*Margaron (Unio) tennesseensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43. 

*Unio perdix REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x v1tI, fig. 82. 


Tennessee and Cumberland river systems. 


1 Lea places this species in the synonymy of his Unio interruptus, in the Synopsis. 
The latter was not published until 1838. 

2The type is an old female teniatus, very solid, and but slightly rayed. 

3Lea states in the above citation that this species has radial beak sculpture. The 
beaks ot his type are slightly eroded, having the appearance of somewhat rayed ridges, 
and I have seen the same thing in the eroded beaks of Unio rotundatus Lamarck, 
bnt it is not true beak sculpture. Many Unios when decomposing exhibit throughout 
their shells a somewhat radial structure, and that is what is shown in this case. 


5A2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. ot en 


+ LAMPSILIS PICTUS Lea. 


*Unio pictus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V., 1834, p. 73, pl. x1, fig. 36; * Obs., I, 
1834, p. 185, pl. x1, fig. 52.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 191; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 191, pl. xxin, fig. 35.— 
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—*H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
494.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 249, pl. Lxxxiu, fig. 5.—* B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 

*Murgarita (Unio) pictus Lua, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. 

*Margaron (Unio) pictus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43. 

t *Unio lindsleyi Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., 1860, p. 351, pl. Lv, fig. 176; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 33, pl. Lvmit, fig. 
176.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLII, fig. 233b.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* ParrL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157. 

*Margaron (Unio) lindsleyi Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 43. 

*Unio camelopardalis SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xu, fig. 233a. 


Harpeth River, Tennessee. 


t* LAMPSILIS CAMELOPARDILIS Lea.! 


*Unio camelopardilis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 92; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 355, pl. LIx, fig. 180; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 37, pl. Lrx, fig. 180. 
—*B. H. Wrieat, Check List, 1888.—-* PasrEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 

* Margaron (Unio) camelopardilis, Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 53. 

t* Unio fucatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 92; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 353, pl. Lrx, fig. 178; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p.35, pl. L1x, fig. 178.— 
*B.H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) fucatus, LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 438. 


Tennessee and Cumberland river systems. 
+LAMPSILIS PUNCTATUS Lea. 


*Unio punctatus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1865, p. 89; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 261, pl. xxx, fig. 76; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 21, pl. xxxu1, fig. 
76.—* B. H.WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron ( Unio) punctatus Lna, Syn., 1870, p. 43. 


Tennessee River drainage. 
tLAMPSILIS PERDIX Lea. 


*Unio perdix Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1827, p. 72, pl. x1, fig. 31; *Obs., I, 1834, 
p. 184, pl. x1, fig. 31.—* FErRussac Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HaNLEy, Test. 
Moll., 1842, p. 189; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 188, pl. xx, fig. 20.—* CaTLow and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll. I, 
1857, p. 494.—* SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx1x, fig. 82.—*B. H. 
Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 

* Margarita (Unio) perdix LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18. 

*Margaron (Unio) perdix Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41. ’ 

*Unio pectorosus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 37, pl. vi, fig. 1, p. 71.— 
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—*CoNRAD, Monog. III, 1836, p. 25, pl. 
XI, fig. 1.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 205.—* HaNnLEyY, Test. Moll., 
1842, p. 189; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 189, pl. x x1, fig. 22.—* CuENU, Bib. Conch., 
Ist ser., HII, 1845, p. 19, pl. 11, fig.8.—*CatTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 
1845, p. 62.—KusTeER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 26, pl. 1v, fig. 2.—* Conrap, 


‘It is quite probable that this and the preceding species are merely varieties of the 
same thing. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 543 


Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—* B. H. Wriegar, Check List, 1888.— 
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 
“Margarita (Unio) pectorosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 25, 1838, p. 18. 
Tennessee and Cumberland river systems. 
t LAMPSILIS BRACTEATUS Gould. 


“Unio bracteatus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., V, 1855, p. 228; *Otia Conch., 
1862, p. 217.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888. 
*Margaron (Unio) bracteatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 43. 


Llanos, Guadalupe, and Colorado rivers, Texas. 
+LAMPSILIS VENUSTUS Lea. 


- *Unio venustus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 4, pl. m1, fig. 4; *Obs., II 
1838, p. 4, pl. 1, fig. 4. —* TroscuEtL, Arch. fiir. Naturg., V, 1839, II, p. 233.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 192, pl. xx111, fig. 5.— 
*CaTLOw and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—* Conrab, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* CuENu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xx, figs. 1, La, 
1b.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* B. H. Wriaur, 
Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.—* CaLL, Tr. 
Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 1895, p. 57. 
*Margarita (Unio) venustus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. 
*Margaron (Unio) venustus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43. 
Potosi, Missouri. 
(Group of Lampsilis anodontoides.) 


Shell elongated, inflated, moderately solid, sharply pointed behind; 
that of the female much produced at the posterior base, behind which 
it is diagonally truncate; epidermis very bright, smooth and shining, 
but feebly rayed; beaks not prominent, marked with very delicate 
regular sculpture, the posterior loop often open behind; pseudocardi- 
nals smooth, generally compressed; nacre shining, white or purplish. 
Animal with the marsupium very distinct and well rounded below; inner 
edge of the mantle usually beautifully and evenly toothed behind. 


tLAMPSILIS ANODONTOIDES Lea. 


t* Unio anodontoides Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 81, pl. vin, fig. 11; 
* Obs., 1, 1834, p. 91, pl. vii, fig. 11.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 204.— 
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.55.—* CHENU, IIL. Conch., 1858, pl. 
XIV, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. XIx, fig. 87.—* B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* Simpson, Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 
430, pl. LXXI, fig. 7; LXXx1I, figs. 1,2, 4. 

*Margarita (Unio) anodontoides LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 35; 1838, p. 24. 

*Maryaron (Unio) anodontoides LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 86; 1870, p. 58. 

“Lampsilis anodontoides BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 100, pl. x, figs. 1, 
2.—* SMITH, Bull. U.S. Fish Com. 1899, p. 290, pl. LXxvitt. 

*? Unio teres Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.'\—* Conrab, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72; 
Monog. VI, 1836, p. 52, pl. xxvill.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.— 
*ConrRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. 
Unio, 1854, p. 68, pl. xvit,figs. 1, 4. 


1 Said to be of Rafinesque, 1820. I can not be positive whether Rafinesque’s descrip- 
tion is of a young shell of this species or the fallaciosus. He gives its length as 3 


inches. I therefore use the name applied by Lea, his shell being properly described 
and figured. 


544 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, ~~ [vou. xxi 


+LAMPSILIS ANODONTOIDES var. FLORIDENSIS Lea. 


*Unio floridensis Lka,! Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 274, pl. Xx1, fig. 31; ~ Obs., 
V, 1852, p. 30, pl. xxi, fig. 31.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, 
p. 249.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492._*B. H. 
Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Parer, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 
*Margaron (Unio) floridensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. 


Entire Mississippi River drainage except (probably) the upper Mis- 
souri. All the Gulf drainage from the Withlacoochee River, Florida, 
to the Rio Grande, and into Mexico. 


+ LAMPSILIS FALLACIOSUS (Smith) Simpson. 


*Unio anodontoides REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx1, fig. 97.—* CALKINS, 
Pr. Ottawa Acad., 1874, p. 41. 
*Lampsilis anodontoides BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, pl. x, fig. 3.° 
*Unio oriens SOowERBY, Conch. Icon., 1868, pl. LXIH, fig. 314. 
* Lampsilis fallaciosus SmirH, Bull. U. 8S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pl. LXx1x.— 
_*§mreson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., 1900, p. 74, pl. u1, fig. 5. 


Upper Mississippi drainage; south to the Cumberland River, Ten 
nessee, and to Arkansas; Red River of the North? 


+LAMPSILIS VIRESCENS Lea.* 


* Unio virescens Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., II, 1858, p. 40; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei., Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 341, pl. LV, fig. 166; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 23, pl. Lv, fig. 166.—* B. 
H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) virescens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. 


Tennessee River in northern Alabama. 
+LAMPSILIS AUSTRALIS Simpson. 
* Lampsilis australis Simpson,® Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., 1900, p. 75, pl. 11, fig. 2. 
Little Patsaliga Creek, southeastern Alabama. 
+LAMPSILIS RECTUS Lamarck. 


* Unio recta LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 74.—* VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. 
Zool., II, 1833, p. 234, pl. Lrv, fig. 1.—* DESHAYEs, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VII, 
1835, p. 537; 3d ed., II, 1889, p. 669. 


—— — 


1 Lampsilis anodontoides becomes thinner and more delicate in the waters of the 
eastern Gulf drainage, and in Florida assumes the form called by Lea Unio floridensis. 
The type of the latter is not in the Lea collection. 

2¥Figured and the name (supplied by the writer) given by Smith in Bull. U.S. Fish 
Commission, but not described. 

3As this species has generally been confounded with the very closely allied L. ano- 
dontoides of Lea, it is a little difficult to be certain in all cases which form authors 
have referred to. 

4A species which seems to combine some of the characters of L. anodontoides and 
cariosus, but which probably shonl| e placed here. 

> This species seems to stand partly between L. rectus and L. anodontoides. In the 
character of color both of nacre and epidermis the former is quite widely separated 
from the latter, though specimens of rectus from Michigan and other northern local- 
ities sometimes have a tawny epidermis. In L. australis the nacre is silvery, and 
the color of the epidermis approaches to some extent that of anodontoides. 


eee, 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NALADES—SIMPSON. 5A5 


“Unio (Ligumia) recta SWAINSON, Treat. on Mal., 1840, pp. 267, 274, fig. Ly. 

Unio rectus SHORT and Eaton, Transylvania J1., 1831, p.77.—* Conran, New F. 
W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.—*Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* FrERussac, Guer. Mag., 
1835, p. 27.—*ConraD, Monog., ITI, 1836, p. 33, pl. xv.—* Han Ey, Test. Moll., 
1842, p. 204.—* C. B. ADams, Thompson’s Hist. of Vt., 1842, p.167; *F.W. 
and L. Sh. of Vermont, 1842, p. 17.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 204.— 
*Dr Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 195.—* Porirez and MicHaup, Gall. 
Moll., 1844, II, p. 149, pl. tv, figs. 8, 4.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 
1845, p. 63.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab, Unio, 1852, p. 35, pl. vi, fig. 1; vu, fig. 
1.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* H. and A. ADAMs, 
Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* CuENu, Man., 1859, II, p. 189, fig. 675.— 
REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. X1x, fig. 86.—* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac., 
1874, p. 44.—* LaTcurorn, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p. 50.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.—* Ca, 
Tr. Ac. Sci., St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 43, pl. vir. 

* Margarita (Unio) rectus LBA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. 

*Margaron ( Unio) rectus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 57. 

*Lampsilis rectus SM1rH, Bull. U.S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 290, pl. LXxvilt. 

t* Unio latissimna RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., Pt. 13, V, 1820, p. 297, 
pl. Lxxx, figs. 14, 15. 

*?2Unio prelongus BARNES,’ Am. Jl. of Sci., VI, 1823, p. 261, pl. x11, fig. 11.— 

* HILDRETH, Am. JI. of Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 286, fig. 18. 

* Mya prelonga Karon, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 220.—Woop, Ind. Test (Han- 
ley), 1856, p. 200, pl. 1, Supp., fig. 11. 

* Hurynea prelonga STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 13. 

t* Unio sageri CONRAD, Monog., VI, 1836, p. 53, pl. XXIX, fig. 1. 

* 2Unio arquatus? CoNnRaD, J]. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 297, pl. xxv1, fig. 8.— 

B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 


Entire Mississippi drainage; Alabama River drainage; Red River of 
the North; St. Lawrence system. DeCamp’s Unio anodontoides, reported 
from Michigan, is a tawny colored variety of this species according’ to 


Walker. 
(Group of Lampsilis nasutus.) 


Shell elongated, thin, compressed, with a distinct posterior ridge, and 
drawn out to a long, pointed beak behind; epidermis rather dull, olive 
green, and feebly rayed; beaks low, sculptured with fine, close-set 
ridges, which are slightly looped in front and are parallel with the axis 
of the shell behind; hinge teeth delicate and compressed; nacre bluish; 
female shell not greatly produced in the post-basal region. Animal 
with the marsupium often occupying the greater part of the length 
of the outer gills posteriorly; inner gills free or united to the, abdomi- 
nal sac. 

+LAMPSILIS NASUTUS Say. 


Unio nasutus Say, Nich. Encyc., 1st ed., 1816, pl. rv, fig. 1.—* Swainson, Zool. IIl., 
Istser., 1,1821, pl. Lvir.—*CoNnRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—*FERUSSAC, 
Guerin Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* ConraD, Monog., IV, 1836, p. 38, pl. xvim, fig. 1, 


1Barnes only gives an outline of his shell, which appears to me more like his U. 
gibbosus than rectus. However in deference to the opinions of Hildreth, Lea, and 
others, I place it in the synonymy of L. rectus. Hildreth’s description answers fairly 
well to rectus, and it was submitted to Barnes for his inspection. 

2Lea believes this to be a distorted rectus. I am not quite certain of it. 


Proce. N. M. vol. xxii 3D 


546 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


1870, p. 169, fig. 473.—-* HanLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 206.—* Dr Kay, Zool. of 
N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 191, pl. xx, fig. 239.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206.— 
CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.— 
*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 223, pl. Lxxy, fig. 4.—* REEVE, Conch. 
Icon., X VI, 1865, pl. xx1, fig. 94.—* HarTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Cest., 
1874, p. 70, fig. 186.—*B. H. Wrieur, Check List, 1888.—*H. CARPENTER, 
Naut., III, 1889, p. 94.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 160. 

* Margarita (Unio) nasutus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 37; 1838, p. 24. 

* Margaron (Unio) nasutus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.37; 1870, p. 60. 

*Unio nasuta LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75.—* DesHayes, An. sans 
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p.538; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 669.—* Hanury, Test. Moll., 
1842, p. 208; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 208. 

*Mya nasuta EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 218.—* Woop, Index Test.(Hanley), 
1856, p. 199, pl. 1, Supp., fig. 4. 

*Eurynea nasuta AGASSIZ, Shells of New Eng., 1851, p. 13; Arch. fiir Naturg., I, 
1852, p. 45. 

* Unio rostrata VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool., II, 1833, p. 233, pl. Lil, fig. 3. 

* Unio vaughanianus SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXI, fig. 508. 


St. Lawrence drainage; streams flowing into the Atlantic south to 


North Carolina. 
(Group of Lampsilis subrostratus.) 


Shell elliptical to elongate, distinctly pointed behind, the point well 
above the middle of the height, that of the female conspicuously 
swollen at the posterior base and obliquely truncated behind; epider- 
mis varying from olive to brown, generally more or less rayed and 
slightly roughened; beaks not prominent, sculptured with fine, deli- 
cate, parallel bars, which are somewhat looped in front and generally 
descend obliquely behind; pseudocardinals usually compressed; nacre 
bluish to purple. Animal with inner gills often more or less free from the 
abdominal sac; posterior base of mantle of female generally toothed. 


+LAMPSILIS SUBROSTRATUS Say. 


Unio subrostratus Say, N. Harmony Diss., Jan. 15,1831; “Am. Conch., VI, 1834.— 
*ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72.—* FeRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 
26.—* L. W. Say, Terr. and Fluv, Sheils, 1840, p.7.—* CoNRaD, Pr. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—Kusrer, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 203, pl. LX viI.— 
*LEwis, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1878, p. 273.—* Cau, Am. Nat., XIII, p. 
392.—* B. H. Wrieur, Check List, 1888.—* ParEL, Conch., Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 168. - 

* Unio nashvillianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 100, pl. xtv, fig. 43; 
*Obs., I, 1834, p. 212, pl. xiv, fig. 43.—* FrrRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.193; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pl. x x11, fig. 31.— 
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 224, pl. Lxxv1, 
figs. 1, 2.—SowrErpv, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. Xxx, fig. 158.—* H. and A. 
Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 
1888.--* PH#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160. 


' Conrad gives three figures under fig. 1. The first and second are U. fisherianus; the 
third is a female nasutus. 


On 
— 
=] 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON, 


*Margarita (Unio) nashvillianus Lua, Syn., 1856, p. 26; 1838, p. 20. 

*Margaron ( Unio) nashvilianus LKa, Syn., 1852, p. 29. 

*Margaron (Unio) nashvilliensis LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 45. 

t* Unio mississippiensis CONRAD, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1850, p. 277, pl. xxxvu, 
fig. 11.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—*H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 1857, p. 494.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, 
p. 245, pl. LXXXII, fig. 3.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. x1x, fig. 85.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159. 

*Margaron ( Unio) mississippiensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 60. 

*Unio rutersvillensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p.155; “Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 355, pl. Lx, fig. 181; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 38, pl. Lx, fig. 
181.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) rutersvillensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43. 

t* Unio topekaensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; *JI. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 313, pl. xxix, fig. 126; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 73, pl. xurx, 
fig. 126.—* B. H.Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron ( Unio) topekaensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43. 

* Unio cocoduensis REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. 24, fig. 117. 


Entire Mississippi drainage north to about latitude 41°. Eastern 
half of Texas. 
+* LAMPSILIS LIENOSUS Conrad. 


*Unio lienosus CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 339, pl. 1, fig. 4; *New 
F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* FERuUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* ConrRaD, 
Monog. VII, 1836, p. 60, pl. Xxxt1v, fig. 2.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 
197.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.194; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 194, pl. xx1, fig. 
32.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. 
Unio, 1852, p. 67, pl. xvi, fig. 3.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, 
p. 251.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* SowErsy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxu1, fig. 166; 1868, pl. Lxxv, fig. 388.—* B. H. 
Wriacut, Check List, 1888.—* Paret, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157. 

* Margarita (Unio) lienosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20. 

*Margaron (Unio) lienosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. 

*Unio saxeus CONRAD, Monog., XII, 1840, p. 109, -pl. Lx, fig. 1; Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* H. and A. ADamMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., I, 1857, p. 494.— 
*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166. 

*Margaron ( Unio) saxeus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. 

“Unio caliginosus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 165; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 
1848, p. 79, pl. vu, fig. 21; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 53, pl. v1, fig. 21.—* ConraD, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 493.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 180, pl. Lv1, fig. 7.— 
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PasrEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 

*Margaron ( Unio) caliginosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. 

*Unio fontanus CONRAD,' Am. Jl. Sei., Il, 1866, p. 279, pl. xv, fig. 13.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 


LAMPSILIS LIENOSUS var. UNICOSTATUS B. H. Wright. 


*Unio unicostatus B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 69. 


Lower Mississippi River drainage north to the lower Ohio; east to 
southwest Georgia. 


1'The characters are poor in the indifferent type in the Academy of Natural 
Sciences in Philadelphia, but I believe that it is a Lampsilis lienosus. 


548 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXII. 


+LAMPSILIS CONCESTATOR Lea. 


*Unio concestator Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 31; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., [V, 1858, p. 66, pl. xu, fig. 48; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 66, pl. xu, fig. 48.— 
*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 178, pl. Lvt, fig. 3.—* REEVE, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvi, fig. 128.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.— 
*PmeTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.—*Srmpson, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., 
XVI, 1892, p. 416, pl. Lvi0, figs. 2-4. 

“* Margaron (Unio) concestator LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 

t* Unio intercedens LA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p.32; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1858, p. 77, pl. xv, fig. 57; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 77, pl. xv, fig. 57.—* B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. 155. 

* Margaron (Unio) intercedens Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 

t* Unio fallax Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1X, 1857, p. 32; “Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., IV, 
1858, p. 79, pl. Xv, fig. 59; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 79, pl. xv, fig.59.—* KUSTER, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 206, pl. Lx vin, fig. 7.—* SowERBy, Conch, Icon., 
XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxx, fig. 418.—* B. H. WricHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa7TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 

* Margaron (Unio) fallax L¥A Syn., 1870, p. 45. 

+* Unio contiguus LEa,' Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1861, p. 392; * JI. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 199, pl. xxv1i, fig. 268; Obs., IX, 1863, p. 21, pl. xxvin, fig. 
268.—B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

* Margaron (Unio) contiguus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 

*Unio bi-caelatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxv1, fig. 130.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146. 

t* Unio genuinus Lama, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XX, 1868, p. 161; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phil., 
VI, 1868, p. 305, pl. xivi, fig. 117; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 64, pl. xLv1, fig. 117.— 
*B. H. Wrieuat, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) genuinus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 

North Carolina. in streams flowing into the sea, to Louisiana, and 
possibly to Texas. Some specimens are very close to lienosus. 


LAMPSILIS PROPRIUS Lea.? 


* Unio proprius Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1865, p. 89; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
VI, 1869, p. 256, pl. xxx1, fig. 70; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 16, pl. xxx1, fig. 70.— 
*B. WH. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) proprius LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 

* Unio striatus SowERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1868, pl. Lxxvui, fig. 407. 


Walker County, Georgia; Clinch River, Virginia. 


LAMPSILIS PUNICEUS Haldeman. 


*Unio puniceus HALDEMAN,® Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1842, p. 201.—Conrap, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 
*Margaron (Unio) puniceus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 


Holston River, Tennessee. 


1A large rather thin L. concestator, I think. 

2Possibly distinct, but more likely a mere light-colored variety of L. Vanuxemensis. 

31 believe that this species has never been figured. From the description I should 
judge that it belonged in this group, and it may be synonymous with some one of 
its species. 


pes! 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 549 


+ LAMPSILIS VANUXEMENSIS Lea. 


“Unio vanuxemensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 36, pl. x1, fig. 31; *Obs., 
II, 1838, p. 36, pl. x1, fig. 31.—* TRoscuHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg, V, 1839, Pt. 2, 
p. 436.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.193; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pl. xx11, 
fig. 56.—* CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.— * CHENU, Ill. Conch., 
1858, pl. XIX, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—*H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
495.—*~ KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 272, pl. xct, fig. 6.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171. 

*Margarita (Unio) vanuxemensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 19. 

*Margaron (Unio) vanuxemensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29. 

*Unio vanuxemensis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 259. 

*Margaron (Unio) vanuxemii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 

*Unio vanuxemit B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

t* Unio nitens La, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1843, p. 205, pl. xu, fig. 19; *Obs., ITI, 1842, p. 43, pl. xu, fig. 19.—* Conran, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 163, pl. 
XLVU, fig. 1.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* CHENU, 
Ml. Conch., 1858, pl. xxviu, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon. XVI, 1865, 
pl. xxvil, fig. 144.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 161. ; 

*Margaron (Unio) nitens Lira, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. 

t* Unio umbrans LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p.104; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1858, p. 72, pl. x11, fig.53; *Obs., VI, 1858, pl. xm, fig. 53.—*SowERBy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxrv, fig. 179.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 
1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 171. 

* Margaron (Unio) wmbrans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 

t Unio tenebricus Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., EX, 1857, p. 171; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
TV, 1858, p. 83, pl. xvu, fig. 63; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 83, pl. xvi, fig. 63.—* B. H. 
Wriacut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) tenebricus Lr, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 

t * Unio pybastt Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 40; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 
1862, p. 67, pl. v1, fig. 216; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 71, pl. v1, fig. 216.—*B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164. 

* Margaron (Unio) pybasit Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 

t* Unio fabaceus LEA,! Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 38; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 90, pl. x11, fig. 238; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 94, pl. xm, fig. 
238.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) fabaceus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 

t* Unio copet LEA,” Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1869, p. 307, pl. xLvu, fig. 120; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 67, pl. xLvu, fig. 120.— 
*B. H. WriGcut, Check List, 1888. 

“ Margaron (Unio) copet LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 

t * Unio dispansus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p.191; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 19, pl. vi, fig. 16; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 23, pl. vi, fig. 16.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 


Cumberland and Tennessee river systems; headwaters of the Coosa. 
+LAMPSILIS OBSCURUS Lea. 


“Unio obscurus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1839, p. 7, pl. 111, fig. 7, *Obs., II, 1838, 
p. 7, pl. u1, fig. 7.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 194; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 194, pl. xx11, fig. 58.— 


1A small, rather short form of vanuxremensis. 
> The type is rather thin and high, but is no doubt a mere variation of the above 
species. 


550 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, 
pl. Xvu, figs. 1, la, 16.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.— 
*KustTer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 220, pl. Lxxtv, fig. 3.—* PATEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 161. 

*Margarita (Unio) obscurus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20. 

*Margaron (Unio) obscurus LE, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. 

* Margarita (Unio) zeiglerianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20. 

* Unio zeiglerianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 32, pl. x, fig. 27; * Obs., I], 
1838, p. 32, pl. x, fig. 27.—~* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 235.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 193, * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pl. xx, fig. 57.— 
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CuENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxiv, figs. 2, 2a, 
2b.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxv1, fig. 19.—* B. H. Wri1GuT, 
Check List, 1888.—P TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 172. 

* Margaron ( Unio) zeiglerianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45.1 


Tennessee and Cumberland river systems; Lower Ohio and its tribu- 
taries. 
+LAMPSILIS PRATTII Lea. 
*Unio prattii Lna, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 166; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1859, p. 206, pl. xxIv, figs. 88, 88a; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 24, pl. XxIv, fig. 


88.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 
* Margaron (Unio) prattii Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 


Chattahoochee River, Georgia. 
+LAMPSILIS VAUGHANIANUS Lea. 


* Margarita (Unio) vaughanianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 39;° 1838, p. 25. 
*Unio vaughanianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 5, pl. 11, fig. 5; *Obs., 
II, 1838, p. 5, pl. 111, fig. 5.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2. p. 


234.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 208; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 208, pl. xx, — . 


fig. 48.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx1, figs. 11a, 
11b.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—*P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171. 

* Margaron (Unio) vaughanianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. 


Near Camden, South Carolina. 


+LAMPSILIS OGEECHEENSIS Conrad. 


* Unio ogeecheensis CONRAD, Ann. and Mag. N. Hist., IV, 1849, p. 300; Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., I, 1850, p. 275, pl. XxX vi, figs. 3,4; *Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 
254. 

* Unio prevostianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 269, pl. XIX, fig. 24; *Obs., V, 
1852, p. 25, pl. xrx, fig. 24.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.— 
*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p.494.—*MusGRAVE, Phot. Conch., 
1863, pl. 1, fig. 10.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 164. 

*Margaron ( Unio) prevostianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 44. 

* Unio proximus La, Pr. Am. Phil. Soe., V, 1852, p. 252; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, 


1 T believe that the L. obscurus is only the fully adult form of U. zeiglerianus, which 
when quite young shows very delicate and beautiful rays. 

2In this case, owing to delay in the publication of the transactions, the name 
appeared in the Synopsis first, and under the generic name Margarita. 


ees eet en wel 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DES—SIMPSON. 551 


p: 271, pl. Xx, fig. 27; *Obs., V, 1852,-p. 27, pl. XX, tig. 27.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
494.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 


164. 
*Margaron (Unio) proximus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. 
Unio tenerus SIMPSON, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 416, pl. Lviil, figs. 5 and 8.! 
Neuse River, North Carolina; south to north Florida; west to the 
Etowah River, Georgia; Duck River, Tennessee. 
+ LAMPSILIS CONSTRICTUS Conrad. 
*Unio lienosus var. constrictus CONRAD, Monog. X, 1838, p. 91, pl. XLIX, fig. 4. 
*Unio constrictus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—*H. and A. 


ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll. II, 1857, p. 493.—*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, 
pl. LXxxvui, fig. 464.—*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. 


Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

*Margaron (Unio) constrictus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46. 

*Unio genthii Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 85; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1862, 
p. 57, pl. u, fig. 204; *Obs. VIII, 1862, p. 61, pl. 1, fig. 204.—*B. H. WrRiGuHtT, 
Check List, 1888.—*P a TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 153. 

*Margaron (Unio) genthiti Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 41. 

James River, Virginia; south to South Carolina; Floyd County, 
northwest Georgia; northern Alabama; Tennessee. 
+t LAMPSILIS APICINUS Lea. 

*Unio apicinus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p.32; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1858, p. 76, pl. xiv, fig. 56; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 76, pl. xIv, fig. 56.—*B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaren (Unio) apicinus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 44. 

Othcalooga Creek, Gordon County, Georgia. 
+t LAMPSILIS OCCIDENTALIS Conrad. 


*Unio occidentalis CONRAD, Monog., VII, 1836, p. 64, pl. xxxvI, fig.1; *Pr. Ac. N. 
Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.—*H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
492.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 


p. 161. 
* Margaron ( Unio) occidentalis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. 
Current and Little Red rivers, Arkansas. 
tLAMPSILIS NIGERRIMUS Lea. 


* Unio nigerrimus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 268, pl. xvull, fig. 23; *Obs.,V, 
1852, p. 24, pl. x vin, fig. 23.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.— 
*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—*B. H. Wricut, Check 
List, 1888.—*PamTrEeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161. 

*Margaron (Unio) nigerrimus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49. 

*Unio fuligo REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1856, pl. xxx, fig. 159.—*Pa&TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 153. 


Alexandria, Louisiana, to eastern Texas; Indiana? 
(Group of Lampsilis iris.) 


Shell rather small, elliptical, moderately solid in front, thinner 
behind; epidermis covered with dark green, broken rays, beak sculp- 


! As of Ravenel, who, however, never described the species. 


552 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


ture consisting of irregular ridges and corrugations that have a ten- 


dency to fall into two loops, which are sometimes slightly nodulous 


below; nacre bluish, becoming beautifully iridescent posteriorly. 
Animal having the inner branchiz free or united to the abdominal sac; 
mantle border often maculated and generally, in the female, having 
papilla below the marsupium; marsupium having a strong, deep sulcus 
parallel with and near to the base. 


tLAMPSILIS IRIS Lea. 


*Unioiris Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., ITI, 1830, p. 439. pl. 1x, fig. 18; *Obs., I, 1834, p. 53, 
pl. x1, fig. 18.—*Conrap, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69.—*FERussac, Guer. 
Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* DEsHAyYES. An. sansVert, 2ded., VI, 1835, p. 550; 3d. ed., LI, 
1839, p. 673.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll. 1842, p. 206; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206, pl. 
XXI, fig. 87.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—*H. and A. 
ADAMS,Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 491.—*CuHENU, I11.Conch., 1858, pl.vin, figs. 
7, Ta, 7b.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. XXIx, fig. 148.—*CALKINS. Pr. 
Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p.42.—*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margarita (Unio) tris LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 37; 1838, p. 25. 

* Margaron (Unio) iris La, Syn., 1852, p.38; 1870, p. 60.! 

*Lampsilis iris BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 105, pl. xin, fig. 1; x1v, 
fig. 2. oa 

* Unio creperus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 33, pl. x, fig. 28; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 
33, pl. X, fig. 28.—*TRoscHEL, Arch, fiir Naturg., V, 1859, Pt. 2, p. 235.—*Con- 
RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—*CuHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. 
XXII, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—*H. and A. ApaMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., Il, 1857, p. 493.— 

; *B. H. WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margarita (Unio) creperus Lma, Syn. 1836, p. 28; 1838, p. 20. 

* Margaron (Unio) creperus La, Syn. 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 48. 

* Unio cresserus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 196.—*CarTLow and REEV#, Conch. 
Tcon., 1845, p. 58. 

t* Unio novi-eboracit La, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 104, pl. xxiv, fig. 114; 
*Obs., IT, 1838, p. 104, pl. xx1v, fig. 114.—*TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, 
Pt. 2, p. 237.—*HANnLeEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p.190; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190.— 
*DE Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt.5, 1845, pl. xx, fig. 240.—*CaTLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom, 1845, p. 61.—-*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 491.— 
*CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xix, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—* KuUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio. 
1861, p. 221, pl. LXxIv, fig. 4.—*SowrErRby, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxviu, 
fig. 206.—*CaLkIns, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci. 1874, p.43.—*B. H. Wricut, Check 
List, 1888.—*PasTEL, Conch. Sam. ITI, 1890, p. 161. 

* Margarita (Unio) novi-eboraci LEA Syn., 1838, p. 19. 

*Margaron ( Unio) novi-eboracit LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 60. 

“Unio radiatus DE Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1848, p. 189, pl. x vit, fig. 236. 

“Unio subrostratus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio. 1861, p. 203, pl. Lxvn, fig. 3.— 
“REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvn, fig. 78. 


St. Lawrence drainage; west to southern Michigan; Ohio River sys- 
tem; Illinois and Wisconsin.’ 


' Dr. Lea states in the Synopsis in the above reference that Say’s U. subrostratus is 
identical with his iris. He is certainly mistaken. 

> Lea places Unio opalinus Anthony (Am. J1. Conch. II, 1866, p. 146, pl.vt, fig. 2) in the 
synonymy of the above species. It is an oval, compressed, greenish-yellow shell 
according to the figure and description, and seems to have been injured anteriorly. 
I can not tell what itis. It is credited by Anthony to Michigan. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 553 


tLAMPSILIS FATUUS Lea.! 


* Unio fatuus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, 
pe2Ol ply xx, fig. 14; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 39, pl. x1, fig. 14.—*Conrab, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 491.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx1, figs. 4, 4a, 4b. —* KustrerR, Conch. 
Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 287, pl. xcvi, fig. 5.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888,— 
*PHTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 152. 

* Margaron (Unio) fatuus La, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. 

* Unio dactylus Lra, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1842, p. 196, pl. rx, fig.7; * Obs., HI, 1842, p. 34, pl. 1x, fig. 7.—* Conran, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs. 
5, da, 5b.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* B. H.Wriaut, 
Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) dactylus Lea, Syn., 1852, p.36; 1870, p.57. 


Tennessee River system. One shell from Beaver River, Pennsyl- 
vania seems to be this. 


LAMPSILIS PLANICOSTATUS ea 


Unio planicostatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., [V, 1860, p. 92; AC INES Cie 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 354, pl. Lx, fig. 179; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. e pl. ix, fig. 
179.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) planicostatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 43. 


Warren County, Kentucky; Clinch River, Tennessee; Tuscumbia, 
Alabama. 


tLAMPSILIS NEBULOSUS Conrad.? 


*Unionebulosus CONRAD, New F'.W. Shells, 1834, p. 28, pl. 111, fig.7; p.70.—* FERUS- 
sac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—*MOLLER, Syn. Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 202.— 
*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist. ser., III, 1845, p. 16, pl.1, fig. 4.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160. 

* Margarita Unio) cumberlandianus LEA, Syun., 1836, p. 27; 1838, p. 20. 

* Margaron (Unio) cumberlandianus LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 30. 

t* Unio eumberlandicus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 25, pl. vit, fig. 19; *Obs., 
IT, 1858, p. 25, pl. vit, fig. 19.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
235.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842,p. 191; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 195, pl. xx11, fig. 
59.—* CATLOW and REE ve, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—*CONRAD, Pr. Kes ING 


1Tt is doubtful whether ang: is more than a variety of the preceding. In AOE. 
it has a rather more cylindrical shell, less rayed, and more decidedly and suddenly 
thickened in front than iris, but there are intermediate forms. 

*After carefully comparing again and again large series of specimens, I confess 
that I can not possibly separate the large number of so-called species I have united 
under this, the oldest name. It may seem a little strange that a species should be 
found in the Ohio River area and Gulf drainage, but recent research has proven 
that a large number of our common Upper Mississippi Valley and Ohio River forms 
are found in the Coosa, Alabama, Black Warrior, and adjoining streams. There is 
some variation in the brightness of the painting of a number of these so-called 
species, and in the form of different specimens, but no more than is found in many 
other abundant, widely-distributed forms, and the figure on pl. m1 of the New 
Fresh-water Shells fairly well represents the general manifestation of the males of 
this species. 


HDA PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 493.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxiv, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* SowERBy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxv1, fig. 197.—* B. H. Wricut, Check IS, 
1888. _*Pxtan, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149. 

* Margaron (Unio) cumberlandicus TL, Syn., 1870, p. 48. 

+* Unio notatus Lna,Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 28, pl. v1, fig.22; * Obs., II, 1838, 
p. 28, pl. vi, fig. 22.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 235.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 193; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pl. x x11, fig. 9.— 
*CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Ree. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—*CuENUu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xx1, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.— 
*B.H. Wriaat, Check. List, 1888.—* P#Ter, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161. 

* Vargarita (Unio) notatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 19. 

* Margaron (Unio) notatus Lea, Syn., 1852, p.29; 1870, p.45. 

+* Unio glaber Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 34, pl. x, fig. 29; *Obs., II, 
1838, p. 34, pl. x, fig. 29.—* TrRoscHEL, Arch. fiir. Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
236.—" HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 196; * Biv. Moll., 1843, p. 196, pl. xxi, 
fig. 2.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sei., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 494.—* Cumunu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxiv, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxv, fig. 452.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 
1888.—*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153. 

* Margarita (Unio) glaber Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 28; 1838, p. 20. 

* Margaron (Unio) glaber L¥a, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 48. 

*Unio radians Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 82; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
1V, 1859, p. 201, pl. xx, fig. 84; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 19, pl. xxm1, fig. 84.— 
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) radians LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 

t* Unio jonesii Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 171; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 339, pl. rv, fig. 164; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 21, pl. Liv, fig. 164,— 
*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch., Sam., III, 1890, p. 156. 

* Margaron ( Unio) jonesii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. 

t * Unio discrepans LEA, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., TV, 1860, p. 92; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., 1V, 1860,p. 340, pl. Lv, fig. 165; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 22, pl. Lv, fig. 
165.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxtv, fig. 176.—*B. H. 
Wriacut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. . 

* Margaron (Unio) discrepans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. 

+ * Unio scitulus Lia, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 98; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 342, pl. Lv, fig. 167; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 24, pl. Lv, fig. 167.—* B. 
H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Vargaron (Unio) scitulus Lwa, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 

+ * Unio lingueformis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 305; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 345, pl. Lv, fig. 170; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 27, pl. Lv1, 
fig. 170.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) lingueformis Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 48. 

+t * Unio perpictus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 350, pl. Lv, fig. 175; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 32, pl. 
Lvl, fig. 175; *B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. * 

* Margaron (Unio) perpictus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 44. 

t*Unio difficilis Lwa,! Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 311, pl. xix, fig. 124; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 71, pl. xurx, 
fig. 124.—* B. H. WricuT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron ( Unio) difficilis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 


''Two shells are in the Lea collection; one adult and badly worn, the other young, : 
I believe it to be only a form of nebulosus. 


De at) 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 555 


+* Unio sparus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XX, 1868, p. 143; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 306, pl. xLvu, fig.119; *Obs., XII, p. 66, pl. xLvu, fig. 
119.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1838. 

* Margaron (Unio) sparus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 


Cumberland and Tennessee rivers systems, Green River, Kentucky; 
Tombigbee and Alabama rivers drainage; Columbus, Georgia; Wolfs- 
ville, North Carolina. 


+ LAMPSILIS MUHLFELDIANUS Lea.! 


*Unio mihlfeldianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 41, pl. xu, fig. 36; *Obs., 
TI, 1838, p. 41, pl. x11, fig. 36.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
236.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.195; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 196., pl. x x11, 
fig. 60.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.61.—*ConrabD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* CuENw, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xvu, figs. 5, 
5a, 5b.—* H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. -Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* SowxERBy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxviul, fig. 211.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 
1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160. 

*Margarita (Unio) miihlfeldianus Lua, Syn., 1856, p. 27; 1838, p. 20. 

*Margaron (Unio) miihlfeldianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 48. 


Cumberland River; Watauga River near Johnson City, 'Tennessee. 


+LAMPSILIS AMCENUS Lea.? 


*Unio amenus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soe., VIII, 
1842, p. 200, pl. x, fig. 12; * Obs., III, 1842, p. 200, pl. x, fig. 12.—* ConraD, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 244.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 386, 
pl. xxrv, fig. 9.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs. 5, 5a, 56.—* H. 
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1868, pl. LXxrx, fig. 416.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144. 

*Margaron (Unio) amenus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. 


Holston River, Tennessee. 


+LAMPSILIS TENER Lea.’ 


* Unio tener LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1840, 
p. 198, pl. x, fig. 10; *Obs., ITI, 1842, p. 36, pl. x, fig. 10.—*CaTLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.— 
*H. and A. ApaMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 
1858, pl. xxxI, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* PHTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169. 

Margaron (Unio) tener Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44. 

t* Unio regularis Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p.82; * Tr. Am. Phil Soc., VIII, 
1842, p. 243, pl. xxv, fig.59; * Obs., III, 1842, p. 81, pl. xxv, fig. 59.—* CONRAD, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* CHENU, III. Conch., 1858, p]. xx xu, 
fig. 3, 3a, 3b.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. —* SOwERBY, 


1 Lea has only a single specimen in his collection. -I consider it a species of doubt- 
ful validity. 

2Doubtfully valid. More regularly elliptical than nebulosus, and the dorsal and 
basal lines are more nearly paraliel. 

*1 have only seen the type, a miserably eroded, broken shell, part of which is 
missing, but I have no doubt that it is the same thing as regularis. 


556 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. YOU. XXI. | 


Conch. Icon.. XVI, 1868, pl. Lx vin, fig. 351.—* B. H. WrieH?, Check List, 
1888.—P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161. 
* Margaron ( Unio) reqularis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. 


Big Pigeon and French Broad rivers, Tennessee; near Bowling Green, 


Kentucky. 
+ LAMPSILIS SIMUS Lea. 


* Margarita (Unio) simus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 29; 1838, p. 21. 

* Unio simus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 26, pl. vu, fig. 20; * Obs., II, 1838, 
p. 26, pl. vim, fig. 20.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 235.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 197; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 197.— * CatLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* ConrabD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1853, p. 257.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494; * CHENU, 
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xx1, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—* KuSTER, Conch., Cab. Unio, 1861, 
p. 248, pl. LXxxu1I, fig. 4, p. 262, pl. LXxxxvitl, fig. 3.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check 
List, 1888.—* PTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.! 

*Margaron (Unio) simus LE, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 50. 

*Unio notatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253. 

*Unio spatulatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxv, fig. 328. 

*? Unio proximus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 248, pl. Lxxx1n, fig. 4. 


Cumberland and Tennessee river systems; Othcalooga Creek, north- 


west Georgia. 
+ LAMPSILIS PLANCUS Lea.’ 


“Unio plancus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., IV, 1860, p. 307; ~ Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 81, pl. x, fig. 229; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 85, pl. x, fig. 229.— 
*B. H.Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 
*Margaron (Unio) plancus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 50. 
Coosa River at Wetumpka, Alabama. 
(Group of Lampsilis subangulatus.) 


Shell elliptical, inflated, subsolid, drawn to a point behind; that of 
the female only slightly swollen just behind the central base; bars of 
the beak sculpture somewhat coarse, feebly double looped; epidermis 
very smooth, shining, brightly rayed; teeth rather smooth, subcom- 
pressed; nacre bluish or purplish. Animal having the marsupium very 
large; ovisacs numerous; gills large, nearly semicircular. 


LAMPSILIS SUBANGULATUS Lea. 


*Unio subangulatus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p.287; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
VIII, 1842, p. 29, pl. xii, fig. 235 * Obs., III, 1842, p. 47, pl. xm, fig. 23.—* H. 
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, 
pl. XxIx, figs. 2, 2a, 2b6.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 278, pl. xcrv, 
fig. 2.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 168.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1892, p. 415, pl. Lv, fig. 1. 

*Margaron (Unio) subangulatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. 

* Unio fasciolus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249. 


Appalachicola River system, Georgia and Florida. 


'Spelled sinus, but no doubt intended for simus. 
2 Doubtfully distinct from simus. Ihave seen only the type. 


Cn 
On 
~l 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DIES—SIMPSON. 


+LAMPSILIS KIRKLANDIANUS S. H. Wright.! 


*Unio kirklandianus 8S. H. Wricur, Nautilus, X, 1897, p. 136. 
~ Lampsilis kirklandianus Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1900, p. 76, pl. 1, fig. 7. 


Ocklocknee river, Leon County, Florida. 
(Group of Lampsilis ellipsiformis.) 


Shell elliptical, subinflated, pointed behind, that of the female but 
slightly swollen at the post base; behind this inflation there is a slight 
sinus; beak sculpture doubly looped, the hinder loop sometimes open 
behind; epidermis dull, rayed with wavy lines, generally arranged in 
bands; nacre white. 

Animal with the marsupium colored below; gills large, inner wholly 
united to or only free from the abdominal sack a short distance. 


+ LAMPSILIS ELLIPSIFORMIS Conrad. 


* Unio ellipsiformis CONRAD, Monog., VIII, 1836, p. 60, pl. xxx1v, fig. 1.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 


* Unio spatulatus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
X, 1848, p. 80, pl. vin, fig. 22; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 54, pl. vim, fig. 22; Pr. Ac. 


5 


N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 495.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 261, pl. Lxxxvil, fig. 7.— 
* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa, Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 45.—* B. H. Wriacut, Cheek List, 
1888.—* Pa TEL Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 


* Margaron (Unio) spatulatus LEA. 
* Lampsilis spatulatus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 106, pl. x, fig.5; x11, 


fig. 2. 
Upper Mississippi Valley generally; south to about latitude 38°; 
western New York; southern Michigan; southern Canada; Red River 


of the North. 
+LAMPSILIS PLEASII Marsh. 


* Unio pleasiti Marsu, the Observer (a newspaper), II, May, 1891; Nautilus, V, 
1891, p. 2. 
Little Red River, Arkansas; Morrisville, Polk County, Missouri. 


+ LAMPSILIS ARKANSASENSIS Lea. 


“Unio arkansasensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 169; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 206, pl. Xxx, fig. 275; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 28, pl. xxx, fig. 275.— 
“B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 


Hot Springs, Arkansas; Saline River near Benton, Arkansas. (Call.) 
+LAMPSILIS OZARKENSIS Call. 

*Unio ozarkensis CALL, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p. 498, pl. xxv11.—*B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*CaLt, Tr. Ac. Sci., St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 33, pl. 
XVIII. 

Jack’s Ford of Current River, Missouri; White River, Arkansas. 


1A lovely, brilliant little species, nearly allied to subangulatus, but probably 


distinct. 


558 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


(Group of Lampsilis trabalis.) 


Shell solid, that of the male sinuate at post base, and sometimes pro- 
‘duced posteriorly, female shell wider, only slightly sinuous; beak seulp- 
ture rather coarse, feebly doubly looped; epidermis dark, with wavy, 
capillary rays; hinge heavy; nacre bluish-white or purple; animal 
unknown. ! 


+ LAMPSILIS TRABALIS Conrad. 


*Unio trabalis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, May 3, 1834, p. 27, pl. m1, fig.5; p. 
72.—*FERuSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—*MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 
201.—*CONRAD, Monog. ., XII, 1840, p. 110, pl. Lx, fig. 2.—*CHENU, Bib. Conch., 
Ist ser., IIT, 1845, p. 15, pl. 1, fig. 3.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, 
p. 259.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

t Unio troostensis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834 (August or September), p. 71, pl. 
x, fig. 80; *Obs., 1, 1834, p. 183, pl. x, fig. 30.—* FrERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, 
p. 29.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.186; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 186, pl. xx, 
fig. 24.—CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.64.—* H. and A. ADAMs, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1858, p. 496.—* KusrreR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 193, pl. 
LXI, fig. 4.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. rxxvin, fig. 406,.— 
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170. 

*Margarita (Unio) troostensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 18. 

*Margaron (Unio) troostensis Lra, Syu., 1852, p. 25. 

*Margaron (Unio) troostii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39. 

“Unio troostii B. HW. WriGuT, Check List, 1888. 

“Unio vanuxemensis SOwWERBY, Conch. Icon., 1866, pl. XXxIx, fig. 216. 


Kentucky and streams of Tennessee; Clinch River, Virginia. 


+} LAMPSILIS PERPURPUREUS Lea. 

“Unio perpurpureus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 41; ~Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 46, pl. xvi, fig. 44; “Obs., XI, 1867, p. 50, pl. xv1u, fig. 44.— 
*B. H. WrRieutT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) perpurpureus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. 

*Unio troostensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXIX, fig. 415. 


Tennessee River, drainage, extending into Virginia in the Clinch. 
(Group of Lampsilis modioliformis. ) 


Shell elliptical, thin, quite evenly rounded before and behind, some. 
what inflated; beak sculpture consisting of a few parallel bars, looped 
in front, and generally open; epidermis with beautiful, rather broad, 
generally unbroken, sometimes slightly wavy rays; nacre brilliantly 
iridescent eOstenlonly, teeth compressed. The female shell is greatly 


1 Certain ale Syste of it, eae differ so remar ae from foes of the females 
and from any other known Naiades that it might be supposed that they belonged to 
an isolated group. Other male shells, however, differ but little from the females, 
and in L. perpurpureus, a species so close to L. trabalis that it is often difficult to 
separate them, the male shells differ but slightly from those of the females. 
Through this former species the group seems very closely related to that of ellipst- 
formis, and so on to the assemblage typified by L. iris. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 559 


expanded posteriorly, the outline sometimes being almost arcuate on the 
middle base, and sweeping around in a regular curve to the ligament. 
Animal with mantle border often spotted, and in the female furnished 
-with fine, well-developed papillz on the post-ventral region; branchial 
opening large, with many strong papille; marsupium projecting greatly 
below the rest of the gills, rounded below; ovisacs large and distinct. 


+ LAMPSILIS MODIOLIFORMIS Lea. 


* Unio modioliformis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p.97, pl. x11, fig. 40; *Obs., I, 
1834, p. 209, pl. xu, fig. 40.—* Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEy, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 209; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 209, pl. xx111, fig. 37.—* CaTLOW 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.61.—*H. and A. ApaAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., IT, 
1857, p. 492.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 139, fig. 678.—*B. H. Wricut, Check 
List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. 
Mus., XV, 1892, p. 414, pl. LVI, figs. 2, 3, 6. 

*Margarita (Unio) modioliformis LEA, Syn., 1856, p. 39; 1838, p. 25. 

*Margaron (Unio) modioliformis Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 44. 

* Unio tenerus RAVENEL, Cat., 1834, p. 58.!—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 209; 
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 209.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 
258.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492. 

* Margarita (Unio) tenerus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 39; 1838, p. 25. 

*Margaron (Unio) tenerus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.39; 1870, p. 44. 

*Unio delumbis KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 207, pl. LXIX, fig. 1. 


Santee Canal, South Carolina, south to north Florida; probably west 
to Mississippi. 
tLAMPSILIS GRACILIOR Lea. 


*Unio gracilior LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, p. 56, pl. viii, fig. 38; *Obs., VI, p. 56, pl. vii, fig. 38.—* B. H. 
Wricat, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) gracilior LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 

t* Unio obfuscus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p.172; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1859, p. 197, pl. x x11, fig. 80; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 15, pl. xxu1, fig. 80.—*B. H. 
Wricnt, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) obfuscus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 


Near Macon, Georgia. 
+ LAMPSILIS VIBEX Conrad. 


* Unio vibex Conrad, New L. and F.W. Shells, 1834, p. 31, pl. 1v, fig. 3, p. 72.2— 
FERUSSAC, Guerin Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 203.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 195.—* CHENU, 


1T am not aware that any description of Ravenel’s species has ever been published. 
In his catalogue, he gives it this name, and refers to his manuscripts only. Speci- 
mens that he gave Dr. Lea, which are credited to him from the Santee canal in pencil 
on the shells, are undoubtedly modioliformis. Other specimeus from another locality, 
which Lea has put with these, and has called Unio tenerus Ravenel, are undoubtedly 
L. prevostianus Lea. It was these latter specimens which caused me to be mistaken 
in the identity of Unio tenerus in my paper in Proceedings of the United States 
National Museum, XV, p. 416. 

2One lot in the Academy of Sciences is the same as the exiguus of Lea, another is 
the same as Lea’s nashvillianus. Conrad’s figure, which is not very good, agrees 
fairly well with the former, but is certainly not the latter. 


960 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 
Bib. Gamat, 1st ser., III, 1816, Do IT, Til, wor, Ae 6.— © CATL Ow anal REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
495.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 
171. 

*Margarita (Unio) vibex Lr, Syn., 1836, p. 27; 1838, p. 20. 

* Margaron (Unio) vibex Lua, Syn., 1852, p.30; 1870, p. 48. 

t* Unio eriguus LHA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287.—* Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1842, p.191, pl. vu, fig. 1; * Obs., IIT, 1842, p. 29, pl. v1, fig. 1.—* Conran, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* H. and A. ApDams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 494.—* CHENU, II]., Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs, 1, 1a, 1b.'—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, p. 38, fig. 208.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.— 
* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 

* Margaron (Unio) exiguus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43. 

+t* Unio stagnalis CONRAD, Ann. and Mag. N. Hist., IV, 1849, p. 300; *Pr. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., IV, 1849, p. 1535? J]. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1850, p. 275, pl. xxxvu, 
fig.2; Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. 
MollL., II, 1857, p. 495.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* ParEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 

* Margaron (Unio) stagnalis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. 

+ *Unio rutilans LBA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 59, pl. 1x, fig. 41; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 59, pl. 1x, fig. 41.— 
* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 258, pl. LXxxvu, fig. 3.— *B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.— * ParEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166. 

* Margaron (Unio) rutilans Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 

t* Unio subellipsis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 62, pl. x, fig. 44; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 62, pl. x, fig. 44.—*B. 
H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) subellipsis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 
* Unio prevostianus SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXIII, fig. 315. 
*Onio subangulatus SOwERBY,® Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxv, fig. 327. 


+t LAMPSILIS VIBEX var. NIGRINUS Lea.‘ 


*Unio nigrinus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 284, pl. xxiv, fig. 44; *Obs., 
V, 1852, p. 40, pl. xxiv, fig. 44.—* ConrapD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 
253. +H, and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IJ, 1857, p. 492.—* B. H. Wrient, 
Check List, 1888.—* PawtTreL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161. 

*Margaron ( Unio) nigrinus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. 

t * Unio floridensis S. H. WRIGHT, Conch. Exchange, II, 1888, p. 105. 

t*Unio averilliti B. H. Wriagut, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XXIII, 1888, p. 115, pl. 11, 
fig. 2.—B. H. WrieutT, Check List, 1888. 


Ogeechee River, Georgia, west to Jackson, Mississippi; the variety 
in aE lonida, 6 south to the Hillsborough River. 


l eso figures, re all ReGen. 

2This seems to be equivalent to a male subellipsis of Lea, of a little more solid, 
evenly oval or elliptical form than the type. I do not think it worthy of a varietal 
name, as there is every possible gradation between these shells. I formerly placed 
exiguus, rutilans, and subellipsis in the synonymy of modioliformis (Proc. U.S. Nat. 
Mus., XV, 1892, p. 414), and in a young state they seem to be exactly alike, as a geu- 
eral thing; but the examination of a large amount of additional material since 
wien has led me to believe that the latter may perhaps be distinct. 

5 Probably a young specimen, rather wide at the posterior end. 

4A smaller, shorter, fragile form, generally having a rather dark epidermis, and 
purplish nacre. It is a southern variety, and gradually merges into the type in the 
Chattahoochee region. 


NO, 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 561 


+LAMPSILIS DISPAR Lea. 


“Unio dispar Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 3805; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p.327, pl. x1, fig. 153; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 9, pl. u1, fig. 153.—*B, 
H. WriGut, Check List, 1888. 
* Margaron (Unio) dispar LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 
Southwest Georgia. 
(Group of Lampsilis amygdalum.) 


Shell rather small, obovate, inflated, epidermis varying from smooth 
and shining to somewhat cloth-like, ashy green to blackish, but always 
showing green tints when seen through transmitted light, indistinctly 
rayed; beaks rather high, sculptured with fine, parallel bars, arranged 
in a double loop, that in front being large and rounded, that behind 
small and rather pointed below; hinge teeth compressed; nacre irides- 
cent behind. The greatest height of the shell is just behind the center; 
its greatest diameter is just in front of it, or at a point just behind the 
beaks; the posterior end is often pointed and somewhat raised. Animal 
with the marsupium large, reaching far below the inner gills, and having 
a black border; inner gills united to the abdominal sac throughout; 
anal opening smooth or only slightly crenulate. 


tLAMPSILIS AMYGDALUM Lea. 


Unio amygdalum LEA, Desc. of 12 sp. Uniones, Aug. 19, 1843; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
IX, 1846. p. 275, pl. xxx1x, fig. 1; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 33, pl. xxx1x, fig. 1.— 
* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 244.—* H. and A, ApAms, Gen., 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa&rst, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144.—* Simpson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 
426, pl. Lx vil, fig. 8.—* CALL, Pr. Ind. Ac. Sci., 1896, p. 115. 

*Margaron (Unio) amygdalum Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. 

t* Unio lepidus GOULD,!' Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., VI, 1856, p. 15; Otia Conch., 1862, p. 
222.—B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Srmpson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV, 
1892, p. 426, pl. LXv11l, fig. 1; LXIx, fig. 3. 

* Margaron (Unio) lepidus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 39. 
Florida. 
tLAMPSILIS SUDUS Lea.? 


*Unio concavus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852,. p. 260, pl. xv, fig. 11; *Obs., V, 
1852, p. 16, pl. xv, fig. 11.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p.247.— 
*H, and A. ADAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* SowErRBy, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcmr, fig. 504.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.— 
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

* Margaron (Unio) concavus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46. 

t* Unio sudus LEa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., [X, p.170; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., IV, 
1859, p. 194, pl. xxi, fig. 77; *Obs., VII, 1895, p.12, pl. xx1, fig. 77.—*B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) sudus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 


Abbeville, South Carolina. 


1 Having carefully compared the type of this, a large specimen, with amygdalum, 
I have no doubt that both are the same species. 

2'The name concavus applied by Lea was, I believe, used previously by Zelebor for 
what seems to be U. tumidus. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 36 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIT. 


+LAMPSILIS VESICULARIS Lea.! 


*Tnio vesicularis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., II, 1872, p. 156; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 37, pl. xu, fig. 34; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 41, pl. x11, fig. 
34.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Srupson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV, 
1892, p. 425, pl. LX vil, fig. 4. 


Florida; Flint River, Georgia? 
+LAMPSILIS VILLOSUS B. H. Wright. 


“Unio villosus B. H. Wricut, Naut., XII, 1898, p. 32. 
Lampsilis villosus SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1900, p. 77, pl. 1, fig. 1. 


Suwanee and Hseambia rivers, Florida. 
+LAMPSILIS TROSSULUS Lea. 


Unio trossulus Lea, Desc. 12 sp. Uniones, 1845; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1846, 
p. 278, pl. x1, fig. 6; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 36, pl. x1, fig. 6.—*B. H. Wriaut, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
496.—*B.H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—*P«TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 
170.—*Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 427, pl. Lxvitl, fig. 3. 
*Margaron ( Unio) trossulus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39. 


Lake Monroe, Florida. 
+LAMPSILIS PELLUCIDUS Lea. 


“Unio pellucidus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Sci., 1V, 1845, p. 163.—*Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 
1845, p. 70, pl. 1, fig.6; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 44, pl. 11, fig. 6.—CoNnraD, Pr. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
492.-—B. H. WriGut, Check List, 1888.—P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

*Margaron (Unio) pellucidus Lea, Syn., 1852, p.39; 1870, p. 62. 


Flint and Chattahoochee rivers, Georgia. 
+LAMPSILIS MINOR Lea. 


Unio minor LEA, Desc. 12 sp. Uniones, 1843; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1846, p. 276, 
pl. XXXIX, fig.3; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 34, pl. xxxIX, fig. 3.—*CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
494.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 
1892, p. 425, pl. LX VII, fig. 2. 

*Margaron (Unio) minor LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49. 

*Unio stearnsit B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 


Florida and southwestern Georgia. 
+LAMPSILIS PAPYRACEUS Gould. 


“Unio papyraceus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., I, 1845, p.53.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. 
~N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 


1 Dr. Lea has only two specimens of this shell, both in very bad condition—dead 
and eroded. I have been much inclined to believe that it was a form of L. amyg- 
dalum, but recently a specimen in better condition submitted for my inspection by 
Mr. B. H. Wright would seem to show that the two are distinct. 

2A doubtful species. The type is the only specimen I have ever seen which I can 
refer with any certainty to this species. It is a smali, rather solid shell, and may be 
an unusually heavy L. amygdalum. 


isin 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NALIDES—SIMPSON. 563 


p. 492. S Gon, Otia. Giandie 1862, 310s 197. cy ie Gwacan Giieas Thige 1888.— 
*PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.—* Simpson, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 
1892, ». 427, pl. Lx vill, fig. 2. 

Margaron (Unio) papyraceus LEA, Syn. 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 62. 


Everglades, Florida. 
tLAMPSILIS SINGLEYANUS Marsh.! 
~Unio singleyanus MARSH, Joliet Weekly News (a newspaper), May 1, 1891; *Nau- 


tilus, V, 1891, p. 29.—* Simpson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 426, pl. 
LX VIII, figs. 4, 5. 


Putnam and Sumpter counties, Florida. 


Subgenus CARUNCULINA Simpson in Baker, 1898,” 
(Type, Unio texasensis Lea.) 


Shell small, inflated, obovate, rather solid, covered with a thick, dark, 
often cloth-like epidermis, which is rayless or only feebly rayed; beak 
sculpture consisting of rather strong, concentric ridges, which form, as 
a general thing, only a single, rounded loop in front, and are strongly 
curved upward behind.*? Pseudocardinals compressed, smooth on the 
inside, generally reflexed upward, somewhat torn on the edges. Shell 
quite commonly pointed posteriorly, that of the female truncated 
obliquely on post base. Animal with the marsupium consisting of a 
few large ovisacs (8 to 13); inner gills wholly or in part free from the 
abdominal sac; female often having «a well-developed caruncle on the 

mantle below the branchial opening. 


+LAMPSILIS TEXASENSIS Lea. 


* Unio parvus CONRAD, Monog., II, 1836, p. 20, pl. 1x, fig. 1.—*HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 
1843, p. 196, pl. xxu1, fig.3.—*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. xxxv, fig. 
186. 

* Unio texasensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1857, p.84; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 359, pl. Lx1, fig. 184; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 41, pl. LXI, fig. 184.— 
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. x, fig. 218.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check 
List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.—* Cai, Pr. Ind. Acad. 
Sci., 1896, p. III, pl. v, figs. 38-40. 

*Margaron (Unio) texasensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49. 

t* Unio batrdianus LEaA,* Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 102; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 361, pl. Lx1, fig. 186; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 48, pl. Lxy, fig. 186.— 
*B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888. 

erga on (Unio) bairdianus LEA, Syn., HOU, p. 49. 


This may inelowe to ho parvus group. The beaks af specimens I have examined 
were badly eroded. 

* Krroneously spelled Corunculina. 

> Occasionally there is a vestige of a posterior loop, and I have seen it perfectly 
developed, especially in specimens of L. haleianus. The beak sculpture of this group 
is remarkably like that of the Tetralasmus group of eee though the two assem- 
blages are not at all closely related. 

+A rather delicate variety, but I hardly think -worthy of a varietal name. The 
species varies from being quite slender to short, wide, and inflated. 


564 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


+* Unio Baaites Lea, Pr. Ke N. Sik ene ar 1862, p. 169; “31, Ae. iN, Sci. Phila. YY, 
1862, p. 204, pl. XXX, fig. 273; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 26, pl. xxx, fig. 273.—*B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) bealei LEA, Syn. 1870, p. 49. 


e 


+ LAMPSILIS TEXASENSIS var. COMPRESSUS Simpson! 


Texas, north to Kansas; Missouri; southern Illinois and Indiana; 
south through Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana; the 
variety in southwest Texas. 


tLAMPSILIS MEARNSI Simpson. 
*Lampsilis mearnsi Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 75, p1. 1, fig. 4. 
Vicinity of Fort Clarke, Kinney County, Texas. 


+ LAMPSILIS PARVUS Barnes. 


* Unio parvus BARNES, Am. J]. Sci., VI, 1823, pl. x11, fig. 18 (outline).2—SHORT and 
Eaton, Transylvania Journal, 1831, p. 78.—*CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, 
p. 70.—*Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 196.—* Puitippi, Abbild, I, 1845, p. 19, pl. 1, 
fig. 4.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—*KUsTER, Conch. Cab. 
Unio, 1852, p. 33, pl. v, fig. 5.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 
25.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—*B. H. WriGut, 
Check List, 1888.—*P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

* Margarita (Unio) parvus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 28; 1838, p. 21. 

*Margaron (Unio) parvus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49. 

*Lampsilis parvus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 109, pl. x1, fig. 3. 

*Mya parva Eaton, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 222 


Mississippi River drainage generally; southwest to central Texas; 
western New York; southern Canada; and Michigan doubtfully. 


+ LAMPSILIS HALEIANUS Lea.’ 


*Unio haleianus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1842, p. 224; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1842, p. 247, pl. xxvil, fig. 63; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 85, pl. xx vit, fig. 63.— Con- 
RAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen., Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxv1, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.— 
* ? REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx1v, fig. 116.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check 
List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 154. 

*Margaron ( Unio) haleianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49. 


Alexandria, Louisiana; eastern Texas. 


1A nie ered sour form from southwest Texas may bear this name. 

2Barnes’s outline shows a small shell, evenly rounded posteriorly. I believe that 
this character of being rounded behind is constant, and is the only one by which it 
always differs from its near ally, L. terasensis, which is more sharp behind and usually 
obliquely truncate at the post-base. The two species have been continually con- 
founded, and even Dr. Lea has placed in his collection under the name parvus a 
number of specimens which I am sure are his texasensis. The former is generally the 
smaller of the two, though not always, as in northern Illinois it sometimes reaches 
alength of 2 inches. L. texasensis undoubtedly ranges north into northern Missouri, 
southern Illinois and Indiana, and the true parvus is occasionally found well down 
into Texas. 

’ This is often confounded with ZL. texasensis. It is a larger, thinner-shelled form, 
and is not so decidedly truncate at the post-basal region. 


se 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 565 


+LAMPSILIS GLANS Lea. 


*Unio glans Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1834, p. 82, pl. vin, fig. 12; *Obs., I, 1834, p. 92, 
pl. vu, fig. 12.—* Conrab, New I. W. Shelis, 1834, p. 69.—* FreRussac, Guerin 
Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* ConraD, Monog., II, 1836, p. 21, pl. 1x, fig. 2—* HanLzy, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 196; Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 196, pl. xxu, fig. 33.—* CaTLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 
37, pl. vi, fig.3.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* CuEnu, 
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. v111, figs. 9, 9a, 9b.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 494.—*SowrrsBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxv1, fig. 190.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PasTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154. 

* Margarita ( Unio) glans L&a, Syn., 1836, p. 28; 1838, p. 21. 

*Margaron (Unio) glans LEA, Syn., 1852, p.31; 1870, p. 49. 


Ohio River drainage; Warsaw, Indiana; (probably St. Lawrence 
drainage) southern Michigan; White River, Carroll County, Arkansas 
(Call). 

+LAMPSILIS GERMANUS Lea. 


“Unio germanus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 40; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1866, p. 49, pl. xrx, fig. 54; *Obs., XI, 1867, p.53, pl. x1x, fig.54.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) germanus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49. 

t * Unio granulatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.60; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Pkila., 
VI, 1866, p. 48, pl. xvi, fig.46; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 52, pl. xvi, fig. 46.—* B. H. 
Wrigeat, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) granulatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49. 


Coosa River, and Big Prairie Creek, Alabama. 
tLAMPSILIS CYLINDRELLUS Lea. 


*Unio cylindrellus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.144; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1869, p.308, pl. xLv111, fig. 121.—* Obs., XII, 1869, p. 68, pl. xLvim1, 
fig. 121.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, i888. 

* Margaron ( Unio) ceylindrellusgLva, Syn., 1870, p. 49. 


Tennessee River drainage. 
tLAMPSILIS MCESTUS Lea.! 


*Unio mestus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 82; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, 
p. 244, pl. xxv, fig. 60; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 82, pl. xxv, fig. 60.—* ConraD, Pr. 
_ Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* CHENU, III. Conch., 1858, pl. xx v1, figs. 
3, 3a, 3b.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 494.—* KusTER, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 226, pl. Lx xvI, fig.5.—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 
1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159. 
*Margaron (Unio) mestus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.31; 1870, p. 49. 


French Broad River, Tennessee. 
+ LAMPSILIS CROMWELLII Lea. 


“Unio Cromwellit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1X, 1865, p.89; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1869, p. 258, pl. xxx1, fig. 73; Obs., XII, 1869, p. 19, pl. xxx1, fig. 73.—B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 


1The only shells I have seen of this are two in the Lea collection, having quite 
solid, stumpy teeth. They are old, dead, and a little worn, and in such a condition 
that it is hard to tell much about them. ‘The species may be a large cylindrellus, but 
I can not be sure that they are. 


566 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


* Margaron ( (Oana) cr sonnets Lea, Som. 1870, p. 49. 

t Unio marginis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila.. 1865, p.89; * JJ. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 
1869, p. 225, pl. xxx1, fig. 69; *~Obs., XII, 1869, p. 15, pl. xx x1, fig. 69.—* B. Hi. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron ( Onio) marginis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49. 


Western Georgia and southeastern Alabama. 
+ LAMPSILIS CORVUNCULUS Lea. 


*Unio corvunculus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 314, pl. L, fig. 127; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 74, pl. u, fig. 127.—* B. 
H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) corvunculus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49. 


_ Western Georgia; Village Creek, Jefferson County, Alabama; Lake 
Ashby, Florida. 


2 


+LAMPSILIS PAULUS Lea. 


*Unio paulus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1840, p. 287; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1842, p. 213, pl. xv, fig. 29; * Obs., III, 1842, p. 51, pl. Xv, fig. 29.—* ConRapD, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—* H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., U, 
1857, p. 494.—* CHENU, I]. Conch., 1858, pl. Xx vil, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—* KUSTER, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 260, pl. LXxxvu, fig. 6.—* B. H. Wrient, Check 
List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

*Margaron (Unio) paulus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49. 

+* Unio corvinus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 310, pl. xLviml, fig. 123; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 70, pl. xLvu1, 
fig. 123.—* B. H.Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron ( Unio) corvinus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49. 


Flint and Chattahoochee rivers, Georgia. 
LAMPSILIS PULLUS Conrad.! 


*Unio pullus CONRAD, Monog., XI, 1838, p. 100, pl. Liv, fig. 2; * Proc. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. PhiJa., VI, 1853, p. 255.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
494.—* KusTER,Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 270, pl. xc1, fig. 2.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* P#Trex, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164. 

*Margaron (Unio) pullus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49. 


Warm Springs, North Carolina. 
Subgenus PROPTERA Rafinesque, 1819. 
(Type, Unio alatus Say.) 


Shell usually large, gaping at the anterior base and edge of dorsal 
slope, winged along the dorsal region when young and often when adult; 
beak sculpture feeble, consisting, when developed, of an anterior and 
posterior loop, the former often wanting; the latter sometimes becomes 
slightly nodulous; epidermis generally brown, often cloth-like when 
fresh, rayless or feeble EN teeth rather COMET PSETCOGE NET HES 


1Conrad’s an | is a poor one, and I can moh be positive just ahene the species 
should be placed, but incline to think it a member of the Texasensis group. Lea has 
a shell which he calls the pullus of Conrad, which came from Ravenel, labeled “‘S. 
Carolina,” but which, I think, is not this, but some species of the subrostratus group. 
It is quite probable that pullus is the same as Lea’s corvunculus. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 567 


frequently imperfect or nearly wanting; laterals remote; anterior muscle 
sears often complicated; dorsal scars consisting of a row of from four 
to thirty distinct, often deep impressions, running from the cavity of 
the beak obliquely downward anteriorly; nacre purplish. Animal 
with large branchiw; marsupium consisting of numerous, generally 
tine ovisaes, which are often somewhat radial: mantle thickened and 
distinctly double on the border, often papillose behind where the outer 
told develops into a thickened flap; branchial opening with irregular 
teeth; anal opening smooth or only slightly crenulate. 


(Group of Lampsilis alatus.) 


Shell obovate, strongly winged, subsolid, with a slight posterior and 
superposterior ridge; epidermis thick, dark, showing irregular growth 
lines; hinge teeth generally well developed; nacre dark purple, female 
shell greatly developed in post-basal region. Animal with very numer- 
ous and fine ovisacs; marsupium large; inner gills united to abdominal 
sac throughout. 

+LAMPSILIS ALATUS Say. 


Unio alatus Say, Nich. Encyc., II, 1816, pl. 1v, fig. 2.—* Hitpreta, Am. Jl. Sci., 
XIV, 1828, p. 285, fig. 17.—*Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Conrab, New F. W. 
Shells, 1834, p. 67; Monog., VII, 1836, p. 57, pl. xxx1.—* SowERBy, Conch. 
Man., 1839, fig. 147.—*ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 14.—* REEVE, 
Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 118, pl. Lxxxrx, fig. 8.—*C. B. ADAMs, Thompson’s 
History of Vermont, 1842, p. 166, fig.; *L. and F. W. Shells of Vermont, 1842, p. 
16, fig.—* HaNnLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p.174; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 174.—* Dr 
Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1848, p. 195.—* PoTirz and MicHaupD, Gall. Moll., 
1844, p. 146, pl. Lv1, fig. 2.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 55.— 
*KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 15, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* DEwery, Ninth Rep. N. Y. 
Cab. Nat. Hist., 1856, p. 32.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 498.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 148, fig. 708.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1866, pl. xLiv, fig. 242.—* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. N. Sci., 1874, p. 41.— 
* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p. 52.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check 
List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 144. 2 

* Margarita (Unio) alatus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 11; 1835, p. 13. 

* Margaron ( Unio) alatus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28. 

* Lampsilis alatus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 97, pl. xvi. 

*Unio alata LAMARCK, An.sans Vert., V1, 1819, p. 76.—* DESHAYES, Encyc. Meth., 
II, 1830, p. 583; *An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 539; 3d ed., II, 1839, 
p. 669. : 

* Mya alata, EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 219.—* Woop, Index Test. (Rev.), 
1856, p. 199, pl.1, supp. fig. 3. 

“Symphynota alata Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p. 448; *Obs., 1834, I, p. 
62.—SHORT and EATON, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 80.—* FERUssAc, Guer, 
Mag., 1835, p. 25. 

*Lymnadia alata SWAINSON, Treat. on Mal., 1840, p. 265, fig. 48; * Exotic Conch., 
2d ed., 1841, p. 38, pl. vi. 

* Mysca alata SWAINSON, Exotic Conch., 2d ed., 1841, p. 28, pl. vu. 

* Metaptera alata STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac.N. 
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260. 

*? Metaptera metaptera RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci., Brux, V, 1820, p. 300, pl. 
LXXxX, figs. 20-22.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 15, pl. 1, 
figs. 20-22. 


568 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXU. 


tLAMPSILIS ALATUS var. POULSONI Conrad. 


* Unio poulsont CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 25, pl. 1, p. 71.—* MOLLER, 
Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 200.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845, p. 15, 
pl. 1, fig. 7.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 164. 

* Symphynota poulsoni FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. 

* Unio inflatus CONRAD, Monog., VII, 1836, p.57, pl. xxx11.! 


Entire Mississippi drainage as far south as Arkansas; St. Lawrence 
drainage; Red River of the North; the variety in the Alabama and 
Tombigbee systems. 


+LAMPSILIS COLORADOENSIS Lea. 


* Unio coloradoensis Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 103; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., ITI, 1858, p. 314, pl. xxx1, fig. 29; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 34, pl. xxXx1, fig. 
29.—* B. H. WriGHT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) coloradoensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41. 


Eastern Texas. 


+ LAMPSILIS ROVIROSAI Pilsbry. 


“ Unio (Lampsilis) rovirosai PILSBRY, Nautilus, XIII, 1900, p. 140. 


Laguna de Atasta, near San Juan Bautista, Mexico. 


+LAMPSILIS PURPURATUS Lamarck. 


*Unio purpurata LAMARCK, An.sans Vert., VI, 1819, p.71.—* STaRK, Nat. Hist., 
II, 1828, p. 90.—* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p.533; 3d ed., IT, 
1839, p. 667. 

* Unio purpuratus LEA, Obs., I, 1834, p. 199.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835,'p. 26.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 208; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 208, pl. x x11, fig. 5.— 
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* ConrRaD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—* KusTEeR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 185, pl. Lrx, 
fig. 1.—* RrEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxiv, fig. 115.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* P4@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.—* PinsBry, Nau- 
tilus, V, 1891, p. 76.—* CALL, Tr. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, VII, No. 1, 1895, p. 38, pl. v. 

* Margarita (Unio) purpuratus LEA, 1836, p. 39; 1838, p. 25. 

* Margaron (Unio) purpuratus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. 

t Unio ater Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p. 426, pl. vit, fig. 9; *Obs., I, 1834, 
p- 40, pl. vir, fig. 9.—*Conrab, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 67.—* CHENU, III. 
Conch., 1858, pl. x, figs. la, 1b. 

Unio atra DESHAYES, Enc. Meth., IT, 1830, p..582. 

* Unio lugubris Say, Am. Conch., V, 1832, pl. xtim; VI, 1834. 

*Unio poulsoni SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1865, pl. 1, fig. 270. _ 

* Unio dolosus LEA,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 307; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., | 


point than the type, and this form is common in the streams that drain into the Gulf 
east of the Mississippi, but it seems to connect with typical alatus in Tennessee. 

2A miserable, worn, young specimen of what I am quite sure is L. purpuratus. Lea 
states that the embryos of this are pouch-shaped, while those of purpuratus are wedge- 
shaped, but the form of embryos in a given species is often not constant. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NALADES—SIMPSON. 569 


ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLI, fig. 228.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check 
List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. 
* Margaron (Unio) dolosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61. 
Eastern Texas, north to Kansas, through southern Missouri, western 
Tennessee, to the Alabama River drainage. 


+LAMPSILIS PERMISCENS Lea|! 
* Unio permiscens LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.. III, 1859, p. 112; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 102, pl. xvi, fig. 251; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 106, pl. xvi1, fig. 
251 —*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 
* Margaron (Unio) permiscens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61. 
Tombigbee River, Columbus, Mississippi. 
+LAMPSILIS GOULDII Lea.? 
* Unio gouldit Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 165; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, 
p. 76, pl. vi, fig. 16; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 50, pl. v1, fig. 16.—* Conran, Pr. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
494.—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 153. 
* Margaron ( Unio) gouldit LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46. 
Tuscaloosa, Alabama. 
(Group of Lampsilis saladoensis.) 


Shell smooth, obovate, inflated, inequilateral, rounded behind, thin, 
slightly thicker in front; beaks somewhat prominent, nearly smooth; 
epidermis yellowish olive, shining, rayed; there is a slight carina high 
up on the posterior slope; pseudocardinals small, lamellar, and oblique; 
laterals lamellar and curved; anterior cicatrices distinct and well 
impressed; posterior cicatrices confluent; dorsal cicatrices under the 
plate, between the pseudocardinals and laterals; nacre bluish white 
and iridescent.’ Animal unknown. 


LAMPSILIS SALADOENSIS Lea. 


* Unio saladoensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., LV, 1860, p. 305; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., LV, 1860, p.370, pl. uxv, fig. 195; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 52, pl. rxv, 
fig. 195.—B. H.Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* FiscHER and CRossk, Miss. Sci., 
Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 586. 

* Margaron (Unio) saladoensis La, Syn., 1870, p. 62. 


Rio Salado, New Leon, Mexico. 5 


1 There is only a single, young, poor specimen in the Lea collection, which may be 
a valid species, but is quite likely a L. purpuratus. 

2Only a single, dead, badly worn shell is in Lea’s collection. It is something like 
a young umbrosus, butif it really came from Tuscaloosa, Alabama, it probably belongs 
to the dlatus group. I can not decide certainly as to its affinities. 

3Mr. Lea states that a single specimen of U. saladoensis was collected by Dr. Ber- 
landier and presented to the Smithsonian Institution by Lieutenant Couch (Obs. 
VIII, p. 53). I have never found this shell, and have not seen the species, and am 
somewhat at a loss as to where to place it, but the figure and description would 
indicate that it 1s a young shell of a form related to purpuratus; its rays, which 
Dr. Lea says are nearest to U. amygdalum, being different from those of any related 
forms. 


570 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL 


(Group of Lampsilis wumbrosus.) 


Shell solid, inflated, short-elliptical, covered with a shining, rather 
smooth brownish epidermis which often has microscopic, radiating 
folds; beak sculpture excessively faint, being the merest hint at a 
double loop; anterior end of the shell suddenly thickened, that of 
the male scarcely differing from the female; hinge teeth well devel- 
oped; pseudocardinals strong; laterals large, straight, and club- 
shaped, naere whitish or purplish. Animal with the inner gills united 
to the abdominal sac; branchie large; marsupium occupying the whole 
outer gills posteriorly, not projecting much below; palpi large, consid- 
erably united behind. 


+LAMPSILIS UMBROSUS Lea. 


* Unio umbrosus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila, VIII, 1856, p. 95; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Pal, JONG Is Os sul pil sorox, iw, Bos Obs., VI, 1857, p. 31, pl. XXX, fig. 26.— 
* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxu1I, fig. 170.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* Patri, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.—* FiscHErR and 
Crosse, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 587, pl. Lx vu, figs. 1, la, 1b. 

* Margaron (Unio) umbrosus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 41. 

t Unio veracruzensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.150; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 320, pl. Lil, fig. 183; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 80, pl. Lu, fig. 
133.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—-* FiscHer and Crosss, Miss. Sci., 
Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 605. 

*Margaron (Unio) veracruzensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p..45.' 


Vera Cruz, Mexico. 


+LAMPSILIS BERLANDIERI Lea.? 


* Unio berlandierii Lea, Pr. Ac. Phila., I, 1857, p. 101; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 
1860, p. 369, pl. LXV, fig. 194; *Obs. VIII, 1860, p. 51, pl. Lxv, fig. 194.— 
“REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxi, fig. 108.—* B. H. Wriagut, Check 
List, 1888.—* P.ZTEL, Conch Sam. ITI, 1890, p. 146.—* Pitssry, Naut. V, 1891, 
p. 76.—* FISCHER ana Crossk, Miss. Sei., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 584. 

* Margaron ( Unio) berlandierti Iba Syn., 1870, p. 36. 


Northeastern Mexico; southwestern Texas. 


+LAMPSILIS TAMPECOENSIS Lea. 


* Unio tampecoensis Lna, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 24, pl. vil, fig. 18; *Obs., II, 
1838, IDs 24) pl. vil, fig-3.—" TRORCIIN, con fiir Naturg., V, 1339, Pt. 2, p. 
235.— > TELNSIOD y, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 188; * Biv. Shells, 1243, p. 188, —*CATLOW 
and REEVE, Conch. Nene 1845, Ey 64.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 


1The type of veracruzensis is in the Sana ean collection: and is undoubtedly a 
very young wmbrosus. 

2This species is extremely close to L. tampecoensis, and at one time I believed the 
two to be mere forms of the same thing. The present species is typically heavier 
and more inflated, as well as lighter colored, and has higher beaks than the latter. 
According to Hon. J. D. Mitchell, of Victoria, Texas, who has carefully studied these 
forms when living, berlandieri is more active, and while spawning it only buries 
itself sufficiently to he steady and give the post-ventral portion an elevation, while 
tampecoensis is sedentary in its habits, and buries itself entirely, excepting the 
extreme posterior point. Letter of Septemb.r 25, 1895. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 571 


1853, p. 258.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xX1, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—* H.and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 495.—*? Kustrr, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1862, 
p. 275, pl. xcuu, fig. 1.—*? SowErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lvut, fig. 
291.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 169.—* FiscHER and Crossk, Miss. Sci. Pt. 7, II, 1894, p.586.! 

* Margarita (Unio) tampecoensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18. 

* Margaron ( Unio) tampecoensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41. 

* Unio heermannit Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XIII, 1861, p.392; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 194, pl. xxvJ, fig. 263; “Obs. IX, 1863, p. 16, pl. xx v1, fig. 
263.—*? SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxiu, fig. 441.—*B. H. 
WriGuHtT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154. 

* Margaron (Unio) heermannii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28.” 


Northeastern Mexico; southeastern Texas; Honduras. 


+LAMPSILIS TECOMATENSIS Lea. 


* Unio tecomatensis Lma, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 30; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1842, p. 234, pl. x x1, fig. 48; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 72, pl. x x1, fig. 48.—ConRaD, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. Xxx1, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* B. H. 
Wricnt, Check List, 1888.—* FISCHER and Crossg, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, 
p. 589, pl. LXV, fig. 6; LXvVI, figs. 4, 4a. 

* Margaron ( Unio) tecomatensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 50. 

Tecomata River, Mexico. 


LAMPSILIS LIVIDUS Simpson.’ 
*Unio testudineus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. x x11, fig. 101. 


“Unio explicatus FISCHER and Crossk, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 594. 


Rio Usumasinto, Portugal, according to Reeve, who no doubt intended 
this for Rio Usumasinta, Mexico, and Guatemala. 


+ LAMPSILIS EXPLICATUS Morelet. 


“Unio explicatus MORELET, Test. Noviss, Pt. 1, 1849, p. 28.4—FISCHER and CROSSE, 
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p.594, pl. Lx1, fig. 1. 
*Margaron ( Unio) semigranosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 34. 


Gentral America. 


1 Fischer and Crosse (see above citation) doubt whether Sowerby’s figures in Conch. 
Icon. and Kuster’s in Conch. Cab. are tampecoensis. ‘Though not very accurate figures, 
I can not refer them equally well to any other species. 

*Lea has two specimens of heermannii in his collection; the type, which is a young, 
slightly injured shell, and a very young one. Iam certain it is only tampecoensis. 

°Reeve described and figured this form in the Conchologia, supposing it to be the 
testudineus of Morelet, which is a very different thing. Fischer and Crosse in Mission 
Scientifique, believing it to be equal to Morelet’s erplicatus, placed it in the syn- 
onymy of that species. I have never seen an absolutely authentic specimen of expli- 
catus, but if Fischer and Crosse have accurately figured and described it, I am sure 
it is different from Reeve’s species, the latter being evidently more inflated, smoother, 
differently shaped, and having a great deal higher beaks. This being the case, it 
becomes necessary to give Reeve’s shell anew name. Fischer and Crosse credit the 
species to Sowerby, but the Plate xx11, in the Conchologia, is credited to Reeve. 

4A single valve of what is probably this species was received by the United 
States National Museum from Dr. H. von Ihering, under the name of Unio explicatus 
Morelet. 


Di2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


LAMPSILIS ALIENIGENUS Crosse and Fischer. 


* Unio alienigenus CRosspand FiscHER, Jl. de Conch., X LI, 1893, p. 294. —* FIscHER 
and Crosse, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 590, pl. 1XvV, figs. 5, 5a; LXVI, fig. 3. 


Goatzalcoaleos, Vera Cruz, Mexico.' 


(Group of Lampsilis aztecorwm.) 


Shell elliptical, oblong, rounded in front and behind, the posterior 
part being slightly compressed, the whole rather thin; umbonal region 
inflated; beak sculpture unknown; epidermis brown and rather smooth; 
pseudocardinals small, laterals curved; nacre purple and shining; 
female shell (the specimen figured) somewhat swollen in post basal 
region, so that the basal line is slightly incurved. 

Animal unknown. 


LAMPSILIS AZTECORUM Philippi. 


*Unio aztecorum PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mal., [V, 1847, p. 95; “Abbild., III, 1849, p. 
109, pl. v1, fig. 2.—* KustER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, pp. 2, 84, pl. xcv, fig. 
6.—* B. H. Wrigut, Check List, 1888.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 
145.—* FISCHER and CrossB, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 607. 

*Margaron (Unio) aztecorum Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 44. 


(Group of Lampsilis metallicus.) 


Shell rather small, obovate-rhomboid, inflated, much narrowed and 
rounded in front, the form approaching that of a Modiolus; epider- 
mis a rich coppery bronze, shining; beak sculpture consisting of two 
faint, rounded loops, the bars of which are inclined to be nodulous; 
pseudocardinals compressed, not well developed, and sometimes more 
or less broken into denticles; laterals distinct; pits in the beak cavity 
humerous and very irregular; nacre dark, coppery to purple, with 
metallic tints, iridescent behind. Animal unknown. 


+ LAMPSILIS METALLICUS Say. 


Unio metallicus Say, N. Harin., Disseminator (newspaper form), January 15, 1831; 
*Am. Conch., VI, 18384.—* CONRAD, New F’. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* FERUSSAC, 
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* L. Say, New Terr. and Fluv. Shells, 1840, p. 6.— 
* ConraAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 159. 

t* Unio cuprinus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 94, pl. xu, fig. 24;? *Obs., I, 

1834, pl. x11, fig 24.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 208; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 

208, pl. xxu1, fig. 7.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.58.—*CHENU, 

Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x1, figs. 3, 3a, 3).—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., 


1T am considerably in doubt as to the relationship of the last two species. Fischer 
and Crosse are sure that alienigenus is close to wnbrosus, and their figure and descrip- 
tion seem to show that erplicatus is near to alienigenus. 

2The Transactions of the Philosophical Society, IV, in which Mr. Lea published 
his Unio cuprinus, which is identical with Mr. Say’s species, was issued, according to 
Scudder, in the latter end of 1831. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NALADES—SIMPSON. 573 


II, 1857, p. 492.—* SowErBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXv1, fig. 336.— 

*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. —* Part, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.— 

* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, IT, 1894, p. 615. 

* Margarita (Unio) cuprinus LEA, Syn., 1856, p. 39; 1838, p. 25. 

*Margaron (Unio) cuprinus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. 

*Unio aereus REEVE, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1856, pl. xxx, fig. 160.'\—* PastEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 144. 


Mexico. 
(Group of Lampsilis gracilis.) 


Shell large, thin, elliptical or slightiy obovate, with a high posterior 
and an anterior wing, not greatly inflated; beaks low; epidermis rather 
smooth, often feebly rayed, dull colored, but usually glossy; hinge line 
slightly and rather regularly curved; teeth compressed, pseadocardinals 
but feebly and often imperfectly developed; nacre purplish tinted, 
rather dull. Shell of the male and female nearly alike, the latter 
-searcely swollen at post basal region. Animal with the mantle greatly 
thickened at posterior end, and double and thickened at post base, 
where it is often crenulate or toothed on its inner border, and has the 
outer developed into a flap; inner gill united to the abdominal sac 
throughout; marsupium enormous, composed of a great number of 
delicate semiradiating ovisacs, projecting far below the inner gills in a 
semicircle. 


tLAMPSILIS GRACILIS Barnes. 


*Unio gracilis BARNES, Am. JI. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 274.—* HitpreETH, Am. JI. Sci., 
XIV, 1828, p. 288.—* DEsHAYES, An. sans Vert, 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 559; 3d 
ed., II, 1839, p. 676; Tr. Element. Conch, 1839, p. 18, pl. xxx, figs. 2, 3.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842., p. 174.—*C. B. Apams, Thompson’s Hist. Ver- 
mont, 1842, p. 166; * F. W. and L. Shells of Vermont, 1842, p. 16.—* HaNnLEy, 
Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 174, pl. xx, fig. 37.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 
1845, p. 59.—* DESHAYES, Tr. Elem., II, 1853, p. 217, pl. xxx, figs. 2, 3.—* H. 
and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* SowErBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1866, pl. xxxIx, fig. 215.—* CaLkins, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 42.— 
* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. Nat. Club., 1882, p. 52.—*B. H. WriGuHrt, 
Check List, 1888. 

* Mya gracilis EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 222. 

* Symphynota gracilis Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p. 452.—SHorr and 
EaTON, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 80.—* LEa, Obs., I, 1854, p. 66. 

*Margarita (Unio) gracilis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 11; 1858, p. 15. 

* Metaptera gracilis STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14. 

* Margaron ( Unio) gracilis LEA, Syn. 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28. 

* ? Anodon gracilis SOwERBY, Genera, No. XVII, 1823, fig. 

* Lampsilis gracilis BakuR, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 99, pl. x1x, fig. 1. 

* Unio fragilis SWAINSON, Zool. Ill., 1st ser., III, pl. cLxx1, 1823.2—* DESHAYES, 
Encye. Meth., II, 1830, p.587.—*Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Conrab, New 
F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69; *Monog., VI, 1836, p. 55, pl. xxx.—* CHENU, Bib. 


1The description of the plate is dated 1856, and in the contents it is credited to 
Reeve, although the previous plates bear date of 1865, and those following 1866. 

2Swainson’s Unio fragilis was published about the same time as Barues’s gracilis, 
and as it is impossible for me to say which has priority, I agree with Lea that it is 
better to adopt Barnes’s well-known name. 


574 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL 


Conan 1st ser., III, 1845, p p- ie —* Ger, oun Cab. int, 1852 2, p. 19, 
pl. 111, ae ike 

* Symphynota fragilis FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. 

* Metaptera fragilis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260. 

* Unio fragilis var. gracilis PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153. 

* Mya plana EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 221. 

* Unio planus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71. 

* Unio (Nida) atrata SWAINSON, Zool. Il., 1841, pl. cLxx1. 

* Unio atratus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 199; * Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 199, pl. x x1, 
fig. 29.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* Para, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145. 


Entire Mississippi River drainage, St. Lawrence system; Red River 
of the North; Hudson River; eastern Texas. : 


+LAMPSILIS LAVISSIMUS Lea. 


* Symphynota levissima, Lua, Tr. Am, Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p.444, pl. x11, fig. 235 
* Obs., I, 1834, p. 58, pl. x11, fig. 23.—SuHorr and Earon, Transylvania Jl., 


1831, p. 80. 
* Unio levissima, DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 558; 3d ed., II, 
1839, p. 675 


* Unio levissimus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70. a HANLEY, Test. Moll., 
1842, p.174; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 174, pl. x x1, fig. 41.—* CaTLow and Tyo, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p.60.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.— 
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLVI, fig. 250.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check 
List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156. 

* Margarita (Unio) levissimus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 11; 1838, p. 13. 

* Margaron (Unio) levissimus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28. 

*Unio ohioensis Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—KusrEer, Conch. Cab., 1866, p. 20, pl. 
LXIX, fig. 5. 

* Symphynota ohioensis FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1838, p. 25. 

* Metaptera ohioiensis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260. 

* Unio discoideus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. L111, fig. 275. 


Mississippi drainage generally; eastern Texas; southern Michigan; 
western New York. 


+LAMPSILIS ALABAMENSIS Conrad. 


* Symphynota inflata Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 99, pl. xiv, fig. 28; 
Obs., I, 1834, p. 109, pl. xiv, fig. 28.—FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. 

* Metaptera inflata CoNRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260. 

* Margarita ( Unio) inflatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 11, 1838, p. 13. 

* Unio inflatus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 174; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 174, pl. xx1, 
fig. 45.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* KusTER, Conch. 
Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 17, pl. u, fig. 1.—* H. and A. ApDams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 498.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLV, fig. 246.—* B. H. 
Wriauat, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 

* Margaron (Unio) inflatus Lea, Syn., 1862, p. 28; 1870, p. 28. 

* Unio alabamensis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 67.! 


Alabama and Tombigbee River areas. 


iow name given Be Conrad for Unio inflatus Thies, itsowerrated by Barnes. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON,. 515 


(Group of Lampsilis amphichenus.) 


Shell rather thin, elongate, elliptical, rounded before, pointed behind, 
compressed, with a smooth, shining, black, rayless epidermis; beaks not 
prominent, their sculpture unknown; there is a conspicuous gap at the 
anterior base, and another very distinctly outlined at the upper part of 
the posterior end like that of Schizotherus; hinge line slightly curved; 
pseudocardinals imperfect; laterals compressed; nacre purplish; female 
shell inflated at posterior base. 

Animal with large, elliptical palpi; mantle slightly thickened at the 
edge; anal opening widely separated from the superanal, the latter large; 
foot large, hatchet-shaped. Several animals were examined, but all 
were so much decayed that most of the characters could not be made out. 


+LAMPSILIS AMPHICHAENUS Frierson. 
*Ucxvio (Lampsilis) amphichenus FRIERSON, Nautilus, XI, 1898, p. 10, pl. 1. 
(Group of Lampsilis leptodon.) 


Shell rather thin, elongate, elliptical, compressed, decidedly pointed 
behind, the point raised above the center of the shell; beaks low, their 
sculpture very feeble; there is a conspicuous post-dorsal wing in young 
shells, and sometimes vestiges of an anterior wing; young shell rather 
dull and faintly rayed; there is a decided anterior basal and posterior 
gap; hinge teeth very imperfect; )»seudocardinals often almost want- 
ing, even in young shells; laterals faint, sometimes wanting in the adult 
Shell; nacre coppery to purplish; female shell not inflated at post base. 

Animal with large, very thin, light brown branchie, free nearly the 
whole length of the abdominal sac; palpi large, thin, nearly semi- 
circular; mantle thin, with a wide crenulate border; marsupium 
projecting slightly below the inner gills. 


tLAMPSILIS LEPTODON Rafinesque.! 


*Unio (Leptodea) leptodon RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p. 
295, pl. LXXX, figs. 5-7. 

*Unio leptodon Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 
70; Monog., VII, 1836, p.58, pl. xxx111.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 
1845, p. 12, pl. 1, figs. 5-7.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 197, pl. Lxiv, 
figs. 1,2.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. xiv, fig. 257.—* PHTEL, 
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 157. 

* Symphynota leptodon FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. 

~ Leptodea leptodon CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262. 

* Anodon purpurascens SWAINSON, Zool. I11., Ist ser., III, pl. cLx, 1823.—* CaTLOW 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. 

* Unio velum Say, New Harm. Disseminator, II, September 23, 1829, p. 293; Jan- 

uary 15, 1831 (newspaper form).—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* L. W. 

Say, Terr. & Fluy. Shells, 1840, p. 5. 


'This is one of the few species which its author has described so distinctly that I 
feel sure there can be no doubt about it. Besides, his figure, such as it is, is some- 
thing like the tenwisstmus of Lea. | 


’ 


576 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL 


* Symphynota tenuissima Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1829, p. 453, pl. x1, fig. 
21; *Obs. 1, 1834, p. 67, pl. x1, fig. 21. 

Symphynota tenuissima SHORT and EaTon, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 80.» 

* Margarita (Unio) tenwissimus Lma, Syn., 1836, p. 38; 1838, p. 25. 

* Unio tenwissimus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 206; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206, 
pl. xx, fig. 42.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—~H. and A. 
ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, 
pl. xiv, fig. 240.—* B. H. WrieutT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) tenuissimus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. 

Upper Mississippi River drainage, south to the Tennessee River; 
Buffalo, New York; southern Michigan; Souris River, Manitoba. 


(Group of Lampsilis scutulatus.) : 


Shell rhombic elliptical, compressed, rather thin, with a high posterior 
and a low anterior wing, with two posterior ridges; the valves often 
exhibiting fine radiating plications on the posterior part; beaks com- 
pressed, sometimes showing the nepionic shell, almost destitute of 
sculpture, which, when present, consists of faint indications of two 
rounded loops; epidermis rather dull, sometimes indistinctly rayed; 
left valve with two pseudocardinals, the anterior a sharp, straight 
ridge sloping obliquely downward and forward from a point just in 
front of the beaks, the hinder curiously compressed and showing a 
tendency to break into denticles; right valve with two sharp, ridge-like, 
sloping pseudocardinals; laterals slender, compressed, straight or 
wavy; nacre bluish white to pale violet; dorsal scars few; female shell 
apparently slightly swollen at the posterior base; animal unknown. 


t 


LAMPSILIS SCUTULATUS Morelet. 
* Unio scutulatus MORELBT, Test. Noviss., I, 1849, p. 80.—* FIscHER and CROSSE, 
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 561, pl. rx, fig.5; Lxvil, fig. 6. 
Yucatan. 
LAMPSILIS PALUDOSUS Morelet. 
* Unio paludosus MORELET, Test. Noviss., I, 1849, p. 30 —* FISCHER and CROSSE, 
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1849, p. 559, pl. Lx, fig. 3. 
Yucatan. 
LAMPSILIS PLANIVALVIS Morelet. 
* Unio planivalvis MORELET, Test Noviss., II, 1851, p. 24.—* 'IscHER and CROSSE, 
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, Ii, 1894, p. 560, pl. 1x, fig. 2.! 
Usumasinta River, Guatemala. 


+LAMPSILIS DELPHINULUS Morelet. 


* Unio delphinulus MORELET, Test. Noviss., I, 1849, p. 31.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 
1856, p. 381, pl. xxiu, fig. 60.—* SowErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxiII, 
fig, 237.—* B. H. Wriant, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 150.—* Fischer and Crosse, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 557, pl. 
LXIII, figs. 2, 2a, 2b. 
* Margaron (Unio) delphinulus LEA, Syn. 1870, p. 28. 
Guatemala. 


1These three may be mere variations of one thing. 


sada 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 577 


LAMPSILIS LARGILLIERTI Philippi. 
* Unio largillierti PH1Lippi, Zeits. fiir Mal., IV, 1847, p. 94.! 


Yueatan. 
The following are unfigured and unknown to me:. 
* Lampsilis fasciola RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 299. 


* Lampsilis fulgens RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 7. 
* Lampsilis argyratus RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 7. 


Genus PSEUDOSPATHA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Spatha tanganyicensis Smith. )? 
Burtonia BouRGINGUAT, Moll. Fluv. Nyanza, 1883, p. 20.9 


Shell compressed, thin, oblique, inequilateral, with a straight dorsal 
line which ends in a small wing in front and behind, rounded and cut 
away at the anterior base, produced in the post-basal region, gaping in 
front and behind, slightly twisted on its axis and usually bent poste- 
riorly to the right or left; a low, often double posterior ridge ends in 
a biangulate point behind; beaks compressed, the sculpture faint, irregu- 
lar, concentric ridges which continue over the shell, and at the beaks 
sometimes become rather sharply pustulous, the glochidium often 
remaining; epidermis yellowish brown, sometimes delicately rayed; 
teeth rudimentary, one or more faint compressed pseudocardinals and a 
single lateral in each valve; muscle scars irregular; nacre coppery or 
purple, often rayed. Animal unknown. 


*PSEUDOSPATHA TANGANYICENSIS Smith. 


* Spatha tanganyicensis SMitTH, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 350, pl. xxx1, fig. 8. 

* Burtonia tanganyicinsis PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.—von MarTENs, 
Beschalte, 1897, p. 257. 

* Burtonia moinelt BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p.33; Icon. Mal. Tan., 
1888, pl. xxv, fig. 1. 

* Burtonia lavigerina BouRGuUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886. p. 36; Icon., Mal. Tan., 
1888, pl. XXIV, figs. 1-4. 

~ Burtonia magnifica BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p.41; Icon. Mal. Tan., 
18x8, pl. XXVI, figs. 1-2. 


Lakes Tanganyika and Nyanza, Africa. 
PSEUDOSPATHA LEOPOLDVILLENSIS Putzeys. 


Burtonia leopoldvillensis PUTZEYS, Proc. Verb. Soc. Mal. Belg., 1898, pl. xxXvIIt., 
fig. 16. 


Leopoldville, Congo. 


1 Unfignred and unknown to me. From the description I should think likely it 
belonged here, but it may not. 

?The shells of this group bear a striking likeness to that of Unio tenuissimus Lea, 
in form, texture, color, teeth, and in gaping in front and behind, and I am inclined 
to believe that they are related to it, and the Unio myersianus of Southeastern Asia, 
to Unio alatus, and U. delphinulus of Central America. 

3Naime preoccupied in birds, 1850. 

Proce, N. M. vol. xxii ——37 


578 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX11. 


+ PSEUDOSPATHA LIVINGSTONENSIS Bourguignat. 


* Spatha tanganyicensis SMITH (part), Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, pl. xxx1, fig. 8a; 
1881, p. 296, pl. XxxIV, fig. 32. 

* Burtonia livingstonensis BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Fluv. Nyanz., 1883, p. 20. 

* Burtonia elongata BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 34; Icon. Mal. Tan., 
1888, pl. XxV, fig. 3. 

* Burtonia contorta BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 39; Icon. Mal. Tan., 
1888, pl. Xxv1, figs. 3-5. 


Lake Tanganyika. 


PSEUDOSPATHA SUBTRIANGULARIS Bourguignat. 


* Burtonia subtriangularis BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 35; Icon. Mal. 
Tan., 1888, pl. xxv, fig. 2. 

* Burtonia grandidieriana BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 42; Icon. Mal. 
Tan., 1888, pl. Xx vil, figs. 1-3. 


Lake Tanganyika. 
PSEUDOSPATHA BOURGUIGNATI Bourguignat.! 


* Burtonia bourguignati BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 38; Icon. Mal. 
Tan., 1888, pl. xx vil, figs. 4-5. 
Lake Tanganyika. 
The following species are unfigured and unknown to me. 


* Burtonia jouberti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 40. 
* Burtonia bridouxi, BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 40. 


All from Lake Tanganyika. 


Genus HYRIOPSIS Conrad, 1853. 
(Type, Unio delphinus Gruner.”) 
Hyriopsis CONRAD. Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1853, p. 269. 


Shell large, compressed, rhomboid-eiliptical, dorsally winged and gen- 
erally biangulate behind, sometimes produced in the post-basal region; 
beaks low, mostly compressed, the sculpture consisting of numerous 
concentric ridges nearly parallel with the growth lines, generally 
extending well on to the disk of the shell, the earlier ones fine, often 
slightly nodulous or doubly looped; epidermis olive to brown, some- 
times faintly rayed; pseudocardinals two or three in the left valve, one 
to three in the right, when young compressed, but often breaking into 
irregular denticles when old; laterals long, compressed, two in the left 
valve and one in the right, sometimes vertically striate, the left valve 
often having a sort of raised lamellar tooth at or just behind the-beak. 


' Said to be of Jonbertin the literature. 

2The general make-up of the shells of this genus, Cyclomya, and Cristaria seems to 
indicate close relationship to each other, and a not distant one to the subgenus 
Proptera of Lampsilis, and | should not be surprised to learn that the marsupium 
occupies the posterior part of the outer gills in distinctly marked ovisacs, 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 579 


Beak cavities shallow; dorsal scars numerous, extending from the cav- 

ity downward and forward. Anterior muscle scars three, distinct, pos- 

terior large, indistinct; front end of the sheli usually thickened; a row 

of plications often occurring just below the laterals, as in Cristaria. 
Animal unknown. 


(Group of Hyriopsis bialatus.) 


Shell somewhat trapezoidal, with a posterior ridge, biangulate behind, 
with a very high, pointed, triangular, posterior wing, and a smaller, 
pointed one in front, which projects forward; beaks low, sculpture not 
seen; epidermis brown; pseudocardinals broken up into denticles; 
hinge line slightly curved; the three anterior muscle scars separate and 
deep; dorsal scars not extending greatly downward in front; nacre 
bluish white. 


tHYRIOPSIS BIALATUS Simpson|! 


*Unio delphinus GRUNER Arch. fiir Naturg, I, 1841, p. 276, pl. 1x, figs. 1, la-c.— 
* DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. x1x, fig. 3, 3a, 3b.—* Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. 
Soc., VIII, 1843, p. 218, pl. xvi, fig. 35; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 56, pl. xvu, 
fig. 35.2—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 18, pl. 11, figs. 2-4.—* HanLey, 
Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 381, pl. xx, fig. 44.—~ H. and A. ApaMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., IJ, 
1857, p. 498.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 143, fig. 707.—SowrErBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1866, pl. xii, fig. 238.—* MORELET, Series Conch., IV, 1875, p. 345.— 
“PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 

*“Margaron (Unio) delphinus Lea, Syn. 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28. 

“Unio megapterus MORELET, J. de Conch., XII, 1863, p. 159.—* PaTeL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 


Southeastern Asia, including Cambodia, Siam, and the Malay Penin- 
sula. 

(Group of Hyriopsis cumingii.) 

Shell rather thin, with a high wing posteriorly, and a smaller one in 
front; beaks greatly compressed, their sculpture at first consisting of 
fine and later of coarse coucentric ridges, extending well on to the 
disk; corrugations on the posterior slope distinct. 


HYRIOPSIS CUMINGII Lea. 


“Unio cumingiti La, Pr. Ac., N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1852, p. 54.—*Lxa, Jl. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 240, pl. xxxv, fig. 120; * Obs., VII, 1860, p.58, pl. 
XXXvV, fig. 120.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.— 
*“SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xiix, fig. 264.—* HEupDr, Conch. 
Pluv. Nank., VIII, pl. rxiv. 

*“Margaron (Unio) cumingii LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28. - 

China. 


by Spengler, and the term megapterus of Morelet was applied by Rafinesque to a 
Metaptera (Unio) and used by Chenu under the generic name Unio before 1863. It 
will therefore have to have a new name. 

*Lea described this species under the above name, not knowing that it had been 
already applied to the same species by Gruner. 


5st) PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


tHYRIOPSIS DELAPORTEI Crosse and Fischer. 
“Unio (Arconaia) delaportei CROSSE and FISCHER, J. de Conch., XXVI, 1876, p. 
327, pl. xX, fig. 1; X1, fig. 5.! 
Cambodia; Siam. 
(Group of Hyriopsis myersianus.) 


Shell rather solid, thickened in front; posterior ridge rather low; 
beaks compressed, the sculpture consisting, apparently, of a few rather 
faint, irregular ridges, sometimes slightly nodulous. 


tHYRIOPSIS MYERSIANUS Lea. 


*Unio myersianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 92; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., III, 1857, p. 290, pl. x x11, fig. 2; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 10, pl. xxu1, fig. 2.— 
“SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. L, fig. 265.—* MoRELET, Ser. Conch., 
IV, 1875, p. 344.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160. 

*Margaron (Unio) myersianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28. 


* + Unio housei Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.92; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., ) 


III, 1858, p. 291, pl. xxi, fig. 3; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 11, pl. xxl, fig. 3.— 

“VON Martens, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 14.—*SowxErBy, Conch. 

Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLvilt, fig. 260.— * PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 
*Margaron ( Unio) housei LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28. 


Siam; Cambodia. 
HYRIOPSIS SUTRANGENSIS L. Morlet. 
*Unio sutrangensis L. MORLET, Jl. de Conch., XX XVII, 1889, p. 195, pl. 1x, fig. 3. 
Sutrang River, Siam. 
HYRIOPSIS PINCHONIANUS Heude. 


*Unio pinchonianus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank, VIII, 1883, pl. Lx, fig. 12.— 
P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 
China. 
(Group of Hyriopsis vagulus.) 


Shell elliptical, with a rather high, posterior wing, moderately solid, 
with two slight posterior ridges and a sulcus above them at the junc- 
ture of the wing. 


HYRIOPSIS VAGULUS Fischer.? 


*Unio subtrigonus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lv iit, fig. 292.—* PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169 
*“Margaron (Unio) subtrigonus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28. 


'The ventral line of this shell is crooked, having a couple of curves in it, but it is 
not twisted. Its authors believed Arconaia to be only a section of Unio, and that 
the animal was essentially like that of that genus. 

2>Sowerby published this species as Unio subtrigonus in the Conchologia, the name 
being preoccupied by Deshayes. In the errata he changed it to Unio (Monocondy- 
lea) cambojensis, believing it to be the same as Petit’s Psewdodon cambojensis. It 
certainly is not that shell, and I agree with Fischer that it is near to the Unio myer- 
sianus, and accept his name for it, 


=a 


ROK 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 5Sli 


*Unio (Monocondylaa) cambojensis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, errata. 
*Pseudodon cambojensis MORELET, Ser. Conch., LV, 1875, p. 336. 

*Unio lamellatus HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p.5, pl. 1X, fig. 6. 
*Unio vagulus FISCHER, Bull. Soc. Autun., IV, 1891, p. 223. 


Siam. 
(Group of Hyriopsis velthuzent.) 


Shell somewhat inflated, rather thin, rounded behind, winged; epi- 
dermis dark brown with numerous green rays; nacre iridescent, bluish 
white; anterior scars irregular, rather small; posterior scars rounded ; 
pseudoeardinals elongated, one in each valve, in the right valve there 
is a secondary :udimental one; laterals elongate, arcuate, one ia the 
right valve and two in the left. 


tHYRIOPSIS VELTHUZENI Schepman. 


* Unio velthuzent SCHEPMAN, Notes from Leyden Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 160, pl. 1v, 
figs. 1, la—! DroUET, J1. de Conch., XLV, 1897, p. 124. 


Mandai River, Borneo. 
(Group of Hyriopsis schlegeli.) 


Shell rather thin, slightly winged behind, narrowly rounded betore 
and angled at umbonial slope; posterior ridge high and rounded, beaks 
rather low; epidermis rough, blackish; hinge line curved in front, 
straight behind; pseudocardinals generally entire; plications below the 
laterals faint; nacre dull, lurid purplish or lead color. 


tHYRIOPSIS SCHLEGELI von Martens. 


* Unio schlegeli VON MARTENS, Mal. Blatt., VII, 1861, p. 55.—* KoBrext, Abh. 
Senck, Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 421, pl. xtv.—* voN MARTENS, Noy. Conch., V, 
1879, p. 192, pl. cLvutt, figs. 4, 5.—* von InerRING, Abh. Senck, Nat. Ges., 
XVIII, 1893, p. 156. ; 

* Barbala schlegeli PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. 


Japan. 
Subgenus CAUDICULATUS Simpson, 1900. 


(Type, Unio caudiculatus von Martens.) 


Shell oval, inflated, slightly posteriorly winged, with a well-developed 
posterior ridge, and above it a deep, wide furrow ending in a broad, 
well-defined notch on the posterior slope; one pseudocardinal in the 
right valve and two in the left; two laterals in the left valve and one 
in the right. Animal unknown.’ 


HYRIOPSIS CAUDICULATUS Von Martens. 


“Unio caudiculatus VON MARTENS, Mal. Bl., XIV, 1866, p. 16.—* ScuEpmMaNn, Notes 
Leyd. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 140.—* Drougrt, J.de Conch., XLV, 1897, p. 126. 
“Unio infrarostratus SCHEPMAN, Notes Leyd. Mus., XVII, 1895, p. 161, pl. rv, fig. 2. 


Borneo. 


‘According to the photographic figure this shell very closely resembles Unio ala- 
tus Say. 
?J am in doubt as to the relationship of this species. 


582 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XT. 


Genus CHAMBERLAINIA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio hainesianus Lea. ) 


Shell large, very solid in front, thinner behind, round or round obo- 
vate, without posterior ridge, alate on the post dorsal part when young ; 
beaks full, sculpture not seen; surface without sculpture excepting a 
few slightly pustulous corrugations on the posterior siope; epidermis 
dull, not rayed; hinge curved; pseudocardinals rather small, stumpy, 
two in the left valve and one in the right; laterals short, remote, the 
intervening hinge plate rounded, one lateral in the right valve and two 
in the left, the upper the smaller, and all curved upward along their 
inner edges; beak cavities not deep; dorsal muscle scars numerous, 
deep, extending from the cavity downward and forward; area outside 
the palleal line very wide; nacre lurid bronzy. Animal unknown. 


+t CHAMBERLAINIA HAINESIANA Lea. 


*Unio hainesianus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 92; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phil., Ill, 1857, p. 289, pl. xx1, fig.1; “Obs. VI, 1857, p. 9, pl. xxi, fig. 1-— 
“von MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, Pt.1, p.15.—* SowERBY, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLvii, fig. 254.2—* MoRELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 
312.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154. 

*Margaron (Univ) hainesianus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 28. 

* Unio imperialis MORELET, Rey. et Mag. Zool., XIV, 1862, p. 480. 


Siam. 
CHAMBERLAINIA PAVIEI Morelet. 
* Unio paviei MORELFT, J. de Conch., XX XIX, 1891, p. 241, pl. vn, fig. 3.3 
Siam. 


+t CHAMBERLAINIA DUCLERCI Rochebrune.! 


“Unio duclerci ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VII, 1882, p. 27, pl. 1, fig. 2 (in 
extract). 


to its author attuins a size of 142 mm. in height, 192 mm. in length, and 77 mm. in 
diameter. I have seen a very fine specimen in the Frederick Stearns collection 6 
inches high and 8 in length. It is one of the most magnificent Naiades in the world. 

“Credited by Sowerby to the Little Arkansas River. 

° Very close to C. housei, but more rounded, and having a higher wing. I do not 
think this can be the same as Morelet’s Unio pairanus, described in Latin in the 
Journal in 1865, p. 227, and unidentifiable. 

4It is quite probable that this should form the type of a separate group, but the 
only specimens I have seen, two badly eroded valves, hardly justify me in separat- 
ing it. 


..- : 


NO, 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON, 583 


Genus CRISTARIA Schumacher, 1817. 
(Type, Dipsas plicatus Leach. ) 
Barbala HUMPHREYS, Mus. Col., 1797. 
Dipsas LEACH, Zool. Miscellany I, 1814, p. 119. 
Cristaria SCHUMACHER, Essai Nouy. Syst., 1817, p. 107. 
Appius (LEACH), Menke. Syn., 2d ed., 1828,? p. 106. 
Symphynota LEA (part), Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1830, p. 445.—Swarnson, Mal., 1840, 
p. 288. 
Dianisotis RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p.7. 
Dipsax V oct, Cuvier, Thierreich, III, 1834, p. 493. 
Barbata, SOwERBY, Conch. Man., 1842, p. 81. 
Clione GISTEL, Nat. Sur. Hoh. Schule Bearb., 1848. 


Shell generally thin, elliptical, more or less winged posteriorly; beaks 
rather low, sculptured with fine, somewhat doubly-looped ridges at 
first, and later with coarse, low, concentric bars, which are nearly par- 
allel with the growth lines; epidermis smooth, often somewhat rayed; 
hinge teeth imperfect; pseudocardinals feeble or wanting—when pres- 
ent consisting of a single compressed tooth in each valve; laterals 
single, remote, compressed, sometimes wanting in adult shells.' 


Subgenus CRISTARIA, Schumacher, 1817. 
(Type, Dipsas plicatus Leach.) 


Shell large, thicker in front, strongly alate posteriorly, with two or 
more slightly developed radial ridges on the posterior slope and a row 
of plications above them; hinge line regularly curved; dorsal scars 
forming a row running obliquely downward and forward: anterior 
sears often blurred, posterior faint. 


tCRISTARIA PLICATA Leach. 


* Dipsas plicatus LEACH, Zool. Miscellany, I, 1815, p. 120, pl. Lim.2—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 142.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch, Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 15, pl. 
VI, fig. 1.—* MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 332.—* HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. 
Nank., 1879, pls. XXXII, XXXIV, LI, fig. 94. 

Mytilus plicatus SOLANDER, in Gray, Ann. of Phil., IX, 1825, p. 27. 

Appius plicatus GRAY, in Menke, Syn. Meth. Moll., 1850, p. 106. 

* Margarita (Dipsas) plicatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 47; 1838, p. 28. 

* Margaron ( Dipsas) plicatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 46; 1870, p. 74. 

* Unio plicatus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1868, pl. Liv., fig. 280. 

* Dipsas plicata TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., XITI, 1874, p. 272.—* KoBE Lt, Abh. 
Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 429, pls. xv-XvII, xvill, fig. 1. 

* Barbala plicata H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 501, pl. cxvu, 
figs. 4, 4a. 

* Anodonta plicata SCHRENCK, Reis. und F. Am. Lande, II, 1867, p. 704, pl. 
XXVu, fig. 4. 


1The animal has been described in Japanese, but the paper containing the descrip- 
tion is inaccessible to me. 

2This seems to be the first authentic description of this species. It has heen 
claimed that the Mytilus dubius of Gmelin is this, but he refers to figures 733, pl. 82, 
in the eighth volume of Chemnitz, which, I am quite certain, is not the species in 
question. 


584 PROCEEDINGS OF TH H NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


* Anodonta (Dipsas) plicata CLEssIN, Couch. Cab. Anodonta, 1876, p. 240, pl. x x1, 
figs. 1, 2. 

* Cristaria plicata VON IneRING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., X VIII, 1893, p. 147. 

* Oristaria tuberculata SCHUMACHER, Ess. Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 140, pl. xx, fig. 2. 

* Anodonta dipsas BLAINVILLE, Man. Mal., 1825, p. 538, pl. LXv1, fig. 2. 

* Symphynota bialata Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1830, p. 445, pl. xiv, fig. 24; * Obs., 
I, 1831, p.59, pl. xrv, fig. 24. 

* Unio bialata HANLEY, Test. Moll. 1842, p. 219; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 214, pl. 
XXII, fig. 4. 

* Barbala bialata CHENU, Man. 1859, p. 145, fig. 717.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 175. 

_* Unio bialatus DESHAYES, Tr. Elem. Conch., 1839, p. 19, pl. xxx1, fig. 3.—* CaT- 

LOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* DesHayEs, Tr. Elem., II, 1853, 
p. 218, pl. Xxx1, fig. 3.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. XLv1, fig. 247. 

* Anodonta magnifica CLESsIN, Conch. Cab. Anodonta, 1873, p. 123, pl. Xxxv, 
fig. 1. 

* Dipsas occidentalis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., IX, 1885, pl. XLvt. 

* Barbala occidentalis P&1VEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. 

* Barbala plicatula P# TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. 


China; Japan; Amurland, south probably to Cambodia. The form 
from Cambodia, which is referred to C. plicata, is believed by Fischer 
to be different, and it may be C. bellua. 


+ CRISTARIA BELLUA Morelet. 


* Anodonta bellua MORELET, Rev. et Mag. Zool., XVIII, 1866, p. 167; Ser. Conch., 
DV, 1875, p. 331. 


Cambodia. 
+ CRISTARIA HERCULEA Middendorff. 


Anodonta herculea MiIDDENDORFY, Bull. Phys. Math. Ac. St. Pet., VI, 1848, p. 303; 
Sib: Reise, II, 1851, p. 278, pl. xxi, fig. 5; xxi, figs. 1, 2; xxv, figs. 1, 2.'— 
*DesuayeEs, Bull. Nouv. Arch. Mus., IX, 1873, p. 1, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* WESTER- 
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 294. 

*Anodonta (Dipsas) herculea CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 175, pl. LIx, figs. 
iL, G): 2 

*Cristaria herculea VON IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., X VIII, 1893, p. 146. 

*Barbala herculea Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. 

*Dipsas plicata var. clessini KOBELT, part. Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 429, 


2 


pl. xv.? 
East Siberia; Amurland; North China.? 
+CRISTARIA SPATIOSA Clessin. 


“Anodon herculeus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. 111, fig. 7. 


“Anodonta (Dipsas) spatiosa CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Anodonta, 1875, p. 173, pl. Lv, 
fig. 2. 


'Plate xxvi, fig. 2, an interior view, is probably Anodonta beringiana Middendorft. 

2Craspedodonta smaragdina ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 16, No. 592; Clessin, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 93, pl. xx VII, fig. 2, a badly figured little shell, said to come 
from North America, may be a young C. herculea. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 585 


*Cristaria spatiosa VON IHERING, Abh. Senek. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 145. 
*Barbala spatiosa PTEL, Conch. Sam., III], 1890, p. 175. 

*Dipsas plicata var. japonica Kosert, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 429, pl. 
xeTVALilis 


Japan. 
Subgenus PLETHOLOPHUS Simpson, 1900. 


(Type, Symphynota discoidea Lea. ) 


Shell short-elliptical, lenticular, scarcely thickened in front, with 
compressed beaks which are sculptured with low, wide, concentrie 
ridges, scarcely winged in front or behind, pointed posteriorly; epider- 
mis smooth, somewhat rayed; hinge teeth very feeble, often nearly 
wanting; dorsal scars few; muscle scars faint. Animal unknown. 


+ CRISTARIA DISCOIDEA Lea. 


*Symphynota discoidea LuA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 75, pl. x1, fig. 33; * Obs. 
I, 1834, p. 187, pl. x1, fig. 33. 

*“Barbala discoidea H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p.501.—* CHEnu, 
Man., 1859, II, p. 145, fig. 716.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., 1890, p. 175. 

*Dipsas discoidea KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 306, pl. c, fig. 1. 

*Margarita (Unio) discoideus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.47; 1838, p. 28. 

*Unio discoideus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 214; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 214, pl. 
XXI, fig. 57.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58. 

*Margaron ( Unio) discoideus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 46; 1870, p. 74. 

*Unio tenuis GRAY, Griffith’s Cuv., XII, 1834, p. 601 (index), pl. xxrv, fig. 2.! 

* Anodonta chinensis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 51, pl. XII, fig. 3. 

*Unio magnificus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. LVI, fig. 289. 

* Anodonta gruneriana CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 172, pl. Lv1, figs. 3, 4. 


China. 
CRISTARIA PARVULA Heude.? 
*Dipsas parvulus HEUDE (part), Conch. Fluy. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxxu1, fig. 65. 
*“Barbala parvula P#TEL, Couch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. 
China. 
CRISTARIA REINIANA von Martens. 
“Cristaria reiniana VON MARTENS, Jahrb. Mal. Ges., II, 1875, p. 136, pl. m1, fig. 4. 
*? Dipsas reiniana Koper, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 432, pl. xu, fig. 4; 
XXI, fig. 2. 


* Anodonta reiniana VON IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 147.° 
*Barbata reiniana P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. - 


Japan. 


‘A brief description is given in the index only. Gray’s and Lea’s names seem to 
have been published the same year, and I do not know which appeared first. I use 
Lea’s because it is the one generally known. 

“Iam doubtful whether this is more than a variety of C. discoidea. Heude’s figure 
on plate Lu is a very different thing, which I have called C. radiata. 

3 Martens says it has distinct cardinals and laterals. 


586 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


CRISTARIA GENTILIANA Heude. 


“Oristaria gentilianus HEupE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Lut, fig. 98. 
*Barbala gentiliana P@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. 
China. 
+CRISTARIA SWINHOEI H. Adams. 


~ Unio swinhoei H. ADAMS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 319.'\—SowERBy, Conch. 
Icon , XVI, 1868, pl. XLtI, fig. 232.—P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169. 

* Anodonta swinhoet H. ADAMS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 446.—* CLESSIN, 
Conch. Cab. Anodonta, 1876, p. 125, pl. Lxxv, fig. 6.—* P#TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 185. 

* Anodon swinhoet SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xxvu, fig. 108. 

* Margaron (Unio) swinhoei LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 


Formosa; Tonkin; Cambodia. 
Subgenus CRASSITESTA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Cristaria radiata Simpson. ) 


Shell rather solid, elliptic-rhomboid, with a rounded posterior ridge, 
scarcely winged; beaks full, sculpture not seen; epidermis bright, 
strongly rayed, with two conspicuous light and three dark rays on the 
posterior slope; hinge line curved; pseudocardinals and laterals 
reduced to the merest vestiges; dorsal scars only one or two in the 
cavity of the beaks; adductor scars faint; nacre lurid. 


+CRISTARIA RADIATA Simpson.? 
* Dipsas parvulus HEUDE (part), Conch. Fluv. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Lm, fig. 96. 
China. 
Genus LEPIDODESMA Simpson, 1896. 
(Type, Unio langwilati Heude. ) 
Lepidodesma SIMPSON, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1896, p. 311. 


Shell large, thin, inflated, with a high, sharp, posterior ridge and a 
second fainter one above, making the hinder part widely biangulate; 
beaks very high and full, their sculpture, which extends over the whole 
shell, consisting of ridges that follow the growth lines; there are two 
rows of radiating nodules, one on the middle of the disk, and a stronger 
one on the post ridge; ligament very large, wide, covered with con- 
centric scales; hinge line arched; two pseudocardinals in the left valve, 
the anterior elongated, running inwardly across the hinge plate, and 
ending abruptly, with a shorter, fainter one behind it; with two strong 
laterals, the inner the higher, its edge reflexed upward, and suddenly 


better developed than is common among Cristarias, but are still quite faint. 
2>Heude has figured two different species under the name of Dipsas parrulus, on 
plate xxxu. Ihave therefore given the last-described form the name radiata. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 587 


and one lateral, which is reflexed upward; epidermis folded into the 
hinge, and scaly; a single dorsal scar on the inner side of each hinge 
plate; muscle scars united; palleal line distinct; beak cavities large and 
wide; nacre very dull. Animal unknown. 


+LEPIDODISMA LANGUILATI Heude. 


~ Unio languilati HEUDE, J. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 116; *Conch. Fluy. Nank., 
I, 1875, pl. vit.—P2TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 156. 

~ Lepidodesma languilati Simpson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., \ VIII, 1896, p. 311. 

* Cristaria megadesma VON MARTENS, 8. B. Nat. Fr., 1875, p. 3; * Mal. B1., XXII, 
1875, p. 187; * Nov. Conch., IV, 1876, p. 152, pl. cxxxv, fig. 1. 

* Barbula megadesma P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, -p. 175. 

China. 
LEPIDODESMA ALIGERA Heude. 

* Unio languilatus var. aligerus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xvu, 
fig. 37.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156. 

~ Lepidodesma aligera Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 311. 


China. 
Genus PILSBRYOCONCHA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Anodonta erilis Lea.) 


Shell elongated, elliptical, compressed, thin, with a !ow, posterior 
wing, narrow and rounded in front, nearly straight below, expanded at 
the post-basal region, pointed behind. Beaks compressed, sculptured 
with several coarse, low, irregularly concentric undulations, often 
slightly doubly looped; surface nearly smooth, shining, yellowish to 
ashy brownish, sometimes showing very faint rays; hinge straight or 
slightly curved, reduced to a mere line, often showing a faint, com- 
pressed, smooth tooth in front of the beaks, otherwise edentulous; 
nacre brilliant, silvery and iridescent; muscle scars faint. Animal 
pure milky white; lobes of the mantle united behind into two short 
siphons. ! 


+ PILSBRYOCONCHA LINGUAFORMIS Morelet. 


* Anodonta lingueformis MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 329, pl. xiv, fig. 5.— 
* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181. 
* Margaron ( Unio) lingueformis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. 


Siam; Cambodia. 
+PILSBRYOCONCHA EXILIS Lea. 


* Anodonta exilis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1839, p.81, pl. xx, fig.68; *Obs., 
II, 1838, p. 81, pl. xx11, fig. 68.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, 
p. 239.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 224; *~ Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 224.— 
~H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* MorELET, Ser. Conch., 
IV, 1875, p. 327.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., .1875, p. 171, pl. Lv1, figs. 
6-8.—* PZTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179. 


‘According to Deshayes, Jl. de Conch., 1875, pp. 81-85. He does not give any other 
characters of the soft parts. 


5&8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


* Margarita Bie ta) exilis LEA, Syn., 1888, p. 32. 

* Anodon exilis CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) exilis Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82. 

* Monocondylea exilis PATEL, Conch! Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 

* Anodonta siliqua KuSTER? Conch. Cab. Ano., 1852, p. 57, pl. xiv, r, fig. 5. 

* Anodonta polita Mousson, L. and Suss. Moll. Java, 1849, p. 98, pl. x1x, figs. 2, 3.— 
*“Mousson, Zeits. fiir Mal., VII, 1851, p. 46.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., I], 1857, p.504.—* Pasrer, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 183. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) polita LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 53. 

* Anodon politus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. x11, fig. 36. 

~ + Monocondylaa compressa Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863,p.190; * Jl. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 30, pl. x1, fig: 29; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 34, pl. x1, fig: 
29.—* CLESSIN, Gonent Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 258, pl. LxXxx, figs. 3, 4. 

* Pseudodon compressa CONRAD, Am. J1. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. — 

* Margaron (Monocondylea) compressa Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 73. 

* Spatha compressa Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188. 
* Anodon javana SOWERBY, Conch. Teo XVII, 1867, pl. x1, fig. 33. 

* Anodon gracilis SOWIE Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xrv, fig. 45. 

* Anodon kelletti SowERBY? Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xrx, fig. 71. 

*+ Anodonta sempervivens DrEsHaAyYEs, Nouv. Arch. de Mus., X, 1874, p. 120, pl. v, 
figs. 4, 5.—* Parser, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184. 


Southeastern Asia, Sumatra, Java. 
+PILSBRYOCONCHA CARINIFERA Conrad. 


* Anodonta carinifera CONRAD, Cover of Monography, No. 9, 1837.!:—TROSCHEL, 
Arch. fiir Naturg., 1V, 1838, Pt. 2, p. 288.—B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 


Southeastern Asia, probably. 


PILSBRYOCONCHA LEMSLEYI Morelet. 


* Anodonta lemsleyi MORELET,? Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 328, pl. xiv, fig. 1.—P@TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181. 


Cambodia, Siam. 


PILSBRYOCONCHA SCHOMBURGKI von Martens. 


* Anodonta schomburgki VON MARTENS, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 15.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184. 


Siam. 
Genus MEDIONIDUS Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio conradicus Lea. ) 
Medionidus Stmpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 77. 


Shell elongated, rather inflated, often arcuate when adult, sometimes 
having a Boe: ridge; dorsal slope and occasionally the posterior 


here is a specimen of Pilsbryoconcha in the Philadelphia Academy which agrees 
perfectly with Conrad’s description, and is probably the type. My attention was 
called to this by Mr. Pilsbry, who believes this to be the shell Conrad described. It 
is rather a small species. 

2An old, elongated, rather peculiar shell. Conrad’s species may be the young of 
it, and Morelet believes that Martens’ 4. schomburgki is very close to his shell I 
have not seen a sufficient amount of material of this genus to determine with cer- 
tainty whether all these are valid species. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 589 


portion of the shell plicately or nodulously wrinkled; epidermis smooth 
and bright, variegated with broken green rays and blotches; beak sculp- 
ture consisting of rather fine, subparallel, often broken ridges in two 
loops, the anterior rounded, the posterior somewhat angled, occasion- 
ally broken up into zigzags;' pseudocardinals small, stumpy and some- 
what roughened; laterals rather short, slightly curved and club-shaped, 
remote; dorsal cicatrices few, placed under the hinge just behind the 
_ beaks; anterior cicatrices rather deep; posterior cicatrices rounded, 
large, and well impressed; anterior part of shell somewhat thickened; 
female shell slightly swollen just behind the middle of the base. 

Animal with the inner gills wholly or in part free from the abdominal 
sac; marsupium occupying the central posterior part of the outer gills, 
sometimes extending nearly thei whole length, consisting of few to 
many rather large, irregular ovisacs, which are not so distinctly 
marked out as in Lampsilis, but which have rounded bases; mantle 
much thickened on its lower edge, which is dark colored and sometimes 
papillous. 


(Group of Medionidus conradicus.) 


Shell small, usually with a well-defined posterior ridge; posterior end 
and sometimes the greater part of the shell slightly wrinkled or nodu- 
lous; epidermis rather smooth, painted with rays broken into irregular 
arrow-head markings or blotches; pseudocardinals rather small and 
imperfectly developed; laterals of left valve separated by a narrow, 
shallow furrow; nacre greenish, purplish, or bluish. The male shell is 
often decidedly arcuate; that of the female is swollen at or behind the 
center of the base. Animal having the characters of the genus. 


+MEDIONIDUS CONRADICUS Lea. 


* Unio conradicus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1834, p. 63, pl. 1x, fig. 23; * Obs., I, 
1834, p. 175, pl. 1x, fig. 23.—* FERUSSAC, Guerin. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p.176; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 176, p]. xx11, fig. 22.—* CaTLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.57.—* ConrabD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1853, p. 247.—* H. and-A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—*KuSTER, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 179, pl. Lv1, fig. 5.—* SowErRBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1866, pl. Liv, fig. 278.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

* Margarita ( Unio) conradicus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1838, p. 14. 

* Margaron (Unie) conradicus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21. 

* Unio conradius CONRAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 87, pl. XLVI, fig. 3. 

* Margaron ( Unio) conradianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 

* Unio conradianus B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 


Tennessee River drainage; Cahawba River, Alabama, and probably 
the entire Alabama River system. 


'The beaks in all the specimens of Unio subtentus that I have examined were too 
badly eroded to make out the character of the sculpture with certainty. Ina gen- 
eral way they seemed to be much like those of the Conradicus group, only coarser. 


590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+MEDIONIDUS PARVULUS Lea. 


*Unio parvulus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.307; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1866, p. 45, pl. xvi, fig. 43; *Obs., XL, 1867, p. 49, pl. xvi, fig. 43.—* B. H. 
WriGHT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron ( Unio) parvulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 


Coosa River, Alabama; Chattanooga and Swamp creeks, northwest 
Georgia. 


| MEDIONIDUS PENICILLATUS Lea. 


* Unio penicillatus LEa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171; ~Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 203, pl. xx1m, fig. 85; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 21, pl. xxii, 
fig. 85.—* B. H. WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) penicillatus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 


Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, Georgia. 


+MEDIONIDUS KINGI B. H. Wright. 
Unio kingi B. H. Wricut, Nautilus, XII, 1900, p. 138. 
Branch of Flint River, Baker County, Georgia. 


+MEDIONIDUS ACUTISSIMUS Lea. 


*Unio acutissimus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p.89, pl. x, fig. 18; *Obs., I, 
1834, p. 99, pl. X, fig. 18.—* Conrab, New F.W. Shells, 1834, p.67.—* FERUSSAC, 
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* CONRAD, Monoy., X, 1838, p. 86, pl. XLVI, fig. 2.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.177; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 177, pl. xxu, fig. 35.— 
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 55.—* Conran, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 244.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.— 
* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. vu, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* SOwERBY, Conch. [con., 
XVI, 1866, pl. Xxxv1, fig. 189.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 1438. 

*Margarita ( Unio) acutissimus Lra, Syn., 1836, p. 14; 1838, p. 14. 

*Margaron (Unio) acutissimus Lma, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32. 

*Unio semiplicatus KustER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 279, pl. xctv, fig. 4.!— 
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 

* Unio rubellinus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 32; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1858, p. 70, pl. xml, fig. 51; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 70; pl. x1, ig ol 
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc, fig. 490.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check 

_ List, 1888.—* Pere, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 166. 

*Margaron (Unio) rubellinus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 


Alabama River system. 
(Group of Medionidus walker’) 


Shell rather short, inflated, with a high, posterior ridge; posterior 
slope strongly corrugated; epidermis dark, slightly clouded; nacre red- 
dish or greenish. 


1There is a Unio semiplicatus of Troschel in Wiegman’s Archiv. for 1841, p. 180. but 
I do not know what is. Kuster credits his species to Australia, but it is evidently 
Lea’s shell, no such species being found in Australia, 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 591 


tMEDIONIDUS WALKERI B. H. Wright. 


“Unio walkeri B. H. Wriaut, Naut., XI, 1897, p. 91. 
*Lampsilis walkeri SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 77, pl. 1, fig. 5. 


Suwanee River, Florida; Ocklockonee River, Georgia. 


(Group of Medionidus subtentus.) 


Shell elongate-elliptical, scarcely inflated, with an ill-defined poste- 
rior ridge, the posterior slope being strongly, corrugately wrinkled; 
beaks apparently sculptured with coarse, irregular, broken ridges, 
somewhat doubly looped; epidermis bright, with broken rays which 
sometimes form irregular patches, but are usually developed into 
square spots; pseudocardinals rather small, stumpy; laterals rather 
strong, club-shaped, generally showing traces of vertical striation; 
nacre dull, bluish-white. The female shell 1s very slightly inflated just 
behind the center of the base, the male often becomes arcuate when old. 

Animal unknown. 


tMEDIONIDUS SUBTENTUS Say. 


*Unio subtentus Say, Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., V, 1825, p. 130; Am. Conch., I, No. 
2, 1831, pl. xv.—* ConrAD, Am. J1. Sci., XX VI, 1834, p. 343, pl.1, fig. 1; * New 
F.W. Shells, 1834, p.71.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* MOLLER, Syn. 
Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 209.—* ConraD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 85, pl. XLVI, fig. 1.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.176; * Biv. Shells, 18438, p. 176, pl. xx, fig. 34.— 
*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 25, pl. 1v, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* CaTLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* Conrab, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1853, p. 258.—* KusTER, Conch Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 164, pl. xtvu, fig. 4.— 
*H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxu, fig. 370.—* B. H. Wrigut, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 

* Margarita (Unio) subtentus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 13; 1838, p. 14. 

*Margaron ( Unio) subtentus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32. 

*Unio subtenta DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 555; 3d ed., II, 1839, 
p. 675. 


Tennessee and Cumberland River systems. 


Genus NEPHRONATAS Crosse and Fischer, 1893. 
(Type, Unio plicatulus Charpentier. ) 
Nepronaias CROSSE and FISCHER, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1893, p. 556. 


Shell elliptical, biangulate behind, that of the male showing a tend- 
ency to become arcuate with age, the female usually having a post- 
basal inflation and never arcuate; surface concentrically sculptured ; 
beaks low, with faint broken ridges which show a tendency to fall into 
two rounded loops; pseudocardinals generally rather compressed, rag- 
ged, laterals obliquely ridged; cavity of the beaks rather deep, dorsal 
muscle sears distinct, running in a line from the beak cavity downward 
and forward. Animal with the branchiwe rounded below, outer the 
larger behind, inner the larger anteriorly, free from the abdominal sac 


592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


for all or part of their length; mantle thickened on the edge, which is 
often dark colored; anal and branchial openings large and well fur- 
nished with papilla. Nothing is known of the marsupium of any mem- 
bers of this group, the animals examined probably being males; but it 
is most likely that when gravid the ovules will be found in distinctly 
marked ovisacs in the posterior part of the outer gills, something as 
in Lampsilis. 


(Group of Nephronaias medellinus.) 


Shell scarcely sulcate, shining, rather brightly rayed, distinctly bian- 
culate behind, solid, swollen; beaks rather full, with delicate sculpture; 
pseudocardinals solid, stumpy, trigonal; laterals heavy, somewhat club- 
shaped; nacre rich and soft, silvery or purple; female shell consider- 
ably inflated at the post-basal region, and differing somewhat from that 
of the male. 


t NEPHRONAIAS MEDELLINUS Lea. 

?Unio purpuriatus Say, New Harmony, Diss. (newspaper form),January 15, 1831.' 

* Unio medellinus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 39, pl. xu, fig.34; *Obs., II, 
1838, p. 39, pl. xu, fig. 34.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
236.—* HAaNLEY, Test. Moll, 1842, p. 193; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 193, pl. xx1, 
fig. 19; pl. xxi, fig. 8.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.— 
*CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xvil, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—*H. and A. ADAMS, 
Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 162, pl. 
XLVI, fig. 5.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxx1u1, fig. 171.—* B. 
H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.— 
* FIsCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 603. 

* Margarita (Unio) medellinus, LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 19. 

* Margaron (Unio) medellinus, LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. 

+* Unio strebeli, Lma,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 183; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 318, pl. 1, fig. 131; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 78, pl. LI, fig. 131.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* FiscHER and CRossE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, 
II, 1894, p. 595. 

*Margaron (Unio) Strebeli, LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53. 


State of Vera Cruz, Mexico. 


+NEPHRONAIAS SAPOTALENSIS Lea. 


* Unio sapotalenses LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p.30; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1842, p. 233, pl. xx1, fig.47; * Obs., III, 1842, p. 71, pl. xx1, fig. 47.—* ConRrab, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1858, p. 257.—*H. and A. ApaMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 494.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxxiit, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—* Sow- 
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xt, fig. 495.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 


‘Believed by Conrad to be the same as Lea’s medellinus. Fischer and Crosse in 
Mission Scientifique (see following reference) are doubtful about this, as Say’s 
species was never figured, and his description does not just agree with Lea’s species. 
As the type is not known to be in existence I think under the circumstances, since 
we can not be sure of what Say described, it is best to use Lea’s name. 

2 The type which is in the collection of the U. S. National Museum is, without 
doubt, a young medellinus. 


q 
ee 
te 
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NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 593 


re 


1888.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.—* FiscHER and Crossk, Miss. 
Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 601, pl. Lx vit, figs. 2, 2a. 
* Margaron (Unio) sapotalensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. 


Sapotal River, Vera Cruz, Mexico. 
(Group of Nephronaias averyi.)' 


Shell triangular-ovate, bluntly pointed in front, and biangulate 
behind, considerably inflated, irregularly suleate; umbonal region mod- 
erately developed; beaks sculptured with fine, irregular ridges which 
have a tendency to fall into two rounded loops; pseudocardinals 
slightly compressed, ragged; laterals having feeble, oblique striation; 
front part of the shell somewhat thickened; posterior part thinner; 
nacre dull, whitish. 

Animal unknown. 


+ NEPHRONAIAS AVERYI Lea. 


* Unio averyi La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 281; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 269, pl. xu1v, fig. 149; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 87, pl. xLIv, fig. 149.— 
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) averyt LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36. 


Isthmus of Darien. 


+ NEPHRONAIAS CALDWELLII Lea. 

* Unio caldwellit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p.118; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 265, pl. xu, fig. 145; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 83, pl. xLu1, fig. 145.— 
*SoweErsy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXxIx, fig. 477.—* B. H. Wrieut, 
Check List, 1888.—* Parent, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 

* Margaron (Unio) caldwellii Te Syn., 1870, p. 35. 


Isthmus of Darien. 
(Group of Nephronaias macnielit.) 


Shell solid, slightly suleate, biangulate behind, covered with a dull, 
olivaceous epidermis and having faint, bluish green rays; beaks rather 
full, sculpture feeble, consisting of slightly outlined ridges, somewhat 
doubly looped, the looped lines becoming swollen or nodulous at their 
bases; pseudocardinals compressed and ragged; laterals obliquely 
striated; nacre bluish white, very soft and brilliant, somewhat irides- 
cent posteriorly; male and female shells differing but slightly. Animal 
unknown. 

+NEPHRONAIAS MACNIELII Lea. 
* Unio macnielit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XIII, 1869, p. 124; *J1. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila., 1874, p. 25, pl. vu, fig. 22; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 29, pl. vir, fig. 22.— 
*B. H. Wriaat, Check List, 1888.—* Parry, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 


Nicaragua. 


1T have only seen two specimens of Lea’s Unio averyi and one of his U. caldwellii, 
and I can not be certain as to their systematic position. In the latter the beak 
sculpture, which is slightly worn, is much of the character of the species of Neph- 
ronaias generally, and not like that of Unio, and though somewhat worn the shell 
shows traces on the posterior end of faint, bluish green rays. One of the former is 
Slightly more inflated in the post-basal region than the other. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 38 


594 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL 


+NAPHRONAIAS OREGONENSIS Lea.! 


* Unio oregonensis LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 252; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 
1852, p. 275, pl. xx, fig. 33; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 31, pl. xxu, fig. 33.—* H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Mol1., II, 1857, p. 494.—* MusGRAVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 
11, fig. 5.—*SowersBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxtv, fig. 383.—* B. H. 
WricuHt, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

* Margaron (Unio) oregonensis, LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 45. 


Nicaragua. 
t NEPHRONAIAS ROWELLII Lea. 


* Unio rowellit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 153; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 256, pl. XL, fig. 136; *Obs., VI, p. 74, pl. x1, fig. 136.—* SowERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxxviul, fig. 471.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 
1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166. 

* Margaron (Unio) rowellit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. 


Nicaragua; Guatemala; Chagres River, Colombia. 


t NEPHRONAIAS GOASCORANENSIS Lea. 


* Unio goascoranensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 118; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 258, pl. x11, fig. 139; *Obs., VIL, 1860, p. 76, pl. x11, fig. 139.— 
*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) goascoranensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 


Goascoran River, Honduras. 


+t NEPHRONAIAS DYSONII Lea. 


* Unio dysonii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1859, p.152; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
TV, 1860, p. 252, pl. xx xix, fig. 1382; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 70, pl. xxxIx, fig. 132.— 
*B. H. WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) dysonii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. 


Honduras; Costa Rica. 


t NEPHRONAIAS TEHUANTEPECENSIS Crosse and Fischer. 


*Unio tehuantepecensis CROSSE and FISCHER, J. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 296.— 
* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 618, pl. LXV, figs. 3, 3a, 4. 


Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico; Honduras. 
(Group of Nephronaias reticulatus.) 


Shell evenly elliptical, shightly biangulate behind, solid and inflated ; 
surface covered with fine, concentric ridges and having delicate, radiat- 
ing furrows which cut the sulcations and form them into loops. 


1I formerly believed that this species, with the one preceding and following it, 
ran together. More recent study, with a large amount of additional material, 
inclines me to think that perhaps they may be valid species. Under the name of 
Unio rowellit Mr. Lea has in his collection two large N. macneilii, one large rowellii, 
three smaller ones and several valves, and two goascoranensis, a species which is 
very close to the rest, but probably as good as most of the Mexican forms. I find 
specimens which I can scarcely refer with certainty to macnielii or oregonensis, but 
which seem to have to some extent the characters of both. This, with a number of 
the Mexican and Central American forms, is exceedingly puzzling. This species 
occurs with N, rowellii and macnielii, 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 595 


tNEPHRONAIAS RETICULATUS Simpson. 


* Nephronaias reticulatus Stmpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 77, pl. 1, fig. 3. 


Patook River, Honduras. 
(Group of Nephronaias scamnatus.) 


Shell elliptical to elongate, compressed, strongly sulcate, rather solid, 
subbiangular behind; that of the female inflated at post-base; epider- 
mis olive to brown, sometimes feebly rayed; beak sculpture delicate 
and but slightly marked, consisting of faint, parallel ridges, which 
show a tendency to fall into two rounded loops; hinge rather solid; 
pseudocardinals stumpy, ragged, laterals straight; front part of the 
shell solid and suddenly becoming thinner behind; nacre bluish, white, 
salmon, or purple. 

Animal unknown. 


tNEPHRONAIAS SCAMNATUS Morelet. 


* Unio scamnatus MORELET, Test. Nov., No. 1, 1849, p. 30.—* Poky, Mem. Hist. 
Cuba, II, 1858, p. 417.—* ARanGo, Faun. Mal, Cuba, 1878, p. 144.—* B. H. 
WriGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 

* Margaron (Unio) scamnatus LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 40; 1870, p. 35. 

* Unio gundlachi SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLv1, fig. 248. 


Cuba; Honduras? 
t NEPHRONAIAS GUNDLACHI Dunker. 


*Unio gundlachi DUNK®R,! Mal. Blatt., V, 1858, p. 228.—* ARANGO, Faun. Mal. 
Cuba, 1878, p. 144.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154. 


Cuba. 
i NEPHRONAIAS AZRUGINOSUS Morelet.2 


* Unio eruginosus MORELET, Test. Noviss., I, 1849, p. 29.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check 
List, 1888.—* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 596, pl. Lx, 
figs. 2, 2a, 2b. 


River Michol, at Palenque, State of Chiapas, Mexico. 


'Lea and Poey regard this as the equivalent of N. scamnatus of Morelet, while 
Arango believes it to be distinct. Unfortunately both species were described in 
Latin and not figured, but Dunker states that his species is inflated posteriorly and 
has a bluish nacre, and it is probable that he had before him a female shell when he 
wrote the description, for one of the Cuban species, which I think is gundlachi, 
has a bluish nacre, and the female shell is decidedly swollen at the post-basal region. 
In another form, which I presume is N. scamnatus of Morelet, the nacre is rather 
dark, the shell somewhat elongated, and that of the female does not greatly differ 
from the male. 

2T am not positive that this species belongs here, but its form is like that of most 
of the members of the genus, and Crosse and Fischer state that the beaks in their 
specimen are entire and smooth. In several of the species of this genus the beak 
sculpture is very faint, while in Unio itis almost always strong. These considerations 
lead me to place the species here, 


596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


NEPHRONAIAS YZABALENSIS Crosse and Fischer. 


* Unio yzabalensis CROSSE and FISCHER, J. de Conch., XL, 1892, p. 294.—* FISCHER 
and CRossE, Miss. Sci., Pt.7, II, 1894, p. 597, pl. Lxrv, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.) 


Lake Ysabal, Guatemala. 


+ NEPHRONAIAS RUGULOSUS Charpentier in Kuster. 


* Unio rugulosus CHARPENTIER in KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 154, pl. xiv, 
fig. 5.—* Pmre., Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 166.7 


Habitat.—A. shell in the Lea collection, which I take to be this, is 
marked ‘‘ Mexico.” 


NEPHRONAIAS PERSULCATUS Lea.3 


* Unio persulcatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1859, p. 153; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 255, pl. x1, fig. 185; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 73, pl. x1, fig. 135.— 
“egeeROAT, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. u1, fig. 3.—"B. H. Wricut, Check PEN 
1888.—* FISCHER and Grossu, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 614. 

* Margaron (Unio) persulcatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36. 


Mexico. 
+ NEPHRONAIAS CALIMATARUM Morelet. 


*Unio calimatarum MORELET, Test. Noviss., I, 1849, p. 30.—*? SowERBY, Conch. 
Tcon., XVI, 1868, pl. LxxIv, fig. 385.4—* B. H. Wriaur, Check List, 1888.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.—* FiscHER and CRossE, Miss. Sci., 
Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 612. 

Margaron (Unio) calimatarum LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 63. 


Mexico; Guatemala. 


+ NEPHRONAIAS TABASCOENSIS Charpentier in Kuster. 


*Unio tabascoensis CHARPENTIER in KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 153. pl. 
XLIV, fig. 3°.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* CROSSE and FISCHER, 
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 611. 

*Margaron (Unio) tabascoensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61. 


Mexico; Honduras; Cuba? 


1Probably a mere variety of wruginosus. 

2XKuster credits this species to Australia and says that it has a purple nacre. The 
nacre of all the Australian species is whitish, and the shell is evidently a member of 
this group. 

3This and the related species are extremely puzzling. Although I have been able 
to examine a good deal of material, yet I find great variation in the specimens, and 
few of them acurately agree with the figures and descriptions. 

4Fischer and Crosse believe this to be Morelet’s species. It looks like a short 
cuprinus, but Sowerby says it is solid, and has a dirty-white nacre, while cuprinus 
is rather thin and is copper colored throughout. 

5The specimens which I have seen do not wholly agree with Kuster’s figure and 
description, but are nearer to that than anything else. The material in the U.S. 
National Museum is mostly from Honduras though there are specimens credited to 
Cuba. Lea referred these to NV. scamnatus Morelet. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 597 


{+ NEPHRONAIAS PLICATULUS Charpentier in Kuster. 


*Unio plicatulus CHARPENTIER in KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 154, pl. 
XLIV, fig. 4.—*FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 598. 


Mexico. 


+ NEPHRONAIAS RAVISTELLUS Morelet. 


* Unio ravistellus MORELET, Test. Noviss., No. 1, 1849, p. 29.—*KustTER, Conch. Cab. 
Unio, 1856, pl. xu, fig. 6.—*B. H. Wricutr, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.—*FIscHER and CRossE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 
1894, p. 609, pl. LX1, figs. 4,5, and 5a. 

*Margaron (Unio) ravistellus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. 


Guatemala. 
+ NEPHRONAIAS VELLICATUS Reeve. 


* Unio vellicatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. x x11, fig. 103.—*B. H.WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.—*FiscHEeR and 
Crosse, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 610. 


Guatemala. 


NEPHRONAIAS MELLEUS Lea. 


*Unio melleus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1859, p. 152; *J1l. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 250, pl. xxxvuiil, fig. 129; *Obs. VII, 1860, p. 68, pl. xxxvull, fig. 
129.—*REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx1, fig. 92.—*P TEL, Conch. 

_Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 
*Margaron (Unio) melleus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35.! 


Mexico or Central America, no doubt. 


GENUS GLEBULA Conrad 1853. 
(Type, Unio rotundata Lamarck. )? 
Glebula CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 268. 


Shell solid, much inflated, short elliptical, bluntly pointed and slightly 
biangulate behind, with a low, posterior ridge; female shell swollen at 
post base; beaks compressed, the sculpture not seen; epidermis brown- 
ish, clothlike; pseudocardinals divided into irregularly radiating, gran- 
ular lamina, sometimes to the number of a dozen or more in each valve; 
hinge plate reduced to a mere rounded line behind the pseudocardi- 
nals; laterals short, remote, anterior adductor scars deep, smooth; 
there is in each valve only a single, large, semicircular posterior scar 


‘Tam not certain just where this and the preceding species should be placed. 
This remark can be applied to a number of other forms placed in this genus. 

27 have examined a number of animals of the only species of this curious genus, 
but regret that they were badly decayed, and that none were gravid. In one speci- 
men several ovisacs were distended with gas, and these were separated by a deep 
sulcus. This fact, the union of the inner gills with the abdominal sac, and the post- 
basal swelling seen on some shells incline me to believe that it is a highly organized 
species. 


598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


with a straight edge in front; dorsal scars numerous, distinct, placed 
back of the pseudocardinals; cavity of the beaks not deep or com- 
pressed; nacre dull lurid to purplish brown. 

Animal with gills nearly equal in size, inner slightly the larger in front, 
- united the whole length to the abdominal sac; ovisacs apparently 
separated from each other by a sulcus as in Lampsilis; palpi very large, 
wide, wrinkled; mantle having a wide, slightly thickened border, double 
edged, the inner being beautifully toothed; branchial opening papillose; 
anal crenulate; foot small; whole animal the color of the nacre. 


+ GLEBULA ROTUNDATA Lamarck. 


* Unio rotundata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75.—*LEA, Obs., I, 1834, p. 
201. 

*Glebula rotundata CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 268. 

* Unio rotundatus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 201, pl. 
XXIH, fig. 30.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—*CONRaD, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 
1857, p. 492.—*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 256, pl. LXxxvVI, fig. 4.— 
*REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. x x11, fig. 106.—*B. H. WricuT, Check 
List, 1888.—*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.—*CaLt, Tr. Ac. Sci. St. 
Louis, VII, 1895, p. 47, pl. rx. 

* Margarita (Unio) rotundatus Lia, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1838, p. 23. 

* Margaron (Unio) rotundatus LEA, Syn. 347, 1852, p. 34; 1870, p. 55. 

* Unio suborbiculata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 81.—*LEa, Obs., I, 1834, 
p. 201.—*DEsHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 546; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 
671. 

*Unio suborbiculatus FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. 

Unio glebulus Say, Transylvania J1., IV, 1831, p. 526.—Say, Am. Conch., No. IV, 
1832, pl. xxx1v; No. V, 1832, p. 4 (of cover).—ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 
1834, p. 69.—CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 46, pl. x1, figs. 10-12.— 
SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, pl. LXxIv, fig. 384. 

*Unio glebulus P@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154. 

*Unio subglobosus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 30, pl. 11, fig. 3; *Obs., I, 
1834, p. 142, pl. 1. fig. 3.—*SowrErBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LxIv, fig. 
321. 

*Unio granadensis CONRAD,! Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1855, p. 256.—* B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888. 


Louisiana; eastern Texas; Rio Grande River; Escambia County, 
Florida. 


1Conrad says itis suboval, with the disks somewhat flattened, with minute, radiat- 
ing lines extending to the tips of the beaks. The rotundata sometimes shows radi- 
ating ridges at the beaks in eroded specimens. He also states that the nacre of his 
species is purple. The description therefore fits Lamarck’s species perfectly, 
though I have never known the species to come from so far west asthe Rio Grande— 
Conrad’s locality. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 599 


Genus OBOVARIA Rafinesque, 1819. 
(Type, Unio retusa Lamarck.) 
Obovaria RAFINESQUE, J. de Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat., 1819, p. 426.! 


Shell short, oval, rounded or retuse, solid, inflated, thick in front, 
thinner behind, with high beaks which are sculptured with very faint, 
irregular, often broken and slightly nodulous ridges which show a ten- 
dency to fall into two loops, the posterior often open behind; epidermis 
dull, brownish, silky or clothlike, rarely rayed, rays indistinct; female 
shell but slightly inflated in the post-basal region, commonly having a 
shallow furrow or a flattened area at the posterior end; pseudocardinals 
solid, stumpy; laterals short, club-shaped; anterior and posterior cica- 
trices deep and distinct; nacre bluish white or purple. 

Animal with very short gills, the inner united to the abdominal sac 
throughout; marsupium projecting far below the rest of the branchize 
and occupying the posterior portion of the outer gills, dolabriform 
or kidney-shaped; mantle with a wide, thickened double-edged border, 
the inner edge of which is often slightly toothed at its postbasal part. 


Subgenus OBOVARIA Rafinesque, 1819. 
(Type, Unio retusa Lamarck. ) 


Shell retrose to short oval; beaks high, central; pseudocardinals 
rarely parallel with the laterals; cavity of the beaks deep, subcom- 
pressed; nacre bluish white or purple. Animal with the characters 
of the genus. 


+OBOVARIA RETUSA Lamarck. 


*Unio retusa Lamarck, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p.72.—FERUSSAC, Cuer. Mag., 
1835, p. 28.—DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 534; 3d ed., II, 1839, 
p. 668. 

*Unio retusus CONRAD, Monog., II, 1836, p. 19, pl. vim1.—* REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 
1841, p.118, pl. Lxxxvul, fig. 16.—* HaNnLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 202; *Biv. 
Shells, 1843, p. 202, pl. x x1, fig. 11.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, 
p. 63.—* KusTER Conch. Icon. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 58, pl. x11, fig. 2.—* CONRAD, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, 
pl. Lxx1, fig. 363.—* CaLkins, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 44.—*B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* P&aTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 165.—* Cat, 
Tr. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 45, pl. vir. 

* Margarita (Unio) retusus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. 

*Margaron (Unio) retusus Lm, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. 

*Unio torsus POTIEZ and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 149, pl. Lvu, figs. 1, 2. 


Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems. 


17 am utterly unable to guess as to what Rafinesque’s first species (Obovaria obo- 
valis) is, and the second (0. torsa) is either the Unio retusa of Lamarck or a variety 
of Lea’s U. circulus with purple nacre, I can not be certain which- Which of these 
two nearly related species it may be, I consider it sufficient to establish the genus, 
his description being applicable. 


600 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


tOBOVARIA CIRCULUS Lea. 


* Unio circulus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1829, p. 433, pl. rx, fig. 145! *Obs., I, 
1834, p. 47, pl. 1x, fig. 14.—SHort and Eaton, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 77.— 
* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 549; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672.— 
* ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 14.—* Hanury, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201; 
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 201, pl. xx, fig. 23.—* CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 
1845, p. 57.—* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 41, pl. vi, fig. 2.—* CHENU, 
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xvi, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 492.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvil, fig. 135.—* B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margarita (Unio) circulus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1858, p. 22. 

* Margaron ( Unio) circulus Lma, Syn., 1852, p.34; 1870, p. 55. 

*Unio subrotundus FERUSSAC, part, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.2—ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258. 

*Unio subrotundus Raf. v. circulus Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 

* Mya rotunda Woop, Index Test. (Rev.), 1856, p. 199, pl. 1, Supp., fig.1. 


Ohio, Tennessee and Cumberland river systems; southeast Louisiana; 
Alabama and Tombigbee drainage? Reported from Michigan and the 
St. Lawrence drainage, but the forms in this area are probably O. leibii, 
which is perhaps only a variety of O. circulus. 


tOBOVARIA TINKERI B. H. Wright. 


* Unio tinkeri B. H. Wrigut, Nautilus, XIII, 1899, p. 7. - 
*Obovaria tinkert Simpson, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 78, pl. rv, fig. 3. 


Tombigbee River, Alabama; Columbus, Mississippi. 


| OBOVARIA LENS Lea.’ 


* Unio lens Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. Phila., IV, 1831, p. 80, pl. vi, fig. 10; * Obs. I, 
1834, p. 90, pl. vii, fig. 10.—*FERuUSsSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* HANLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 201, pl. xx1, fig. 4.—* CaTLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1856, pl. vim, 
figs. 10, 10a, 10).—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.— 
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvu, fig. 134.—*SowrERBy, Conch., 
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxvil, fig. 200.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888,.— 
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157. 

* Margarita ( Unio) lens Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1858, p. 22. 

* Margaron (Unio) lens LEA, Syn., 1852, p, 84; 1870, p. 55. 

*? Unio levigatus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—Conrab, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 
70.—CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251. 


1 The figured type has a purple nacre. 

2 Ferussac makes this = U. orbiculatus Hildreth also. 

2 This is sometimes considered asynonym of O. circulus. The two species are exces- 
sively variable in form, and both often have a pink or purplish nacre. While indi- 
viduals may occasionally be found which can only be referred to either species with 
doubt, the majority of specimens can readily be determined, and Dr. V. Sterki 
informs me that he has found differences in the animals of the two. As I have only 
been able to examine the soft parts of young specimens I have not detected any 
differential characters in them. 


rR ery § Sin) 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 601 


,OBOVARIA LENS var. DEPYGIS Conrad. 


*Unio depygis CONRAD, Am. J1. Conch., II, 1866, p. 107, pl. x, fig. 1.—B. H. Wrrent, 
Check List, 1888. 


Ohio River drainage; southern Michigan. 


tOBOVARIA UNICOLOR Lea.! 
* Unio unicolor Lma, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., [V, 1845, p. 163; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX) 
1848, p. 74, pl. 1v, fig. 12; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 48, pl. Iv, fig. 12.—* Conran, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
TI, 1857, p. 492.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 171. 
*Margaron (Unio) unicolor LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 34; 1870, p. 55. 


Mississippi and Alabama, in streams flowing into the Gulf. 


TOBOVARIA LEIBII Lea.? 

“Unio leibit Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 168; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 44, pl. xv, fig. 42; Obs., XI, 1867, p. 48, pl. xv, fig. 42—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

—* Margaron (Unio) leibii Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 36. 
Lake Erie and streams falling into it; southern Michigan; ?Sequatchie 
River, Tennessee. 


tOBOVARIA ROTULATA B. H. Wright. 


*Unio rotulatus B. H. WRriGut, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 22. 
* Obovaria rotulata SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 78, pl. Iv, fig. 2. 


Kseambia River, Escambia County, Florida. 


Subgenus PSEUDOON Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio ellipsis Lea.) 


Shell elliptical, inflated, solid, that of the males slightly pointed at 
the upper posterior part; epidermis brownish or blackish, rayless or 
very feebly rayed, beaks anterior; pseudocardinals solid, stumpy, or 
slightly elongate in age, and showing a tendency toward being parallel 
with the laterals; cicatrices deep; nacre silvery, iridescent posteriorly. 

Animal with mantle having a wide, thickened, double border, the 
inner edge being toothed throughout below; gills small; marsupium 
not reaching to the posterior end of the outer branchiz, though extend- 
ing quite well forward; ovisacs rather numerous, large and distinct, 
tinted with purple below; anal and branchial openings finely toothed. 


1The type is a young female, somewhat broken, and besides this Lea has a shell 
which he has so named that I believe is O. castaneus. Under the name of Unio lens 
(Cat. No. 85743, U.S.N.M.) he has a young shell from Jackson, Mississippi, which is 
a young male unicolor. The species grows to the size of O. lens, but shows dull rays 
and is more inflated than that species. 

2 Dr. Lea states that the type is from Erie County, Michigan. There is no county 
of that name in the State, and his specimens may be from Erie County, Ohio. I am 
very doubtful whether it is more than a dwarf variety of U. circulus, as specimens have 
been seen from Tennessee which seem to stand between the two forms. 


- 


602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


+ OBOVARIA ELLIPSIS Lea. 


* 2Unio brevialis SOWERBY, Rec. and Foss. Shells, XVI, fig. (no date). 

* Unio ellipsis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1828, p. 268, pl. tv, fig.4; * Obs., I, 1834, 
p- 10, pl. Iv, fig. 4. -SHortT and EaTon, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 75.—* Say, 
Am. Conch. I, No. II, 1831.—* DesHayeEs, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 
547; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672.—* HanLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 188; * Biv. Shells, 
1843, p. 188, pl. xx1, fig. 7.—* PoTiEz and MicHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 150, 
pl. ivi, figs. 1, 2.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.— 
* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 22, pl. rv, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* KusTER, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 43, pl. vim, fig. 4.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. 
xvill, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.— 
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxx, figs. 4, 24.—* CALKINS, Pr. 
Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 42.—* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, 
1882, p. 50.—* B. H. Wrigut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 
1890, p. 151. 

* Margarita ( Unio) ellipsis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18. 

* Margaron (Unio) ellipsis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41. 

* Unio triangularis Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. 

* Unio olivarius CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 
1835, p. 28. 

* Unio taitianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxvil, fig. 338. 

* Unio pealei Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p.191; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 
1874, p. 26, pl. vull, fig. 23; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p.30, pl. vi, fig. 23.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 


Upper Mississippi system as far south as the Tennessee and Arkansas 
rivers; St. Lawrence drainage area. 


t OBOVARIA CASTANEA Lea. 


*Unio castaneus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 91, pl. x1, fig. 215! *Obs., I, 
1834, p. 101, pl. x1, fig. 21.—*Conrapb, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68.— 
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.188; Biv. 
Shells, 1843, p. 188, pl. xxu1, fig. 30.—*CaTLOw and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 
1845, p. 57.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—*H. and A. 
ApaMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x1, 
figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* P&Te.L, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 147. 

* Margarita (Unio) castaneus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18. 

*Margaron (Unio) castaneus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41. 


Streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico, from the Alabama River 
west to the Nechez. 
The following species are unfigured and indeterminable. 
*Obovaria cordata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 312, pl. LXxx11, 
figs. 6, 7. 


*Obovaria stegaria RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 312, pl. LXXxu, 
figs. 4, 5. 


1The name castaneus was applied to some Unio which I am unable to determine, 
by Rafinesque in a continuation of a monograph on the Bivalve Shells of the River 
Ohio, etc., in October, 1831. According to Scudder, Lea’s name was published the 
latter part of the same year, but I have no means of knowing which appeared first. 
Under the circumstances I use Lea’s name. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 603 


* Obovaria striata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 311. 

*Obovaria torsa RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 312, pl. LXxx1r, figs. 
as 

*Obliquaria retusa RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 306, pl. Lxxx1, 
figs. 19, 20. 


Genus PLAGIOLA (Rafinesque, 1819) Agassiz. 
(Type, Unio securis Lea. ) 


Plagiola RAFINESQUE, J.de Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat., 1819, p.426.—Agcassiz, Arch. 
fiir Nat., 1852, p. 48, redefined. 

Shell triangular ovate, somewhat inflated, solid, with a distinet and 
often sharp posterior ridge; surface concentrically sculptured; umbonal 
area Somewhat flattened; beaks high, sculptured with delicate, parallel, 
doubly looped ridges, the anterior loop rounded, the posterior angular ; 
pseudocardinals ragged; laterals club-shaped, straight or slightly 
curved; cavity of the beaks moderate, often somewhat compressed; 
nacre silvery; female shell more or less inflated at postbasal region. 

Animal with the outer gills narrow in front, wide behind; inner gills 
wide in front, posteriorly free or united to abdominal sac; marsupium 
occupying the posterior part of the outer gills, but not extending quite 
to the hinder end, consisting of well-marked ovisaecs which are rounded 
below; a distinct sulcus extends the whole length of the kidney-shaped 
marsupium at the inside and outside at some distance above its base; 
mantle edge thickened and somewhat doubled, in some cases toothed or 
fringed below. 

'. Subgenus PLAGIOLA (Rafinesque, 1819) Agassiz. 


Shell solid, surface irregularly concentrically ridged; epidermis 
smoothish, but here and there wrinkled; painted with larger and 
smaller scattered rays, which are generally broken into irregular lunate 
or squarish blotches; hinge heavy and strong; hinge plate wide and flat; 
female shell smaller than the male, more inflated, and swollen at post- 
basal region. e 

Animal with the branchie rounded below, inner the larger, wholly or 
partly free from the abdominal sac; marsupium large, projecting far 
below the inner gills; mantle very thin, dark on its thickened, fringed 
double edge; anal opening with very small papille. 


tPLAGIOLA SECURIS Lea. 


*? Obliquaria (Plagiola) depressa RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, 
p. 302, pl. xxx1, figs. 5-7.} 

*Unio securis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., ILI, 1829, p. 437, pl. x1, fig. 17; *Obs., I, 
1834, p. 437, pl. x1, fig. 17.—* DEsHayYEs, Encyc. Meth., II, 1830, p. 578.— 
SHORT and EaTon, Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 77.—*DESHAYES, An. sans 


' Rafinesque’s name depressa, for what is probably a male of this species, has prece- 
dence over Lea’s name, but it was used previously by Lamarck for an Australian 
Unio. Rafinesque placed this species in his genus Obliquaria and the subgenus 
Plagiola, but after giving the name Obliquaria depressa he calls it U. depressa in paren- 
thesis. 


604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. —_-vou.xxu. 


Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p.550; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 673.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 
1842, p. 184; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 184, pl. xx, fig. 51.—* CaTLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xvi, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.— 
*H. and A. ADaAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—*CHENU, Man., II, 
1859, p. 138, fig. 671.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx1, fig. 304.— 
*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 
* Margarita (Unio) securis LEA, Syn., 1836, p.19; 1838, p. 16. 
*Margaron (Unio) securis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. 
*Plagiola securis SmirH, Bull. U.S. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pl. Lxxx. 
*Unio lineolata Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. 
-*Plagiola lineolata AGassiz, Arch. fiir Nat., I, 1852, p. 48. 
*Unio lineolatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag. 
1835, p. 28.—* ConraAD, Am. Conch. (continuation), VII, pl. Lx viii (no date).— 
* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* KustER, Conch. Cab. 
Unio, 1861, p. 171, pl. L111, figs. 1, 2. 
Mississippi drainage south into Arkansas; west into eastern Iowa 
and Kansas; Tombigbee and Alabama river systems. 


Subgenus AMYGDALONAIAS Crosse and Fischer. 1893. 
(Type, Unio cognatus Lea.) 


Shell inflated, decidedly truncated at the posterior slope, surface 
slightly concentrically sculptured; posterior ridge sharp and well 
defined; epidermis shining, sometimes wrinkled looped, and painted 
with a beautiful pattern of broken or arrow-marked rays; area of the 
beaks flattened off in the direction of the axis of the shell, but not 
compressed; beak sculpture delicate, somewhat broken and doubly 
looped, the anterior loop rounded, the posterior sharp below, the ribs 
fading out where they cross the posterior ridge; hinge delicate, pseudo- 
cardinals rather compressed, high, and ragged; hinge plate narrow; 
female shell very slightly swollen at post base. 

Animal with branchize more or less free from the abdominal sac; mar- 
supium consisting of numerous distinct ovisacs, and having a well- 
marked sulcus extending around it at some distance above its base; 
mantle thickened and doubled on its edge, which has dark papille. 


(Group of Plagiola elegans.) 


Shell short, triangular oval, inflated, with a very sharp posterior ridge, 
extending from the beaks to the hinder point of the shell; male and 
female shells scarcely distinguishable, both being much expanded in 
the basal region. 


tPLAGIOLA ELEGANS Lea. 


*Unio elegans Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1851, p.83, pl. rx, fig. 13; * Obs., I, 1834, 
p. 93, pl. 1x, fig. 18.—* HanLey, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 183; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 
183, pl. Xx1, fig. 33.—* CaTLOw and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.58.—* H. and 
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. xv, 
figs. 3, 3a, 3b; * Manual, II, 1859, p. 138, fig. 672.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1868, pl. LXxtv, p. 380.—* CALKIns, Pr. Ottawa Ac. N. Sci., 1874, p. 42.— 
*B.H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. ; 

*Margarita (Unio) elegans LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 16. 

* Margaron (Unio) elegans LA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 36. 


Sap htesvt 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 605 


*Plagiola elegans BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 91, pl. xx1, fig. 1. 

Unio truncatus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* FERussAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.— 
*ConrAD, Am. Conch. (continuation), Pt. 7, pl. LxviI (no date); *Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 174, pl. Lv, 
figs. 2, 3. 

* Unio truncatus RAFINESQUE Vat. elegans. * PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170. 


Mississippi drainage generally; Michigan; Lake Michigan; south- 
west to Trinity River, Texas. 


(Group of Plagiola donaciformis.) 


Shell small, elongated, triangular oval; posterior ridge generally well 
defined but rarely sharp, having broken green rays which form chev- 
rons or blotches on a lighter ground; female shell somewhat inflated 
in the post-basal region. : 


+PLAGIOLA DONACIFORMIS Lea. 


* Unio donaciformis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., ILI, 1828, p. 267, pl. 1v, fig.3; *Obs., I, 
1834, p. 9, pl. Iv, fig. 3.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* DESHAYES, An. 
sans Vert. 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 547; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672.—* HANLEY, Test. 
Moll., 1842, p. 183; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 183, pl. xx, fig. 41.—* CaTLow and 
REEVE, 1845, p. 58.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x1, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—* B. H. 
WriaGuat, Check List, 1888. 5 

* Margarita (Unio) donaciformis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 16. 

* Margaron (Unio) donaciformis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 36. 

* Plagiola donaciformis BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 92, pl. x11, fig. 4. 

* Unio zigzag LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1829, p. 440, pl. x11, fig. 19; *Obs., I, 1834, 
p. 54, pl. xu, fig. 19.—SHorr and Eaton, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 79.— 
*DESHAYES, An. sans Vert. 2d ed., VI, 1835, p.551; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 673.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 183; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 183, pl. xu, fig. 42.— 
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—* KusTErk, Conch. Cab. Unio, 

1852, p. 42, pl. vit, fig. 83—H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., 1857, p. 495.— 
*CHENU, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. vim, figs. 8, 8a, 8b; Man., 1859, II, p. 138, fig. 
670.—* SOWwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XX XIX, fig. 215.—* CALKINS, Pr. 
Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p.46.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa: TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172. 

* Margarita (Unio) zigzag LEA, Syn., 1836, p.18; 1838, p. 16. 

* Margaron (Unio) zigzag LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 36. 

* Unio nervosa CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70. 

* Unio nervosus SAY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.— 
*ConraAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.—* KustER, Conch. Cab. 
Unio, 1861, p. 175, pl. tv, fig. 4. 


Mississippi drainage generally; Alabama River area; southwest to 
the Trinity River, Texas; Michigan. Seems to be gradually replaced 
in the southwest by P. macrodon, and there are specimens which can 
scarcely be assigned with certainty to either species. 


+PLAGIOLA MACRODON Lea. 


*Unio macrodon LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 154; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1862, p. 193, pl. xxvi, fig. 262; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 15, pl. xxvi, fig. 262.— 
* 2? SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxxviul, fig. 437.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* P&#TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 

*Margaron (Unio) macrodon LEA, Syn. 1870, p. 37. 


astern Texas, northward probably into Kansas. 


606 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXU. 


tPLAGIOLA COGNATA Lea. 


*Unio cognatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 368, pl. Lxv, fig. 193; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 50, pl. Lxv, fig. 193.— 
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxIx, fig. 214.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* F1iscHER and CRossg, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 602. 
*Margaron (Unio) cognatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43. 


Rio Salado, New Leon, Mexico. 


Subgenus PIYCHODERMA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio cyrenoides Philippi. ) 


Shell triangularly ovate or rounded, solid, bluntly angled before, 
more sharply angular behind, with a tolerably well-marked posterior 
ridge; surface strongly and irregularly concentrically sulcate; beaks 
small but rather prominent, sculptured with fine, irregular, broken 
ridges, which are somewhat doubly looped, the front loop being larger 
and more rounded; epidermis olive to tawny, wrinkled, sometimes 
having faint rays; pseudocardinals compressed, ragged; hinge plate 
narrow; laterals short, slightly curved, obliquely striated; muscle 
sears rather shallow, the posterior round; female shell produced in 
post-basal region. 

Animal with small branchie, inner united the whole length to the ab- 
dominal sac, wider than the outer in front, narrower behind; marsupium 
occupying the posterior part of the outer gills in from eleven to twenty 
distinct ovisacs which are rounded and dark below, the whole having 
a decided, parallel sulcus inside and out near its base; mantle thin, 
papery, with a wide, thickened, double edge, which is sometimes cre- 
nate; branchial opening large fringed; anal opening smooth or with 
only the faintest crenulations.' 


(Group of Plagiola cyrenoides.) 


Shell generally more or less covered with radiating grooves which cut 
up the concentric sculpture into looped wrinkles or nodules, sometimes 
having the appearance of dried, wrinkled paint, the sculpture extend- 
ing into the substance of the shell; epidermis usually tawny or yel- 
lowish, rarely showing any vestiges of rays; female shell greatly pro- 
duced in the post-basal region. 


+PLAGIOLA CYRENOIDES Philippi. 


* Unio cyrenoides PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mal., 1V, 1847, p. 93; *Abbild., III, 1848, p. 
49, pl. v, fig. 1.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* H. and 
A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* Kuster. Conch. Cab. Unio., 
1862, p. 285, pl. xcvi, fig. 1.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 

* Margaron ( Unio) cyrenoides LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. 


1In a female P. cyrenoides, which was not gravid, the sulcus near the base of the 
inside of the marsupium was quite deep, in fact the part above it hung over it in a 
sort of flap, which would no doubt disappear if it was filled with ova, 


3h 


NC. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. “260% 


*t Unio newcombianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 103; * Obs., VI, 
1857, p. 32, pl. Xxx, fig. 27; * JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 312, pl. 
Xxx, fig. 27.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) newcombianus LEA, Syn., 1860, p. 36. 

* Unio sagrinatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxvui, fig. 345,1— 
P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166. 

Nicaragua; Venezuela? A specimen in the U.S. National Museum 
from the Morelet collection is marked with the latter locality. 


t PLAGIOLA ENCARPA Lea. 


* Unio encarpus LEA. Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XIT, 1868, p. 95; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 294, pl. xu, fig. 105; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 54, pl. x1iI, 
fig. 105.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 


Margaron (Unio) encarpus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. 
Nicaragua. 
(Group of Plagiola nicaraquensis.) 


Shell much like that of cyrenoides, but simply covered with coarse, 
irregular, concentric ridges, and having no radiating grooves or wrin- 
kles, faintly rayed in umbonal region. Animal as in Cyrenoides group. 

t PLAGIOLA NICARAGUENSIS Lea. 


* Unio nicaraguensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 95; * JI. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 296, pl. xxi, fig. 107; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 56, pl. xLut, 
fig. 107.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron ( Unio) nicaraguensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. 

* Unio gabbianus Lwa, Pr. Ac., N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 95; *J1. Ac., N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 295, pl. xu, fig. 106; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 55, pl. xx111, fig. 
106.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) gabbianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. 

Nicaragua. 
The following species are unfigured and indeterminable. 


* Unio nuculinus PuiLieri, Zeits. fiir Mal., V, 1848, p. 176. 
Nicaragua. Probably near cyrenoides. 

* Unio (Plagiola?) imbricatus MOrcH, Mal. Bl., VII, 1861, p. 205. 
Nicaragua. This may equal encarpus Lea. 


DIGEN 2. 


Male shell inflated, truncated posteriorly; female shell compressed, 
expanded into a broad wing behind the post ridge, the wing being 
filled with a flap of the mantle. 


Genus TRITOGONIA Agassiz, 1852. 
Tritogonia AGassiz, Arch. fiir Nat., 1852, p. 48. 


Shell solid, elongate rhomboid, having a strong, irregular posterior 
ridge, obliquely truncated behind in the male, in the female this region 
is somewhat compressed and rounded; base incurved; whole surface 


1 Changed in errata by the author to U. newcombianus, 


608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


except the rounded wing of the females covered with pustules; beaks 
rather low, incurved and turned forward over the well-developed 


lunule, which is elongated and filled with epidermal matter; beak 


sculpture strong, consisting of irregular, subparallel ridges which are 
curved upward behind, and fine radiating ridges in front of and behind 
this; epidermis dark olive; hinge plate rather narrow; pseudocardi- 
nals strong, ragged; laterals long and straight, near to the pseudocar- 
dinals; adductor scars shallow; cavity of the beaks rather deep and 
compressed, female shell more compressed than that of the male. 
Aniwal with the inner gills much larger than the outer, generally free 
for the most part from the abdominal sac; palpi enormous, elongated, 


united to each other behind, and to the mantle a part of their length; _ 


mantle thin, with a thickened, dark, double border, the inner edge often 
toothed throughout, the base much thickened at the posterior end and 
folded at the branchial opening; branchial opening large, with numer- 
ous crowded papillz; anal opening smooth or with only fine denticula- 
tions; superanal opening long, closed below; in the female there is a 
thickened flap of the mantle which fills the circular posterior expansion 
of the shell, and which has a smaller flap inside; foot and abdominal 
sac large, the latter winged in front.! 


| TRITOGONIA TUBERCULATA Barnes. 


* Unio tuberculatus BARNES, Am. J1. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 125, pl. vu, figs. 8a 8b.2—* HIL- 
DRETH, Am. JI. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 282.—SHoR?T and HaTon, Transylvania J1., 
1831, p. 76.—* REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 118, pl. Lxxxviul, fig. 5.—* Han- 
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 182; “Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 182, pl. xx, fig. 27.—*Pormz 
and MicuHaup, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 158, pl. Lx, fig. 1.—*CarLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* REEVE, Elements of Conch., 1860, II, pl. xxx111, 
fig. 1838.—* CaLkiIns, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 45.—*B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170. 

* Margarita (Unio) tuberculatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 17; 1838, p. 16. 

* Margaron (Unio) tuberculatus LEA, 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 34. = 

* Mya tuberculata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 217. 

* Unio pustulata SWAINSON, Treat. on Mal., 1840, p. 271, fig. 54d. 

* Unio gigas SOwERBY,* Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lv1, fig. 287. 


1] have never seen a specimen among the hundreds examined that had young or 
ova in the gills. But I have seen spermatozoa in specimens with inflated shells and 
ova in those with the wing. Mr. H. M. Kelly, of Mount Vernon, Iowa, who has made 
a very careful study of the anatomy of many of our Unionide, assures me that the 
form with the compressed shell, having the expanded flap behind, is the female. 

21t has been claimed that this species was previously described nnder the name of 
Obliquaria verrucosa by Rafinesque, but I am unable to make anything out of his 
figure or description; hence I use the name given by Barnes. Barnes’s name was 
used by Rafinesque for the species which the former called Unio verrucosus, but as 
Rafinesque placed his species in Obliquaria, and as the generic names of both forms 
are changed in this work, I do not consider Barnes’s name preoccupied. 

3] think that this is a large, rather high male of the species in question. I can not 
tind any description of Unio gigas by Swainson, to whom Sowerby credits this species, 
and the Megadomus gigas of Swainson (which, so far as I know, is undescribed) can 
not be it, as the latter says that his genus, Megadomus, has the lateral teeth imperfect, 
one or none. Treatise on Mal., p. 266. 


bhiediestis 


Sea a ae ee a 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 609 


* Unio verrucosus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, 
p. 72.—* FeRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1853, p. 259.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab., 1862, p. 273, pl. xcit, fig. 1.—* Sow- 
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 1, fig. 4. 

* Tritogonia verrucosa AGAssiz, Arch. fiir. Nat., I, 1852, p. 48. 

* Tritigonia verrucosa SMiTH, Bull. U. 8. Fish Com., 1899, p. 291, pl. Lxxx1. 


+ TRITOGONIA TUBERCULATA var. OBESA Simpson.! 


Mississippi drainage generally; streams falling into the Gulf of 
Mexico from the Alabama system west to central Texas. 


+ TRITOGONIA CONJUGANS B. H. Wright. 


* Unio conjugans B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 89. 
*Tritogonia conjugaus Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 79, pl. rv, fig. 1. 
Hiawassee River, Tennessee. A single male shell of this remarkable 
species, the type, is in the U.S. National Museum collection. I am not 
positive that it belongs here, though it probably does. 


MESOGEN 2-. 


Male and female shells alike, short, solid, inflated; embryos occupying 
a few distinct ovisacs in the center of the outer gills. 


Genus CYPROGENIA Agassiz, 1852. 
(Type, Unio irroratus Lea. ) 
Cyprogenia AGAssiZ, Arch. fiir Nat., 1852, p. 47. 


Shell solid, inflated, rounded triangular, sometimes slightly retuse, 
generally a little biangular behind; posterior ridge unusually well 
developed, especially in the young shell; umbonal region flattened 
parallel with the axis of the shell, sometimes compressed; beaks curved 
inward and forward, their sculpture very faint, consisting of slightly 
doubly looped ridges; sculpture of the shell nodular, radiately wrinkled, 
or lachrymose; ligament black and conspicuous; lunule distinct and 
well developed; epidermis shining, painted with a delicate, dark mot- 
tling on a light ground; hinge plate wide and flat; pseudocardinals 
heavy, triangular, blunt and ragged; laterals short, obliquely striated ; 
cavity of the beaks not deep; adductor scars small, well impressed, 
those at the posterior round; nacre bright and silvery. Animal with 
inner gills partly free from the abdominal sac, rounded below; outer 
gills smaller; marsupium consisting of from seven to twenty-three very 
long, purple ovisacs pendent from near the central base of the outer 
gills, and formed into a close coil with the ends turned inwardly; bran- 
chial opening large with many small papillxe; anal opening smooth. 


1A short, inflated, peculiarly formed shell from Big Eddy, Nechez River, Texas, 
having very few faint tubercles is in the U.S. National Museum collection, and may 
be a distinct species. It is certainly worthy of the varietal name here applied, 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 39 


610 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XX. 


+CYPROGENIA IRRORATA Lea. 


* Unio irroratus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IIT, 1830, p. 269, pl. v, fig.5; *Obs., I, 1834, 
p. 11, pl. v, fig. 5.—Snorr and Earon, Transylvania Journ., 1831, p. 77.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.181; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 181, pl. xx, fig. 25.— 
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, 
pl. x, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xu, fig. 44.—* B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margarita (Unio) irroratus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 16; 1838, p. 15. 

* Margaron (Unio) irroratus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 34. 

* Unio irrorata DESHAYES, Encyc. Meth., II, 1830, p.579.—* DESHAYES, An. sans. 
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 547; 3d ed., IT, 1839, p. 672. 

* Theliderma trrorata, SWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 271, fig. 54a. 

* Unio verrucosus albus HILDRETH, Am. J1. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 281. 

* Unio stegarius Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* ConrAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 
71,—* Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* ConrAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 33, 
pl. xLv1, fig. 1; *Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* Runvx, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x1, fig. 45. z 

* Unio stegarius var. irroratus PH#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 


+CYPROGENIA IRRORATA var. PUSILLA Simpson.! 


Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; St. Francis and 
Saline rivers, Arkansas? Eastern Iowa? The specimens reported 
from the western localities may be C. aberti. 


{CYPROGENIA ABERTI Conrad. 


* Unio aberti CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1850, p.10; * VI, 1853, p. 244; Jl. 
Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1854, p. 295, pl. xxv1, fig. 1.—* B. H. WricurT, Check List, 
1888. 

* Margaron ( Unio) aberti LEA, Syn. 1870, p. 34. 

* Unio lamarckianus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Sci., X, 1852, p. 266, pl. xv, fig. 20; * Obs., 
V, 1852, p.22, pl. xvu, fig. 20.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 496.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xctt, fig. 498.—* PZTEL, 
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 156. 

* Margaron (Unio) lamarckianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23. 

* Unio popenot CALL, Bull. Washb. Coll., I, 1885, p. 49, pl. 1. 


Kansas; Missouri; Indian Territory; Arkansas. 


Genus OBLIQUARIA (Rafinesque 1820) Simpson. 
(Type, Obliquaria refleca Rafinesque. ) 
Obliquaria RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p. 301. 


Shell inflated, solid, oval, ending in a tolerably sharp point behind, 
having a row of large, compressed, longitudinal knobs running from 
the beaks to the center of the base, those of one valve alternating in 
position with the knobs of the other, and a well-developed posterior 
ridge, the space between the ridge and knobs somewhat excavated; 
posterior slope and sometimes the entire shell more or less corrugately 
sculptured; beaks prominent, incurved and pointed slightly forward 
toward a tolerably well-developed lunule; beak sculpture strong, con- 


1A peculiar, dwarfed variety, about one-half the size of the ordinary form and 
much inflated, from the Green River, Kentucky. 


4 
¥ 
% 
3 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 611 


sisting of four or five heavy, parallel ridges, which fall low in front but 
are curved upward behind; epidermis smooth, generally shining, 
painted with numerous delicate, wavy, darker, broken rays; pseudo- 
cardinals strong, direct, and ragged; laterals short, nearly straight; 
anterior muscle scars small, the sides of the pit smooth, the bottom 
ragged; front part of the shell very solid, suddenly becoming rather 
thin just behind the knobs; male and female shells essentially alike. 

Animal with small branchiz, rounded below, inner the larger, free 
from the abdominal sac in part; marsupium consisting of a few distinctly 
marked ovisacs (£ to 7), occupying a position just behind the center 
of the outer gills, projecting far below the rest of the branchiz, their 
bases rounded; mantle cut away at the thinner portion of the sheli; 
anal opening smooth or having only minute crenulations. 


+ OBLIQUARIA REFLEXA Rafinesque. 


* Obliquaria (Quadrula) refleca RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys., SE) p. 306.— 
* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist Ser., III, 1845, p. 19. 

* Obliquaria reflexa BAKUR, Moll. Giiceeo, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 89, pl. xiv, fg 8: XX, fig. 2. 

* Unio reflecus Say, Am. Gonene No. VI, 1834.—* ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, 
p. 71; *Monog., I, 1835, p.7, pl. Iv, fig. 1.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p 
28.—* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 52, pl. x1, fig. 2.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1864, pl. V1, fig. 23. 

*Unio cornutus BARNES,' Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 12% Baa IV, figs. 5, 5a, 5b, 5¢e.— 
* 2? ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 14.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 179; 
Biv. Shells, 1843, p.179, pl. xx, fig.380.—* CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nore 
1845, p.57.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* CaLkIns, 
Pr Ottawa Ac. N.Sci., 1874, p. 41.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margarita ( Unio) cornutus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.15; 1838, p. 15. 

*Margaron (Unio) cornutus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33. 

*Mya cornuta EATON, Zool. Text-book, 1826, p. 216. 

*Theliderma cornuta SWAINSON, Treat. on Mal., 1840, p. 269. 

Unio torulosus SHORT and EaTon, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 75. 

“t? Unio philippsi CONRAD,? Monog., I, 1835, p. 9, pl. v, fig. 1; *Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 

*Unio phillipstti CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—* KusTER, Conch. 
Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 50, pl. x, fig.3.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 497.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margarita ( Unio) phillipsii Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1838, p. 15. 

*Margaron ( Unio) phillipsti LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33. 

*Unio philipsii HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.178; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 178. 


Mississippi drainage; Michigan; Alabama River; southwestwardly 
to central Texas. 


1T am sorry to have to place the very appropriate and well-known name of Barnes 
in the synonymy, but Ii believe that the description of Rafinesque for his Obliquaria 
refleca defines this species and nothing else, and although it is not figured, I feel jus- 
tified in using it. 

2 A singular shell having the general form of reflexa, but the knobs are much 
broken up. Ihave seen specimens which agree quite well with Conrad’s fine figure, 
which I have no doubt represents an unusual form of Rafinesque’s species, and they 
hardly seem to me to be a varity. I do not think the so-called type in the Phila- 
delphia Academy of Natural Sciences is valid. 


612 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XI. 


PYYCHOGE NA: 


Male and female shells essentially alike, embryos contained in dis- 
tinct ovisacs with rounded bases, occupying the entire outer gills, 
‘which, when gravid, consist of a series of folds. 


Genus PTYCHOBRANCHUS Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio phaseolus Hildreth. ) 
Ptychobranchus Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 79. 


Shell triangular, solid, sometimes becoming arcuate in old specimens, 
umbonal region rather elevated; beak sculpture consisting of faint, 
somewhat broken ridges which have a tendency to be doubly looped; 
posterior ridge rounded but well developed; epidermis usually painted 
with wavy hair line rays or broken, radiating bars, which show a tend- 
ency to form square spots; hinge plate rather wide and flat; pseudo- 
cardinals small, low, triangular and roughened; laterals club-shaped, 
remote; cavity of the beaks shallow; muscle scarsratherdeep. Animal 
with inner gills free all or part of their length from the abdominal sac; 
marsupium occupying the basal half of the whole length of the outer 
gills and hanging in from six to twenty beautiful folds; ovisacs dis- 
tinct, each ending below in an enlarged, rounded bulb which has a 
colored spot in its center; mantle thin, with a dark, thickened border; 
branchial opening large, with very minute papille or crenulations, some- 
times smooth; anal opening crenulate or smooth. 


+PTYCHOBRANCHUS PHASEOLUS Hildreth. 


* Unio phaseolus HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV. 1828, p. 283.!—Say, Am. Conch., No. 
III, 1830, pl. xxu1.—Suort and Eaton, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 77.—* Han- 
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.207; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 207, pl. xx, fig. 50.—* CHENU, 
Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845, p. 31, pl. 1x, figs. 1-6.—* CaTLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p.62.—*H.and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 491.— 
* SowWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LX x11, fig. 378.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 

* Margarita (Unio) phaseolus LEA, Syn.,1836, p. 38; 1838, p. 25. 

* Margaron ( Unio) phaseolus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.38; 1870, p. 61. 

t * Unio planulatus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p. 431, pl. rx, fig. 138; * Obs., 
I, 1834, p. 45, pl. rx, fig. 13.—* DesHayes, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 
549.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. x11, figs. 1, la, 1b; *Manual, 1859, II, p. 
137, fig. 659. 

* Unio planulata DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672. 

* Unio fasciolaris CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 
1835, p. 27.—* AGassiz, Arch. fiir Naturg., I, 1852, p. 50.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 172, pl. Liv, 
figs. 1-4. 

* Unio camelus Lea,” Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 102, pl. xv, fig. 45; *Obs., I, 


1 Figure left out by the editor. 

2Typically this form is quite distinct from the ordinary manifestation of the spe- 
cies, being very solid and much humped, but there seems to be every possible varia- 
tion to the lighter, more compressed forms, and I do not think it is worthy of a 
varietal name. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 613 


1834, p. 214, pl. xv, fig. 45.—* FERussACc, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEy, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 184; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 184, pl. xx1, fig. 54.—* Cartow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., I, 
1857, p. 495.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. LV, fig. 283.—* B. H. 
WriGuHrT, Check List, 1888.—P aTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 

* Margarita ( Unio) camelus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 19; 1838, p. 17. 

* Margaron (Unio) camelus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. 

* Unio compressissimus LEA,! Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 163; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
X, 1848, p. 81, pl. vin, fig. 23; * Obs., 1V,1848, p. 55, pl. vim, fig. 23.—* Conran, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 495.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch Sam., III, 
1890, p. 148. 

* Margaron (Unio) compressissimus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. 


Ohio, Tennessee, and Cumberland river systems; peninsula of Michi- 
gan; Kansas; Arkansas; Indian Territory; Louisiana. It is quite 
probable that some of the specimens reported from the southwestern 
part of the range belong to the next species. 


+ PTYCHOBRANCHUS CLINTONENSIS Simpson. 


* Ptychobranchus clintonensis SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 79, pl. v, fig. 3. 


Little Red River, Arkansas; Indian Territory(?); southwest Ten- 
nessee( ?) 


+PTYCHOBRANCHUS FOREMANIANUS Lea. 


*~Unio foremanianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1842, p. 224; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
VIII, 1842, p. 247, pl. xxvu, fig. 64; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 85, pl. xxvul, fig. 64.— 
* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.249.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxv1, figs. 1, la, 1b.— 
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxvul, fig. 202.—* B. H. Wrigut, 
Check List, 1888.—* P@TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153. 

* Margaron (Unio) foremanianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 36. 

* Unio woodwardius Lea,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 170. 

* Unio woodwardianus Lea, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 199, pl. xxi, fig. 82; 
“Obs., 1859, p. 17, pl. xxi, fig. 82.—* ? REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 
XVI, fig. 73.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 
1890, p. 172. 

Margaron ( Unio) woodwardianus Lr, Syn., 1870, p. 36.° 

*Unio velatus CONRAD, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 298, pl. xxvil, fig. 6; *Pr. 
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853 p. 259. 


Alabama River drainage. 


1 The type is simply an old, stunted phaseolus, with nearly every vestige of epider- 
mis eroded away. 

2This is the name originally given by Dr. Lea. He afterward changed it to 
woodwardianus. 

3T formerly thought foremanianus and woodwardianus distinct, but alarge amount of 
material received from Mr. R. E. Call, from the Cahawba River, Alabama, shows 
that the two absolutely blend together, there being a great diversity of form, and 
some specimens show the capillary rays of foremanianus and the square spots of 
woodwardianus, while others are of a uniform tawny color. 


614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII 


|}PTYCHOBRANCHUS TRINACRUS Lea. 


*Unio trinacrus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., V, 1861, p.59; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 86, pl. xu, fig. 235; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 90, pl. x11, fig. 235.— 
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, pl. LXxx1, fig. 428.—* B. H. Wrra@ut, Check 
List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) trinacrus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 36. 


Coosa River, Alabama. 
+tPTYCHOBRANCHUS GREENI Conrad. 


* Unio greeni CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 32, pl. 1v, fig. 1, p. 69.—*FERUSSAC, 
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 203.—* CONRAD, 
Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 69, pl. xxxvul, fig. 2.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 191; 
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 191, pl. xxrv, fig. 6. —* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Istser., 1845, 
p. 17, pl. 111, fig. 5.—*CaTLow and REEVE,Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—*CONRAD, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 494.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. xLVU, fig. 253.—* B. H. 
WriGHT, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 154. 

* Margarita (Unio) greeni LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 24; 1838, p. 19. 

* Margaron (Unio) greeni LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. 

t* Unio simplex Lua, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p.163; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 
1848, p. 76, pl. v, fig. 15; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 50, pl.v, fig. 15.—* H. and A. ADAMs, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.494.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 

* Margaron (Unio) simplex LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. 


Black Warrior River, Alabama. 
+tPTYCHOBRANCHUS FLAVESCENS Lea. 


* Unio flavescens LA, ! Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 163; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 
1848, p. 72, pl. 11, fig.9; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 46, pl. m1, fig. 9.—* CONRAD, Pr. 
Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.249.—* H.and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 494.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) flavescens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 43. 

* Unio flavescens PATEL, Conch. Sam., III. 


Black Warrior River, Alabama. 
ESCHATIGEN &. 


Male and female shells alike; embryos in distinct, short ovisacs, 
forming a border to the entire outer gills. 


Genus DROMUS Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio dromus Lea.) 


Shell solid, rounded-triangular; beaks well forward, rather high; beak 
sculpture consisting of fine ridges running parallel with the growth 
lines, the furrows between the ridges interrupted at the posterior ridge; 
posterior ridge distinct; a series of humps runs from the beaks down to 
the central part of the base of the sheli, which is otherwise sculptured by 


1 [ have only seen a single shell of this, and it is not in the best condition. It may 
be only a form of greeni, but it is not so inflated or solid, and it has no rays. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 615 


irregular concentric ridges; epidermis beautifully painted by undulated, 
radiating, broken hair lines or fine maculations; hinge plate wide and 
flat; pseudocardinals triangular, small and low, ragged; laterals low, 
short, club-shaped; cavity of the beaks deep and compressed, dorsal 
muscle scars on the under side of the hinge shelf; adductor scars small; 
front part of the shell very thick, suddenly becoming thinner at the row 
of humps; male and female shells much alike. 

Animal with the inner branchie much the larger, curved below, free 
from the abdominal sac; marsupium occupying the base of nearly the 
whole outer branchiz in numerous rather indistinctly marked ovisacs, 
bases of the ovisacs slightly rounded; ova very minute; palpi small, 
curved; branchial opening very large, extending one-third of the way 
along the base, fringed with many brown papille; anal opening very 
large, finely crenulated. 

: +DROMUS DROMUS Lea. 


* Unio dromus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 70, pl. x, fig. 29; * Obs., I, 1834, 
p. 182, pl. x, fig. 29.—* FERusSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* ConrAD, Monog., 
X, 1838, p. 84, pl. xLvi, fig. 2.—* Hantery, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 181; * Biy. 
Shells, 1843, p. 181, pl. xxi, fig. 25.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 
1845, p. 58.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* H. and A. 
ApDAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—*KusteEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, 
p. 172, pl. xin, figs. 3, 4. —* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. vil, fig. 29.— 
*B. H. WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. 

“Margarita (Unio) dromus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 16; 1838, p. 16. 

*Cyprogenia dromus AGassiZ, Arch. fiir Naturg., I, 1850, p. 48. 

*Margaron (Unio) dromus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 34. 


Tennessee and Cumberland River systems. 


+t DROMUS CAPERATUS. Lea.! 


*Unio caperatus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *~Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 
1848, p. 75, pl. v, fig. 14; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 75, pl. v, fig. 14.—* H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, 
pl. v, fig. 19.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 
1890, p. 147. ‘ 

*Margaron ( Unio) caperatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 34. 

*Unio abacoides HALDEMAN,’ Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1846, p. 75; * Am. JI. of Sei., 
II, 1846 (September), p. 274. 


Tennessee River system. 


DIAGEN 2. 


Male and female shells alike; embryos contained in the outer gills in 
short ovisacs which run crosswise of the branchi, and are discharved 
entire into the water. 


1 Generally this form is more compressed and less humped than D. dromus, but I 
think it is probably only a variety of the latter. 

2? Haldeman only gave a brief description of his species, and it has never been 
figured. According to Lea it equals his U. caperatus, and I believe he is correct. 


616 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Genus ST ROPE Ws Rahinieseue iSO: 
(Type, Anodonta undulata Say.) 


Strophitus RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p. 316. 
Uniopsis AGASSIZ, Arch. fiir Naturg., 1852, p. 49. 


Shell elliptical to rhomboid, inflated, subsolid, pointed or biangu- 
late behind, with a low posterior ridge, which is sometimes double; 
beaks full, sculpture consisting of a few strong, concentric ridges, 
which curve sharply upward behind; epidermis rayed or rayless, shin- 
ing; hinge line incurved in front of the beaks; teeth rudimentary, a 
vestigeal, compressed tooth in each valve, and sometimes a secondary 
tooth; laterals rarely present; muscle sears shallow. 

Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of the outer gills, 
consisting of short, horizontal ovisacs which run directly across the 
gills, and are discharged through the outer wall with the ovules in 
them; ovules ten to twenty-five in each ovisac, in one or two rows; inner 
gills the larger, free in part from the abdominal sac, or wholly united; 
mantle generally bordered behind with square, black spots; branchial 
opening with numerous papille; anal opening papillose or crenulate.! 


tSTROPHITUS EDENTULUS Say. 


Alasmodonta edentula Say, N. Harm. Diss., II, No. 22, 1829, p. 340.—* Conrap, 
New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72.—*L. W. Say, Terr. and Fluv. Shells, 1840, 
p. 10. 

* Anodonta edentula FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 
1842, p. 218.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CaLK- 
INS, Pr. Ottawa Ac., 1874, p. 50.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 107, 
pl. xxx, figs. 5,6.—* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p. 55.—* B. H. 
Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa#TEL, Conch. Sam., II, 1890, p. 179. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) edentula LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 450; 1838, p. 30. 

* Anodon edentula CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.66.—* DE Kay, Zool. 
N. Y., Pt. 5, 1848, p. 201, pl. xvi, fig. 251.—* HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. 
Cest., 1874, p. 95, fig. 174. 

*Uniopsis edentula AGAssiz, Arch. fiir Naturg., I, 1852, p. 49. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) edentula Lia, Syn., 1852, p.49; 1870, p. 79. 

*Strophitus edentulus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.--* BAKER, 
Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 67, pl. x1, figs. 5,6; Xvut, fig. 3. 

* Anodon rugosus SWAINSON, Zool. [ll., 1st ser., II, pl. xov, 1822. 

* Anodonta rugosus HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 217. 

* Anodonta undulata HILDRETH, Am. JI. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 290.—* CLEsSSIN, Conch. 
Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 79, pl. Xx vil, figs. 3, 5. 

*Anodon undulata GOULD, Inv. of Mass., 1841, p. 120, fig. 79; 1870, p. 182, fig. 482. 

*Unio undulata DESHAYES, Tr. Elem., II, 1853, p. 217, pl. xxx, figs. 8, 9. 

* Anodon undulatus SOWERBY, Rich. Faun. Bor. Am., III, 1836, p.316.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x1, fig. 30. 

* Anodon areolatus SWAINSON, Zool. I]l., 2d ser., I, 1829, pl. xv1i1. 

* Anodonta areolatus FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. 


1TIn this remarkable group of mollusks the changes that take place in the gills 
when they are used as a marsupium only last as long as they are gravid. When the 
short ovisacs are discharged the gill becomes an ordinary gill again. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 617 


* Anodon marginata FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. 

* Anodonta ferussaciana FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. 

*+ Margarita (Anodonta) wardiana LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 50; 1838, p. 30. 

* Anodonta wardiana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 46, pl. xiv, fig. 42; *Obs., 
II, 1838, p. 46, pl. xrv, fig. 42.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
238.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 220; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 220.—* H. and 
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.503.—* PaTeEt, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, 
p. 186.—*CatTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.—* B. H. Wriaut, 
Check List, 1888. 

*Anodon wardiana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xx vil, fig. 114. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) wardiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.49; 1870, p. 79. 

* Anodonta virgata CONRAD, Cover of Mon. No.5, 1836. 

*Strophitus virgatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. 

*Anodon unadilla DE Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 18438, p. 199, pl. xv, fig. 228. 

*Strophitus unadilla CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. 

*Anodon undulata GOULD, Inv. Mass., 1841, p. 120, fig. 79; * 1870, p. 182, fig. 79. 

* t Anodonta tetragona LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 165; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
X, 1848, p. 82, pl. vii, fig.25; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 56, pl. vil, fig. 25.—* H. and 
A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

— *Margaron (Anodonta) tetragona LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81. 

*Strophitus tetragona CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. 

* + Anodonta arkansasensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., XI, 1852, p. 293, pl. Xxx, fig. 56; 
*Obs., V, 1852, p.49, pl. xxx, fig. 56.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 
1857, p. 502.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTeEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 
1890, p. 176. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) arkansasensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 80. 

*Strophitus arkansasensis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262. 

* tAnodonta shefferiana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 288, pl. xxv1, fig. 50; 
*Obs., V, 1852, p. 44, pl. xxv, fig. 50.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p.503.—* PmreL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) shefferiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81. 

*Strophitus schefferiana CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. 

* Anodonta shefferiana CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 243, pl. XVII, figs. 5-7. 

*Anodon shefferianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. Xxxv, fig. 143. 

* Anodonta shafferiana B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1838. 

*t Anodonta showalterit La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 307;* Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., 1862, p. 215, pl. xxx1ul, fig. 284; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 37, pl. xxx1II, fig. 
284.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 156, pl. LI, figs. 5, 6.—*B. H. 
Wriacut, Check List, 1888.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 184. 

* Anodon showalteriti SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxvil, fig. 104. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) showalterti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 79. 

* Alasmodon rhombica ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 158, pl. x11, fig. 5. 

* Margaritana rhombica PZTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 

* Anodonta salmonea CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 91, pl. xx1v, figs. 1, 2. 


+STROPHITUS EDENTULUS var. PAVONIUS Lea. 


*Anodonta pavonia LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1836, p. 78, pl. xx1, fig. 65; ~Obs., 
II, 1838, p. 78, pl. xx1, fig. 65.—* TrRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat.,V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
239.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1853, p. 264.—*H.and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* Mus- 
GROVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 1, fig. 9.—* CLEss1n, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 
156, pl. Xxx, figs. 3, 4.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—*Pa&TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 183. 

“Margarita (Anodonta) pavonia LEA, Syn., 1888, p. 30. 

*Anodon pavonia DE Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 203, pl. xu, fig. 358.— 


618 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL. 


*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., 
XVII, 1870, pl. xx x11, fig. 128. 
* Margaron (Anodonta) pavonia Ln, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 79. 
* Strophitus pavenius BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 68, pl. m1, fig.5; Vv, fig. 3. 
* Anodon annulatus SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xvi, fig. 67. 


Entire Mississippi drainage; St. Lawrence system and south in 
streams draining into the Atlantic to North Carolina; north in the 


British possessions to Lake Winnipeg; southwest to central Texas; 
Tyner, Alabama. 


+STROPHITUS UNDULATUS Say.! 


Anodonta undulata Say, Nich. Enc., II, 1816, pl. 111, fig. 5.—SHort and Eaton, 
Transylvania Jl., 1831, p. 81.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—*C. B. 
ApaMs, F. W. and L. 8. of Vt., 1842, p. 15.—* Han ey, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 
217; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 217.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 503.—* LaTCHFORD, Tr. Ot. I*. N. Cl., 1882, p.55.—*B. H. WrigHT, Check 
List, 1888.—* H. CARPENTER, Naut., 1V., 1890, p. 57.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 186. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) undulata LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 50; 1838, p. 30. 

* Anodon undulata CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68. 

* Alasmodonta undulata C. B. ADAMS, Thompson’s Hist. Vt., 1842, p. 165. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) undulata Lea, Syn., 1852, p.49; 1870, p. 79. 

*Strophitus undulatus STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 15.—* Conrab, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. 

* Anodonta pennsylvanica LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 86.—* Srark, Elem. 
Nat. Hist., II, 1828, p. 89.—* DEsHayEs, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 
567; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 678.—* DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. x1, 
figs. 4a, 4b.—* CHENU, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. 111, figs. 5, 5a.—* H. and A. ADAMS, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503. 

* Anodon papyraceus ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 161, pl. xv, fig. 2.—* Sow- 
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x1v, fig. 46. 

* Anodonta papyracea B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 183. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) papyracea LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 5 

*Anodon quadriplicatus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. xxvii, fig. 110. 


Northern New England to Virginia, in streams draining into the 
Atlantic. This species is reported from Manitoba, but it is probable 
that the specimens from that region are S. edentulus. 


+STROPHITUS CONNASAUGAENSIS Lea. 


*Margaritana connasaugaensis LA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1857, p.185; *Jl. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 229, pl. xxxu, fig. 113; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 47, pl. 
XXxU, fig. 113.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., 
ITI, 1890, p. 172. 

*Margaron (Margaritana) connasaugaensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 69. 

*Unio connasaughensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxvul, fig. 474. 

*Margaritana connesaugensis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 269, pl. LXxxXI, 
figs. 7, 8. 


1Much confusion exists concerning this and the preceding species. The edentulus is 
much the larger and solider shell; the undulatus being a small, thin form (Say’s figure 
is only about half an inch long, from a young or very dwarf specimen), usually quite 
distinctly biangulate behind. The latter is confined tothe Atlantic drainage, while 
the former is found in this area and in the Mississippi Valley. 


: 


Pr 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 619 


*tMargaritana alabamensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.41; *Jl. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 104, pl. x v1, fig. 249; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 108, pl. xv1, 
fig. 249.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 264, pl. LXxx, fig. 5.—* B. H. 
WriGuHt, Check List, 1888.—* P&TxEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172. 

*Unio alabamensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxx0, fig. 433, 

*Margaron (Margaritana) alabamensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68. 


Alabama River system. 


+STROPHITUS SPILLMANII Lea. 


*Margaritana spillmanii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Il, 1858, p. 188; *Jl. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 105, pl. xvuy, fig. 252; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 109, pl. 
XVI, fig. 252.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 264, pl. Lxxxm1, figs. 5, 
6.—* B. H. Wricur, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, 
p. 174. 

*Unio spillmantti SOwERBY, Conch. Icon.,-X VI, 1868, pl. LXxxi1, fig. 435. 


Tombigbee River, Mississippi. 
+STROPHITUS TOMBIGBEENSIS Lea. 


*Margaritana tombigbeensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 1388; *J1. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., V. 1862, p. 107, pl. xvi, fig. 255; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 111, pl. 
XVI, fig. 255.—* B. H. WricuT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., 
ITI, 1890, p. 174. 

*Margaron (Margaritana) tombigbeensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68. 

*Margaritana (Alasmodonta) tombigbeensis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 
268, pl. LXxXI, figs. 3, 4. 


Tombigbee River, Mississippi. 
+STROPHITUS GESNERII Lea. 


*Margaritana gesneriti Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 138; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 211, pl. xxxu1, fig. 280; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 33, pl. xxx, 
fig. 280.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 
1868, pl. LXXxXIVv, fig. 446. 

*Margaron (Margaritana) gesnerti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 67. 

*Margaritana gessneri PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 


Uphaupee and Swamp creeks, Alabama. 


+STROPHITUS ELLIOTTII Lea. 


*Margaritana elliottiit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p.138; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 226, pl. xxxI, fig. 108; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 44, pl. xxx1, fig. 
108.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 173. 

*Margaron (Margaritana) elliottii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68. 

*Margaritana (Alasmodonta) elliottii CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 267, 
pl. LxxXxII, figs. 3,4. — 

*tMargaritana elliptica LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., ITI, 1859, p. 113; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 106, pl. xvii, fig. 254; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 110, pl. xv1u1, 
fig. 254.—B. H. WricuHt, Check List, 1888.—PTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 
173. 

*Margaron (Margaritana) elliptica LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68. 

*Margaritana (Alasmodonta) elliptica CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 270, 
pl. Lxxx1, figs. 5, 6. 


Columbus, Georgia; Columbus, Mississippi. 


620 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


?STROPHITUS RADIATUS Conrad. 
*Alasmodonta radiata CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 341, pl. 1, fig. 10.1 


Small streams of southern Alabama. 


HOMOGEN 2&. 


Male and female shells alike, oval to elongate; beak sculpture coarse; 
embryos filling the entire outer gills in the form of thick, smooth pads; 
the ovisacs not separated by sulci. 


Genus ANODONTA (Bruguiere em.) Lamarck, 1799. 
(Type, Mytilus cygneus Linnieus. ) 


Mya LInNZUS, part, Syst. Nat., 1758, p. 1158. 

Limnea Pout, ‘vest. Utriusque Sic., I, 1791, p. 31; II, 1795, p. 253. 
Anodontites BRUGUIERE, JI. Hist. Nat., I, 1792, p. 181. 

Anodonia LAMARCK, Prodrome Class. Coq., 1799, p. 87. 

Anodon OKEN, Lehrb. Nat. Zool., I, 1815, p. 238. 

Anodontes CUVIER, Regne An.., II, 1817, p. 472. 


Shell elliptical, thin, inflated, often slightly winged posteriorly; beak 
sculpture consisting of rather numerous more or less parallel ridges, 
usually somewhat doubly looped, and becoming slightly nodulous on 
the loops; surface generally smooth, shining; hinge edentulous, 
reduced to a mere line, regularly curved; muscle scars rather faint; 
nacre dull. 

Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole outer gills, when 
filed forming a smooth, very thick, liver-colored pad; gills free from 
the abdominal sac from one-half to their entire length; palpi generally 
large; branchial opening papillose; anal opening without papille, 
though sometimes very slightly crenulate; superanal opening gener- 
ally small, widely separated from the anal. 


(Group of Anodonta cygnea.) 


Shell very evenly rounded in front, pointed behind, the point elevated 
above the base, more or less winged on post dorsal part, the line from 
the posterior part of the wing to the hinder point usually incurved; 
beaks flattened, the sculpture consisting of numerous more or less con- 
centric ridges, which are sometimes broken up into rather irregular 
corrugations. 

Animal with the inner gills the larger, free from the abdominal sac 
nearly or quite their whole Hun palpi large. 


'T can eae matin out of /nng, Aine figure Dome poor and the description 
meager. Conrad places it in Strophitus in his Synopsis, 1853. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 621 


tANODONTA CYGNEA Linneus.! 


*Mytilus cygneus LINN&US,*? Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1758, I, p. 706, No. 1158.— 
*MULLER, Vermium, II, 1774, p. 208.—* Da Cosra, Hist. Nat. Test. Brit., 
1778, p. 214, pl. xv, fig. 2.—* GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1778, p. 3335.— 
*ScCHROTER, Flussconch., 1779, p. 162, pl. m1, fig.1; * Ein. Conch., III, 1783, 
p. 440.—* Oxrvi, Zool. Adr., 1792, p. 125.—* Donovan, Brit. Shells, JI, 1800, 
pl. Lv.—MontaGu, Test. Brit., 1803, p. 170.—Turron, Brit. Faun., 1807, p. 
165.—* MaTon and Rackert, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., VIII, 1807, p. 109, pl. 11, 
figs. 2, 3.—* SCHUMACHER, Ess. Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 106.—* DILLWyn, Cat., 
1817, p. 315.—TuRTON, Conch. Dict. 1819, p. 115.—* SHEPPaRD, Tr. Linn. Soc. 
Lond., XIII, 1820, p. 84, pl. v, fig. 3.—* Woop, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 58, pl. xu, 
fig. 32 f.—* HANLEY, Ipsa Linn. Conch., 1855, p. 487.—* Woop, Ind. Test. Rev., 
1856, p. 69, pl. x1, fig. 32. 

* Anodontes cygneus CUVIER, Regne An., II, 1817, p. 472. 

*Anodon cygneus TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 239.—* FLEMING, Hist. Brit. 
Moll., 1828, p. 415.—* Turton, Man. L. and F. W. Shells, 1831, p. 17, fig. 8.— 
* BRowN, Land and F. W. Conch., 1836, p. 99, pl. x1, figs. 1-3e.—* THompson, 
Ann. and Mag. N. Hist., VI, 1840, p. 196.—* Brown, Ill. Rec. Conch., 1844, p. 79, 
pl. xxvitl, ete.—* TURTON, Man. L. and F. W. Shells, 1857, p. 271, fig. 65, pl. 1, 
fig. 8.—* Tarte, L. and F. W. Moll. Brit., 1866, pl. 1.—*SowkrrBy, Conch. 
Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. 1, fig. 2. 

*Anodonta cygnea DRAPARNAUD, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1806, p. 154, pl. xu, fig. 1; pl. x1, 
fig.6.—* MILLET, Moll. Maine et Loire, 1813, p. 76.—* GAERTNER, Vers. Syst., 
1813, p. 38.—* BRARD, Hist. Coq. Paris, 1815, p. 234, pls. 1x, x.—* KLEEs, Desc. 
Test., 1818, p. 43.—* Lamarck, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 84.—* C. PFEIFFER, 
L. and 8. Moll., 1821, Pt. 1, p. 111, pl. v, fig. 4.—Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., 1824, III, 
p. 142.—* BLaINVILLE, Man., 1825, p. 358, pl. Lxvi, fig. 1.—* WAARDENBERG, 
Com. Hist. Nat. An., 1827, p.37.—* Stark, Nat. Hist., 1828, II, p.89.—*GuERIN, 
Icon. Regne An., II, 1829, pl. xxvi, fig. 5.—* ROSSMASSLER, Icon., I, 1835, p. 
111, pl. 1, fig. 67, etc.—* GouPIL, Hist. Moll. Sarthe, 1835, p. 81.—* Wyatt, 
Man. Conch., 1838, p. 68, pl. x1, fig. 2.—* Porro, Mal. Como., 1838, p. 110.— 
*GRAS, Moll. Isere, 1840, p. 70, pl. v1, fig. 7.—* HANLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 
216; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 216.—* Scuouz, Schleis. L. and W. Moll., 1848, p. 
118.—* MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 100.—*PuTon, Moll. Vosges, 1847, 
p. 68.—* GASSEIZ, Moll. Ag., 1849, p. 189.—*SrEIn, Die Leb. Schneck., 1850, 


1The number of specific names bestowed on the Anodontas of Kurope must run up 
into the thousands. I have gone over the literature as carefully as possible, and 
large series of specimens from many localities, and I confess that I am absolutely 
unable to separate these forms specifically. The variations of form, size, color, 
solidity, and even texture are sufficient for a large number of species if they were 
not everywhere connected by intermediate examples. The new school of concholo- 
gists has named every conceivable variation, and in very many cases distorted 
individuals. Europe is a densely settled region, and it is possible that the waters 
of the streams and ponds in many places may be so affected by sewage and other 
offal as to produce many changes in the mollusks living in them. I shall attempt 
to recognize a few of the leading forms as varieties, referring them to the author 
originally describing them, but on account of the enormous amount of literature 
pertaining to these forms and its confused condition, I can not attempt to trace out 
these varieties among the descriptions of subsequent writers. 

2According to Hanley (Shells of Linnzeus, p. 144) the A. cygnea var cellensis of 
Rossmassler (Icon., 1V, 1830, pl. x1x, fig. 280) is marked for this in the Linnzan cab- 
inet. Itisa large, rather elongated shell, slightly biangulate behind, somewhat 
cut away on the upper posterior part, and having fairly full beaks. 


622 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


p. 100.—* DRougET, Nay. Fr., 1852, p. 5, pl. 1; *Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852, p.55.— 
*Dupvy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 601, pl. xv, fig. 14.—* ForBEs and HaNLEy, 
Hist. Brit. Moll., II, 1853, p. 155, pl. xx xix, fig. 3; x1, figs. 2, 8; xL1.—* Kus- 
TER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 58, pl. xv.—VON WaAUBL, Arch. fiir Natur K. 
Liv., 2d ser., I, 1855, p. 183.—* Moquin-Tanpon, Moll. Fr., II, 1855, p. 557, 
pl. xLtiv.—* VON WAHL, Suss. Biv. Liv., 1855, p. 133.—* NoORDENSKIOLD and. 
NYLANDER, Fin. Moll., 1856, p. 90, pl. vu, fig. 78.—H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 502; ILI, pl. cx vit, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, IT, 
p. 145, fig. 718.—* SowERBy, IJ]. Index Brit. Shells, 1859, pl. vir, No. 4.— 
REEVE, Elements of Conch., IT, 1860, pl. p, No. 4.—* JEFFREYS, Brit. Conch., 
I, 1862, p. 41.—* RrxEve, L. and F. W. Moll. Br., 1863, p. 215, fig. 1.—* Biz, 
Faun. Sieben, 1863, p. 195.—* HoueuTon, Int. Obs.,-1864, p. 68, pl. [1], figs. 
1, 2.—* Brot, Etudes Nayades, Leman, 1867, p. 28, pl. 1, fig.1; pl. 11, figs. 1, 2.— 
* KOBELT, Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p. 247.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. 8. N. and D., 
1873, p. 583.—DRovET, Mem. Acad. Dijon, VIII, 1882, p. 25 (reprint).—* L. 
Apams, Coll. Manual, 1884, p. 21, pl. 11, fig. 1.—* Pa Tex, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 178.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 199.—* Locarp, 
Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 234. win crenvone! Act. Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, No. 7, 
1897, p. 168. 
Symphynota cygnea LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc. 1830, p. 456; Obs., I, 1834, p. 70. 

*Margarita (Anodonta) cygnea LEA, Syn., 1836, p.48; 1838, p. 29. 

*Anodon cygnea CROUCH, Il. Int. Lam., 1827, pl. 1x, fig. 6. CaTLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. 

“Margaron (Anodonta) cygnea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 47; 1870, p. 76. 

* Anodonta cygnea GAssEIS, Moll. Ag., 1849, p. 189. 

“Anodonta radiatus MULLER, Vermium, 1774, p. 209. 

* Mytilus zellensis GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., I, 1788, p. 3262. 

* Anodonta zellensis WAARDENBERG, Hist. Nat. Animalium, 1827, p. 37. 

“Anodonta cellensis C. PFEIFFER, Deuts. L. and Suss. Moll., I, 1821, p. 110, pl. v1, 
fig. 1.—* Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., III, 1824, p. 144.—* RossmassLEr, Icon., IV, 
1836, p. 22, pl. x1x, fig. 280.—* ScHouz, Schleis. L. and W. Moll., 1843, p.119.— 
*STABILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 58, pl. 11, fig. 69.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., 
XIII, Pt. 1, 1847, p. 272.—* Drs Mouttns, Actes. Soc. L. Bord, XVIII, 1852, 
p. 495.—* DROUET, Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852, p.60.—* Dupuy, Nay. Fr. No. 2, 1852, 
p.11, pl. 11.—*KustTER, Conch,Cab.Ano., 1853, p. 16, pl. Iv, fig. 3; v, figs. 1-4; v1, 
fig. 1.—* Binz, Faun. Sieben., 1863, p. 197.—*Bror, Coq. Leman, 1867, p. 33, 
pl. 11, figs. 1-3; Iv, figs. 1, 2; vi, fig. 4.—*ScHRENCK, Reis. und F. Am. L., 
II, 1867, p. 722.—* KoBELT, Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p. 251.—* LEHMAN, Die 
Schneck., 1873, p. 297.—*P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.—*WEsTER- 
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 211. 

*Anodonta variabilis DRAPARNAUD, Tab. Moll. Fr., 1801, p. 108.—FouRNEL, Faun. 
Moselle, I, 1836, p. 487. 

* Mytilus avonensis MONTAGU, Test. Brit., 1803, p. 172.—*TuRTON, Conch. Dict., 
1819, p. 116.—* Woop, Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 69, pl. x11, fig. 34. 

* Anodon avonensis, TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 211. 

* Anodonta avonensis MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. France, II, 1855, p. 562, pl. xvi, 
figs. 7, 8. 

* Mylilus avoensis TURTON, Brit. Faun., 1807, p. 165. 

* Mytilus stagnalis TURTON, Brit. Bae , 1897, p. 165.—* DILLWYn, Cat. I, 1817, p. 

~ 316.—TuRTON, Conch. Dict., 1819, p. 115. 

* Anodonta stagnalis Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., III, 1824, p. 143.—* WESTsRLUND, Faun. 
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 199.—* LocarD, Coq. Fr., 1893, p. 228. 

* Mytilus fucatus DILLWYN, Cat. I, 1817, p. 317. 

* Anodonta sulcata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 85.—* NILsson, Hist. Moll. 
Svec., 1822, p.113.—* DESHAYES, Enc. Meth., II, 1827, p. 147, pl. cc11.—* KLEE- 


a 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 623 


BERG, Moll. Bor., 1828, p.36 —* DEsHAYEs, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 
566; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 678.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 216. 

* Anodonta intermedia LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p.86.—* C. PFEIFFER, 
Deuts. L. and S. Moll., 1821, Pt. 1, p. 113, pl. v1, fig. 3.—* Nixsson, Hist. Moll. 
Svec., 1822, p. 117. —* WAARDENBERG, Hist. Nat. Animalium, 1827, p. 37.— 
* DESHAYES, Enc. Meth., II, 1827, p. 147, pl. cct, fig. 2.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 180.~.* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p.74.—* Locarp, 
Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 263. 

*Anodon intermedia CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. 

*Anodon intermedius KENYON, Mag. Nat. Hist., I, 1829, p. 426, fig. 185. 

* Mytilus incrassatus SHEPPARD, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIII, 1820, p. 85, pl. v, fig. 4. 

* Anodonta incrassata LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 260. 

* Mytilus macula SHYPPARD, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., XIII, 1820, p. 86, pl. v, fig. 6. 

* Anodon paludosus TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 240, pl. xv, fig. 6. 

* Anodonta piscinalis NILSSON, Hist. Moll.Svee.,1822, p. 116.—* ROsSMASSLER, Icon., 
IV, 1836, p. 23, pl. x1x, fig. 281,etc.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 216.—*Gas- 
sIEs, Moll. Agen., 1849, p. 191, pl. 1v, fig. 1.—* DrovUET, Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852, 
p. 285.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 612, pl. xx1, figs. 17, 18.—* Drover, 
Nay. France, No. 5, 1852, p.11, pl.v, fig. 1.—* DEs MouLins, Actes Soc. L. Bord., 
XVIII, 1852, p. 496.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 45, pl. 011, figs. 4, 5.— 
* MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. Fr., II, 1855, p. 561, pl. xiv, figs. 5,6; XLVI, figs. 
1, la.—* KOBELT, Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p. 249.—* LEHMAN, Die Schnecken, 
1873, p. 800.—* P&TEL, Conch. 3am., III, 1890, p. 183.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. 
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 284; * Kong. Svensk. Vet. 1876, XIV, No. 12, p. 66. 

*Anodonta ventricosa C. PFEIFFER, Doeuts. L. and Suss, Moll., Pt. 2, 1825, p. 30, pl. 
111, figs. 1-6.—* DROUET, Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852, p.58; Nay. France, No. 2, 1852, 
p. 6.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p.56, pl. x1, figs. 3-5.—* Brot, Coq. 
Fam. Nay. Lem., 1867, p. 82.—* DROUET, Mem. Ac. Dij., 3d ser., VII, 1882, p. 29 
(reprint).—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 203.—* LocarD, Coq. 
de Fr., 1893, p. 230. : 

Anodonta minima MILLET, Mem. Soc. Agr., Aug., 1833, p. 241, pl. xu, fig. 2.—* CaT- 
LOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.67.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 
611, pl. xx, fig. 20.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 277.— 
* LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 307. 

Anodonta oblonga MILLET, Mem. Soc. Agr., Aug., 1833, p. 242, pl. x11.—* DROUET, 
Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852, p.63; Nay. Fr., No. 2, 1852, p.14; His. Moll. Fr., 1852, 
p. 65, pl. xvi, fig. 13.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II. Pt. 7., 1890, p. 215.— 
* LOCARD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 273. 

* Anodon oblongus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. xv, fig. 54. 

’ * Anodonta attenuata HELD, Isis, 1836, p. 280. 

* Anodonta exulcerata PORRO, Mal. Como., 1838, p. 111, pl. 1, fig. 12.—* CaTLow and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. 
XXXII, fig. 131.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 127, pl. x1, figs. 3, 4.—- 
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 262.—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, 
p. 289. 

* Anodonta coarctata POTIEZ and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 142, pl. tv, fig. 2.— 
*Dupvy, Hist. Moli. Fr., 1852, p.616, pl. xx, fig. 51. 

*Anodonta elongata PotiezZ and MicHaup, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 141, pl. Lv, fig. 
1.—* Puton, Moll. Vosges, 1847, p. 69.—* Dupvy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 620, 
pl. xvi, fig. 16.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 307. 

* Anodonta glabra STABILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 58, pl. 11, fig. 68.!—* WESTERLUND, 
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 257. 

“Anodonta lusitana MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 103, pl. xu, fig. 1.—* CLESSIN, 


\Credited to Ziegler by Stabile. 


624 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL, ; 


| 


Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 85. pl. x x11, fig. 1.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 
Pt. 7, 1890, p. 256. 

* Anodonta regularis MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 100, pl. x.—* CLEssin, Conch. 
Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 85, pl. xxi, fig. 2.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 
1890, p. 208. 

* Anodonta macilenta MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 102.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab. 
Ano., 1878, p. 87, pl. xxiv, fig. 2.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 
227.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181. 

* Anodonta ranarwm MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 104, pl. xm, fig. 2,—* CLESSIN, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 86, pl. x x11, fig. 3.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 
Pt. 7, 1890, p. 217. 

* Anodonta atrovirens PHILIPPI, Menke’s Zeits., 1848, p. 130.—*SOWERBY, Conch. 
Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x11, fig. 41. 

* Anodonta milletit Ray and DROUET, Rev. Zool., 1848, p. 3, pl.1, figs. 1-2.—* Dupuy, 
Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 617, pl. xx1, fig. 16.—* DROUET, Nay. France, 1852, p. 
15.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* WESTERLUND, 
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 291.—* Locanp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 296. 

* Anodonta grateloupiana Gasstus, Moll. Agenais, 1849, p. 193, pl. 1, figs. 13-15; 
pl. m1, fig. 1,1B; pl. 1v, fig. 2.—* Drs Moutins, Actes Soc. L. Bord., XVIII, 
1852, p. 496.—* P@TeEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. 
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 303. 

* Pseudonodonta grateloupiana BOURGNIGNET, Mat. Moll. Aceph., I, 1881, p. 29. 

*Anodonta dupuyt RAY and DROUET, Rev. Zool., 1849, p. 32, pls. 1, 11.—* DROUET, 
Rev. et Mag., 1849, p. 11, pl. m1, figs. 1-2; * Nay. Fr., 1852, pl. vu.—* Dupuy, 
Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 606, pl. xvu, fig. 13.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 
Pt. 7, 1890, p. 234.—* LocarD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 254. 

Anodonta rayi DROUET, Cat. Extram., 1849, No. 35.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. 
Fr., 1852, p. 614, pl. xx, fig. 22.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xrx, 
fig. 72.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., Ii, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 254.—* Locarp, Coq. de 
Fr., 1893, p. 276. 

* Anodonta idrina SPINELLI, Cat. Moll. Bresc., 1851, p. 19, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* CLESSIN, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 167, pl. Lv, figs. 1, 2.—* KoBETT, Icon., IV, 1876, 
p. 67, pl. Cxx, figs. 1156-1159.—* CLEssin, Moll. Oest., 1887, p. 712, fig. 484.— 
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 258. 

* Anodonta arelatensis DupUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 611, pl. xrx, fig. 14.— 
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 264. 

* Anodontites europe LEACH, Syn. Moll. Gt. Br., 1852, p. 326. 

* Anodonta. moulinsiana DuPuY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 614. pl. xx, fig. 19.—* DEs 
Mou.ins, Actes Soc. L. Bord., XVIII, 1852, p. 494.—* Drovurt, Nay. Fr., 1854, 
p. 5.—* Kosx tt, Icon., VI, 1879, p. 45, pl. cLXv, fig. 1055.—* WESTERLUND, 
Faun. Pal., Il, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 217. 

* Anodonta normandi Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 620, pl. xv1, fig. 15.— 
*SOwWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxvuiul, fig. 109.—* WESTERLUND, 
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 303. 

* Anodonta parvula DROUET, Nay. Fr., No. 5, 1852, p. 9, pl. 1v, fig. 2.—* WESTER- 
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 265.—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 283. 

* Anodonta rossmassleriana Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 608, pl. xvi, fig. 
14.—* DROUET, Nay. Fr., No. 5 and 6, 1854, p. 6.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., 
II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 257.—Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 266. 

* Anodonta subponderosa Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 607, pl. xvi, fig. 14.— 
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 234.—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 
1893, p. 252. 

*Anodonta tenella KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1852, p. 63, pl. Ix, fig. 5. 

* Anodonta scaldiana DuPUY, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 613, pl. xx, fig. 12.—* KOBELT, 
Icon., VII, 1880, p. 35, pl. cxcrv, fig. 1960.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 
1890, p. 251,—* LocakrD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 272. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 625 


* Anodonta luxata KUSTER, Conch Cab. Ano., 1853, p.9, pl. 111, fig. 1.—* WEsTER- 
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 238; Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 267. 

* Anodonta callosa KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 36, pl. Ix, fig. 1.—* WusTER- 
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 270. 

* Anodonta cariosa KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 43, pl. Iv, fig.3; v, fig.1; x, 
figs. 1, 2.—* Drougrt, Mem. Ac. Dij., VII, 1882, p. 27 (reprint).—* WEsSTER- 
LUND, Faun: Pal., II, Pt.7, 1890, p.216.—* LocaRD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 236. 

“Anodonta arealis GRIT, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 47, pl. 1x, figs. 2-4.—* WxEsT- 
ERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 263. om LocaRD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 280. 

* Anodonta charpentiert CSTE, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 49, pl. x1, figs. 3, 4.— 
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xu, fig. 37. 

*Anodonta anserirostris KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 55, pl. x, fig.3; x1, 
figs. 1,2.—* DrovuEtT, Mem. Ac. Dij., VII, 1882, p. 28.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. 
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 214. 

"Anodonta inornata KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 42, pl. 111, fig. 6.—* WESsT- 
ERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 238.—* LocarRD, Coq. de. Fr., 1893, p. 267. 

* Anodonta tumida KusTER, Conch, Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 48, pl. x11, figs. 1, 2.—* WEsT- 
ERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 240. 

*Anodonta subluxata KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 52, pl. x1, figs. 1, 2.— 
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 258.—* Locarp, Coq. de. Fr., 
1893, p. 287. 

* Anodonta sondermannii Kuster, Condi Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 54, pl. x11, fig. 4.— 
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 240. 

* Anodonta opalina KUSTER, part, Conch. Cab. Ano., 18538, p. 60, pl. x1, figs. 1, 2.— 
*DrouEt, Mem. Ac. Dij., VII, 1882, p. 30 (reprint).—* WESTERLUND, Faun. 
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 284. 

* Anodonta nilssonii KUSTER, part, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 61, pl. x v1, fig. 2.! 

* Anodonta helvetica BOURGUIGNAT, Rey. et Mag., XV, 1863, p. 22 (pl. xx in vol. 
XIV, figs. 1, 2).—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 249. 

* Anodonta melinia BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. peu. Con., 1863, p. 50, pl. xx v1. —* BOUR- 
GUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., 1865,. pl. xxiv, figs. 1-5.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. 
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 229 

* Anodonta elachista BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. peu. Con.,1863, p. 60, pl. Xx x1, figs. 12-14. 

* Anodonta psammita BOURGUIGNAT, Rey. et Mag., XV, 1863, p. 21 (pl. xx1 in vol. 
XIV, figs. 1-4).—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 269. 

* Anodonta pictetiana Brot, Etude Coq. Lem., 1867, p. 45, pl. vill, figs. 1-3.— 
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 288. 

* Anodon simplicidus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x11, fig. 40. 


+ANODONTA CYGNEA var. ANATINA Linneus.’? 


*Mytilus anatinus LinNwus, Syst. Nat., 10th ed., I, 1758, No. 1168.—* MULLER, 
Vermium, 1774, p. 207.—* Da Costa, Hist. Nat. Test. Brit., 1778, p. 2151, pl. 
XV, fig. 2.—* SCHROTER, Flussce., 1779, p. 160, pl.1, figs. 2,3; * Ein. Conch., III, 
1783, p. 442.—* CHEMNITZ, Conch. Cab., VIII, 1785, p. 189, pl. LXXxVI, fig. 
763.—* GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1788, p. 3355.—* OLIvI, Zool. Adr., 1792, 
p. 125.—* Donovan, Brit. Shells, IV, 1802, pl. cx1m.—* MonTacu, Test. Brit., 
1803, p. 171.—* TuRTON, Brit. Faun., 1807, p. 165.—* MaTon and RackETT, Tr. 
Linn. Soc. Lond., VIII, 1807, i 110, pl. 11a, figs. 1, 4.—* SCHUMACHER, Ess. 


1 Kuster’s A Ames on Plate xvi, sansa he gives for this species, are the 4. 
footiana Lea. This figure is 4. cygnea. 

2According to Hanley (Shells of Linneus, p. 144), the Anodonta complanata in 
Rossmassler, Icon., Pt. 4, Plate xx, fig. 283, is contained in the box in the Linnean 
collection marked anatina. This is a rather small, compressed form, slightly angular 
in front and behind. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——46 


626 


10) 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Noe ‘Shieh 1817, p. 107, “ah 3 I, fae 5.—* DILLWYN, Cat., I, 1817, p. 317.— 
TURTON, Conch. Dict., 1819, p. 116. —* SHEPPARD, Tr. ane Soc. Lond., XIII, 
1820, p. 85, pl. v, fig. 5.—* Woop, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 58, pl. xu, fig. 33e.— 
* HANLEY, Ipsa. abrir, Conch., 1855, pl. 487, “ik Il, , fig. 1.—* Woop, Ind. Test. 
Rev., 1856, p. 69, pl. x11, fig. 33. 


* Anodon anatinus TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 240.—* SOWERBY, Rec. and 


Fos. Sh., XVII, 1823, fig.—* Sree, Hist. Brit. Moll., 1828, p. 415.— 
* REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 121, pl. xct, figs. 1, 2. 


*tnodonta anatina DRAPARNAUD, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1806, p. 135, pl. x11, fig. 2.— 


* GAERTNER, Vers. Syst., 1813, p. 37.—* MILLET, Moll. Maine et Loire, 1813, 
p-. 75.—KLEEs, Desc. Test., 1818, p. 42.—* Lamarck, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, 
p. 85.—* C. PFEIFFER, Deuts. L. und S. Moll., 1821, Pt.1, p. 112, pl. vi, fig. 2.— 
* NILSSON, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 114.—* Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., III, 1824, 
p. 143, pl. xx1ul, fig. 1.—* WAARDENBERG, Com. Hist. N. An., 1827, p. 37.— 
Stark, Nat. Hist., II, 1828, p. 89.—* KLEEBERG, Moll. Bor., 1828, p. 37.— 
* ROSSMASSLER, Icon., V and VI, 1837, p. 57, pl. xxIx, figs. 417-420.—* Porro, 
Mal. Como., 1838, p. 109.—* HAaNLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 216; Biv. Shells, 
1843, p. 216.—* SrTaBILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 57, pl. m1, fig. 67.—* PUTON, 
Moll. Vosg., 1847, p. 68.—* GassixEs, Moll. Ag., 1849, p. 190.—* MIDDENDORFF, 
Sib. Reise, II, 1851, p. 283, pl. xx1, fig. 4; xx¥Ex, figs. 5, 6.—* DROUET, Rev. 
et Mag., IV, 1852, p. 244; Nay. Fr., 1852, p.4, pl.1v, fig. 1.—* Dupuy, Hist. 
Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 610, pl. x1x, fig. 18.—* FRIELE, Norsk. L. Fersk. Moll., 1853, 
p. 54.—* VON WAHL, Suss. Biv. Liv., 1855, p. 122.—* Moquin-TaNnpDon, Moll. 
Terr. et FI. Fr., II, 1855, p. 558, pl. xv, figs. 1, 2.—* JEFFREYS, Brit. Conch., 
J, 1862, p. 43.—* SCHRENCK, Reis. und Forsch. Am. L., II, 1867, p. 721.— 
Brot, Etude Nay. Lem., 1867, p. 38, pl. 111, fig. 4; v, fig. 2; vi, figs. 1-3; vil, 
figs. 1-3.—* LEHMAN, Die Schneck., 1873, p. 303.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. S. N. 
and D., 1873, p. 587.—* CLEssIn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 83, pl. xIv, figs. 3, 45 
XXVI, figs. 1, 2.—* L. Apams, Coll. Man., 1884, p. 21, pl. 11, fig. 2.—* Pa TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, 
p. 225.—* LocarD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 275. 


* dnodon anatina CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. 


‘nodonta complanata ROSSMASSLER,! Icon., I, 1835, p. 112, pl. 111, fig. 68, IV, p. 24, 


pl. xx, fig. 283.—ScHouz, Schleis. L. und W. Moll., 1843, p. 123.—* KUSTER, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 12, pl. 111, figs. 2, 3.—* DRoUET, Nay. Fr., 1854, p. 8, 
pl. vu, fig. 1.—* Moquin-Tanpon, Moll. Terr. et Fluv. Fr., I1, 1855, p. 560, 
pl. XLV, figs. 3,4.—* von WaHL, Arch. fiir Nat. Kund. Liv., 2d ser., I, p. 115.— 
* WESTERLUND, Faun. S. N. & D., 1873, p. 586.—* CLESSIN, Nach. Mal. Ges., 
1874, p.85;% Deuts. Ex. Moll., 1876, p. 446, fig. 292.—* KoBELT, Icon., VI, 1879, 
p. 44, pl. cLxv, fig. 1650-1654.—* DRovuET, Mem. Ac. Dij., VII, 1882, p. 24 (re- 
print).—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 301.—* P&TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 178. 


* dAnodon complanatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. 1x, fig. 21 


+ ANODONTA CYGNEA var. PONDEROSA C. Pfeiffer. 


* Anodonta ponderosa C. PFEIFFER, Deuts. L. und S. Moll., 1825, Pt. 2, p. 31, pl. Iv, 


figs. 1-6.—* WAARDENBERG, Com. Hist. Nat. An., 1827, p. 37.—* KLEEBERG, 
Moll. Bor., 1828, p.37.—* ROSSMASSLER, Icon., IV, 1836, p. 24, pl. xx, fig. 282.— 
Porro, Mal. Como., 1838, p. 112.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843,p. 216.—ScHOLz, 


1Credited to Ziegler Museum by Rossmassler. It was published under the name 
Anodonta compressa in Menke’s Synopsis, 1831, but not described. 

2 According to Clessin in this paper this is the only European species distinct from 
A. cygnea, 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 627 


Schl. L. & W, Moll., 1843, p. 122.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 604, pl. 
Xvill, fig. 12.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 13, pl. 1v, fig. 1.—* Drou- 
ET, Nay. Fr., 1854, p. 2, pl. vi.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 
233. 


+, ANODONTA CYGNEA var. ROSTRATA Rossmassler,! 


* Anodonta rostrata ROSSMASSLER, Icon., IV, 1836, p. 25, pl. xx, fig. 284.2—* Cat- 
Low and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* STABILLE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 59, 
pl. 11, fig. 70.—* DROUET, Rev. et Mag., IV, 1852, p. 288; Nay. Fr., 1852, p. 14, pl. 
Vv, fig. 2.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 14, pl. 1v, fig. 2.—* BourGuI- 
GNAT, Rev. et Mag., XV, 1863, p. 23, (also XIV, pl. xx1, fig. 5.)—* Drover, 
Mem. Ac. Dij., VII, 1882, p. 37 (reprint).—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 
184.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt.7, 1890, p. 246. 

*Anodon rostratus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. 11, tig. 4. 


Europe generally; Siberia; southward, perhaps, into Asia Minor. 
It has been reported from the Amoor River drainage, but | presume 
that the specimens from that region belong to the group of A. woodianua. 


ANODONTA RETTERI Drouet. 
* Anodonta retteri DROUET, J]. de Conch., 1899, p. 402, fig. 


Pond in the palace of the governor of Samarcand, Turkestan; very 
much like varieties of A. cygnea. 


tANODONTA LUCASI Deshayes.? 


“Anodonta lucasi DESHAYES, Hist. Nat. Moll. Alg., 1848, pl. cviu, figs. 1, 2.— 
*MORELET, J. de Conch., II, 1851, p. 359.—* BouRGUIGNAT, Mal. Alg., 1864, II, 
p. 296, pls. XXIII, XXIV, fig. 1.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xvut, 
fig. 64.—* P&TEL, Corch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 181. 

* Margaron ( Anodonta) lucasii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78. 

“Anodonta embia BOURGUIGNAT, Mal. Alg., 1864, II, p. 297, pl. xxv.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179. 


Algiers. 
ANODONTA CILICIA Kobelt. 
t Anodonta cilicia KOBELT, Icon. Ist Supp., 1895, p. 24, pl. vira, fig. 1. 
Cilicia, north of Tarsus. 


ANODONTA NUMIDICA Bourguignat. 


“Anodonta numidica BOURGUIGNAT, Mal. Alg., 1864, IT, p. 298, pl. xx1v, figs. 2-6.— 
*P2#TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 182. 

“Anodonta letourneauxt BOURGUIGNAT, Mal. Alg., 1864, II, p. 299, pl. xxvi, figs. 
2-6.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 181. 


Algiers. 


'Credited by Rossmassler to Kokeil Museum. 

2There is an Anodonta rostrata Held in Isis, 1836, page 280. I do not know 
whether it or that of Rossmassler was published first, or whether the two are the 
same or not. 

%Probably a valid species, yet some specimens apparently belonging to it are cer- 
tainly very much like forms of cygnea. 


628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


ANODONTA SUBCIRCULARIS Clessin.! 


* Anodonta subcircularis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 87, pl. XX, pee 3, 4. 
Scutari Lake, European Turkey. 


ANODONTA VESCOIANA Bourguignat. 


*Anodonta vescciana BoURGUIGNAT, Ann. Mal., IT, 1857, p. 34, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2.— 
* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 100, pl. x XIX, figs. 1, 2.—* KoBELT, Icon., 
VII, 1880, p. 83, pl. covu, fig. 2102.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186.— 
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 201. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) vescoiana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 


-Asia Minor. 
+ ANODONTA BERINGIANA Middendorff. 


* 4nodonta cellensis SCHROTER var. beringiana MIDDENDOREF, Sib. Reise, IT, 1851, 
p. 284, pl. xxvu1, figs. 4-7; xxrx, figs. 1-4.—* CLEssIn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 187&, 
p. 211, pl. LXV, figs. 1, 2. 

* Anodonta youconensis LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., XI, 1867, p. 81. 

*Anodonta youkanensis LEA, JI. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1¢68, p. 287, pl. x1, fig. 
99; Obs., XII, 1869, p. 47, pl. xu, fig. 99.—* CLEssIn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, 
p- 133, pl. xLu1, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) youkanensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 80. 

* Anodonta youkanensis P#TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 186. 


Kamtschatka; Alaska.’ 


+ ANODONTA KENNERLYI Lea. 


* Anodonta kennerlyi LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; *J1. Ac. Nat. 
Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 108, pl. xv1u1, fig. 256; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 112, pl. xvi, 
fig. 256.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 181. 

* Anodon kennerlyi SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxx1v, fig. 139. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) kennerlyi LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 79. 


Puget Sound; British Columbia. 


+ ANODONTA OREGONENSIS Lea. 


“Anodonta oregonensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 80, pl. xx1, fig. 67; 
*Obs., II, 1838, p. 80, pl. x x1, fig. 67. _* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., VI, 1839; 
II, p. 939,—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264,—* H. and A. 
Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.--* CLessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, 
p. 170, pl. Lv1, figs. 5, 6.—* B. H. WriauT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 182. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) oregonensis LEA, Syn., 1837, p. 30. 

* Anodon oregonensis CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* GOULD and 
CARPENTER, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, p. 218.—*SowrErBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVII, 1867, pl. xvu, fig. 63. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) oregonensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.49; 1870, p. 78. 

* Anodon cognate GOULD, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ITI, 1850, p. 294. 


1It is very hard to say ie this 18, aS it is ening a Wacencen eeu Probably 
a member of the Cygnea group. 

2There can be no doubt but what this species occurs in Alaska and the northeast- 
ern part of Asia, from an examination of specimens in the U.S. National Museum 
collection from both regions. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 629 


* Anodonta cognata GOULD, U. 8. Expl. Exp., XII, 1852, p. 435, figs. 546, 546a, 5460 ; 
Otia Conch., 1862, p. 187. —* ConRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.— 
* Hand A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—*P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 178. 


Washington; Oregon; North California; East to Great Salt Lake. 


ANODONTA CALIFORNIENSIS Lea. 


* Anodonta californiensis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 286, pl. xxv, fig. 47; 
*Obs., V, 1852, p. 42, pl. xxv, fig. 47.—* Conran, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1853, p. 263.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 503.—* Mus- 
GRAVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 1, fig. 4.—* CLESsIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 
120, pl. xxxIXx, figs. 4,5.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PmTEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 177. 

iar jaron (Anodonta) californiensis LEA, cone 1852, p.47; 1870, p. 75. 

* Anodon californiensis SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxvull, fig..113. 


Washington, south to California; east to Idaho and Arizona. Proba- 
bly a variety of the next. 


+ANODONTA NUTTALLIANA Lea. 


* Anodonta nuttalliana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 77, pl. Xx, fig.62; *Obs., 
II, 1838, p. 77, pl. xx, fig. 62.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
238.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 216; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p.216.—* Con- 
RAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p.503.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 147, pi. L, figs. i, 
2.—* B. H. WriGHt, Check List, 1888.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., ITI, 190, p. 182. 

*Margarita (Anodonta) nuttalliana LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 29. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) nuttalliana LEA, Syu., 1852, p.47; 1870, p. 75. 

* Anodon nuttalliana CATLOW and REtveE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* GOULD and 
CARPENTER, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, p. 218. 

* Anodonta triangularis TRASK, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1855, p. 29. 

* Anodon triangularis, SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xx1X, fig. 56. 


Washington to California. 


+ ANODONTA WAHLAMETENSIS Lea. 


* Anodonta wahlametensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 78, pl. xx, fig. 64; 
* Obs., II, 1838, p. 78, pl. Xx, fig. 64.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt, 2, 
p. 238.—* Hantey, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 215; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 215, pl. xx1v, 
fig. 13.—“ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAMS, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.503.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 161, pl. 
LIU, figs. 7, 8.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 186. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) wahlametensis LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 29. 

*Anodon wahlametensis CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.—* GOULD 
and CARPENTER, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, p.218.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., 
XVII, 1867, pl. 1x, fig. 22. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) wahlametensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.47; 1870, p. 75. 

* Anodonta rotundata TRASK, Pr. Cal. Ac. Sci., I, 1855, p. 29. 

*Anodon rostratus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. 11, fig. 4 

* Anodonta laosensis FISCHER,! Bull. Soc. H. N. Autun., 1891, p. 219. 


Washington; south to southern California; east to Utah. 


1 Sowerby states that his species is from Lao, (Laos?) an error without doubt, as itis 
certainly A. wahlametensis. As the name rostrata had been used for an Anodonta by 
Kokeil (or Rossmassler) Fischer changed Sowerby’s name to laosensis. 


630 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXIt. 


ANODONTA COARCTATA Anton. 


* Anodonta coarctata ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 16.—* TROSCHEL, Arck. fiir 
Nat., XI, 1845, Pt. 2, p. 323.—*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 34, pl. VII, 
fig. 2.—* B. H. WricntT, Check List, 1888.—* P&#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 177.—* FISCHER and CRossE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 519. 

"Anodonta chapalensis CROSSE and FISCHER, J. de Conch., XL, 1892, p. 295.— 
* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 518, pl. Lx1v, figs. 8-11. 


ake Chapala, State of Jalisco, Mexico. 


+ ANODONTA EXILIOR Lea. 


* Anodonta exilior LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 188; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 24, pl. vu, fig. 21; *Obs., XIII, p. 28, pl. vu, fig, 21.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* FISCHER and CRossk, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, 
II, 1894, p. 520. 

* Anodonta chalcvensis CROSSE and FISCHER, JI. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 110.— 
* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 522, pl. Lx1v, figs. 7, 7a. 


Mexico, mostly in the Pacific drainage. 
(Group of Anodonta dejecta.) 


Shell rather solid, subtrapezoidal, narrower and rounded in front, 
where it is often considerably thickened, with a slight post-dorsal wing; 
beaks rather compressed, the sculpture consisting of numerous irregu- 
lar ridges which have a tendency to become doubly looped and nodu- 
lous; epidermis rather smooth and shining, greenish or ashy brown; 
nacre lurid, darker in the cavity of the beaks; muscle scars irregular, 
not well defined; dorsal scars few and rather deep. 

Animal with dark colored branchiz, the inner wider in front, nearly 
or quite free from the abdominal sac, the outer wrinkled on the outside 
into longitudinal and vertical folds, all four united to the mantle to 
the extreme posterior end; palpi very large; mantle with a wide, thick- 
ened double edge; branchial opening with numerous papille; anal 
opening smooth; superanal opening long, deep, united a long way below. 


+ ANODONTA DEJECTA Lewis. 


*Anodonta dejecta Lewis, Field and Forest, I (August and September), 1875, p. 
26;' * Yarrow’s Report, 1875, p. 952.—* B. H. WriacutT, Check List, 1888.— 
Simpson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1896, p. 372, pl. xxx, figs. 4, 5. 

*+t Anodonta mearnsiana SIMPSON, Nautilus, VI, 1893, p. 134. 


Arizona; southeastern California; northwest Mexico. 
(Group of Anodonta cataracta.) 


Shell thin or solid, inflated, rather evenly rounded in front, generally 
somewhat biangulate behind, and very slightly winged in the post- 


1Said to be from Arkansas River or its tributaries west of the one hundredth 
meridian and collected by Dr. H. C. Yarrow, surgeon and naturalist of Wheeler’s 
expedition. This locality is erroneous, as it belongs, no doubt, exclusively to the 
Pacific drainage. 


NO. 1205. - SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 631 


dorsal region; beaks rather full, the sculpture consisting of a moderate 
number of concentric ridges or corrugations, which are generally some- 
what doubly looped, and often slightly nodulous; epidermis bright and 
shining, sometimes faintly rayed. 

Animal with large branchiz, the inner larger in front, free in part 
from the abdominal sac; marsupium occupying the entire outer gills, 
forming an enormously thick, liver-colored pad when filled; mantle thin, 
thickened on its edge; branchial papillz small; anal opening smooth. 


+ANODONTA CATARACTA Say.! 


Anodonta cataracta Say, Nich. Enc., 1st ed., II, 1816, pl. 11, fig. 4.—* ConrapD, 
New L. and F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 73.—* FERuUsSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.— 
*~ DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 566; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 678; 
Tr. Elem., I, 1853, Pt. 2, p. 218, pl. xxx, fig. 4.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 33, pl. vil, fig, 
2.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.—* H. CARPENTER, Nautilus, IV, 
1890, p. 56. 

*Unio calaracta DESHAYES, Tr. Elem. Conch., 1839, p. 18, pl. xxx, fig. 1. 

*Anodon cataracta CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. 

* Mytilus cataractus EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 224. 

*Anodon cataractus SOWERBY, Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 152; Conch. Icon., XVII, 
1867, pl. 1x, fig. 25. 

*? Mytilus fluviatilis DILLWYN, Cat., I, 1817, p. 316.—* HANLEY, Ind. Test. Rev., 
1856, p. 69. 

* Anodonta fluviatilis Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., 1824, III, p. 143.—* HANLEy, Test. 
Moll., 1842, p. 217.—*C. B. Apams, Thompson’s Hist. of Vt., 1842, p. 164; 
*F.W.and L.S. of Vt., 1842, p. 14.—*HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 217.— 
*STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p.15.—*H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p.502.—* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ot. F. N. Club, 1882, p. 56.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margarita (Anodonta) fluviatilis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 51; 1838, p. 30. 

*Anodon fluviatilis GOULD, Inv. Mass., 1841, p. 117, fig. 80.—*DE Kay, Zool. of 
N. Y., Pt. 5, 18438, p. 203, pl. xvii, fig. 234.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. 
Nom., 1845, p. 66.—* HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Cest, 1874, p. 94, fig. 
192.—SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xxu1, fig. 86.—* BINNEY, Inv. of 
Mass., 2d ed., 1870, p. 178, fig. 480. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) fluviatilis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 80. 

* Mytilus marginatus EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 224. 

* Anodonta dignota FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. 

* + Anodonta virguluta LEa,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 86; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 213, pl. xxxuJ, fig. 282; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 35, pl. xx x11, 

‘fig. 282.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 152, pl. XLIx, figs. 1,2.—* B. H. 
.WriGcat, Check List, 1888.—* P#TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186. 
*Margaron (Anodonta) virgulata LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 80. 


1 This species is probably better known by Dillwyn’s name, fluviatilis. According 
to Lea and Binney, the first edition of Nicholson’s Encyclopedia appeared in 1816, 
which would give Say’s name priority by one year. This edition is extremely rare, 
and I have never seen it. It is claimed by some authors to have been issued in 1817. 
Dillwyn refers his species to Gmelin, who states that his shell came from the fresh 
waters of Europe, and is allied to anatina, and it is quite likely it is A. cygnea. As 
there can be no doubt about Say’s species, I think it best to use his name. 


21 think this is merely a southern form of cataracta and scarcely worthy of a 
varietal name. 


632 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXL. 


*+ dnodonta williamsii Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p.169; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 27, pl. x, fig. 26; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 31, pl. x, fig. 26.— 
* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 154, pl. 11, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H. WriGuHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxvui, fig. 112. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) williamsii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 

*t Anodonta tryonit Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 169; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 28, pl. x, fig. 27; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 32, pl. x, fig, 27.— 
* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 155, pl. 11, figs. 3,4.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) tryontit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 80. 

*Anodon tryoniti HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Cest., 1874, p. 95, fig. 195. 


Lower St. Lawrence drainage; streams draining into the Atlantic 
south to North Carolina. This species has been cited from Grand 
River, Michigan, and from north of Lake Superior. Mr. Bryant Walker 
states that the former locality is erroneous, and I presume that the 


latter is. 
+ANODONTA MARGINATA Say.! 


Anodonta marginata Say, Nich. Encye., II, 1816, pl. 101, fig. 5.—*C. B. ADAMS, 
Thompson’s Hist. Vt., 1842, p. 14.—* Stimpson, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 15. 

* Anodonta marginatus HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 217. 

* Anodonta fragilis LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p. 85.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. 
Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* DESHAYES, An. sans. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 566; 3ded., 
II, 1839, p. 678.—* DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. x11, fig. 2, le, 2a, 2b.-— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.217; * Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 217.—* ConraD, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1854, p. 73, p]. 
XVII, figs. 3, 4.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p.502.—* CHENU, 
Til. Conch., 1858, pl. 111, figs. 4,4a.—* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, 
p. 56.—B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
106 eG 

* Margarita (Anodonta) fragilis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 50; 1838, p. 30. 

* Anodon fragilis CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. xvu, fig. 61. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) fragilis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 49; 1870, p. 78. 

*+t Anodonta lacustris LHa, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 84; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., 1860, p. 363, pl. Lx11, fig. 188; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 45, pl. Lx, fig. 
188.—-* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 110, pl. Xx x11, figs. 5, 6.—* LaTcH- 
FORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p.56.—* B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888.— 
* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181. 

* Anodon lacustris SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x1x, fig. 73. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) lacustris, LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 80. 

* Anodon flava ANTHONY, Am. J1. Conch., I, 1865, p. 160, pl. x1v, fig. 3. 

* Anodon flava B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

* Anodon pallida ANTHONY, Am. J1.Conch., I, 1865, p. 162, pl. xv, fig. 3. 

* Anodonia pallida, B. H. WRIGHT, Check ian 1888.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., IT 
1890, p. 153. 

* Anodon pallidus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x1, fig. 29. 

* Anodonta glandulosa ANTHONY, Am. Jl]. Gonene I, 1865, p. 163, pl. xvi, fig. 3.— 

* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Gone Sam., III, 1890, p. 180. 


1T am very sure hae this=the 4. fragilis ‘Denna and not the vente Dire, 
as Dr. Lea believes. Say describes it as very thin and fragile; epidermis green 
olive, paler on the disk, and greener before (behind), within ier white, edged 
with whitish, and from his dimensions and figure it is a smaller shell than Dillwyw’s, 
the whole agreeing better with the fragilis of Lamarck. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 633 


*Anodon irisans ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 163, pl. xv1, fig. 2. 

* Anodonta irisans B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

* Anodonta irisans P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180. 

* 2 Anodon hordeum SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. x vin, fig. 66. 

*+ Anodonta subcarinata CURRIER, Am. J]. Conch., III, 1867, p. 113, pl. v1, fig. 5.— 
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.! 

* 2 Anodon subcylindracea SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. xv, fig. ae 

* Anodon exvilis SOowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xx1I, fig. 84. 

* 2 Anodon pholadiformis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxv, fig. 106. 


St. Lawrence River drainage. 


ANODONTA TERES Conrad. 


“Anodonta teres CONRAD, New F.W. Shells, 1834, p. 47, pl. vu, fig. 2.2—* FeRussac 
Guerin. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 194.—* CHENU, 
Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 25, pl. 0, fig. 9,.—* CE, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264, 


Santee Canal, South Carolina. 


+ANODONTA IMPLICATA Say. 


Anodonta implicata Say, New Harm. Diss., II, No. 22, 1829, p. 340.—* Conrab, New 
F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 73.— FERUSSAC, ‘Guan. Mag., 1835, p. 250.—* Say, New 
L. and F. W. Shells, 1840, p. 10.—* L. W. Say, Terr. and Fluv. Shells, 1840, p. 
11.—StTIMpPsoN, Shellsof N. Eng., 1851, p. 15.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLEs- 
SIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 78, pl. X1x, fig. 3.—* LaTCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. 
N. Club, 1882, p. 56.—* B. H. WrieuT, Check List, 1888.—* H. CARPENTER, 
Nautilus, IV, 1890, p. 57. 

* Anodon implicata GOULD, Inv. Mass., 1841, p. 118, fig. 78; 2d ed., 1870, p. 180, fig. 
481.—* Dr Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 202.—* HARTMAN and MICH- 
ENER, Conch. Cest., 1874, p. 94, fig. 193. 

*Marqaron (Anodonta) implicata LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 80. 

* 2 Anodon implicatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. x111, fig. 44.° 

*+ Anodonta newtonensis Lra, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 79, pl. xx1, fig 66; 

~ * Obs., II, 1838, p. 79, pl. x x1, fig. 66.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 219. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) newtonensis LRA, Syn., 1838, p. 30. 

* Anodon newtonensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. xvu, fig. 62. 

* Anodonta newtoniensis TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir. Naturg., V, 1839, p. 239.—* ParE., 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182. 

* Anodon newtoniana CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. 

*? Anodon excurvata DE Kay,* Zool. of N. Y., Moll., Pt.5, 1843, p. 202, pl. xvii, fig. 
233.—CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check 
List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179. 


1The type of this is in Mr. Bryant Walker’s collection, and seems to be a variety 
of marginata. 

2It is hard to say where this belongs, or what it is. The figure shows it a dirty 
yellowish, without rays, and shaped something like 4. fragilis, while the description 
is too brief to properly characterize it. 

’This may be 4. grandis Say. 

4T am not certain whether this is the implicata of Say or his cataracta. De Kay 
states that the shell is thin and fragile, and the figure shows it to be brown, green, 
and yellowish, in irregular bands, and apparently shining and smooth like cataracta. 
He says that it is nearest to implicata. 


634 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. Xxu. 


*Anodonta housatonica LINSLEY, Am. Jl. Sci., 1845, p. 277.—* Stimpson, Shells of 
N. Eng., 1851, p. 15.—* H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.— 
* PEHTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 180. 


St. Lawrence drainage; north to Lake Winnipeg; south in streams 
flowing into the Atlantic to Virginia; not reported from Michigan. 


t+ ANODONTA HALLENBECKII Lea. 


*Anodonta hallenbeckit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 189; *Jl. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 232, pl. xxxu, fig. 112; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 50, pl 
Xxxul, fig. 112.—* CLessrn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 95, pl. xxvii, figs. 3, 
4.—* B. H. WrIGuHT, Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL. Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 
180.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xx111, fig. 89, 483. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) hallenbeckii ‘LARA Syn., 1870, p. 78. 

*+t Anodonta gesnerit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1858, p.139; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 231, pl. xxx, fig. 109.—* Obs., VII, 1859, p. 49, pl. xxx1, 
fig. 109.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 95, pl. xxvi, figs. 1, 2.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Anodon gesnerit SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. vu, fig. 15. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) gesnerii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78. 

* Anodonta gessneri P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.179.' 


Georgia. 
tANODONTA DOLIARIS Lea.’ 


* Anodonta dolearis L¥a, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193. 

* Anodonta doliaris L¥a, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 24, pl. vim, fig. 23; *Obs., 
XI, 1867, p. 28, pl. vin, fig. 23.—* CLEssINn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 130, pl. 
XLII, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) doliaris L¥a, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 


North Carolina. 
+ ANODONTA DARIENSIS Lea. 


*Anodonta dariensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 189; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 230, pl. xxviut, tig. 99; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 48, pl. xx vi1uI, 
fig. 99.—* CLESsIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 118, pl. xxxvu, figs. 3, 4.— 
*B. H.WriGuHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178. 

*Anodon dariensis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x v1, fig. 70. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) dariensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 80. 


Georgia; north Florida. 
Group of Anodonta imbecillis. 


Shell thin, elliptical, sometimes slightly produced near the center of 
the base, pointed behind, with a slight posterior dorsal wing; area of 
the beaks generally flattened though often full; beak sculpture con- 
sisting of several rather delicate, irregular ridges which show a tend- 
ency to break into nodules; epidermis brightand smooth, usually marked 


1The type of A. hallenbeckii is a suleate shell, somewhat constricted at the central 
base, while that of A. gesneri is not constricted and is smoother. The former may be 
slightly diseased, and the museum series of shells appears to absolutely connect the 
two. 

2 First spelled dolearis by Lea, and afterwards changed by him to doliaris. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 635 


with beautiful, delicate, capillary rays; nacre bluish. Animal some- 
times highly colored; gills nearly alike in size, often having a distinct 
- border of different texture; eye-spots on branchial opening generally 
perceptible. 
tANODONTA IMBECILLIS Say. 


Anodonta imbecillis Say, N. Harm. Diss., II, No. 23, 1829, p. 355.—* Conrap, New 
F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 73.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.»—* L. Say, Terr. 
and Fluv. Shells, 1840, p. 13.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 
264.—* H. and A. ApDAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* Ca.kins, Pr. 
Dav. Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 47.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 70, pl. xLrx, 
figs.4,5; xxv, fig. 4.—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.—* PatTEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.—* Stearns, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p. 106.— 
* BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 55, pl. v, fig. 1. ; 

* Margaron (Anodonta) imbecillis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 80. 

* Anodon imbecillis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxvit, fig. 102. 

* +t Anodonta incerta LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 46, pl. v1, fig. 16; * Obs., I, 
1834, p. 158, pl. v1, fig. 16.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* HANLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218.—* PamTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) incerta LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 51; 1838, p. 30. 

*Anodon incerta CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. 

*Anodon incertus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xvuy, fig. 59. 

*Anodon hord« GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H., V, 1855, p. 229; * Otia Conch., 1862, 
p. 218. 

* Anodonta hordeum PTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180. 


Entire Mississippi drainage area; south Michigan; North Carolina 
to Georgia; southwest to Matamoras, Mexico. 


tANODONTA HENRYANA Lea.! 


“Anodonta henryana Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 102; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 373, pl. Lxv1, fig. 198; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 55, pl. LXV1, fig. 
198.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 141, pl. xLv, figs. 5, 6.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* P&#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.— 
* FISCHER and CRossE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 525. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) henryana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 

*Anodon henryana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon.,X VII, 1870, pl. xxx1v, fig. 140.2 


Northeast Mexico; southern Texas. 


tANODONTA GIBBOSA Say.’ 


Anodonta g:bbosa Say, Exp. to St. Peters R., 1824, p. 265, pl. xiv, figs. 3, 4.— 
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25; * CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, 
p. 264.—* H. and A. ApDAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLEssIn, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 74, pl. xviul, fig. 3.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 
1888.—* Pe TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179. 


'Typically very distinct from imbecillis, having the dorsal and basal lines quite 
straight. But there are many intermediate forins which are very hard to place, and 
it is probably only a variety of the latter. 

2Anodonta impura Say, (Disseminator, 1829, p. 355) from Mexico has never been 
figured and was only briefly described. It is quite likely that it is the same as 4. 
henryana. , 

3An exceedingly variable species in form, size, and solidity. 4. dunlapiana seems 
to me to be only a slightly elongated, rather solid form. 


636 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XM. 


* Margarita (Anodonta) gibbosa LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 31. 

*Anodon gibbosa CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) gibbosa LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81. 

*Anodon gibbosus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. 1x, fig. 23. 

“+ Anodonta cowperiana Lna, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 289. 

* Anodonta couperiana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 227, pl. xx, fig. 146; - 
*Obs., If], 1842, p. 65, pl. xx, fig. 46.—* ConrapD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1853, p. 263.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLEss1n, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 148, pl. L, figs. 3, 4.—* B. H. WricuT, Check List, 
1888.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 433, pl. LX xrv, fig. 1. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) couperiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1879, p. 81. 

* Anodonta .cooperiana P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178. 


+ ANODONTA GIBBOSA var. DUNLAPIANA Lea. 


*t Anodonta dunlapiana LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1842, p. 225; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
VIII, 1842, p. 248, pl. xxv, fig. 65; * Obs., IIT, 1842, p. 86, pl. xxvu, fig. 65.— 
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xx11, fig. 87.—* CLEssIN, Conch. 
Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 220, pl. Lxxrv, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 
1888.—* P&TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179. 


South Carolina to Florida. 
(Group of Anodonta suborbiculata.) 


Shell large, compressed, suborbicular, somewhat produced near the 
center of the base, rounded in front and bluntly pointed behind, with a 
slight posterior dorsal wing; beaks flattened, the sculpture consisting 
of a few irregular ridges, which are generally broken into nodules, 
sometimes only corrugated; a well-defined but low posterior ridge sepa- 
rates the smooth, shining area in front from a darker and rougher one 
behind; epidermis with numerous delicate, capillary rays near the 
beaks; muscle scars very large; nacre rather coppery and iridescent; 
palleal line broken, often marked with radiating ridges. Animal 
unknown. ' 


+; ANODONTA SUBORBICULATA Say. 


Anodonta suborbiculata Say, New Harm. Disseminator (newspaper form), January 
29, 1831; Am. Conch. I, No. II, 1831, pl. x1.—* Conrab, New F. W. Shells, 
1834, p. 73.—*FERUsSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* HaNLEYy, Test. Moll., 
1842, p. 222; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 222.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 
1845, p. 18, pl. 10, figs. 1, la.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, 
p. 264.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll, I, 1857, p. 503.—* CLESSIN, Conch, 
Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 160, pl. Li, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185. 

-* Margarita (Anodonta) suborbiculata Say, Syn., 1836, p.52; 1838, p. 31. 

* Anodon suborbiculata CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) suborbiculata Say, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81. 

* 4nodon suborbiculatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. v, fig. 11. 


Nebraska, Iowa; Illinois; south to Louisiana. Abundant locally. 


' Closely related to the imbecillis group, but differing in form, beak sculpture, the 
large muscle scars, and the palleal line. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 637 


(Group of Anodonta woodiana.)' 


Shell oval, inflated, sometimes narrowed in front, pointed behind, 
and often a little produced at the posterior base, slightly winged in the 
post-dorsal region; beaks full, sculptured with numerous strong con- 
centric ridges, which are either straight in the center of the disk or 
slightly doubly looped. There is often a faint posterior ridge, which 
may be double, making the shell feebly biangulate behind; dorsal 
scars one or two under the beaks; muscle scars irregular. 

Animal with the gills large, equal in size, rounded below, free the 
greater part of their length from the abdominal sac, somewhat 
wrinkled; marsupium occupying the entire outer gills, forming thick 
brown pads when filled; palpi large, subelliptical, free from the mantle 
a long way; mantle having a wide, thickened edge; branchial opening 
crowded with dark papilla; anal opening with no papille, but having 
purple ridgesinside; superanal opening closed nearly its whole length.’ 


t ANODONTA WOODIANA Lea. 


*Symphynota woodiana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 42, pl. v, fig. 13; *Obs., 
I, 1834, p. 154, pl. v, fig. 13. 

*Margarita (Anodonta) woodiana LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 48; 1838, p. 29. 

*Anodon woodiana CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.—*SowErRBy, 
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxxv1, fig. 149. 

*Anodonta woodiana HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 215; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 215.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* CLessin, Conch. 
Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 146, pl. xvii, figs. 1, 2. 

*Margaron ( Anodonta) woodiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 47; 1870, p. 75. 

tSymphynota magnifica Lra,? Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 42, pl. v, fig. 14; Obs., 
I, 1834, p. 155, pl. v, fig 14. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) magnifica LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 485; 1838, p. 29. 

*Anodonta magnifica HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 215; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 215.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 1857, p. 503.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, IT, p. 
146, fig. 719.—* SCHRENCK, Reis and F. Am. Lande., II, 1867, p. 718, pl. xxvin, 
figs. 1, 2.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181. 

*Anodon magnifica CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—SoWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxv, fig. 96. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) magnifica LEA, Syn., 1852, p.47; 1870, p. 75. 

*? Anodonta aurata KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 30, pl. v1, fig. 2. 


1 Fischer has made a subgenus Pteranodon (Man. Conch., p. 1003) for A. magnifica, 
but I do not see any need of giving it and the related species any higher rank 
than that of a group. The shell and animal differ but little from those of other 
Anodontas.__ . 

2A group closely agreeing in general characters, but having enormous individual 
variation. Pere Heude has bestowed specific names on a great number of forms, 
most of which are, I think, merely mutations of Lea’s woodiana. Fortunately the 
U. 8. National Museum possesses in the Morelet collection a large series of author’s 
specimens, and the excellent figures in the Conchyliologie Fluviatile Nanking 
enable me to straighten out this difficult group to some extent. 

3 Larger and rather more finely developed than A. woodiana, but the large series 
of material J have examined absolutely connects the two. 


638 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


*? 4nodon rotundatus SWAINSON, Ex. Conch., 2d ed., 1841, pl. xxxvu1. 

*Anodon gibbum BENSON, JI. Asiat. Soc., XXIV, 1855, p. 135. 

*Anodon gibba SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. v1, fig. 13.—HEUDE, Conch. 
Fl. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. 1, fig. 95. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) gibba Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 81.—*von MARTENS, Nov. 
Conch., IV, 1876, p. 159, pl. cx xx VI, figs. 6, 7. 

* Anodonta gibba CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 181, pl. Lx, fig. 4.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179. 

* Anodon tricostatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxv, fig. 98.—* Paria, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186. 

* Anodonta edulis HEUDE, J. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 117. 

*Anodon edulis HEUDE, Conch. F. Nank., I, 1875, pl. vii, fig. 18. 

* Anodonta edulis PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179: 

*t Anodon securiformis HEUDE, Conch. F. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xvii, fig. 39. 

* Anodonta securiformis Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 

*tAnodon nigricans HEUDE, Conch. F. Nank., III, 1877, pl. x1x, fig. 41. 

* Anodonta nigricans PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182. 

*tdnodon piscatorum HEUDE, Conch. F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxv1, fig. 56. 

* Anodon elliptica HEUDE, C.F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxvul, fig. 58. 

*tAnodon fusca HEUDE, C.F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxvul, fig. 59. 

*Anodon friniana HEUDE, C.F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxvii, fig. 60. 

*Anodon joretti HEUDE, C.F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxix, fig. 62. 

*tAnodon striata HEUDE, C. F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxx, fig. 63. 

* Anodonta striata P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185. 

*tAnodon pacifica HEUDE, C. F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxx11, fig. 66. 

*+ Anodon tumida HEUDE, C.F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. xxxv, fig. 69. 

* Anodonta tumida P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186. 

* Anodon subtetragona HEUDE, C.F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. xxxv1, fig. 70. 

*Anodon lineata HEUDE, C. F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. xxxv1, fig. 71. 

* Anodonta lineata PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181. 

* Anodon irregularis HEUDE, C.F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. xxxvul, fig. 73. 

* Anodonta irregularis P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180. 

* Anodon melanochlorea HEUDE, C. F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. xxxvuil, fig. 74. 

* Anodonta melanochlorea PZTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182. 

*tAnodon agricolarum HEUDE, C. F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. XxxIx, fig. 75. 

* Anodonta agricolarum PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176. 

*tAnodon mingorum HEUDE, C. F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. x1, fig. 77. 

*Anodonia mingorum PTEL, C. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 182. 

*Anodon bigibba HEUDE, C.F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. XL, fig. 78. 

* Anodonta bigibba PATEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177. 

*Anodon despecta Hruvk, C.F. Nank., V, 1880, pl. x, fig. 79. 

*Anodon obtusa HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. xLu, fig. 80. 

*Anodon navicella HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. x tI, fig. 81. 

* Anodonta navicula P&TEL, C. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 182. 

*Anodon orbicularis HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. XLII, fig. 82. 

* dnodonta orbicularis PATEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182. 

*Anodon limosa HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. xL111, fig. 83. 

* {nodonta limosa PATEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181. 

*Anodon livida HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. x11, fig. 84. 

* Anodonta livida P&TEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181. 

* 4nodon castanea HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. xxi, fig. 85. 

* Anodonta castanea P&TEL, C. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 177. 

*Anodon minuta HEUDE, C.F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. XLtv, fig. 86. 

*Anodonta minuta PATEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182. 

*+tAnodon succinea HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. xL1Vv, fig. 87. 

*Anodonta succinea PHTEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 639 


*+4nodon chiniana HEuDE, C.F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. xLv, fig. 88. 

* Anodonta chiniana P&TEL, C. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 177. 

* Anodonta scaphydium HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. xXLv1, fig. 89. 

* Anodonta scaphidium PXTEL, C.Sam., III, 1890, p. 184. 

*+4dnodon puerorum HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1880, pl. xLvu, fig. 90. 

*dnodonta puerorum PXTEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 183. 

* Anodon indecora HEupDF, C. F. Nank., VI, 1880, pl. XLvill, fig. 91. 

* Anodonta indecora PXTEL, C. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 180. 

*Anodon sorini HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. xix, fig. 92. 

* Anodonta sorint PHTEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p 185. 

*Anodon rosea HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. 1, fig. 93. 

* 4nodonta rosea PETEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 124. 

* Anodon aubreyi HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Lu, fig. 97. 

* Anodonta aubreyt PATEL, C. Sam.. ILI, 1890, p. 176. 

* 4{nodon confusa HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Liu, fig. 99. 

* Anodonta confusa P&TEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178. 

*Anodon obtusata HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. trv, fig. 100. 

*Anodon rubella HEUDR, C.F. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Liv, fig. 160 bis. 

*Andonta rubella PHTEL, C. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 184. 

*Anodon pulchella HEUDE, C. F. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Lv, fig. 101. 

* Anodonta pulchella P& TEL, C. Sam., III. 1890, p. 183. 

*+Anodon florida HEUDE, C.F. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Lv, fig. 102. 

* Anodonta florida PHTEL, C. Sam., II, 1890, p. 179. 

* Anodonta retusa HEUD*,! J. de Conch., XXXII, 1884, p. 20.—PaTKEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 184. 

* dnodon intermerata HEUDE, C. F. Nank., IX, 1885, pl. Lx vil, fig. 130. 

* Anodonta intermerata Pa TEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180. 

*Anodon filippiana HEUDE, C. F. Nank., IX, 1885, p]. Lx vu, fig. 131. 

* Anodonta filippiana P&TEL, C. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 183. 

* Anodon fantozatiana HEUDE, C. F. Nank , IX, pl. LxIx, fig. 132. 

* Anodonta fantozatiana PATEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179. 


China; Cambodia; Siam; Amoor River? 
+ ANODONTA FENOUILII Heude. 
*Anodon fenouiliti HEUDE, C. F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. x x x1, fig. 64. 
China. 
ANODONTA JOURDYI Morlet. 


* Anodonta jourdyi MORLET, Jl. de Conch., XXXIV, 1886, pp. 76, 288, pl. xv, figs. 1, 
la.—* P&TEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180. 


Tonkin. 
+ ANODONTA LAUTA von Martens. 


* Anodonta lauta VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1877, p. 117; Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., 
X, 1877, p. 152, fig. 1.—* KoBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 434, pl. 
xxI, fig. 1; xxuJ, fig. 1 (var. rostrata).—* PmTEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 191.— 
* VON JHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., X VIII, 1893, p. 150. 

*Anodonta woodiana KOBELT,? Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 433, pl. xx, fig. 
1.—von IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., X VIII, 1893, p. 151. 


Japan. 


! New name for 4. obtusa preoccupied. 
2 This differs from 4. woodiana of Lea, which I think has not been found in Japan. 
I think this is a form of lauta. 


640 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL 


t ANODONTA JAPONICA von Martens. 


* Anodonta japonica VON MARTENS in Clessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 144, pl. 
XLVU, figs. 3,4.—*KOBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 436, pl. xx11, 
fig. 3.—* Pre, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.—* von IHERING, Abh. Senck. 
Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 150, fig. 2. 

* Anodonta cellensis KOBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 437, pl. xxu, 
fig. 4. 

* Anodonta kobelti VON IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., X VIII, 1893, p. 152, fig. 1. 

* Anondonta haconensis VON IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 161, 
fig. 3. 


Japan. 
ANODONTA LUCIDA Heude. 
*Anodon lucida Heup#, C.F. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xx, fig. 43. 
China. 
+ ANODONTA RIVULARIS Heude. 


*Anodon rivularis HEuDE, C.F. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xx, fig. 44. 
* Anodonta rivularis PHTEL, C.Sam., III, 1890, p. 184. 


China. 
+t ANODONTA HARLANDI Baird and Adams. 


* Anodonta harlandi BAIRD and ADAMS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 492, pl. XXvVI, 
figs. 3, 3a.—* P#TEL, C.Sam., III, 1890, p. 180. 
*dAnodon harlandi HEUDE, C.F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxv, fig. 55. 


China. 
ANODONTA GLOBOSULA Heude. 
*Anodon globosula HEUDE, C.F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxv, fig. 54. 
China. 
t ANODONTA EUSCAPHYS Heude. 


*Anodon euscaphys HEUDE, C. F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. xxxv, fig. 68. 
* Anodonta euscaphys HEUDE, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179. 


China. 
ANODONTA FLUMINEA Heude. 


*Anodon fluminea HEUDE, C. F. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xx, fig 42. 
* Anodon torrentis HKuDE, C. F. Nank., IV, 1878, pl. xxx, fig. 61. 
* Anodonta fluminea PHTEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179. 


China. 
ANODONTA PUMILA Heude. 


*Anodon pumila HEUDE, C. F. Nank., V, 1879, pl. xxxvul, fig. 72. 
*Anodonta pumila P&TEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 183. 


China. 
ANODONTA DOLIOLUM Heude. 
* Anodon doliolum HEUDE, C. F. Nank. IV, 1878., pl. xxvu, fig. 57. 
China. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 641 


ANODONTA CALIPYGOS Kobelt. 


*Anodonta calipygos KOBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 435, pl. x1x, fig. 
1.—* P&TEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.—* von IWERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. 
Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 150. 


Japan. 
ANODONTA UNDULIFERA Clessin. 


“Anodonta undulifera CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 233, pl. LXXVI, figs. 1, 2. 
China. 
(Group of Anodonta arceformis.) 


Shell elliptical, with the dorsal and ventral lines parallel, greatly 
inflated, rounded in front, pointed and having a slight dorsal wing 
behind; umbonal region full, but the beaks flattened; the sculpture, 
consisting of numerous ridges, curved in front and nearly following the 
growth lines, then running backward in an almost straight line and 
ending at the low posterior ridge. 

Animal unknown. 


tANODONTA ARCZZFORMIS Heude. 


*Anodon arceformis HEUDE, C.F. Nank., III, 1877, pl. x1x, fig. 40. 
“Anodonta arceformis PATEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176. 


China. 
(Group of Anodonta grandis.) 


Shell oval, inflated, with a slight post-dorsal wing; umbonal region 
inflated; beak sculpture consisting of several coarse, irregular, often 
broken ridges, which are more or less doubly looped and generally 
nodulous, especially at the bases of the loops; epidermis usually rather 
smooth. 

Animal with large gills, inner the larger, especially in front, free 
nearly or quite the entire length of the abdominal sac; palpi large and 
long; mantle much thickened at the border. 


+ANODONTA GRANDIS Say.! 


Anodonta grandis Say, N. Harm. Diss., II, 1829, p. 341.—* Conrap, New F. W. 
Shells, 1834, p. 73.—* FERussAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* L. W. Say, Terr. 
and Fluv. Shells, 1840, p. 12.—* HANLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 220; * Biv. 
Shells, 1843, p. 220.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. 
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLEss1n, Conch. Cab. Ano., 
1873, p. 96, pl. xxx, figs. 1,2 —* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Part, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.—* Bakr, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 51, 
pls. 1, 11, fig. 1; Iv, fig. 1. 


1A species having a very wide distribution and abundant in individuals. It is an 
exceedingly variable form, and a large number of names have been bestowed on its 
mutations, all of which seem to be closely connected. I have retained some of these 
in a varietal sense. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——41 


642 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


* Margarita (Anodonta) grandis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 31. 

*Anodon grandis CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* SowERBy, 
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. 1, fig. 1. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) grandis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 81. 

*t Anodonta ovata LeA,! Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 2, pl. 11, fig. 2; Obs., II, 
1838, p. 2, pl. 11, fig. 2.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839; Pt. 2, p. 238.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 219.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, 
p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* CaLkrns, Pr. 
Ottawa Ac., 1874, p. 47.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 121, pl. xxx1x, 
figs. 2, 3.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182. _ 

* Margarita (Anodonta) ovata LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 30. 

* Anodon ovata CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) ovata LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 80. 

*t Margarita (anodonta) salmonia LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 51; 1838, p. 30.2 

*t Anodonta salmonia LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 45, pl. x1v, fig. 41; * Obs., 
II, 1838, p. 45, pl. x1v, fig. 41.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
238.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila , VI, 
1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 184. 

*Anodon salmonia CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.68.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. x1x, fig. 44. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) salmonia LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 80. 

*t Anodonta lewisit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 84; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 362, pl. LxM, fig. 187.— * Obs., VIII, p. 44, pl. xu, fig. 187.—* CLEs- 
sin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 143, pl. xirx, figs. 5, 6.—* Larcurorp, Tr. 
Ottawa F.N. Club, 1882, p.56.—* B. H. Wrieurt, Check List, 1888.—* Part, 
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 181. 

*Anodon lewisii SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxxv, fig. 142. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) lewisit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 80. 


+ANODONTA GRANDIS var. FOOTIANA Lea. 


* Anodonta footiana Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 289; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
VIII, 1842, p. 225, pl. xx, fig. 44; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 63, pl. xx, fig. 44.— 
* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.503.—* CLEss1n, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 227, pl. LXV 
fig. 5; Lxxiv, fig. 3.—* Larcurorp, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p. 56 — 
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* P@ TEL, Conch. Sam.. III, 1890, p. 179.— 
* BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 54, pl. m1, figs. 2-4; v, fig. 2; vil, tig. 5. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) footiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 49; 1870, p. 78. 

* Anodon footiana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xiv, fig. 48. 

*t Anodonta marryattana LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 289; * Tr. Am. Phil. 
Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 226, pl. xx, fig. 45; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 64, pl. xx, fig. 45.— 
*CONnRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen 
Rec. Moll., IJ., 1857, p. 503.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 72, )!. 
XXVI, figs. 3, 4.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Parry, Conch. Sam., 
Iil, 1890, p. 181. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) marryattana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82. 

* Anodon marryattanus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxviii, fig. 111. 

* Anodonta suleata KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 62, pl. xvi, fig. 1. 


1T have seen Say’s type of 4. grandis, and it appears to be identical with Lea’s 
ovata. 

2This is an ovata which had become diseased internally, probably from the work 
of a Trematod, so that the nacre became roughened or blistered, and generally sal- 
mon colored. S 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON, 643 


* Anodonta nilssonit KUSTER, part, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 61, pl. xX vit, figs. 3, 4. 

* Anodon imbricata ANTHONY, Am. J]. Conch., I, 1865, p. 159, pl. x1v, fig. 1. 

* Anodonta imbricata B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., IIT, 
1890, p. 180. 

* Anodon subinflata ANTHONY, Am. Ji. Conch., I, 1865, p. 160, pl. xv, fig. 1. 

* Anodonta subinflata B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare., Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 185. 

* ? Anodon edentulus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xvi, fig. 60. 

* Anodonta houghtonensis CURRIER, Shell-bearing Moll. Mich., 1881, p. 14, pl. 1, 
fig. 2,—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888. 


+ANODONTA GRANDIS var. LEONENSIS Lea. 


* Anodonta leonensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 169; *JI. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 25, pl. 1x, fig. 24; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 29, pl. 1x, fig. 24.— 
*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 131, pl. x11, figs. 3, 4.—* B. H. Wrieut, 
Check List, 1888.—* Pa&TeL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 181. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) leonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78. 


+ANODONTA GRANDIS var. GIGANTEA Lea.! 


* Anodonta gigantea LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1834, p.1, pl. 1, fig. 1; * Obs., IT, 1838, p. 
1, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 238.—* HaNLEy, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 219.—* CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.— 
* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p.6, pl.1, figs. 1, 2.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 502.— 
~B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PasTeL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 179. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) gigantea LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 31. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) gigantea LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 81. 

* Anodon gigantea SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. vi, fig. 18. 

* Anodon giganteus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxxvuy, fig. 152. 

“+t Anodonta plana? Lra, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 48, pl. vil, fig. 18; Obs., 
I, p. 160, pl. vu, fig. 18.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* HANLEY, 

. Test. Moll., 1842, p. 219.—* H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
503.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 142, pl. xvi, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* PTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 183. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) plana LEA, Syn., 1836, p.52; 1838, p. 30. 

* Anodon plana Dr Kay, Zool. of N.Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 201, pl. xvui, fig. 232.—* Cat- 
Low and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* SowERBY, Conch, Icon., XVII, 
1869, pl. xxIv, fig. 94. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) plana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 80. 

* Anodonta declivis CONRAD, Am. J]. Sci., XXV, 1854, p. 341, pl.1, fig. 11; New F. 
W. Shells, 1834, p.73.—* FERusSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—M6LLER, Syn., 
Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 194.—* ConrapD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. 

*+ Margarita (Anodonta) decora LEA, SYN., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 30. 

* Anodonta decora LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 64, pl. xx, fig. 63; * Obs., IT, 
1838, p. 64, pl. xx, fig. 63.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 238.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 219.—* ConrAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, 
p. 263.—* H. and A. AnAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.502.—*CLzssin, Conch. 
Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 71, pl. x vil, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H. WrIautT, Check List, 1888.— 
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178. 


1A variety of grandis. The type is a large, heavy form, with a considerably 
developed posterior ridge, the shell somewhat truncated above and behind the ridge. 
I have frequently seen such shells which are evidently pathologic. 

? This name is written palna in above citation; a typographical error, no doubt. 


644 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL. 


* Anodon decora CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.—* Sowerby, 
Conch. Icon., X VII, 1869, pl. xx1, fig. 83. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) decora La, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 81. 

*tAnondonta harpethensis Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 289; Tr. Am. Phil. 
Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 224, pl. xx, fig. 42; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 62, pl. x1x, fig. 42.— 
* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. Ree. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 217, pl. LXx11, 
figs. 1, 2.—* B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888:—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 180. 

*Margaron (Anadonta) harpethensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 81. 

* Anodon harpethensis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1869, pl. xx1, fig. 82. 

*Anodon subangulata ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 158, pl. x111, fig. 1. 

* Anodonta subangulata, B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa: rE, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 185. 

* Anodonta opalina KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 60, pl. x v1, figs. 1, 2. 

*Anodon opalina ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 159, pl. xiv, fig. 2.—~ B. H. 
WriGcurt, Check List, 1888.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182.: 

*Anadon menieliti ANTHONY, Am. J1. Conch., II, 1866, p. 144, pl. v1, fig. 1. 

*Anodon subgibbosa ANTHONY Am. Jl. Conch., II, 1866, p. 144, pl. v1, fig. 2. 

* Anodonta subgibbosa B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 
1890, p. 185. 

* dnodon subgibbosus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VIII, 1870, pi. xxvit, fig. 107. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) subglobosa Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 81.” 

*Anodon inornata ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., II, 1866, p. 145, pl. vu, fig. 1. 

* Anodonta ovata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1868, pl. xxu, fig. 85. 


+ANODONTA GRANDIS var. BENEDICTENSIS Lea. 


*Symphynota benedictensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V., 1834, p. 104, pl. xvi, fig. 48; 
* Obs., I, 1834, p. 216, pl. xvi, fig. 48. 

* Anodonta benedictensis FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* HANLEY, Test. 
Moll., I, 1842, p. 216.—* C. B. ADAMs, Thompson’s Hist. Vt., 1842, p. 164; F. W. 
and L. S. of Vt., p. 14.—* DE Kay, Zool. N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 204, pl. x vim, fig. 
235.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 216.—* Stimpson, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, 
p. 15.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.—* H. and A. ADAms, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* CLEessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 163, 
pl. Liv, figs. 1, 2.—* PasTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) benedictensis Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 28; 1838, p. 29. 

* Anodon benedictensis CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.—* Sow- 
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxv, fig. 99. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) benedictensis Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 47. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) benedictii Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 75. 

* Anodonta benedictii LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Cl., 1882, p. 55.—~ B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

Anodonta cultrata GOULD, in letter. 


Entire Mississippi system; Upper St. Lawrence drainage; Red River 
ofthe North; Lake Winnipeg; Manitoba; southwest to Texas; south- 
east Pennsylvania? ? ) 

t ANODONTA BEALEI Lea. 


* Anodonta bealet Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 194; * J]. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 26, pl. rx, fig. 25; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 30, pl. 1x, fig. 25.— 


1 Kuster and Anthony appear to have applied the same name independently to this 
species. 
2As of Anthony. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 645 


* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 132, pl. XLIV, figs. 5, 6.—* B. H. Wrignt, 
_ Check List, 1888.—* P2zTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176. 
*Margaron (Anodonta) bealei LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 


Texas to Kansas. 
+ANODONTA TEXASENSIS Lea.! 


* Anodonta texasensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 113; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 366, pl. Lx11, fig. 191; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 48, pl. Lxin, 
fig. 191.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 109, pl. Xxx1II, figs. 7, 8.— 
*B. H. WriGcut, Check List, 1888.—* P# TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185. 

* Anodon texasensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxxv1, fig. 146. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) texasensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 


Texas. 
tANODONTA DANIELSII Lea. 


* Anodonta danielsii Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 139; * Jl. Ac, N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 365, pl. Lx1u11, fig. 190; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 47, pl. LXxin, 
fig. 190.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 108, pl. xxxu1I, figs. 1, 2.— 
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) danielsiit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78. 

* Anodonta danielsii SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxxvI, fig. 148. 

* Margaritana danielsii PasrEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 


Kansas; Indian Territory. 


t ANODONTA OPACA Lea. 


* Anodonta opaca LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 285, pl. xxv, fig. 46; * Obs., 
V, 1852, p. 41, pl. xxv, fig. 46.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 
264.—* H.and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* CLEssin, Conch. 
Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 209, pl. LXIV, figs. 1, 2" B. H. Wricut, Check ES, 1888. 

* Margaron Cia, opaca LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 80. 


Louisiana; Mississippi; north to Kansas. 


+t ANODONTA STEWARTIANA Lea. 


* Anodonta stewartiana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 47, pl. vi, fig. 17; Obs., 
I, 1834, p. 159, pl. vi, fig. 17.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* HAN- 
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 220; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 220.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
503.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, pl. xLVuI, figs. 3, 4.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) stewartiana LEA, Syn., 1836, p.52; 1838, p. 31. 

* Anodon stewartiana CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68. 

* Anodon stewartianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xx x11, fig. 133. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) stewartiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81. 

*t Anodonta virens Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 290, pl. xvuII, fig.53; *Obs., 
V, 1852, p. 46, pl. xxvill, fig. 53.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, 
p. 267.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 503.—* B. H. WriGutT, 
Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) virens LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81. 

*Anodon virens SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxx1v, fig. 138. 


Arkansas; Louisiana; Texas. 


1A very young, broken shell, greatly inflated in the post basal region, is all that 
Lea has in his collection. It may be a distinct species, or a mere variety of grandis. 


646 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


t ANODONTA CORPULENTA Cooper. 


* Anodonta corpulenta COOPER, App. to Narrative, Exp. Miss. to It. L., 1854, p. 
154.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 193.—* COOPER, Second App. School. 
Expl. Exp., 1855, p.516.—* CaLkins, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p.47.—* B. H. 
WriaGut, Check List, 1888. 

* Anodon corpulenta SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xx xu, fig. 129. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) corpulenta Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 


Missouri River; Upper Mississippi River drainage; east to Indiana; 
Tyler, Texas.?. Appears to be replaced in the South by A. stewartiana. 


t ANODONTA LINNEANA Lea. 


*Anodonta linneana Lira, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1852, p. 289, pl. xxvii, fig. 51; 
*Obs., V, 1852, p. 45, pl. LXX VII, fig. 51.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLEssin, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 117, pl. xxxv1, figs. 5, 6.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check 
List, 1888.—* Parr, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) linneana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81. 

*Anodon linneanus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxxv, fig. 144. 


Louisiana; Texas. 
+t ANODONTA GLOBOSA Lea. 


* Margarita (Anodonta) globosa LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 52. 

* Anodonta globosa Lva, Pr. Am. Phil. Soe., II, 1841, p. 31; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soe., 
VIII, 1842, p. 241, pl. xxiv, fig.56; *Obs., ITT, 1842, p. 79, pl. xx1v, fig. 56.—-* H. 
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 
1875, p. 213, pl. LXV, figs. 3,4.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.—* FiscHErR and CROssE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, I, 
1894, p. 529, pl. Lx vu, figs. 1, la. 

*Anodon globosa CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. Xxxv, fig. 141. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) globosa LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81. 

*+dnodon nopalatensis SOWERBY,! Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xvi, fig. 58.— 
* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 223, pl. Lx x10, fig. 3.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182.—* FISCHER and 
CrossF, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 531. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) nopalatensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 


Mexico. 


ANODONTA TABASCOENSIS Morelet. 


* Anodonta tabascoensis MORELET, Jl. de Conch., XXXII, 1884, p. 124.—* Pa&TEL, 
Conch: Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.—* FiscHER and Crossk, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 


1894, p. 530, pl. LXII, fig. 1. 


Tabasco, Mexico. 


'Lea’s globosa is a young shell. Sowerby’s nopalatensis is the adult. There is a 
magnificent specimen in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sci- 
ences, 7+ inches long and 53} inches high. 


No. 1208. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 647 


ANODONTA MICANS Anthony. 


* Anodonta micans ANTHONY, Am. JI. Conch., I, 1865, p. 162, pl. x v1, fig. 1.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 
*Margaron (Anodonta) micans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78. 


Said to come from Texas. Ido not know it, nor where it groups, 
though it seems something like A. kennicottit. 


ANODONTA LURULENTA Morelet. 


* Anodonta lurulenta MORELET, Test. Nov. Pt. 1, 1829, p. 28.—* FISCHER and CROSSE, 
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, I, 1894, p. 525, pl. Lx1v, figs. 6, 6a. 


Guatemala; Yucatan. 


tANODONTA KENNICOTTII Lea. 


“Anodonta kennicottit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 56; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 214, pl. xxxuu1, fig. 283; * Obs., [X, 1863, p. <6, pl. XXXII, 
fig. 283.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 153, pl. XLIXx, figs. 3, 4.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) kennicottii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78. 

*t Anodonta simpsoniana Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.56; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 212, pl. xxx1I, fig. 281; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 34, pl. xx x11, fig. 
281.—*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 119, pl. Xxxvu, figs. 5, 6.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) simpsoniana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78. 

*Anodon simpsonianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xx xvil, fig. 153. © 

*t Anodonta dallasiana LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 190; *J1l. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 29, pl. x1, fig. 28; *Obs., XI, 1863, p.33, pl. x1, fig. 28.— 
*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 107, pl. xx x11, figs. 3, 4.—* B. H.WrIGuT, 
Check List, 1888.—* P#® TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178. ; 
*Margaron (Anodonta) dallasiana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 78. 


Upper and middle St. Lawrence River system; northwest into the 
Mackenzie drainage. 


tANODONTA PEPINIANA Lea. 


*4nodonta pepinianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 96, pl. xv1, fig. 51.— 
* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, II, p. 239. 

* Anodon pepinianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxxv1, fig. 150. 

* Anodonta pepiniana LEA, Obs., II, 1838, p.96, pl. x v1, fig. 51.—HANLEY, Test. Moll., 
1842, p. 220; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 220.—*ConrabD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, 
p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 503.—*CLEssIN, Conch. 
Cab. Ano., 1874,p. 158, pl. Lim, figs. 1,2.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.— 
* PEHTEL, Conch.Sam., III, 1890, p. 183. 

“Margarita (Anodonta) pepiniana LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 30. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) pepiniana LEA, Syn., 1872, p.49; 1850, p. 78.! 


Upper and middle St. Lawrence drainage; Lake Winnipeg. 


' Although this resembles to some extent the so-called Anodonta modesta, and is 
sometimes slightly incurved in front of the beaks, the beak sculpture is that of the 
A. grandis group, and quite different from that of A. modesta. 


648 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


ANODONTA LUGUBRIS Say. 

Anodonta lugubris Say, N. Harm. Diss. II, 1829, p. 340.! 
The following are indeterminate and spurious Anodontas: 

*Anodon anatinus SowERBY, Rich. Faun. Borealé Am., III, 1836, p. 316. 
Saskatchewan River; probably A. implicata. 

* Anodonta apollonica BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Aceph. Eur., 1881, p. 91. 
Asia Minor. 

* Anodonta aureus P®TEL, C.Sam., III, 1890, p. 176. 
China. 


* Anodonta brandti DROUET, Jl. de Conch., 1888, p. 108. 

* Anodonta callifera VON MARTENS, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, p. 15. 

* Anodonta chantrei BOURGUIGNAT, J. de Conch., 1883, p. 187. 

* Anodonta chinensis PTEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177. 

* dnodon cochlearis SOWERBY, C. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxxiH1, fig. 185. Probably a 
glabaris. 

* Anodonta cornea PHILIPPI, Menke’s Zeits., 1848, p. 130. 

* Anodonta curvatus JAY, Cat., 1850, p. 27. 

Anodon dalei LESSON, Oeuvres Buffon, I, p. 155, pl. 111, fig. 1.? 

* Anodonta dignota RAFINESQUE, Cont. Mon., 1831, p. 6. 

* Anodonta fragilis FITZINGER, Syst. Verz., 1833, p. 120. _ 

*Anodonta gallandi BOURGUIGNAT, Mat. Aceph. Eur., 1881, p. 95. 

* Anodonta hockingensis Cau, Am. Nat., 1880, p.529, Moore, manuscript. Accord- 
ing to Call, it is 4. grandis Say. 

* Anodonta inflata RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 6. 

* Anodonta laminata ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom., VI, 1882, p. 40. 

* Anodonta martenst CLESSIN, C. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 181, pl. Lx101, fig. 2. 

* Anodonta ohioensis RAFINESQUE, An. Gen. Sci, Brux., V, 1820, p. 316. 

Anodonta ovata STARK, Elements Nat. Hist., II, 1822, p. 90. 

*Anodon pictus SWAINSON, Ex. Conch., 2d ed., 1841, p. 39. 

* Anodonta polymorpha LEA, Syn., 1870, p.84. Credited to Kuster. Where? 

* Anodonta pseudodontopsis BOURGUIGNAT, Jl. de Conch., 1883, p. 187. 

* Anodontites radiata VALENCIENNES, Enc. Meth., 1824, p. 147, pl. cc1il, fig. 4= 
Modiolaria nigra. 

* Anodonta recurvirostra LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 84; Kuster. (?). 

* Anodonta rugifera DUNKER, Mal. B1., 1858, p. 225. Probably a Spatha. 

* Anodonta schlaflii Mousson, J. de Conch., 1874, p. 51. 

* Anodonta sedakowi SIECMASCHKO, Bull. de Ac. Petersb., 1849, p. 225. 

* Anodonta somersi CALL, Am. Nat., 1880, p. 529, credited to Moore, manuscript, 
A. grandis fide Call. . 

* Anodonta subrostrata PHILipPi, Mal. BI., 1869, p. 39. 

* Anodonta subsinuata PHiLipPi, Mal. B1., 1869, p. 41. A glabaris probably. 

* Anodonta sulcosa H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Mol1., II, 1857, p.503. Said to be of 
Conrad. Where? 

* Anodon triangularis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xv, fig. 56. 

*Anodonta trigona HELD, Isis., 1836, p. 280, 4. cygnea probably. The name was 
used by Spix in 1827. 


1T do not know what this is. It is said to come from the Cumberland River, and 
is very likely one of the forms of A. grandis. I have omitted the synonymy. 


ae OS ee) 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DES—SIMPSON. 649 


* Anodonta truncata KUSTER, Faun. Dalm., 1866, p. 131. 

* Anodonta tunizana MORELET, J. de Conch., 1864, p. 156, 
_ * Anodonta viridis H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503, asof Lea. Lea 

did not describe it. 
Genus COLLETOPTERUM Bourguignat, 1881. 
(Type, Anodonta letourneuxit Bourguignat. ) 

Colletopterum BoURGUIGNAT, Lettres Malacologiques, 1881, p. 45. 

Shell inflated, thin, winged in front and behind, hinge arched, very 
short, without teeth, but with a feeble lateral lamella shown in pro- 
nounced relief; ligament internal. 

Animal unknown. 


COLLETOPTERUM LETOURNEUXI Bourguignat. 


Anodonta letourneuxi BOURGUIGNAT, Annales Mal., I, 1870, p. 76. 

* Anodonta (Colletopterum) letourneuxt WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 1890, Pt. 7, 
p. 310. 

Colletopterum letourneuxt BOURGUIGNAT, Lett. Mal., 1882, p. 46; * Bull. Soc. Mal. 
Fr., VII, 1890, pl. v1, figs. 1, 2. 


-Servia, at Belgrade. 
COLLETOPTERUM PRACLARUM Bourguignat. 


Anodonta preclara BOURGUIGNAT, Ann. Mal., I, 1870, p. 78. 
* Anodonta (Colletopterum) preclara, WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 1890, Pt.7, p.310. 
Colletopterum praclarum BOURGUIGNAT, Lett. Mal., 1882, p. 46. 


Bulgaria, at Rutschuk. 
COLLETOPTERUM EXIMIUM Bourguignat. 


Anodonta eximia BOURGUIGNAT, Ann. Mal., I, 1870, p. 80. 
* Anodonta (Colletopterum) eximia WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 1890, Pt.7 p. 310. 


Wallachia at Giurgevo. 
COLLETOPTERUM TANOUSI Bourguignat. 


Anodonta tanousi BOURGUIGNAT, Ann. Mal., I, 1870. 
* Anodonta (Colletopterum) tanoust WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 1890, Pt. 7, p. 311. 


Servia at Belgrade.' 


Genus GABILLOTIA Servain, 1890. 
(Type, Anodonta pseudodopsis Locard.) 
Gabillotia SERVAIN, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VII, 1890, p. 296. 


Shell large, subsolid, subcompressed, more or less rhomboid gaping 
behind; beaks low, with fine, broken, concentric sculpture; epidermis 


-1T am wholly unacquainted with this genus. All the species are from the Danube, 
and if the characters are accurately given it may possibly be a valid genus, though 
Westerlund gives it subgeneric rank under Anodonta. It is more than likely, how- 
ever, that all the so-called species are merely specimens of the well-known Anodonta 
cygnea, having a dorsal wing which conceals the ligament, and something which 
may be vestiges of lateral teeth. Such examples occur among Anodontas in other 
parts of the world. 


650 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


shining; teeth rudimentary, one in each valve, sometimes rather sharp 
pointed and flattened; hinge with occasional vestiges of laterals; epi- 
dermal matter mingled with the nacre on the hinge; nacre brilliant, 
often finely radially ridged, especially at the palleal line. 

Animal unknown. 


GABILLOTIA PSEUDODOPSIS Locard. 3 
* 4nodonta pseudodopsis LOCARD, Mal. d’laes Tib., 1883, p. 61, pl. x1xbis., figs. 
1-3. z 
*Gabillotia pseudodopsis, SERVAIN, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VII, 1890, p. 296, fig. 


Syria. 


GABILLOTIA LOCARDI Servain. 
*Gabillotia locardi SERVAIN, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VIT, 1890, p. 296, pl. v, figs. 1, 2. 
Asia Minor. a 
GABILLOTIA OPPERTI Bourguignat. } 


* Unio opperti Bourguignat, Rev. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p.71, pls. vil, fig. 6; 1X, fig. 1. 
*Pseudodon opperti WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 182. 
*Margaritana opperti Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 

*Margaritana euphratica KOBELT, Icon., new ed., II, 1886, p. 26, pl. XLv, fig. 266. 


Kuphrates River. 


+GABILLIOTIA EUPHRATICA Bourguignat. 


* Unio euphraticus BOURGUIGNAT, Test. Nov., 1852, p. 28; * Cat. Rais., 1853, p. 75, 
pl. 1v, figs. 1-3; * Rev. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 72. 

* Pseudodon euphratica CONRAD, Am, JI. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. 

Margaritana euphratica VON MARTENS, Vorderas Conch., 1874, p.*—KoBE.7, 
Icon., new ed., II, 1886, p. 26, pl. xiv, fig. 266.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 173. ; 

* Leguminaia euphratica WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 188. 

* Unio churchillianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcv1, fig. 526. 


| GABILLOTIA EUPHRATICA var. CHURCHILLIANUS Bourguignat. 


* Unio churchillianus BOURGUIGNAT, Rey. et Mag., 1857, p. 18, pl. 11, figs. 1-4.— 
*PTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

* Pseudodon churchillianus WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt .7, 1890, p. 183. 

"+t Monocondylwa rhomboidea Lea, Pr. Ac. N.Sci., Phila., III, 1859, p. 187; *Jl. Ac. 
N. Sci., Phila., IV, 1860, p. 263, pl. xu, fig. 143; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 81, pl. 
XLII, fig. 143. 

* Margaron (Monocondylea) rhomboidea LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 72. 

* Microcondylwa rhomboidea PasrEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. 

* Leguminaia rhomboidea KOBELT, Icon., new ed., VI, 1893, p. 94, pl. CLXX VIM, figs. 
1124, 1125. 

*Unio rhomboideus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxIXx, fig. 480. 

* Pseudodon rhomboideus WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, pl. vu, 1890, p. 183. 


Asiatic Turkey. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 651 


Genus LEGUMINATA Conrad, 1865. 
(Type, Monocondylea mardinensis Lea. ) 


Leguminaia CONRAD, Am. J1. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. 
Microcondylwa VEST, Verh. Mitth. Sieben. Ver. Nat., 1866, p. 201. 
Microcondylus DROUET, Jl. de Conch., 1879, p. 138. 

Shell rhomboid-elliptical, slightly biangulate behind; posterior ridge 
faint and double; beaks anterior, sculptured with fine, concentric ridges 
which are sometimes slightly corrugated, but which show a tendency 
to form two rounded loops; surface smooth or with very faint corruga- 
tions on the posterior slope; epidermis rayless or nearly so; a single 
tooth in each valve, that in the left under the beak, that in the right in 
front of it, teeth smooth; epidermal and ligamentary matter mingled 
with the nacre along the hinge; the two front anterior muscle scars 
united, the hinder distinct, posterior scars faint; beak cavities shallow; 
dorsal scars few, irregularly disposed. 

Animal with the outer branchize adherent to the mantle throughout 
their entire length; inner free from the abdominal sac. (Drouet.) 


Section LEGUMINAIA Conrad, 1865. 


(Type, Monocondylea mardinensis Lea.) 


Shell somewhat solid, elliptical torhomboid; beaks rather full; teeth 
strong, with sometimes a slight secondary tooth in the left valve, well 
in front. 


Group of Leguminaia mardinensis. 
Characters as in the subgenus. 


{| LEGUMINAIA MARDINENSIS Lea. 


* Monocondylwa mardinensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N.Sci., Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 286; *J1. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1869, p. 252, pl. xxx, fig.67; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 12, pl. xxx, 
fig. 67. 

*Leguminaia mardinensis CONRAD, Am. JI. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233.—* Locarp, Arch. 
Mus. Lyon., III, 1883, p. 250.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt.7,1890,p.188.— 
KOBELT, Icon., new ed., VI, 1893, p. 92, pl. CcLX XVII, figs. 1122, 1123. 

*Margaron (Monocondylea) mardinensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 73. 

* Margaritana mardinensis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 266, pl. LX x xTII, figs. 
1, 2.—* PaTrE., Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 


LEGUMINAIA MARDINENSIS var. CHANTREI Locard. 


*Leguminaia chantret Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 252, pl. x1xbis, figs. 
8-10.—* KoBELT, Icon, Ist sup., 1895, p. 23, pl. Iv, fig. 3.—* WESTERLUND, 
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 198. 

*Monocondylea chantreyt Pa: TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 174. 

*Leguminaia bourguignatti Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 252, pl. xtxbis, 
figs. 11-18.—WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 189. 


Southern Turkey in Asia. 


652 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


LEGUMINAIA TRIPOLITANA Bourguignat.! 


*Unio tripolitanus BOURGUIGNAT, Test. Noy., 1852, p. 28; * Cat. Rais., 1853, p. 75, 
= pl. ry, figs. 12, 12a; * Rev. et Mag., 1856, p. 72.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 155. 
*Pseudodon tripolitanus CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch.., I, 1865, p. 233. 
* Margaritana tripolitana CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 265, pl. LXxxv, figs. 
6, 7.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 
*Leguminaia tripolitana WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 190. 


Tripoli, Syria. 


tLEGUMINAIA WHEATLEYI Lea. 


*Monocondylwa wheatleyi Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci, Phila., VI, 1862, p. 176; * JI. Ac. 
N. Sci., Phila., V, 1863, p. 400, pl. 1, fig. 307; * Obs., X, 1863, p. 34, pl. L, fig. 307. 

* Pseudodon wheatleyi CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. 

* Margaron ( Monocondylwa) wheatleyi Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 72. 

* Microcondylwa (Margaritana) wheatleyi CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 259, 
pl. Lx xx], figs. 1, 2. 

*Mycrocondylea wheatleyt PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. 

*Lequminaia wheatleyt Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, ITI, 1883, p. 276.—WeEsTER- 
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 189. 


Southern Turkey in Asia. 


LEGUMINAIA SAULCYI Bourguignat. 


*Unio saulcyi BOURGUIGNAT, Test. Noviss., 1852, p.27; *Cat. Rais., 1853, p. 74, pl. 
111, figs. 1-3.—* TRISTRAM, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 544. 

* Pseudodon saulcyt CONRAD, Am. J]. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. 

* Margaron (Monocondylea) sauleyi Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 72. 

*Micrecondylwa saulcyt CLESSIN, Conch. Cab Ano., 1876, p. 260, pl. LXxxvI1, figs. 
4, 5.—* Paren, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., 
IJ, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 190. 


Syria. 
LEGUMINAIA MICHONII Bourguignat. 


* Unio michonit BOURGUIGNAT, Test. Nov., 1852, p. 27; * Cat. Rais., 1853, p. 74, pl. 
111, figs. 10-12; Rev. et. Mag., 1856, p. 72. 

* Pseudodon michoniti CONRAD, Am. J1., I, 1865, p. 233. 

*Margaritana michonii PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 

*Leguminaia michonti WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 190. 


Jaffa, Syria. 


(Group of Leguminaia locardi.) 


Shell- nearly evenly elliptical, somewhat inflated, rather thin, sub- 
transparent; beaks near the center, rather full, curved forward, with 
irregular undulations; epidermis bright yellowish brown; nacre bril- 
liant; pseudocardinals very obtuse, rather prominent and thick. 


‘Probably a mere variety of L. mardinensis. 


NO. 1205, SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 653 


LEGUMINAIA LOCARDI Simpson. 


*Pseudodon chantrei LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 254, pl. xrxbis, figs. 
4—7,!—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., IT, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 183. 


Lake Antioch, Syria. 
Section MICROCONDYLZEA Vest, 1866. 
(Type, Anodonta uniopsis LAMARCK.?) 


Shell inequilateral, elongate, subrhomboid or elliptical, compressed, 
rather thin, with low beaks; teeth rudimentary, much compressed, a 
single one in each valve; nacre bluish or purplish white. 

Animal, as in typical Leguminaia. 


+ LEGUMINAIA UNIOPSIS Lamarck.’ 


“Anodonta uniopsis LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 86.—* HANLEy, Test. 
Moll., 1842, p. 217; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 217.—* DEsHaAyYEs, Tr. Element., II, 
1853, p. 218, pl. xxx, fig. 4.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
503.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) wniopsis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 50; 1838, p. 30. 

* 4Anodon uniopsis CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) uniopsis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 49; 1870, p. 78. 

“Unio depressa C. PFEIFFER, Nat. Deuts. Moll., 1825, Pt. 2, p. 32, pl. v111, figs. 3, 4.4 

*Leguminaia depressa WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 191. 

* Alasmodonta compressa MENKE, Syn., 1828, p. 106.—* Porro, Mal. Como., 1838, p. 
113.—* STaBILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 60, pl. 11, fig. 71. 

*Unio bonelli ROSSMASSLER, Icon., II, 1835, p. 24, pl. 1x, fig. 134.5—* HANLEY, Test. 
Moll, 1842, p. 212; * Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 212, pl. x x111, fig. 59.—* CaTLow and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 
LXXIX, fig. 414. 

*Margarita (Margaritana) bonelliti LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 45; 1838, p. 27. 

*Margaritana bonellii Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 296, pl. xcrx, fig. 1.— 
* KOBELT, Icon., 1884, p. 62, pl. Xxv, figs. 208, 209; xxv1, fig. 210. 

*Margaron (Margaritana) bonelliit LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 435; 1870, p. 72. 

*Baphia bonellii H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 498. 


1Locard described this as a Pseudodon, and previously in the same year described 
a Leguminaia chantrei, which seems to me to be a mere variety of L. mardinensis. As 
both are undoubtedly Leguminaias, and as the present species was the last described, 
I am compelled to change its name. 

?Lamarck’s brief description of Anodonta uniopsis entirely agrees with the shell 
commonly known as Microcondylwa or Monocondylewa bonelli. The statement that the 
ligament passes into the hinge exactly fits this, and this is one of the best generic 
characters of Leguminaia. 

>The amount of variation of this species is very great. In many cases the poste- 
rior end has evidently been injured by unfavorable environment, and the shell is 
dwarfed and variously distorted, and sometimes a good deal thickened. Of course 
every individual variation and distortion of this kind has been seized on by the New 
School and elevated to specific rank. I have seen only what seemed to me a single 
species of this subgenus, and nothing which really was worthy of a varietal name. 

4Credited to Muhlfeld in literature. 

5Credited by Rossmiissler to Ferussac, but without other reference. Lea says 
Ferussac’s manuscript labels, neither of which constitutes a published description. 


654 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


* Anodon bonelli SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x1, fig. 34. 

* Microcondylaea bonelli CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1861, p. 257; Moll. Osterr., 1887, 
p. 719, figs. 486, 487. —* Pa Te, Conch. Sam. III, 1890, p. 175. 

*Microcondylus bonelli Drover, Jl. de Conch., xxv1, 1879, p. 138; min Italie, 


1885, p. 110. : 
*Margaritana (Microcondylaea) bonellii KOBELT, Icon., 1884, p. 62, pl. xxv, figs. 
208, 209. 


*Leguminaia bonellii WESTERLUND Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 191. 


South central Europe. 


Genus LASTENA Rafinesque, 1820. 
(Type, Lastena lata Rafinesque. ) 


Lastena RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p. 316. 
Odatelia RAFINESQUE, Atlantic Jl. and Friend., 1832, p. 154. 
Leptodea (Rafinesque) CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 262. 


Shell elongated, subsolid, inequilatural, generally wider in front, 
rounded-truncate at anterior base, pointed at post-basal region, and 
having a low posterior ridge, with one or more secondary ridges above 
it; beaks low, sculpture consisting of a few coarse, irregular, longi- 
tudinal folds; epidermis shining, often rayed; a single imperfect tooth 
occurs in each valve, and sometimes vestiges of laterals; there is one 
roughened dorsal scar in the shallow beak cavity; muscle sears very 
large, deep and distinct, the posterior greatly elongated; nacre pur- 
plish, shading to blue at the edge; palleal line radially ridged. 

Animal with very long branchiz, inner and outer about alike in size 
and form, projecting free slightly behind, the inner free from the abdom- 
inal sac nearly the whole length, brownish throughout; palpi long, 
large; mantle thickened at edge, brown, black above; branchial opening 
large, with heavy papille; anal opening large, without papillz; super- 
anal opening united below; foot very large when living, club-shaped, 
capable of great extension. No gravid specimens have been seen, but 
the outer branchiz are probably used as a marsupium. 


tLASTENA LATA Rafinesque. 


“Anodonta (Lastena) lata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 317, 
pl. Lxxxul, figs. 17, 18. 

* Anodonta lata FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., 
IJI, 1845, p. 26, pl. 111, figs. 17, 18. 

* Leptodea lata CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262. 

*Anodon lata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon. XVII, 1867, pl. x1x, fig. 76. 

*Unio latus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.— 
* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 388, pl. LXVU, fig. 5. 

Unio dehiscens Say, N. Harm. Diss., II, 1829, p. 308; *Am. Conch., III, 1830, pl. 
xx1v.—* DesHayes, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 554; 3d ed., II, 1839, 
p- 674.—* HanLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 204; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 204, pl. 
xXI, fig. 36.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 32, pl. 1x, figs. 7-9.— 
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.58.—* SOwWERBY, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1868, pl. LxXxv, fig. 393. . 

* Margarita (Unio) dehiscens LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 35; 1838, p. 23. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 655 


* Hemilastena dehiscens AGassiz, Arch. fiir Nat., I, 1852, p.50. 

* Margaron (Margaritana) dehiscens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 43; 1870, p. 69. 

*Baphia dehiscens H. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499. 

*Margaritana dehiscens CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p.274, pl. xx1v, figs. 
3,4.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 173. 

* Anodonta dehiscens PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178. 

*+Unio oriens Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 73, pl. v1, fig.5; Obs., I, 1834, p. 
83, pl. v1, fig. 5.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xIv, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.— KuSTER, 
Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 222, pl. Lxxv, fig. 2.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 
1868, pl. Lx111, fig. 314. 

* Unio hildrethi DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. xx, figs. 4a, 4b. 


Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems. 


Genus SOLENAIA Conrad, 1868. 
(Type, Mycetopus emarginatus Lea.) 
Solenaia CoNRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., IV, 1869, p. 249. 


Shell greatly elongated, falcate, rather thin, narrower and rounded 
in front, the upper anterior portion being strongly sulcate, gaping at 
anterior base and behind, having a strong posterior ridge that ends in 
a point at the post base; beaks low; sculpture of slightly double-looped 
concentric ridges; epidermis rayless; hinge line narrow; teeth rudi- 
mentary, being mere vestiges of one or more lamellar laterals in each — 
valve; dorsal scars numerous, in a line under the hinge; anterior scars 
faint; posterior elongated; palleal line with a distinct posterior sinus. 

According to Fischer the foot is enormously developed for the purpose 
of burrowing, asin Mycetopoda. Itis probable that the mantle is closed 
behind into two siphons. 


(Group of Solenaia emarginata.) 


Anterior region much narrowed, drawn out in the direction of the 
anterior base. marked off from the rest of the shell by a faint ridge. 


+SOLENAIA EMARGINATA Lea. 


*Mycetopus emarginatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 308; *J1. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., V, 1863, p. 398, pl. L, fig. 305; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 34, pl. 1, fig. 
305.—SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 1, fig. 6.—* FIscHER, J]. de 
Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186. 

* Platiris (Alycetopus) emarginatus LEA. 

* Anodonta emarginatus CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 169, pl. Lv, figs. 5, 6. 

* Mycetopus (Solenaia) emarginatus FiscHER, Bull. Soc. d’Autun, IV, 1891, p. 135. 


Siam. 


656 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI. 


+SOLENAIA FALCATA Higgins. 


* Mycetopus falcatus H1GGIns, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1868, p. 179, pl. x1v, fig. 6.'— 
SoweErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Iv, fig. 9.—*CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 
1875, p. 204, pl. LXvUl, figs. 1,2.—* FIscHER, J]. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 
8.—* P £TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186. ; 

*Platiris (Mycetopus) falcatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 90. 


‘Southeastern Asia. ? 


(Group of Solenaia soleniformis.) - 


Shell only slightly narrowed in front, the narrow area not distinctly 
marked off from the rest of the shell. 


+SOLENAIA SOLENIFORMIS Benson. 


* Anodonta soleniformis BENSON, JI. As. Soc. Bengal, V, 1836, p. 749. 

*Spatha soleniformis HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p.5, pl. 1x, fig. 1. 
* Mycetopus soleniformis FiscuER, Jl. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 94. 

* Margaron (Unio) bensoni LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57. 

*Mycetopus bensonianus P&TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186. 


Assam, India. 
t SOLENAIA OLEIVORA Heude. 


*Mycetopus oleivorus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xx11, fig. 46; 
XXIII, fig. 48.—* FiscoEr, Jl. de Conch, XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187. 

*+Mycetopus recognitus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xxu, fig. 47.— 
* FIscHER, J]. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 11.—* P& TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 187. 

*Mycetopus ceruleus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., IX, 1885, pl. Lxx1, fig. 135.— 
* Fiscuer, Jl. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 11.—* Part, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 186. 

* Mycetopus armatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., IX, 1885, pl. Lxx, fig. 133.” 

*Mycetopus arcuatus FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11.—P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186. 

*Mycetopus viridis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., IX, 1885, pl. Lxx1, fig. 136.— 
* FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 11.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 187. 

*Mycetopus succineus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., IX, 1885, pl. Lxx, fig. 184.— 
*F1scHER, Jl. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 11.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 
1890, p. 187. 


China. 


1Said to come from forest streams near Chyavetas, Upper Amazon, and to have 
been discovered by Mr. Bartlett. I can not believe that it is a South American 
species at all, but rather that it is from southeastern Asia, as it is an almost exact 
miniature copy of S. emarginatus Lea from that region, having its texture, and not 
the suft, shining appearance of the Mycetopodas. It was described with a miscella- 
neous lot of shells from various localities, and that given for this is, I think, 
erroneous. 

2M, arcuatus Heude in explanation of plate. 


NO, 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 657 


tSOLENAIA IRIDINEA Heude. 


* Mycetopus iridineus HEUDE, Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 117; Conch. Fluv. Nank., 
J, 1875, pl. vu, fig. 19.—* Fiscurr, Jl.de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 11.— 
* PZTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187. 

*Mycetopus similis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xxu, fig. 50.— 
* FISCHER, J]. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 11.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 187. 

China. 
SOLENAIA RIVULARIS Heude. 


*Mycetopus rivularis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xxu, fig. 49.— 
~ FISCHER, JI. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 11. 
SOLENAIA CARINATA Heude.! 
*Mycetopus carinatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xx1, fig. 45.—-. 


* FISCHER, J]. de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 11.—* PzTex, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 186. 


China. 
SOLENAIA RUGATA Sowerby. 


*Mycetopus rugatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 111, fig. 7.—* SmirH, JI. 
de Conch., XXII, 1874, pl. rv, fig. 1.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 295, 
pl. Lxvu, fig. 4.—* P#Tex, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 187. 
*Platiris (Mycetopus) rugatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 90. 
Said to come from Victoria River, Austraiia. JI am a little in doubt 
about the locality. 


(Group of Solenaia triangularis.) 
Shell short, rounded on post base; very narrow in front. 


SOLENAIA TRIANGULARIS Heude. 


*“Mycetopus triangularis HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., IX, 1885, pl. rxx11, fig. 138.— 
* FISHER, Jl. de Conch., XXX VIII, 1890, p. 11.—* Pate, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 187. 


China. 
Genus GONIDEA Conrad, 1857. 


(Type, Anodonta randalli Trask, and Anodonta feminalis Gould.) 
Gonidea CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., I, 1857, p. 165. 


Shell elongated, subtriangular, much narrowed in front, wide behind, 
inflated, subsolid, usually with a high, sharp, posterior ridge; beaks 
rather sharp but not high, the sculpture consisting of a few, strong, 
concentric bars; epidermis rayless; hinge with a rudimentary pseudo- 
cardinal and lateral in each valve, though these are sometimes wanting; 
dorsal scars forming a row within the shallow beak cavity; muscle 
sears irregular; palleal line with a trace of a sinus behind; nacre lurid 
to purplish. 


'The type and only known shell is a fossil fragment. It may be a recent species. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——42 


658 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Animal with the outer gills larger than the inner behind, narrower in 
front, inner free from the abdominal sac, all united to the mantle nearly 
to their posterior points; mantle double edged; branchial opening large, 
a few irregular, large and small branched papille on it; anal openiig 
large, with rudimentary papille; superanal opening closed a long way | 
below; foot very large when living. No ova were found in the 
branchic in numerous specimens taken at different dates and localities. 


+ GONIDEA ANGULATA Lea. 


* Anodonta angulata Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 97, pl. xv1, fig. 52 Lee 
TI, 1838, p. 97, pl. Xvi, fig. 52. —*Troscumr, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. Ze We 
239.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.222; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 222, pl. XXIv, 
fig. 15.—* GOULD, U.S. Dsl Exp., XII, 1852, p. 436.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. 
Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.—* H.and A. ApAms,-Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
504.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 146, fig. 722.—* REEVE, Elem. Conch., II, 1860, 
pl. xxx1, fig. 180.—Ciussin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 159, pl. Lim, figs. 3, 4.— 
*B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* PaTe., Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) angulata Lea, Syn., 1838, p. 32. 

Mangaron (Anodonta) angulata Lia, Syn., 1852, p. 52; 1870, p. 83. 

* dnodon angulata CALTOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. 

*Anodon angulatus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. 111, fig. 6. 

*t Anodon feminalis GOULD, ee Bost. Soc. N. Hist., III, 1850, p. 293; * Otia Camnehh, a5 
1862, p. 87. 

* Anodonta feminalis GouLD, U.S. Expl. Exp., XII, 1852, p. 436, figs. 547, 547a, 
547b.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 502.--* Pa rE, Conch. 
Sam., I1I, 1890, p. 179. 

“Anodonta randalli Trask, Pr. Cal. Ac. N. Sci., I, 1855, p. 29.—* Paw rer, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 177. 

“Anodon biangulata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xxi, figs. 8, 8a, 8b. 

* Anodonta biangulata CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 231, pl. LXxvul, fig. 8. 


Central California; north to British Columbia; east to Idaho. 


Genus ANODONTOIDES Simpson (in Baker) 1898. 
(Type, Anodonta ferussaciana Lea.)! 


Anodontopsis Stimpson (in Baker), Tr. St. Louis Ac. Sci., VIII, 1898, p. 76; not 
Anodontopsis McCoy. 
Anodontoides SIMPSON (in Baker), Moll. Chicago, 1898, p. 72. 


Shell elliptical, inflated, thin, with a faint posterior ridge, sometimes 
constricted at the center of the base; beaks rather full, with a few 
Coarse, subparallel, concentric ridges, which are curved up rather 


'The Avene of ans group are en nee haw of Str oes. Tort he e different beak 
sculpture. The character of the marsupia is also different in the two genera. In 
this group a limited number of ovules was found in the inner gills of one of the few 
gravid specimens seen, while in Anodonta only the outer gills contain ova so far as 
I have observed. It differs from Anodonta in the curving in of the hinge line in 
front of the beaks, in the beak sculpture, and in having papille on the anal open- 
ing. Notwithstanding the fact that I have found embryos in all four gills of a 
specimen of this genus, I have placed it with the Homogen:e rather than with the 
Tetragenz because the characters of shell and animal seem to agree better with the 
former than with the latter. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 659 


suddenly behind, and back of these there are fine radiating ridges; 
epidermis smooth, shining, often rayed; hinge line slightly incurved in 
front of the beaks, edentulous or bearing the merest rudiments of 
teeth; muscle scars shallow, irregular; nacre bluish white. 

Animal with marsupium occupying the outer and sometimes the four 
leaves of the branchie; ovules more numerous in the outer, the whole 
pad like; gills large, inner semicircular, free from the abdominal sae, 
or united to it; branchial opening large, with many small papille; 
anal opening with well-developed papille. 


+ANODONTOIDES FERUSSACIANUS Lea. 


* Anodonta ferussaciana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1854, p. 45, pl. vi, fig. 15; *Obs., 
T, 1834, p. 157, pl. v1, p. 15.—* HaNLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218:—* CaTLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.—ConraAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* Mus- 
GROVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl.1, fig. 15.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, 
p: 75, pl. xx1u, fig. 4.—* B. H.Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* P&#TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 179. 

*Anodon ferussaciana Dr Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 200, pl. xv1, fig. 230.— 
SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. XIV, fig. 51. 

*Margarita (Anodonta) ferussaciana Lra, Syn., 1836, p.51; 1833, p. 30. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) ferussaciana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 79. 

* dnodontoides ferussacianus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 72, pl. 111, fig. 6; Vv, 
fig. 2. 5s 

*+ Anodonta buchanensis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 47, pl. x1v, fig. 43; 
* Obs., II, 1838, p. 47. pl. x1v, fig. 43.—* Troscue., Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 
2, p. 238.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 223; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 223.—* Cat- 
Low and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. —* ConRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1853, p. 263.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll, IJ, 1857, p. 503.—* Sow- 
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xxtv, fig. 92.—*B. H. WrieutT, Check 
List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) buchanensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p.54; 1838, p. 32. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) buchanensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 82. 

*t Anodonta argentea Lea, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1840, p. 289; *Tr. Am. Phil. 
Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 223, pl. x1x, fig. 41; *Obs., IIT, 1842, p. 61, pl. xix, fig. 41.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab. 
Ano., 1876, p. 218, pl. Lxxu1, figs. 3, 4.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.— 
* PETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) argentea Lua, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p, 79. 

*Strophitus argenteus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262. 

*t dnodonta ferruginea Lua, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 289; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
VIII, 1842, p. 225, pl. xix, fig. 43; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 63, pl. xix, fig. 43.— 
*ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. 
Rec.Moll., IT, 1857, p. 502..-* MusGrove, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 1, fig. 2.— 
*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 219, pl. Lxxil, figs. 5, 6.—*B. H. 
WriGutT, Check List, 1888.—* P#TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) ferruginea Lra, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 79. 

*tAnodonta plicuta HALDEMAN, Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1842, p. 201.—* Con- 
RAD, Pr.Ac.Nat.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p.264.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) plicata LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 79. 

*t Anodonta denigrata Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 285, pl. xxv, fig. 45; 
*Obs., V, 1852, p. 41, pl. xxv, fig. 45.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLESSIN, 


660 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 210, pl. uxiv, figs. 4, 5.—* B. H. Wricur, Check 
List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) denigrata Lua, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 79. 

*+Anodonta oblita Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1-52, p. 290, pl. xxvii, fig. 52; 
*Obs., V, 1852, p. 46, pl. xx vu, fig. 52.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., 1, 1857, p.502.—* CLEssIn, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 165, pl. LIv, figs. 7, 8.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 
1888. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) oblita Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1270, p. 79. 

* Anodon subcylindracea SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. x1v, fig. 47. 

* Anodonta subcylindracea CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 92, pl. XX VI, figs. 6, 7. 


t+ANODONTOIDES FERUSSACIANUS var. SUBCYLINDRACEUS Lea. 


*+ Anodonta subcylindracea LEA,Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 106, pl. xxrv, fig. 117; 
*Obs., II, 1838, p. 106, pl. xxrv, fig. 117.—* TrRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, 
Pt. 2, p. 239.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 223; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 223.— 
* S1rmpson, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 15.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 503.—* Latcu- 
FORD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882,p. 55.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.— 
*P mre, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185.—* WaLTon, Moll. Monroe Co., 1892, 
p. 17, pl. vii, fig. 3. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) subcylindracea LEA, Syn., 1838, p.32. 

* Anodon subcylindracea DE Kay, Zool. of N.Y., Pt.5, 1843, p. 200, pl. x v1, fig. 229.— 
* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) subcylindracea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82. 

* 4nodontoides subcylindraceus BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 74, pl. Iv, fig. 
ACW Len’. 
ANODONTOIDES FERUSSACIANUS var. MODESTUS Lea. 

*+Anodonta modesta LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p.84; *Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 364, pl. Lx1H, fig. 189; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 46, pl. LX1H, fig. 
189.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 153, pl. XLIx, figs. 7, 8.—*B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* P-#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) modesta LEA, Syn., 1879, p. 79. 

* dnodon modestus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x, fig. 26. 


Mississippi drainage area generally; St..Lawrence River system; Red 
River of the North; Saskatchewan River; Connecticut.? The varieties 
are found in the St. Lawrence system. 


Genus PEGIAS Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Margaritana fabula Lea.) 


Shell small, thickened in front, with a sharp posterior ridge, in front 
of which is a wide radial depression, ending in a basal sinus; above 
this ridge is another, making the shell decidedly biangulate and trun- 
eate behind; beak sculpture consisting of subconcentric corrugations, 
generally swollen on the posterior ridge; epidermis decorticated, but 
showing a few dark, radial rays on the base of the shell; pseudocardi- 
nals rather solid; laterals wanting. Animal having the marsupium 
empty in the specimen examined; inner gills larger in front, free from 
the abdominal sae, all four truncated behind; palpi large; mantle with 
square spots on its edge; branchial opening with a few large papille; 
anal opening smooth, not separated from the superanal. 


‘ 
‘: 
t 


So 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 661 


+t PEGIAS FABULA Lea. 


*Margarita (Margaritana) fabula, LEA, Syn., 1856, p. 46; 1838, p. 28. 

*Margaritana fabula Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 44, pl. x1, fig. 39; *Obs., 
TI, 1838, p. 44, pl. x11, fig. 39.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
238.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 301, pl. c, fig.3.—* B. H. Wrient, 
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. 

*Unio fabula HANuEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p.213; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 213, pl. xxn, 
fig. 45.—* CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—* SowerRBy, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LX XVI, fig. 394. 

*Margaron (Margaritana) fabula Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 44; 1870, p. 70. 

* Micromya fabula AGassiz, Arch. fiir Nat., I, 1852, p. 47. 

*Strophitus fabula CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. 

*Baphia fabula H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499. 

*+Margaritana curreyana LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. 
Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 223, pl. xvitr, fig. 40; *Obs., ITI, 1842, p. 61, pl. xviuy, fig. 
40.—* KuSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 300, pl. c, fig.2.—* B. H. Wricut, 
Check List, 1888. 

*Micromya curreyana AGassiZ, Arch. fiir Nat. I, 1852, p. 47. 

*Margaron (Margaritana) curreyana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.42; 1870, p. 68. 

*Strophitus curreyana CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. 

*Baphia curreyana H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499. 

*Unio curreyana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx1n, fig. 319. 

*Unio curreyanus HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 386, pl. xxiv, fig. 10. 

*Margaritana correyana P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 


Cumberland and Tennessee river systems. 


Genus ARCIDENS Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Alasmodonta confragosa Say.) 


Shell subsolid, inflated, subrhomboid, with full, high beaks; beak 
sculpture very strong, consisting of irregular corrugations which fall into 
two loops, at the bases of which the ridges are swollen into knobs that 
continue out in two radiating rows on to the disk of the shell; in front 
of and behind the beaks are many fine, radial wrinkles, the posterior 
ones being zigzagged; surface of the shell covered with oblique folds 
and wrinkles; epidermis dark olive, shining; there are two elongated, 
compressed psuedocardinals in the left valve, the posterior under the 
beak, and curved upward, cutting off the hinge plate in the right valve, 
which has a single, compressed pseudocardinal in front; laterals numer- 
ous, short, blurred; muscle scars irregular; nacre white. Animal with the 
gills very large, rounded below; inner the larger, free from the abdominal 
sac; marsupium filling the outer gills, of a peculiar, granular texture; 
palpi very large, elongated, attached half way to the mantle; mantle 
with a thick, unspotted border; branchial opening large, papillose; 
anal opening with rudimentary papille.! 


‘In the only gravid specimen I have seen the marsupium presented a peculiar, 
striated, granular structure, different from that of any Naiad I know. It was nar- 
rowed in the middle, and produced into a sort of lobe behind, but, though the spec- 
imen seemed to be a perfectly normal one, I am in doubt whether this peculiar form 
is constant. I do not think that this granulation is the result of a diseased condi- 
tion, though it may be. 


662 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. - 


+ARCIDENS CONFRAGOSUS Say. 


* Alasmodonta confragosa Say, N. Harm. Diss., IT, 1829, p. 339; *Am. Conch., I, 1830, 
pl. xx1; IV, 1832 (cover p. 4).—* Conran, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72.— 
* Ferussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, 
p. 30, pl. vii, figs. 1, la.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262. 

* Margarita (Margaritana) confragosa LEA, Syn., 1836, p.43; 1838, p. 27. 

“Unio confragosa DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 552; 3d ed., II, 
1837, p. 674.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 210; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 210, pl. 
XXII, fig.52.—* DesHayYEs, Tr. Elem., 1853, p. 217, pl. xxx, figs. 5-7. 

*Baphia confragosa H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 500. 

*Margaron (Margaritana) confragosa Lea, Syn., 1852, p.42; 1870, p. 67. 

* Margaritana confragosa CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad., 1574, p.46.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172. 

*Tnio confragosus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lx, fig. 299. 


Mississippi River and States adjoining it; Ohio River drainage; 
southwest to the Colorado River, Texas. A specimen is in the Lea 
collection, said to be from Enterprise, southeastern Alabama, but I 
am doubtful about the locality. 


Genus SYMPHYNOTA Lea, 1829. 
(Type, Symphynota compressa LEA. ) 


Symphynota LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1829, p. 424. 
? Megadomus SwAINsoN, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 266. 
2? Complanaria SwAINson, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 290. 

Shell elliptic rhomboid, compressed; beaks low, their sculpture con- 
sisting of strong bars; one pseudocardinal in the right valve and two 
in the left, the hinder somewhat A-shaped, cutting off the hinge plate 
in the right valve; laterals generally imperfect. 

Animal with the gills semicircular below, inner the larger, free nearly 
the whole length from the abdominal sac; marsupium thick, padlike, 
filling the outer gills; mantle strongly attached at palleal line; branchial 
opening papillose: anal opening without papille. 


Subgenus SYMPHYNOTA Lea, 1829. 


Shell smooth, subsolid, shining, rayed; teeth delicate; laterals com- 
pressed, moderately developed. 


SYMPHYNOTA COMPRESSA Lea. 


* Symphynota compressa LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1829, p. 450, pl. x11, fig. 22; *~Obs., 
I, 1834, p. 64, pl. x11, fig. 22.—* FERUssAC, Guer. Mag, 1835, p. 25. 

* Complanaria compressa CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Fhila., VI, 1853, p. 261. 

* Microcondylaea compressa P& TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. 

* Unio compressus CONRAD, New F.W. Shells, 1834, p. 68; *Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 71, 
pl. Xt, fig. 1.—*C. B. Apams, Thompson’s Hist. Vt., 1842, p. 166.—* HaNLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p.174; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 174, pl. xx, fig. 39.—* Dr Kay, 
Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1848, p. 191, pl. xx1, fig. 245.—*CaTLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 198, pl. 
LXIV, figs. 3, 4.—*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LX1, fig. 303. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS O# THE NAITADES—SIMPSON, 663 


* Margarita (Unio) compressus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 11; 1838, p. 13. 

* Complanaria compressus AGASSIZ, Arch. fiir. Nat., I, 1852, p. 48. 

* Complanaria alasmodontina STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14. 

* Unio alasmodontinas P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144. 

* Margaron ( Unio) pressus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 29.) 

* Unio pressus H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* LarcHrorb, | 
Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club., 1882, p. 52.—*B. H. WrieuT, Check List, 1888.— 
*P re, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164. 

* Alasmodonta pressa BAkER, Tr. Ac. N.Sci. St. L., VIII, 1898, p. 76, fig. ; * Moll. 
Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p.58, pl. vi, fig. 3; xX, fig. 4. 


SYMPHYNOTA COMPRESSA var. PLEBIUS C. B. Adams 


* Unio compressus var. plebius C. B. ADAMS, F. W. and L. Shells of Vt., p. 16. 


Ohio and St. Lawrence drainage areas; west to Arkansas, north 
through Nebraska to Wisconsin; Hudson River. 


+SYMPHYNOTA CHARLOTTENSIS Lea. 


* Unio charlottiensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila:, VII, 1863, p.191;. «Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Rina Val LS66.p. o. pla ll, tes oles Obs XI IS6i, op. W2) pl. ut, hon >.—— 4 B. 
H. WricGutT, Check List, 1888. 

~ Margaron (Unio) charlottensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 


Near Charlotte, North Carolina. 


+SYMPHYNOTA VIRIDIS Conrad. 


= Unio viridis CONRAD, Monog., IV, 1836, p. 35, pl. xvi1, fig. 1;? * Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLy, fig. 
244.—* B. H. Wrieu7, Check List, 1888. 

“Margarita (Unio) tappanianus LEA, Syn., 1856, p.39; 1838, p. 25. 

“Unio tappanianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI,.1838, p. 62, pl. xvul, fig.55; *Obs. 
II, 1838, p. 62, pl. xvil, fig.55.—* TroscuHE.L, Arch. fiir Nat., V,1839, Pt. 2, p. 
236.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 209; Biv. Sheils, 1845, p. 209, pl. xx1, fig. 
38.—* Dr Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 194, pl. xx, fig. 242.—* H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II; 1857, p. 492.—* CuENu, JI]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx, 
figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 270, pl. xct, fig. 3.— 
“HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Test., 1874, p. 89, fig. 185.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169. 

~*Margaron (Unio) tappanianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. 

* Unio tappianus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64. 

*+Unio hyalinus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p.164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 
1848, p. 69, pl. ur, fig.4; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 43, pl. 1, fig. 4.—* Conrab, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p- 492.—* KustEer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 204, pl. Lx vim, fig. 3.—* PATEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 

* Margaron (Unio) hyalinus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. 


1 Lea changed his name compressa to pressus because the former had been used for 
a Unio previously by Sowerby. The restoration of the genus Symphynota makes the 
earlier name of Lea valid. 

2Credited by Conrad and others to Rafinesque. The description of the latter of 
Unio viridis is not sufficiently clear to distinguish it from some of the other members 
of this genus, and the locality given is in error for the shell figured by Conrad, 
which belongs exclusively to the Atlantic drainage, and not to the Ohio River and 
Kentucky, localities given by Rafinesque. . 


664 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


~+Unio pertenwis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p.8, pl. 1, fig.4; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 12, pl. uy, fig. 4.—* B. 
H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 
*Margaron (Unio) pertenuis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 62. 
Streams draining into the Atlantic from New York south to North 
Carolina; Monroe County, Michigan? 


+SYMPHYNOTA DECORATA Lea. 


* Unio decoratus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 257, pl. x1, fig.6; *Obs., V, 
1852, p. 13, pl. xin, fig. 6.—* Conran, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1868, pl. xc1, fig. 496.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Parr, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 

* Margaron (Unio) decoratus LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 29. 

*t Unio insolidus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 159; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 40, pl. x1, fig. 37; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 44, pl. xi, 
fig. 37.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 


Virginia to South Carolina. 


tSYMPHYNOTA NEGLECTA Lea. 


Unio neglectus Lua, Desc. 12 Uniones, 1843; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1846, p. 280, 
pl. xu, fig. 10; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 88, p]. xu, fig. 10.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
493.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. .225, pl. Lxxvi, fig. 4.—*B. H. 
WrieGat, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160. 

* Margaron (Unio) neglectus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. 

Northern Alabama. 
tSYMPHYNOTA QUADRATA Lea. 


* Margaritana quadrata Lua, Pr. Ac, N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.41; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., Il, 1862; p: 210, pl. xxx) fig. 279); ~Obs:, 1X: 1863; p. 32) ple xcxoxam- 
fig. 279.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Parr, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 173. 

* Margaron (Margaritana) quadrata LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68. 

* Margaritana (Alasmodonta) quadrata CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 273, 
pl. LXxx111, figs. 5, 6. 


Kastern Tennessee. 


Subgenus LASMIGONA Rafinesque, 1831. 


(Type, Alasmidonta costata Rafinesque. )! 


Shell subrhomboid, compressed, corrugated behind; beaks low, their 
sculpture consisting of several coarse ridges which generally fall into 
two slight loops, and often with radiating ridges in front and behind; 
epidermis shining; laterals partly developed, consisting of blurred ridges 
which slope diagonally downward and backward on the hinge plate; 
cavities of the beaks shallow; dorsal scars faint, irregular. 


'The description of Alasmidonta costata of Rafinesque so clearly covers the species 
described three years later as Alasmodonta rugosa by Barnes that the former name 
must be used. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DES—SIMPSON. 665 


Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of the outer gills, 
very thick, like that of Anodonta; inner gills free all or the greater part 
of their length from the abdominal sac; branchial opening papillose; 
anal opening generally smooth or only slightly crenulate. 


tSYMPHYNOTA COSTATA Rafinesque. 


*4lasmidonta costata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, ao p. 312, pl. 
LXXXU, figs. 15, 16. 

*Alasmodonta costata Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 
1834, p. 72.—* Ferussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25 

*Complanaria costata CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261. 

*Alasmodonta rugosa BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 278, pl. x1, fig. 21.— 
SHort and EaTON, Transylvania J1., 1831, p.81.—* C. B. ADAMs, Thompson’s 
Hist. of Vt., 1842, p. 165.—* Baker, Moll. Chicago, Pt.1, 1898, p. 57, pl. vi1, 
figs.1,2; viu, figs. 35, 4. 

*Mya rugosa EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 222. 

* Margarita (Margaritana) rugosa LEA, Syn., 1836, p.44; 1838, p. 27. 

*Unio rugosa HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 211; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 211, pl. xx1, 
fig. 8. 

*Alasmodon rugosa DE Kay Zool. N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 196, pl. xv, fig. 226. 

*Complanaria rugosa STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 14. 

Margaron (Margaritana) rugosa LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 42; 1870, p. 67. 

* Baphia rugosa H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 500. 

* Margaritana rugosa CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 46.—* B. H.. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 164. 

* Lasmigona rugosum RAFINESQUE, Cont. Mon., Og,, 1831, p. 5. 

* Unio rugosus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—KusreEr, Conch. 
Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 200, pl. LX v1, figs. 1-3.—SoWERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, 
pl. Lx, fig. 302. 

O ienoaonta hians FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. 


Mississippi drainage generally; St. Lawrence basin; Manitoba; Hud- 
son River?; Columbus, Mississippi. Texas?. 


Subgenus PTEROSYGNA Rafinesque, 1831. 
(Type, Alasmodonta complanata Barnes. ) 


Shell large, ovate-rhomboid, inflated in post basal region; beaks much 
compressed, their sculpture sharply and strongly doubly looped; epi- 
dermis dark, scarcely rayed; teeth very heavy. 

Animal with an extremely thick marsupium; palpilarge; mantle with 
small crenulations on lower border; branchial opening large; anal open- 
ing small, both slightly papillose. 


+SYMPHYNOTA COMPLANATA Barnes. 


* Alasmodonta complanata BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 278, pl. x11I, fig. 21.— 
* HILDRETH, Am. JI. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 289.—* ConrapD, New F. W. Shells, 
1834, p. 72.—* Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Baker, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, 
p. 60, pl. vil, figs. 1,2; 1x, figs. 1-4. 

* Mya complanata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 222. 

*Symphynota complanata Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p.448.—-* SHorT and 
Eaton, Transylvania J1., 1831, p.80.—* La, Obs., I, 1834, p. 62.—FERUSSAC, 
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25. 


666 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. — VOL. XX. 


“Margarita (Margaritana) complanata Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 43; 1838, p. 26. 

*Unio complanata HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.210; * Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 210, pl. 
SORT, 1p, : 

*Complanaria complanata CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261. 

*Baphia complanata H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 500. 

* Margaratina complanata CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad., 1874, p. 46.—* B. H.Wricut, 
Check List, 1888.—* Patri, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.172.- 

*Alasmodon complanatus SOWERBY, Conch. Man., 1842, p. 61, fig. 140.—* CaTLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.57.—* KusTrER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 
199, pl. LY, ea * Sown RBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. L, fig. 266. 

Complanaria gigas SowERBY, Conch. Man., 1859, fe i41, *; 1842, p. 115, fig. 141. 


3 


*? Megadomus gigas SWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, pp. 265, 378, 


+SYMPHYNOTA COMPLANATA var. KATHERINZ Lea. 


Unio katherine Lea, Syn., 1838, p.55;' Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1839, p. 143.—* Tro- 
SCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Il, p. 237. 


Upper Mississippi drainage, as far south as Arkansas on the west; 
Ohio River system; upper St. Lawrence and its tributaries; north into 
the Mackenzie River. 


Genus ALASMIDONTA Say, 1818. 
(Type, Monodonta undulata Say.)? 


Monodonta Say, Nich. Ene., II, 1816. 

Alasmidonta Say, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1818, p. 459. 
Alasmodonta Say, Nich. Enc., 38d ed., IV, 1819. 
Alasmodon SWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 382. 
Uniopsis SWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 382. 


Shell generally rhomboid, inflated, with a well-developed posterior 
ridge, which ends in a point behind when it is single or a biangulation 
when double; beaks full and high, with coarse, concentric or slightly 
doubly-looped bars; epidermis rayed, shining; hinge with two pseudo- 
cardinals in the left valve and one in the right; laterals wanting or 
imperfect; cavity of the beaks deep; dorsal scars under the hinge 
plate; nacre bluish. 

Animal with the marsupium occupying the entire outer gills; gills 
rounded below, inner much the larger, united to the abdominal sac, or 
free; mantle generally having square spots on the posterior border; 
branchial opening papillose; anal opening smooth or crenulate. 


Subgenus ALASMIDONTA Say, 1818. 


(Type, Monodonta undulata Say.) 


Shell ovate-rhomboid, solid, inflated, shining, with very strong, gen- 
erally concentric beak acu ane paendocardinals solid SUL some- 


''This is Pronauin ie small, Seon: Thence form of this species, which appears 
very different from the type. 

2Changed by Say afterwards to Alasmidonta undulata as the name Monodonta was 
preoccupied. For some reason Say later on called his genus dlasmodonta. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 667 


what radiately ridged; laterals short, very imperfect, or wanting; beak 
cavities deep, compressed. 

Animal with inner gills wider than the outer throughout; palpi long; 
marsupium loose and flabby, and having ova scattered throughout it 
in the only gravid specimen seen. 


+t ALASMIDONTA UNDULATA Say. 


Monodonta undulata Say, Nich. Ene.; 1816, pl. 111, fig. 3. 

= flasmidonta undulata Say, Jl. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1818, p. 460. 

* Alasmodonta undulata Say, Nich. Enc., IV, 1819, pl. 1, fig. 3.—* Conrap, New 
F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 73.—* Frerussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—*C. B. 
Apams, F. W. and L. S. of Vt., 1842, p. 15. 

*Alasmodon undulata SWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 288, fig. 61.—* GOULD, Iny. 
Mass., 1841, p. 115, fig. 76.—* De Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 198, pl. xv, 
fig. 227. 

* Margarita (Margaritana) undulata Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 44; 1838, p. 27. 

*Unio undulata HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 211.—* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 211. 

*Margaritana undulata Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 298, pl. Xcrx, fig. 4.— 
* GOULD, Inv. Mass., 1870, p. 176, fig. 478.—* HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. 
Cest., 1874, p. 92, fig. 190.—* LatcurorD, Tr. Ottawa F. N. Cl., 1882, p. 
54.—* H. CARPENTER, Naut., IV, 1890, p. 47.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 
1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 

*Margaron (Margaritana) undulata LEA, Syn., 1852, p.42; 1870, p. 68. 

*Mya undulata Woop, Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 199, pl. 1, supp., fig. 5. 

*Baphia undulata H.and A. ADAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., I, 1857, p. 499. 

* Unio undulatus CATLOW and REEVE#, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 6d. 

*Strophitus undulatus STiMPSON, Shells of New Eng., 1851, p. 15. 

*?Unio glabratus SowuRBY, Rec. and Foss. Shells, XVI, 1823, fig. 

Alasmodonta sculptilis Say, N. Harmony Diss., II, 1829, p. 339.—FERussaAc, Guer. 
Mag., 1835, p. 26.—L. W. Say, Terr. and Fluv. Shells, 1840, p.9. 

*Strophitus sculptilis STIMPSON, Shells of New Eng., 1851, p. 15. 

-* Unio hians VALENCIENNES Ree. Obs. Zool., II, 1833, p. 235, pl. tv, figs. 2a, 2b. 

*Uniopsis radiata SWAINSON, Tr.on Mal., 1840, p. 289, fig. 62. 

*Uniopsis mytiloides SWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 382, fig. 62. 

*? Unio swainsoni SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXVI, fig. 396. 

*Margaron (Margaritana) swainsoni Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 30. 


Lower St. Lawrence drainage; southward to North Carolina. 


Subgenus PRESSODON-A Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio calceolus Lea. ') 
Shell decidedly rhomboid, surface generally painted with unbroken 
rays; beak sculpture slightly corrugated; teeth compressed. 
Animal with a thick, smooth, pad-like marsupium. 


(Group of Alasmidonta calceola.) 


Shell small, subsolid, rhomboid, inflated, rayed but not shining; 
beak sculpture varying from strong concentric bars to irregular corru- 
_ gations, sometimes faintly doubly looped, and with fine radiating 


1The names Hemiodon, Hemiodonta, and Hemidon were applied by Swainson to 
this group, but he used the first name previously for a division of the Helicide. It 
is better to apply a new name. 


668 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


ridges in front and behind; pseudocardinals rather solid; laterals very 
faint; marsupium occupying the whole of the outer gills, thick, pad- 
like; inner gills wholly or partly free from the abdominal sac; mantle 
bordered with square, black spots. 


,ALASMIDONTA CALCEOLA Lea. 


*Unio calceolus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p. 265, pl. 1, fig. 1; * Obs., I, 1834, 
p. 7, pl. 111, fig. 1.—* Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* CHENU, III. Conch., 
1858, pl. vuil, figs. 2, 2a, 2c.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 187, pl. L1x, 
fig. 3. 

*Strophitus calccolus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262. 

*Unio calceola DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 546; 3d ed., II, 1889, 
p. 672.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 212; * Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 212, pl. xxm, 
fig. 29.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.56.—* SowERBy, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXX vi, fig. 410. 

*Margarita (Margaritana) calccola LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 45; 1838, p. 27. 

*Margaron (Margaritana) calceola Lma, Syn., 1852, p. 43; 1870, p. 68. \ 

*Margaritana calceola KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 299, pl. xcrx, fig. 6.— 
*B. H. Wricat, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172. 

*Baphia calceola H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 500. 

* dlasmodonta truncata CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 73. 

*Margarita (Margaritana) deltoidea LEA, Syn., 1856, p. 44; 1838, p. 27. 

*Margaritana deltoidea Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 43, pl. x11; fig. 38; 
Obs., II, 1838, p. 43, pl. x11, fig. 38.—* TROosCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat.,V, 1839, II, 

p. 238.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 144, fig. 711.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1862, 
p- 299, pl. xc1x, fig. 5.—* CaLKINs, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 46.—*B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTreL, Conch, Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 

*Unio deltoidea HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 211; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 211, pl. 
Xx, fig. 50. 

*Margaron (Margaritana) deltoidea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 42, 1870, p. 67. 

* Strophitus deltoidea CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. 

*Baphia deltoidea H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499. 

*Alasmodonta deltoidea BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 63, pl. v1, fig. 2; 
vu, fig. 4. 

*Unio deltoideus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXv1I, fig. 395. 


! 


Upper Mississippi drainage; Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee rivers; 
Lower and Middle St. Lawrence systems. 


+ALASMIDONTA MINOR Lea. 


*Margaritana minor Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 166; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
X, 1848, p. 82, pl. vill, fig. 26; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 56, pl. vil, fig. 26.—* CHENU, 
Man., 1859, II, p. 144, fig. 713.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 

*Strophitus minor CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. 

*Margaron (Margaritana) minor LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 42; 1870, p. 67. 

*Baphia minor H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Kee. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499. 


Tennessee and Cumberland river systems. 
(Group of Alasmidonta heterodon.) 


Shell small, rather thin, rhomboid; beak sculpture very strong, con- 
sisting of concentric ridges or irregular corrugations, often slightly 


© 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 669 


doubly looped and swollen on the well-developed posterior ridge; sur- 
face rayed; pseudocardinals compressed, reflexed; laterals single, 
double, or triple in each valve. 

Animal with branchial opening having a few coarse papille; anal 
opening smooth, or with very fine crenulations. 


+ALASMIDONTA HETERODON Lea. 


*Unio heterodon LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1830, p. 428, pl. vim, fig. 11; * Obs , I, 
1834, p. 42, pl. vu, fig. 11.—* Conrap, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69.— 
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 
1835, p. 548; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672.—*CoNnRaAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 90, pl. 
XLIX, fig. 3.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 183; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 183, 
pl. XXxI, fig. 42.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—* Conrab, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sei., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xv1, 
figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., If, 1857, p. 495.— * Kus- 
TER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 192, pl. LXI, fig. 2.—* SowerRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 
1866, pl. xxxv, fig. 184.—* HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Cest., 1874, p. 
91, fig. 188.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* P& TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 155. 

*Margarita (Unio) heterodon Lra, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 16. 

*Margaron (Unio) heterodon LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 36. 


Northern New England to Virginia. 


ALASMIDONTA DIVERSA Conrad. 


*Unio diversus CONRAD, Am. Jl. Sci., XXI, 1856, p. 172 (fig. in outline).—B. H. 
WriGuHtT, Check List, 1888.1 


Alabama. 


(Group of Alasmidonta collina.) 


Shell rhomboid, subsolid, with beak sculpture consisting of strong, 
concentric bars, sometimes slightly doubly looped and swollen on the 
low, posterior ridge; often with one or more small spines on the disk 
in front of the posterior ridge; epidermis brown, rayless or feebly 
rayed; rest marks well defined; teeth rather compressed; laterals 
lamellar. 

Animal unknown. 


+ ALASMIDONTA COLLINA Conrad. 


*Unio collinus CONRAD, Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 65, pl. xxxv1, fig. 2; XII, 1840, 
p. 109, pl. Lx, fig. 3.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., IV, 1838, p. 287.—* ConRAD, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sei., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—* HaNLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 382, 
pl. xx, fig. 57.—* KusTEer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 188, pl. rx, fig. 5.— 
*SOwWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLIx, fig. 263.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* PmrerL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

*Margaron (Unio) collinus LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 233 1870, p. 35. 


North Carolina and Virginia. 


1Conrad says this has a remarkable resemblance to Unio heterodon, but is shorter. 


670 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. X XII. 


(Group of Alasmidonta holstonia.) 


Shell subsolid, beak sculpture rather strong, decidedly doubly 
looped, surface brownish, slightly rayed; pseudocardinals delicate; 
laterals nearly or quite wanting. Animal like that of A. calceola. 


+ ALASMIDONTA HOLSTONIA Lea. 


* Margaritana holstonia LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 42, pl. x1, fig. 37; 
*Obs., II, 1838, p. 42, pl. x11, fig. 37.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, 
p. 238.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 173. 

* Margarita (Margaritana) holstonia LEA, Syn. , 1836, p. 46; 1858, p. 28. 

| Legere (Margaritana) holstonia iB Syn., 1852, p. 44; 1870, p. 70. 

* Strophitus holstonta CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. ee. VI, 1853, p. 263. 
* Baphia holstonia H.and A, ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., TI, 1857, p. 499. 

* Unio holstonianus HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 213, pl. xx11, fig. 44.—* CaTLOW 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 
LXXVI, fig. 398. 

* Margaritana holstoniana KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 302, pl. c, fig. 4. 

*2 Unio striatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxviu, fig. 407. 


Tennessee River system; headwaters of the Coosa River. 


+ ALASMIDONTA GEORGIANA Lea.! 4 


*Margaritana etowahensis LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 188; *J1. Ac. 
Nat. Sci. Phila., [V, 1859, p. 227, pl. xx x1, fig. 110; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 45, pl. 
XXXI, fig. 110.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaritana (Alasmodonta) etowahensis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Anro., 1875, p. 270, 
JODIE sepreoxoxa eg ralays aL 

*Margaritana etowahensis Pa&stTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 

*“Margaritana georgiana LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. ee IIT, 1859, p. 280.—B. H. 

WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Margaritana) georgiana LBA, Syn., 1870, p. 68. 

* Alasmodonta impressa ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, -p. 157, pl. X11, fig. 4. 


Tennessee; Etowah River, Georgia. 


Subgenus RUGIFERA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Alasmodonta marginata Say.) 


Shell elongated, rhomboid, inflated, surface brilliantly painted with 
radiations, which often break into a dappled or splashed pattern of 
color; posterior slope slightly corrugated; teeth very imperfect; lat- 
erals wanting. 

Animal with a thick, smooth, pad like marsupium. Mantle with 
square spots behind. 


+ALASMIDONTA MARGINATA Say . { 


*Alasmodonta marginata Say, Nich. Ene., 1819, No.1; Am. Conch., VI, 1834.— 
* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 
25.—* STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p.15.—* Acassiz, Arch. fiir. Nat., I, 
1852, p. 46.—* ConrRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, » 262. 


! iniree Paine Mane garitana Powohenes by Dr. ee but as that name had previously 
been used by Conrad its author changed it to georgiana. 


a 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. al 


“dAlasmidonta marginata RAFINESQUE, An. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 317. 

~ Margarita (Margaritana) marginata L&a, Syn., 1836, p. 43; 1838, p. 27 

* Alasmodon marginata GOULD, Inv. Mass., 1841, p. 116, fig. 77.—* Dr Kay, Zool. 
of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 196, pl. xiv, fig. 225 ai 

* Unio marginata HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.211; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 211, pl. 
SORT HON 2a. 

* Anodonta marginata C. B. ADAMS, Thompson’s Hist. Vt., 1842, p. 164; *F. W. 
and L.S. of Vt., 1842, p. 14.—*Srmmpson, Shells of N. De, W5L; pills. 

* Margaron (Margaritana) marginata LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 42; 1870, p. 67. 

* Baphia marginata H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Mol1., II, 1857, p. 500. 

*Margaritana marginata GOULD, Inv. of Mass., 1870, p. 177, fig. 479. —HaARTMAN and 
MICHENER, Conch. Cest., 1874, p. 93, fig. 191.—* LaTcHrorD, Tr. Ottawa F.N. 
Club, 1882, p.54.—* B. H.Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* H. CARPENTER, Naut., 
TV, 1890, p. 46.—* P® TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 

*Unio marginatus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61. 

* Unio varicosa LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 78.—* DEsHayeEs, An. sans 
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 543; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 671. 

* Unio cariosa LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80. 

* Alasmodon corrugata DE Kay, Zool. of N. Y., Pt.5, 1843, p.198, pl. xxiv, fig. 259. 

* Mua rugulosa Woon, Ind. Test., 3d ed., 1856, p. 199, pl. 1, supp. fig. 7. 


Lower St. Lawrence; southward in streams draining into the Atlantic 
to South Carolina. 


+ALASMIDONTA TRUNCATA B. H. Wright.! 


* Alasmodonta truncata CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262. 

*Margaritana marginata KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 297, pl. xcIx, fig. 
3.—* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad., 1874, p. 46. 

*Alasmodonta marginata BakER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 62. pl. tv, fig. 4; 
SYA Oe ai(e= XOX Tether 

*Margaritana marginata var. truncata B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XI, 1898, p. 124 

* Unio marginatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. LI, fig. 267. 


Upper Mississippi drainage; Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river 
systems; Michigan; Upper St. Lawrence drainage. 


+t ALASMIDONTA RAVENELIANA Lea. 


*Margaritana raveneliana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 106, pl. xvur, fig. 50; 
*Obs., I, 1834, p. 218, pl. xvi, fig. 50.—* KusTeR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p 
297, pl. xcrx, fig. 2.—* B. H. WricHT, Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. : 

*Alasmodonta raveneliana FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. 

*Margarita (Margaritana) raveneliana LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 44; 1838, p. 27 

*Margaron (Margaritana) raveneliana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 42; 1870. p. 68. 

*Baphia raveneliana H,. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 1857, p. 500. 

* Strophitus ravenelianus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. 

*Unio swananoensis HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 211; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 211, 
pl. XxII1, sei 39.—CATLOW and "Sena Conch. Nom. ee p. 64. 


'Say’smanuscript. I believe this to be specifically different from the Seog thin- 
ner, less inflated, biangulate 4. marginata. The latter is confined to the Atlantic 
drainage; the former belongs tothe Mississippi Valley, but has migrated into the St. 
Lawrence basin. No description was published of this form that I know of until 
that of Mr. Wright appeared. 


672 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL. 


Tennessee and Cumberland river systems. 
Unfigured species. 
Margaritana etowahensis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1V, 1849, p. 154.! 


Etowah River, Georgia. 


Subgenus BULLELLA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Margaritana arcula Lea.) 


Shell thin, greatly inflated, somewhat triangular, with a high, sharp 
posterior ridge; beaks very full, having exceedingly strong, concen- 
tric sculpture, extending well on to the disk; pseudocardinals reflexed, 


compressed. 

Animal with the gills large, nearly semicircular below, inner the 
larger, united the whole length to the abdominal sac; mantle border 
with square spots.’ 


tALASMIDONTA ARCULA Lea. 


* Margarita (Margaritana) arcula LEA, Syn., 1836, p.43; 1838, p. 27. 

* Margaritana arcula Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 71, pl. xx, fig. 69; *Obs., 
II, 1838, p. 71, pl. x x11, fig. 69.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir. Nat., V, 1893, Pt. 2, p. 
238.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 144, fig. 712.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 
1888.—* PmrTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172 

* Unio arcula HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 210; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 210, pl. xx11, 
fig. 49.—* CaATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* SOWERBY, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLVIII, fig. 259. 

* Margaron (Margaritana) arcula Lka, Syn., 1852, p.42; 1870, p. 67. 

* Alasmodonta arcula CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262. 

* Baphia arcula H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 500. 


* Margaritana (Alasmodonta) arcula CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 272, pl. 


LXXXIU, figs. 7,8. 
Altamaha River, Georgia. 


tALASMIDONTA TRIANGULATA Lea. 


*Margaritana triangulata Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., II, 1858, p. 188; * Jl. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 228, pl. xxxu1, fig. 111; * Obs., VII, 1859, p. 46, pl. 
XXXU, fig. 111.—* KusrEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 303, pl. c, fig. 6.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

* Unio triangulata SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxx, fig. 414. 

*Margaron, (Margaritana) triangulata LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68. 

*Margaritana triangulatus PasTEL, Conch., Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 


South Carolina and Georgia. 
The following species are unknown to me: 


* Alasmodon (Decurambis) atropurpureum RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 5. 
*dAlasmodon (Decurambis) scriptum RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1851, p. 5. 


1 Allied to ravenelianus LEA, according to Conrad. 

2In the only gravid specimen seen the outer gills were curiously wrinkled and 
folded longitudinally, though the inner gills were plain. If this were a normal 
character it would entitle the species to generic rank, but I can not feel certain that 
itis. A. triangulata seems to stand between this and the ordinary Alasmidontas. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 673 


“Alasmodon (Lasmigona) viridis RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 5. 
*Alasmodon (Sulcataria) papyraceum RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 5. 
* Alasmodon (Sulcataria) badium RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 5. 
*Alasmodon (Amblamodon) hians RAFINESQUE, Cont. Monog., 1831, p. 5. 
*Margaritana columbensis L¥a,' Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1867, p. 81. 


Genus HEMILASTENA (Agassiz, 1852) Simpson. 


(Type, dAlasmodonta ambigua Say.)? 


Shell small, elongate elliptical, rounded in front and behind, often 
slightly incurved at the central base; beaks rather sharp, but not full; 
sculpture consisting of fine, parallel ridges which are looped up in the 
middle, and open behind; epidermis brownish, rayless; teeth imperfect, 
a single irregular, compressed tooth in each valve; that of the left 
under the beak, that of the right in front of it; laterals nearly or quite 
wanting; anterior end of the shell much thickened; anterior muscle 
scars united; posterior faint; nacre dull whitish. 

Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of the outer branchic ; 
ovules very large; ovisacs not separated by a sulcus; inner gills the 
larger in front, free from the abdominal sac part of the way, all four 
united to the mantle to the posterior end; mantle with a double border; 
branchial opening large, with many crowded papille; anal opening 
smooth; animal whitish. 


+tHEMILASTENA AMBIGUA Say. 


“Alasmodonta ambigua Say, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1825, p. 131,—* FeRussac, 
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. 

“Margaritana ambigua KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 300, pl. xcr1x, fig. 7.— 
“PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 

“+t Unio hildrethianus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 36, pl. 111, fig. 8; * Obs., 
I, 1834, p. 148, pl. 101, fig. 8.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 196; * Biv. Shells, 
1843, p. 196, pl. xxi, fig. 38.—* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 
59.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 206, pl. Lx vir, fig. 8.—” SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxv1, fig. 192.—* BakER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 
TSI; Do es Tonle Aves wilfere 21 

* Margarita (Unio) hildrethianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 28; 1838, p. 20. 

“ Margaron (Margaritana) hildrethianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 43; 1870, p. 69. 

* Strophitus hildrethiana CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263. 

* Baphia hildrethiana H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499. 

* Margaritana hildrethiana B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PasreL, Conch. 
Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 173. 

* Alasmodonta dubia FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. 


Ohio River system; north to Michigan; west to Iowa; south to 
Arkansas; east to Tennessee. 


1Dr. Tea does not mention this in his Synopsis. 

°This species, the only member of the group, differs from Margaritana in the beak 
sculpture, the thickening of the anterior end of the shell, in the want of muscle 
scars in the shell cavities, in the color of the animal, and in having the gills united 
to the mantle posteriorly to their ends, and the shell is not that of a Unio, as it 
differs in the beak sculpture and the teeth. I regret that Lea’s well-known name 
must be displaced for the obscure one of Say, who undoubtedly had this shell before 
him when he described his Alasmodonta ambigua. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 43 


674 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Genus MARGARITANA Sehumacher, 1817. 
(Type, Iya margaritifera Linneus. ) 


Baphiw MEUSCHEN, Mus. Gevers, 1787, p. 472. 

Unio RETZIus, part, Diss. Ilist. Nov. Test. Gen., 1788, p. 16. 

Unio OKEN, Lehrbuch der Nat., 1815, p. 236. 

Margaritana SCHUMACHER, Essai Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 137. 

Damalis (LEACH manuscript) Gray, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, p. 196. 
Baphia V1. and A. ApAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 499.' . 

Shell elongated, usually arcuate, rounded in front, almost lacking a 
posterior ridge; beaks rather low, the sculpture consisting of a few 
coarse, parallel ridges, which follow the growth lines; epidermis con- 
centrically striate, brownish or blackish; hinge teeth generally imper- 
fect or not fully developed; two more or less perfect pseudocardinals 
in the left valve, and one in the right, often reduced to mere tubercles; 
behind these the hinge plate is narrow and rounded for some distance; 
laterals short, usually imperfect or wholly wanting; cavity of the beaks 
rather shallow; muscle sears large, those of the anterior roughened, 
posterior elliptical; nacre generally more or less covered inside the pal- 
leal line with small muscle scars. 

Animal with very long gills, inner wider in front, free for the greater 
part of their length from the abdominal sac, the two pairs united to their 
posterior ends, which project backward for some distance unconnected 
with the mantle; palpi very large, faleate, united half way posteriorly ; 
branchial opening having crowded, often arborescent papillae arranged 
in folds; anal opening smooth or crenulate; superanal opening not 
closed below; marsupium occupying the entire outer gills.” I’oot and 
abdomen small; whole animal dark colored. 


+MARGARITANA MARGARITIFERA Linnzus. 


Mya margaritifera ListER, Hist. Anim. Ang. App., 1685, pl. 1, fig. 1.—Hist. 
Conch., 1685, pl. CXLIx, fig. 4.—* LINN.ZUS, Systema. Nat., 10th ed., I, 
1758, p. 671.—* Da Costa, Hist. Nat. Brit., 1778, p. 225, pl. xv, fig. 33.— 
* GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1792, p.3219.°>—* LINN &US, Fauna Suecica, 1761, 
p- 2130.—Kwnorr, Vergn., IV, 1769, pl. xxv, fig. 2.—* MULLER, Vermes, 1774, 
p. 210.—PENNANT, Brit. Zool., IV, 1777, pl. xxi, fig. 18.—* Da Cosra, Hist. 
Nat. Brit., 1778, p. 225, pl. xv, fig. 3.—* SCHROTER, Fluss Conch., 1779, p. 168, 
pl.iy, fig. 1.—* Born, Test. Mus. Vind., 1780, p. 21.—* ScuROTER, Ein. Conch., 
1783, II, p. 606.—* Donovan, Brit. Shells, ITI, 1801, pl. Lx xt1.—* Monraau, 
Test. Brit., 1803, p. 38.—* TurToN, Brit. Fauna, 1807, p. 146.—* Maron and 


'The name Baphiv Meuschen has precedence, but was never described ; it was applied 
to amiscellaneous lot of bivalves, and is in the plural number. Retzius’ first species 
in Unio, the type of a section without laterals, is the U. margaritifer, but in 1792 
Bruguiére in Choix de Mémoires, I, p. 106, fully and carerully redefined the genus 
Unio, restricting it to species with cardinal and lateral teeth. 

2 According to Van Wahl. I have examined a great many animals taken at different 
seasons, but have never seen one gravid. 

3 Refers to Conchylien Cabinet VI, pl. 1, fig. 5, which is the form we know as Mar- 
garitana margaritifera. 


NO. 1205 SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 675 


Rackerr, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., VIII, 1807, p. 40.—* Woon, Gen. Conch., I, 
1815, p. 107, pl. xx, figs. 1-3.—* DILLwyn, Cat., I, 1817, p. 52.—* Turron, 
Conch. Dict., 1819, p. 106.—* BincLey, Useful Knowledge, III, 1825, p. 245. 
* Woop, Index Test. , 1825, p. 12, pl. 11, fig. 30.—* EaTon, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, 
p. 216.—* WAARDENBERG, Com. Hist. Nat. Anim., 1827, p. 360.— “ Ciimnu, Bib. 
Conch., Ist ser., I, 1845,p. 57, pl. Xx, figs. 1, 2.—* HANLEY, Ipsa. Linn. Conch., 
1855, p. 460.—* HANLEY (Woop), Ind. Test., 3d ed., 1856, p. 16, pl. 11, fig. 30. 

Myamargaritifera testa ovali oblonga, ete.—* MOLLER, Zool. Danic, 1776, p. 245.— 
* CHEMNITZ, Conch. Cab., VI, 1782, p. 15, pl.1, fig. 5. 

* Baphia margaritifera MEUSCHEN, Mus. Gevers, 1787, p. 472. 

* Unio margaritifera DRAPARNAUD, Tab. Moll. Fr., 1801, p. 107; Hist. Moll. Fr., 
1806, p. 132, pl. x, figs. 17-19; pl. x1, fig.5.?'—* GAERTNER, Vers. Syst., 1813, 
p.37.—* OkEN, Lehrbuch, 1815, p. 238.—* Cuvier, Régne Animal, II, 1817, p. 
473.—* C. PF&IFFER, Nat. Deutsch. Land und Suss. Moll., 1821, Pt.1, p. 115, 
pl. v, fig. 11.—* Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., III, 1824, p. 189.—* Gras, Moll. Iseére. 
Ap., 1840, p. 22.—* FRIELE, Norske L. Fersk Moll., 1853, p.53. 

*Margaritana margaritifera SCHUMACHER, Essai. Nouv. Syst., I, 1817, p. 124, pl. x, 
fig. 4. —* MICHAUD, Comp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 114.—* Scuotz, Schleis L. 
and W. Moll., 1843, p. 135.—*TrRoscuEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., XIII, Pt. 1, 1847, 
p. 270; vi, fig. 1.—* Moquin-Tanvon, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1855, p. 623, pl. xxu, 
figs. 14-16.—* von WaaL, Arch. fiir die Nat. Kunde Liv., 2d ser., I, 1855, p. 
118.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 293, pl. XXXVIII; XXXIX, figs. 2-4.— 
*CHENU, Manual, 1859, II, p. 144, fig. 710.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Sw Nor. 
and Den., 1873, p. 577.—* HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Cest., 1874, p. 
91, fig. 189.—* CLEssin, Deutsch. Ex. Moll., 1876, p. 449, fig. 293.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, oe 
* STEARNS, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XIV, 1891, p.105.—* Locarp, Coq. de France, 
1893, p. 149.—* von InERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 155.— 
* WESTERLUND, Act. Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, No. 7, 1897. p. 166. 

* flasmodonta margaritifera CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p.72.—FERUSSAC, 
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. 

*Margarita (Margaritana) margaritifera LEA, Syn., 1836, p.45; 1838, p. 28. 

*Margaron (Margaritana) margaritifera LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 43; 1870, p. 69. 

* Baphia margaritifera H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., I, 1857, p. 499, III, pl. 
CXVIUl, figs. 2, 2a. 

* Unio margaritiferus Rerzius, Dis. S. Hist. Nat., 1788, p. 16.—* SPENGLER, Skriv. 
Nat. Selsk., III, 1793, p.52.—* Turron, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 241, pl. xv1, 
fig. 1.—* Nitsson, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 103.—* TuRTON, Man. L. and F. 
W. Shells, 1831, p. 19, fig.9.—* ? ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 15.—* HAn- 
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 213; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 213.—*CaTLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* ForseEs and HAaNLey, Hist. Brit. Moll., IT, 1853, p. 
146, pl. xxxvit1.—* SowERBY, II]. Ind. Brit. Shells, 1859, pl. vir, No. 1.— 
*TaTE, L. and F. W. Moll. Brit., 1866, pl. 11, fig. 15.—*Sowkrrsy, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXIVv, fig. 325. 

* Alasmodon margaritiferus BROWN, L. and F. W. Conch., 1836, p. 112, pl. Xx1, 
fig. 13, pl. xx, figs. 1-3.—-* THompson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., V1, 1840, 
p. 197.—* Brown, Il. Recent Conch., 1844, p. 83, pls. xxx, figs. 1-4; XXXI, 
figs. 1, 2; xxxul, figs. 13-15.—* Turton, Man. L. and F. W. Shells, 1857, p. 
PAU [Oo OY, tess We) 

* Margaritana margaritiferus WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 184. 

* dlasmodon margaritiferum FLEMING, Hist. Brit. Moll., 1828, p. 417. 

* Unio margaritifer var. minor ROSSMASSLER, Icon., Pt. 2, 1835, p. 19, pl. Ix, 
fig. 129. 


batavus Lamarck. 


676 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


3 Dnio Fernie: KUSTER, Gonen Cab. 1856, p- 130, ais XXXVIII, XXXIX.— 
* MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. Terr. et rein. Fr., Il, 1855, p. 566, pl. xLvir.—* Nor- 

DENSKIOLD and NYLANDER, Fin. Moll., 1856, p. 86, pl. v1, fig. 74.—* DROUET, 
Nay. Fr., I], 1857, p. 57, pl. 1.—* HEssLING, Perl. und Ihre Perlen, 1859, p. 86, 
pl. 1.—* JEFFREYS, Brit. Conch., I, 1862, p.37.—* Rrrve, L. and F. W. Moll. 
Brit., 1863, p. 223, fig. 3.—* L. ADAMS, Coll. Man., 1884, p. 19, pl. 1, fig. 12. 

* Unio (Margaritana) margaritifer SCHRENCK, Reis. und I’. im Amur-Lande, II, 
1867? p. 700. 

* Unio auricularius SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., III, 1793, p. 44. | 

* Unio elongata LAMaARCK, Ann. saus Vert., VI, 1819, p. 70.'—Stark, Nat. Hist., IT, 
1828, p. 90.—GRas, Moll. Isere Ap., 1840, p. 22.—Puron, Moll. Vosges., 1847, 
p. 72. 

* Damaris elongata LEACH, Syn. Moll. Gt. Brit., 1852, p. 322. j 

* Margaritana elongata W ESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 185.—° Locarp, 
Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 149, fig. 162. 

* Unio elongatus NILSSON, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 106.—* SOWERBy, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXxv1, fig. 397.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 151. 

* Alasmodonta arcuata BARNES, Am. JI. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 277, pl. xu, fig. 20.—*C. B. 
AvamMs, Thompson’s Hist. of Vermont, 1842, p. 165, figured; * F. W.and L.S. 
of Vt., 1842, p. 165, figured.—* HrSssLING, Die. Perl. und Ihre Perlen, 1859, 
p. 205. 

* Mya arcuata EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 222. 

* 4lasmodon arcuata GOULD, Inv. of Mass., 1841, p. 113, fig. 75.—* De Kay, Zool. of 
N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 197, pl. x1v, fig. 224.—* MIGHELS, Bost. Jl. N. Hist., 1844, 


p. 395, 
* Margaritana arcuata STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 15.—* KusTEr, Conch. 
Cab., 1856, p. 293, pl. XxxIx, fig. 1.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 


1853, p. 262.—* GouLp, Inv. of Mass., 1870, p. 174, fig. 477.—* Parr, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 172.—* H. CarRPENTER, Naut., IV, 1890, p. 35. 

* Unio sinuata C. PFEIFFER, Nat. Deutsch. L. und 8S. W. Moll., Pt. 2, 1825, p. 33, 
pl. vu, fig. 4. 

* Unio roissyi MICHAUD, Comp. Hist. Moll., Fr., 1831, p. 112, pl. xvi, fig. 28.— 
*GRAS, Moll. Isere Ap., 1840, p. 22 

* Margaritana roissyi WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt.7, 1890, p. 186.—* LocarD, 
Coq de France, 1893, p. 150. 

* Unio tristis MORELET, Moll. Portugal, 1845, p. 107, pl. x11, fig. 2. 

* Margarita (Unio) crassissimus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.40; 1838, p. 26.’ 

* Unio (CMlasmodonts) dahuricus MIDDENDORFF, Bull. Phys. Math. Ac. St. Petersb., 
IX, 1850, p.?; *Sib. Reise, II, 1851, p. 275, pl. xxXv1, figs. 3-5. 

* Unio annenics Nine, L. and §. Moll. Sib., 1859, p. 26.—* HESSLING, Perl. 
und Ihre Perlen, 1859, p. 202.—* WESTERLUND, Kong. Sv. Vet. Ak. Hand., 
XIV, No. 12, p. 74. 

*Unio (Margaritana) dahuricus SCHRENCK, Reis. und Forsh. Amur-Lande, II, 1867, 


p. 699. 
*Margaritana dahurica KOBELT, Abh. Senck, Nat. Gee. me 1875, p.427.—* KOBELT, 
Faun. Jap. Ext., 1879, p. 143, pl. xu, figs. 1, 2.—* MIDDENDORFF, Kong. 


Svensk. Vetens. Ak. Handl., XIV, No. 12, p. 110.— “Pant, Conch. Sam., ITI, 
1890, p. 173.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, 2: 187. 


1 Lamarek ikea fine may be the Mya en eannnons of siinnccen ee is certain 
that it is. 

2 The figure looks like an elongated batavus, but Morelet afterwards acknowledged 
that his shell was probaly a young margaritifera. 

3The naked name crassissima was first applied to this by Klein, Methodi Ostraco- 
logiex, 1753, p. 128, pl. x. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. Grad 


“t dlasmodon falcata GOULD, Pr. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., III, 1850, p. 294; * Otia 
Conch., 1862, p. 87;'—* U.S. Expl. Exp., XII, 1852, p. 433, figs. 545, 545a, 
545).—Conrab, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 262.—Pa:rEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 

“Unio faleatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxv, fig. 390. 

*Unio (dlasmodonta) complanatus MIDDENDOREF, Sib. Reise, 11,1851, Pt. 1, p. 273, 
p!. xx vil, figs. 1-6.? 

*Margaritana complanata WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 187. 

*Unio mongolicus MIDDENDOREF, Sib. Reise, I], 1851, p. 277, pl. xxvu, figs. 7, 8.— 
* TLESSLING, Perl. und Ihre Perlen, 1859, »). 203.—* SCHRENCK, Reise und F. im 
Amur-Lande, IT, 1867, p. 699.—~ WESTERLUND, Kong. Sy. Vet. Ak. Hand, XIV, 
no. 12, 1876, p. 74.—* PazTuL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.—* WEsTERLUND, 
Hammad ersten wloteedael S90 rape elt. 

*Alasmodon yubaensis TRASK, Pr. Cal. Acad. Sci., 1, 1855, p. 30. 

*2?Margaritana raveneliana CHENU., Man., 1859, II, p. 144, fig. 714.3 


All Europe except the southernmost portion; northern Asia; Japan; 
northern North America; Iceland. Its southern limit seems to be 
about north latitude 40°. It appears to be entirely cireumboreal, except 
that, so far as is known, if is missing in the central part of the North 
American continent. Wetherby has suggested that it may have been 
destroyed in this region by the ice of the glacial epoch. It is found in 
the upper Missouri and in Canada Hast, New York, and the New Ene- 
land States. 


+MARGARITANA CRASSA Retzius. 


*Mya testa crassa, SCUROTER, Flussconch., 1779, p. 182, pl. u, fig. 2. 

“Unio crassus RETZIUS, Diss. Hist. Nat., 1778, p. 17.A—SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., 
III, 1793, p. 56.—* Scuoxz, Schleis., L. und W. Moll., 1843, p. 130.—* von 
Wad, Arch. Naturkunde Liv., 2d. ser., I, 1855, p. 94.—*H. and A. ADAMs, 
Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* DrovueEt, Moll. Cote d’Or., 1867, p. 101.— 
* JORDAN, Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., VI, 1879, p. 306.—* Drovurr, Mem. Acad. 
Dijon, 3d ser., VII, 1882, p. 13.°—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149. 


'This is undoubtedly margaritifera, but in the types the young shells show laterals. 

2T have no doubt that this is Wargaritana margaritifera L. and not Unio complanatus 
Solander as Middendorff supposes. The specimens figured are terribly eroded, and 
the hinges are in very bad order, but they do not show laterals. 

’Numerous varieties as well as species have been made of this abundant, wide- 
spread form. Notwithstanding its enormous distribution, the widest of any Naiad 
known, I have seen no variation that seems to me to be worthy of a varietal name. 

+Retzius’ description is in Latin, and consists of ten words, and as he does not 
figure the species, it would be impossible to determine what he meant only for the 
fact that he refers to the Flussconchylien of Schriter (Iya testa crassa, p. 182, pl. 11, 
fig.2). Schréter’s figure is not a very good one, but I can have no doubt that he had 
before him the large, heavy, black Naiad, with lateral teeth, found in southern Europe. 
In general it closely resembles the M. margaritifera externally, but the epidermis is 
amore dull black, the beaks are usually higher and more strongly developed, the 
nacre is white, and it has fairly well-developed laterals. European conchologists 
seem to have quite commonly mistaken heavy, large forms of Unio batavus for Retzius’ 
species, and in a number of cases the W/. margaritifera has been taken for it. 

° Page 15 of reprint; I have not seen the original. 


678 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


* Margaron ( Unio) crassus Lua, Syn., 1852, p.39; 1870, p. 62.! 

* Unio auricularius SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., III, 1792, p. 54.—* WrsTER- 
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 50. : 

Unio rugosa PoiRE?T, Coq. Fluy., et Terr. de ]’Aisne, 1801, p. 105.? 

* Unio sinuata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 70.°?—BLAINVILLE, Man., 
1825, p. 539, pl. LXvil, fig. 3.—* DesnayeEs, Enc. Méth., IJ, 1827, p. 151, pl. 
CCXLVItT, fig. 1; IT, 1830, p.579, pl. ccoxiviu1, fig. 1, la, 1b. —* SGANZIN, Mem, 
Hist. Nat. Strasb., III, 1842, II, p. 8.°—* Puron, Moll. Vosges, 1847, p. 72. 

“Unio (Potamida) sinuata SWAINnsoN, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 268. 

*Unio sinuatus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1856, p. 22, pl. x11, fig. 195.—* GassIEs, 
Moll. de l’Ag., 1849, p. 198.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 630, pl. xxm1, 
fig. 7.—* ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1854, p. 38, pl. LXxX, fig. 853, 853a.°— 
*Moquin-TanpDon, Moll. Terr. and Fluv. Fr., 11, 1855, p. 567; II, pl. xLviu, 
figs. 1-3.—* DROUET, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 61, pl. 11.—* HESSLING, Die Perl. 
and Ihre Perlen, 1859, p. 184.—*SoweErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, pl. Lx, 
fig. 311.—* Pare, Conch. Sam, III, 1890, p. 167.—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 
1893, p. 151, fig. 164. 

*? Unio litoralis C. PFEIFFER, Nat. Deutsch. L. und 8. W. Moll., Pt. 1, 1821, p. 117, 
pleveitig. 1207 

*Unio crassissimus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 209; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 209, 
pl. xx1nj, fig.54.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58. 

* Unio gargotte Putiprl, Moll. Sic., 1836, p. 66.—*RossMassLeEr, Icon., VII and 
VIII, 1838, p. 26, pl. xxxv, fig. 493.2—* Drousxt, J]. de Conch., XXIX., 1881, 
p. 25.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., IT, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 156. 

Southern Europe; possibly into Asia Minor and southwest Siberia. 
+MARGARITANA LAOSENSIS Lea. 

* Unio laosensis Lea, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 190; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 63, pl. XXxI, fig. 61; ~ Obs., XI, 1867, p. 67, pl. xx1, fig. 61.—— 
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLvu, fig. 256.—* PaTEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 156. 

* Margaron (Unio) laosensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 62. 

Unio sula THEOBALD (where?). 


Laos Mountains, Cambodia; Siam. 


1Tt has often been impossible to determine what species has been referred to by 
authors under the name crassus. In cases where they have cited this species from 
the north of Europe I have no doubt that they either had Margaritana margaritifera 


or Unio batavus before them. In those cases where I could not be certain as to what 


was meant I have omitted references. 

2 According to Moquin Tandon this is U. sinuatus Lamarck. 

3Lamarck refers to Encye. Méth., 1797, pl. ccoxLViul, figs. la, 1b, which seem to be 
the crassus of Retzius. Lea, who examined Lamarck’s type, says he had thought it 
was the Margaritana margaritifera, but that it had lateral teeth. (Obs. I, pp. 35, 198.) 

1 These figures look something like a heavy inflated Lampsilis alatus Say, but are 
probably the crassus of Retzius. 

‘Given to Sganzin by M. Fabert, chief of batallion of infantry, as having been 
found at St. Paul in the Isle of Bourbon, but Sganzin very much doubts the locality. 
Of course it was never found in the Indian Ocean region. 

‘A magnificent figure of this fine species, and in a, which shows the hinge, the 
laterals are plainly delineated. 

7Dr. Lea is doubtful about this being litoralis, and I am sure it is not. It appears 
more like M. crassus than anything else. 

8Dr. Lea makes this a synonym of Pfeiffer’s elongatulus, which is, I believe, quite 
near to U. pictorum. Rossmassler’s figure shows a shell very much like Margaritana 
margaritifera, but it has lateral teeth. 


. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 679 


+ MARGARITANA HEMBELI Conrad. 


* Unio hembeli CONRAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 93, pl. LI, fig. 1.—* HANLEy, Biv. 
Shells, 1856, p. 383, pl. xxv, fig. 3.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II 
1857, p. 497.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, ‘pi. XXXIM, fig. 172.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* ParmL, Conch. Sam., III, 1390, p. 154. 

* Margaron ( Unio) hembels Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32. 


Louisiana; Burnt Corn, Alabama. 


+MARGARITANA MONODONTA Say. 


Unio monodonta Say, N. Harm. Diss., Il, 1829, p. 293; *Am. Conch., I, 1830, 
pl. vi.—Suorr and Eaton, Trans. J1., 1831, p. 79.—* Conrapb, New F. W. 
Shells, 1834, p. 70.—DESHAYES, An. sans. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 553; 3d 
ed., II, 1839, p.674.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist: ser., III, 1845, p. 12, pl. 1, 
fig. 1. Gammon and REEVE, Conch. Nom., "1845, p. 61. 

* Alasmodonta monodonta Bentacac: Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26. 

* Margaritana monodonta CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila. VI, 1&53, p. 262. 

*Unio monodontus SAy, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* HaNnLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 
210; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 210, pl. xxi, fig. 48.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen., 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* Kustrr, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 221, pl. oy, 
fig. 1 eR. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Paoren, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 159. 

* Margarita (Unio) monodontus La, Syn., 1836, p. 40; 1838, p. 26. 

* Margaron (Unio) monodontus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. 

* Unio soleniformis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., LV, 1831, p. 87, pl. x, fig. 17; *Obs., 
I, 1834, p. 97, pl. x, fig. 17.—*CuHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xrv, figs. 4, 4a, 
4b; * Manual, IT, 1859, p. 137, fig. 661.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, 
ple xav, fic. 243. 

* Margaritana soleniformis P@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 


Ohio; Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; Illinois; eastern 
lowa; Nepeaia?. 


+MARGARITANA DECUMBENS Lea. 


* Unio decumbens Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.40.—* Lra, Jl]. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., 1862, p. 87, pl. x11, fig. 236.—* Lea, Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 91, pl. x11, fig. 
236.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LxxxuI, fig. 432.—*B. H. 
WriIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) decumbens La, Syn., 1870, p. 62, 


Alabama. 
Genus UNIO Retzius, 1788.! 


(Type, Unio tumidus Retzius. ) 


Unio Rerzius, Diss. Hist. Nov. Test. Gen., 1788, p. 16.—BrUGUIER™, Choix de 
Memoirs, I, 1792, p. 106. 

Limnea Pout (part), Test. Utr. Sic., I, 1791, p.31. 

Lymnium OKEN, Lehrbuch, 1815, p. 237. 

Elliptio RAFINESQUE, J1. de Phys. Nat. Hist., 1819, p. 426. 

Mysca TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822 2b 243. 


I'This genus was described in a Sages by Laurentius Miinter Philipsson under 
his master, Retzius, in the University of Lund, Sweden, and it is often credited to 
the former. I am informed by Professor Joh. Chr. Moberg, of Lund, that by a 
former law or custom of the university the professor was considered the author of 
all papers which a student under him defended. According to this, Retzius must be 
credited with the genus. This law was repealed in Lund in 1852. 


680 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXI1. 


Canthyria SwWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 278. 
Uniomerus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1253, p. 268. 

Shell ineyuilateral, oval to elongated, rounded in front and pointed 
or biangulate behind, with a more or less developed posterior ridge, 
often becoming slightly arcuate when old; beaks only moderately full, 
generally sculptured with coarse ridges, which run parallel with the 
erowth lines, or are somewhat doubly looped, sometimes broken and 
showing fine radiating lines behind; surface sinooth, slightly concentric- 
ally ridged or pustulous; epidermis generally rather dull colored, rayless 
or feebly rayed; hinge plate narrow; two pseudocardinals and two lat- 
erals in the left valve and one pseudocardinal and one lateral in the 
right, with rarely a vestige of a second lateral; cavity of the beaks 
not deep or compressed. Animal having the inner branchie free from 
the abdominal sac for from one-half to their entire length; marsupium 
occupying the whole length of the outer gills only, forming a thick, 
smooth pad when filled with young; gills united to the mantle behind 
to their extreme points, or very nearly so; papille on branchial and anal 
openings unbranched; superanal opening always closed below. 

Section LYMNIUM Oken, 1815. 
(Type, Unio pictorum Retzius. ) 


Shell generally smooth; beak sculpture broken, often somewhat cor- 
rugated or pustulous; pseudocardinals compressed; beak cavities well 
excavated, not compressed. Animal highly colored, anal opening crenu- 
late or smooth. 

(Group of Unio pictorum.) 


Shell inflated, elongate, oval, anterior end angled above, swollen a 
little at posterior base; beaks full, their sculpture consisting of numer- 
ous slightly doubly looped bars which often become pustulous; poste, 
rior ridge rather low; epidermis smooth, rather bright, sometimes 
slightly rayed behind; rest periods well marked; pseudocardinals com- 
pressed, often a little retlexed, smooth below, those of the left valve 
partly united; muscle scars smooth; nacre whitish to salmon. Animal 
the same as described for the section. 


tUNIO PICTORUM Linneus.! 


“Mya pictorum LINNAZUS, Syst. Nature, 10th ed., 1758, I, p.671; Faun. Suece., 
1761, No. 2129.—* MULLER, Vermes, 1774, p. 211.—PENNaNT, Brit. Zool., IV, 
1777? pl. xu, fig. 17.—*Da Costa, Hist. Nat. Brit., 1778, p..228, pl. xv, 
fig. 4.—*SCHROTER, Flussconch., 1779, p. 178, pl. m1, figs. 2, 4, 5.—* Born, 
Test. Mus. Vind., 1780, p. 20.—*ScHRGOTER, Ein. Conch., 1783, II, p. 604.— 
*“Oxivi, Zool. Adriatic, 1792, p. 95.—SturM, Deuts. Faun., VI, 1803, 2d ed, 
p. 19, pls. a, b, cc —* Montagu, Test. Brit., 1803, p. 36.—* TuRTON, Brit. Fauna, 


1Hanley says [Ipse Linnzei Conchylia, p. 27]: ‘‘More Uniones than one are pres- 
ent in the [Linnean] collection, but upon the whole the U. pictoruwm of authors 
[Rossm. Icon., fig. 196] agrees best with synonymy and description. The figure 
referred to of Lister is U. pictorum; Bonanni’s drawing is more doubtful and was 
pussibly meant for U. tumidus. The descriptions in Fauna Suecica and Systema are 
brief and unsatisfactory and might suit either species alike.” 


NO. 1205. 


SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 681 


1807, p. 146.—*MaTon and Rackerr, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., VIII, 1807, p. 
38.—*Woopb, Gen. Conch., I, 1815, p. 104, pl. x1Xx, figs. 3, 4.—* Dintwyn, 
Cat., I, 1817, p. 49.—*Turron, Conch. Dict., 1819, p. 106.—* Woop, Index 
Test., 1825, p. 12, pl. 11, fig. 26c; ~rev. ed., 1856, p. 15, pl. 1, fig. 26.—*?CHENU, 
Bib. Conch., 1st ser., I, 1845, p. 114, pl. xtvu, figs. 8, 9.'.—* HaNurEy, Ipsa. 
Linn. Conch., 1855, p. 460. 


* Unio pictorum Rerzius, Diss. Hist. Nat., 1778, p. 17.—* SPENGLER, Skriv. Selsk: 


Nat., III, 1793, p. 59.—* DraparNauD, Tab. Moll. Fr., 1801, p. 106; in part 
Hist. Moll. Fr., 1806, p. 181, pl. x1, fig. 4.2—*GaERTNER, Vers. Kin. Syst., 
1813, p. 36.—*Mu.Let, Moll. Maine et Loire, 1813, p. 74.—* Brarp, Hist. 
Coq. Paris, 1815, p. 226, pl. vim, fig. 1.—Brooxes, Int. to Conch., 1815, 
p. 51, pl. u, fig. 12.—*Cuvirr, Regne Animal, II, 1817, p. 473.—* Kurgs, 
Diss. Test., 1818, p. 45.—* Lamarck, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 77.—*C. 
PFEIFFER, L. and Suss. Moll., Pt. 1, 1821, p. 115, pl. v, figs. 9, 20.—* Nis- 
SON, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 111.—* Bosc, Hist. Nat. Coq., III, 1824, 
p. 139, pl. xxi, fig. 3.—* BLAINVILLE, Manual, Mal., 1825, p. 539, pl. Lxvut, 
fig. 2.—*Croucu, Ill. Int. Lamarck, 1827, p. 16, pl. 1x, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.— 
* WAARDENBERG, Com. Hist. Nat., 1827, p. 36.—* KLEEBERG, Moll. Boruss, 
1828, p. 38.—Stark, Nat. Hist., II, 1828, p.90.—* FLEMING, Hist. Brit. Animals, 
1828, p. 416.—*Goupit, Hist. Moll. Sarthe, 1835, p. 84.—* RossMass LER, 
Icon., I, 1835, p. 118, pl. 11, figs. 71, 71a, 71d; ITI, 1836, p. 23, pl. x11, fig. 196; 
VI, 1837, p. 55, pl. xxx, fig. 409; IX, 1839, p. 10, pl. xiv, fig. 587-590; XI, 
1842, p. 14, pl. LV, fig. 741; XII, 1844, p. 30, pl. Lv, figs. 762-766; p. 31, pl. L1x, 
tigs. 767-769.—* FoOURNEL, Faun. Moselle, I, 1836, p. 486.—* FLEMING, Moll. 
Animals, 1837, pl. x1v, fig.51.—* Wyatt, Man. Conch., 1838, p. 67, pl. v1ul, fig. 
6.—* Porro, Mal. Como., 1838, p. 117.—* TERVER, Moll. Terr. et Fluy., 1839, p. 
39.—* ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 15.—* ? Gras, Moll. Isere., 1840, p. 71, 
pl. 1, fig. 8.°—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 205; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 205.— 
*SCHOLZ, Schleis, L. and W. Moll., 1843, p. 127.—*CaTLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—* STABILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 60, pl. 111, fig. 73.— 
*MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 108.—* Brown, L. and F. W. Conch., 1845, p. 
107, pl. XIX, figs. 1-4.—* Puton, Moll. Vosges, 1847, p. 70.——*SrEIN, Die Lebend. 
Schneck., 1850, p. 104, pls. XXIv, xxv, figs. 1, 2.—* MIDDENDOREF, Sib. Reise, 
II, 1851, p. 276, pl. xxviul, figs. 1-3.—-* LEacu, Syn. Moll. Gt. Brit., 1852, p. 
234.—-* Dupuy, Hist. M. Fr., 1852, p. 617, pl. xxvi, fig. 20.—* ForBzEs and 
HANLEY, Hist. Brit. Moll., II, 1853, p. 142, pl. xxxrx, fig. 1.—* KusrTEr, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 88, pl. xx, figs. 1, 2; pl. XXIV; xxv, figs. 1, 2.— 
*MogQuin-Tanpon, Moll. Terr. Fluv. Fr., LU, 1855, p. 576, pl. u, figs, 8, 10; 
LI, figs. 1, 10.—*von WauL, Arch. Naturk. Liv. Est., 2d ser., 1855, p. 105.— 
“NORDENSKIOLD and NYLANDER, Fin. Moll., 1856, p. 838, pl. v, fig. 72.— 
*“DROUET, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 103, pl. vi1.—-* TURTON, Man. L. and I’. W. 
Shells, 1857, p. 279, pl. 11, fig. 11.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 491; III, pl. cxv1, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—* SOWERBY, III. Index Brit. Shells, 
1859, No. 2, pl. vi.—*Goopricu, Ill. Nat. Hist., II, 1859, p. 523, fig.— 
JEFFREYS, Brit. Conch., I, 1862, p. 34.—* Brmuz, Faun. Sieben, 1863, p. 192.— 
* REEVE, L. and F. W. Moll. Brit., 1863, p. 221, fig. 2.—* Tats, L. and F. W. 
Moll. G. Brit., 1866, pl. 1, fig. 3.—* ? SCHRENCK, Reise und F. im Am. Lande, 
II, 1867, p. 696.:—* KoBELT, Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p. 241.—* Wes1ER- 


'U. batavus perhaps. 

?Draparnaud gives figures 1-4 for pictorum. One and 2 may possibly be that spe- 
cies, but they look more like batavus, and 3 is certainly batavus, while 4 is probably 
pictorun. 

3 Doubtful, may be batavus. 

*It is very probable that the specimens from Amur Land and vicinity which have 
been referred to U. pictorum are a smooth variety of Nodularia douglasiw Gray, a 
species resembling it in form, but not at all closely related to it. 


Saw 


682 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. XU, 


LUND, Pan SaeNe oud IDE; 1873) p- B74. Ln HMAN, hie Selneckou 1873, 
p. 290.—* CLEssin, Deutsche Ex. Moll., 1876, p. 153, fig. 294.—* JORDAN, 
Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., VI, 1879, p. 301.—* Drovurr, Mem. Acad. Dijon, VII, . 
1882, p. 10 (reprint).—* L. Apams, Coll. Man., 1884, ce 18, pl. 1, fig. 11.— 
* ? CLESSIN, Moll. Oest., 1887, p.723.—PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 

* Baphie. pictorum MeuscueEn, Mus. Gevers., 1787, p. 472. 

* Lymnium pictorum OKEN, Lehrb., 1815, p. 237. 

* Mysca pictorum TuRvTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 245; ~Man. L. and F. W. 
Shells, Brit. Is., 1831, p. 20, fig. 11. 

* Margarita (Unio) pictorum LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 36; 1838, p. 24. 

* Margaron (Unio) pictorum La, Syn., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p.58. 

* Mya augusta subflava, ete., ScHROTER, Fluss. Conch., 1779, p. 184, pl. m1, fig. 3; 
pl. iv, fig. 6. 

* Mya nodosa GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1788, p. 3222.1—* Woop, Gen. Conch., I, 
1815, p. 110.—* Dittwyn, Cat., I, 1817, p.54.—* Woop, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 12, 
pl. u, fig. 34a; *rev.ed., 1856, p. 16, pl. 11, fig. 34.—* Pare, Conch, Sam., III, 
1890, p. 161. 

*® Unio conus SPENGLER, Skriv. Selsk. Nat., III, 1793, p. 60. 

* Mya ovalis DoNOovaN, Brit. Shells, III, 1801, pl. LXxx1x.—* Turron, Brit. 
Fauna, 1807, p. 146. 

* 2 Unio ovalis SOwERBY, Rec. and Foss. Shells, No. XVI, 1823, fig ~.—* ? REEVE, 
Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 117, pl. LxxxviiI, fig. 1.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st 
ser., I, 1845, p. 67, pl. xxiv, figs. 1-3.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 162. 

* Mya nodulosa Woop (part), Gen. Conch., J, 1815, p. 106, pl. xxii, figs. 3, 4.” 

* Unio nodulosa LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 78. 

* Unio rostrata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 77.—*C. PrEIrrER, Nat. 
Deuts. L.and Suss. Moll., Pt.1, 1821, p. 114, pl. v, fig. 8.—* WAARDENBERG, 
Com. Hist. Nat. Animalium, 1827, p. 36.—* Lamarck, Ene. Méth., II, 1830, 
p. 586.—* MicuauD, Comp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 108, pl. xvi, fig. 25.— 
*BRowN, L. and F.W. Conch., 1836, p. 109, pl. xx, figs. 1, 2; “Ill. Rec. 
Conch., 1844, p. 82, pl. xxxu, figs. 9-12.—* PuTon, Moll. Vosges, 1847, p. 70.— 
. CNY, Moll. Isere., 1840, p. 71, pl. v, fig. 21. 

*Unio rostratus CHENU, Man., II, 1859, p. 137, fig. 658.—*WrESTERLUND, Faun. der 
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 104.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.—*“Locarp, 
Les Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 207.—WESTERLUND, Act. Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, No. 7, 
1897, p. 165. 

* Unio manca LAMARCK, An.sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80. 

*Unio mancus DROUET, Moll. Céte Or, 1867, p.108.—* WEsSTERLUND, Faun. der 
Ral iee tals oOspacos 

* Unio limosus Niusson, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 110.— * RossMassLER, Icon., III, 
1836, p. 24, pl. XIII, fig. 199.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 80, pls. xxq, 
XXII, XXIM.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., {11, 1890, p. 157.—* WeSTERLUND, Faun. 
Pal., I, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 115.—*Locarb, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 211.—*WEsSTER- 
LUND, Ag Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, No. 7, 1897, p. 166. 

*Unio deanna MICHAUD, ont Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 107, pl. xv1, fig. 30.— 
* ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 23, pl. x11, fig. 197.—* Gras, Moll. Isere. 
App., 1840, p. 21.—* Brown, Ill. Ree. Conch., 1844, p. 81, pl. xxx1I, figs. 
1-4; L.and F. W. Conch., 1845, p. 108, pl. xx, figs. 3, 4.—* LocarD, Coq. de 
Fr., 1893, p. 210. 

*Unio dubius FITZINGER, Syst. Verz., 1833, p. 119. 

* Unio michaudiana DES MouLins, Actes Soc. Linn. Bord., VI, 1833, p. 27, plate. 

* Unio longinostrs: ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 26, “al xIv, fig. 200; XI, 1842, 


emnens SPS to Conan: Cabinet X, p. 347, pl. cLXx, fig. 1650, cath a is, ei am quite 
certain, a young U. pictorum. 

2T wo species are figured; figs. 1 and 2 are a heavy, inflated Chinese species; figs. 3 
and 4 are no doubt pictorum. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 683 


p. 18, pl. Liv, fig. 738.—*SraBILe, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 60.—*DROUET, Mem. 
Ac. Dijon, VII, 1882, p. 11 (reprint).—*WESTERLUND, Faun. der Pal., II, Pt. 
7, 1890; p. 117.—*P&TEL, , Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158.—*Locarp, Coq. de 
Fr., 1893, p. 209. 

SEDtanida sicula SWAINSON, Treatise on Mal., 1840, p. 282, fig. 58. 

*Unio siculus HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 383, pl. xx, fig. 19.—* PmrsEt, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 

* Unio arade PHILIpPiI, Enum. Moll. Sic., III, 1844, p. 49.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. 
Unio, 1854, p. 105, pl. xxviml, fig. 6.—* KoBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 62, pl. 
CXVHU, figs. 1146, 1147.—* DroveEtT, J]. de Conch., XXIX, 1881, p. 25, 

*Unio dactylus MORELET, Moll. Port. , 1845, p. 110, pl. x1v vie 2.—* WESTERLUND, 
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 1, 1890, p. 111.—* KoBELT, Icon., new, ser., VI, 1893, p. 98, 
pl. cxxx, fig. 1132. 

* Unio mucidus MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 111.—* KOBELT, Icon., new. ser., VI, 
1893, p. 98, pl. CLXxx, figs. 1130, 1131.—* P&TEL, Conch. Seviny, III, 1390, p- 
160.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 111. 

*Unio quinqueannulatus Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 93, pl. xxv, figs. 3, 
4.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165. 

*Unio pallens KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 95, pl. xxv, fig. 5; xxvI, fig. 1. 

* Unio viridiflavus Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 96, pl. xxv1, figs. 2, 3.— 
*PaeTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171. 

*Unio petrovichiti KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 98, pl. xxvt, fig. 5; XXVII, 
fig. 1.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 163. 

*Unio maltzani KusrER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 106, pl. xxix, figs. 1, 2.— 
*PamTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 

*Unio baletonicus KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 231, pl. Lxxvil, fig. 1.— 
*SurRV-AIN, Hist. Mal. Bal., 1881, p. 98. 

“Unio proechus BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., XIV, 1862, pl. xrx, figs. 1-3; XV, 
1863, p. 19, x1x.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 118. 

*Unio actephilus BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., XIV, 1862, pl. xIx, figs. 7, 8, xx, 
fig. 3; XV, 1863, p. 20. 

“Unio lateladantis GENTILUOMO, Bull. Mal. Ital., I, 1868, p. 54, pl. rv, fics. 1-3. 


Europe generally; Siberia east to the Lena River and perhaps 
. farther; south into Asia Minor?; Algiers?. 


+UNIO PLATYRHYNCHUS Rossmassler. 


*Unio platyrhynchus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., II, 1835, p. 22, pl. 1x, fig. 180; V, 1887, 
p- 20, pl. xxiv, fig. 338:—* Porro, Mal. Como, 1838, p. 117.—* HaNnLry, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 205; * Biv. Shells., 1843, p. 205, pl. xx, fig. 53.—* CaTLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—* KusTEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, 
p. 77, pls. XIX, XX.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icvon., XVI, 1856, pl. xxx, fig. 154.— 
*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 163.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 118. 

* Margarita (Unio) platyrhynchus Lea, Syu., 1836, p. 35; 1838, p. 24. 

“ Margaron (Unio) platyrhynchus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p. 58. 

* Unio fiscallianus KLEectacH, Atti. Soc. Ital., XV, 1872, p. 92.—* PFEIFVER and 
Koss Lt, Mal. Blatt., XX, 1873, p. 92, fig. 

Unio limosus * KOBELT, Icon., new ser., VI, 1893, p. 44, pl. cLv1, figs. 1024—1027.! 


Central and southwestern Europe. 


1 According to Kobelt in above reference, his platyrhynchus =the limosus of Nilsson. 
Nilsson does not figure his species in Hist. Moll. Svec., but refers to pl. v, fig. 10, 
in Pfeiffer’s Land and Susswasser Mollusken, which is plainly a Unio pictorwm. 
Kobelt’s figures, the latter three certainly, are genuine platyrhynchus, which I 
consider a perfectly good species. 


684 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, 


+UNIO PLATYRINCHOIDEUS Dupuy. 


Unio platyrinchoideus Dupuy, Cat. Ext. Gall. Test, 1849;! * Hist. Moll. Fr., VI, 
1852, p. 649, pl. xxvii, fic. 16.—? DrovEn, Nay. Er., Ul, 185%, p. 100; plats, 
fig. 1.—Pa:1EL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 

*Unio platyrhynchoideus WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal.,-Il, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 121. - 

*Unio platyrrhynchoideus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXX, fig. 358. 

“Unio danielis Gassirs, Actes. Soe. Linn. de Bord, XXVI, 1866, p. 132, pl. 1, 
fig, 8.—* WESTFRLUND, Faun. Pal., Il, Pt. 7, 1890, p. i110.—* Parr, Conch. 
Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 150.—* LocarDb, Coq. de. Fr., 1893, p. 199. 

Unio lardelianus Prccniout, Bull. Mal. It., 11, 1869, p. 163, pl. v. 


South France. 
+UNIO ELONGATULUS CC. Pfeiffer. 


*Unio elongatula C. PFEIFFER,” Nat. Deuts., L. and §. Moll., IT, 1825, p. 35, pl. v111, 
figs. 5, 6.—ROssSMASSLER, Icon., IT, 1835, p. 23, pl. 1x, fig. 182; XII, 1844, p. 
AS Til, INA, wie, TNS Wl 187 19, + 42, pl. CLXu, figs. 1644, 1645.—PorRRo, Mal. 
Como, 1838, p. 114.—CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.— 
Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1854, p. 104, pl. xxviu, figs. 4,5.—DRourET, Nay 
Fr., II, 1857, p. 91, pl. vi, fig. 2—H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
491.—SowkRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxv, fig. 451.—DRoUET, J. 
de Conch., XXVII, 1879, p. 331.—*CLEssin, Moll. Oest., 1887, p. 735.— 
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 163.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 
1890, p. 151.—* LocarD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 166, fig. 180. 

* Margarita (Unio) elongatulus Lea, Syn., 1856, 1838, p. 24. 

: Margaron (Unio) elongatulus La, Syn., 1852, p. 37, 1870, p. 59. 


Central Europe. 
+UNIO TUMIDUS Retzius. 


“Unio tumidus RETzIusS, Diss. Hist. Nat., 1778, p. 17.—SPENGLER, Skriv. Selsk. 
- Nat., III, 1793, p.57.--NiLsson, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 109.—RoOssMASSLER, 
Tcon., I, 1835, p. 117, pl. 11, figs. 70, 70a, 70d; III, 1836, p. 27, pl. xiv, figs. 
202-204; VIII, 1838, p. 41, pl. xu, fig. 543; XII, 1844, p. 32, pl. Lx, figs. 
772-778.3— * BRowN, L. and F. W. Conch., 1836, p. 109, pl. xxi, figs. 8, 9.— 
*THANLEY, Jest. Moll., 1842, p. 205; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 205.—~ Brown, II1. 
Rec. Conch., 1844, p. 82, pl. xxxu, figs. 5-8.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. 
Nom., 1845, p. 65.--* STABILB, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 61, pl. 11, fig. 74.—* STxin, 
Die Leb. Schnecken, 1850, p. 103.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr:, 1852, p. 655, pl. 
XxX vu, fig. 20.—* ForBES and HANLEy, ied Brit. Moll. ein 1853, p. 140, pl. 
x1, fig. 1.—*KusTer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 71, Ie XVII, XVIII.— 
* MoquiN-TANDON, Moll. Terr. Fluv., I], 1855, p. 577, pl. 11, figs. 11, 14.—* von 
Waut, Arch. fiir Naturkunde Liy., 2d ser., I, p. 115.—* NORDENSKIOLD and 
NYLANDER, Fin. Moll., 1856, p. 85, pl. vi, figs. 7, 8.-—* Gray, Turton’s Man , 
1857, p. 297.—* DRovET, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 110, pl. 1x, fig. 2.—*H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* SowERBy, III. Int. British Shells, 
1859, pl. vil, No. 3.—* JEFFREYS, Brit. Conch., I, 1862, p. 32.—* REEVE, L. and 
I’. W. Moll. Brit., 1863, p. 219, fig. 1.— ‘Runve, Conch. ious XVI, 1865, pl. 


voreuied a Tee to the Bove hihont page > Raereena, I have not seen the paper. 

2Pfeifter credits this to Muhlfeld in lité. It is a doubtful species, perhaps a 
variety of pictorum, but is generally smaller, thinner, and more compressed, and is 
rather more biangulate behind. Pfeifier’s two figures represent somewhat different 
forms, but they may be the same thing. 

3 Fig. 776 is probably a form of batarus. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 685 


XXV, fig. 124.—* TaTE, L. and F. W. Moll. Brit., 1866, pl. 1, fig. 2.—* KoBEtt, 
Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p. 239.—* Leuman, Die Schnecken, 1873, p. 292.— 
* WESTERLUND, Faun. 8. N. and D., 1873, p.572.—* CLEssIN, Deuts. Ex. Moll, 
1876, p. 458, fig. 299.—* Jorpan, Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., VI, 1879, p. 305.— 
* DROUET, Union. Russ., 1881, p.9; *Mem. Ac. Dijon, 3d ser., VII, 1882, p. 12 
(reprint).—* L. ApAms, Coll. Man., 1884, p. 18, pl. L, fig. 10.—* CLEssIN, Moll. 
Oest., 1887, p. 738.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170.—*KoBeE tt, Icon., 
new ed., VI, 1893, p. 87, pl. CLXxt1tl, fig. 1115.—* LocarD, Coq. Fr., 1893, p. 
212.—* WESTERLUND, Act. Soc. F. and F. F., XIII, 1897, p. 162. 

* Margaron ( Uniaq) twmidus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.36; 1870, p. 58. 

* Unio tumida C. PFEIFFER, Nat. Deuts. L. and 8. Moll., II, 1825, p. 34, pl. vn, 
figs. 2,3; pl. vim, figs. 1, 2.—* KLEEBERG, Moll. Bor., 1828, p. 38.—* PuTon, 
Moll. Vosges, 1847, p. 71. 

* Mya depressa DONOVAN, Brit. Shells, II, 1801, pl. cl.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist 
Ser., I, 1845, p. 71, pl. xxv, figs. 1-3. 

* Unio depressus PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 

* Mya ovata DONOVAN, Brit. Shells, IV, 1802, pl. cxxi1.!'—* MATON and RACKETT, 
Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., VIII, 1807, p. 39.—*-Woop, Gen. Conch., I, 1815, p. 105, 
pl. xix, fig. 5.—* Drttwyn, Cat., I, 1817, p. 50.—?TurRToN, Conch. Dict., 
1819, p. 106.—*Woobp, Ind.Test., 1825, p. 12, pl. 11, fig. 27¢; * rev. ed., 1856, p. 16, 
pl. 1, fig. 27.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., I, 1845, p. 82, pl. xx xu, figs. 1-3. 

* Mysca ovata TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p.246; Man. Shells Brit. Is., 1831, 
p- 21, fig. 12.—* Swanson, Treat. on Mal., 1840, p. 277, fig. 56. 

* Mysca solida TuRtTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 246, pl. xvi, fig.2; Man. Shells 
Brit. Is., 1831, p. 22, fig. 13. 

* Mya ovalis MONTAGU, Test. Brit., 1803, p. 34.—* FLEMING, Hist. Br. Anim., 1828, 
p. 416. 

*Unio ovalis Brown, L. and F. W. Conch., 1836, p. 101, pl. xvii, figs, 4,5; Il. 
Rec. Conch., 1844, p. 82, pl. xxx1, figs. 12-14.—* Leacu, Syn. Moll. Gt. Br., 
1852, p. 322. 

*Margarita (Unio) ovalis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 35; 1838, p. 24 . 

“Unio muelleri ROSSMASSLER, Icon., VITI, 1838, p. 41, pl. XL, fig.541; XI, 1842, p. 
Loa pl awh etion 139. 

*Unio pictorum Brown, Ill. Ree. Conch., 1844, p. 81, pl. xxx1, figs. 8-11. 


Northern and middle Europe; eastern Siberia. 


UNIO TURTONI Payraudeau. 


*Unio turtont PAYRAUDEAU, Cat. Moll. Corse, 1826, p. 65, pl. 11, fig. 65.2—* PHIL- 
IPPI, Moli. Sic., 1836, p. 67.—*ROSSMASSLER, Icon., VII, 1838, p. 25, pl. Xx xv, 
fig. 492.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—* REQUIEN, Cat. 
Coq. Corse, 1848, p. 29.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Franc., 1852, p. 651, pl. xxvn, 
fig. 17.—* PauLuuccl, Bull. Soc. Mal. It., V, 1879, p.107.—* WESTERLUND, 
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 160.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170. 

“Unio capigliolo PAYRAUDEAU, Cat. Moll. Corse, 1826, p. 66, pl. 11, fig. 4.—*Ross- 
MASSLER, Icon., V and VI, 1887, p. 22, pl. xxtv, fig. 341; XII, 1844, p. 28, pl. 
LVH, figs. 755, 756.—* Moquin-TANDON, Moll. Terr. Fluy. Fr., I, 1855, p. 574, . 
pl. L, figs. 38, 4.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 146.—* Pare 
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 147. 

“Unio capigliolo var. bondini Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 147. 

' First described by Lister in Historia Animalinm Anglizw, 1678. 

*This has often been confounded with U. pictorwm, but is generally more rhomboid, 
higher at the posterior part of the ligament, and more plainly marked at the rest 
periods than that species. 


686 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


*Unio pictorum GUERIN, Icon. Regne Anim., II, 1829-1844, pl. xxvin, fig. 16.— 
* BOURGUIGNAT, Mal. Alg., II, 1864, p. 292, pl. xxu, figs. 6-11.—* REEVE, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxv, fig. 125. 

* Unio requientti MICHAUD, Comp. Hist. Nat. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 106, pl. xv1, fig. 24.— 


* ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 24, pl. x11, fig. 198.—*GRaAs, Moll. Isere, . 


1840, p. 21.—* STaBILF, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 62, pl. m1, fig. 1786.—* GasstEs, 
Moll. Agen., 1849, p. 195, pl. 1, figs.4, 5.—* Dupuy, Hist. M. Fr., 1852, p. 652, 
pl. xxvu, fig. 18.—* KusrEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 126, pl. xx1, fig. 7; 
XXVI, figs. 1-3; Xxxvil, figs. 2-4.—* Drouet, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 93, pl. vu, 
figs. 1-3.—* Mousson, Coq. Terr. Fluy. Pal., 1861, p.66.—* DrouEt, Moll. Cote 
@Or, 1867, p. 102.—* BenorT, Mus. Cat. Sic., 1881, p. 170.—* CLEssin, Moll. 
Oest., 1887, p. 731, fig. 494.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 121.— 
* PmreL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165. 

*Unio lobata Puiuipri, Moll. Sic., 1836, p. 67. 

*Unio bandanit ROSSMASSLER, Icon., V, 1837, p. 22, pl. xxiv, fig. 341. 

* Unio pallens ROSSMASSLER, Icon., XI, 1842, p. 13, pl. Lrv, fig. 740.'—* WESTER- 
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 114. 

*Unio hispanus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., XII, 1844, p. 26, pl. Lv1, fig. 747.—* BouR- 
GUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 46, pl. xxiv, figs. 1-3.—* BOURGUIGNAT, 
Rev. et Mag., XVII, 1865, p. 344, pl. x x11, figs. 1-3.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 155.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 139. 

*Unio aleroni COMPANYO and Massot, Bull. Soc. Pyr. @’Or, VI, Pt. 2, 1845, p. 
234, fig. .—* BouRGUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 49, pl. xx1II, figs. 1-3; 
Rey. et Mag., XVII, 1865, pl. x1x, figs. 1-3. 

*Unio rousiti DuPuY, Hist. Moll., VI, 1852, p. 653, pl. x vu, fig. 18.—* MUSGRAVE, 
Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 11, fig. 7. 

* Unio valentinus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1854, p. 37, pl. Lxrx, p. 852.—* Bour- 
GUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 45, pl. xxvit; Rev. et Mag. Zool., XVII, 
1865, p. 343, pl. xx.—*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 140.— 
* PasrEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171. ; 

* Margaron (Unio) valentinus La, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

* Unio ardusianus MOQUIN-TANDON, Hist. Moll. Fr., II, 1855, p. 575.2—* WESTER- 
LUND, Faun. Pal., I], Pt. 7, 1890, p. 109.—* Locarp, Coq. de Franc., 1893, 
p. 205. 

*Unio graellsianus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 47, pl. xxi, figs. 
4-7; *Rev. et Mag., 1865, p. 345, pl. xrx, figs. 4-7.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. 
Pall Di PtSi s90s spe tO: 

*?Unio letourneuxt BOURGUIGNAT, Mal. Alg., 1864, p. 289, pl. xvu, fig. 47.— 
*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 58.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 157. 

*Unio courquinianus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 48; *part, Rev. 
et Mag., 1865, p. 346, pl. xxu, figs. 1, 2. 

*Unio siculus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXx1, fig. 364.° 

*Unio ravoisiert var. issericus KOBELT, Icon., new ser., I, 1884, p. 65, pl. XXVIII, 
fig. 215,—*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., Il, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 142. 

“Unio alexandri KoBELT, Icon., Ist sup., 1895, p. 14, pl. m1, fig. 2. 


Entire circummediterranean region. 


1 Credited by Rossmassler to Parreyss. I do not know where the latter described 
it or whether he described it at all. 

2Moquin-Tandon credits this to a letter from Reynies, 1843, and gives a reference 
to p. 5, pl. 1, figs. 6, 7, of the letter. I do not know that this was ever published. 
He makes it a variety of requienii. 

3This is Potamida sicula Swainson according to Sowerby. I refer Swainson’s shell 
to Unio pictorum, 


4 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 687 


tUNIO RAVOISIERI Deshayes.! 


*Unio ravoisieri DESHAYES, Hist. Nat. Moll. Aceph. Alg., 1848, pl. ovim, figs. 
4-7.2-—* BOURGUIGNAT, Mal. Alg., 1864, p. 291, pl. xx, figs. 5-10.—* Px&Tet, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.—*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, 
p. 142. 

*Margaron (Unio) ravoisieri LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. 

*Unio morcleti DESHAYES, Hist. Moll. Alg., 1848, pl. crx, figs. 1-4; cxun, fig. 
5.—* KOBELT, Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 4, pl. Xx x11, fig. 228.—* WrsTER- ° 
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 141.—*PaTeEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 
160. 

*Margaron ( Unio) moreleti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. 

*? Unio maccarthyanus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1886, p. 221, pl. xxxIv, 
figs. 8-11.—*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 57.—*PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 


Algiers. 
tUNIO MUSSOLIANUS Kuster. 


* Unio mussolianus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 244, pl. LXXx1I, fig. 1.°— 
*Pas1EL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160. 

*Unio bourguignatianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 189; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 54, pl. xvin, fig.51; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 55, pl. x v1u1, fig. 51.— 
“WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178.—*PazTxEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 146. 

*Margaron (Unio) bourguignatianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39. 

*Unio rasus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p.189; *Jl. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1806, p. 50, pl. xvul, fig. 47; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 54, pl. xvi, fig. 47.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165. 

*Margaron ( Unio) rasus LEA, Syn., 1870, p.58. 

*Unio mosulensis Lea, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p.190; *J1. Acad. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p.52, pl. xvit, fig. 49; *Obs., XI, 1867, p.56, pl. xvul1, fig. 49. 

*Margaron (Unio) mosulensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. 

*Margaritana mossulensis P@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 


Assyria. 
UNIO HUETI Bourguignat. 


“Unio huetti BoURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., VII, 1855, p. 332, pl. vu, figs. 1-4.— 
VON MARTENS, Vorderas. Conch., 1874, p. 35, pl. vul, fig.54.—*P TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.—*WrESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 171.4 


Asia Minor. 


1 Doubtfully distinet from U. turtoni. It is not quite so rhomboid as that species, 
which is also found in Algiers, but I have seen much intermediate material which 
hints at a connection of the two. 

*The magnificent work in which this species with other Uniones was figured was 
never finished, and no descriptions of the Naiades were written. The beautiful col- 
ored figures are wonderfully characteristic and are accompanied by names. 

* Credited to Parreyss in catalogue. 

‘This is quite likely only a variety of the preceding, but seems to be thinner and 
is more evenly elliptical. Von Martens believes it to be the same as Lea’s mosulensis. 


688 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. --VOL. XXII. 


UNIO EUCIRRUS Bourguignat. 


* Unio eucirrus BOURGUIGNAT, Mag. Zool., IX, 1857, p. 20, pl. vii, figs. 4-6.— 
* KOBELT, Icon., VII, 1880, p. 82, pl. cov1, fig. 2101.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. 
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 171.—* PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 
* Margaron (Unio) eucirrus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 


Asia Minor. Probably a form of hueti. 


tUNIO TIGRIDIS Bourguignat.! 


* Unio truncatus SWAINSON, Zool. [ll., 2d ser., I, 1829, pl. x.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 
1842, p. 187; * Biv. Shells., 1843, p. 187.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 
1845, p. 64.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 496.—* SowErRBy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXXxv, fig. 453. 

* Margarita (Unio) truncatus LEA., Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 18. 

* Margaron (Unio) truncatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 39. 

* Unio tigridis BouURGUIGNAT, Test. Nov. Saul., 1852, p. 30; * Cat. Rais. Moll., 1853, 
p- 77, pl. 1v, figs. 7-9.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 227, pl. Lxxvit, 
fig. 1.—* KoBELT, Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 2, pl. XXXII, fig. 226.—* WEsTER- 
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt.7, 1890, p. 175.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 
169. 

* Unio dignatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 18638, p. 189; *Jl. Acad. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 51, pl. xvul, fig. 48; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 55, pl. xvu, fig. 48,— 
*PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 

* Margaron (Unio) dignatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39. 

* Margaron (Unio). tigris LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39. 

Unio tigris FERUSSAC, manuscript. ” 

*2Unio kisonis KOBELT, Icon., Ist sup., 1895, p. 17, pl. vii, figs. 2, 3.8 


Asia Minor; Assyria. 
UNIO PIETRI Locard. 


*Unio pietri LOCARD, Comptes Rendus, XCI, 1880, p.500; “Arch. Mus. Lyon, ITI, 
1883, p. 210, pl. xx, figs. 17-19.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, 
p. 170. 

* Unio petroi Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 

* Unio lorteti LOCARD, Comptes Rendus, XCI, 1880, p.502; *Arch. Mus. Lyon, ITI, 
1883, p. 215, pl. xx1, figs. 7-12.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, 
p. 173. 

* Unio tristrami Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 209, pl. xx, figs. 15, 16.— 
* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 
1890, p. 170. 


* Unio tiberiadensis LoCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 216, pl. x x1, figs. 13-15.—- 


*Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 
7, 1890, sp. 174. 


‘Swainson gave the name Unio truncatus to this species in-1829, but that name had 
been applied to a Unio by Spengler in 1793. Bourguignat credits this to Ferussac 
manuscript under the name of Unio tigris. 

°Lea credits this to Ferussac manuscript in museum at Paris. No description has 
ever been published, so far as I know, though several authors have cited it and cred- 
ited it to Ferussac. A specimen in the Lea collection which is no doubt authentic is 
apparently a delicate young tigridis. 

Young shells, and it is very hard to say whether they are tigridis or terminalis. 


— Se er eS 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 689 


* Unio prosacrus LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 219, pl. x x1, figs. 16, 17.— 
*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 174. 

* Unio axiacus Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p..242, pl. xx, figs. 20-23.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145.—* WESTERLUND, Iaun. Pal., IT, Pt. 
el SQOs pn denO: 

* Unio subtigridis Locarpb, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 245, pl. xx1, figs. 18-20.— 
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1899, p. 175.—* Pasrex, Conch. Sam., 
IIT, 1890, p. 168. 

* Unio aremprosthus LocarD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 18838, p. 246, pl. xx1, figs. 21- 
93.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 175. 

*Unio chantri LocArD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1885, p. 247, pl. xxu, figs. 1-7.— 

*P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 

1890, p. 176. 


Asia Minor. 


UNIO ZABULONICUS Locard. 


2 


* Unio zabulonicus Locarpb, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 220, pl. xxu1, figs. 11-18.— 
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 177.—* P“# TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 172. 

*Unio antiochianus Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 249, pl. xxm, figs. 14- 
16.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 176. 


Asia Minor. 
+ UNIO TERMINALIS Bourguignat. 


* Unio terminalis BOURGUIGNAT, Test. Noviss., 1852, p. 31; * Cat. Rais. Moll., 1853, p. 
76, pl. u1, figs. 4-6; *JI. de Conch., IV, 1853, p. 74, pl. 11, figs. 10’ 10’".—* Mous- 
SON, Coq. Terr. et Fluv. Pal., 1861, p. 65.—* KOBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 65, pl. 
CXIx, fig. 115.—*PatrL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.—* WESTERLUND, 
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 174. 

* Margaron (Unio) terminalis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39. 


Lake Tiberias. 
UNIO GRELLOISIANUS Bourguignat. 


* Unio grelloisianus BOURGUIGNAT, Rey. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 227, pl. Xt, figs, 
1-4; Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 74, pl. xx1u, figs. 4-7.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. 
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, pp. 140, 173.— *PasTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154. 

* Unio lunulifer BoURGUIGNAT, Rey. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 227, pl. x1, figs. 5-8.— 
*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 177.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 158. 

* Margaron (Unio) lunulifer Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 37. 

* Unio jordanicus BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 228, pl. x, figs. 1-4.— 
*Mousson, Coq. Terr. Fluv. Pal., 1861, p. 66.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 156.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt.7, 1890, p. 172. 

* Margaron (Unio) jordanicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 44. 


Jordon River. 


1All these so-called species of Locard, some of which he credits to the manuscripts 
of Bourguignat and Lortet, have high beaks placed at some distance from the anterior 
end, are wedge-shaped and more or less pointed posteriorly. I think it quite probable 
that all of them, together with the next species, are mere variations of Bourguignat’s 
old U. terminalis. Of course Locard has figured every possible variation and distor- 
tion and called it a species. 
Proce. N. M. vol. xxii——44 


690 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, SXIL 


UNIO ELLIPSOIDEUS Locard. 

* Unio ellipsoideus LocaRb, Arch. Mus. Lyon., III, 1883, p. 211, pl. xx1, figs. 1-3.!— 
*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., Il, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 171.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 151. 

* Unio genezarethensis LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon., III, 1883, p. 218, pl. xx1, figs. 
4-6.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal.; 
JO, IP iis To eNO), Wo LIA 

* Unio jauberti LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon., III, 1883, p. 248, pl. xxu, figs. 8-10.— 
*“Pa#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 
7, 1890, p. 176. 

* Unio zabulonicus KOBELT, Icon., new ser., VI, 1893, p. 96, pl. CLX XIX, fig. 1129. 

“Unio lortiti KOBELY, Icon., Ist sup., 1895, p. 14, pl. v, fig. 3. 

* Unio kobelti ROLLE, Icon., Ist sup., 1895, p. 15, pl. vi. fig. 3. 

*Unio pietri KOBELT (part), Icon., Ist sup., 1895, p. 16, pl. vi, figs. 1, 2. 

“Unio herodes KOBELT, Icon., Ist sup., 1895, p. 17, pl. v1, fig. 4. 

Lake Tiberias. 
tUNIO DELICATUS Lea.? 

*Unio delicatus LEA, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 189.—*J1. Acad. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 58, pl. xix, fig. 56.—*Obs., XI, 1867, p. 62, pl. XIX, fig. 
56.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178.—* Pa TEL, Conch, 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 

*Margaron (Unio) delicatus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 42. 


Orontes River, Syria. 
(Group of Unio littoralis.) 


Shell rather solid, subinflated, rounded rhomboid, with a faint pos- 
terior ridge, usually slightly biangulate behind and often becoming 
arcuate when old; beaks prominent and full; beak sculpture consisting 
of numerous rather fine, subparallel ridges or corrugations which are 
sometimes a good deal broken up, and which extend well out on the 
disk, but begin at the beaks as normal, somewhat coarse Unio sculpture, 
sometimes with fine radial lines posteriorly; pseudocardinals rather 
solid, subcompressed, smooth below; laterals straight or slightly curved; 
cavity of the beaks rather deep; muscle scars distinct. 

I have never seen the soft parts of any member of this group. 
Quite a number of descriptions have been published of various nominal 
species, most of which go into details as to the color of the different 
parts, but do not give an atom of information as to real characters. 
The animal is dark or highly colored, and seems to be gravid in sum- 
mer, and no doubt carries the young in the outer gills alone. Gills 
large, wider behind, inner the larger, especially in front; mantle thick- 
ened at the edges; palpi very large, elliptical, rounded behind, hanging 
at an angle of 45°; branchial opening large, strongly fringed.’ 


1] think this is a form of grelloisianus. Some forms of the latter are very much 
like U. tigridus Bourguignat, but he says that it has roughened beaks while those 
of tigridis are always smooth. 

2I have only seen the type, a young shell, and its relations are doubtful. The 
sharp, rather pustulous, beak sculpture, and the shining, yellowish epidermis are 
like the pictorum group, but its form is peculiar. It may not come from Syria at all. 

From a figure in Mal. d’Algérie, II, pl. xrx. 


: 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 691 


tUNIO LITTORALIS Lamarck.! 


* Unio littoralis LAMARCK, Syst. An. sans Vert., 1801, p. 114.—* DRaparNaup, 
Tab. Moll. Fr., 1801, p.101; “Hist. Moll. Fr., 1806, p. 135, pl. x, fig. 20.—* MiL- 
LET, Moll. Maine et Loire, 1813, p. 74.—*BRaRp, Hist. Coq., 1815, p. 229.— 
“CuUVIER, Régne Animal, II, 1817, p.473.—* Lamarck, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, 
p: 76.*—DESHAYES, Enc.. Méthod., Il, 1827, p. 151, pl. coxtv11l, fig. 2,—*Mr- 
CHAUD, Comp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 110.—*L&a, Obs., I, 1834, p. 201.—*Gou- 
PIL, Hist. Moll. Sarthe. 1835, p. 83.—*PuHILiprl, Moll. Sic., 1836, p. 66.—*Ross- 
MASSLER, Icon., V, 1837, p. 21, pl. xxiv, fig. 340.—*TERVER, Cat. Moll. Terr. 
et Iluv., 1839, p. 39.—*SowrERBy, Conch, Man., 1839, fig. 145..—*Gras, Moll. 
Isere., 1840, p. 72, pl. v, fig. 20.—*HaNn_ey, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201; “Biv. 
Shells, 1843, p. 201, pl. xx1, fig. 13.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, 
p- 60.—*PuTON, Moll. Vosges., 1847, p.74.—*Gassins, Mol]. Agenais, 1849, p. 
197.—*Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p.632, pl. xx, fig.8; xx1v, figs. 5, 6, 
8.—*ROssMASSLER, Icon., III, 1854, p. 37, pl. Lx1x, fig. 850.—*DRoUET, Nay. 
Fr., II, 1857, p. 66, pl. m, figs. 1,2.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 493.—*Mousson, Coq. Terr. Fluy. Pal., 1861, p. 64.—*REEVE, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxu1, fig. 98.—*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, 
p. 52.—*P £TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 157. 

* Unio littoralis var. minor ROSSMASSLER (part), Icon., XI, 1842, p. 14, pl. Ly, figs. 
743, ? 747.2 

* Unio littoralis var. acarranicus KOBELT, Icon., IV, 1879, p. 40, pl. CLXI, fig. 1638. 

* Unio littoralis var. pianensis KOBELT, Icon., VI, 1888, p. 48, pl. CLXIH, fig. 1648. 

“ Margarita (Unio) litoralis Lua, Syn., 1836, p. 32; 1838, p. 22. 

* Margaron (Unio) litoralis Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 34; 1870, p. 54. 

* Umi litoralis var. wumbonatus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., XII, 1844, p. 27, pl. Lv1, fig. 754. 

* 2Unio granosus SCHUMACHER, Ess. Nouv. Syst., 1817, pl. u, fig. 1.3 

* Unio brevialis LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 73.—* Lra, Obs., I, 1834, 
p. 200.+ 

“ Unio nana LAMARCK, An. sans Vert. VI, 1819, p. 76.—* Lua, Obs., I, 1834, p. 
202.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. 
IPelos JUL IP 5 USI 10); | Oe toto 

* Unio rubens MENKE, Syn., 1830, p. 149.—* RossMassLER, Icon., V and VI, 1837, 
p. 56, pl. XxIXx, fig. 412. : 

* Unio subtetragona Micuavp, Comp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 111.—* Gras, Moll. 
Isere., 1840, p. 21. 

* Unio subtetragonus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* Dupuy, 
Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 634, pl. xx1v, fig. 7. 


‘Lamarck refers this in the Animaux sans Vertébres first to his Systeme An. sans 
Vertébres, published in 1801, and thirdly to Draparnaud (Ilist. Moll. Fr.,1806). Dra- 
parnaud published this species under the name Unio littoralis without a figure in the 
Tableau Mollusques de France, 1801, which appeared, according to Moquin-Tandon, 
about July 1 of that year. I do not know which has priority, but Lamarck refers 
to a characteristic figure in the Encyclopédie Méthodique (1797), thus fixing the 
species without a doubt, and as he is most generally considered its author I shall 
eredit it to him. 

2 Fig. 743 is a small U. littoralis. I think 747 is U. batavus. 

5Only a partial inside view is given of two valves. Schumacher says it very 
much resembles U. corrugatus Retzius, but is larger, and the teeth are very different. 
I believe it isa U. littoralis. 

‘Lamarck refers this species to the Isle of France. Sganzin states (Mém. Soc. 
Hist. Nat. Strasb., 1840-46, p. 8) that the amateurs he consulted in that island 
assured him that no such mollusk was found there. According to Lea it is Unio 
littoralis. 


692 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


“Unio incurvus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., LV, 1831, p. 97, pl. x11, fig. 27; *Obs., I, 
1834, p. 107, pl. x11, fig. 27.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x1, figs. 1, la, 10. 
Unio draparnaldi DESHAYES, Desc. Coq. Terr., 1831, p. 38, pl. X1v, fig.6.—* Pa TEL, 

Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. 151. 

“Unio pianensis FARINES, Ann. des Sci. Nat., IT, 1854, p. 118.—* MGLLER, Syn. Nov. 
Gen., 1836, p. 197.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 635, pl. xx1v, fig. 4. 

*Unio bigerrensis MILLET, Guer. Mag., 1845, p. 3, pl. LXIV, fig. 1. 

* Unio bigorrensis LOCARD, Coq. de Franc., 1893, p. 153. 

“Unio fellmani DESHAYES, Hist. Nat. Moll. Alg., 1848, pl. cviul, figs. 8, 9.— 
*KusTEeR, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 151, pl. xu1v, fig. 1.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., IJ, 1857, p. 491.—* Pa Tet, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 

*Margaron (Unio) fellmani LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 

*Unio barrandii Durty, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 635, pl. xxv, fig. 1. 

*Unio astierianus Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 636, pl. x x11, fig. 9. —* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxvi; fig. 461.—* WrsTERLUND, Faun. Pal., 
II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 53.—* Locarp, Coq. de Franc., 1893, p. 153. 

*Unio cuneatus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., XIII and XIV, 1854, p. 37, pl. UXIx, fig. 851.— 
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149. 

“Unio rhomboideus MOQUIN-TANDON, Moll. Terr. Fluv. Fr., I], 1855, p. 568, pl. 
XLVUI, figs. 4,9; xix, figs. 1,2.—*BourGuiGNaT, Mal. Alg., 1864, II, p. 284, 
pl. xvi; Rev. et Mag., XVIII, 1866, p.11.—* Locarn, Coq. de Franc., 1893, 
p. 152, fig. 165. 

* Unio rothi BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Nonv., 1863, p. 41, pl. xx, figs. 1-6; Rev. et 
Mag., XVII, 1865, p. 337, pl. xv1.—* KoOBELT, Icon., VI, 1879, p. 40, pl. cxx1, 
fig. 1639.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890. p. 166.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. 
Pal., Il, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 59. 

* Unio umbonatus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Nouv., 1863, p. 42, pls. XxI, Xx11; * Rev. et 
Mag., XVII, 1865, p. 339, pls. Xv11, XVUII.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 
Pt.-7, 1890, p. 54. 

* Unio subreniformis BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Nouv., 1863, p.43; Rev. et Mag., XVII, 
1865, p. 340.—* KOBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 64, pl. oxv111, fig. 1151.—*WESTER- 
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 54: 

* Unio ater REEVE, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1865, pl. xx1, fig. 19. 

* Unio crassus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxu1, fig. 98. 

* Unio valentinus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. X11, fig. 225. 

*Unio mauritanicus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Nouv., 1868, p. 317, pl. xiv, figs. 1-5.— 
* KOBELT, Icon., II, new ser., 1886, p.5, pl. xxx1u1, fig. 230.—* WESTERLUND, 
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 56. 

* Unio ksibianus Mousson, Mal. Blatt., XXI, 1873, p. 156; * Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. 
Ges., I, 1874, p. 104, pl. v, fig.6.—* KonELt, Icon., IV, new ser., 1876, p. 65, 
pl. CXIXx, fig. 1153.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156.—* WrsTERLUND, 
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890. 

* Unio jolyi KOBELT, Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 22, pl. X11, fig. 256.—* Pa: TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156.—*WersTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 57. 

* Unio maccarthyanus KOBELT, Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p.5, pl. xxx, fig. 229. 

* Unio letourneauxt KOBELT, Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 3, pl. XXxu, fig. 227. 

* Unio lycicus ROLLE, Icon., 1st sup., 1895, p. 18, pl. 1, fig. 1. 


Southern Europe; Asia Minor; Assyria; Morocco; Algiers. 
+UNIO DELESSERTI Bourguignat:! 


Unio delesserti BOURGUIGNAT, Voy. Mer. Mort., 1852, p. 77; Test. Nov. Saul., 1852, 
p. 29; *Cat. Rais. Moll., 1853, p. 77, pl. 111, figs. 7-9.—* Rou, Mal. Blatt., 1856, 


1 Approaches U. littoralis, and may be only a variety of that, but is not so elon- 
gated. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 693 


I, p. 57.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. 
Pails, JUL Wethe ey TBO) joo ILA 
* Margaron ( Unio) delesserti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 


Syria. 
+UNIO SEMIRUGATUS Lamarck.! 


* Unio semirugatus LAMARCK, An. san. Vert., VI. 1819, p.76.—* DELESSERT, Rec. 
Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. x11, figs. 6, 6a, 6b. 

*tUnio emesaensis La, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, p.286; Jl. Acad. N. Sci. 
ohare Vell S63 paso, ple exexexe to G80 Obs, XM S69 sph 14 lx xx, 
fig. 68.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p.61.—* PaTrEx, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. 

* Margaron (Unio) emesaensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57. 

t* Uniosimonis TRISTRAM, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, Pt. 2, p.544.2—* Locarp, Arch. 
Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 239, pl. xx, figs. 1-3.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 
Pt. 7, 1890, p. 60.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167.—* KoBELT, Icon., 
new ser., VI, 1893, p. 91, pl. CLXXvI, fig. 11215 first supp., 1895, p. 18, pl. 111, 
figs. 1-3. 

*Unio luynesi Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 205.—* Parent, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 

*Unio galilwi Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, ill, 1883, p. 206, pl. xx, figs. 10-12.3— 
WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 60.—* KOBEL1, Icon., 1st sup., 
1895, p. 20, pl. vu, figs. 4, 5. 

*Unio timius Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 207, pl. xx, figs. 13, 14.— 
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 
Pt. 7, 1890, p. 61. 

*Unio rhomboidopsis LOCARD, Arch. Mus. Lyon, III, 1883, p. 239, pl. xx, figs. 7-9.— 

; *“P2&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 
7, 1890, p. 61. 

* Unio rollei KOBELT, Icon., lst supp., 1895, p. 20, pl. 1v, figs. 1, 2. 

*Unio trache KOBELT, Icon., 1st supp., 1895, p. 21, pl. vita, fig. 2.4 

“Unio wagneri KOBEL?, Icon., 1st supp., 1895, p. 22, pl. vil, figs. 1, 2. 

Asia Minor. 
tUNIO HOMSENSIS Lea. 


“Unio homsensis Lea, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 285; Jl. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 249, pl. xx1x, figs. 63; *~Obs., XII, 1869, p.9, pl. 
XXIX, fig. 63.—*Locarp, Arch. Mus. Lyon., III, 1883, p. 275.—* Pars, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.—* WrsTERLUND, Faun. Pal. II, Pt. 7, 1890, 
p. 62. 

*Margaron (Unio) homsensis La, Syn. 1870, p. 31. 


Syria. 


1 Lea and Ferussac both referred this to littoralis after examining Lamarck’s shells. 
I have seen specimens in the collection of the former from the Jardin des Plantes, 
Paris, which are, no doubt, authentic, and which, I think, perhaps, are specifically 
different from littoralis, being much shorter and more rounded. 

2A specimen of thisin the U.S. National Museum collection, from Tristram, labeled 
as above, is the same as Lea’s examples of semirugatus. 

Published as Unio maris-galilwi in list in Comptes Rendus, XCI, p. 502; but not 
described. 

4Some of these approach very close to specimens of U. littoralis, especially to the 
form called U. rothi Bourguignat, which I have placed in that species, and I should 
not be surprised if there was an absolute connection between the short, rounded 
forms of U. semirugatus and the longer rhomboid JU, littoralis. 


694 PROCEEDINGS UF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXI. 


UNIO PSEUDONYMUS Simpson.! 
* Unio hueti KOBELT, Icon., new sevr., II, 1886, p. 22, pl. x1, fig. 225. 
Euphrates and Tigris rivers. 
t UNIO FERUSSACIANUS Lea. 


*Unio ferussacianus La, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 255. Footnote 
to description of U. emesaensis.—* Lua, Obs., XII, 1869, p. 15. Footnote. 
*Margaron (Unio) ferussacianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 


Bagdad. 
UNIO EPISCOPALIS Tristram. 


*Unio episcopalis TRISTRAM,? Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1865, p. 544.—Von MARTENS 
Vorderas. Conch., 1874, p. 68.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 
62.—*P TEL. Conch. Sam., If], 1890, p. 151.—* Koper, Icon., VI, new ser., 
1893, p. 89, pl. CLxxv, fig. 1119. 


Orontes River, Syria. 
tUNIO DURIEUI Deshayes. 


*Unio duriewt DESHAYES, Hist. Nat. Moll. Alg. Atlas, 1847, pl. crx, figs. 5-8.2— 
30URGUIGNAT, Mol. Alg., II, 1864, p. 288, pl. x1x, figs. 4-8.—* WESTERLUND, 
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 142.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. 

*Margaron ( Unio) durieut LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 48. 

* Unio sitifensis MORELET, JI. de Conch., II, 1851, p. 360. 

Unio orientalis BOURGUIGNAT, Test. Noviss., 1852, p. 29. 

*Unio bruguierianus BOURGUIGNAT, Cat. Rais., 1853, p. 78, pl. 11, figs. 54-58.— 
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 172.—* Paren, C. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 146. 

*“Margaron (Unio) bruguierianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 44. 

*Unio vescoti BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et. Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 74, pl. 11, figs. 4—8.4— 
* KXOBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 66, pl. CXIX, fig. 1154.—*WESTERLUN -, Faun. 
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 152.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171. 

*Margaron (Unio) vescot LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 

*Unio schwerzenbachi BOURGUIGNAT, Kev. et Mag., VIII., 1856, p. 75, pl. viu, figs. 
1-5.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 266, pl. xc, fig. 2.—* SOwEnBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xiv, fig. 241.—*KoOBELT, Icon , VII, 1880, p. 81, 
pl. cevi, fig. 2099.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 95. 

*Unio prusii BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 76, pl. 111, figs. 1-4. 

* Unio damascensis LEA,°® Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863. p. 190; Jl. Acad. 


1 Kobelt supposed this to be the U. hueti of Bourguignat, and figured and described 
it for that species. It is, however, very distinct, and I therefore am compelled to 
give it a new name. 

2Tristram only describes this in Latin, and does not figure it; and as I have never 
seen an authentic specimen I am obliged to depend on Kobelt’s figure, which agrees 
well with Tristram’s diagnosis. These make it a large, somewhat sulcate form, 
shaped like batavus, but more compressed and having a beautiful purple nacre. 

3 There does not seem to be any essential difference between the Algerian and the 
Syrian shells, which I have referred to this species. 

4 Bourguignat says he has received numerous specimens of this from Drouet, labeled 
U. turcicus Parreyss, but Parreyss’s names. were only in manuscript, and were never 
published, and have therefore no scientific standing. 

5 Only the type is in the Lea collection, and it appears to be a delicate specimen of 


duricui. 


_ No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON,. 695 


Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 55, pl. xvul, p.52; *Obs., XI, 1869, p. 59, pl. 
Xvi, fig. 52.—*PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.—* WesrERLunp, 
Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178. 

* Margaron ( Unio) damascensis Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

* Unio orontesensis Lua, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 190; Jl. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila., V1, 1866, p. 53, pl. xviul, fig. 50; * Obs., XI, p.57, pl. xv1u1, fig. 50.— 

*“ WESTERLUND, J'aun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178.—P TEL, Conch. Sart. SDE. 
1890, p. 162. 

* Margaron ( Unio) orontesensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*Unio orphaensis Lea, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vee 1864, p. 285; Jl. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila , VI, 1868, p. 250, pl. xx1x, fig. 64; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 10, 
pl. XXIXx, fig. Gt. _-* Wrst ERLUND, Faun. Pal. pO, 1th 7, 1890, p. 179.—* Paren 
Conch. Sons ILI, 1890, p. 162. 

* Margaron Gane) ouphachets Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

* Unio mardinensis Lea, Pr. ivan Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 286; *Jl. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 252, pl. xxx, fig. 66; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 12, pl. 
XXX, fig. 66.—* WuSTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II., Pt. 7, 1890, p. 179. 

* Margaron (Unio) mardinensis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 53. 


. 


tUNIO DURIEUI var. KULLETHENSIS Lea. 


* Unio kullethensis LEA, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 285; * Jl. Acad. 
Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 251, pl. xxix, fig, 65; *“Obs., XII, 1869, p. 11 
pl. xxIx, fig. 65.—* Wenn, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178. 

* Margaron ( Unio) kullethensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53, 

* Unio kallethensis and kullinthensis PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156. 


7 


Algiers; Tunis; Asia Minor, Assyria; Southeastern Europe. 


+UNIO SYRIACUS Lea.! 


“Unio syriacus Lea, Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 189; * J1. Acad. Nat. 
Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 56, pl. x1x, fig. 53; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 60, pl. xIx, fig. 
53.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., IJ, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 178.—* PareL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 169. 

* Margaron (Unio) syriacus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. 


Orontes River, Syria. 
UNIO BYTHINICUS Kobelt. 
*Unio bythinicus KOBELT, Icon. new gone VI, 1893, p. 96, pl. CLXXIX, fig. 1128. 
Asia Minor. 
UNIO MICELII Kobelt. 


*Unio micelii KOBELT, Nach. Mal. Ges., XVI, 1884, p. 182; Icon., new ser., II, 
1886, p. 24, pl. XLUI, figs. 260, 261. 


Tunis. 
+UNIO EMARGINATUS Lea.? 


*Unio emarginatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 62, pl]. 1x, fig. 22; *Obs., I, 
1834, p. 174, pl. 1x, fig. 22 


'T have only seen a single, badly eroded specimen, the type, but it seems to differ 
from anything I know. It probably belongs to this group. 

2Lea’s only shell, the type, consists of two opposite, odd valves. One of these may 
possibly be an elongated batavus, the other appears distinct. 


696 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


“Margarita ( Unio) oie La. Sous 1838, p. 26. 
“Margaron (Unio) emarginatus LEA, Seam, 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. 


Locality unknown. I have no doubt that it belongs Sonne nEne | in 
the circummediterranean region. 


+UNIO CARNEUS Kuster. 


“Unio carneus KustTErR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p.103, pl. xxviut, figs. 1, 2.— 
*DrovuEt, Mem. Acad. Dijon, VII, 1882, p. 23, reprint.—* Parr, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 

“Unio gontierti BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et Mag., IX, 1857, p. 16, pl. Iv, figs. 1-4.— 
*WESTERLUND, I’aun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 67. 

*Margaron (Unio) gontiert Lua, Syn. 1870, p. 44. 

* Unio penchinatianus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Peu. Con., 1863, p. 44, pl. xxv; * Rey. 
et Mag., XVII, 1865, p. 342, pl. xx1.—* KoOBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 66, pl. 
CXIX, fig. 1155. 


Southern Europe. 
+UNIO BATAVUS Maton and Rackett. 


*“? Mya pictorum GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1788, p. 3218'.—* Donovan, 
Brit. Shells, V, 1803, pl. cLxx1v.—* ? CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., I, 1815, 
p. 114, pl. xtvu, figs. 8, 9. 

* Unio pictorum DRAPARNAUD, part, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1806, p. 131, pl. x1, figs. 1-4.? 

* Mya batava Maton and RackeEtTt,? Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., VIII, 1807, p. 37.— 
“Woop, Gen. Conch., I, 1815, p. 303, pl. x1x, figs. 1, 2.—*Diztwyn, Cat., I, 
1817, p. 49.—* TurTON, Conch. Dict., 1819, p. 105.—*Woobp, Ind. Test., 1825, 
p. 12, pl. m1, fig. 250; rev. ed., 1856, p. 15, pl. m1, fig. 25. 

* Unio batava LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 78.1—C. PFEIFFER, Nat. L. 
and Suss. Moll., Pt. 1, 1821, p. 119, pl. v, fig. 14.—* DrsHayEs, Enc. Méth., 
Il, 1827, p. 151, pl. cexnyin, fig. 3; Il, 1830, p. 584, pl. ceoxuvul,) figs 3:— 
*WAARDENBERG, Com. Hist. Nat. An., 1827, p. 36.—* KLEEBERG, Moll. Bor., 
1828, p. 38.—* FLEMING, Hist. Brit. Moll., 1828, p. 416.—* Srarx, Nat. Hist., 
II, 1828, p. 90.—* Micuaub, Comp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 109.—* Gourit, 
Hist. Moll. Sarthe, 1835, p. 83.—* FourRNEL, Faun. Moselle, I, 1836, p. 487.— 
“Gras, Moll. Isere., 1840, p. 21.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conen Nom., 1845, 
p. 56.—* Puron, Moll. Vosges, 1847, p. 75. 

“Mysca batava TURTON, Conch. Ins. Brit., 1822, p. 244.—*TurToNn, Man. L. and F. 
W. Shells, Brit. Is., 1831, pl. xx. fig. 10. 

* Unio batavus NILSSON, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 112.—* RossMASSLER, Icon., II, 
1835, p. 20, pl. vill, figs. 128, 1284, 128; III, 1836, pp. 28, 32, pl. xrv, fig. 205; 
XV, fig. 214; V and VI, 1837, p. 56, pl. xx1x, fig. 414; XI, 1842, p. 14, pl. Lv, fig. 
745.—~ DRONE L.and F. W. Conch., 1836, p. 111, pl. xv111, figs. 6-8; XxXx1, figs. 
10, 11.—*? ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 15. SHANLy, Test. Moll. , 1842, 


} Ghai refers to the figure by Chemnitz in Conchylien Cabinet, VI. This feue 
is probably a light-colored batavus. 

* Tig. 3 is certainly batavus, and figs. 1 and 2 may be. 

* Maton and Rackett de not figure their species, but refer to several figures. The 
first is in Ginanni, Opere Postume, 1755, pl. rv, fig. 17. This work I have not seen. 
The figures referred to in Schréter’s Flussconchylien, in Chemnitz, and the Eneyclo- 
pédie Methodique (pl. 248, tig. 3) are what we understand as U. batavus, the latter 
being the one cited by Lamarck. 

‘Lamarck does not figure his species, but refers to plate CCXLvil, fig. 3, in the 
Encyclopédie Méthodique, which is the species commonly known as Unio batavus. 


No. 1205. 


SYNOPSIS OF THE NATAD EK 


697 


p. 195; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 195.—*ScHouz, Schleis. L. and W. Moll., 
1843, p. 133.—* Brown, Il. Recent Conch., 1844, p. 82, pl. xxxX1, figs. 3, 3a, 
4-6.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 638, pl. xxv, figs. 14, 15.—*KusTrr, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 121, pl. xxx, figs. 4-7; xxx1vy, figs. 1, 2.— 
*VON WAHL, Suss. Biv. Liv., 1855, p. 96.—* MoQuin-TANDON, Moll. Terr. et 
Fluy. Fr., I], 1855,.p.571, pl. xurx, figs. 7, 8.—* Drourt, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, 
p- 79, pl. vi, fig. 1.—*H.and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.— 
*BIELZ, Faun. Sieben, 1863, p. 193.—* BourGurianaT, Mal. Alg., 1864, p. 286, 
pl. XIx, fig. 9; xx, figs. 1-4.—*“Sowrrsy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xi, 
fig. 234.—* Bror, Coq. Fam. Nay. Leman, 1867, p. 49, pl.1x, figs. 1-5.—* Ko- 
BELT, Faun. Nass. Moll., 1871, p.242.—* Leuman, Die Schnecken, 18738, p. 
295.—* CLESSIN, Deutsche Ex. Moll., 1876, p. 463, fig. 302.—* Drovurr, Mem. 
Acad. Dijon, VII, 1882, p. 18 (reprint).—* CLrssin, Moll. Oest., 1887, p. 
741.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 74.—* PaTrL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 145.—* LocarD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 167.—* WESTERLUND, 
Act. Soc. F. and F. ¥., XIII, No. 7, 1897, p. 162. 


*Margarita (Unio) batavus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20. 
*Margaron (Unio) batavus Lma, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 47. 
*Unio batavi var.? ROSSMASSLER, Icon., V and VI, 1837, p. 55, pl. xxrx, fig. 410. 
*Unio. nanus Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 640, pl. xxv, fig. 16.—* Kone zr, 


Icon., VI, 1879, p. 42, pl. cLxu, figs. 1642, 1643.—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, 
p. 154, fig. 168. 


*Unio riparia C. Prrtirrir, Nat. L. and $. Moll., 1821, Pt. 1, p. 118, pl. v, fig 


13.—* KLEEBERG, Moll. Bor., 1828, p. 39. 


*Unio riparius SCHOLZ, eos L. and W. Moll., 1843, p. 129.—* WrsTERLUND, 


Haun. Pal., Il, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 90.—* Locarp, ‘Coa de Er, 18935 py 164: 


*? Unio crassus ee Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 108. __TAgsisuunserae. cons la, 


1835, p. 19, pl. vitt, figs. 126, 1272; V and VI, 1837, p. 55, pl. XXXIX, fig. 411.— 
Moquin-Tanpon, Moll. Terr. and Fluv. Fr., II, 1855, p.570; III, pl. xurx, 
figs. 3, 4.—* NORDENSKIOLD and NYLANDER, Fin. Moll., 1856, p. 84, pl. v1, 
fie. 72.—* DrovurET, Nay. Fr., II, 1857, p. 76, pl. 1v, ig. 2.—* WrstERLUND, 
Faun. Sw., N. and Den., 1873, p. 569.*—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 162, 
fig. 176.—* WESTERLUND, Acta Soc. I. and F. F., XIII, No. 7, 1897, p. 159. 


~*Unio crassus variety batavus JORDAN, Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., VI, 1879, p. 307. 
*Unio ater Niusson, Hist. Moll. Svec., 1822, p. 107.—*RossMassLeEr, Icon., IT, 


1835, p. 23, pl. 1x, fig. 183; VII and VIII, 1838, p. 41, XL, fig. 543.—*Scnorz, 
Schleis. L. and I’. W. Moll., 1843, p. 131.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, 
p. 114, pl. xx, figs.1, 2, 6; xxx, figs. 1-4.—* Moguin-TaNnpon, Moll. 
Yerr. et Fluv. Fr., 11, 1855, p. 570, pl. XLIx, figs. 5, 6.—*DRovuET, Nay. Fr., 
Il, 1857, p. 72, pl. 1v, fig. 1; Mem. Acad. Dijon, VII, 1882, p. 14 (reprint).— 
*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 65.—*Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 145.—*LocaRp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 176.—*WESTERLUND, Act. Soc. 
15 NCL INS Io, ROOIE IN@s We UN, Wwe Wed 


*Unio atra DESHAYES, Encye. Meth., II, 1830, p. 582. 
Unio rugatus MENKE, Syn. Moll., 1828, p. 90.—*RossmMass.LER, Icon., V and VI, 


IcsI1G) Dp (5 OIG o-abs<5) 1ilfers 415. 


*Unio elongata MicHAUD, Comp. Hist. Moll. Fr., 1831, p. 118, pl. xv1, fig. 29. 
*Unio labacensis ROSSMASSLER, Icon., JOG, ake. 5) Zale 


‘Nilsson claims that this is Retzius’ species, and that it is found in the rivers of 


Sweden. 


His Latin description is so brief that nothing can be made out of it. I 


have no doubt that he had Unio batavus before him when he wrote it. 

21 believe that this is a rather large batavus and the figures are almost exactly like 
those he gives of that species. 

°Claimed to be crassus of Retzius, but he gives U. ater of Nilsson as one variety 
and batavus Lamarck as another. 


698 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


*Unio decurvatus ROSSMASSLEI aan, ni 1835, p. 22; ple ix tig. 1311; VW and! Vil; 
1837, p. 21, pl. xxtv, fig. 339.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 108, pl. 
xxx, figs. 1, 2.—*MusGrave, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 11, fig. 4.—SowEnrby, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. LVt, fig. 284.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 
1890, p. 92.—Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 

*Unio reniformis ROSSMASSLER, Icon., IIT, 1836, p. 31, pl. XV, fig. 213.—* SCHOLZ, 
Schleis, L. and W. Moll., 1843, p. 1582.—* KustTr1 , Conch: Cab. Unio, 1854, 

* p. 110, pl. xxx, figs. 3, 4.—* BOURGUIGNAT, Roe et Mag., 1865, pl. xx111, 
figs. 4-6.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, DL UNS, eho 371.—* Wrst- 
ERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, P 80.—* Locanp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 161. 

* Unio carinthiacus ROSERIASETOR, Icon., III, 1836, p. 30, pl. xv, fig. 309. 1_* Sow- 
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1856, pl. xxx, fig. 157; ~P#rsL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 147. ATL @eATe, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p.- 167. 

“Unio amnicus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 31, pl. xv, fig. 212.—* KusrER, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 99, pl. xxvul, fig. 2.—*DRovurtT, Mem. Acad. 
Dijon, VIII, 1882, p. 22 (reprint).—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, 
p. 89.—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 163, fig. 177. 

* Unio piscinalis ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 30, pl. xv, fig. 210.—* LOcARD, 
Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 160. 

* Unio atrovirens ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 28, pl. xv, figs. 206, 207.— 
ScumiptT, Bull. Imp. Soc. N. H. Moscow, 1840, p. 

“Unio consentaneus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 29, pl. xv, fig. 208; VII, 1838, 
p. 25, pl. XxxvV, fig. 491; p. 42, xu, fig. 544; XI, 1842, p. 14, pl: Lv., fig. 742, 

* Unio fusculus ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 30, pl. xv, fig. sD oni, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 159, fig. 173. 

“Unio? ROSSMASSLER, Icon., III, 1836, p. 27, pl. xiv, fig. 201. 

* Unio stevenianus DROUET, Unionide Russ., 1881, p. 14;? Jl. de Conch., XXIX, 1881, 
p- 24; Supp. Un. Serbie, 1884, pls. 1, 11.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 
1890, p. 66.—* KoBELT (part), Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 38, pl. Lu, fig. 281.° 

*Unio bandini KustErR, Icon., V and VI, 1837, p. 22, pl. xxtv, fig. 341. 

*Unio glaucinus PoRRO, Mal. Como., 1838, p. 115.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. 
Nom., 1845, p.59.—*STABILE, Faun. Lug., 1845, p. 61, pl. m1, fig. 75.—* KOBELT, 
Icon., new ser., II, 1886, p. 19, pl. XL, fig. 251.—*Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 154.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 90. 

*Unio gargotte ROSSMASSLER, Icon., VII, 1838, p. 26, pl. Xxxv, fig. 493.—* Mon- 
TEROSATO, Nat. Sic., new ser., 1896, p. 6, fig. 1. 

? Unio corrugata MANDUYT, Moll., Vienna, 1839, p. 8. 

? Unio rotundata MANDUYT, Moll., Vienna, 1839, p. 9.4 

?Unio gangrenosus SCHMIDT, Bull. Imp. N. H. Moscow, 1840, p. .—* Kuster, 
Conch. Cab. Unio., 1854, p. 124, pl. xxx1v, figs. 3, 4.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. 
Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 81.—* P&# TE, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 153. 

Unio pruinosus SCHMIDT, Bull Soc. Nat. Mose., 1840, p. 445.—* Drougt, Jl. de 
Conch., X XIX, 1881, p. 248; *Mem. Acad. Dijon, VII, 1882, p. 21 (reprint).— 
*PxATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.—* WerEsTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, 

t. 7, 1890, p. 82.—* LocaRD, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p. 160. 

*Unio littoralis var. minor ROSSMASSLER (part), Icon., XI, 1842, p. 14, pl. Ly, 

fig. 744. 


1Rossmassler credits this and several other species to Zeigler. So far as I am 


able to learn these are mere manuscript names. Neither Moquin Tandon or Locard. 


give Zeigler as an author in their bibliographies of writers on French mollusks, and 
Lea refers only to his manuscript. I have not seen his Systematisches Verzeichniss. 

2Generally credited to Krinické, who published the naked name in Bull. Nat. Mosce., 
1857. 

3 Fig, 280, said to be this, is probably U. twmidus. 

4 Both these species of Manduyt are batavus? according to Moquin Tandon. 


> fa 


pili xe 


—— tT D 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADE 


SIMPSON. 699 


* Unio manca MILLET, Guer. Mag., 1843, p. 4, pl. LXIv, fig. 2. 

*Unio mancus Dupuy, Hist. M. Fr., 1852, p. 642, pl. xxv1, fig. 17.—*Locarp, Coq. 
Fr., 1893, p. 156, fig. 170. 

*Unio moquinianus Dupuy, Moll. Gers., 1843, p. 89, pl.—* RossMaAssLER, 
Icon., XII, 1844, p. 31, pl. tix, fig. 769.—*KustErR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 
100, pl. xxvu1, figs. 3, 4, 5.—* Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 644, pl. xxv1, 
fig. 18.—* Moquin-TANDOn, Moll. Terr. and Fluy. Fr., 1855, p. 573, pl. 1, figs. 
1, 2.—* Dupuy, Rev. et Mag., VIII, 1856, p. 75.—* DrouET, Nay. Fr., II, 
1857, p. 88, pl. vi, fig. 3.—* PasrTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.—* Wustrr- 
LUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 146.—* Locarpb, Coq. de Fr., 1893, p.179. 

*Unio requient ROSSMASSLER, Icon., XII, 1844, p. 29, pl. Lvu, figs. 757-761.— 
* KUSTER (part), Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 126, pl. xx xvV1, fig. 2.! —* Moquin- 

~Tanpon, Moll. Terr. et Fluv. Fr., II, 1855, p. 574, pl. u, figs. 5-7.—* KoBE.T, 
Jcon., VI, 1879, p. 43, pl. crxim, fig. 1647.—* Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 1893, 
p. 190. 

*Unio sandri RASSMASSLER, Icon., XII, 1844, p. 26, pl. Lv1, figs. 748-750.—* KusTER, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 101, pl. Xx vU, figs. 6, 7.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1868, pl. Lxx1x, fig. 413.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.— 
* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 93. 

2 Unio aleront COMPANYO and Massor, Bull. Soc. Agr. Sc. Pyr. d’Or, VI, Pt. 2, 1845, 
p. 234, fig. 2.—* KOBELT, Icon., IV, 1876, p. 64, pl. cx vim, fig. 1150.2 

Unio badius KOKEIL, Mich. Comp., 1851, pl. Xv1, fig. 36.—*CarLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—KoxkEIL, Gallenst. Kiirnt. Conch., 1852, p. ?.° 

*? Unio wolwichtti MORELET, Moll. Port., 1845, p. 105, pl. x11, fig. 1. 

Unio jacquemini Dupuy, Cat. Ext. Gall. Test., 1849, No. 328.—*Dupuy, Hist. M. 
Pr., 1852, p. 643, pl. xxv, fig. 17.—*KoBELT, Icon., VI, 1879, p. 42, pl. cuxm, 
fig. 1641.—*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 128.——*Locarp, 
Coq. Fr., 1893, p. 188. 

Unio droueti Dupuy, Cat. Ext. Gal. Test., 1849, No. 327; Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, 
p. 639, pl. xxv, fig. 14. 

Unio philippi Dupuy, Cat. Ext. Gal. Test., 1849, No. 335; Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, 
p. 654, pl. xxvint, fig. 19. 

*Unio ovalis Dupuy, Hist Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 637, pl. xxv. fig. 18. 

*Unio spinellii Vitus, in Moll. Bres., 1852, p. 50, fig. D. 

*Unio moulinsiana Dupuy, Hist. Moll. Fr., VI, 1852, p. 640, pl. xxrv, fig. 10.— 
*MOQUIN-TANDON, Hist. Moll. Fr., II, 1855, p. 572.—*Locarp, Coq. de Fr., 
1898, p. 152. 

*2 Unio petterianus KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1854, p. 97, pl. xxvil, fig. 4.—*H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—*Pa TEL, C. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 163.— 
*“WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 115. 

*Margaron (Unio) petterianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 31, 1870, p. 49. 

“Unio capigliolo KusTER (part), Conch. Cah. Unio, 1854, p. 125, pl. xxx1v, figs. 
5, 6.—*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxv, fig. 392.—*Duruy, 
Hist. Moll. Fr., 1852, p. 645, pl. xxvi, fig. 19. 

* Unio heldi KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 111, pl. xxx, figs. 5-7.—*DrRouEtT, 
Jl. de Conch., XXIX, 1881, p. 26.—*WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 
1890, p. 80. 

*Unio lucurians KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p. 119, pl. xxxu1, fig.5.—* WEsT- 
ERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 94.—* Parr, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 


'Kuster gives several figures of what he supposes are requieni. Part of them are 
turtoni, and one is possibly elongatulus Pfeifter. 

2 Tt is hard to tell just what this is. Itis probably a delicate, rather compressed 
batarus. 

°> According to Lea and Westerlund this = batavus. 


700 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. | VOL. XXI1. 


“Unio brevirostris KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1854, p.120, pl. xxx1m, figs. 1-3.— 
*WrSTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 96. 

* Unio natolicus KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 144, pl. xxi, fig. 4.. 

* Unio turcicus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 267, pl. xc, figs. 3, 4. 

*Unio merdiger REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvi1l, fig. 145.) 


Kurope; Asia Minor; Northwest Africa. 
Section LAPIDOSUS Simpson, 1900, 


(Type, Unio lapidosus Kobelt.?) 


Shell inequilateral, subtriangular ovate, large, solid, slightly inflated, 
with a double posterior ridge, biangulate behind; beaks high, sculpture 
not seen; disks strongly, irregularly suleate; epidermis olive; three 
thick pseudocardinals in the right valve and two in the left; laterals 
strong; anterior muscle scars deep, tripartite; posterior scars deep, 
distinet; nacre rosy white, irridescent behind. Animal unknown. 


UNIO LAPIDOSUS Kobelt. 


*Unio lapidosus KOBELT, Nach Deuts. Mal. Ges., 1895, p. 151; *“Icon., new ed., 
VI, 1893, p. 90, pl. cLxxv1, fig. 1120.—* Droukt, J]. de Conch., XLIII, 1895, 
p. 32. 


Euphrates River. 
Section ELLIPTIO Rafinesque, 1819. 
(Type, Unio crassidens Lamarck.) 


Shell elongated, rhomboid or oval, usually more or less biangulate 
behind; beak sculpture consisting of a few rather strong ridges, which 


are nearly parallel to the growth lines or slightly doubly looped; the. 


surface smooth or teebly corrugated. 
(Group of Unio coloratus.) 


Shell somewhat rhomboid, solid, slightly biangulate behind, rather 
compressed, more or less sculptured with concentric suleations; beaks 
moderately prominent, their sculpture unknown; epidermis brownish; 
teeth strong; laterals rather club-shaped; nacre white or purple. Ani- 
mal unknown. 


?+ UNIO COLORATUS Charpentier. 


* Unio coloratus CHARPENTIER, in Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 155, pl. xiv, 
fig. 6.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.—*FiscHER and CROSSE, 
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 599. 


Medellin River, Vera Cruz, Mexico. 


‘Credited to Jay’s Catalogue, in which it is not described, but is credited to 
Waltz. 

2This striking shell differs very much from any of the circummediterranean forms 
and may be entitled to subgeneric rank, 


sa eats 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. TOL 


UNIO CALLOSUS Lea. 


* Unio callosus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc. Il, 1841, p. 31; “Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1842p. 239, pl. xxi, fig. 545 *Obs., Tl, 1842, p. 77, pl. xxuni, fig. 54.— 
*ConraD, Pr, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* CuENv, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxv1, figs. 4, 4a, 
4).—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*P-eTeL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p.147. 

* Margaron (Unio) callosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 33, 

Said to come from the Ohio Canal below Columbus. Jam sure that 
the locality is wrong, and it appears to be a Mexican form. The type 
is not in the Lea collection. 


UNIO MEXICANUS Philippi. 


*Unio mexicanus PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mal., LV, 1847, p. 95.—*-Puiviprr, Abbild. und 
Beschr., III, 1849, p. 110, pl. v1, fig. 3..—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 
285, pl. xcv, fig. 7.—*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—*Pa7TE., Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 159.—* FiscHER and Cross, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 593. 
* Margaron (Unio) mexicanus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 53. 
Mexico. 
(Group of Unio semigranosus.) 


Shell triangular rhomboid, solid, inflated, with a distinct posterior 
ridge; beaks rather full, their sculpture consisting of numerous some- 
_what irregular corrugations which pass into the pustulous sculpture of 
the shell; surface of the valves generally more or less sculptured with 
chevron-shaped or zigzag ridges or corrugations, which often break into 
pustules, the posterior slope bearing curved, radiating plications which - 
are likewise sometimes nodulous; epidermis dark, scarcely rayed; pseu- 
docardinals strong, radial, ragged; laterals heavy, obliquely striated; 
beak cavities not deep, compressed; muscle scars well impressed; 
nacre purple, with bronzy or coppery shades. 
Animal apparently not different from that of other related Unios. 
I have not seen any with the marsupium filled. 


+ UNIO PLEXUS Conrad. 


* Margarita (Unio) carbonarius LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 192; 1838, p. 17.2 

*Unio carbonarius LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 37, pl. xu, fig.382; *Obs., II, 
1838, p. 37, pl. XI, fig. 32.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V,1839, Pt. 2, p.236.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 184; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 184, pl. xxu1, fig. 
10.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.—* CuHEnu, Il. Conch., 
1858, pl. xxii, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* PaireL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 

“Margarita (Unio) pliciferus Lua, Syn., 1836, p. 13; 1838, p. 14. 

“Unio pliciferus LEa, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 61, pl. xvu, fig. 53; *Obs., II, 
1838, p. 61, pl. xvu, fig.53.—* TRoscuHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 


1A miserable figure of some rhomboidal, rather compressed form, probably group- 
ing with callosus. 

2?The names carbonarius and pliciferus were published two years before Unio plexus, 
but were not accompanied by a description. Part X of the Monography appeared 
in May, 1838, and the transactions containing Dr. Lea’s description of carbonarius 
June 15, according to Scudder. Dr. Lea places his carbonarius in the synonymy of 
pliciferus, though the former comes first in his paper. 


702 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL, 


256.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 176; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 176, pl. xx, 
fig. 32.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* KustgEr, Conch. 
Cab., 1848, p. 142, pl. xu, fig. 1.—* H.and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., I, 1857, 
p. 497.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xx, figs. 5, 5a,5); Manual, 1859, IT, 
p. 142, fig. 702.—*SowrErBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxv, fig. 387.— 
*B. H. Wriaur, Check List, 1888.—*FiscuER and Crosse, Miss. Sci., I, 
Pt. 7, 1894, p. 580, pl. LXV, fig. 2; Lxx, figs. 2, 2a. 

Margaron (Unio) pliciferus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 31. 

~ Unio plecus CONRAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 89, pl. XLIX, figs. 1,2; *Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255. 


Vera Cruz, Mexico. 
+ UNIO CROCODILARUM Morelet. 


“Unio crocodilarum MORELET, Test. Noy., I, 1849, p. 28.—~ REEv»E, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1864, pl. x, fig. 37.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.—* Fischer 
and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p.577, pl. ux, fig. 35 Lxvul, fig. 3. * 

* ? Unio rusticus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LxIv, fig. 324. 


Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala. 


UNIO MORINI Morelet. 


“Unio morint MORELET, Test. Nov., II, 1851, p. 24.—* FiscHER and Crosss, Miss. 
Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 576, pl. ux, fig. 2; Lxvu, fig. 4. 


Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala. 


UNIO SEMIGRANOSUS von dem Busch, 


“Unio semigranosus VON DEM BUSCH (in Philippi), Abbild. und Besch., I, 1845, 
p. 19, pl. 1, figs. 1-3.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.— 
* ConrRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 
1856, p. 381, pl. xx, fig. 33.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 497.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 252, pl. LXxxv, fig. 1.—*B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* FiscHER and CRossE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 
1894, p. 569. 

* Margaron ( Unio) semigranosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1570, p. 34. 

* Unio carbonarius var. semigranosus P&@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 


Mexico, Vera Cruz to Tampico. 


+ UNIO CORIUM Reeve.! 


* Unio corium REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. Xx, fig. 39.—* PaiTEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.—* FiscoerR and Crosse, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, IL, 1894, 
p. 570. 


State of Chiapas, Mexico. 


UNIO TESTUDINEUS Morelet. 


* Unio testudineus MORELET, Test. Nov., I, 1849 p. 28.2—FIscHER and CROSSE, 
MissaiScit, Rta, lil 18945. oily plese xclis fo3)-sEXexe ho oe 
* Unio semigranosus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x, fig. 36. 


Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala. 


1 Probably a mere variety of semigranosus. It is quite likely that when a sufficient 
amount of material is examined this and some other species of this group will have 
to be placed in the synonymy. 

2¥ischer and Crosse think that testudineus is perhaps only a local race of semigra- 
nosus. I think it is quite likely they are right. 


— ae i ee 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NALADES—SIMPSON. 703 


+tUNIO PSORICUS Morelet. 


* Unio psoricus MORELET, Test. Nov., Pt. 2, 1851, p. 25.'\—* FIscHER and Crossz, 
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 572, pl. uxt, fig. 2. 


Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala. 
(Group of Unio gibbosus.) 


Shell solid, compressed or inflated, triangular ovate to elongate 
ovate, arcuate when old, gibbous above, pointed or slightly biangulate 
behind, with a moderate posterior ridge; beaks low, the sculpture con- 
sisting of a few very strong ridges which run parallel with the growth 
lines; epidermis dull and clothlike; pseudocardinals strong, rough; 
laterals granular or verticaily striated, club-shaped; beak cavities 
very shallow; one or more slight furrows or ridges occur in the cavity 
of the shell which run nearly parallel with the laterals; muscle scars 
very deep and distinct. 

Marsupium occupying the entire outer gills; branchie large, curved 
below, inner the wider except at the posterior end, free from the 
abdominal sac only part of their length; mantle very thin, with thick- 
ened edges; branchial opening generally large. 


tUNIO GIBBOSUS Barnes. 


* Unio nasuta LAMARCK,? An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75.—* DESHAYEs, An. sans 
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 538; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 669. 

~ Unio nasutus AGASsiIz, Arch. fiir Nat., I, 1852, p. 50. 

* Unio gibbosus BARNES, Am. Jl]. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 262, pl. x1, fig. 12.3—* HiIL- 
DRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 286.—SuHoRT and Earon, Transylvania 
J1., 1831, p. 78.—* HaNnuEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 207; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 
207, pl. xx, fig. 54.—*CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.— 
*KusrEerR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 28, pl. 1v, figs. 3, 4.—*H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 491.—* SowErRBy, Conch. Icon, XVI, 1868, 
pl. Lx x1, fig. 379.—* CaLkIns, Pr. Ottawa Ac. Sci., 1874, p.42.—* LATCHFORD, 
Tr. Ottawa F. N. Club, 1882, p. 50.--* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.— 
* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.—* BAKER, Moll. Chicago, 1898, p. 70, 
pl. xtv, figs. 3, 4; xv, figs. 1-4. 

Margarita Unio gibbosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 38; 1838, p. 25. 

* Margaron (Unio) gibbosus LEA, Syn. 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. 

* Mya gibbosa Eaton, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 220. 

*Unio mucronatus BARNES, Am. J]. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 266, pl. x11, fig. 13 (out- 
line).—* AG@assiZ, Arch. fiir Naturg., I, 1852, p. 50. 

* Mya mucronata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 221. 


1 Probably another variety of semigranosus. 

This name was given by Lamarck to the species under consideration before that 
of Barnes, but Say had already used the name nasutus for a Unio, hence gibbosus 
must be used. 

5In 1820 Rafinesque bestowed the name Amblema gibbosa on some unionoid mollusk 
which I can not determine. Since then Conrad in 1836, and others after him, have 
used the specific name as of Rafinesque and applied it to a Unio, which they have 
figured and described. Barnes applied the name in 1823, properly characterizing it, 
and it must stand, because at that time it had not been used in the genus Unio. 


704 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXL 


* Unio dilalatus SAy,! Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Conran, New F. W. Shells, 1834, 
p. 68.—* FeRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* Conrap, Monog., V, 1836, Tr. 
42, pl. xx1.—*KusrTErR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 38, pl. v1, fig. 4.—* ConRAD, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248. 

* Unio torulosus FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. 

* Unio arctatus FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. 

*t Unio arctiorv LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc , VI, 1838, p. 10, pl. 1v, fig. 10;2 Obs., II, 
1838, p. 10, pl. 1v, fig. 10.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
234.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 208; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 208, pl. xx, 
fig. 46.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* ConrapD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* KustEer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 179, 
pl. Lv1, fig. 6.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* CHENU, 
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x x1, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—*? SOowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, 
pl. LXxxv, fig. 2.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 144. 

* Margarita (Unio) arctior LEA Syn., 1836, p. 39; 1838, p. 25. 

*Margaron (Unio) arctior LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 71. 


+ UNiO GIBBOSUS var. ARCUS Conrad. 


* Unio arcus CONRAD, Am. J1. Sci., XXV, 1854, p. 340, pl. L, fig. 8; * New F. W. Shells, 
1834, p. 67.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mae., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 
1836, p. 1898.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 207; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 207, 
pl. xx1u1, fig. 46.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.56.—* ConRaD, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H.and A. ApaMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 491.—* B. H. WreiGut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 144. 

* Margarita (Unio) arcus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.38; 1838, p. 25. 

*Margaron (Unio) arcus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.38; 1870, p. 61. 

+UNIO GIBBOSUS var. SUBGIBBOSUS Lea. 

*Unio subgibbosus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 169; Jl. Ac. N. Sci- 
Phila., TV, 1858, p.53, pl. vi, fig. 36; Obs., VI, 1858, p.53, pl. vi, fig. 36.— 
*B.H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*Srmpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, 
p. 432, pl. Uxxvuil, fig. 5. 

*Margaron (Unio) subgibbosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61. 

*Unio lazarus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx v1l1I, fig. 348. 

* +Unio rufus LEa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1V, 
1858, p. 85, pl. xvil, fig. 65; Obs., VI, 1858, p. 85, pl. xvi, fig. 65.—* B. H. 
WriGuHT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) rufus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 61. 


+ UNIO GIBBOSUS var. ARMATHWAITENSIS B. H. Wright. 
*Unio gibbosus var. armathwaitensis B. H. Wricut, Naut., XI, 1898, p. 123.% 
+UNIO GIBBOSUS var. DELICATUS Simpson.‘ 


Entire Mississippi drainage; St. Lawrence and its tributaries; Ala- 
bama River system; southeast into Florida; southwest to the Guada- 
lupe River, Texas. 


‘As of Rafinesque. {am unable to make out Rafinesque’s species. 

2 Merely a form with white nacre. 

’ These three are dwarf varieties of gibbosus. All are often more or less humped, 
and there are many intermediate and connecting specimens. 

‘A greatly compressed, thin variety, with an evenly elliptical outline and very 
dark nacre may bear this name. 


NO. 1205. : SYNOPSIS Ol THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. T0O5 


tUNIO STFONENSIS Lea. 


*Unio stonensis Lua, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1841, p. 195, pl. vit, fig. 5; Obs., III, 1842, p. 33, pl. vu, fig. 5.—* Conran, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., 
IL, 1857, p. 495.—* CHEN, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs. 7, 7a, 7b.—* Sow- 
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1868, pl. LXxxvVI, fig. 462.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check 
List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 

* Margaron (Unio) stonensis LEA, Syn., 1852; 1870, p. 43. 


Stone River, Tennessee. 


t UNIO LURIDUS Lea. 


*Onio luridus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 273, pl. xx, fig. 29; Obs., V, 
1852, p. 29, pl. xx, fig. 29.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila , VI, 1853, p. 251; 
*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check 
List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 

* Margaron (Unio) luridus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 48. 


Yadkin River, North Carolina; Georgia; Florida. 
(Group of Unio discus.) 


Shell large, solid, compressed, subtriangular; biangulate behind; 
beak sculpture not seen; beaks high, but not swollen; epidermis dark, 
rough; teeth heavy; laterals remote, club-shaped; nacre white, yel- 
low or purple. 

Animal unknown. 


+UNIO DISCUS Lea. 


*Unio discus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 74, pl. x v111, fig.57; * Obs., IT, 1838, 
p. 74, pl. xv, fig. 51.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 237.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 197; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 197, pl. xx, fig. 12.— 
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
494,—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x1x, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* SOWERBY, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Exu, fig. 310.—*B. H. Wricur, Check List, 1888.— 
* PASTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.—* FiscHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., 
Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 567. 

*Margaron (Unio) discus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 50. 

* Unio panacoensis, VON DEM BUSCH in Philippi, Abbild. und Besch., I, 1843, p.75, 
pl. 1.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, pl. Lxxx1, fig. 1.—* P& TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

*Unio mexicanus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. LV, fig. 281. 


Mexico; Central America. 
(Group of Unio sloatianus.) 


Shell rhomboid, solid, inflated, with a well-defined posterior ridge 
and a smaller, fainter one above, the posterior end being distinctly 
biangulate, nearly straight or slightly incurved on the _ base, 
rounded in front; beaks only slightly elevated; beak sculpture not 
observed ; surface of the valves covered with somewhat radiately plicate, 
nodulous corrugations which become less pronounced in front; posterior 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——45 


706 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII 


slope radially plicate; epidermis dark; pseudocardinals stumpy, radial, 
granularly striate; laterals double in the left valve, single in the right, 
with a faint, secondary ridge below; anterior muscle scars deep, nearly 
smooth; cavity of the beaks moderate, slightly compressed. 

Animal unknown. 


t UNIO SLOATIANUS Lea. 


“Unio sloatianus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
VIII, 1842, p. 217, pl. xvi, fig. 33; Obs., III, 1842, p. 55, pl. xvi, ie, 8o— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Mol1., II, 1857, p. 497.---* CHENU, Ill. Conch. 1858, 
pl. xxxui, figs. 7, 7a, 7b.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1862, p. 286, pl. XCVI, fig. 3.— 
*B. H. Wricat, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 

* Margaron (Unio) sloatianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 31. 

* Plectomerus sloatianus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261. 

* Unio atromarginatus LEa,! Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; Tr. Am. Phil. Soe., 
VIII, 1842, p. 207, pl. x, fig. 21; Obs., III, 1842, p. 45, pl. x1, fig. 21.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 488.—* CHENU, IJ]. Conch., 1858, 
pl. xxvii, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 250, pl. 
LXXXxIV, fig. 2.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* ParreL, Conch. Sam., 
TIT, 1890, p. 145. 

* Margaron ( Unio) atromarginatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.19; 1870, p. 29. 

* Plectomerus atromarginatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260. 

* Unio aratus CONRAD, Ann. and Mag., IV, 1849, p.302; *Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila. IV, 
1849, p. 154. 

* Unio plectophorus-CONRAD, J]. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1850, p. 277, pl. xxxviul, fig. 7. 

* Plectomerus plectophorus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 2. 


Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, Georgia. 
(Group of Unio crassidens.) 


Shell generally solid, rather inflated, rhomboid oval, with a sharp, 
well-developed posterior ridge; beaks prominent, the sculpture consist- 
ing of a few coarse ridges running nearly parallel with the growth 
lines and swollen at the posterior ridge; surface of the valves nearly 
smooth or only marked by growth lines; posterior slope bearing 
wrinkled, corrugate, radiate ridges; epidermis often faintly rayed. 

Animal having the branchiw very large, rounded below, inner the. 
larger, free nearly or quite their entire length from the abdominal sac; | 
branchial and anal openings large, with many small papille; marsupium 
occupying the entire outer gills. ! 


+ UNIO CRASSIDENS Lamarck. 


*Unio crassidens LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 71.—* LEA, Obs., I, 1834, * 
p. 199.—* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 532; 3d ed., II, 1839, 
p. 667.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 184; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 184, pl. xx, 
fig. 46.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.58.—*H. and A. ADAMS, 


'Lea’s type of sloatianus is an old, arcuate shell, while the type of atromarginatus 
is young and quite different looking. But the young plicate atromarginatus gradually 
changes into the smoother sloatianus as it crows older, and specimens of both show 
the dark bordered nacre, though it is more pronounced in the young shells. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 7TO7 


Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* Cauwins, Pr. Ot. Ac. Sci., 1874, p. 42.— 

*B. 11. WrieuT, Check List, 1838.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.— 

* CALL, Tr. Ac. Sci., St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 12, pl. 11. 

* Margarita (Unio) crassidens Lv, Syn., 1836, p.19; 1838, p. 17. 

*Margaron (Unio) crassidens L¥a, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. 

*? Unio nigra RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 291, pl. Lx xx, figs. 1-4. 

*Unio niger Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Conran, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.— 
* PERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* ConraD, Monog., VI, 1836, p. 49, pl. 
XXvi1.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 25, pl. 1v, fig. 1.—*AG@assiz, Arch, 
fiir Naturg., I, 1852, p. 50.—* Conrap, Pr. Acad.N. Sei., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 
253.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LX xvitl, fig. 408. 

*? Unio cuneatus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 263.—* HILDRETH, Am. JI. 
Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 279, fig. 3.—* SHorT and Eaton, Transylvania Jl1., 1831, 
p. 78. 

* Mya cuneata EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 220. 

*? Unio discus SOowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx11, fig. 310. 

* Unio crassus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcv, fig. 520. 


Mississippi drainage generally; Alabama and Tombigbee rivers; 
southeast to the Chattahoochee River. In the southeastern part of 
its range this species seems to merge into U. incrassatus. 


+UNIO INCRASSATUS Lea.! 


“Unio incrassatus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1840, p. 217, pl. x v1, fig. 34; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 55, pl. xvi, fig. 34.—* H. and 
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CuEnu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. 
XXX, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 192, pl. Lx, fig. 5.— 
*REEVE, Conch. Icen., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvi, fig. 127.—*B. H. Wricurt, 
Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 

*Margaron (Unio) incrassatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. 


Coosa River system; Chattahoochee and rivers of north Florida; 
east to Savannah ?. 


+UNIO POLYMORPHUS B. H. Wright. 
* Unio polymorphus B. H. Wricut, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 42. 
Spanish Creek, Charlton County, Georgia. 


+UNIO FORBESIANUS Lea. 


* Unio forbesianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soe., 
X, 1852, p. 264, pl. xvi, fig. 17; * Obs., V, 1852, p. 20, pl. xvi, fig. 17.—* CONRAD, 
Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 310, pl. Lxrx, 
fig. 6.—* MusGraveE, Phot. Conch., 1868, pl. 1, fig. 2.—* SowERBy, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXx1, fig. 361.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.— 
* SIMPSON, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 410, pl. xL1x, fig. 3; L, figs. 2, 3. 

*Margaron (Unio) forbesianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. 

*tUnio moussonianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 268, pl. xvu1l, fig. 22; 
* Obs., V, 1852, p. 24, pl. xviil, fig. 22.—*ConrapD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., 
Vi, 1853, p. 252.—* H. and A. Abams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.— 
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 160. 

* Margaron (Unio) moussonianus LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46. 


1T am doubtful whether this is more than a small, rhomboid, southeastern variety 
of crassidens, bearing the same relation to it that U. subgibbosus does to U. gibbosus. 


708 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATFONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


*t Unio corvus Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II], 1859, p. 112; “Jl. Acad. N. Sci., 
Phila., [V, 1859, p. 217, pl. xxvil, fig. 97; Obs., VII, 1859, p. 35, pl. XX vil, fig. 
97.—*SoWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxvit, fig. 411.—*B. H. 
WrIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149. 

* Margaron ( Unio) corvus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. 

* Unio vestitus Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., V, 1861, p.393; *J1. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 189, pl. xxv, fig. 259; * Obs., IX, 1863, p. 11, pl. xxv, fig. 259.— 
*B. H. WriGHT, Check List, 1888. 

Margaron (Unio) vestitus LEa, Syn., 1870, p. 50. 


Streams from the Congaree River, South Carolina, south to northern 
Florida. 


+UNIO DANIELSII B. H. Wright. 
*Unio danielsii B. H. WriGHT, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 31. 
Spring Creek, Decatur County, Georgia. 
+UNIO PUSILLUS Lea. 


*Unio pusillus Lwa, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1,1840, p. 286; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1842, p. 220, pl. xviu, fig. 36; *Obs., IT, 1842, p. 58, pl. x vil, fig. 36.—* Con- 
RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx x11, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.— 
* KusvER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 197, pl. Lx111, figs. 3, 4.—* B. H.Wrieut, Check 
List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Caner Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 164.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. 
Mus., XV, 1892, p. 411. pl. LI, figs. 2,6. 

*Margaron (Unio) pusillus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.31; 1870, p. 48. 

*+tUnio buxeus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 261, pl. xv, fig. 13; * Obs., V, 
1852, p. 17, pl. xv, fig. 13.—* ConrapD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 493.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check 
List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 

* Margaron (Unio) buxeus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46. 

*+Unio anthonyi Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.41; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., V, 
1862, p. 197, pl. xxvU, fig. 266; * Obs., IX, 1863, p.19, pl. xxvui, fig. 266.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

Margaron (Unio) anthonyi, LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43 


Abbeville district, South Carolina; south to northern Florida. 
t UNIO MERUS Lea. 


* Unio merus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 260, pl. xv, fig. 10; * Obs., V, 
1852, p. 16, pl. xv, fig. 10.—* Conran, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, 
p. 252.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PmTEeL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 159. : 
* Margaron (Unio) merus LEA, Syn.. 1870, p. 54. 
*+ Unio castus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
- Phila., IV, 1860, p. 349, pl. Lv, fig. 174; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 31, pl. Lvu, 
fig. 174.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888. 
* Margaron (Unio) castus L&aA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. 


South Carolina. 


1The type is a young shell identical with one of Lea’s U. anthonyi. The type of 
the latter is a little larger, lighter colored, and less rayed. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 709 


UNIO MASONI Conrad.! 


* Unio masoni CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 34, pl. v, fig. 2, p. 70.—* FER- 
uSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* ConraD, Monog., III, 1836, p. 28, pl. x1, fig. 
2.—* MOLLER, Syn. Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 204.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201; 
*Bi . Shells, 1843, p. 201, pl. xxi, fig. 18.—*CaTLOw and REEVE, Conch. 
Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 18, pl. 1, fig. 
1.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 34, pl. v, fig. 6.—* CoNRAD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.--H. and A. ApDAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, 
p. 492.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, 
p. 158. 

* Margarita (Unio) masoni LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1838, p. 23. 

* Margaron (Unio) masoni LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 84; 1870, p. 55. 


Savannah River, Georgia. 


+UNIO FRATERNUS Lea. 


*Unio fraternus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 263, pl. xvi, fig. 15; *Obs., V,. 
1852; p. 19 pl. xvi, fig. 15.—*CoNRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, 
p. 249.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* KusTER, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 201, pl. Lxvu, fig. 2.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 
1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 153. 

*Margaron (Unio) fraternus LEA, Syn., 1852. p.32; 1870, p.51. 


Abbeville district, South Carolina, to Columbus, Georgia. 


+UNIO CONGARAUS Lea. 


*Unio congareus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 72, pl. vi, fig. 4; Obs., I, 
1834, p. 82, pl. vi, fig. 4.—* Conrap, New F. W. Sheils, 1834, p. 68.—* FERUS- 
sac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* ConRraAD, Monog., III, 1836, p. 27, pl. xu, fig. 
1.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.200; * Biv. Shells, 1845, p. 200, pl. x xu, fig. 
31.—* CaTLOw and REEVE,Conch. Nom., 1845, p.57.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1858, p. 247.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IJ, 1857, p. 
493.—* CHENU, IJ]. Conch., 1858, pl. 111, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—*SowERBy, Conch. 
Teon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lix, fig. 296.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.— 
*PMHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

* Margarita (Unio) congareus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 82; 1838, p. 22. 

* Margaron (Unio) congareus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. 

*t Unio fulvus Lea,? Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, p. 96, pl. x11, fig. 39; *Obs., I, 1834 
p- 208, pl. x111, fig. 39.—* FERusSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEY, Test. 
Moll., 1842, p. 200; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 200, pl. xx111, fig. 32.—* CATLOW and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 493.—*SoweErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1858, pl. LXxxIx, fig. 483.— 
*B. H. Wricat, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153. 

* Margarita (Unio) fulvus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.32; 1838, p. 22. 

* Margaron (Unio) fulvus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. 


Cape Fear River, North Carolina; south to Savannah, Georgia. 


‘T have never seen this species, but should judge from the figure that it groups 
with U. crassidens. 

2The type is a young shell, and is not the same as adult shells which are in the 
Lea collection under that name. 


710 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


tUNIO DARIENSIS Lea. 


* Unio dariensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 246, pl. xxv1, fig.61; *Pr. Am. 
Phil. Soe., II, 1843, p. 225; * Obs., ILI, 1842, p. 84, pl. xxvi, fig. 61.—* Conrapb, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 493.—* CHENU, II. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx111, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xct, fig. 494.—* B. H. WriGuT, Check List, 1888.— 
* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150.—* Stmpson, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 
1892, p. 413, pl. LI, fig.2; LIV, fig. 1. 

* Margaron (Unio) dariensis Lma, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. 


Southeast Georgia to north Florida. 


t UNIO MONROENSIS Lea. 


Unio monroensis L¥a,! Desc. of 12 sp. of Uniones, 1843, no pagination; * Tr. Am. 
Phil. Soc., IX, 18452, p. 279, pl. x1, fig. 8; * Obs., LV, 1848, p. 37, pl. x1, fig. 8.— 
* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.— *PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.—* Sumpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 410, 
pl. 1, fig. 1. 

* Margaron (Unio) monroensis LEA, Syn., 1862, p. 29; 1870, p. 46. 


Florida. 
tUNIO HARTWRIGHTI:? B. H. Wright. 


t Unio hartwrighti B. H. WricuT, Naut., IX, 1896, p. 121, pl. 11, figs. 4-6. 
Lake Beresford, Florida. 


‘UNIO HINKLEYI B. H. Wright. 


*Unio hinkleyi B. H. WricHT, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 117, pl. iv, fig. 3°; 
*Check List, 1888.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 425, pl. Lxv, 
fig. 4. 


Florida. 


1A puzzling form. The type, the only shell in the Lea collection, is rather solid, 
and the posterior ridge is curved slightly upward in the middle. Other specimens 
in the museum are less solid, the posterior ridge is sharper, and straight or curved 
down in the middle, and there seems to be almost a connection with the very different 
U. hartwrighti. 

2This name was applied to another species by Newcomb, and was used by Wright 
in the Check List, by Pietel and others, but the form to which it was given was 
believed to be a synonym of something else, and it was never described. Mr, 
Wright has again used the name for what is probably a valid species. 

°The figure of this shell is not at all accurate, being considerably more blunt 
posteriorly and inflated below than the specimen sent as the type. It approaches 
U. monroensis, but is more elongated, and a series of specimens sent by Mr. Wright 
almost connects it with U. dorei. 


No. 1205 SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON., ‘lek 


tUNIO WEBSTERI B. H. Wright. 


~ Unio websteri B. H. Wricut, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 113, pl. m1, fig. 2'; 
* Check List, 1888. 


Florida. 
tUNIO DORSATUS Lea. 

“Unio dorsatus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 160; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1868, p. 300, pl. xLv, fig. 112; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 60, pl. xLv, fig. 112.— 
*B.H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Stmpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, 
p. 411, pl. L1, fig. 7; Lu, figs. 1, 2. 

* Margaron ( Unio) dorsatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. 


Catawba River, North Carolina; Florida. 


+UNIO WACCAMAWENSIS Lea.? 

* Unio waccamawensis Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193; *Jl. Acad. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 16, pl. v, tig. 14; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 20, pl- v, fig. 
14.—* B. H. WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) waccamawensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36. 

Waccamaw Lake, North Carolina. 
(Group of Unio pigerrimus.) 


Shell rather solid, elliptic rhomboid, somewhat inflated, with a low, 
rounded posterior ridge, sometimes a little arcuate below, biangulate 
behind; beaks full, their sculpture a few coarse ridges which are curved 
upward and swollen where they cross the posterior ridge; surface 
concentrically striate and often sculptured with curved, subradiating 
or zigzag corrugations whicb have a tendency to break into nodules; 
epidermis brownish; hinge rather heavy; pseudocardinals stumpy, 
granular; laterals club shaped; muscle scars well marked. 

Animal unknown. 


UNIO PIGERRIMUS Crosse and Fischer. 


* Unio pigerrimus CROSSE and FISCHER, Jl. de Conch. XLJ, 1893, p. 293.— 
* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 582, pl. Lxv, figs. 1, la. 


Mexico. 
tUNIO MITCHELLI Simpson. 


*Unio mitchelli SIMPSON (in Dall.), Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p.5; Pr. U. 
‘S. Nat. Mus., XIX, 1896, p. 371, pl. xxxu1, figs. 1-3.3 


Southern Texas to New Leon, Mexico. 


‘Mr. Wright has sent to the Museum under the above name two quite different 
forms, neither of which is like the figure. From an examination of the first one 
sent, an old, worn shell, and the figure, I believed it to be a form of U. obesus (see 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p.428). Specimens sent since by Mr. Wright and 
said to be typical approach U. hartwrighti, but are more compressed and elongated. 
These forms are exceedingly puzzling. 

?An aberrant species. The shell is inflated, thin, and hasa strong posterior ridge. 
It has characters of both the Buckleyi and Crassidens groups. 

“Close to pigerrimus apparently, and may be but a variety of it; it is a lighter, 
longer shell, is less sculptured, and dces not have a rose-colored nacre. 


712 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+ UNIO IHERINGI B. H. Wright. 


* Unio theringi B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XII, 1898, p. 93. —* SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., 1900, p. 79, pl. Iv, fig. 5. 


Southern Texas. 


tUNIO SPHENORHYNCHUS Fischer and Crosse. 


* Unio sphenorhynchus FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 617, pl. 
LXVI, figs. 2, 2a. 


Mexico. 
(Group of Unio liebmanni.) 


Shell rather solid, inflated, ovate rhomboid or trapezoidal, with a 
well-developed posterior ridge, pointed at or near the base behind, but 
not biangulate, nearly straight or slightly incurved below; beaks full, 
sculpture not seen; surface smooth or concentrically striate; epidermis 
dark, scarcely rayed; hinge rather strong; pseudocardinals heavy, 
compressed; muscle scars distinct; nacre livid to whitish. 

Animal unknown.! 


tUNIO LIEBMANNI Philippi. 


* Unio liebmanni PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mal., IV, 1847, p. 96; * Abbild. und Besch., ITI, 
1849, p. 109, pl. vi, fig. 1.—* KusrErR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 281, pl. xciv, 
fig. 7.—* P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.—* FiscHER and CROSSE, Miss. 
Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 616. 

* Margaron (Unio liebmanni) LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. 

* Unio liebmanni B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 


Mexico. 
tUNIO OPACATUS Crosse and Fischer. 


* Unio opacatus CROSSE and FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 295.—* FISCHER 
and CRossE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 592, pl. Lx v1, figs. 1, la. 


Mexico. 
(Group of Unio buckleyi.) 


Shell oval, obovate, subtrapezoidal, or elliptical, with a more or less 
developed posterior ridge, often biangulate behind, compressed or 
inflated, thin or somewhat solid; beaks generally full, sculptured with 
several rather strong concentric ridges, which are either nearly paral- 
lel with the growth lines or slightly doubly looped; posterior slope 
often faintly wrinkled; epidermis usually smooth and shining in the 
younger shells, often rough when old, becoming darker with age, rayed 
when young. Hinge teeth solid or compressed; nacre mostly brilliant, 


1This group is exceedingly close to that of U. buckleyi, according to the shell char- 
acters, and some specimens of U. liebmanni are so near others of U. buckleyi as to 
deceive even experts. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES— SIMPSON. 713 


of many shades. Animal not differing especially from that of closely 
related groups. ! 
t UNIO BUCKLEY/I Lea. 


* Unio buckleyi, LEA, Desc. of 12 Uniones, 1843 (no pagination) ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
IX, 1845 ?, p. 276, pl. XxXIX, fig.2; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 34, pl. xxx1x, fig. 2.— 
* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* KusTEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 177, pl. Lv1, 
fig. 2.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxx1v, fig. 175.—*B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* B. H. and 8. H. Wricut, Conch. Ex., TI, 1888, 
p. 95.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.—*Smpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. 
Mus., XV, 1892, p. 417, pl. viii, figs. 6,7; LIx, figs. 1,2; Lx, fig. 2. 

* Margaron (Unio) buckleyi LEA, Syn., 1852, p.30; 1870, p. 48. 

*+ Unio buddianus Lra,? Desc. of 12 Uniones, 1843; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1845, ? 
p. 277, pl. xt, fig.5; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 35, pl. x1, fig. 5.—* Conran, Pr. Ac. 
Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 492.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 249, pl. LxxxIVv, fig. 1.—* REEVE, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx, fig. 88.—* B. H. and 8S. H. WriGnt, Conch. Ex., 
II, 1888, p. 95.—* B. H. Wriegut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTe., Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 146. 

* Margaron (Unio) buddianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.32; 1870, p. 52. 

*t Unio dalli B. H. Wricut,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 119, pl. v1, fig. 1.— 
*B. H. WRiGuHT, Check List, 1888. 


+ UNIO BUCKLEYI var. ORCUTTII S. H. Wright. 
* Unio orcuttii S. H. WRIGHT, West. Am. Sci., IV, 1888, p. 60, 3 figs.4 


Florida. 
tUNIO JAYENSIS Lea. 


*Unio jayensis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 28, pl 1x, fig. 23;5 *Obs., II. 
1838, p. 28, pl. 1x, fig. 23.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
235.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 206; * Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 206, pl. xx, 
fig. 53.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251'—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p 491.—-* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x x11, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—* SOWERBY, Conch. 


1The relationship between the Buckleyi, Crassidens, Complanatus, Downiei and Fish- 
erianus groups is very close. That of Crassidens is characterized by inflated shells 
with a strong posterior ridge, and wrinkles on the posterior slope; of Buckleyi by a 
less developed ridge, the absence of strong wrinkles, and a rich, warm texture 
of shell; of Complanatus by trapezoidal, not greatly inflated shells of dull texture. 
The species of the Fisherianus group have elongated, generally compressed, thin 
shells, pointed behind, and of the Downiei assemblage solid, inflated shells. But 
there are many species that are quite negative in characters, and others that com- 
bine the features of two or more groups, that can not be satisfactorily placed. 

?The type is a large, badly eroded shell, apparently a little injured at the upper, 
anterior part, and is truncated a little there. 

°The type is a small, old shell, which has become reugh and arcuate. 

4Credited to Manatee River, Florida, Simpson and Miakka Lake, Florida, New- 
comb, by Mr. Wright. I have never found it in the Manatee River, but obtained it 
in abundance in Miakka Lake. 

° Although the type is very different from that of U. buckleyi the two species ap-. 
proach so closely that there are specimens which I can not name. 


714 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL. 


Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lx, fig. 301; Lxvu, fig. 343.?—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., 
IIT, 1890, p. 155. 

* Margarita (Unio) jayensis LEA, Syn., 1856, p. 37; 1838, p. 24. 

* Margaron (Unio) jayensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 37. 

* + Unio prasinatus CONRAD, Am. JI. Conch., II, 1866, p. 279, pl. xv, fig. 14.—* B. H. 
WriGart, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) jayanus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 60. 

*Onio jayanus B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., 
XV, 1892, p. 419, pl. LXI, fig. 4. 

*+Unio simpsoni B. H. WricutT!; Check List, 1888. 

*+ Unio marshii B. 1. Wricut, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 118, pl. v, fig. 2; Check 
List, 1888. 

*+t Unio tryont B. H. WRIGHT, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 120, pl. v1, fig. 2; Check 
List, 1888. ; 


Florida. 
tUNIO CORUSCUS Gould. 


* Unio coruscus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., I, 1856, p. 15; *Otia 
Conch., 1862, p. 222.—* B. H. and 8. H. WriGut, Conch. Ex., II, 1888, p. 95.— 
*B. H.Weicut, Check List, 1888.—* Simpson, Pr. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, 
p. 419, pl. Lx111, figs. 1, 7. 

* Margaron (Unio) coruscus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. 


+ UNIO CORUSCUS var. FRYANUS B. H. Wright.? 


Unio fryanus B. H. WriGut, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 115, pl. 1, fig. 1; Check 
List, 1888. 
*t Unio diazensis S. H. WRIGHT,* Naut., X, 1897, p.5. 


Florida. 
tUNIO CUNNINGHAMI B. H. Wright. 


* Unio cunninghami B. H. Wricut, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X LI, 1883, p. 58, pl. 1, figs. 
1-4.—* A. F.Gray, Am. Nat., XVII, 1883, p.1184.—*S. H. and B. H. WRient, 
Conch. Ex., II, 1888, p. 105.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* SIMPSON, 
Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 422, pl. Lxv, fig. 6. 


Florida. 
tUNIO MICANS Lea. 


* Unio micans LBA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 85; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., V, 
1862, p. 59, pl. 111, fig. 207; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 63, pl. 111, fig. 207.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxv, fig. 182.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 
1888.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159.—* Stimpson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. 
Mus., XV, 1892, p. 423, pl. LXV, fig. 3. 

* Margaron (Unio) micans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 

* Unio perlucens LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p.193; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 


‘From an examination of specimens sent to the U. 8. National Museum by Mr. 
Wright I referred this to U. buckleyi, in Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, p.417. The type is 
now in the U. 8S. National Museum, and I believe it to be a rather compressed, 
bright young U. jayensis. 

2A form of coruscus a little less solid and inflated than the type, and quite brilliant. 

2This name occurs in B. IL. Wright’s Check List, but the species was not described 
until 1897. It scarcely differs from U. fryanus. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. (OLS 


VI, 1866, p. 18, pl. v, fig. 16; Obs., XI, 1867, p. 22, pl. v, fig. 16.—* B. H. Wricurt, 
Check List, 1888. _ 
* Margaron (Unio) perlucens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 


North Carolina to South Georgia and Florida. 


tUNIO PYGMEUS Lea.! 


“Unio pygmeus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 252; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 
1852, p. 262, pl. xv, fig. 14; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 18, pl. xv, fig.14; *Conran, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron( Unio) pygmeus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. 


Abbeville District, South Carolina. 
tUNIO LEHMANIL, S. H. Wright. 


* Unio lehmanii, S. H. WRIGHT, Naut., X, 1897, 18: 138.—* Simpson, Pr. Acad. N. 
Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 80, pl. Iv, fig. 9 


St. Marys River, Florida. 
tUNIO BURTCHIANUS S. H. Wright. 


*Unio burtchianus S. H. WRIGHT, Naut., X, 1897, p. 1387.—-* Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., 1900, p. 80, pl. Iv, fig. 8. 


St. Mary’s River, Florida. 
tUNIO CONFERTUS Lea. 


* Unio lugubris LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1834, p. 30, pl. rx, fig. 25; * Obs., IT, 1838, 
p. 30, pl. rx, fig. 25.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg.,V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 235.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 206; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206, pl. xxu1, fig. 9.— ~ 
*CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., ILI, 1845, p. 53, pl. XV, figs. 1, la.—* CATLOW and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.60.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, 
p. 252.—* H. and A. ADAMS. Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* CHENU, III. 
Conch., 1858, pl. xx, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—*Sowersy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, 
pl. LXxx, fig. 423.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* P£TEL, Conch. Sam., 
ITI, 1890, p. 158.—* Simpson, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 424, pl. Lxvi, 
fic. 4; Lxvu, fig. 1. 

* Margarita (Unio) lugubris LEA, Syn., 1836, p.37; 1838, p. 24. 

* Margaron (Unio) lugubris LEA, Syn:, 1852, p.38; 1870, p.53. 

*t Unio confertus LeA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 103, pl. xvi, fig.47; *Obs., I, 
p. 215, pl. xvI, fig. 47.—* FeRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEY, Test. 
Moll., 1842, p. 200; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 200, pl. x xu, fig. 34.—* CarLow and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 493.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxv, fig. 185.—* B. H. 
WriGutT, Check List, 1888.—* P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

* Margarita( Unio) confertus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.31; 1838, p. 22. 

* Margaron (Unio) confertus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. 

*t Unio geddingsianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soe. I, 1840, p. 285; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
VIII, 1842, p. 202, pl. x1, fig. 15; * Obs., III, 1842, p. 40, pl.xi, fig. 15.—* ConRaD, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 493.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx1, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* P#TeEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153. 

* Margaron ( Unio) geddingsianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. 


1Only a single broken right valve of this is in the Lea collection. 
2The name lugubris applied first to this species will have to give way to confertus 
because Say used lugubris at an earlier date for a Unio. 


Op PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSECM. VOL. XI. 


* Unio Bain CONRAD, Pr Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1V, 1849, p. 154; * Ann. and 
Mag., IV, 1849, p. 301; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1850, p. 276, pl. xxxvil, 
ayer, DE IPARY ANG, I Seite nies, VI, 1853, p. 251.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa Ts, - 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157. 

* Margaron (Unio) limatulus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 52. 

*t Unio whiteianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 258, pl. xiv, fig. 8.—* Obs., V, 
1852, p. 14, pl. xiv, fig. 8.—* H. and A. JNDESSIB) Gen., Rec. Moli., II, 1857, 
p. 493. ee H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Coneh. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 172. 

* Margaron ( Unio) whiteianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. 

* Unio vibex CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260.! : 

* t+ Unio similis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1X, 1857, p. 169; * J]. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1858, p.91, pl. xix, fig. 71; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 91, pl. x1x, fig. 71.—* B. H. 
WriGHrt, Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 

* Margaron (Unio) similis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.52; 1870, p. 53. 

“t+ Unio protensus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1865, p. 88; ~J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1868, p. 256, pl. XxX1, fig. 71; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 16, pl. xxx1, fig, 71.—*B. 
H. WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron ( Unio) protensus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. 

* + Unio radiolus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 192; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 21, pl. vi, fig. 18; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 25, pl. vi, fig. 18.—* B. H. 
WriGnt, Check List, 1888. 


North Carolina to Florida. 


t UNIO INSULSUS Lea. 


* Unio insulsus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 86; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., IX, 
1862, p. 53, pl.1, fig. 199; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p.57, pl. 1, fig. 199.—* B. H. Wrient, 
Check List, 1888.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 422, pl. txv, 
figs. 1,5. 

* Margaron ( Unio) insulsus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53. 

*+t? Unio lucidus Lra,? Pr. Ac. N, Sci. Phila,, VII, 1863, p. 192; * Jil. Acs N. Set. 
Phila., VI, 1866,p. 9, pl. u, fig. 6; ~Obs., XI, 1867, p. 13, pl. ro fig. 6.—* B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) lucidus Lea, Syn , 1870, p. 48. 

* +t Unio cistelliformis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 192; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 19, pl. v1, fig. 17; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 23, pl. vi, fig. 17.— 
*B. H. WriGcut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) cistelliformis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 


North Carolina to Florida. 
+ UNIO OBNUBILUS Lea. 


*Unio obnubilus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 169; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 84, pl. xvu1, fig.64; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 84, pl. xvn, fig. 64.— 
*SIMPSON, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 424, pl. Lxvi, fig. 3. 

*Margaron (Unio) obnubilus LEa, ca pi l8T0; ps o3: 

*t+Unio opacus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p, 169; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1858, p. 86, pl. xviii, fig. 66; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 86, pl. xvuit, fig. 66.— 
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161. 


‘Conrad here states that his vibex first whiteianus of Lea, and then zeiglerianus of 
Lea. The latter is totally different from whiteianus. 
2Very near U. confertus. Itis probably a delicate, light-colored, rayed insulsus. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. Healing 


* Margaron (Unio) opacus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*tUnio equatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p.170; *J1, Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
1858, p. 89, pl. xrx, fig. 69; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 89, pl. xix, fig. 69.—* B. H. 
WriGcutT, Check List, 1888. 

- *Margaron (Unio) wquatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*tUnio viridicatus LEA, Pr. Ate, N. Sei. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 170; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 87, pl. xviul, fig. 67; * Obes VI, 1858, pl. xviut, fig. 67. 

* Margaron (Unio) viridicatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p.52. 

*t Unio hepaticus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 154; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 348, pl. Lv, fig. 173; *Obs., VIII, p. 30, pl. Lv, fig. 173.— 
*B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888.—* Pater, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154. 

* Margaron (Unio) hepaticus La, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*t Unio santeénsis Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., J. 1871, p. 193.—* Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 20, pl. vi, fig.17; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 24, pl. vi, fig. 17.—*B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*t Unio nolanit B. H. Wricut, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 116, pl. rv, fig. 11; 
Check List, 1888. 


South Carolina to Florida. 


+UNIO FUSCATUS Lea. 


*Unio fuscatus LEA, Dese. 12 Uniones, 1843 (no pagination).—* Tr. Am. Phil. 
Soc., IX, 1845?, p. 277, pl. xu, fig. 4; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 35, pl. x1, fig. 4.— 
*CoNRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—*H. and A. ADams, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* KusrEer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1848, p. 203, pl. 
LXViu, fig. 2.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx1, fig. 95.—* PATEL, 
Conch, Sam., III, 1890, p. 153.—* Simpson, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, 1892, p 
420, pl. Lx1u1, figs. 2, 4.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) fuscatus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 48. 


Florida. 
tUNIO OCCULTUS Lea. 


*Unio occultus LEA, Desc. 12 Uniones, 1843 (no pagination).—Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
IX, 1845?, p. 279, pl. x1, fig. 7; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 37, pl. x1, fig. 7.—* H. and 
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moil., II, 1857, p. 494.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 
1861, p. 223, pl. LXxv, fig. 3.—* B. H. WricHt, Check List, 1888.—* P&rTsEt, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161,—* Simpson, Pr. U. S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 
420, pl. Lx, figs. 5, 6. 

* Margaron ( Unio) occultus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.48; 1870, p. 48. 


Florida. 
tUNIO ARCTATUS Conrad. 


* Unio arctatus CONRAD, Am. JI. Sei., XXV, 1834, p. 340, pl.1, fig.9; * New F. W. 
Shells, 1834, p. 36, pl. v, fig. 4, p. 67.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 200.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 207; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 207, pl. x x11, fig. 47.— 
* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* CHENu, Bib. Conch., 1st 
ser., III, 1845, p. 19, pl. 11, fig. 10.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 
245, —* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* KusTEr, Conch. 
Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 195, pl. Lx11, fig. 3. _*B, H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.— 
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144. 

* Margarita (Unio) ar Gute LEA, Syn., 1856, p. 38; 1838, p. 25. 

*Margaron (Unio) arctatus Lma, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 62. 


718 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+UNIO ARCTATUS var. TORTIVUS Lea. 


*+ Unio tortivus Lua,! Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840,p. 287; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, 
p. 204, pl. xu, fig. 17; Obs., IIT, 1842, p. 42, pl. x11, fig. 17.—*CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. 
Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p.259.—H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857,p. 493. — 
* CHENU, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. xxix, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1866, pl. xxxv1, fig. 193.—* B. H. WricuT, Check List, 1888.—* Parst, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.—*Simpson, Pr. U. 8S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 
421, pl. Lx11l, fig.8; LXIV, figs. 1, 3, 4. 

*Margaron (Unio) tortivus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. 

*t Unio tetricus Ima, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 170; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1859, p. 195, pl. xxl, fig. 78; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 13, pl. xxu, fig. 78.— 
* KuSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 276, pl. xcl, fig.7; xcu1, fig. 3.—* B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169. 

*Margaron (Unio) tetricus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 53. 

*tUnio purpurellus Lra,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 19, pl. xxi, fig. 81; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 16, pl. xxuu, 
fig. 81.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) purpurellus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 53. 

*+ Unio mercert LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 169; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 209, pl. xxx1, fig. 278; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 31, pl. xxx1, 
fig. 278.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 159. 

* Margaron ( Unio) merceri LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61. 


Florida; South Georgia; the type west to the Black Warrior River, 
Alabama. 
tUNIO NIGELLUS Lea. 


* Unio nigellus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; *Tr.Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, 
p. 283, pl. xxIv, fig. 42; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 39, pl. xx1v, fig. 42.—* CONRAD, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 494.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*Pa«TEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 161. 

* Margaron ( Unio) nigellus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 53. 

*+ Unio denigratus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 200, pl. x x11, fig. 83; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 18, pl. xxm1, 
fig. 83.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Simpson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., 
XV, 1892, p. 422, pl. Lxv, fig. 1. E 

*Margaron (Unio) denigratus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 


Chattahoochee River system: south into Florida. 


t UNIO PINEI B. H. Wright. 


*Unio pinei B. H. WricuT, Naut., XI, 1897, p. 40.—* Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., 1900, p. 80, pl. 111, fig. 1. 


North Florida. 


1 Unio arctatus is a widely distributed, abundant, and variable species, ranging 
from the Black Warrior River to southern Florida. I have examined a great amount 
of material from the Black Warrior and Cahawba rivers (collected by Call), from 
the Flint and Chattahoochee rivers from the Lea and other collections, and I feel 
reasonably sure that all the species I have united should go together. 

2T believe this to be a small, somewhat inflated form of arctatus. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON, 719 


t UNIO OSCARI B. H. Wright. 


*Unio oscari B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., V, 1892, p. 124; IX, 1896, p. 122, pl. 11, figs. 1-3. 
Florida. 
tUNIO HAZELHURSTIANUS Lea. 


" Unio hazelhurstianus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., If, 1858, p.166; *J!. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 211, pl. xxv1, fig.92; *~Obs., VII, 1859, p. 29, pl. xxv1, fig. 
92.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. xxxV, fig. 188.—* B. H.WriGHr 
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154. 

* Margaron (Unio) hazelhurstianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. 


r) 


Southern Georgia. 
tUNIO BUXTONI B. H. Wright. 


*Unio buxtont B. H. WRIGHT, Naut., XI, 1897, p. 55.—* Smumpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., 1900, p. 80, pl. 1, fig. 6. 


Marion County, Florida. 


t UNIO FERRISSII Marsh. 


* Unio ferrissitti MARSH, Naut., V, 1891, p. 30.'—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 
1892, p. 423, pl. LX VI, figs. 1, 2. 


Small creek near Palatka, Florida. 


tUNIO DOREI B. H. Wright. 
*Unio doret B. H. WRIGHT,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 115, pl. 111, fig. 1. 
Lake Monroe, Florida. 
(Group of Unio striatulus.) 


' Skell subsolid, rhomboid oval, with a well-developed post ridge 
ending in a point below; beaks full, with numerous subparallel, 
slightly corrugated, strong ridges; epidermis rayless or faintly rayed, 
with a few wrinkles on the posterior slope; pseudocardinals stumpy; 
laterals straight. Animal unknown. 


t UNIO STRIATULUS Lea. 


*Unio striatulus La, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 86; * JI. Acad. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 55, pl. 11, fig. 202.—~ Obs., VIII, 1862, p.59, pl. m1, fig. 202,— 
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxu1, fig. 367.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 

* Margaron ( Unio) striatulus, LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. 


Roanoke River; Welden and Salem, North Carolina. 


! This was first published in the Joliet Weekly News, a newspaper, May 1, 1891. 
It is a puzzling form, having something the shape of the variety orcutti of U. buck- 
leyi, but has plications on the posterior slope such as are found in the Crassidens 
group. 

2T do not know where to place this form, of which I have only seen the type. 
The figure is not very accurate, and I formerly thought it a variety of U. buckley?, 
but on seeing the type I believe itis not that. Itseems to combine characters of the 
Buckleyi aud Crassidens groups. 


720 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


t UNIO AMABILIS Lea. 


*Unio amabilis La, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., 1X, 1865, p. 89; * Jl. Acad. N. Sci. 
Phila:, Vil, 1869; p-. 2o7, pl. xxx, figs 72: “Obs: xell 1869) pati. placket 
fig. 72.—* B. H. Wright, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) amabilis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. 


Butler, Taylor County, Georgia; North Carolina? 


UNIO SUBPLANUS Conrad. 


Unio subplanus CONRAD, Monog., IX, 18387, p. 73, pl. x1, fig.1; * Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* HaNLEY, Biv. Shells, Supp., 1856, p. 383, pl. xX1, 
fig. 16.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* Kuster, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 272, pl. xc, fig. 5.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 
1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 

* Margaron (Unio) subplanus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. 
*Unio subplanum SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLVH, fig. 252. 


North Carolina and Virginia. 
UNIO BRIMLEYI S. H. Wright. 


*Unio brimleyi S. H. WRIGHT, Naut., X, 1897, p. 138; * Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., 1900, p. 80, pl. 1Vv, fig. 6. 


Neuse River and Irwin’s Creek, North Carolina. 


(Group of Unio complanatus.) 


Shell elongate trapezoidal, moderately solid, but little inflated, nearly 
straight below, with a posterior ridge, usually biangulate behind; 
beaks not prominent, sculptured with several coarse, parallel ridges 
which follow the growth lines or are nearly straight. Hpidermis some- 
times shining and feebly rayed, becoming rough and rayless with age; 
laterals straight or slightly curved; beak cavities shallow. 

Animal with the marsupium occupying all or nearly all of the outer 
branchiz; gills long, rounded below, inner much the larger, free nearly 
or quite their whole length from the abdominal sac. 


+ UNIO COMPLANATUS (Solander) Dillwyn.! 


Mya complanata SOLANDER, manuscript (no date).—* PORTLAND catalogue, 1786, 
p. 100, Lot 2190.—* Dittwyn, Cat., I, 1817, p. 51. 

*Unio complanata DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 559; 3d ed., II, 
1839, p. 676. 


| This species was described by Solander in Latin, but the manuscript was never 
published and is now in the British Museum. Mr. Edgar A. Smith kindly examined 
it for me and informed me that Dillwyn’s description in the catalogue is a transla- 
tion from Solander. The name Mya complanata was used by Lister in Hist. Sive. 
Conch. (1770, p. 150), but Lister was not a binomial author. The Portland catalogue 
is anonymous, and a mere sale list. I have done my best to straighten out the syn- 
onymy of this variable and exceedingly puzzling group, and have examined nearly 
all the types and a great amount of material. In some cases, as in the Buckleyi 
eroup, there seem to be no specific lines whatever. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 721 


od B. 


* Unio complanatus FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* GouLpD, Inv. of Mass., 
" 1841, p. 107, figs. 68-70.—* BINNEY, 2d ed., Inv. of Mass., 1870, p. 167, fig. 
472.—* C. B. ADAMS, Thompson’s Hist. Vt., 1842, p. 167.—* HANLEy, Test. 
Moll., 1842, p. 199; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 199, pl. xx1, fig. 20.—* DE Kay, Zool. 
of N. Y., Pt. 5, 1843, p. 188, pl. xxu1, fig. 246.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. 
Nom., 1845, p.57.—* STIMPSON, Shells of N. Eng., 1851, p. 13.—* AGassiz, Arch. 
fiir Nat., I, 1852, p. 50.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.— 
KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 137, pl. x1, fig. 2.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 493.—* HARTMAN and MICHENER, Conch. Cest., 1874, 
p. 86, fig. 181.—* LATCHFORD, Tr. Ottawa Field Nat. Cl., 1882, p. 49.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* H. CARPENTER, Naut., III, 1889, p. 93.—* Pa- 
TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

*Margarita ( Unio) complanatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 30: 1838, p. 22. 

*Margaron (Unio) complanatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 51. 

* 2Unio violaceus SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk. III, 1793, p. 55. 

*2? Unio purpureus Say, Nich. Enc., II, 1816, pl. 11, fig. 1; N. Harm. Diss., II, No. 
21, 1829, p. 324.—* ConraD, New I’. W. Shells, 1834, p.71.—* SowERBy, Rich. 
Faun. Boreali Am., ITI, 1836, p. 316.—* L. W. Say, Terr. and Fluv. Shells, 1840, 
p. 7.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx vi, fig. 346. 

*Mya purpurea EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 2. 

*?Unio purpurea DESHAYES, Encyc. Méth. II, 1827, p. 151, pl. 249, fig. 5. 

*Unio rarisulcata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 72.—*Lna, Obs., I, 1834, p. 
200.—DEsHAYEs, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 534. 

*Unio coarctata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 73.—* LEA, Obs., I, 1834, p. 
200.—DESHAYES, Encye. Méth., II, 1830, p.581; * An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 
1835, p. 535; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 668.—*? SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. 
XXXIV, fig. 178. 

*Unio purpurascens LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 73.—DESHAYES, Enc. 
Méth., IT, 1830, p.581.—*L«a, Obs., I, 1834, p. 200.—DEsuayes, An. sans Vert., 
2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 535; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 668. 

*Unio georgiana LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 74.—* Lea, Obs., I, 1834, p. 
201.—DEsHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 536; 3ded., II, 1839, p. 668, 

*Unio rhombula LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p.74.—* DEsHAyYEs, An. sans 
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 5386; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 668. 

*Unio rhombula LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 74.—*Lma, Obs., I, 1834, p. 
200.—* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 536; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 
668.—*? DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Sam., 1841, pl. x11, fig. 8. 

“Unio carinifera LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 74.—* Lra, Obs., I, 1834, p. 
201.—DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 536; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 
668.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 176, pl. LVI, fig. 1. 

*Unio glabrata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75.—* Lua, Obs., I, 1834, p. 
201.—DEsHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 537; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 669. 

*Unio sulcidens LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p.77.—* Lxa, Obs., I, 1834, p. 
202.—DEsHAYES, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 539; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 
670.—*? DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Sam., 1841, pl. xu, fig. 3.—* CHENu, III. 
Conch., 1858, pl. x11, figs. 5, 5a. 

*Unio virginiana LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p.79.—DESHAYEs, An. sans 
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 544; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 671. 

Unio fluviatilis GREEN, Jl. Mac. Lyceum, 1827, p. 41. 

* ? Unio raveneli CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p.39, pl. v1, fig. 4,! p. 71.—* Fer- 
UssAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 206.— 


‘It is hardtosay whatthis is. The figure is like complanatus, but the shell, which 
is labeled raveneli Conrad and is in the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, 
is like lugubris. 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——46 


(2% PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou. xxt. 


* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, p. 9, pl. m1, fig. 8.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 256.—* B. H. Wriaur, Check List, 1888. 
’ * Margarita (Unio) watereensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 31; ' 1838, p. 22. 

* Margaron ( Unio) watereensis, LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. 

* Unio watereensis, H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.493.—P «TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172. 

*tUnio grigithianus, LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 103, pl. xv, fig.46; Obs., I, 
1834, p. 215, pl. xv, fig. 46.—* Ferussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p.199; * Biv. Shells, 1845, p. 199, pl. x x11, fig. 28.—* CaTLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—*ConrabD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, 
p. 250.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p 493.—* KusTEeR,Conch. 
Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 208, pl. Lx1x, fig. 2.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, 
pl. LxxxIx, fig. 449.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* ParreL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 154. 

* Margarita (Unio) griffithianus, LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 31; 1838, p. 22. 

* Margaron (Unio) grifithianus, LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 52. 

*+ Unio planilaterus, CONRAD, Monog., XII (no date after 1838), p. 103, pl. Lvn, 
fig.1; Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 
1888.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 

* Margaron (Unio) planilaterus, LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 

*+ Unio fuliginosus, LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; Tr. Am. Phil. Soe., 
‘X, 1848, p. 78, pl. vu, fig. 19. 

*t Unio rufusculus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 252; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 
1852, p. 258, pl. xiv, fig. 7; *~Obs., V, 1852, p. 14, pl. xiv, fig. 7.—* Conran, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* H. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 493.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxiu, fig. 377.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEeL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 166. 

* Margaron (Unio) rufusculus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. 

*Mya rigida Woop, Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 200, pl.1, supp. fig. 10. 

*+t Unio abbevillensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 84; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
IV, 1858, p. 51, pl. vi, fig. 34; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 51, pl. vi, fig. 34.—*B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 1438. 

*Margaron (Unio) abbevillensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*t Unio contractus Lira, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., I, 1857, p. 86; “JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 203, pl. xx1x, fig. 272; *Obs., IX, p.25, pl. xxix, fig..272.—*B. H. 
Wriacut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron ( Unio) contractus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61. 

*tUnio virens Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 169; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
IV, 1858, p. 80, pl. xvi, fig. 60; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 80, pl. xvi, fig. 60.— 
*B. H. Wriecut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) virens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*t Unio savannahensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 169; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., 1V, 1858, p. 81, pl. xvi, fig. 61; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 81, pl. xv, fig. 61.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron ( Unio) savannahensis La, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 

*tCnio subflavus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 170; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 90, pl. x1x, fig. 70; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 90, pl. xrx, fig. 70.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron ( Unio) subflavus LEa, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*tUnio neusensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IJ, 1858, p. 41; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1859, p. 60, pl. tv, fig. 208; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 64, pl. Iv, fig. 208.—* B. H. 
WriGHrT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron ( Unio) neusensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 


‘Lea changed the name raveneli to watereensis, because the name ravenelianus had 
been applied by him to a Unio. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 723 


=tT no eractus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p.41; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p: 62; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 66, pl. rv, fig. 210.—* B. H. Wriceu7, 
Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) exactus LEA,-Syn., 1870, p. 43. 

*+Unio roswellensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 165; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., 1V, 1859, p. 205, pl. xxiv, fig. 87; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 23, pl. xxiv, 
fig. 87.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) roswellensis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 

*tUnio postellii Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 165; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1859, p. 214, pl. xxvi, fig. 94; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 32, pl. xxv1, fig. 94.— 
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLVI, p. 255.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check 
List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) postellit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 

*+ Unio baldwinensis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 170; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., TV, 1860, p. 330, pl. Li, fig. 155; *~Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 12, pl. 11, fig. 
155.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) baldwinensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 

*+ Unio raeensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p.171; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 331, pl. Lu, fig. 156; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 13, pl. Lu, fig. 156.—* B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) raeensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*tUnio quadratus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 172; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 

Phila., IV, 1860, p. 338, pl. Liv, fig. 163; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 20, pl. LIv, fig. 
163.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) quadratus La, Syn., 1870, p. 54. 

*+ Unio squameus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.391; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 200, pl. xxvul, fig. 269; * Obs., IX, 1863, p. 22, pl. xxvii, fig. 269.— 
~B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) squameus LEA, Synu., 1870, p. 51. 

*Unio lugubris KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 234, pl. LX xx, fig. 1. 

*t Unio weldonensis Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191; *J1l. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 11, pl. 111, fig. 8; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 15, pl. 101, fig, 8.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) weldonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. d1. 

*+Unio gastonensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 20, pl. v1, fig. 18; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 24, pl. v1, fig. 18.— 
*B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) gastonensis L&a, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 

* +t Unio aberrans LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1866, p.7, pl. 1, fig. 3; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 11, pl.1, fig. 3.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) aberrans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*+ Unio mecklenbergensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191; *Jl. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 17, pl. v, fig. 15; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 21, pl. v, fig. 15.— 
*B. H. WricGutT, Check List, 1888. 

Margaron (Unio) mecklenbergensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 

*t Unio raleighensis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p.191; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p.6, pl. 1, fig. 2; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 2.—* B. H. 
WriGur, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron ( Unio) raleighensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*tUnio mediocris Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 192; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 24, pl. vul, fig. 22; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 28, pl. vu, fig. 22. 

*Margaron (Unio) mediocris LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*t Unio indefinitus LEA, Pr, Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 192; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 15, pl. 1v, fig. 12; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 12, pl. rv, fig. 112.— 
*B. H. WriGHT, Check List, 1888. 


724 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


* Margaron (Unio) indefinitus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 

*+Unio humerosus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 161; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 301, pl. xLv, fig. 113; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 61, pl. XLy, fig. 
113.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) humerosus Lua, Syu., 1870, p. 51. 

“t+ Unio beaverensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 161; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. © 
Phila., V1, 1868, p. 297, pl. xutv, fig. 109.—* Obs., XII, 1869, p. 57, pl. xzrv, 
fig. 109.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron ( Unio) beaverenses LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

* Unio bleaverenses PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146. 

*@ Unio neglectus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxv, fig. 329. 

* Unio tortuosus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxv, fig. 330.—* PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 169. 

* Unio uhareensis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 145; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 304, pl. xLv1, fig. 116; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 63, pl. XLVI, 
fig. 116.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) uhareensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*+ Unio nubilus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.161; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1868, p. 298, pl. xLrv, fig. 110; *Obs., XII, p. 58, pl. xrv, fig. 110.—* B. H. 
WricutT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) nubilus Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 

*+ Unio yadkinensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 156; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 32, pl. x, fig. 29; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 36, pl. x, fig. 29.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 

*+ Unio amplus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 157; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 39, pl. x11, fig. 36; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 43, pl. x11, fig. 36.-— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*t Unio ligatus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 157; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 49, pl. xvi, fig. 47; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 53, pl. xvu, fig. 47; 
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

“t+ Unio subparallelus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 158; * Jl. Ac. N, Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 46, pl. xvi, fig.44; Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 50, pl. xvi, fig. 
44,—* B, H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

*+ Unio irwinensis Lia, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 159; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 44, pl. xv, fig. 42; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 48, pl. xv, fig. 42.—*B. 
H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*+ Unio curvatus LA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 159; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 38, pl. xu, fig. 35; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 42, pl. x1, fig. 35. 

“+Unio subsquamosus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 160; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 47, pl. xvi, fig. 45; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 51, pl. xvi, 
fig. 45.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

*+ Unio infuscus LBA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 160; *J1l. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 51, pl. xvur, fig. 49; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 55, pl. xvi, fig. 49.— 
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 

*t+Unio ratus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 160; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 52, pl. xv, fig. 51; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 56, pl. x vin, fig. 51; 
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—*PatTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165. 

* + Unio basalis Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 161; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 48, pl. xvi, fig. 46; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 52, pl. xvi, fig. 46.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*tUnio swbolivaceus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1873, p.422; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 57, pl. xx, fig. 56; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 61, pl. xx, fig. 
56.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. y 

*+Unio infulgens Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1873, p. 422; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 60, pl. xx1, fig. 59; *“Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 64, pl. xx1, fig. 
59.—* B. H. Wricut. Check List, 1888. ; 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 725 
*+Unio cirratus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1873, p. 422; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 5d, pl. xrx, fig. 53; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 59, pl. xix, fig. 53.— 

*B. H. Wriaat, Check List, 1888. 

*tUnio corneus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1873, p. 423; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 59, pl. xx, fig. 58; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 63, pl. xx, fig. 

_58.—*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

*+ Unio invenustus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1875, p. 424; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 66, pl. xxu, fig. 62; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 70, pl. xx11, 
fig. 62.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*t Arconaia provancheriana PILSBRY, Nat. Canadienne, XX, 1890, p.171; *Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., 1892, p..132, pl. vu, figs. 4—6.! 


+ UNIO COMPLANATUS var. JEJUNUS Lea. 


* Unio jejunus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 9, pl. Iv, fig. 9; *Obs., II, 
1838, p. 9, pl. 1v, fig. 9.—* TroscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 199; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 199, pl. xx, fig. 
47.—* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* Conran, Pr. Ac. N. 
Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
493.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 265, pl. xc, fig. 1.—* ?SowErBy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx vii, fig. 547.2—* B. H. Wrigut, Check List, 
1888.—P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 

* Margarita (Unio) jejunus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 30; 1838, p. 22. 

* Margaron ( Unio) jejunus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 51. 

*tUnio percoarctatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p.85; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 59, pl. 1, fig. 206; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 63, pl. m1, fig. 206.— 
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. LIV, fig. 277.—* B. H. Wrient, Check 
List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 

* Margaron (Unio) percoarctatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 


+ UNIO COMPLANATUS var. QUADRILATERUS Lea. 


*Unio squalidus Lua, in part, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIJ, 1863, p.192; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 22, pl. vu, fig. 20; Obs., XI, 1867, p. 26, pl. vu, fig. 20.—* B. 
H. WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 429, 
pl. LXXxI, fig. 14. 

* Margaron (Unio) squatidus Lea, Syn., 1870, p 51. 

*+ Unio quadrilaterus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p.192; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 1; Obs., XI, 1867, p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* B. H. 
Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) quadrilaterus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 


Atlantic drainage from the St. Lawrence to Georgia; west in the 
British possessions to Manitoba? 


tUNIO CATAWBENSIS Lea. 


* Unio wheatleyi Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1857, I, p.85;° * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1861, p.54, pl.1, fig. 200; Obs., VIII, p. 58, pl. 1, fig. 200.—* B. H. Wriaut, 
Check List, 1888.—* Pate, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 147. 

* Margaron ( Unio) catawbensis Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 


1Said to come from Yamaska River, China. The type is a twisted Unio complanatus, 
probably from Canada. 

2Tn errata he savs this is depressus of @Orbigny, not Lamarck. It is hard to say 
what it is. 

3 Preoccupied by Lea and changed by him to catawbensis. 


726 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


* Unio rostrum Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1861, p.391; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 201, pl. xx1x, fig. 270; Obs., IX, 1863, p. 23, pl. xxx, fig. 270.—* B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) rostrum LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

* + Unio oblongus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 158; ~Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 52, pl. xvut, fig. 50; Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 56, pl. xvii, fig. 50. 


North Carolina. 
+ UNIO TUOMEYI Lea. 


* Unio tuomeyi Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 256, pl. xi, fig.4; *Obs., V, 
1852, p. 12, pl. xm, fig. 4.—* H.and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
493.—* B. H. WrieuT, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 170. d 

*Margaron (Unio) tuomeyi LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 335 1870, p. 53. 

*t Unio barrattit LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 256, pl. x1, fig.5; *Obs.,V, 
1852, p. 12, pl. x11, fig. 5.—* ConrRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.— 
*H.and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.491.—* B. H. Wrient, Check 
List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) barrattii LEA, Syn., 1852, p.37; 1870, p. 245. 

* Unio barrotti PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145. 

*t Unio pullatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 57, pl. vu, fig. 39; *Obs., VI, 1258, p.57, pl. vim, fig. 39.— 
*KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1871, p. 247, pl. LXxxiu, fig.3.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXv1, fig. 335.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 
1¢88.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164. 

*Margaron (Unio) pullatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 60. 

*t Unio sublatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 169; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1858, p. 82, pl. xvi, fig. 62; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 82, pl. x v1, fig. 62.—*B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) sublatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 57. 

*+t Unio fumatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p.171; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
IV, 1858, p. 88, pl. xvul, fig. 68; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 88, pl. xvin, fig. 68.— 
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) fumatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*tUnio viridiradiatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., III, 1859, p. 154; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p.336, pl. Li, fig. 161; *Obs., VIII, p. 18, pl. Lim, fig. 161.— 
*B.H.WriacuHt, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) viridiradiatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 

*tUnio viridans Lea, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 170; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 337, pl. LIV, fig. 162; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 19, pl. x1Vv, fig. 
162.—*B. H. WriGuaT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) viridans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*t Unio hallenbeckti Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 170; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 328, pl. LI, fig. 15453! *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 10, pl. 11, fig. 154,.— 
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) hallenbeckit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*tUnio salebrosus Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila, XI, 1859, p. 170; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 332, pl. Lu, fig. 157; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 14, pl. Li, fig. 
157.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 166. 

*Margaron ( Unio) salebrosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*tUnio verutus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 171; *Jl. Ac. WW. Sei. 


1 Extra copies of the paper containing this species were published in December, 
1858. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 727 


Phila., IY, 1860, pl. Lin, fig. 160; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 17, pl. Lim, fig. 160.— 
*B. H. WrieuT, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171. 

* Margaron ( Unio) verutus Lia, Syn., 1870, p. 57. 

*t Unio chathamensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 191; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 21, pl. vi, fig.19; *“Obs., XI, 1867, p. 25, pl. v1, fig. 19.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

Margaron (Unio) chathamensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53. 

*t Unio hastatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1873, p. 423; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 56, pl. xrx, fig. 54; “Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 60, pl. xrx, fig. 
54.—"B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

*tUnio dooleyensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1873, p. 424; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 64, pl. xxu, fig. 60; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 68, pl. x x11, 
fig. 60.—* B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888. : 

*t Unio gesnerit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1874, p.424; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 65, pl. xxi, fig. 64; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 69, pl. xxu, fig. 61.— 
*SoOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxx1tv, fig. 446.—* B. H. Wricurt, 
Check List, 1888. 


North Carolina to Alabama. 


+t UNIO OCMULGEENSIS Lea. 


*Unio ocmulgeensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 38; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 95, pl. xiv, fig. 243; *~Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 99, pl. xiv, fig. 243.— 
*Smmpson, Pr. U. &. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 424, pl. Lxvul, fig. 5.—*B. H. 
WRiGHT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) ocmulgeensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57. 


Georgia. 
+UNIO AQUILUS Lea. 


* Unio aquilus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p.172; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1858, p. 92, pl. xx, fig.72; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 92, pl. xx, fig. 72.—*B. H. 
WriGHt, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144. 

*Margaron (Unio) aquilus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 60. 


South Georgia and northern Florida. 


tUNIO ICTERINUS Conrad. 


* Unio icterinus CONRAD, New EF. W. Shells, 1834, pl. vi, fig.5, p. 69.—* FERUSSAC, 
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* CONRAD, Monog., IV, 1836, p. 39, pl. xv11l, fig. 2.— 
*MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 206.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 
1845, p. 20, pl. 1, fig. 5.—*Conrapb, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.— 
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

“tUnio fuliginosus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soce., 
X, 1848, p. 78, pl. vu, fig. 19; * Obs., IV., 1848, p. 52, pl. vu, fig. 19.—*CoNnrRab, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 493.—* Bb. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., 
ILI, 1890, p. 153. 

*Margaron (Unio) fuliginosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. 

*tUnio cuvierianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1852, p. 263, pl. xvi, fig. 16; 
Obs., V, 1852, p. 19, pl. xv, fig. 16.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1853, p. 248.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—*B. H. 
WriGuHrt, Check List, 1888.—*PatTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 

*Margaron (Unio) cuvierianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 51. 

*t Unio curatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci.Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 


728 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


VI, 1866, p. 23, pl. vu, fig. 21; Obs., XI, 1867, p. 27, pl. vil, fig. 21.—*B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—*P «TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.149. 

*Margaron (Unio) curatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 

*+ Unio datus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.161; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1868, p. 299, pl. xLIVv, fig. 3; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 59, pl. xLIv, fig.3.—* B. H. ~ 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 150. 

*Margaron (Unio) datus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 

*Unio vatus PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172. 

*+ Unio cuspidatus, LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IT, 1872, p.159; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 43, pl. xiv, fig. 50; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p.47, pl. xtv, fig. 40.— 
*B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 150. 


North Carolina to Georgia. 
+UNIO ROANOKENSIS Lea. 


* Margarita (Unio) roanokensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 30; 1838, p. 21. 

* Unio roanokensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 27, pl. vin, fig. 21; Obs., 
II, 1838, p. 27, pl. vi, tig. 21.—* TroscuHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
935.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 199; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 199.—* Cat- 
Low and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.63.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1853, p. 275.—* CuENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xXx, tigs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* H. and 
A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 
1868, pl. LX VI, fig. 341.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. 
Sam. III, 1890, p. 165. 

* Margaron (Unio) Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 51. 

“t Unio macer LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 86; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1862, p. 202, pl. xx1x, fig. 271; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 24, pl. xxix, fig. 271. 

* Margaron (Unio) macer LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 

*t Unio latus Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 171; * JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 334, pl. Li, fig. 159; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 16, pl. Lit, fig. 159.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157. 

* Margaron (Unio) latus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57. 


+UNIO ROANOKENSIS var. NORTHAMPTONENSIS Lea. 


* Unig northamptonensis LeaA,! Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 392; *J1. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., V., 1862, p. 190, pl. xxv, fig. 260; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 12, pl. xxv, 
fig. 260.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) northamptonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 


Connecticut River at Northampton, Massachusetts; south to the 
Savannah River, Georgia. 


+ UNIO HOPETONENSIS Lea. 


“Unio hopetonensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 29, pl. 1x, fig. 24; * Obs., IT, 
1838, p. 29, pl. 1x, fig. 24.—* TroscuEL, Arch. fiir Nat., VI, 1839, Pt. 2. p. 235.— 
* HaNnLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 198, pl. xx, fig. 21.— 
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—*CuEnu, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.— 
*KusTEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 196, pl. LxuI, fig. 1.—* SowERBy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 186%, pl. Lxvin, fig. 349.—* B. H. WricHt, Check List, 


1A large, compressed form, biangulate behind, the posterior point elevated above 
the base line. Certain specimens are considerably inflated in the post basal region. 
This is generally taken for U. complanatus, but it differs in the characters given 
above, and seems to be merely a northern variety of roanokensis. 


NO. 1205. - SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 


(, 

1888.—* Pret, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.—* Simpson, Pr. U. S. Nat. 
Mus., XV, 1892, p. 412, pl. Lu, fig.3; Lil, fig. 1. 

* Margarita (Unio) hopetonensis Lma, Syn., 1836, p. 30; 1838, p. 21. 

* Margaron (Unio) hopetonensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 51. 


lo) 


Georgia, in streams flowing into the Atlantic; Santee Canal, South 
Carolina; northern Florida. 


+UNIO LIVINGSTONENSIS Lea. 


* Unio livingstonensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, p. 192; * JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 


WE ds66. ps4 pl. Iv, tio ly Obs: XL sbi, sp. 18) pl. rv, age li —* 8. i: 
WricGut, Check List, 1888. 


*Margaron (Unio) livingstonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 
North Carolina to Georgia. 


+ UNIO INUSITATIS Lea. 


* Unio inusitatis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., III, 1859, p.171; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p.333, pl. Lu, fig. 158; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 15, pl. L11, fig. 158. 

*Margaron (Unio) inusitatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 

* Unio insitatus Bs H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 


Georgia. 
+ UNIO DIFFERTUS Lea. 


*Unio differtus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 158; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 42, pl. xiv, fig. 39; *Obs., 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 


Georgia. 


XIII, 1874, p. 46, pl. xv, fig. 39.— 


+ UNIO PLANTII Lea. 


*Unio plantiit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p.171; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VPS 5 9 pel 92 ple exoxt oe (On Obs: nV Ll, 1859. p. 105 pleexext, fied Os 
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXxvil, fig. 475.—*B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) plantii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43. 


Flint River, near Macon, Georgia. 


+UNIO STRUMOSUS Lea. 


*Unio strumosus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 158; III, 1878, p. 423; 
*J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 57, pl. xix, fig. 55; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 
61, pl. x1Xx, fig. 55.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 


Yadkin River, North Carolina. 


+ UNIO PURUS Lea. 


*Unio purus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 41; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 


V, 1862, p. 61, pl. Iv, fig. 209; *Ubs., VIII. 1862, p. 65, pl. 1v, fig. 209.—* B. 
H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 


*Margaron (Unio) purus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43. 


Neuse River, near Raleigh, North Carolina. 


=1 
ew 
=) 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSIUM. VOL. XXTi. 


+ UNIO SUBNIGER Lea. 


*Unio subniger Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., [X, 1857, p.172; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1859, p. 196, pl. xx11, fig. 79; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 14, pl. xx11, fig. 79.—*B. 
H. Wricnr, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron ( Unio) subniger LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 


Georgia. 
tUNIO BURKENSIS Lea. 


*Unio burkensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 112; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 215, pl. xxvui, fig. 95; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 33, pl. xxvu, 
fig. 99.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. : 

* Margaron (Unio) burkensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. 

* + Unio dissimilis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 161; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874,p. 53, pl. xvii, fig. 52; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 57, pl. xvi 
fig. 52.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 


North Carolina; south to Georgia. 


tUNIO OBLATUS Lea. 


*Unio ablatus LEA,! Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193. 

*OUnio oblatus Lea, J]. Ac. N. Sci. Phita., VI, 1866, p. 13, pl. Iv, fig. 10; * Obs. 
XI, 1867, p. i7, pl. Iv, fig. 10. 

*Margaron (Unio) oblatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. 


Long Creek, Gaston County, North Carolina. 


+t UNIO ERRANS Lea. 


tUnio paliatus RAVENEL, letter.2~—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, 
p. 254.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. 

* Margarita (Unio) paliatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 31; 1838, p. 22. 

*Margaron (Unio) paliatus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. 

*Unio palliatus RAVENEL, Cat., 1875, p. 57.35—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.— 
*PxTEL, Conth. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

* Unio errans LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1858, p. 60, pl. rx, fig. 42; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 60, pl. rx, fig. 42.—* B. H. 
WriGurT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron ( Unio) errans Lm, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

*t Unio vicinus Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1858, p. 61, pi. rx, fig. 48; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 61, pl. rx, fig. 43.—* B. H. 
Wriacut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) vicinus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 


Near Macon, Georgia; South Carolina. 


1So written in first description. A typographical error, probably. Dr. Lea after- 
wards changed the name to oblatus. 

2Dr. Lea credits this to Ravenel’s letter, but neither he nor Ravenel ever described 
it so far as I know. 

3’ Ravenel here credits this species to Lea. Lea’s specimens, received from Ravenel, 
are marked Santee Canal and South Carolina. They are rather thin and delicate, 
of a peculiar texture, and have a shining brownish green epidermis. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 731 


tUNIO SAGITTIFORMIS Lea.|! 


* Unio sagittiformis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 277, pl. xxu, fig. 35; * Obs.,V, 
1852, p. 38, pl. xx, fig. 35.—* ConrabD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.— 
*H.and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 1857, p. 491.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1868, pl. xcrt, fig. 499.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166. 
* Margaron (Unio) sagittiformis Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 37; 1870, p. 60. 


Oconee River, Georgia; Abbeville, South Carolina. 


+UNIO ANGUSTATUS Lea. 


* Unio angustatus Lea, Tr. Ai. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 114, pl. xvn, fig. 43; “Obs., I, 
1834,p. 124, pl. x vil, fig. 43.—* Conran, New £. W. Shells, 1834, p. 67.— *FERus- 
sac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* ConrabD, Monog., XI, 1838, p. 98, pl. LIV, fig. 
2.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 204; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 204, pl. x x11, fig. 
25.—* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom 1845, p. 55.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.— 
* CHENU, III. Conch. 1858, pl. x1v, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* KusrER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 
1861, p. 178, pl. Lv1, fig. 4.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx x11, fig. 
372.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 
144. 

* Margarita (Unio) angustatus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 35; 1838, p. 23. 

* Margaron (Unio) angustatus LEA, Syn., 1852, 105 31019 ‘1870, p.57 

*+ Unio extensus Lwa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, Dreole oak Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1858, p. 68, pl. xu, fig. 49; * Obs., VI, 1868, p. 67, pl. xu, fig. 49.—* B. H. 
WriGuHt, Check List, 1888. 

| GEOL extensus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. 

*+ Unio subcylindraceus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1873, p.422; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 58, pl. xx, fig. 57; « Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 62, pl. xx, fig. 
57.—* CATLOW and REEVE, Gonen: Nome 1845, .. 64.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check 
List, 1888. 


South Carolina to western Georgia. - 


t UNIO PERSTRIATUS Lea. 


* Unio perstriatus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 255, pl. x11, fig. 3; *Obs., V, 
1852, p. 11, pl. xu, fig. 3.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.— 
*H. and A. ADams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* Sowrrsy, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcu, fig. 500.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 

* Margaron (Unio) perstriatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.36; 1870, p. 57. 

*+t Unio gracilentus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p.85; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 58, pl. 111, fig. 205; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 62, pl. 1m, fig. 205.—* B. H. 
Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) gracilentus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. 

*+tUnio perlatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p.193; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci., VI, 
1866, p. 15, pl. 1v, fig. 13; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 19, pl. iv, fig. 12.—* B. H.WrieHut, 
Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) perlatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. 


North and South Carolina. 


LA very singular shell, much cut away at the anterior base, and, perhaps, abnormal. 
, 2 2 9 ) 


(a2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


UNIO NAVICULOIDES Lea. 


* Unio naviculoides LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1X, 1857, p.170; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1858, p. 94, pl. xx, fig. 745 *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 94, pl. xx, fig. 74.—B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron ( Unio) naviculoides LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. 


Georgia. 
+ UNIO SORDIDUS Lea. 


* Unio sordidus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 254, pl. x11, fig. 1; * Obs., V, 1852, 
p. 10, pl. x11, fig. 1.—* ConRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 1853, p. 257.— 
*H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check 
List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 

* Margaron (Unio) sordidus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. 

*+t Unio gibbesianus La, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 254, pl. xm, fig. 2; * Obs.,V, 
1852, p. 10, pl. xu, fig. 2.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check 
List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) gibbesianus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. 


Abbeville, South Carolina. 


+UNIO SPADICEUS Lea. 


“Unio spadiceus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p.86; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 
1862, p. 55, pl.t, fig. 202; *Obs., VILI, 1862, pl. 1, fig. 201.—* B. H. Wriaut, 
Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron ( Unio) spadiceus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. 


North Carolina. 
+ UNIO STRIGOSUS Lea. 


“Unio strigosus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1843, p. 198, pl. 1x, fig. 9; *Obs., III, 1842, p.36 pl. rx, fig. 9.—* ConraD, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT., 
1857.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) strigosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p. 57. 


Southwest Georgia; southeast Alabama. 


+UNIO LAZARUS Lea. 


*Unio lazarus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., XI, 
1852, p. 259, pl. xiv, fig. 9; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 15, pl. x1v, fig. 9.—* CONRAD, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 491.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 157. 

*Margaron (Unio) lazarus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. 


Abbeville district, South Carolina. 
(Group of Unio downiet.) 


Shell subtrapezoidal, inflated, solid, truncate and more or less trian- 
gular behind, sometimes swollen in the postbasal region, with a well- 


1A peculiarly compressed, arcuate form. Some specimens of U. arctatus approach 
it closely. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 733 


developed posterior ridge; beaks full, their sculpture not observed; 
epidermis smooth and shining in the young shell, becoming duller and 
roughened when old; hinge moderately strong; pseudocardinals radial, 
roughened; laterals heavy, somewhat remote, curved; there is a more 
or less developed secondary lateral in the right valve; dorsal scars few, 
in a row just behind the pseudocardinals and fully exhibited on the 
inner edge of the shallow beak cavity; nacre dull; muscle scars distinct, 
smooth. 

Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of the outer gills; 
inner gills free from the abdominal sac a part of their length; palpi 
rather small; mantle line thick on the border. 


+ UNIO DOWNIEI Lea. 


Tio downiet Lua, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1858, p. 166; Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 
TY; 1859; p. 210, pl. xxv, fig. 915 Obs., VII, 1859, p. 28, pl: xxv, fig. 91.— 
*SoweERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxvii, fig. 350.—* B. H. Wrieut, 
Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p.151.—* Srmpson, Pr. 

7 U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 413, pl. Lv, figs. 1-3; Lv1, fig. 5. 

* Margaron (Unio) downiet LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41. 


Southern Georgia; north Florida. 


+UNIO GEMINUS Lea. 


* Unio geminus LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p- 262; *Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila., 1858, p. 63, pl. X, fig. 45; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 63, pl. x, fig. 45.—* B. H. 
WriGuHt, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) geminus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41. 

*t Unio satillaensis Lea, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 166; * Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 216, pl. xxvu, fig. 96; Obs., VII, 1859, p. 34, pl. xxvu, 
fig. 96.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron ( Unio) satillaensis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 41. 


Georgia. 
+UNIO LECONTIANUS Lea. 


*Margarita (Unio) lecontianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 18. 

*Unio lecontianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 40, pl. xu, fig. 85; *Obs., 
II, 1838, fig. 40, pl. x11, fig. 35.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, 
p. 236.—* HaNnLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.188; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 188, pl. 
Xxil, figs. 11,51.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* ConrRaAD, 
Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—*CuHENUu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. 
XXIV, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.— 
“SowrrBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxx, fig. 173.—* B. H. Wricut, 
Check List, 1888.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157. 

*Margaron (Unio) lecontianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41. 

“Unio contrarius CONRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1V, 1849, p.153; * Ann. and 
Mag., IV, 1849, p.301; * Ji. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1850, p. 276, pl. XXXVI, fig. 7; 
*Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247. 


Georgia. 


Cae PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+UNIO SPISSUS Lea, 


*Unio spissus LA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p.112; *Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila., 1V, 1859, p. 208, pl. xxv, fig. 89; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 26, pl. xxv, fig. 89.— 
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxxvitl, fig. 476.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890. p. 168. 
*Margaron (Unio) spissus Lma, Syn., 1870, p. 41. 
Georgia. 
(Group of Unio fisherianus.) 


Shell elongated, rather thin, subeompressed, pointed behind and 
sometimes slightly biangulate; posterior ridge generally well developed; 
beaks low, the sculpture consisting of a few coarse, slightly irregular 
ridges which run nearly parallel with the growth lines, generally 
heavier where they cross the posterior ridge; epidermis sometimes 
rayed, shining; pseudocardinals usually compressed; laterals long, 
straight, and lamellar; beak cavities very shallow and containing two 
or three dorsal scars at some distance behind the beaks; muscle scars 
well marked, the posterior ones elongated; nacre generally dull. Ani- 
mal with the gills greatly elongated, inner the larger, more or less free 
from the abdominal sac; marsupium occupying nearly or quite the whole 
leneth of the outer branchie; palpi elongated; mantle thin, thicker on 
the edge. 


tUNIO LANCEOLATUS Lea. 


*Unio lanceolatus La, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1828, p. 266, pl. 101, fig. 2; *Obs., I, 1834, 
p. 8, pl. m1, fig. 2.—* Conrap, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* FERUSSAC, 
Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* CONRAD, Monog. III, 1836, p. 32, pl. x1v., fig. 2.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 204; * Biv. Shells., 1843, p. 204, pl. xx, fig. 60; 
XXU, fig. 26.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.60.—* ConraD, Pr. 
Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 491.—* CHENU, Ill., Conch. 1858, pl. vu, fig. 1, la, 1b.—* KusTEr, 
Conch. Cab. Unio., 1861, p. 204, pl. Lx viul, fig. 4.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1866, pl. xLiu1, fig. 236.—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.—* PTE, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156. ; 

* Margarita (Unio) lanceolatus LEA, Syn., 1886, p. 35; 1838, p. 24. 

*Margaron (Unio) lanceolatus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p.57. 

*Unio lanceolata DESHAYES, Enc. Méth., II, 1830, p.585; ~An.sans Vert., 2d ed., 
VI, 1835, p. 547; 3d ed., II, 1889, p. 672. 


North Carolina; Virginia. 
+ UNIO VIRIDULUS Lea.! 


*Unio viridulus Lea, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 193; * Jl. Ac. Nat. Sei. 
Phila., Vi, 1866, p.10, pl. 111, fig. 17; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 14, pl. 1, fig. 17.— 
*B. H. WrieutT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) viridulus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 58. 


Neuse River, near Raleigh, North Carolina. 


1A young shell, no doubt, which in texture and appearance is much like U. lanceo- 
latus, but is bright green and not so pointed behind. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 735 


+ UNIO PRODUCTUS Conrad.! 


Unio productus CONRAD, Monog., III, 1836, p. 31, pl. xtv, fig. 1.—* Haney, Test. 
Moll., 1842, p. 205; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 205, pl]. xxui1, fig. 17.—* CaTLow and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 66, 
pl. xv1, fig. 2.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—* H. and 
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 
1888.—* PTEL, Conch Sam., III, 1890, p. 164. 

* Margarita (Unio) productus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 37; 1838, p. 24. 

* Margaron (Unio) productus, Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 37; 1870, p. 60. 

* Unio barrotti KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 189, pl. Lrx, fig. 6. 


North Carolina; Virginia; Maryland. 


+UNIO NASUTULUS Lea. (Emend.) 


* Unio nasutilus 2 Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 192. 

* Unio nasutulus Lea, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 12, pl. 11, fig.9; *Obs., 
XI, 1867, p. 16, pl. 111, fig. 9.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) nasutulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60.° 


Livingston’s Creek, Brunswick County, North Carolina. 


+ UNIO FISHERIANUS Lea. 


*Unio fisherianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 8, pl. Iv, fig. 8; * Obs., IT, 
1838, p. 8, pl.iv, fig. 8.—* TrROscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
234.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 206; ~ Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206, pl. xxu1, 
fig. 52.—* CaATLOwW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.—* ConrRaD, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 
1857, p.491.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xx, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—* KusTER, 
Conch. Cab. Unio., 1&61, p. 205, pl. Lxvitl, fig. 6.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1865, pl. xxiv, fig. 118.—* Hartman and MICHENER, Conch. Cest., 
1874, p. 90, fig. 187.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* P@ TEL, Conch. 
Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 152. 

* Margarita (Unio) fisherianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 37; 1838, p. 24. 

* Margaron (Unio) fisherianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 37; 1870, p. 60. 

*Unio nasutus CONRAD (part),! Monog., II, 1858, pl. xvii, fig. 1. 


Virginia; Maryland; Pennsylvania, in the Atlantic drainage. 


t UNIO EMMONSII Lea. 


* Unio emmonsit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., [X, 1857, p.86; * J]. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p.56, pl. 1, fig. 203; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p.60, pl.1, fig. 203.—* B. H. 
WriGHT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) emmonsii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. 


North Carolina. 


1T have seen a large number of specimens of what I suppose is this, none of which 
exactly agree with Conrad’s figure and description, but which I can not refer to any- 
thing else. 

2So written; no doubt a typographical error. 

’ Probably only a variety of U. productus Conrad. 

4Conrad’s first two figures (under fig.1) are certainly U. fisherianus, the third is 
a female nasutus. 


736 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+UNIO DISPALANS B. H. Wright. 
* Unio dispalans B. H. Wrieut, Nautilus, 1899, p. 50. 


+t UNIO SUBINFLATUS Conrad. 


* Unio subinflatus CONRAD, Monog., XI, 1838, p. 97, pl. Liv, fig.1; * Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* B. H.Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 

* Margaron (Unio) subinflatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p.52. 


South Georgia; Florida. 
t UNIO AHENEUS Lea. 


* Unio aheneus LEA, Dese. 12 Uniones, 1843 (no paging); * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 
1846, p. 280, pl. x11, fig.9; * Obs., 1V, 1848, p. 38, pl. xu, fig.9.—* H. and A. 
ApaAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 
1866, pl. xxxvI, fig. 194.—* B. H. Wrigut, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144.—* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 
431, pl. LXxu, fig. 6. é 

* Margaron (Unio) aheneus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 37; 1870, p. 60. 


Florida. 
+ UNIO WALTONI B. H. Wright. 


* Unio waltont B. H.WriGHt, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1888, p. 114, pl. 11, fig. 3; * Check 
List, 1888.—* Srmpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 431, pl. LX XIII, fig. 7. 


Florida. 
}UNIO ATTENUATUS Lea. 


*Unio attenuatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., II, 1872, p. 157; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p.41, pl. xiv, fig. 88; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 45, pl. xiv, fig. 38.— 
.*B.H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 


Georgia. 
+ UNIO ROSTRZEFORMIS Lea. 


* Unio rostreformis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VILI, 1856, p. 262. 

*Unio rostriformis LBA, JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., [V, 1858, p.64, pl. x, fig.46; * Obs., 
VI,1858, p. 64, pl. x, fig. 46.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) rostriformis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. 

*+Unio maconensis Lua, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VIII, 1857, p.172; “Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., TV, 1858, p. 93, pl. xx, fig. 73; Obs., VI, 1858, p. 93, pl. xx, fig. 73.— 
*B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) maconensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 60. 


Georgia. 
UNIO DUTTONIANUS Lea. 


*Unio duttonianus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., TI, 1841, p.31; * Ji. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1842, p. 236, pl. xxi, fig.50; *Obs., III, 1842, p.74, pl. xxu, fig. 50.— 
*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., If, 1857, p. 491.—* Cuenu, I. Conch., 1858, pl. xxxuJ, figs. 4, 4a, 
4b.—SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc1, fig. 492.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) duttonianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 57. 

* Unio duttonianus PATEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. 


Ogeechee Canal, Savannah, Georgia. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 737 


+ UNIO FOLLICULATUS Lea. 


*Unio folliculatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1858, p. 38, pl. x1, fig. 33; * Obs., 
IJ, 1838, p. 33, pl. x1, fig. 33.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
236.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 204; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 204, pl. xxu, 
fig. 55.—* CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen. Ree. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 
491.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. x x111, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—* KusTER, Conch. 
Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 202, pl. Lxvu, fig. 4.—* SOwERByY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, 
pl. xc, fig. 493.—* B. H. Wr1eGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 153. 

* Margarita ( Unio) folliculatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. 

* Margaron (Unio) folliculatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.35; 1870, p.57. 

*+Unio exacutus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 159; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 45, pl. xv, fig.43; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p.49, pl. xv, fig. 49.— 
*B.H. Wrieat, Check List, 1888. 

*+ Unio rostellum Luna, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p.160; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 44, pl. xv, fig. 41; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 48, pl. xv, fig. 41.— 
~B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 


Georgia. 


+UNIO SHEPARDIANUS Lea. 


* Unio shepardianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 95, pl. x111, fig. 38; *Obs., I, 
1834, p. 207, pl. x11, fig. 388. —* CONRAD, Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 70, pl. xxx1x.— 
*PERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 203; 

.* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 203, pl. xxii, fig. 25.—* KusrEer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, 
p. 65, pl. xvi, fig. 1.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* ?CHENU, Man., 1859, 
II, p. 139, fig. 647.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xIx, fig. 90.—* B. H. 
Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 

* Margarita (Unio) shepardianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. 

* Margaron (Unio) shepardianus La, Syn., 1852, p.35; 1870, p. 57. 

* Unio sheppardianus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64. 


Altamaha River, Georgia. 
(Group of Unio popeii.) 


Shell elongated, narrowed in front, and biangulate behind, with the 
base slightly sinuate, feebly sulcate; beaks not prominent, sculptured 
with rather fine, somewhat broken, often faint ridges, which have a ten- 
dency to fall into two rounded loops; psSeudocardinals compressed, high, 
sharp, ragged; laterals long, slightly curved; cavity of the beaks shal- 
low; cicatrices not deep. The shell is only a little thickened in front, 
and that of the female is slightly swollen at the posterior base. 

Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole length of the outer 
gills; ovisacs not separated by a sulcus; gills long, inner a little the 
larger throughout, generaily free their whole length from the abdominal 
sac; palpi enormous, wide, oval, slightly pointed behind, united two- 
thirds of their length to the mantle; mantle double on its edge; bran- 
chial opening large. 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——47 


738 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


13 + UNIO POPEII Lea. 


* Unio popeit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 102; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1858, p. 372, pl. LXv1, fig. 197; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 54, pl. Lxv1, fig. 197. 

* Unio popei SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxx1, fig. 430.—*B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.— 
* FISCHER and CRoSssE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 605. 

* Margaron (Unio) popett LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57. 


South Texas; northeast Mexico. 


tUNIO POEYANUS Lea. 


* Unio poeyanus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 85; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 35, 
pl. xxxul, fig. 30; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 315, pl. xxx, fig. 30.— 
*SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc, fig. 486.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.—* FiscHER and 
CrossB, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 606. 

* Margaron ( Unio) poeyanus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 57. 


Rio de las Balsas, near Coyucan, Mexico. 


UNIO VER-PACIS Tristram. 


* Unio vere-pacis TRISTRAM, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, Pt. 3, p. 414..—* B. H. 
WriGHt, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171.— 
* FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 620. 


Guatemala, Department of Vera Paz. 
Section CANTHYRIA Swainson, 1840. 


Shell inflated, suboval, spinose, with a high, rather sharp posterior 
ridge, above which it is somewhat truncated, the posterior slope being 
sometimes slightly wrinkled; beaks rather compressed, the sculpture 
not seen; epidermis smooth and shining, variegated with angular 
blotches; hinge sharply curved at the center; pseudocardinals rather 
compressed ; laterals short, remote, the hinge plate narrowed; beak cavi- 
ties rather deep. Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of the 
outer gills, forming a smooth pad; branchiz very large, round below, 
inner the larger, free nearly their whole length from the abdominal 
sac; palpi large; mantle double on its edge, sometimes with a few 
papille in front of the branchial opening; branchial opening small; 
superanal opening colored inside.’ 


t Unio spinosus LEA, Desc. of New Sp. Unio, 1836, colored figs. ; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
VI, 1838, p. 57, pl. xvi, fig. 50; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 57, pl. xvi, fig. 50.—* Jay, 
Cat., 1839, p. 113, pl. v, figs. 1, 2.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 
2, p. 236.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 182; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 182, pl. 


1Only a Latin description was given by Tristram, and the species is not identifi- 
able. It is probably close to U. popeii, and may possibly be that. 

2 Notwithstanding the remarkable character of well-developed spines on the only 
species of this group, U. spinosus, the animal even when gravid does not present any 
striking peculiarities, and is certainly a Unio. I have seen one or two specimens of 
the spinosus with only one spine on one valve and none on the other, and one in the 
Lea collection without spines. : 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 739 


Xx1u, fig.56.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—*Conrap, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 
167, pl. XLIx, fig. 1.—*CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x xu, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.— 
*SoweErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xix, fig. 261.—*B. H. Wricurt, 
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 

*Margarita (Unio) spinosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 17, colored plate; 1838, p. 16. 

*Margaron (Unio) spinosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 35. 

“Canthyria spinosa SwAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, pp. 276, 378.—*AGassiz, Arch, 
fiir Nat., I, 1852, p. 44. 

* Unio spinosa GoopRicH, Ill. Nat. Hist., II, 1859, p. 523, fig. 


Altamaha River, Georgia. 


Section UNIOMERUS Conrad, 1853, 
(Type, Unio tetralasmus Say.) 


Shell trapezoid, with a rounded posterior ridge, and pointed or feebly 
biangulate behind; beaks not prominent, sculptured with 10 to 15 
curved, rather strong, concentric ridges, which sweep decidedly upward 
behind, where they are drawn somewhat closely together; epidermis 
generally rayless, often clothlike; pseudocardinals usually compressed ; 
laterals delicate, slightly curved; muscle scars large, shallow, nacre 
generally lurid. 

Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole length of the outer 
branchie, pad-like; gills large, inner the larger, free nearly or quite the 
length of the abdominal sac; mantle generally rather thick, thicker 
and double on the edge. 


tUNIO TETRALASMUS Say. 


* Unio tetralasmus Say, Am. Conch., III, 1830, pl. xx111.!—* FERusSAC, Guer. Mag., 
1835, p. 26.—* DEsHAYES, An. sans. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 555; 3d 
ed., II, 1839, p. 674.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198; * Biv. Shells, 
1843, p. 198, pl. xx, fig. 49.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 
64.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845, p. 52, pl. x, figs. 1-3.— 
*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. 
Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTE., 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169. 


——_ 


1An abundant, widespread, and very variable species, and if there were no con- 
necting links it would be easy to make a half dozen species out of it. The first 
described is the Unio tetralasmus Say, an elongated, rather smooth, more or less shin- 
ing form, of which excultus, jamesianus, parallelus, subcroceus, and symmetricus seem 
to besynonymous, varying a little in form, color, and smoothness. The variety camp- 
todon of Say is quite rhomboid, and is a rather rough, dark shell, and U. symmetricus 
is practically synonymous. Variety declivis is peculiarly drawn out at the post 
basal point. Variety manubius is a large, rather smooth form, rounded on the basal 
line. All these are Southern and Southwestern forms. Variety sayi is a yellowish 
shell, with very distinct rest marks, and has a more northern distribution than the 
rest, but it absolutely blends into them. Ward sent a description of his U. sayi to 
Tappan, who published it in the American Journal of Science and Arts under date of 
1839. In Part XI of the Monography, dated November, 1838, Conrad describes Unio 
sayanus (changed to sayi in his notes) and refers it to Ward in the American Journal 
of Science and Arts of 1839. There is some mistake in these dates. In giving the 
synonymy it is hard to tell in all cases just what authors have meant. 


740 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. xu. - 


* Margarita (Unio) tetralasmus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 30; 1838, p. 21. ~ 

*Margarcn (Unio) tetralasmus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 50. 

*OUnio excultus CONRAD, Monog., XI, 1838, p. 99, pl. Liv, fig. 1; Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 

*tUnio parallelus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1841, p. 20; * Jl. Ac. Phila., 
VIII, 1842, p. 179.! 

*t+tUnio symmetricus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
X, 18538, p. 73, pl.1v, fig. 11; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 47, pl. rv, fig. 11.—*Conrap, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 493.—* B. H. WrieHT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 
1890, p. 169. 

*Margaron (Unio) symmetricus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p.52. 

*+ Unio porrectus CONRAD, J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 296, pl. xx v1, fig. 7.—* B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

*+ Unio subcroceus CONRAD, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, p. 297, pl. xx vil, fig. 1. 

*Unio jamesianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 84; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1X58, p. 53, pl. vi, fig. 35; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 52, pl. vi, fig. 35.—* B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

Margaron (Unio) jamesianus La, Syn., 1870, p. 50. 


+UNIO TETRALASMUS var. CAMPTODON Say. 


* Unio camptodon Say, Am. Conch., V, 1832, pl. x111.—* CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 
1834, p. 68.—* FERuUSsAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 
1842, p. 198; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 198, pl. xx1, fig. 17.—* CuENU, Bib. Conch., 
ist ser., III, 1845, p. 53, pl. xiv, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—*CarLow and REEVR, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.— 
*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—*SowrErBy, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxx, fig. 356.—*B. H. WriauT, Check List, 1888.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147.—*StTEarns, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., 
XIV, 1891, p. 105. 

* Margarita (Unio) camptodon LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 30; 1838, p. 21. 

* Margaron (Unio) camptodon Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 50. 

*+ Unio geometricus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1832, p. 38, pl. rv, fig. 10; * Obs., 
J, 1834, p. 150, pl. rv, fig. 10. 


tUNIO TETRALASMUS var. MANUBIUS Gould. 


* Unio manubius GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1856, p. 229; *Otia Conch., 
1862, p. 218.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* FISCHER and CROSSE, 
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 592. 

* Margaron (Unio) manubius GOULD, Syn., 1870, p. 54. 

* Unio manubrius P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 


+UNIO TETRALASMUS var. DECLIVIS Say. 


Unio declivis Say, Transylvania Jl. IV, 1831, p. 527; * Am. Conch., III, 1832, pl. 
Xxxxv.—* ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68.—* FERUsSSACc, Guer. Mag., 
1835, p. 26.—* DEsHAYES, An. sans. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 556; 3d ed., I, 
1839, p. 675.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 200; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 200, 
pl. xxi, fig. 50.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 46, pl. x11, figs. 
1, la, 1b.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—* KuSTER, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 60, pl. xiv, fig. 1—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 


1This name had been used by Sowerby for a fossil Unio, and Conrad subsequently 
changed it to porrectus on that account, but Sowerby had also used that name for a 
Unio. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 741 


Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
493.—" B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* P&T TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 150. 

* Margarita (Unio) declivis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 32; 1838, p. 22. 

* Margaron (Unio) declivis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. 


UNIO TETRALASMUS var. SAYI Ward. 


*Unio sayi WARD (in Tappan), Am. Jl. Sci., XXXV, 1839, p. 268, pl. 311, fig. 1.— 
* ConrAD, Monog., XI, 1838?, p. 102, pl. Lv, fig. 2..—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. 
Unio, 1861, p. 246, pl. Lxxx111, fig. 1.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 
166. 

* Unio sayanus B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

* Unio electrinus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxv, fig. 121.—* Paret, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. 


Lower Mississippi drainage north to about latitude 40°; Ohio River 
system; Alabama River system and southwest through Texas into 
northern Mexico. Not reported, so far as I know, from the Tennessee 
and Cumberland rivers. 


tUNIO COLUMBENSIS Lea.? 


*Unio columbensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 31; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., TV, 1858, p. 75, pl. x1v, fig. 55; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 75, pl. x1v, fig. 55.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) columbensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 50. 

* Unio columbiensis P& TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 


Chattahoochee River, Georgia, west to Little Patsaliga Creek, Ala- 
bama. 


tUNIO OBESUS Lea. 


*? Unio carolinensis Bosc,’ Hist. Nat. de Coq., 1824, III, p. 139, pl. xxi, fig. 2.— 
*FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 26 —* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1843, pl. xvi, 
fig. 4.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246. 

*t+Unio obesus Les, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 96, pl. x11, fig. 26; * Obs., I, 
1834, p. 106, pl. x11, fig. 26.—* ConraD, N. F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* Han- 
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 198, pl. xxu1, fig. 34.— 
*CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xviil, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.— 
* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 196, pl. Lx1tI, fig. 2.—* REEVE, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvi, fig.84.—* ?SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, 
pl. xxxvill, fig. 212.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa#TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.—* Simpson, Pr. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 428, pl. 
LXVIUl, fig. 6; Lxrx, figs. 1, 2,4; Lxx1, fig. 3. 

* Margarita (Unio) obesus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 30; 1838, p. 21. 

* Margaron (Unio) obesus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 50. 


1Unio sayanus on plate, U. sayi in note. 

*This species almost merges into obesus on the one hand and the southern forms of 
tetralasmus on the other. The distribution of obesus is eastern, that of tetralasmus 
western, while columbensis occupies a central position in streams of the Gulf drainage. 

*It is impossible to tell from the very poor figure what this is. Lea thinks it is 
Margaritana margaritifera, but Bose did not visit any region where that species is 
found, and the figure seems to show lateral teeth. It is quite probably U. obesus. 
I think Lea’s name had better be used. 


742 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


* Unio declivis CONRAD, Monog., V, 1836, p. 45, pl. x x11, fig. 1. 

*+ Unio ineptus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 261, pl. xv, fig. 12; * Obs., V, 
1852, p. 17, pl. xv, fig. 12.—* ConraD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 
250.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 

* Margaron (Unio) ineptus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 50. 

*+t Unio hebes Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 267, pl. xvutt, fig. 21; *Obs., V, 
1852, p. 23, pl. xvi, fig. 21.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 
250.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.494.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154. 

* Margaron ( Unio) hebes LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 51. 

*+ Unio rivularis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* Conran, Jl. 
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 296. 

*+ Unio cicur Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 93, pl. x11, fig. 241.—* Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 96, pl. x11, fig. 241.— 
B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) cicur Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

* Unio squalidus Lua, (part) 1 Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XV, 1863, p. 192.—* Jl. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 22, pl. vu, fig. 20; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 26, pl. v1, fig. 
20.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) squalidus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 

* + Unio jewettii Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1867, p. 81; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1868, p. 276, pl. xxxvui, fig. 89; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 36, pl. xxvul, fig. 89.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) jewettii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 

*+Unio pawensis LEA,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 161; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei 
Phila., VI, 1868,p. 302, pl. xiv, fig. 114; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 62, pl. xLv, fig. 
114.—* B. H. Wriaur, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) pawensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 

*+Unio rivicolus CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., IV, 1868, p. 280, pl. xvu1, fig. 4.— 
*B. H. WricuHtT, Check List, 1888. 


*+UNIO OBESUS var. BLANDINGIANUS Lea. 


“Unio blandingianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 101, pl. xv, fig. 445% 
* Obs., I, 1834, p. 213, pl. xv, fig. 44.—* Ferussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.— 
* CONRAD, Monog., V, 1836, p. 46, pl. xx1H, fig. 2.—* HANLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, 
p- 200; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 200, pl. x x11, fig. 1.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. 
Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* Kusrer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 36, pl. v1, fig. 2.— 
* ConrRAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. Xxxv, 
fig. 187.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* 8. H. WRIGHT, Conch. Ex., II, 
1888, p. 95.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146. 

* Margarita (Unio) blandingianus Lua, Syn., 1836, p. 32; 1838, p. 22. 

* Margaron (Unio) blandingianus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. 


1Under this name Dr. Lea has certainly described two species, a heavy quadrate, 
form biangulate behind, with purple nacre—a variety of complanatus—and another 
which is, no doubt, U. obesus, and is the shell figured. 

2A rough, apparently diseased obesus. 

3A decidedly trapezoidal form with cloth-like, dark epidermis, possibly worthy of 
a varietal name. The transition to the typical state is, however, very complete. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 743 


*+tUNIO OBESUS var. PALUDICOLUS Gould. 


*Unio paludicolus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., II, 1845, p. 53.—* GouLp, 
Otia. Conch., 1852, p. 197.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 493.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) paludicolus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. 

* Unio paludicolor CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—* Parmy, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

Southern Virginia southward in streams draining into the Atlantic, 
and throughout the peninsula of Florida. 


+UNIO BISSELLIANUS Lea. 


* Unio bissellianus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1867, p. 81; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
ahaa eee S Ss. Demraeits. Dl XeXexeVIE wo. IOs Obss, Xu 1869) pry.3i., pl. 
XXXVU, fig. 90.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 146. 

* Margaron (Unio) bissellianus Lea, Syn., 1890, p. 50. 


Bissell’s Pond, Charlotte, North Carolina. 


t UNIO SUBLURIDUS Simpson. 


* Unio subluridus SIMPSON, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 432, pl. LX x1ul, figs. 
3, 4. 
Orange Springs, Marion County, Florida. I can not be certain as to 
the relationship of this species, as the beaks are eroded in the only 
shells I have seen. 


Section MICRONATAS Simpson, 1900. 


(Type, Unio aratus Lea.) 


Shell small, oval, a little produced near the posterior base, with a 
moderate posterior ridge and pointed near the base behind; beaks 
rather prominent, the sculpture beidg apparently rather fine, irregu- 
larly concentric ridges, having a tendency to fall into two loops; the 
whole surface strongly and closely concentrically ridged; pseudocardi- 
nals compressed, high, slightly curved upward; laterals compressed, 
curved; beak cavities moderately deep; nacre whitish; anterior muscle 
scars deep, rough; posterior well marked. 

Animal with the marsupium pad-like, occupying all but the extreme 
posterior part of the outer gills; branchiz elongated, wider behind, inner 
the larger throughout, free from the abdominal sac or united to it;! 
palpi large, rounded behind; mantle with thickened border; anal 
opening crenulate. 


‘In some specimens free throughout; in others entirely united. 


(44 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vor. XXII. 


+UNIO ARATUS Lea. 


* Unio aratus LEA, Disc. 12 Uniones, 1843; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IX, 1845, p. 282, pl. 
XLU, fig. 12; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 40, pl. xi, fig. 12.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.— * SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx1v, fig. 
320.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEeL, Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, 
p. 144. 

* Margaron (Unio) aratus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 35. 


Central America. 
+UNIO GRANADENSIS Lea. 


* Unio granadensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 95; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 293, pl. xu, fig. 103; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 53, pl. xu, fig. 
103.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron ( Unio) granadensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. 


Lake Nicaragua. 


The following species are of Rafinesque, but I am utterly unable to 
make anything out of them: 

Unio dilatata, elliptica, fasciata, fragilis, levigata, nervosa, viridis, 
zonata, all in Monograph, 1820; also Unio bicolor, calendis, castaneus, 
chloris, diaphanus, fontinalis, fulvus, lasmabrachys, montanus, pallens, 
platiolus, rivularis, rimosus, teneltus, venus, all in Continuation of 
Monograph, 1831. 

Other indeterminate Unionide of Rafinesyue are: Amblema antrosa, 
costata, gibbosa, olivaria, rubra, torulosa; Lasmonos fragilis; Obovaria 
obovalis, pachostea; Obliquaria triangularis, attenuata, atroviolacea, 
bullata, cliffordiana, cuprea, cyphia, ellipsaria, fasciolaris, flava, flexuosa, 
lateralis, lineolata, nodulata, obliquata, pusilla, quadrula, sintoxia, sin- 
uata, subrotunda, all in Monograph, 1820. Bariosta diploderma, pon- 
derosus, vittatis; Epilobasma biloba; Toxolasma cinerescens, cyclips, 
flexus, in Continuation of Monograph, 1831. 

The following are also indeterminate and spurious Unios: 

Unio tahetianus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64. Is probably U. 
taitianus Lea. 

Unio largillierti PH1LIpP1, Menke’s Zeits., 1847, p. 94. 

Unio musicus SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., II, 1793, p. 67. 

Unio radula Say, N. Harm. Diss., 1829, p. 323. 

Unio plombarius VILLA, Disp. Conch. Terr. Fluv., 1841, p. 62. 

Unio pequottianus LINSLEY, Am. Jl. Sci., 1845, p. 277. 

Unio iridescens CONRAD, Cov. of Monog. No. 11. 

Unio angusta LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80. 

Unio conus SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., 1792. 

Unio delphinus SPENGLER, Skriv. Nat. Selsk., 1793, p. 63. 

Unio doumeti LETOURNEUX and BOoURGNIGNAT, Prod. Mal. Tunis., p. 163. 

Unio distortus BEAN, Ann. and Mag., 1836, p. 376, fig. 53. 

Unio wher CONRAD, Am. JI. Conch., IT, p. 279. 

Mya obovata SOLANDER, Portland Cat., p. 100. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 745 


Genus PLEUROBEMA (Rafinesque, 1820) Agassiz. 
(Type, Unio clava Lamarck.') 
Pleurobema RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys., Brux, 1820, p. 313. 


Shell solid, triangular to rhomboid, usually with a prominent umbonal 
region; beaks at or near the anterior end of the shell, incurved and 
pointed forward over a small but well developed lunule; beak sculpture 
_ coarse, consisting of a few irregular, often broken ridges, which curve 
upward posteriorly; posterior ridge present, but low and rounded; 
epidermis showing the rest periods plainly, tawny to olive, often orna- 
mented with rays which show a tendency to break into square spots; 
hinge rather strong, the plate generally narrow; pseudocardinals tri- 
angular, ragged; laterals reaching nearly or quite to the pseudocar- 
dinals, double in both valves, in the right valve the inner being smaller; 
muscle scars deep, the posterior rounded; cavity of the beaks shallow; 
nacre silvery; male and female shells essentially alike. 

Animal having the inner gills much the larger, rounded below, free 
from the abdominal sac for a part or all of their length; marsupium 
occupying the entire outer gills, the ovisacs in some cases seeming to 
be arranged in pairs; animal generally yellowish to salmon red, some- 
times more or less brown or blackish. 


(Group of Pleurobema clava.) 


Shell solid, triangular; beaks high, generally anterior; beak sculp- 
ture consisting of three or four broken, coarse, irregular ridges; epider- 
mis yellowish or tawny, marked with broken green rays which show a 
tendency to form square spots; pseudocardinals often somewhat length- 
ened and more or less parallel with the laterals. 

Animal having the inner gills the larger except at the extreme pos- 
terior end, free nearly or quite their whole length from the abdominal 
sac; marsupium occupying the entire outer gills; branchial opening 
rather large, with small papilla; anal opening with minute papille or 
erenulations. Animal dirty whitish to salmon. 


+ PLEUROBEMA CLAVA Lamarck. 


*Unio clava LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 74.—* DEsHaAyEs, An. sans 
Vert., 2ded., VI, 1835, p. 537; 3ded., II, 1839, p. 669.—* ConraD, Monog., I, 1835, 
p.5, pl. 11, fig. 1.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. 


'T regret that I have not been able to examine more of the animals of this group, 
especially those of the gravid females. The shells on the one hand approach very 
close to those of Quadrula in appearance, and to Unio on the other hand. But all of 
them have shallow beak cavities, while those of Quadrula are deep, and the embryos 
of Pleurobema are contained in the outer gills only. The shells are generally more 
solid and more triangular than those of Unio, and the pattern of coloring is different 
from that of either genus. It stands between the two genera. I place Unio wsopus 
and varicosus in Pleurobema with some hesitation, though in a specimen of the 
former containing comparatively few embryos there were none in the inner gills, 
and their beak cavities are shallow. 


746 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 246.—* KusrER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 39, pl. 
Vil, fig. 2.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXIx, fig. 354. 

* Pleurobema clava AGassiz, Arch. fiir Naturg., I, 1852, p. 49. 

* Unio clavus REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 117, pl. Lxxxvuil, fig. 3.—* HaNn- 
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 187; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187, pl. xx, fig. 52.—*CatT- 
Low and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.—* H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 148.—*Cau, Tr. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 9. 
pli. 

* Margarita (Unio) clavus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18. 

* Margaron (Unio) clavus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. 

*tUnio patulus LEA,' Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1829, p. 44, pl. xu, fig. 20; * Obs., I, 
1834, p. 55, pl. xu, fig. 20.—*ConrAD, Monog., X, 1838, p. 92, pl. L, fig. 2.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 187; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187, pl. xxu1, fig. 
27.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—*H. and A. Apams, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CuENnu, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. x v1, figs. 6, 6a, 
6b.—* KusrEer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 259, pl. Lxxxvil, fig. 5.—* B. H. 
WricGur, Check List, 1888.—*PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

* Margarita (Unio) patulus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18. 

* Margaron (Unio) patulus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. 

* Unio cuneatus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28. 


Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems. Reported from 
Iowa City, lowa; St. Peter’s River, Minnesota, and from Nebraska. 


+ PLEUROBEMA MACULATA Conrad. 


* Unio maculatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 30, pl. Iv, fig. 4, p. 70.— 
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29. MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 202.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 203; * Biv. Shelis, 1843, p. 203.—* CaTLow and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.60.—* CuENu, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845. 
p.17, pl. 11, fig. 7.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 252.—* H. 
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 
1861, p. 216, pl. Lxxu, fig. 2.—*B.H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, 
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 158. 

* Margarita (Unio) maculatus La, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. 

* Margaron (Unio) maculatus LHa, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 38.2 


Tennessee River system. 
t PLEUROBEMA HOLSTONENSIS Lea.? 


*Unio holstonensis Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
VIII, 1842, p. 212, pl. xv, fig. 27; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 50, pl. xv, fig. 27.—*HANn- 


‘No specimen in the Lea collection exactly agrees with the figure of this species 
and Lea gives no exact locality for the type; but from a careful study of his shells 
and the figure and description I am convinced that it is a somewhat compressed form 
of the very variable clava, which has rather low beaks, that are not placed as far for- 
ward as usual. There seems to be a complete set of intermediates. 

2Dr. Lea is inclined to believe (see above citation) that Conrad’s Unio maculatus 
is the same as his own ravenelianus, and if this were the case Lea’s name should have 
precedence. From an examination of specimens in the Philadelphia Academy of 
Natural Sciences and Conrad’s figure and description, I am forced to differ from Dr. 
Lea, as I consider the species close to Lamarck’s clavus. 

3 The type, a young shell, is certainly the same as Unio lawti, and there does not seem 
to be any material difference between it and the types of U. bellulus and mundus. 
The figure is hardly accurate. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. CASE 


LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 213.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., Phila., VI, 1853, p. 
950.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—*CuHENu, III. 
Conch., 1858, pl. xxxu1, figs. 1, la, 1b.—*KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, 
p- 287, pl. xcvi, fig. 4.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) holstonensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. 

*Unio mundus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p.83; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1866, p.40, pl. xiv, fig. 38; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 44, pl. xiv, fig. 38.—*REEVE, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvi, fig. 72..\—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 
1888.—*P TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160. 

* Margaron (Unio) mundus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. 

t* Unio lawi Lga, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 189; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 8, pl. u, fig. 45 *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 12, pl. m1, fig. 4.—*B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

t* Unio pattinoides LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 193; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 16, pl.1v, fig. 12; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 20, pl. rv, fig. 12.— 
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

t * Unio bellulus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 161; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 50, pl. xvu, fig. 48; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 54, pl. xvi, fig. 
48.—B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 


Tennessee River system. 


+t PLEUROBEMA BOURNIANUS Lea. 


* Unio bournianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1842, p. 213, pl. xv, fig. 28; *Obs., III, p. 51, pl. xv, fig. 28.—*Conrap, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 
1857, p. 495.—*CHENU, Ill. Coneh., 1858, pl. xxviul, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—*B. H. 
Wricat, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146. 

* Maragron (Unio) bournianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39. 


Sciota River, near Chillicothe, Ohio. 


+ PLEUROBEMA EDGARIANUS Lea. 


*Unio edgarianus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
VIII, 1842, p. 214, pl. xv, fig. 30; Obs., III, 1842, p. 52, pl. xv, fig. 30.—* Con- 
RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxix, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.— 
* KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 213, pl. Lxx, fig. 5.—* Musa@Rave, Phot. 
Conch., 1863, pl. 11, fig. 6.—* REEvk, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xv, fig. 
65.—* B. H.WriGcuT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 
151. 

* Margaron ( Unio) edgarianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39. 

t * Unio obuncus Luna, Pr. Ac. N. Sci., I, 1871, p. 192; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci., VIII, 1874, 
p. 9, pl. u, fig. 5; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 13, pl. u, fig. 5.—* B. H. Wrieut, 
Check List, 1888. 

+ * Unio andersonensis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 155; * Jl. Ac., N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 36, pl. xu, fig. 33; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 40, pl. x11, fig. 
33.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 


Tennessee River system. 


1In the errata Reeve says this is not mundus, but that it is nearer cuneolus and 
mooresianus. I have compared it with authentic specimens, and it is certainly 
nearer mundus than either of the other mentioned species. 


748 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+PLEUROBEMA CUNEOLUS Lea. 


* Unio cuneolus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1842, p. 193, pl. vu, fig. 3; *Obs., ITI, 1842, p. 31, pl. vu, fig. 3.—*“CONRAD, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 495.—*CuHENU, I]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* KUSTER, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 182, pl. Lx vu, fig. 4.—* REEve, Conch. Icon., XVI, 
1865, pl. xxii, fig. 107.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. 
Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 149. 

* Margaron (Unio) cuneolus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 38. 

t* Unio clinchensis Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1867, p. 81; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 278, pl. xxxvut, fig. 91; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 38, pl. xxxvil, 
fig. 91.—* B. H.Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 148. 

* Margaron (Unio) clinchensis La, Syn., 1870, p. 38. 


Tennessee River system. 
+PLEUROBEMA LESLEYI Lea. 


* Unio lesleyi Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 352, pl. Lvl, fig. 177; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 34, pl. Lvui1, fig. 177.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check Lists 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) lesleyi LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. 


Kentucky; Tennessee. 
+t PLEUROBEMA RAVENELIANA Lea. 


*Unio ravenelianus L¥A,! Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 32, pl. 111, fig. 5; *Obs., 
I, 1834, p. 144, pl. 11, fig. 5.—* Ferussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HANLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 187; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187, pl. xx, fig.59.—* CaTLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p.495.—* KusTER,Conch.Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 269, pl. xc1, fig. 1.—* REEVE, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvi, fig. 70.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margarita (Unio) ravenelianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 22; 1838, p. 18. 

*Margaron (Unio) ravenelianus, LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. 

*Unio rudis CONRAD, Monog., IX, 1837, p. 76, pl. xxi, fig. 1.—* CONRAD, Pr. 
Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257. 

*Unio decisus KUSTER, (part) Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 41, pl. vi, fig. 1. 


Kentucky; Tennessee; western North Carolina. 
+t PLEUROBEMA OVIFORMIS Conrad. 


* Unio oviformis CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 46, pl. m1, fig. 6; p. 70.— 
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 
208.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 22, pl. 1, fig. 7.—* Con- 
RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* B. H. Wricat, Check List, 1888.—* P& TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

Margaron (Unio) oviformis LA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. 


Tennessee. 


'In May, 1834, Conrad published a Unio raveneli in New Fresh Water Shells (p. 39) 
which belongs to the complanatus group. Lea’s name, ravenelianus, appeared in 
August or September of the same year. Conrad, claiming priority for his name, 
substituted that of Unio rudis for Lea’s species. As the names are really different, 
that of Lea had better stand. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. T49 


+tPLEUROBEMA ACUENS Lea. 


* Unio acuens LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p.190; * Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 27, pl. vii, fig. 24; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 31, pl. vim, fig. 24.— 
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 143. 


Tennessee River system. 


+t PLEUROBEMA ORNATA Lea. 


* Unio ornatus LKa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 4; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 85, pl. x1, fig. 234; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 89, pl. x1, fig. 234.— 
*PxTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

* Margaron (Unio) ornatus LEa, Syn., 1870, p. 57.1 


Alabama. 
+PLEUROBEMA APPRESSA Lea. 


*Unio appressus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 189; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 12, pl. 11, fig. 8.—* Obs., III, 1874, pl. mz, fig. 8—*B. H. 
WriaGut, Check List, 1888. 

* Unio argenteus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxvit, fig. 204. 

tUnio tuscumbiensis La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 191; *Jl. Ae. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 7; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 15, pl. 10, fig. 7.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Unio flavidus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p.156; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 28, pl. 1x, fig. 25; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 32, pl. 1x, fig. 25.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 


Tennessee River system. 


+PLEUROBEMA TESSERULZ Lea. 


*Unio tesserule Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1861, p.392; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1866, p. 40, pl. xv, fig. 39; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 44, pl. xiv, fig. 38.—* B. H. 
WricGut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) tesserule LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36. 


Nolachucky River, Tennessee. 


tPLEUROBEMA VALIDA Lea. 


*Unio validus LEa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p.189; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VEE S74- pp. .6.- ply i fig. 2-3 Obs.) Sil 1si45 ps; 10 plan ne. 2:—* B. EH. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 


Tennessee. 
+PLEUROBEMA ABACUS Haldeman.2 


* Unio abacus HALDEMAN, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1842, p. 202.—* Conran, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI., 1853, p. 244.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p.495.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., 
IIT, 1890, p. 143. 

* Margaron (Unio) abacus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 38 


Tennessee and southwest Virginia. 


! The only specimen I have seen (the type) is a young shell, which I can not refer 
with certainty to any other species. 

2 As this species was not figured and I have not seen the type, I am unable to be 
absolutely certain what it is. In the Lea collection are four specimens labeled 
“¢ Unio abacus Hald.,’”’ which are close to appressus. 


750 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM | VOL. XXIL 


+PLEUROBEMA SWORDIANA 6S. H. Wright. 


* Unio swordianus 8. H. WricuT, Naut., XI, 1897, p. 4.! 
* Pleurobema swordiana, Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 81, pl. rv, fig. 4. 


Head waters of the Tennessee River. 
+PLEUROBEMA TUMESCENS Lea. 


* Unio tumescens LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 
1848, p. 71, pl. 11, fig. 7; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 45, pl. 111, fig. 7.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—* H. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p- 496.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* ParEeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 170. 

* Margaron (Unio) tumescens Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. 

+* Unio radiosus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 192; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VII, 1874,p. 13, pl. m1, fig: 95 “Obs, XA, 18745 p. 17," pl. ma geo 
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 


Tennessee. The localities, Alexandria, Louisiana, of Lea, for the type, 
and Ouachita River, Arkansas, given by Call, are open to doubt. 


+PLEUROBEMA DOLABELLOIDES Lea. 


* Unio dolabelloides Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
VIII, 1842, p. 215, pl. xv, fig. 31; * Obs., III, 1842, p. 53, pl. xv, fig. 51.—*Con- 
RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx1x, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.— 
*Kuster, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 214, pl. Lxx1, fig. 3.—* SowkERBy, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxvu, fig. 205.—* B. H. Wricgut, Check List, 1888.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. 

*Margaron (Unio) dolabelloides LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. | 

t * Unio thorntonii, Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 83; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1866, p. 38, pl. xiv, fig. 36; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 42, pl. xrv, fig. 36.—* B. H. 
Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—*P «TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 169. 

* Margaron (Unio) thorntonii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 56. 

t* Unio mooresianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p.83; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1866, p. 39, pl. x1v, fig. 37; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 43, pl. xtv, fig. 37.—* B. H. 
Wriacut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) mooresianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 39. 

*Unio moorenianus P TEL, Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. 159. 

t* Unio recurvatus Lm, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 192; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 6; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 14, pl. 11, fig.6.—* B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

+* Unio circwmactus Lea,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 192; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, pl. rv, fig. 11; Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 19, pl.1v, fig. 11.—* B. H. 
WriGuHtT, Check List, 1888. 


Tennessee River drainage. 


1T am a little in doubt as to the validity of this species. 


°The figured type is certainly an adult, and that of dolabelloides the young of the 
same species. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. T51 


t PLEUROBEMA SUBGLOBATA Lea. 


* Unio subglobatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 191; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 3; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 11, pl. 1, fig. 3.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 


Cumberland and Tennessee rivers. 


+ PLEUROBEMA CRUDA Lea. 


* Unio crudus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 190; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 14, pl. Iv, fig. 10; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 18, pl. rv, fig. 10.— 
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 149. 


Cumberland, French Broad, and Holston rivers, Tennessee; Swamp 
Creek, Murray County, Georgia. 


+ PLEUROBEMA BARNESIANA Lea. 


* Unio barnesianus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 31, pl. x, fig. 26; *Obs., 
II, 1838, p. 31, pl. x, fig. 26.—* TrRoscHEL, Arch. fiir. Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, 
p. 235.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 185; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185, pl. 
xxl, fig. 14.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* ConraD 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x1x, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.— 
*SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxx1v, fig. 180.—* B. H. Wrieut, 
Check List, 1888.—* Parr, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145. 

* Margarita ( Unio) barnesianus LEA, Syn., 18386, p. 20; 1838, p. 17. 

* Margaron (Unio) barnesianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 38. 

* Unio ravenelianus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvi, fig. 70. 

t* Unio tellicoensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 155; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 31, pl. x, fig. 28; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 35, pl. x, fig. 28.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 


Cumberland and Tennessee river systems. 


PLEUROBEMA LYONII Lea. 


* Unio lyonit Lm, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1865, p. 89; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1869, p. 259, xxx11, fig. 74; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 19, pl. xxxu, fig. 74.— 
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. s 

Margaron (Unio) lyonit Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 56. 


Tennessee River system. 


PLEUROBEMA PUDICA Lea. 


* Unio pudicus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.92; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 346, pl. Lv, fig. 171; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 28, pl. Lvt, fig. 171.— 
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxx1, fig. 427.—*B. H. Wriaut, 
Check List, 1888. —? Samm, Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. Mg 

*Margaron ( Unio) pudicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. 
*Unio subrotundus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxvil, fig. 201. 


Tennessee River system. 


+ PLEUROBEMA BIGBYENSIS Lea. 


*Unio bigbyensis LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 30; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1843, p. 237, pl. xx, fig. 51; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 75, pl. xxu, fig. 51.— 


752 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


* CoNRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, I]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx11. figs. 5, 5a, 56.— 
* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 279, pl. xcrv, fig. 3.—* SOWERBY, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. X11, fig. 227.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146. 

* Margaron (Unio) bigbyensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24, 1870, p. 38. 


Tennessee River drainage; Indian Territory? Texas? The two last 
localities very doubtful. 


(Group of Plewrobema decisa.) 


Shell solid, inflated, ovate to elliptical, very inequilateral, somewhat 
truncated in front and rounded or bluntly pointed behind, wedge- 
shaped when looked at from above; base slightly angled in front, then 
nearly straight for two-thirds of its length, from whence it curves to 
the posterior point; beaks high, curved inward and forward; beak 
sculpture consisting of a few coarse, irregularly concentric ridges 
which curve slightly upward behind; epidermis tawny to brownish, 
rayless, the rest periods very distinctly marked by dark bands; pseudo- 
cardinals stumpy, ragged, often showing a tendency to elongation in 
the direction of the axis of the shell. 

Animal having the branchi rather small, inner the larger, free nearly 
or quite the entire length of the abdominal sac, marsupium occupying 
all but the extreme posterior end of the outer gills; branchiz and anal 
openings papillose. 


+ PLEUROBEMA DECISA Lea. 


* Unio decisus LmA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 92, pl. x11, fig. 23; * Obs., I, 1834, 
p. 102, pl. xu, fig. 23.—* ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68.—* FERUS- 
sac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* ConraD, Monog., I, 1835, p. 6, pl. 111, fig. 2.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 187; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187, pl. xxu1, fig. 21.— 
* CaATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 
1852, p. 41, pl. vu, fig. 3..—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, II. Conch., 
1858, pl. x vil, figs. 3, 83a, 3b.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvi, fig. 
71.—B. H.Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Parr, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 150. 

* Margarita (Unio) decisus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 18. 

*Margaron (Unio) decisus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. 

* Unio scalenius Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. 

t* Unio anaticulus Lm, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 40; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
1862, p.92, pl. xu, fig. 240; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 96, pl. xm, fig. 240.— 
*SoweERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxvu, fig. 199.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* Pater, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144. 

*Margaron (Unio) anaticulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. 

*Unio consanguineus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1861, p.60; *J1l. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 67, pl. vu, fig. 217; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 71, pl. vu, fig. 217.— 
*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxvin, fig. 409.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

*Margaron (Unio) consanguineus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. 


1 This figure is probably that of U. decisus. That on plate vu, which he refers to 
that species, is most likely Lea’s ravenelianus. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 153 


t* Unio crebrivittatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1861, p.60; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 43, pl. xv, fig. 41; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 47, pl. xv, fig. 41,.— 
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) crebrivittatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 40. 

*? Unio medius REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvul, fig. 77. 


Alabama and Tombigbee river systems. 


+ PLEUROBEMA CHATTANOOGAENSIS Lea. 


*Unio chattanoogaensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 166; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 209, pl. xxv, fig. 90; * Obs., VII, 1859, p. 27, pl. xxv, fig. 
90.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1864, pl. x v1, fig. 69.—B. H. WricuT, Check 
List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

* Margaron (Unio) chattanoogaensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40.! 


Alabama River system. 


+ PLEUROBEMA INTERVENTUS Lea. 


* Unio interventus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 60; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 84, pl. x1, fig. 233; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 88, pl. x1, fig. 233.— 
*B. WH. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156. 

*Margaron (Unio) interventus LEA, Syn., 1879, p. 40. 

t* Unio pallidofulvus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 60; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 83, pl. x1, fig. 332; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 87, pl. x1, fig. 232.— 
*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) pallidofulvus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. 


Cahawba River, Alabama. 
+PLEUROBEMA MURRAYENSIS Lea. 


*Unio murrayensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1868, p. 143; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 303, pl. xuvi, fig. 115; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 62, pl. xLv1, 
fig. 115.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) murrayensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. 


Coosa River system; Columbus, Georgia? 
(Group of Plewrobema curta.) 


Shell elongate triangular, truncated in front, rounded on the base 
where it is quite full behind the middle, with a low posterior ridge, the 
space between the middle of the disk and the ridge flattened or some- 
times slightly excavated, rather sharply pointed behind; umbonal 
region very prominent; beaks well forward; beak scuipture not ob- 
served; epidermis rather smooth, brownish olive; pseudocardinals dis- 
tinet, triangular, radiate; laterals heavy, slightly curved; cicatrices 
small and deep; nacre iridescent posteriorly. Animal with the gills 
large, semicircular, the outer slightly larger than the inner, which are 
free nearly their whole length from the abdominal sac; marsupium 
occupying the entire length of the outer gills. 


‘Probably did not come from Chattanooga, Tennessee, as Dr. Lea believes, but 
from some of the streams of northern Georgia or Alabama, which drain southward. 
According to Hon. T. H. Aldrich, the animal of this and allied species is a brilliant 
scarlet. 


_Proe. N. M. vol. xxii 48 


154 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


tPLEUROBEMA CURTA Lea. 


* Unio curtus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 112; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 103, pl. xvi, fig. 253; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 107, pl. xvu, fig. 256.— 
*B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) curtus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. 


Tombigbee River, Columbus, Mississippi. 
(Group of Plewrobema troscheliana.) 


Shell rather small, solid, rounded-triangular, inflated, somewhat 
inequilateral, slightly pointed near the posterior base, and rounded 
angular at the hinder end of the ligament; base of the shell almostevenly 
rounded; posterior ridge low; beaks high and slightly curved inward 
and forward over a well-defined lunule; epidermis dull tawny, showing 
the rest periods and occasionally marked with a radiating row of dark 
green, squarish spots in front of the posterior ridge; hinge plate wide 
and flat; pseudocardinals small, triangular, rough; laterals short, 
curved; muscle scars small, rather deep. Animal with semicircular 
gills, the inner the larger and free from the abdominal sac half to 
nearly their whole length; ovisacs of outer gills apparently in pairs. 


t PLEUROBEMA TAITIANA Lea. 


*Unio taitianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 39, pl. Iv, fig. 11; *Obs., I, 
1834, p. 151, pl. 1v, fig. 11.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* HaNLry, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 186; * Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 186, pl. xx111, fig. 26.—* Con- 
RAD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.— *H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.— *B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Parry, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 169. 

* Margarita (Unio) taitianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 18. 

*Margaron (Unio) taitianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. 


Alabama River. 
+ PLEUROBEMA COR Conrad. 


* Unio mytilloides CONRAD, Am. JI. Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 343, pl. 1, fig. 7.! 

* Unio cor CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 28, pl. 111, fig. 3, p. 68.—* FERUSSAC, 
Guerin Mag., 1835, p. 29.—*M6LLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 202.—* HANLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 187; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 187.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist 


1Conrad says this is between Unio ellipsis Lea and mytilloides Rafinesque, but that 
he has no doubt that it is the latter. It is certainly very different from the shell 
Rafinesque figures and describes as Pleurobema mytilloides. (Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. 
Brux., XIII, 1820, p. 313, pl. Lxxxur, figs. 8-10.) Conrad’s Unio cor was published in 
May, 1834, and his mytilloides in January of the same year, so that the latter has 
priority, but as Rafinesque’s name was placed under the genus Pleurobema, and as I 
place Conrad’s species, which is an entirely different thing, in the same genus, the 
name mytilloides can not be used for it, and it must therefore take the next name 
proposed, which is Conrad’s cor. 

Dr. Lea admits Rafinesque’s mytilloides with doubt, and in his collection places 
under that name specimens which I regard asa rather elongated Quadrula pyramidata. 
Rafinesque’s figure represents an elongated shell, almost absolutely straight on the 
dorsal line, and with the beaks carried far in front of the rest of the shell. I have 
never seen any thing which at all agrees with it. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 755 


ser., III, 1845, p. 16, pl. 111, fig. 2.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 
57.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—* H. and A. ADams, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* B. H.Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* Parr, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149. 

*Margarita (Unio) cor LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 18. 

*Margaron (Unio) cor LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 39. 

t*Unio crapulus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 42, pl. xv, fig. 40; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 46, pl. xv, fig. 
40.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) crapulus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 41. 

t*Unio lewisii Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.40; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 71, pl. vir, fig. 220; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 75, pl. vim, fig. 220.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) lewisiti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 56. 


_ Alabama River system; Flint River, Georgia. 


+ PLEUROBEMA PEROVATA Conrad. 


*Unio perovatus CONRAD, Am. JI. of Sci., XXV, 1834, p. 338, pl. L, fig. 3; *? New 
F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 47, pl. 11, fig. 3..—FERuUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29— 
* MOLLER, Syn. Noy. Geu., 1836, p. 199; * Test. Moll., 1842, p. 190.—*Hantry, 
Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 190.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 22, pl. 1, 
fig. 3.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—*H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888, 

*Margarita (Unio) perovatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 23; 1838, p. 19. 

Margaron (Unio) perovatus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. 


Prairie Creek (tributary of the Tombigbee), Marengo County, 
Alabama. 
+PLEUROBEMA NUCLEOPSIS Conrad. 


Unio nucleopsis CONRAD, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., IV, 1849, p. 301;2 *Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1849, p. 154; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1850, p. 276, pl. 
XXXvuI, fig. 81.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.— 
* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 217, pl. LX x11, fig. 3.—* REEVE, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xvi, fig. 68.—*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.— 
* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 161. 

*Margarita ( Unio) nucleopsis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. 


Coosa River system. 
+ PLEUROBEMA STABILIS Lea. 


*Unio stabilis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 59; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 71, pl. vim, fig. 221;-* Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 75, pl. vu, fig. 221.— 
*B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) stabilis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. 

tUnio medius Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 40; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 

PN; Ase p.18, plex) fies 227-30 Obs, VIII. 1862) pe $2. plix ip. 227.— = Sows 
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxx111, fig. 375.—* B. H. Wricut, Check 
List, 1888.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 

Margaron (Unio) medius LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. 


Coosa River, Alabama. 


1'This figure differs a good deal from that in the American Journal of Science, and 
it may be taken from a younger, less inflated shell. 

?Very close to P.irrasa, and it may be that when a sufficient amount of material 
is examined the two will have to be placed together. 


156. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. - 


} PLEUROBEMA TROSCHELIANA Lea. 


* Unio troschelianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 280, pl. x xu, fig. 39; *Obs., 

V, 1852, p. 36, pl. xxiu, fig. 39.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 496.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 170. 


* Margaron (Unio) troschelianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. 
Alabama River system. 
PLEUROBEMA IRRASA Lea. 


* Unio irrasus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila,, V, 1861, p. 38; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 91, pl. x11, fig. 239; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p.95, pl. x11, fig. 239.— 
*B. H. WriGuT, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) irrasus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. 


Coosa River system. 


+ PLEUROBEMA ALTA Conrad. 


*Unio altus CONRAD, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1854, p. 298, pl. xxvii, fig. 5.— 

*B. H. Wriacut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron( Unio) altus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. 

t * Unio fibuloides Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 154; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 219, pl. xxvii, fig. 100; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 37, pl. 
xxvill, fig. 100.—* SowErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. x1, fig. 223.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—-* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 

Margaron (Unio) fibuloides Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 56. 


Connasauga River, Georgia. 


+ PLEUROBEMA HARTMANIANA Lea. 


*Unio hartmanianus Lm, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 307; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., V, 1862, p: 73, pl. vim, fig. 222; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 77, pl. vim, 
fig. 222.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. ; 

*Margaron (Unio) hartmanianus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 38. 

Coosa ttiver, Alabama. 
Dr. Lea has shells in his collection from the Clinch River which he 
places with this species, which I am certain belong to the Clava group. 


+t PLEUROBEMA INSTRUCTA Lea. 


* Unio instructus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.59; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 82, pl. x, fig. 230; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 86, pl. x, fig. 230.—* B. H. 
WriGcut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) instructus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 38. 


Cahawba River, Alabama. 
(Group of Pleurobema showalterii.) 


Shell small, rounded triangular, inflated, slightly truncated ante- 
riorly, posterior end arched and ending in a bluntly rounded point at 
the post base, posterior ridge well defined; umbonal region full; beaks 
rather prominent, the sculpture not observed; epidermis brown, not 
rayed; hinge plate rather wide; pseudocardinals small, triangular, 


NO. 1208. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. ont 


radial, roughened; laterals short, heavy, nacre white, brilliantly irides 
cent posteriorly; beak cavities shallow. 

Animal apparently having ovisacs in pairs which are slightly wavy 
and lirate at the base; gills rather large, semicircular, inner much the 
larger, partly free from the abdominal sac; mantle thin, thickened at 
edge, and bordered with a dark line.’ 


tPLEUROBEMA SHOWALTERII Lea. 


* Unio showalterii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 307; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 73, pl. vii, fig. 223; Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 77, pl. vit, fig. 223.— 
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxx1, fig. 426.—* B. H. Wriaurt, 
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p.167. 

* Margaron (Unio) showalterii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55. 


Coosa River, Alabama. 
(Group of Pleurobema nux.) 


Shell oval, inflated, moderately solid, with a low posterior ridge, 
swollen at the post-basal part; posterior end pointed at the termi- 
nation of the posterior ridge; beaks full, rather high, considerably 
removed from the anterior end; epidermis pale to dark brown, rest 
lines very distinct; pseudocardinals small, stumpy, radiate, rough, 
laterals straight; nacre brilliantly iridescent posteriorly; front part of 
shell heavy, suddenly becoming thinner behind. 

Animal unknown. 


+t PLEUROBEMA VERA Lea. 


“Unio verus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1860, p.140; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 
1862, p. 83, pl. x1, fig. 231; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 87, pl. x1, fig. 231.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) verus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. 


Black Warrior and Cahawba rivers, Alabama. 


+tPLEUROBEMA HAGLERI Frierson. 
“Unio (Pleurobema) hagleri FRIERSON, Nautilus, XIII, 1900, p. 109, pl. 11. 
North River, Alabama, near Tyner. 


tPLEUROBEMA RUBELLA Conrad. 


“Unio rubellus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 38, pl. v1, fig. 2, p. 71.—*FERUs- 
SAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—*MGLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 205.—*Han- 
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 201; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 201.—*CHENU, Bib. Conch., 
Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 20, pl. 1, fig. 2.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, 
p. 63.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—*H. and A. ADAMs, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—*P «TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166. 


'The single species which I place in this group is quite variable. Some specimens 
approach Quadrula solida and trigona in general shape, while others are more like 
! leurobema irrasa and troscheliana. I judge from the character of the gills that the 
iarsupium is confined to the outer pair. 


T58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


* Margarita (Unio) rubellus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1888, p. 28. 

*Margaron (Unio) rubellus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 34; 1870, p. 55. 

t * Unio rudis CONRAD, } Monog., No. 9, 1837, p. 76, pl. xLu1, fig. 1.—*B. H. WRiGuHT, 
Check List, 1888. 

t* Unio pulvinulus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
X, 1848, p. 81, pl. vu, fig. 24; * Obs., [V, 1848, p. 55, pl. vu, fig. 24.—* CoNRAD, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 495.—* B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEeL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 164. 

*Margaron (Unio) pulvinulus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 41. 


Black Warrior and Cahawba rivers, Alabama. 


t PLEUROBEMA FURVA Conrad.? 


*Unio furvus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 39, pl. vi, fig. 3, page 69.— 
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 205.— 
* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 20, pl. 11, fig. 4.—*ConraD, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 


Black Warrior River, Alabama. 


t PLEUROBEMA AVELLANA Simpson. 


* Pleurobema avellana SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 81, pl. 11, figs. 6, 7. 
Cahawba River, Alabama. 


+ PLEUROBEMA NUX Lea. 


* Unio nux Lma, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 283, pl. xxiv, fig.43; * Obs. V, 1852, 
p. 39, pl. xxtv, fig. 43.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.— 
*B.H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890,p. 161. 

* Margaron (Unio) nux LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49. 

t Unio cinnamomicus Lna, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 100, pl. xvi, fig. 248; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 104, pl. xvi, fig. 
248.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxxuu, fig. 438.—* B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) cinnamomicus LKa, Syn., 1870, p. 49. 


Alabama River system. 


+PLEUROBEMA PINKSTONI S. H. Wright. 


* Unio pinkstoni 8. H. WRIGHT, Nautilus, X, 1897, p. 136. 
* Pleurobema pinkstoni SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 81, pl. 1, fig. 8. 


Alabama River system. 


1Conrad says that U. ravenelianus of Lea is the same as his U. rudus, which, accord- 
ing to Ravenel, is found in the French Broad River, though Conrad obtained his 
species in the Black Warrior. The species of Conrad is, however, quite distinct from 
that of Lea, the two never occurring in the same drainage system. 

2T have seen what I believe are specimens of this species from the collections of 
the Hon. T. H. Aldrich and Mr. Bryant Walker, taken from the Black Warrior 
River, Alabama, but I think it not improbable that it may run into P. rubella. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 159 


+PLEUROBEMA JOHANNIS Lea. 


* Unio johannis Lima, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., IIT, 1859, p.171; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 340, pl. LV, fig. 168; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 25, pl. LV, fig. 168.—* B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) johannis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 41. 


Alabama River system. 


+ PLEUROBEMA HANLEYANA Lea. 


* Unio hanleyanus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil’ Soc., X, 1852, p. 279, pl. xx, fig. 37; *Obs., 
V, 1852, p. 35, pl. xxi, fig. 37.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 495.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xv, fig. 76.\—* SowERBy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLv1, fig. 249.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 
1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154. 

*Margaron (Unio) hanleyanus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. 


Coosa River drainage, Georgia and Alabama. 


tPLEUROBEMA FLAVIDULUS Lea. 


* Unio flavidulus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 97, pl. xv, fig. 245; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 101, pl. xv, fig. 245.—* B. 
H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) flavidulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. 


Columbus, Mississippi. 
(Group of Plewrobema bulbosa.) 


Shell elongate oval, solid, inflated, with a high posterior ridge, ending 
in a point behind, above which it is feebly wrinkled; beaks full, seulpture 
not seen; epidermis smooth, dark, rayless; hinge strong; pseudocar- 
dinals heavy, torn, sometimes a small third one in the left valve; later- 
als heavy, club-shaped, granulate, two in the left valve and one and a 
small secondary lateral in the right. Animal unknown. 


+ PLEUROBEMA BULBOSA Lea. 


* Unio bulbosus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 172; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1859, p. 191, pl. xx1, fig. 75; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 9, pl. x x1, fig. 75.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. : 

* Margaron (Unio) bulbosus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 40. 


Ocmulgee and Flint rivers, Georgia. 
+PLEUROBEMA HARPERI B. H. Wright. 


*Unio harpert B. H. WRiGuHT, Naut., XIII, 1899, p. 6. 
* Pleurobema harperi Stmpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 81, pl. 1, fig. 10. 


Altamaha and Flint rivers, Georgia; Suwanee River, Florida.’ 


1Reeve states in his errata that this is not Unio hanleyanus. The figure agrees 
fairly well with the type of that species. 
2This may prove to be a variety of P. bulbosa. 


760 _ PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXU. 


+PLEUROBEMA RECLUSA B. H. Wright. 


“ Unio reclusus B. H. Wricut, Naut., XI, 1898, p. 3. 
* Pleurobema reclusa Stmpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 82, pl. 1, fig. 2. 


Ocklocknee River, Leon County, Florida. 
(Group of Plewrobema brumbyana.) 


Shell oval, inflated, moderately solid, faintly swollen at post basal 
region; beaks rather prominent, somewhat distant from the anterior 
end; beak sculpture not seen; disks irregularly, concentrically sculp- 
tured; epidermis dark olive to blackish, striate; pseudocardinals sub- 
radiate, slightly compressed; beak cavities shallow; nacre iridescent 
posteriorly, somewhat thickened in front. 


+t PLEUROBEMA BRUMBYANA Lea. 


* Unio brumléyanus LEA,’ Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 82. 

* Unio brumbyanus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 246, pl. xxv1, fig. 62; 
* Obs., III, 1842, p. 83, pl. xxvi, fig. 62.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* B. 
H. WriGcut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 146. 

* Margaron (Unio) brumbyanus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49. 

t * Unio concolor LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.40; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 89, pl. x1, fig. 237; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 93, pl. xt, fig. 237.— 
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxx11, fig. 440.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1870, p. 148. 

* Margaron (Unio) concolor LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 49. 


Alabama River system. 


(Group of Pleurobema argentea.) 


Shell solid, oval to rhomboid, generally compressed, beaks high but 
not inflated, well removed from the anterior end, with strong, irregular 
sculpture, which is curved up and swollen behind where the bars are 

slightly looped; epidermis brownish to straw color, sometimes having 
a few broken, blotched rays; teeth strong; cicatrices deep and distinct. 
Animal unknown.’ 


+ PLEUROBEMA SIMULANS Lea. 


*Unio simulans Lea, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 190; *Jl. Acad. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 18, pl. v, fig. 15; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 22, pl. v, fig. 15.— 
~B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 
Black Warrior and Cahawba rivers, Alabama; Pine Barren Creek, 
Escambia County, Florida. 


180 written in Proceedings; no doubt a typographical error, as the species was 
“named after Brumby. 

2The species placed here are puzzling and seem to stand between Unio and 
Pleurobema. The color and the beak sculpture incline me to place them with the 
latter, and some of the species seem to show relationship with such forms as P. 
pudica and bigbyana. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. T61 


+PLEUROBEMA STRODEANA B. H. Wright. 


*Unio strodeanus B. H. WRIGHT, Nautilus, XII, 1898, p. 5. 
*Pleurobema strodeana SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1900, p. 81, pl.1, fig. 3. 


Escambia River, Florida; Flint River, Rhoadsville, Georgia. 
+ PLEUROBEMA PATSALIGENSIS Simpson 
*Pleurobema patsaligensis Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p.82, pl. 1, fig. 1. 


Little Patsaliga Creek, southeast Alabama. 


+ PLEUROBEMA FAVOSA Lea. 


“Unio favosus LEA, Proc. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; * Jl. Acad. N. Sei. 
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 58, pl. vi, fig. 40; * Obs., VI, p. 58, pl. vim, fig. 40.—* Sow- 
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc, fig. 488.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 
1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. 

*Margaron (Unio) favosus LBA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. 


Alabama River system. 
+ UNIO LENTICULARIS Lea. 


* Unio lenticularis LEA, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p 155; * Jl. Acad. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 30, pl. 1x, fig. 27; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 34, pl. 1x, fig. 27.— 
*B.H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 


Tellico River, Monroe County, Tennessee; Hast Tennessee. 


| PLEUROBEMA MEREDITHII Lea. 


*Unio meredithit Lea, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p.40; *J1. Acad. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p.65, pl. v1, fig. 214; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 69, pl. v, fig. 214.— 
*B.H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTrEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159. 

*Margaron (Unio) meredithit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. 


Tennessee River system; Black Warrior River, Alabama. 


+ PLEUROBEMA LITA Lea. 


“Unio litus Lra, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 189; *Jl. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 17, pl. v, fig. 13; * Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 21, pl. v, fig. 13.—* B. 
H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 


Cahawba and Black Warrior rivers, Alabama. 


PLEUROBEMA GEORGIANA Lea. 


*Unio georgianus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 31;! *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
VIII, 1842, p. 235, pl. xx1, fig. 49; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 73, pl. xx1, fig. 49.— 
* CONRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CuENu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xx x11, figs. 3, 3a, 
3b).—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PasrreL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 153. 

*Margaron ( Unio) georgianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 42. 


Stump Creek, northwest Georgia. 


'I have only seen a single specimen of this, the type, in bad condition, and I can 
not be certain where it belongs. 


762 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+t PLEUROBEMA PYRIFORMIS Lea. 


*Unio pyriformis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 31; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1858, p. 69, pl. xu, fig.50; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 69, pl. x11, fig. 50.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) pyriformis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 40. 


Near Columbus, Georgia. 


+ PLEUROBEMA MODICA Lea. 


*Unio modicus LEA, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1857, p. 171; * Jl. Acad. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 204, pl. xxiv, fig. 86; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 22, pl. xxtv, 
fig. 86.—* B. H. Wricut, Check J.ist, 1888. 


*Margaron (Unio) modicus Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 40. 
Chattahoochee River, Georgia. . 


+t PLEUROBEMA STRIATA Lea. 


*Unio striatus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 287; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1843, p. 203, pl. x11, fig. 16; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 41, pl. x11, fig. 16.—* ConraD, 
Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ApAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 496.—* CuENu, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx1x, figs.1, la, 1b.—* B. H. 
WriGHT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) striatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. 


Chattahoochee River, Georgia. 
+ PLEUROBEMA GIBBER Lea. 


* Unio gibber Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soe., VI, 1838, p- 34, pl. x, fig. 30; *Obs., IT, 1838, p. 
35, pl. x, fig. 830.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fur Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 236.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 185; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185, pl. xx1, fig. 46.— 
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—* CoNRaD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 495.— 
*CHENU, III. Conch., 1858, pl. xx111, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1866, pl. xt, fig. 219.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margarita (Unio) gibber LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17. 

*Margaron (Unio) gibber LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. 


Caney Fork, Tennessee. 
+PLEUROBEMA FASSINANS Lea. 


* Unio fassinans LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 143; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1869, p. 305, pl. xivut, fig. 118; *Obs., XII, p. 65, pl. xLvu, fig. 118.—* B. 
H. WrieutT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) fassinans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. 


+PLEUROBEMA FASSINANS var. RHOMBOIDEA Simpson.! 


Upper Tennessee River drainage. 


1A form of what I consider fassinans is abundant in the Clinch River, in western 
Virginia, which is considerably more rhomboid than the type and may be called var. 
rhomboidea. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 763 


+ PLEUROBEMA ARGENTEA Lea. 


*Unio argenteus Lua, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p.82; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc.. VIII, 
1843, p. 242, pl. xxv, fig.57; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 80, pl. xxv, fig. 57.—* ConraD, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* CHENU, III. Conch., 1858, pl. xx xin, 
figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—H. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., IH, 1857, p. 495.—* KusTEr, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 188, pl. Lrx, fig. 4; 1861, p. 225, pl. LxxvI1, fig. 3.— 
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Xxxvu, fig. 204.—* B. H. Wricurt, 
Check List, 1888.—* P«TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145. 

*Margaron (Unio) argenteus LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 26; 1870, p. 40. 


Upper Tennessee River drainage. 


+ PLEUROBEMA ARGENTEA var. PANNOSA Simpson. 


* Pleurobema argentea pannosa Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 82. 


A solid, somewhat inflated, roughened form from Hot Springs, Arkan- 
sas, may be designated as above. Probably a valid species. 


+t PLEUROBEMA CONASAUGZENSIS Lea. 


*Unio conasaugensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 155.—*J1. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 33, pl. x, fig.30; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 37, pl. x, fig. 30.— 
*B. H. WRiGHT, Check List, 1888. 


Upper Tennessee River drainage. 


t PLEUROBEMA BREVIS Lea. 


*Unio brevis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 157; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 35, pl. xu, fig. 32; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 39, pl. xu, fig. 32.— 
*B. H. WricutT, Check List, 1888. 


Tennessee River system; Hardy, Arkansas. 


+PLEUROBEMA BREVIS var. SUBILLIPTICA Simpson. 
* Pleurobema brevis subilliptica SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 80. 


A solid, inflated form from Hardy, Arkansas, may bear this name. 
It is probably a distinct species. 


+ PLEUROBEMA PLANIOR Lea. 


*Unio planior Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 145; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 316, pl. L, fig. 129; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 76, pl. L, fig. 129.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) planior LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. 


Upper Tennessee River drainage. 


+ PLEUROBEMA ESTABROOKIANA Lea. 


* Unio estabrookianus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. 
Soc., X, 1853, p. 77, pl. v1, fig: 17; * Obs., IV, 1848, p.51, pl. vi, fig. 77.— 
*CoNRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron ( Unio) estabrookianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 35. 

*Unio estabrokianus PHrTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 


764 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


*Unio striatissimus ANTHONY, Am. J]. Conch., I, p. 156, 1865, pl. xu, fig. 1.— 
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxv1, fig. 460.--*PamTEL, Conch, 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 


Upper Tennessee River drainage. 


Section PLETHOBASUS Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio wsopus Green.) 


Shell large, irregularly oval, inflated, solid, somewhat suddenly swollen 
at the posterior base; posterior ridge low and rounded; beaks rather 
high near the anterior end, having a few strong ridges which are 
curved upward behind; a row of low, irregular tubercles extends from 
near the beaks to the post basal part of the valves; epidermis tawny 
brown in the younger shell, becoming darker with age; hinge plate 
solid, not flattened; pseudocardinals triangular, rough; cavity of the 
beaks not deep; front part of the shell very heavy; hinder part much 
thinner. 

Animal having the mantle somewhat toothed posteriorly; branchial 
and anal openings large, the latter smooth or with very faint papille; 
inner gills the larger, rounded below, free nearly or quite their whole 
length from the abdominal sac; marsupium occupying the entire outer 
gills.' 


+ PLEUROBEMA ASOPUS Green. 


*Unio asopus GREEN, Cont. Mac. Lyceum, I, No, 2, 1827, p. 46, fig. 3.—* HANLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 181; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 181, pl. xxiv, fig. 7.—* Cat- 
LOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 551.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., I, 1857, p. 496.—* CALKINS, Proc. Ottawa Acad. N. Sci., 1874, p. 41.— 
*CaLL, J]. Cinti. Soc. N. H., XVIII, 1896, p. 157, pl. v1. 

* Margarita (Unio) wsopus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 17; 1838, p. 16. 

* Margaron (Unio) wsopus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 34. 

*Unio cyphia CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p 68.—*FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 
1835, p. 27. 

*Unio cyphius Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1853, p. 248.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. v111, fig. 28. 


* Unio cyphias var. wsopus PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 
* Unio scyphius KUSTER, Conch, Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 181, pl. Lv11, fig. 2. 


Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; west to Missouri 
and Minnesota; Alabama River, according to Call. 


1T am not positive as to the generic position of the two following species, but I am 
inclined to place them in Pleurobema. No other living species of this genus has any 
development of tubercles, but a great number of fossil forms from the Tertiary of 
eastern Europe which seem to be most like Pleurotema are decidedly pustulous. 
The heavy, inflated, high beaks and the comparatively shallow beak cavities are 
characters found in all the species of this genus. In the single gravid specimen I 
examined (one out of a large number from different localities) the outer gills were 
not filled very full of ova, though they were found throughout their extent, while 
the most careful search did not disclose any in the inner gills. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 165 


+ PLEUROBEMA CICATRICOSA Say. 


“Unio varicosus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1V, 1829, p. 90, pl. x1, fig. 20;! * Obs., I, 
1834, p. 100, pl. x1, fig. 20.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 181; * Biv. Shells, 
1843, p. 181, pl. x x1, fig. 14.—*CatTLaw and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—*CHENu, II]. Conch., 
1858, pl. x1, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margarita (Unio) varicosus Lra, Syn., 1836, p.17; 1838, p. 16. 

* Margaron ( Unio) varicosus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 34. 

* Unio cicatricosus Say, N. Harmony Diss., II, No. 19, 1829, p. 292—*Say, Am. 
Conch., VI, 1834.—* FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—*L. W. Say, Terr. 
and Fluv. Shells, 1840, p. 5.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 
246.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 185, pl. Lv, fig. 2.—* REEVE, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. vii, fig. 31; xu, fig. 50.—*B. H. Wrieut, 
Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

* Unio cicatricosus var. varicosus P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 


Ohio River; Tennessee; Claiborne, Alabama. The last locality I con- 
sider doubtful. Lea gives St. Paul, Minnesota, as a habitat, but I do 
not think it possibly can be. 

The following species are described by Rafinesque, but I am unable 
to make them out. 

* Pleurobema mytiloides RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 313, pl. 


LXxxUl, figs. 8-10. 
*Pleurobema cuneata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 313. 


TETRAGENE2. 


Male and female shells alike, solid; beak sculpture consisting of 
coarse, Subparallel ridges; beak cavities deep; marsupium filling all 
four gills, smooth, pad-like. 


Genus QUADRULA (Rafinesque, 1820) Agassiz. 


(Type, Quadrula metanevra Rafinesque. ) 


Quadrula RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 1820, p. 305. 

Kotundaria AGassiz, Arch. fiir Naturg, 1852, p. 48. 

Orthonymus AGassiz, Arch. fiir Naturg, 1852, p. 48. 

Shell triangular, quadrate or rhomboid, solid, inflated, with rather 
prominent beaks, which are generally sculptured with a few coarse, 
irregular, subparallel ridges that are inflated where they cross the 
posterior ridge; posterior ridge ordinarily well developed; base often 
incurved in old specimens; disks sculptured or smooth; epidermis 
usually dull colored, dark and rayless, or feebly rayed; hinge plate 


'T change Lea’s name because Lamarck previously applied the name Unio varicosa 
to what is, no doubt, Alasmidonta marginata. Mr. T. G. Lea, of Cincinnati, took 
many specimens of this species, the shells of which he sent to Dr. Lea, and in several 
of them he has written in pencil “(not charged” or ‘ovaries charged,” with the 
date, but neither of them seems to have described the animal. I am somewhat ata 
loss to know where to place this curious form. The young are much like those of 
Quadrula solida, and do not show the swellings until the third or fourth year, and 
occasionally the adult shell is nearly smooth, 


7166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


heavy, wide, flattened; pseudocardinals solid, direct, ragged; laterals 
double in the left and single in the right alee, often with a small 
secondary lateral below the large one in the right valve; cavity of the 
beaks deep and compressed; dorsal scars under the hinge plate; male 
and female shells alike. 

Animal having the inner gills the lereer! generally se from the 
abdominal sac the greater part or all of their length; marsupium 
occupying all four of the gills throughout, the whole Seno ola and pad- 
like. 

Section CRENODONTA Schluter.1 


(Type, Unio plicatus Say.) 


Shell more or less alate; beaks prominent; the surface of the valves 
usually sculptured with oblique folds; posterior slope generally having 
smaller radial plications which curve upward behind; epidermis brown- 
ish or blackish; anterior muscle scars large, distinct, very shallow, 
the anterior edge smooth, the rest apparently filled with roughened 
Shelly matter; posterior scars large, shallow, indistinct; escutcheon 
large and dark. 

Animal with the gills generally large, rounded below; inner the 
larger, usually free nearly or quite the entire length of the abdominal 
sac,” the two pairs united to the mantle nearly but not quite to the 
posterior end, having a small portion free; marsupium occupying all 
the four eens hea forming very heavy, thick a labial palpi usually 
large. 


(Group of Quadrula plicata.) 
Shell rounded to subrhomboid; plications usually strong, oblique, 


though in occasional specimens the surface may be perfectly plane or 
slightly concentrically sculptured. 


'Schliiter applied the name Crenodonta (Verz. meiner Conch., 1836, p. 33) to a group 
of Unionidz, the first species of which was the Unio plicatus of Say, but he gave no 
description of his group and did not designate a type. In 1853 Mérch (Yoldi cata- 
logue, p. 45) used this name without a description or a type, and it has been applied 
to the plicate Uniones by von Martens (Biologia Centrali-Americana, Mollusca, 
1900, p. 479). 

2Dr. Lea found in Quadrula multiplicata the inner gills generally nearly or entirely 
free, but in certain specimens they were wholly united. My own experience in exam- 
ining the animals of this species exactly coincides with his, thus showing that the 
character of the union of the inner gills with the abdominal sac, or their separation 
from it, is not a generic character, as Agassiz believed, nor is it even of specific value. 
Although I have examined thousands of animals belonging to the Plicata group 
of the genus Quadrula, taken at various seasons and throughout almost the entire 
range of the assemblage and of nearly all the species, I have never seen a speci- 
men with ova or embryos in the gills save one in the alcoholic collection of Dr. Lea 
in the Academy of Natural Sciences at Philadelphia. Other students of the Union- 
ide have found these species equally barren. It is probable that they breed only at 
long intervals but in enormous numbers, a supposition strengthened by the fact that 
Dr. Lea found about 6,000,000 young in the gills of a single Unio multiplicatus. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 167 


tQUADRULA PLICATA Say. 


* Unio plicata Say,' Nich. Encye., II, 1816, pl. 11, fig. 1. 

*Unio (Theliderma) plicata SwAInson, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 271, fig. 54e. 

*Mya plicata Eaton, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 219. 

*Quadrula plicata BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, pl. xxv, fig. 1. 

*Unio plicatus HitpreTH (?), Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 280.°—SHor?’ and 
Eaton, Transylvania J]., 1831, p. 74.—*Conrap, New F. W. Shells, 1834, 
p. 71.—* Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—*FERussAc, Guer. Mag., 1835,p. 27.— 
*“HANLEY, Test. Moll, 1842, p. 175; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p.175, pl. xx, fig. 
21.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* KusrEr, Conch. 
Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 187, pl. xu, fig. 3.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 498.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 11, fig. 5.—* B. H. 
Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 163. 

*Margarita (Unio) plicatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 12; 1838, p. 14. 

*Margaron (Unio) plicatus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 30. 

*Plectomerus plicatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261. 

*Unio peruviana LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 71.°—* DESHAYEs, An. sans 
Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 533; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 667. 

*Unio crassus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 118. 

*Unio rariplicata DESHAYES, Enc. Méth., II, 1830, p. 578; *An.sans Vert., 2d ed., 
VI, 1835, p. 533; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 667. 

*Unio giganteus LEA, Obs., II, 1838, p. 35.4 

*Unio heros KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 136, pl. x1, figs. 1, 2. 


+ UNIO PLICATA var. HIPPOPAEA Lea. 


“Unio hippopeus LEA,’ Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 163; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
X, 1848, p. 67, pl. 1, fig. 1; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 41, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 
251, pl. LXXxIv, fig. 3.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x1, fig. 40.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) hippopeus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 31. 

* Unio hippopwus Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 


Upper Mississippi drainage area south to the Tennessee and Arkansas 
rivers; Red River of the North; Saskatchewan River; Lake Winni- 
peg; western Michigan. The variety in eastern Michigan and Lake 
Erie. 

+QUADRULA PERPLICATA Conrad. 


“Unio perplicatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1841, p. 19; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila, Ville 18425 ys Wiese 1850, 9p. 216) ple XXexavl. fig 2. He and “A 


1Say says: ‘It was found by Mr. Lesueur in Lake Erie, and was communicated by 
him under the above name.” As there is no evidence that Lesueur described the 
species, and as Say was the one to first properly characterize it, I believe that he 
must be credited with it. 

Referred to figure 5, but this with a number of other figures in this paper were 
left out by the editor. 

> Lea, who examined Lamarck’s types and collection, states that this is the same as 
Say’s plicata. 

‘Dr. Lea does not describe this, but only states that it is in Dr. Mitchell’s collec- 
tion. Probably it has never been described. 

SApparently a stunted variety of Quadrula plicata. Dr. Lea’s specimens show a 
great diversity of characters. 


768 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Hoh, EE 


Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, 
pl. 1x, fig. 35.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 163. 

*Margaron (Unio) perplicatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 29. 

*Plectomerus perplicatus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261. 

t * Unio atrocostatus Lna, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1848, p. 70, pl. 11, fig. 5;' * Obs., 
IV, 1848, p. 44, pl. ny, fig. 5.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 497.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 145. 

* Margaron (Unio) atrocostatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 29. 

t* Unio pearlensis CONRAD, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VII, 1855, p. 256.2—* REEVE, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x1, fig. 42. 

* Unio perlensis P#&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 

t* Unio brazosensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.144;3 * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 309, pl. xLviu, fig. 122; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 69, pl. xLv1mI, 
fig. 122.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) brazosensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. 

t* Unio lincecumit Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 144; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1869, p. 312, pl. xurx, fig. 125; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 72, pl. xu1x, fig. 
125.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) lincecumii LEa, Syn., 1870, p. 31. 

* Unio lincecurit P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157.4 

t* Unio pauciplicatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1872, p. 156; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 29, pl. rx, fig. 26; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 33, pl. rx, fig. 
26.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 


+QUADRULA PERPLICATA var. QUINTARDII Cragin.’ 


*Unio quintardit CRAGIN, Bull. Washb. Coilege, II, 1887, p.6.—* PILsBRY, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., 1892, p. 131, pl. vu, figs. 1-3.—* B. H.Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 


Alabama River drainage and streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico 
west to central Texas, north to southern Kansas. 


tQUADRULA ELLIOTTII Lea.® 


*Unio elliottit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 262; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila.; IV, 1858, p. 54, pl. vu, fig. 37; *Obs., VI, 1858, p. 54, pl. vu, fig. 


1This seems to be merely a form of perplicata, with a rather rude growth and 
roughened epidermis. 

2A comparatively smooth form of perplicatus, according to the type. 

3 Another smooth form of perplicatus. 

4The above is a fair sampie of Peetel’s orthography throughout his work. 

5A right valve of the type was kindly loaned to the writer by Mr. Quintard. It 
is a rather light brown, glossy shell, and is sculptured with a series of j-shaped 
markings on the disk. Otherwise it is generally like Q. perplicatus. I have seen 
the @. wndulata and one or two other species of this group break from the ordinary 
oblique bars into these peculiar markings, and I am quite sure that in this case the 
same thing has happened to Q. perplicata. 

6Dr. Lea first called this Unio atrocostatus, and then wrote in one of his duplicates 
Unio elliottii. He says that it is very near to U. perplicatus Conrad, but that the 
young of his species have a yellow stain on the posterior part of the nacre not found 
on any other species. I have, however, found it on young atrocostatus in his collec- 
tion. I am strongly inclined to believe that the elliottii is only a peculiar, vigorous 
variety of perplicata, but do not feel quite certain of it, and so let it go as a species 
with doubt, 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DES—SIMPSON. 7169 


37.—* REEVE,Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. v, fig. 20.—* B. H. Wrigut, Check 
List, 1888. 
* Margaron (Unio) elliottit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 29. 


Southern Georgia to Texas. 


+QUADRULA UNDULATA Barnes. 


*Unio undulatus BARNES, Am. J1. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 120, pl. 11.—* HILDRETH, Am. 
Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 279.—* HantEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p.175; * Biv. Shells, 
1843, p. 175, pl. xx, fig. 26.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 
65.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845, p. 24, pl. v, figs. 1, la.—* H. and 
A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, Manual, 1859, II, p. 143, 
fig. 704.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxv1, fig. 399. —* CaLk- 
Ins, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 45.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margarita (Unio) undulatus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 12; 1838, p. 14. 

*Margaron (Unio) undulatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 29. 

* Mya undulata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 219. 

*Unio undulata VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool. Anat., II, 1833, p. 229, pl. trv, 
figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* DESHAYES, Tr. Elem. Conch., 1839, p. 19, pl. xxx, figs. 8, 9. 

*Quadrula undulata BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. I, 1898, p. 82, pl. xxun, figs. 1, 2; 
IU ike I 

*Unio costatus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Conrap, New F. W. Shells, 1834, 
p. 68.—* FErussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* CONRAD, Monog., II, 1836, 
p. 17, pl. vu.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 54, pl. x1, fig. 4. —* REEVE, 
Conch. icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 1v, fig. 16. 

*Plectomerus costatus CONRAD, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260. 

*Unio plicatus KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 137, pl. xu, fig. 3.—* CHENU, 
Manual, 1859, II, p. 148, fig. 706. 

*Unio atrocostatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxvut, fig. 404. 


+ QUADRULA UNDULATA var. LATECOSTATA Lea. 


*Unio latecostatus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 163;! *Tr. Am. Phil. 
Soc., X, 1848, p. 68, pl. 1, fig. 2; * Obs., IV, 1848, p. 42, pl. 1, fig. 2.—* Kusrmr, 
Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 251, pl. Lxxxtv, fig. 4.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 
1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) laticostasus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21. 

*Margaron (Unio) laticostatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. 

*Unio laticostatus H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* P =TEL, 
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 156. 


fQUADRULA UNDULATA var. PILSBRYI Marsh. 


*Unio pilsbryi MARSH, Nautilus, V, 1891, p. 1.2—* Pitssry, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
1892, p. 131, pl. vim, figs.'7, 8; *Nautilus, VII, 1893, pl. 1, figs. 7, 8.3 


1 More compressed and having finer, more delicate plications than the type. I 
have traced it northward into Kansas, where it gradually assumes the ordinary form 
of undulata. Occasional specimens are found in the Northern States which agree 
very well with the typical latecostata. 

J feel quite sure that this is only a peculiar variety of wndulata. 

SA peculiar shell belonging to Mr. J. H. Ferriss, of Joliet, Illinois, from Lake Win- 
nipeg, has been examined by the writer. It has unusually strong growth lines and 
is quite full in the ventral region, and has only the very faintest vestiges of plica- 
tions below the lower part of the posterior ridge. J regard it as a smooth form of 
Q. undulata, and if any considerable number of such specimens were found it might 
be worthy of a varietal name. 


Proce. N. M.:vol. xxii 49 


770 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Mississippi basin generally; St. Lawrence drainage; Red River of 
the North; Lake Winnipeg; Alabama River system; SOMIUESy to west- 
ern Texas, the varieties in fie southwestern area. 


QUADRULA DIGITATA Morelet. 


*Unio digitatus MORELET, Test. Noviss., Pt. 2, 1851, p. 24.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check 
List, 1888.—* FIscHER and Cross, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 563, pl. Lx, 
fig. 1. 


Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala. 
+ QUADRULA TRIUMPHANS B. H. Wright. 


*Unio triumphans B. H. Wriaut, Nautilus, XI, 1898, p. 101. 
*Ouadrula triumphans Simpson, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1900, p. 83, ak Ill, fig 3. 


Coosa River, St. Clair County, Alabama. 


+ QUADRULA BOYKINIANA Lea. 


* Unio boykinianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
VIII, 1812, p. 208, pl. xu, fig. 22; * Obs., III, 1842, p. 46, pl. x1, fig, 22.— = 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 
1858, pl. xxvul, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 181, pl. LVI, 
ie, « SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 1, fig. 1.—*B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.--* P2&TEL, Conch! Sam., III, 1890, p. 146. 

*Margaron (Unio) boykinianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28. 

* Plectomerus boykinianus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 260. 

* Unio baykinianus Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145. 


Chattahoochee River system; Claiborne, Alabama; Pine Barren 
Creek, Escambia County, Florida. 


+t QUADRULA HEROS Say.! 


Unio heros Say, New Harm. Diss., II, No. 19, 1829, p. 291; *Am. Conch., VI, 
1834, (part).—* ConrAaD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69—*FERuSsAc, Guer. 
Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* ConraD, Monog., XII, 1840, p. 107, pl. Lrxx.—* HANLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 175; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 175, pl. xx, fig. 28.—* B. H. 
WricutT, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 

* Unio heros var. multiplicatus PaTEL, Conch, Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 

* Unio undulatus Say, Am. Conch., I, 1831, pl. xvi (April). 

t* Unio multiplicatus Lesa, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 70, pl. Iv, fig. 2 datter 
part of the year); *Obs., I, 1834, p. 80, pl. Iv, fig. 2.—* PoTIEZ and Mr- 
CHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 155, pl. L1x, fig. 1.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* CHENv, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. 1x, figs. 2, 2a, 2b; 
*Manual, 1859, II, p. 143, fig. 703.—* CaLKINS, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, 
p. 43.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888. 


1There has been some dispute as to what name should be applied to the above 
species. In 1829 Say fully described in the New Harmony Disseminator a species 
which he called Unio heros, but didnot figure it. Later in the American Conchology 
he placed it in the synonymy of Unio undulatus Barnes, though the figure which he 
gives as undulatus in that work and to which his description refers is plainly not 
Barnes’s species, but the heros described in the Disseminator. In 1831 Dr. Lea 
described Say’s species as Unio multiplicatus. Notwithstanding the fact that Say 
placed his own species in the synonymy, it is perfectly distinct and was properly 
characterized in his description, and his name will have to take the place of the bet- 
ter Known one of Dr. Lea. , 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. POT (a 


t* Margarita (Unio) multiplicatus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 12; 1838, p. 14. 

*Margaron ( Unio) multiplicatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 29. 

t * Unio eightsii Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 306; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 367, pl. LxIv, fig. 192; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 49, pl. Lx1v, fig. 192.— 
*B. H. Wriauat, Check List, 1888.—* Fiscurer and Crosse, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, 
II, 1894, p. 504. 

*Margaron (Unio) eightsit Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 29. 

* Unio eighti PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. 

*Unio atrocostatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 1v, fig. 18: (Changer in 
Errata to Unio heros.) 


Mississippi River system generally; Red River of the North; Tom- 
bigbee River, Alabama; southwest to New Leon, Mexico. 


+QUADRULA NICKLINIANA Lea. 


*Unio nicklinianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 28, pl. 1, fig. 1; *Obs., 1,1834, 
p. 140, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.175; ~ Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 
175, pl. xxi, fig. 52.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* H. 
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—*SowrErBy, Conch. Icon., 

XVI, 1866, pl. 1m, fig. 276.—*B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* FiscHER 
and Cross¥, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 565. 

* Margarita (Unio) nicklinianus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 12; 1838, p. 14. 

* Margaron (Unio) nicklinianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28. 

* Plectomerus nicklinianus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261. 

* Unio nicklianus KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 218, pl. LX XIII, fig. 3.—* PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161. 


Mexico; Guatemala. 
+QUADRULA STOLLI von Martens. 


t Unio stolli VON MARTENS, Biol. Centrali-Amer., Mollusea, 1900, p. 492, pl. xx1x, 
fig. 2. 


Rio de las Salinas, Guatemala; Moctezuma River Central America?! 
+QUADRULA NEISLERII Lea. 


*Unio neislertti Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1858, p. 165; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
TV, 1859, p. 212, pl. xxvi, fig. 93; *Obs., VII, 1859, p. 30, pl. xxv1, fig. 93.— 
*B. H. WriauT, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) neisleriti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 29. 


Flint River and Macon, Georgia. 


'Very close to Quadrula nickliniana Lea, According to von Martens in the above 
citation the Unio nickliana of Kuster (Conch. Cab. Unio, new ed., p. 218, pl. Lx x1, 
fig. 3) is not the nicklinianus of Lea, but a new species which he calls Unio stolli. I 
can not agree with him, as it seems to me that Kuster’s figure represents Lea’s 
species very well. The figure and description of U. stolli given by von Martens rep- 
resent a more elongated and more plicate shell than the typical nicklinianus of Lea, 
but Iam doubtful whether it is distinct. Lea’s shells of both forms are mostly from 
the Moctezuma River, which is in Central America according to Lea, but the only 
river of that name I can find is in New Leon, Mexico. Part of von Martens’ work 
describing the Unionidz of Central America has been received as the Synopsis is 
going through the press, and for the most part too late to avail myself of the large 
amount of valuable information it contains. 


CUD PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XX. 


(Group of Quadrula trapezoides.) 


Shell rhomboid, inflated, with a high posterior ridge; beak sculpture 
coarse, irregular corrugations swollen to nodules on the posterior ridge; 
surface sculptured on posterior half with oblique ridges, which are 
sometimes corrugated, and with strong corrugations on post slope beak 
cavities only moderately deep; nacre purple. 

Animal with the gills slightly rounded below, inner the larger 
throughout, free from the abdominal sac; palpi enormous, long; 
branchial opening very large, finely papillose; anal opening with fine 
papille or crenulations. 


+ QUADRULA TRAPEZOIDES Lea.! 


* Unio crassidens var. a, LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 71.2 

*Plectomerus crassidens var. a, CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 261. 

*Unio trapezoides Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 69, pl. 1m, fig. 1; * Obs., I, 
1834, p. 79, pl. 111, fig. 1.—* Conrap, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72 —* FER- 
ussaAc, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 176; * Biv. 
Shells, 1843, p. 176, pl. xxu1, fig. 29.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 
1815, p. 64.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* CHENU, 
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x, figs. 2, 2a, 2b; Manual, 1859, II, p. 142, fig. 699.— 
* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1862, p. 274, pl. xcu, fig. 2.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1864, pl. v, fig. 17.—*B. H. Wrigut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL 
Conch. Sam., IIi, 1890, p. 169. 

* Margarita (Unio) trapezoides LEA, Syn., 1836; p. 12; 1838, p. 14. 

* Margaron (Unio) trapezoides LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 31. 

Unio interruptus Say, Transylvania Journal, IV, 1831, p. 525; *Am. Conch., IV, 
1832, pl. xxxiu, VI, 1834.—* FeRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* DESHAYES, 
An. sans. Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 556; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 675.—* TROSCHEL, 
Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 
1845, p. 45, pl. xvii, figs. 1-3. 

*“Unio dombeyana VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool., II, 1833, p. 227, pl. L111, figs. 
iL, tka, It, 


Streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico, from the Alabama River 
west to eastern Texas; northward in the Mississippi system to north- 
west Tennessee. 


1In 1820 Rafinesque applied the name interrupta to some, to me, unknown Unio, in 
Ann. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., but as he placed his species in the subgenus Plagiola of | 
the genus Obliquaria and not in Unio at all, it does not have priority in the latter 
genus. In 1831 (December, according to Dr. Lea) Say described in the Transyl- 
vania Journal the species which Dr. Lea called Unio trapezoides as Unio interruptus. 
In the latter part of the same year (I am unable to ascertain the exact date) Dr. Lea 
published his name in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. As 
I have found it impossible to determine which name was actually published first I 
have used the better known—that of Dr. Lea. 

2This is Unio trapezoides Lea according to Lea, who examined the Lamarckian 
types. See Synopsis, 4th ed., p. 37, footnote. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 183 


Section QUADRULA (Rafinesque, 1820) Agassiz. 
(Type, Unio cylindricus Say.) 


Shell rhomboid; surface pustulous, with a high, rounded, or sharp 
posterior ridge; epidermis generally smooth and bright. 


(Group of Quadrula metanevra.) 


Shell quadrate or rhomboid, with a wide, rounded posterior ridge, 
above which, on the posterior slope is a decided radial furrow; whole 
surface except the anterior end generally pustulous, the sculpture of 
the posterior slope being often wrinkled; umbonal region high; epi- 
dermis shining, usually painted with a beautiful pattern of triangular 
spots, and sometimes chevron-shaped lines; hinge strong, the secondary 
lateral in right valve rather feeble, but there is often a faint third lat- 
eral above; cavity of the beaks deep and compressed. 

Animal with the marsupium filling all four leaves of the branchie, the 
ova giving it a purplish tint; inner gills free from the abdominal sac for 
the greater part of their length; mantle bordered with black; branchial 
opening opposite the lobe of the shell, extending well on to its base; anal 
opening without papille. 


tQUADRULA CYLINDRICA Say. 


*Unio cylindricus Say, Nich. Encyc., II, 1816, pl. 1v, fig. 3.—* H1LpretTH, Am. Jl. 
Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 283, figs. 13, 13b.—* SHorr and Eaton, Transylvania Jl., 
1831, p. 76.—* Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Conrapb, New F. W. Shells, 1834, 
p. 68.—* Ferussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, 
p. 182; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 182, pl. xx, fig. 31—*CaTLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* Kustmr, Conch. Cab. 
Unio, 1861, p. 194, pl. Lx, figs. 1, 2.—*SowerErBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, 
pl. Lx, fig. 300.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 150.—* Cau. Tr. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 15, pl. x1. 

* Margarita (Unio) cylindricus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 17; 1838, p. 16. 

* Margaron (Unio) cylindricus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 35. 

* Orthonymus cylindricus AGassiz, Arch. fiir. Naturg., I, 1852, p. 48. 

* Mya cylindrica EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 219. 

* Unio (Theliderma) cylindrica SwAINsON, Treat. on Mal., 1840, p. 271, fig. 54e. 

* Unio (Hurynia) solenoides var. cylindrica RAFINESQUE, Aun. Gen. Sci. Phys. Brux., 
V, 1820, p. 298. 

* Unio naviformis LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75.—* DESHAYES, Encye. 
Méth., II, 1830, p.580.—* VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool., II, 1833, p. 233, pl. 
Liu, fig. 4.—* DesHayYEs, An.sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p. 5387; 3d ed., II, 
1839, p. 669.—*ANTON, Verz. der. Conch., 1839, p. 14.—* REEVE, Conch. Syst., 
1841, p. 118, pl. LXxxIx, fig. 7.! 

* Unio rugosus CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 188, fig. 668. 


Entire Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; west to 
Nebraska (Aughey, doubtful); south to Arkansas and Indian Territory. 


Mr. B. H. Wright, Nautilus, XII, 1898, p, 6, has made a var. strigillatus of a com- 
pressed, very rough form of cylindrica. ‘There seems to me to be an absolute grada- 
tion from cylindrical, nearly smooth specimens to this form. 


ee PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+QUADRULA METANEVRA Rafinesque. 


* Obliquaria (Quadrula) metanevra RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, p. 
305, pl. LXxXxI, figs. 15, 16.'—* CHENU, Bib. Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 18, 
pl. u, figs. 15, 16. 

“Unio (Theliderma) metanevra SWAINSON, Treat. on Mal., 1840, p. 268, figs. 50, 546. 

*Unio metanever SHORT and Eaton, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 76.—* CoNnRaD, 
New F.W. Shells, 1834, p. 70.—* HAaNLeEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 179; * Biv. 
Shells, 1843, p. 179, pl. xx1, fig. 31.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1853, p. 252.—*REEvE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. VII, fig. 25.—* PATEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159. 

* Margarita (Unio) metanever LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1838, p. 15. 

*Unio metanevrus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* FERuSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 
27.—* ConraD, Monog., I, 1835, p. 10, pl. v, fig. 2.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. 
Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* CALKINS, Pr. Ottawa Ac. N. Sci., 1874, p. 43.— 
*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—CaLL, Tr. Acad. N. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 

1895, p. 28, pl. x. 

* Margaron (Unio) metanevrus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33. 

*Unio metaniver CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61. 

*Unio metaneurus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 50, pl. x, fig. 4.—* PaTut, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159. 

*? Unio nodosus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci. VI, 1823, p. 124, pl. v1, figs. 7, 7a, 7b.2—* HIL- 
DRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 281.—*CHENU, Manual, 1859, II, p. 138, 
fig. 663. 

* Mya nodosa EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 216. 


tQUADRULA METANEVRA var. WARDII Lea. 


*Unio wardit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p, 392; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 187, pl. xxrv, fig. 257; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 9, pl. xxiv, fig. 257.— 
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxul, fig. 434.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
‘Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172. 

*Margaron (Unio) wardit Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 33. 


Mississippi drainage area except its southern portion, extending to 
the Tennessee and Arkansas rivers. 


tQUADRULA TUBEROSA Lea. 


* Unio tuberosus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soe., VIII, 
1842, p. 210, pl. xIv, fig. 25; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 48, pl. x1v, fig. 25.—* ConrapD, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 497.—* CHENU, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxvii, figs. 7, 7a, 7b.—* B. H. © 
Wriacut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170. 

*Margaron Unio tuberosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33. 


Cumberland and Tennessee river systems. 


1By common consent this species—which is a most striking one—has been allowed 
to stand to the credit of Ratinesque. The outlines of the figures bear some resem- 
blance to the species. 

2Tt is hard to tell from these figures just what Barnes had before him when he 
described this species. They are as much like metanevra as anything. 


No. 1205. : SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON,. CS 


tQUADRULA SPARSA Lea. 


*Unio sparsus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IT, 1841, p. 82;' *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1842,.p. 242, pl. xxv, fig. 58; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 80, pl. xxv, fig. 58.—* Con- 
RAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Ree. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxvi, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.— 
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl.1v, fig. 14.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 
1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 

* Margaron (Unio) sparsus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33. 


Holston and Clinch rivers, Tennessee. 


tQUADRULA INTERMEDIA Conrad. 


* Unio intermedius CONRAD, Monog., VII, 1836, p. 63, pl. xxxv, fig. 2; *Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phil., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* Haney, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 381, Dl xox, 
fig. 28.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* KustEr, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 213, pl. Lxx, fig. 6.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 
1864, pl. x11, fig. 48.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 

* Margaron ( Unio) intermedius LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33. 

* Unio kleinianus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 191, pl. Lx, fig. 4. 


Tennessee River system. 


tQUADRULA STAPES Lea. 


* Unio stapes LEA, Tr..Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 17, pl. vu, fig. 8.—* Obs., I. 
1834, p. 87, pl. vil, fig. 8.—* ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71.—* FER- 
USSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* CONRAD, Monog., VII, 1836, p. 62, pl. xx xv, 
fig. 1.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 179; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 179, pl. 
XXU, fig. 38.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—* Conran, 
Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 497.—CHENU, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xv., figs. 5, 5a, 5b; * Manual, 
1859, II, p. 142, fig. 997.—* REEve, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x11, fig. 52.— 
*B. H. Weieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 

* Margarita (Unio) stapes Lma, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1838, p. 13. 

* Margaron (Unio) stapes La, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33, 

* Unio retusus SaY, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. 

* Unio stegarius KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 211, pl. LXx, fig. 3. 


Alabama and Tombigbee rivers. 


Section THELIDERMA (Swainson, 1840) Simpson.? 


(Type, Unio lachrymosus Lea.) 


Shell rounded, quadrate to rhomboid, solid, pustulous; beaks rather 
prominent; beak sculpture consisting of a few rather coarse, subparallel 
ridges; anterior end rounded or slightly subtruncate above; base often 
arcuate; posterior end truncate, high and angled behind the ligament; 
epidermis scarcely rayed, never pointed; beak cavities rather deep. 


1It is likely that this is only a small, rather smooth variety of tuberosus. 

2Swainson’s first species of this group in the text of the Treatise is Unio irroratus, 
and after this metanevrus and cylindricus. In the final classification in the same work 
he includes in the group lachrymosus and pustulosus, and by the process of elimina- 
tion I use the name in order to save coining a new one. 


776 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


(Group of Quadrula lachrymosa.) 


Sheil quadrate or rhomboid, generally with a sharp, well-developed 
posterior ridge, in front of which is a wide, shallow, radial excavation ; 
base incurved, posterior end sharply truncate, generally slightly bian- 
cular below, high and distinctly angled behind the ligament; posterior 
tubercles often in somewhat radiating rows; earlier beak sculpture 
consisting of ridges nearly parallel with the growth lines, but later on 
becoming doubly looped and blending into the general sculpture of the 
shell; epidermis smooth; pseudocardinals strong; laterals straight; 
nacre white. 

Animal with all four gills used as a marsupium throughout, inner 
much the larger, free from the abdominal sac nearly or quite their whole 
length; palpi very large; branchial opening generally having clustered, 
often branching papillae; anal opening smooth; superanal opening 
closed below. 


+QUADRULA ASPER Lea. 


* Unio asper Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 85, pl. 1x, fig. 15; *Obs., I, 1834, 
p. 95, pl. 1x, fig. 15.—*Conrapb, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 67.—* HANLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p.179; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 179, pl. xx11, fig. 37.—* CaTLoOw 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., Il, 1857, p.497.—* CHENU, 
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xv, figs. 4, 4a, 4b; *Manual, 1859, II, p. 142, fig. 695.— 
* REEVE, Conch, Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. v, fig. 18.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 
1888. 

* Margarita (Unio) asper LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1838, p. 15. 

* Margaron (Unio) asper Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33. 

* Unio nobilis CONRAD, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1854, p. 297, pl. xxvul, figs. 2, 3. 

* Unio turgidus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 111, fig. 10. 

* Unio apiculatus var. asper PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144. 


Streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico from Alabama west to cen- 
tral Texas, and northward to the Verdigris River, Kansas. 


tQUADRULA LACHRYMOSA Lea. 


Unio lachrymosus Les, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1828, p. 272, pl. vi, fig. 8;! Obs., I, 
1834, p. 14, pl. v1, fig. 8.—* SHorr and HaTON, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 76.— 
*Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* HANEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 177; 
“Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 177, pl. xx, fig.388.—* CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 
1845, p. 60.—*H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* CHENU, 
Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xv, figs. 6, 6a, 6b; Manual, 1849, II, p. 142, fig. 6:18.— 
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 1x, fig. 33.—* B. H. Wrigut, Check 
List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III,.1890, p. 156. 

* Margarita (Unio) lachrymosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 14; 1838, p. 15. 

* Margaron (Unio) lachrymosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32. 

* Unio lachrymosus KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1854, p. 70, pl. xvi, fig. 3. 


1Published as a separate in 1827. I have not seen this. Title from Sabin’s Biblio- 
theca America, 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAILADES—SIMPSON. T7T7 


* Quadrula lachrymosa BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. I, 1898, p. 83, pl. xxv, fig. 1; x11, 
fig. 2. 

t*Unio asperrimus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 71, pl. v, fig.3;! * Obs., I, 
1834, p. 81, pl. Vv, fig. 3.—* HANnLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 178; * Biv. Shells, 1843, 
p. 178, pl. x x1, fig. 12.—* Potrez and MicHaupD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 156, pl. tx, 
figs. 2, 3.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.56.—* H. and A. Apams, 
Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* Cuenu, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. 1x, figs. 1, 
la, 1b.—* B. H. Wrienut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margarita (Unio) asperrimus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 14; 1838, p. 15. 

* Margaron ( Unio) asperrimus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 33. 

*Unio qudrulus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.—* Conrap, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 
71.—* FERusSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N.’'Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1853, p. 256.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 184, pl. Lv1ul, fig. 1. 

*Unio quadratus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. v1, fig. 24. 


+ QUADRULA LACHRYMOSA var. LUNULATA Pratt. 


*Unio lunulatus PRATT, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci., I, 1876, p. 167, pl. xxx1, fig. 1.2 


Entire Mississippi River drainage; various localities in the St. Law- 
rence basin; Red River of the North; southwest into eastern Texas. 


tQUADRULA COUCHIANA Lea. 


*Unio couchianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 305; Jl. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 371, pl. Lxv1, fig. 196; * Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 53, pl. Lxv1, fig. 196.— 
*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxx1, fig. 429.—* B. H. Wricut, 
Check List, 1888.—* PaTxEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149.—* Fiscnsr and 
Crossk, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 566.—* Simpson, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 

XIX, 1896, p. 370. 
* Margaron (Unio) couchianus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 54. 


Rio Salado, Mexico; southwestern Texas. 
tQUADRULA FRAGOSA Conrad. 


* Unio fragosus CONRAD, Monog., II, 1836, p. 12, pl. v1, fig. 2; * Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—* H. and A. ApDaAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
497.—* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1861, p. 173, pl. Lv, fig. 1.—* REEVE, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 1, fig. 2; vii, fig. 27.—*B. H. Wriegut, Check 
List, 1888.—* P& TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 153. 

* Margarita (Unio) fragosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 14; 1838, p. 15. 

* Margaron ( Unio) fragosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33. 

* Unio fragosa CaATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59. 


1Dr. Lea separated this from his lachrymosus because the latter had tearlike 
nodules, while those of asperrimus were simply elevated. The two forms absolutely 
run together, and specimens may be found in which both varieties of nodules occur. 
There are forms which are almost smooth, and there is great diversity in the matter 
of inflation. Dr. Lea finally came to doubt whether the asperrimus was valid. 

2] think that this is a solid, inflated variety of lachrymosus. From the figure, Pratt’s 
Specimens seem to have few tubercles; but I have seen quite a number of shells from 
the Ohio River north to Minnesota which resemble it in shape, but are strongly 
pustulous throughout. I was at first inclined to believe these were varieties of 
asper, but I now regard them as a form of lachrymosus, and they may perhaps be 
referred to Pratt’s variety. He describes his species as having a large lunule, but 
individuals vary greatly in this character. 


1718 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. - 


* Unio tragosus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 178; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 178, pl. xx, 
fig. 40.:—* CatLow and RrEve, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64. 


Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; westward probably 
to Minnesota, Nebraska, and Kansas. 


t QUADRULA FORSHEYI Lea. 


* Unio forsheyt Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 155; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 357, pl. Lx, fig. 182; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 39, pl. Ux, fig. 182.— 
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. v1, fig. 21.—* B. H.Wriaeut, Check List, 
1888.—* Pa&TEeL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 153. 

* Margaron (Unio) forsheyi LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 


Alabama to Texas, in streams flowing into the Gulf of Mexico. 


+t QUADRULA SPECIOSA Lea. 


* Unio speciosus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 168; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 207, pl. xxx1, fig. 276;, *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 29, pl. xxx1, fig. 276.— 
* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxx1v, fig. 447.—* B. H. Wriaut, 
Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 

* Margaron ( Unio) speciosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 33. 


Kansas, south to Texas. 
tQUADRULA APICULATA Say. 


* Unio apiculatus Say, New Harm. Diss., II, No.2, 1829, p.309; * Am. Conch., VI, 
1834, pl. L11.2—* ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 67.—* FERussac, Guer. 
Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* ConRaD, Monog., IX, 1837, p. 78, pl. xLIv, fig. 1.—* Han- 
LEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 178; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 178, pl. xx1u1, fig. 51.— 
*@aTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 55.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 497.— 
* CHENU, Manual, 1859, II, p. 142, fig. 696.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, 
pl. u1, fig. 11.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 144. 

* Margarita (Unio) apiculatus Lea, Syn., 1836, p.15; 1838, p. 15. 

* Margaron (Unio) apiculatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33. 

* Unio nobilis CONRAD (part), Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1854, p. 297, pl. xx vit, figs. 2, 3.3 


Louisiana to Texas. 
tQUADRULA RUMPHIANA Lea. 


* Unio rumphianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 276, pl. x x11, fig. 34; Obs., 
V, 1852, p. 32, pl. xx, fig. 34.—*Conrapb, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 
257.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—B. H. Wrieut, 
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166. 

* Margaron ( Unio) rumphianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21 ; 1870, p. 33. 

t*Unio blandianus Lra,* Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 263; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 


1 Written tragosus in text, no doubt a typographical error, as it is written cor- 
rectly in the explanation of the plate. 

2 Say says that U. asper Lea is the same as his apiculatus. I think he is wrong. 

8 One specimen figured (fig. 2) is @. apiculata. The other (fig. 3) is a nondescript, 
possibly Q. asper, or it may be the form of Q. lachrymosus which I have placed under 
var. lunulatus Pratt. 

4Certain forms of rumphianus are very different from blandianus, being more 
inflated, and showing a high, biangulate posterior ridge and a deep radial sinus in 
front of it, while specimens of the latter are much less inflated and have a low, some- 
what rounded, posterior ridge. But the difference between the two seems to be 
absolutely briged by intermediate specimens. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. T79 


Phila., IV, 1858, p. 65, pl. x1, fig. 47; * Obs., VI, 1858, p. 65, pl. x1, fig. 47.— 
* SOWwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxviltt, fig. 405.—* B. H. Wricut, 
Check List, 1888.—* PaxTEL, Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. 46. 

* Margaron (Unio) blandianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 33. 


Western Georgia; Alabama in the Gulf drainage. 
(Group of Quadrula pustulosa.) 


Shell round quadrate, truncated behind, full and angled back of the 
ligament; beaks high; beak sculpture a few coarse ridges which are 
swollen at the somewhat rounded posterior ridge; surface generally 
more or less pustulous but sometimes entirely smooth and in some 
cases slightly corrugated; epidermis often having a broad, faint, green 
ray; hinge strong; nacre white or purple. 

Animal with the marsupium occupying all four gills throughout; 
inner gills the larger, free the whole or the greater part of their length 
from the abdominal sac; branchial opening having clustered, often 
branching, papille. 


tQUADRULA PUSTULOSA Lea. 


*Unio pustulosus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 76, pl. vu, fig.7; * Obs., I, 
1834, p. 86, pl. vil, fig. 7.—* FerRussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* HANLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 180; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 180, pl. x x1, fig. 34.—* CaTLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 
1857, p.496.—* CHENU, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. x x10, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* CALKINS, 
Pr. Ottawa Acad. N. Sci., 1874, p. 44.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margarita (Unio) pustulosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1838, p. 15. 

*Margaron (Unio) pustulosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33. 

*Quadrula pustulosa BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 86, pl. xxv, fig. 2; 
XXVIII, fig. 13. : 

* Unio verrucosa VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool. Anat., II, 1835, p. 231, pl. LI, 
fig. 2. 

* Unio nodulosus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. 

*Unio prasinus CONRAD,' New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 44, pl. 1m, fig. 1, p. 71.— 
* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* MOLLER, Syn. Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 
208.—* CONRAD, Monog., IX, 1837, p. 79, pl. xuIv, fig. 2.—* CHENU, Bib. 
Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845, p. 22, pl. m1, fig. 1.—* Conran, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—* REEVE, Conch..Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. vu, figs. 26, 
26a, 26b.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

*Unio bullatus var. prasinus PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146. 

* Unio bullatus CONRAD, Néw F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 68; Monog., X, 1838, p. 82, 
pl. xiv, fig. 2.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 47, pl. 1x, fig. 3.— 
* CoNRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1864, pl. xu, fig. 43.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146. 

*Unio dorfeuillianus La, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 73, pl. xvu, fig. 54; 
* Obs., II, 1838, p. 73, pl. xvut, fig. 54.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 
1839, II, p. 237.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 179; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 
179, pl. xxi, fig. 10.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.— 
*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 248.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. 
Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.— *CuHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxv, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.— 
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. x, fig. 38.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 


1A smooth form of pustulosus, according to the type in Philadelphia Academy. 


780 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXII. 


1888.—* Catt (part), Tr. Ac. N. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 40, pls. x11, xm, 
XIV, XV, figs. 1, 2. 

* Margarita (Unio) dorfeuillianus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 15. 

*Margaron (Unio) dorfeuillianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33. 

*? Unio uber ConRAD, Am. J]. Conch., II, 1866, p. 279, pl. xv, fig. 16.! 

t* Unio schoolcraftensis Lma, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 37, pl. 10, fig. 9;2 *Obs., 
I, 1834, p. 149, pl. 1, fig. 9—*FERussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—*HANLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 178; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 178.—*CatTLow and REEvr, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 497. — 
*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 1, fig. 8; x11, fig. 47. 

* Marjarita (Unio) schoolcraftensis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1833, p. 15. 

* Margaron (Unio) schoolcraftensis Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 22. 

* Unio bullatus var. schoolcraftensis PaaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146. 

* Margaron ( Unio) schoolcrajtii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 33. 

* Unio schoolcraftii, B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 


tQUADRULA PUSTULOSA var. PERNODOSA Lea. 


*Unio pernodosus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 163; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
X, 1848, p. 71, pl. 11, fig. 8; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 45, pl. 11, fig. 8.—* CONRAD, 
Pr. Ac.N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 254.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 
xu, fig. 46.—* B. H. Wricur, Check List, 1888.—* P.zrEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 163. 

*Margaron (Unio) pernodosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 34. 

t* Unio asperatus Lea,® Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.41; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 68, pl. vi, fig. 218; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 72, pl. vi, fig. 218.— 
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxy, fig. 450.—* B. H. WRiGut, 
Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145. 

*Margaron (Unio) asperatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 33. 


+QUADRULA PUSTULOSA var. KEINERIANA Lea. 


*Unio keinerianus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
X, 1852, p. 281, pl. xx, fig. 40; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 37, pl. xxl, fig. 40.— 
*CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTsEt, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156. 

*Margaron (Unio (keinerianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 34. 


Entire Mississippi drainage; Michigan; Lake Erie;? Alabama River 
system; westward to central Texas; the varieties in streams draining 
into the Gulf of Mexico. 


1 Probably a smooth form of pustulosus. 

2The type is a nearly smooth, compressed form of pustulosus, I am sure. Lea 
includes with it in his collection a number of strongly pustulous, compressed shells. 
Quadrula pustulosa is a very widespread, abundant, and variable species. A large, 
solid, inflated, and somewhat quadrate form has been called Unio dorfeuillianus by 
Dr. Lea, and various smooth races have received names, but they so completely 
blend into the typical form that it does not seem to me they are worthy of varietal 
names. A somewhat triangular variety, often having a broad, faint ray, is found in 
the Ohio River and southward which probably equals the variety pernodosa. 

3Seems to be about the same as U. pernodosus, only a little smoother. These two 
are more rounded posteriorly, and are doubtfully worthy of a varietal name. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 781 


+ QUADRULA COOPERIANA Lea. 


tUnio cooperianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 61, pl. vit, fig. 21; *Obs., 
I, 1834, p. 173, pl. vu, fig. 21.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 180; *Biv. 
Shells, 1843, p. 180, pl. xx1, fig. 1.—*CaTLow and REEV«#, Conch Nom., 1845, 
p.57.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—* H. and A. ADAMs, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 183, 
pl. Lvu, fig. 5.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTeL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 149. 

* Margarita (Unio) cooperianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 16; 1838, p. ae 

*Margaron ( Unio) cooperianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 

* Unio striatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. viul, fig. ea 


Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems. Reported by Keyes 
at Muscatine, Iowa, but this is probably an error. 


+QUADRULA MORTONI Conrad. 


* Unio mortoni CONRAD, Monog. II, 1836, p. 11, pl. v1, fig. 1.—* KusTER, Conch. 
Cab. Unio, 1852, p.51, pl. x1, fig. 1.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, 
p. 252.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 160. 

t * Unio turgidus Lea, Tr. Ieee, Phil Soce Wass. pe ll plonvs, loll Ob saaslle 
1838, p. 11, pl.v, fig. 11.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 180; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 180, pl. x x1, fig. 51.— 
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* CHENU, IIL. Conch., 1858, pl. xxv, figs. 1, la, 1b.— 
1B}, 18 [5 ee Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170. 

* Margarita (Unio) turgidus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 16; 1838, p. 15. 
* Margaron (Unio) turgidus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 34. 


Lower Mississippi River drainage as far north as western Tennessee 
and Indian Territory; west into eastern Texas. 


tQUADRULA SPHERICA Lea. 


*Unio sphaericus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 145; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
1869 pilose platy To 132 Obs. Xl Ik pas, plo wuiy ho Sie —— BE. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* P&#reL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 

* Margaron (Unio) sphericus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 33. 


Streams of Alabama and Mississippi flowing into the Gulf of Mexico. 


tQUADRULA PUSTULATA Lea. 


*Unio pustulatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1834, p. 79, pl. vu, fig. 9; * Obs., I, 
1834, p. 89, pl. vu, fig. 9.—* HANLEY, Test Moll., 1842, p. 178; * Biv. Shells, 
1843, p. 178, pl. xxu1, fig. 36.—* CaTLow and ReEve, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 
63.—* ConRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253.—* H. and A. ADAMS, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xv, figs. 8, 
8a, 8b.—* CaLKins, Pr. Ottawa Ac. N. Sci., 1874, p. 44.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888. 

* Margarita (Unio) pustulatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 15; 1838, p. 15. 

* Margaron (Unio) pustulatus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 33. 


‘Changed in errata to cooperianus. 


782 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


*Unio (Theliderma) pustulata SWAINSON, Treat. on Mal., 1840, p. 271, fig. 54d. 

*Unio nodulatus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1854.—* ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, 
p. 70.—* Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* ConraD, Monog., 1837, p. 80, 
pl. xiv, fig. 1.—* Kusrmr, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 254, pl. Lxxxv1, [, fig. 1.— 
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xm, fig. 51. 


* Unio nodulatus RAFINESQUE var. pustulatus PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161. 
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; Mississippi River 
and tributaries from eastern Iowa south to Louisiana; southern 


Michigan. 
+QUADRULA NODIFERA Conrad.! 


* Unio nodiferus CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., I, 1841, p.19; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
VIII, 1842, p. 179; I, 1850, p. 277, pl. xxxvutl, figs. 4, 8; *Pr. Ac. N. Sei. 


Phila., VI, 1853, p. 253. 


Louisiana and eastern Texas. 
t QUADRULA CAHABENSIS Lea. 


*Unio cahabensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., XXIII, 1871, p. 190; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VIII, 1874, p. 17, pl. v, fig.14; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 21, pl. v, fig. 14.— 
*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 


Cahawba River, Alabama. 
+ QUADRULA VALLATA Lea. 


*Unio vallatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 145; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
1869, p. 315, pl. 1, fig. 128; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 75, pl. L, fig. 128.—*B. H. 
WriGHt, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) vallatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 34. 

Alabama and Black Warrior rivers, Alabama. 


+t QUADRULA REFULGENS Lea. 


*Unio refulgens Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 145; * Jl. Ac.N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1869, p. 317, pl. 11, fig. 180; * Obs., XII, 1869, p.77, pl. 11, fig. 130.—* B. H. 


WriGut, Check List, 1888. 
*Margaron (Unio) refulgens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 34. 
*Unio pustulosus CALL (part), Tr. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1898, p. 42, pl. xv, figs. 3, 4. 


Mississippi and probably Alabama. 
t{QUADRULA HOUSTONENSIS Lea. 


*Unio houstonensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p.155; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., LV, 1860, p. 358, pl. Lx, fig. 183; *Obs., VIII, p. 40, pl. LX, fig. 183.— 
* SowERByY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXXI, Dae 425.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888. 
* Margaron (Unio) houstonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55. 


Texas, Louisiana, and southern Arkansas. Verdigris River, Kansas? 


1 There are six shells bearing the name Unio nodiferus Conrad in the Philadelphia 


Academy of Natural Sciences. Part of them are the same as figured in the Journal, 


and the rest are probably mortoni. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 783 


tQUADRULA PETRINA Gould. 


- *Unio petrinus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., V, 1855, p. 228; * Otia Conch., 1862, 
p. 218.—* B. H. Wricur, Check List, 1888. 
* Margaron ( Unio) petrinus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 55. 


Texas. Cragin’s localities, Verdigris and Neosho rivers, Kansas, are 
probably erroneous. 


+QUADRULA AUREA Lea. 


*Unio aureus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 112; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., | 
V, 1862, p. 195, pl. xxvi, fig. 264; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 17, pl. xxv, fig. 264.— 
*SowmERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXx x11, fig. 488.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888,—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145. 

* Margaron (Unio) aureus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 37. 

*Unio bolli CALL, Am. Naturalist, XV, 1881, p. 390.! 


Texas. 


tQUADRULA PAUPERCULA Lea. 


*Unio pauperculus LE, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.39; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 99, pl. xv, fig. 247; * Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 103, pl. xv, fig. 247.—* B. H. 
WriaGut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) pauperculus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55.” 


Texas. 


(Group of Quadrula infucata.) 


Shell small, rounded rhomboid, with a low, distinct posterior ridge, 
truncated behind and angled back of the ligament; beaks moderately 
elevated, subcentral; beak sculpture, four or five coarse, subparallel 
ridges which curve upward behind, with fine, radial ridges between 
them and the ligament; surface blackish, sculptured with zigzag or 
chevron-shaped corrugations which often become pustulous below; 
posterior slope having radial, broken wrinkles; pseudocardinals small, 
stumpy; secondary lateral of the right valve present; beak cavities 
moderately deep, slightly compressed; anterior scars small, smooth; 
nacre rather dull, purplish. 

Animal with the marsupium occupying all four leaves of the gills; 
inner gills the larger, free from the abdominal sac only part of their 
length; anal opening without papille.° 


1 An inflated form. 

2 Usually entirely free from sculpture excepting faint corrugations on the poste- 
rior slope. A specimen belonging to Mr. William A. Marsh, from Village Creek, 
Texas, shows slight tuberculation on the disks. 

3T have been puzzled as to the relationship of this group and have been strongly 
inclined to place it near chickasawhensis, but I now believe it is more closely allied 
to the Pustulosa group. Its posterior truncation, the prominent angle behind the 
ligament, and beak sculpture lead me to place it here. The general sculpture of 
@). petrina approaches that of these species. 


784 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+ QUADRULA INFUCATA Conrad. 


*Unio infucatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 45, pl: 111, fig. 2, p. 70.—* MGL- 
LER, ‘Syn. Nov. Gen., 1836, p. 208.—* FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.— 
*HANLEY, Test, Moll., 1842, p. 203; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 203.—* CHENU, Bib. 
Conch., Ist ser., III, 1845, p. 22, pl. 1. fig.6.—* CatTLow and RrEvex, Conch. 
Nom., 1845, p. 60.—* Conrab, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* H. and 
A. Abas, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* Kusrer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, 
p. 176, pl. Ly, fig. 5.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XL, fig. 221.— 
*B.H. Wriegut, Check List, 1888.—* Pare, Corch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.— 
* Simpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 409, pl xL1x, figs. 1-3, 6. 

* Margarita (Unio) infucatus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. 

* Margaron ( Unio) infucatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 50. 

*Unio securiformis CONRAD, }Ann. and Mag., IV, 1849, p. 300; Pr. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., * I, 1850, p. 275 pl. xxxvut, fig. 1; *IV, 1849, p. 152; *VI, 1852, p. 257— 

*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 


Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, Georgia. 


tQUADRULA KLEINIANA Lea.? 


*Unio kleinianus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1852, p. 251; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soce., 
X, 1852, p. 265, pl. xvu, fig. 18; *Obs., V, 1852, p. 21, pl. xvu, fig. 18.— 
*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257.—* H. and A. ADAmMs, Gen. 
Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 11, fig. 6.— 
*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156. 

* Margaron (Unio) kleintanus Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 30. 

* Unio sparsus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 252, pl. LXxxv, fig. 2. 


Southern Georgia; northern Florida. 


Section FUSCONAIA Simpson, 1900, 
(Type, Unio trigonus Lea.) 


Shell round, rhomboid, triangular, or short elliptical, with a moderate 
posterior ridge; beaks high and full, curved inward and forward, sculp- 
tured with a few coarse, parallel ridges which curve upward behind; 
epidermis dark; surface not sculptured; hinge plate of moderate width; 
pseudocardinals strong; nacre white, salmon, or purple. 

Ammal having all four gills occupied throughout as a marsupium, 
filled with pink or purplish ova when gravid; inner gills much the 
wider in front, free generally from the abdominal sac; outer gills cut 
away slopingly in front. 


(Group of Quadrula beadleiana.) 


Shell moderately solid, somewhat triangularly rounded, bluntly 
pointed and sometimes slightly biangular at post base, with a more 
or less developed posterior ridge, in front of which it is full; beaks not 


1A rather smooth infucatus. 

2JTn the Proceedings of the U. 8. National Museum, XV, 1892, p. 404, I united this 
species with Unio infucatus Conrad. Further study of additional material and of 
the animals which show some differences has induced me to separate the two. 


~~ 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 785 


very high; beak sculpture very coarse, concentric ridges;! disks irregu- 
larly concentrically striate; epidermis rich, dark chestnut; hinge plate 
rather narrow; pseudocardinals radial, stumpy; cavity of the beaks 
only moderately deep. 

No gravid specimens have been seen, but those examined do not seem 
to differ from others of the genus. 


FQUADRULA CHICKASAWHENSIS Lea. 


*Unio chickasawhensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 101, pl. xvi, fig. 250; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 105, pl. xv1, 
fig. 250.—*B. H. Wrrent, Check List, 1888. 

Margaron ( Unio) chickasawhensis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 55. 


Mississippi and Louisiana. 
+QUADRULA SUCCISSA Lea. 


*Unio succissus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 275, pl. xx1, fig.32; *Obs., V, 
1852, p. 31, pl. xx1, fig. 32.—* H. and A. ApAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 496.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxiir, fig. 174.—*B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—*PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.— 
*Srmpson, Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus., XV, 1892, p. 29, pl. LXXx1, fig. 5. 

*Margaron (Unio) succissus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 38. 

t* Unio cacao LEA, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., II], 1859, p. 154; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 344, pl. Lv1, fig. 169; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 26, pl. Lv1, fig. 169.— 
*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) cacao LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 54. 


West Florida; southern Alabama. 


tQUADRULA PUMILA Lea. 


* Unio pumilus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 23, pl. vu, fig. 17; * Obs., II, 
1838, p. 23, pl. vu, fig. 17.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
234.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.185; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185, pl. xxi, 
fig. 13.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.-63.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. 
Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—* H. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 
1857, p. 495.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xix, figs. 1, la, 1b.—* SowmrRsBy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxv1, fig. 198.—* B. H. Wriegut, Check List, 
1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164. 

* Margarita (Unio) pumilus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17. 

* Margaron (Unio) pumilus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. 


Black River, North Carolina. Only the type shell, a small specimen, 
not in very good condition, has been seen by me. 


t? QUADRULA UTRICULUS Lea. 

* Unio utriculus Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 164; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soce., 
X, 1848, p. 69, pl. 1, fig. 3; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 43, pl. 1, fig. 3.—* CoNnRaAD, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 259.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) utriculus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46., 


North Carolina. The specimen in the Lea collection which came from 
Arkansas is not this species at all. 


1 According to Marsh, who has examined the beak sculpture of (. askewi. I have 
never seen a specimen of the group in which it was not all eroded away. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 50 


786 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. Vou, XXI1, 


tQUADRULA BEADLEIANA Lea. 


* Unio beadleianus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 39; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1862, p. 94, pl. xrv, fig. 242; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 98, pl. xrv, fig. 
242.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) beadleianus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 55. 

Mississippi to eastern Texas. 
tQUADRULA ASKEWI Marsh. 
* Unio askewi Marsn, Nautilus, X, 1896, p.91; X, 1897, pl.1, figs. 3, 4. 
Western Louisiana; eastern Texas. 


(Group of Quadrula trigona.) 


Shell triangular, generally inflated, with high, full beaks which are 
ineurved and turned forward over a well-developed lunule; anterior end 
obliquely truncate above, often with a curved, shallow depression in 
each valve running from the beaks to midway down the anterior end, 
and forming a sort of secondary lunule; posterior base usually incurved; — 
the posterior ridge ending in a rather sharp point; beak sculpture, a 
few coarse, concentric ridges turned upward behind and often swollen 
on the posterior ridge, sometimes becoming finer and broken or irregu- 
lar on the upper disk; hinge solid but not very wide; pseudocardinals 
triangular and radial, torn; there is a secondary lateral in the right 
valve; cavity of the beaks generally deep and compressed; muscle 
scars small, deep. 

Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of all four bran- 
chie; inner gills generally free from the abdominal sac, much wider 
than the outer in front; outer nearly or quite equaling them in width 
behind; anal opening distinctly crenulate or papillose. 


+QUADRULA RUBIGINOSA Lea. 


*Unio rubiginosus LeA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., III, 1829, p. 427, pl. vut, fig. 10; * Obs., 
I, 1834, p. 41, pl. vit, fig. 10.—* DEsHayEs, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, 
p. 548.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 185; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 185, pl. xx1, 
fig. 43.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* H. and A. ADAMs, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CuENu, I]. Conch., 1858, pl. x11, figs. 4, 4a, 
4b.—* REEVE», Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvil, fig. 136.—* CaLkins, Pr. 
Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 44.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*WaL- 
TON, Moll. Monroe Co., 1892, p. 16, pl. vit, fig. 1. 

*Margarita (Unio) rubiginosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17. 

*Margaron (Unio) rubiginosus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. 

*Umo rubiginosa DESHAYES, An. sans Vert., 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 672. 

“Quadrula rubiginosa BakER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 77, pl. xix, fig. 2; 
Org) 10K ILE 

“Unio flavus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69.—* Say, Am. Conch., VI, 
1834.—* FERussAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 27.—* ConRAD, Monog., IX, 1837, p. 
74, pl. XLI, fig. 2.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 61, pl. x1v, fig. 2; p. 265, pl. 
LXXXIX, fig. 5.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249. 

“Unio flavus var. rubiginosus PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 

“Unio trigonus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LxIv, p. 322. 


Entire Mississippi drainage; eastern Texas; St. Lawrence River 
system; Nelson River and its tributaries. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. TS7 


+QUADRULA CERINA Conrad. 


*Unio cerinus CONRAD, Monog., XI, 1838, p. 95, pl. Lr; *Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1853, p. 246.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxxvu, fig. 468.— 
*B. H.Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 


Louisiana; eastern Texas; Mississippi; Alabama; north to Arkansas. 


tf QUADRULA HEBETATA Conrad. 


*Unio hebetatus CONRAD, * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1854, p. 296, pl. xxv1, fig. 5.— 
*B.H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888. 
*Margaron (Unio) habetatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. 


Missouri; Tuscaloosa River, Alabama. 


FQUADRULA RUBIDA Lea. 


*Unio rubidus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 40; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 95, pl. xv, fig. 244; *Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 99, pl. xiv, fig. 244.— 
*B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margaron (Unio) rubidus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. 

t* Unio negatus Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p.59; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 76, pl. 1x, fig. 225; Obs., VIII, 1862, p. 80, pl. 1x, fig. 225.—* Sow- 
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xx x11, fig. 165.—* B. H. Wricut, Check 
List, 1888.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160. 

* Margaron (Unio) negatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 35. 


Streams flowing iuto the Gulf of Mexico from Alabama to Louisiana. 


The shell reported under the name Unio negatus, from Kansas, is prob- 
ably a somewhat sulcate rubiginosus. 


tQUADRULA CHUNII Lea. 


Unio chunit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 392; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 196, pl. xxviI, p. 265; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 18, pl. xxvu, fig. 265.— 
*B. H. WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa7re., III, 1890, p. 148. 

*Margaron (Unio) chuntt Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 38. ‘ 


Mississippi; west to central Texas north to Arkansas. 


+ QUADRULA RIDDELLII Lea. 
*Unio riddelliti Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1861, p. 392; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 198, pl. xxvul, fig. 267; * Obs., IX, 1863, p. 20, pl. xxvu, fig. 267.— 
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx xxi, fig. 442:-—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888.—* ParrL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165. 
*Margaron (Unio) riddellit Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 38. 


Dallas, Texas. 


t QUADRULA FRIERSONI B. H. Wright. 
* Unio friersoni B. H. Wricut, Nautilus, IX, 1896, p. 134, pl. m1. 
Louisiana; eastern Texas. 


+t QUADRULA TRIGONA Lea. 


* Unio trigonus, Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 110, pl. xvi, fig. 40; * Obs., I, 
1834, p. 120, pl. xvi, fig. 40.—* HaNLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.185; * Biv. Shells, 
1843, p.185, pl. xx1, fig.6.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.— 
* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 258.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xvi, figs. 7, Ta, 7b.— 


788 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


*SoOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxv1, fig. 459.—* CALKINS, Pr. 
Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 45. —* B. H. WRIGHT, her List, pee —* PATEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170. 

* Margarita Gono) trigonus La, Syn., 1836, p. 18; 1838, p. 17. 

* Margaron ( Unio) trigonus Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. 

*Quadrula trigonad BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 76, pl. xv, fig. 5. 

*Unio undatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72.—*Say, Am. Conch., 
VI, 1834, 

*Unio triangularis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 56, pl. x11, fig. 3. 

* Unio pilaris REEV®, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvu, fig. 138. 


Entire Mississippi drainage; Coosa River, Alabama; Michigan and 
the Upper St. Lawrence drainage. 


tQUADRULA OBLIQUA Lamarck. 


*Unio obliqua LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 72.—* FERuSSAC, Guer. Mag., 
1835, p. 28.—* DESHAYES, An. sans Vert, 2d ed., 1835, p. 534; 3d ed., II, 1839, 
p. 668. 

*Margarita (Unio) obliqua LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 20. 

*Unio obliquus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 186; * Biv. 1843, p.186, pl. xx, 
fig. 24.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Gonen! Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* KusTER, Conch. 
Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 63, pl. xv, fig. 1.—*ConrRaD, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1853, p. 253.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* CaLkIns, 
Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 44.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.— 
*CALL, Tr. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, VII, 1895, p. 31, pl. 1v. 

* Margarita (Unio) obliquus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 17. 

*Margaron (Unio) obliquus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. 

*Unio undatus BARNES, Am. Jl. Sci., VI, 1823, p. 121, pl. Iv, fig. 4.—* HILDRETH, 
Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 280.!—* Conrab, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, 
p. 259. 

*Mya undata EATON, Zool. Text-Book, 1826, p. 219. 

*Unio mytiloides SHORT and Eaton, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 74. 

* Unio cordatus CONRAD, Monog., V, 1836, p. 48, pl. xxv.—*KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 
te , p. 57, pl. xin, fig. 1.—*SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. nce, 
376. LB. H. Wrieuat, Check List, 1888. 


Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; west in Tiere to 
the Mississippi; Ohioens, Alabama. 


t QUADRULA COCCINEA Conrad. 


*Unio coccineus CONRAD,? Monog., III, 1836, p. 29, pl. x11, fig. 1.—LEa, Tr. Am. 
Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 12, pl. v, fig. 12; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 12, pl. v, fig. 12.— 
*“TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir. Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.—*HaNLEY, Test. Moll.. 
1842, p. 203; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 203, pl. xxu1, fig.54.—*CaTLOoW and REEVE, 


1This was figured by Hildreth, but the figures of this species and a number of 
others were left out by the editor. 

2JIn the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, VI, 1838, p. 12, pl. v, 
fig. 12, Lea described this species, and stated that about eighteen months previous Dr. 
Hildreth had sent him a single specimen under the name Unio coccineus; but there is 
nothing to show that Hildreth had described it. In the Monography in 1886, III, 
p. 29, pl. xm, fig. 1, Conrad describes this species under the same name, and also 
credits it to Hildreth, stating that it was in the collection of the Philadelphia 
Academy of Natural Sciences under that name. The°species must be credited to 
Conrad, who first described it, though Lea read his description in 1834. 


\ 


~ NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. T89 


Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.—*KustTER, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 49, pl. x, fig. 2.— 
*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 247.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—*CHENUv, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. xxv, figs. 4, 4a, 
4b.—* SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcrv, fig. 512.—*Canktns, Pr. 
Ottawa Acad. Sci., I, 1874, “aL 42.—*B. H. Wriaur, Check List, 1888,— 
*PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

* Margarita (Unio) coccineus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. 

* Margaron ( Unio) coccineus Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. 

*Quadrula coccinea BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 79, pl. xrv, fig. 1; x1x, 
fig. 3. 

* Unio rubens MENKE, Syn., Meth. Moll., 1828, p. 90. ~ 

* Unio catillus CONRAD, Monog., III, 1836, p. 30, pl. x1, fig. 2.—* Kusrer, Conch. 
Cab., 1852, p. 64, pl. xv, fig. 2.—*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, 
p. 246.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 147. 

* Unio catilus B. H. WRIGHT, Gneck tise 1888. 

*Unio gouldianus WarD, ! Jay’s Catalogue, 3d ed., 1839, p: 24, 

* Unio cuneus Cau, Tr. Ac. Sci. St. Louis, VII, p. 1. 


tf QUADRULA COCCIENEA var. PAUPERCULA Simpson.? 


Entire Upper Mississippi drainage; St. Lawrence basin in various 
localities.. The peculiar dwarf variety which is found in this latter 
area seems almost entitled to specific rank. 


tQUADRULA SOLIDA Lea. 


Unio solidus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 18, pl. v, fig. 13; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 
13, pl. v, fig. 13.—*TrRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.— 
*HANLEY,Test. Moll., 1842, p. 186; “Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 186, pl. xx1u1, fig. 15.— 
*CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—*H. and A. ApAms, Gen. 
Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—*CuEnu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxv, figs. 2, 2a, 
2b.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 258, pl. Lxxxvu, fig. 4.—* REEVE, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvu, fig. 133.—*CaLkins, Pr. Ottawa Acad. 
Sci., 1874, p. 45.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa:rEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 168. 

* Margarita (Unio) solidus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 20; 1838, p. 17. 

* Margaron (Unio) solidus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. 

*2Unio cardiacea DESHAYES, Tr. Elem. de Conch., 1839, p. 19, pl. XxXx1, figs. 1, 2 

* Unio fulgidus LEA,* Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., LV, 1845, p. 164; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soce., X, 1848 
p. 73, pl. tv, fig. 10; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 47, pl. 1v, fig. 10.—* Conran, Pr. 
Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 249.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 495.—* B. H. WrieutT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 253. 

* Margaron (Unio) fulgidus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. 

* Unio obovalis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. elie, VI, 1853, p. 253. 


Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; south to Louisiana ; 


west to Arkansas and Kansas; north to Minnesota; east, through Wis- 
consin, Illinois, and Indiana, to Ohio. 


tae nied by Dr. Tay on used in ih cpialon ue, but never iGudbeinea ie is a white 
nacred coccinea. 

>There is a dwarf form, greatly inflated and having the rest periods very plainly 
marked, found in the St. Lawrence and its tributaries near the Niagara Falls, which 
may bear the above varietal name. 

5 There is only the type, a young shell, in Lea’s collection, and I have no hesitation 
in referring it to solidus, 


TIO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


tQUADRULA PLENA Lea. 


* Unio plenus Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 286; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1848, 
p. 211, pl. xiv, fig. 26; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 49, pl. x1v, fig. 26.—* ConrRaD, Proc. 
Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 495.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 264, pl. LXxx1Xx, fig. 3.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LX1, fig. 305.—* B. H. WrieutT, Check List, 1888,— 
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165. 

* Margaron ( Unio) plenus Lia, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39. 


Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee riversystems; southwest to Kansas 
and Arkansas. 
QUADRULA FLEXUOSA Simpson. 


Holston River, Tennessee. 
Quadrula flecuosa SIMPSON, Proc. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 83, pl. 11, fig. 8. 
t QUADRULA PYRAMIDATA Lea. 


*Unio pyramidatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1834, p. 109, pl. xv1, fig. 39; * Obs., T, 
1834, p. 119, pl. x v1, fig. 39.—* HANEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 186; * Biv. Shells, 
1843, p. 186, pl. xx, fig. 45.—* DESHAYES, Traite Elem. de Conch., II, 1850?, p. 
216, pl. xxx1, figs. 1, 2.— *CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.— 
“HA. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., Il, 1857, p. 495.—*CuHENu, Ill. Conch., - 
1858, pl. xvi, figs. 5, 5a, 5b.—* SowrErsBy, Couch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LxIv, p, 
323.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

“Margarita (Unio) pyramidatus Lua, Syn., 1836, p.21; 1838, p. 17. 

*Margaron (Unio) pyramidatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39. 

“Unio mytiloides DesHAYES, Enc. Meth., II, 1830, p. 586, pl. CCXLIX, fig. 4.— 
“Say, Am. Conch., Pt. 6, 1834.—* FERuUSSAC, 1835, p. 28.—* MOLLER, Syn. 
Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 209.—*Conrap, Monog., IV, 1836, p. 41, pl. xx.— 
“ SWAINSON, Treatise on Mal., 1840, p. 267, figs. 52-53.—~* CaTLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* Kustrer, Conch. Cab., 1852, p. 59, pl. x11, fig. 35 
1861, p. 265, pl. Lxxx1x, fig. 4.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margarita (Unio) mytiloides Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 21; 1838, p. 17. - 

*Margaron (Unio) mytiloides LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 39. 

“Unio mytiloides Rafinesque var. pyramidatus PaTEL, Conch. Sai., III, 1890, p. 
160.! 

“Unio cardiacea GUERIN, Icon. Regne Animal, 1829?, IT, pl. xXvuil, fig. 7. 

*Unio ruber CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 257. 

“Unio obliqua Woop, Ind. Test. rev., 1856, p. 200, pl. 1, fig. 8. 


Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; southwest to 
Arkansas; west to Nebraska?; north in the Mississippi to Wisconsin. 
(Group of Quadrula subrotunda. ) 


Shell solid, rounded, elliptical or ovate, with high beaks curved 
inward and forward over a distinct lunule; beak sculpture a few coarse 


‘Most of the authors who use the name mytiloides believe it to be Rafinesque’s 
species, though they figure and describe the pyramidatus of Lea. The specimens in 
the Lea collection which Dr. Lea calls mytiloides Rafinesque, are evidently a form of 
his pyramidatus. Rafinesque’s figure represents a shell very long and almost 
straight on the posterior dorsal line, with astonishingly high beaks, and four dis- 
tinct, equally separated rays on the disk, and he says there are some oblique, black, 
longitudinal bands on the shell. The Rafinesquian shell seems as near to the Unio 
clava of Lamarck as anything, but it does not agree with that. 


NO. 12(5. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DES—SIMPSON. 791 


ridges curved up behind; posterior ridge feebly developed; epidermis 
brownish or blackish, and often painted with a few faint rays on the 
earlier shell which are disposed to break into squarish spots; hinge 
and teeth strong; secondary lateral in right valve well developed; 
beak cavities deep, compressed; muscle scars deep. Animal with ali 
four gills used as a marsupium throughout, filled with pink ova; gills 
large, inner only slightly the larger, free the greater part of their 
length; anal opening crenulate or papillose. 


tf QUADRULA BURSA-PASTORIS B. H. Wright. 


* Unio bursa-pastoris B. H. Wricut, Nautilus., IX, 1896, p. 133, pl. m1. 


Clinch and Powell rivers; Virginia and Tennessee. 
+ QUADRULA KIRTLANDIANA Lea. 


* Unio kirtlandianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 98, pl. xrv, fig.41; *Obs., 
T, 1834, p. 210, pl. xiv, fig. 41.—* Ferussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 29.—* Han- 
LEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 203, pl. xx, fig. 27.—* CarLow and REEve, Conch. 
Nom., 1845, p.60.—* Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* Kus- 
TER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 168, pl. xrx, figs. 2, 3; 1861, p. 214, pl. Lxxz, 
fig. 1.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—*Sowrsy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxvu, fig. 402.—* B. H. Wriaut, Check List, 
1888.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156. 

*Margarita (Unio) kirtlandianus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. 

* Margaron (Unio) kirtlandianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. 

* Unio kirklandianus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 203. ! 


tf QUADRULA KIRTLANDIANA var. MINOR Simpson.? 


Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; southwest to 
Arkansas; north to Wisconsin?; east through southern Michigan. 


+t QUADRULA SUBROTUNDA Lea.? 


* Unio subrotundus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. I opls xavariie tow 45 Oose 
I, 1834, p. 127, pl. xvi, fig. 45.—* HaANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 203; * Biv. 
Shells, 1843, p. 203, pl. xx, fig. 58.—* CaTLow and REEvVs, Conch. Nom., 1845, 
p.64.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* ?CHENU, III. 


1A typographical error no doubt. There is a Unio kirklandianus recently named 
by Wright. 

*A form is found in the Tennessee drainage which comes nearest, it seems to me, 
to the kirtlandianus of Lea, but is much smaller and more delicate, and is not so 
strongly colored. Mr. Wetherby believes this to be a form of the nearly allied 
subrotundus, but it seems to me too much compressed for that. Dr. Sterki is of the 
opinion that the two species should be united. While there are specimens which 
can hardly be determined, it seems to me that in the main the two are distinct. 
' The small form may be called variety minor. 

>The name subrotunda was used by Rafinesque in 1820 for some species of Naiad, 
probably a member of the Circulus group which I can not determine, and placed in 
the genus Obliquaria by him. Conrad afterwards, in 1834, placed what he supposed 
was this species in the genus Unio. Lea applied the name subrotundus to his species 
in 1831, and being the first to use it for that genus, I think it will have to stand, 
and Conrad’s name become a synonym. 


792 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Conch., 1858, pl. xv, figs. 1, 1a, 1.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 190, pl. Lx, 
fig. 3.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 

*Margarita (Unio) subrotundus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. 

*Margaron (Unio) subrotundus Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. 

* @ Unio brevialis CRoucH, Ill. Int. to Lamarck, 1827, p. 16, pl.1x, fig. 3.\—*? Cat- 

Low and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56. 

*Unio personatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 71. 

*Unio politus Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834.2—* Frrussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.— 
*ConrAD, Monog., VIII, 1837, p. 67, pl. xxxvu, fig. 2.—* KusTER, Conch. 
Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 62, pl. x1v, fig. 4.—*Conrap, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1853, p. 255.—*SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxu, p. 168.— 
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.° 


Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems. Reported from 
Michigan and the Grand River, Ontario, but it is probable that the 
material from these localities is not subrotundus. 


+ QUADRULA PILARIS Lea. 


* Unio pilaris LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 285; Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, 
p. 209, pl. xrv, fig. 24; Obs., III, 1842, p.47, pl. xtv, fig. 24.—* CONRAD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 255.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 492.—*CHENU, I]. Conch., 1858, pl. xxIx, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* Kus- 
TER, Conch Cab., 1861, p. 255, pl. Lxxxvi, fig. 3.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1865, pl. xxvul, fig. 138.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PHTEL, 
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 163. _ 

* Margaron (Unio) pilaris LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. 

t* Unio lesueurianus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc. I, 1840, p. 286; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
VIII, 1842, p. 195, pl. vu, fig. 6; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 33, pl. vim, fig. 6.— 
*ConrRaAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 251.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* CHENU, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. xxx, figs. 4, 4a, 
4b.—*KustEeR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 215, pl. Lxxi, fig. 2.—*B. H. 
WriGuHt, Check List, 1888.—* PaTeEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157. 

* Margaron (Unio) lesueurianus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. 


Tennessee and Cumberland river sytems; Green River, Kentucky; 
reported from the Ohio River. 


tQUADRULA CUNEUS Conrad.! 


* Unio cuneus CONRAD, Monog., XII, 1840, p.105; pl. v1u1, fig. 1.—* B. H. WRIGHT, 
Check List, 1888. 


Arkansas; Louisiana; Sabine River, Texas. 


1The figure looks something like subrotunda, or it may possibly be ebenus. I can 
not make out Lamarck’s brevialis (An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 75), which he says came 
from the Isle de France. Sganzin was told by the people of the island that no Unio 
was found there (Mem. Hist. Nat. Strasb., III, 1846, p. 8). 

2Merely listed by Say, but neither Lea nor I have been able to find that it was ever 
described by him. 

3 Kirtland states that an oblique sulcation below the superior posterior angle dis- 
tinguishes the female of this species, as it does the retusus, from the male. I have 
not noticed it. 

4Mr. Conrad states in the Monography that his shells came from the Little Red 
River, Arkansas. Our shells in the U. S. National Museum collection are from the 
same stream, but are not quite so solid, nor are they just the shape of the figure, yet 
I have no doubt that they are cuneus, 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 793 


tQUADRULA EBENUS Lea. 


* Unio ebenus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 84, pl. rx, fig. 14; * Obs., I, 1834, p. 
94, pl. 1x, fig. 14.—*ConraD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 69.—* HANLEY, Test. 
Moll., 1842, p. 202; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 202, pl. xx, fig. 47.—* CaTLow and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—*H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 492:—*CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xv, figs. 7, 7a, 7b.—* SOWERBY, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXvI, fig. 334.—*CaLkins, Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 
42.—*B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—*PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 


p. 151. 

*Margarita (Unio) ebenus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 34; 1838, p. 23. 

*Margaron (Unio) ebenus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.35; 1870, p. 56. 

* Unio obovalis Say, Am. Conch., VI, 1834. 

* Unio obliquus CONRAD, Monog., IX, 1837, p. 77, pl. Xiu, fig. 2.—* KUSTER,Conch. 
Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 215, pl. Lxx1, fig. 4. 


* Unio mytiloides SwWAINSON, Treatise on Mal., 1840, p. 270, figs. 52, 53. 
Mississippi drainage generally except its western portion; Alabama 
and Tombigbee rivers; northeast Texas?. 


+QUADRULA GLOBATA Lea. 


* Unio gl.batus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p.191; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p.5, pl.1, fig. 1; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* B.H.Wriaut, 
Check List, 1888. 


Holston and Tennessee rivers, Tennessee; Etowah River, Georgia. 


(Group of Quadrula glandacea.') 


Shell rhomboid-oval, nearly straight below and slightly biangulate 
behind, with a well-defined double posterior ridge; beaks probably - 
full; surface slightly and irregularly sulcate; epidermis wrinkled, 
tawny; hinge strong, the plate somewhat flattened; pseudocardinals 
triangular; laterals strong, secondary lateral of right valve well devel- 
oped; beak cavities deep, compressed; muscle scars very deep, smooth; 
nacre dirty straw color. 


tQUADRULA GLANDACEA Lea. 


*Unio glandaceus LBA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,V, 1861, p.59; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p.77, pl. 1x, fig. 226; *Obs., VIII, p. 81, pl. 1x, fig. 226.—* B. H. 
Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron ( Unio) glandaceus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. 


Coosa and Cahawba rivers, Alabama. 


1T am somewhat at a loss to know where to place this group. The very limited 
amount of material I have seen is in a badly eroded condition. I can form no 
idea of the beak sculpture, and I have never seen the soft parts. The texture and 
coloring of all the shells I have seen are like those of Pleurobema, but the very 
deep beak cavities and the general form are like Quadrula. 


794 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Section PACHYNAIAS Crosse and Fischer, 1893. 
(Type, Unio spheniopsis Morelet. ) 


Shell elongate-triangular, inflated, truncated above and rounded 
below in front, straight on the base, with a high, sharp posterior ridge; 
the post base slightly biangulate; beaks full, the sculpture consisting of 
apparently faint ridges which run parallel with the growth lines; 
whole surface distinctly concentrically ridged; epidermis without rays; 
pseudocardinals solid, stumpy, somewhat radiate, roughened; beak 
cavities rather deep; muscle scars deep, smooth; nacre bluish white, 
thicker in front. 

Animal unknown. 


+QUADRULA SPHENIOPSIS Morelet. 
* Unio spheniopsis MORELET, Test. Nov., I, 1849, p. 29.—* FIscHER and CROSSE, 
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 583, pl. LX1,. figs. 2, 2a, 2b. 
Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala. 


tQUADRULA RUGOSOSULCATA Lea. 


* Unio rugososulcatus Lea, Pr. Ac. N.Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 33; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 266, pl. xxxrv, fig.81; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 26, pl. xxxiv, 
fig. 81.—* B. H.Wrieut, Check List, 1888. 
* Margaron (Unio) rugososulcatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. 
Central America. 


Subgenus ROTUNDARIA (Rafinesque, 182)) Simpson. 
(Type, Obliquaria tuberculata Rafinesque.) 


Shell rounded or quadrate, slightly truncate above in front; posterior 
ridge low; beaks prominent, curved inward and forward over a strongly 
marked lunule; beak sculpture consisting of numerous (20 to 30) fine, 
irregular, broken, somewhat concentric corrugations which extend 
well on to the second year’s growth and gradually blend with the regu- 
lar sculpture; posterior three-fifths of the shell tuberculate; epidermis 
brown; beak cavities very deep, compressed; nacre violet. 

Animal having the gills very large, inner very much wider in front, free 
the whole length from the abdominal sac; branchial opening immense, 
with many small papillae; anal opening very large, smooth; superanal 
opening not at all closed below.! 


(Group of Quadrula tuberculata.) 


Shell rounded, truncated behind, with a wide depression down the 
post slope. 


1T regret that I have never been able to see gravid specimens of either of the species 
placed here. They are generally placed with the pustulusus group, but the strongly 
developed sulcus on the posterior slope and the very remarkable beak sculpture, 
which is not at all like that of any of our species, are good distinguishing characters. 
The enormous anal anil branchial openings, and the open superanal opening are 
characters of some value. 


No. 120. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 795 


+t QUADRULA TUBERCULATA Rafinesque.! 


* Obliquaria (Rotundaria) tuberculata RAFINESQUE, Ann. Gen. Sci. Brux., V, 1820, 
p. 103. —* CHENU, Bib. Conch., 1st ser., III, 1845, p. 20. 

* Rotundaria tuberculata AGAssiZ, Arch. fiir Naturg., I, 1852, p. 48. 

*Unio tuberculatus CONRAD, New F. W. Shells, 1834, p. 72.—* Say, Am. Conch., 
VI, 1834.—* Ferussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* CONRAD, Monog., V, 1836, 
p. 43, pl. xx11.—* KusTErR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1852, p. 45, pl. 1x, fig. 1.—* REEVE, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 111, figs. 9, 12. 

*Unio verrucosus BARNES, Am. J1.Sci., VI, 1823, p. 128, pl. v, fig. 6.—* SuHortT and 
Eaton, Transylvania J1., 1831, p. 75.—* HaNLey, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 180; 
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 180, pl. x x1, fig. 24.—* CaATLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 
1845, p.65.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* CaLkins, 
Pr. Ottawa Acad. Sci., 1874, p. 46.—* B. H. Wrieur, Check List, 1888.— 
*PXETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171. 

* Margarita (Unio) verrucosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.16; 1838, p. 15. 

* Margaron (Unio) verrucosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 34. 

*Unio verrucosus purpureus HILDRETH, Am. Jl. Sci., XIV, 1828, p. 281. 

* Mya verrucosa EATON, Zool. Text Book, 1826, p. 216. 

*Quadrula verrucosa BAKER, Moll. Chicago, Pt. 1, 1898, p. 85, pl. xxu1. 

* Unio tuberculosa VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool. Anat., II, 1833, p. 232. 


Mississippi drainage generally; southern Michigan; San Saba County, 
central Texas. 


+QUADRULA GRANIFERA Lea. 


*Unio graniferus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p.69, pl. x1x, fig. 60; *Obs., II, 
1838, p. 69, pl. XIx, fig. 60.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Naturg., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 
237.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 180; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 180, pl. xxi, 
fig. 11.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—* CoNnRaD, Pr. Ac. 
N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 250.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 496.—* CuENu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. xxv, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* KUSTER, Conch. 
Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 212, pl. Lxx, fig. 4.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon,, XVI, 1864, 
pl. 1x, fig. 34.—*B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 154. 

*Margarita (Unio) graniferus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 15. 

* Margaron (Unio) graniferus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 22; 1870, p. 34. 


tQUADRULA GRANIFERA var. PUSILLA Simpson.’ 


Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee river systems; northwest to Iowa. 


1 Rafinesque’s description is plainly that of one of the pustulous Uniones of the 
Ohio, and the statement that it is truncated posteriorly, wants nodules anteriorly, 
is three or more inches long, and has a violet nacre makes it certain that it is the 
verrucosus of Barnes. 

2This form has been considered by many merely at best a variety of the tuberculata, 
and I have so regarded it. It has always a smaller and generally a more inflated 
shell, higher beaks, and usually a smoother, more olive-colored epidermis than the 
latter. Its nacre is ordinarily more copper colored than that of tuberculata. I believe 
with Mr. Wetherby that it is a valid species. 

3A greatly dwarfed inflated form from the Green River at Mammoth Cave, Ken- 
tucky, may bear the above name. 


796 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


(Group of Quadrula ostreata.) 


Shell rhomboid, incurved on the base, with a well-developed posterior 
ridge, somewhat biangulate behind; beak sculpture consisting of a 
number of fine, concentric ridges showing a tendency to be doubly 
looped, which gradually change, first to corrugations and then to pus- 
tules; pseudocardinals ragged, secondary lateral of right valve but 
slightly developed. 

Animal unknown. 


t QUADRULA OSTREATA Morelet. 


* Unio ostreatus MORELET, Test. Noviss., No. 1, 1849, p. 29.—* FISCHER and CROSSE, | 


Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 573, pl. Lxii, fig. 3; Lxx, fig. 4. 
Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala. 
tQUADRULA USUMASINT4 Crosse and Fischer. 


* Unio usumasinte CROSSE and FISCHER, J. de Conch., XL, 1892, p. 294.—* FIscHER 
and Crosse, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 574, pl. ux1, fig.4; Lxvul, fig. 5. 


Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala. 


t QUADRULA GUATEMALENSIS Simpson. 
* Quadrula guatemalensis, SIMPSON, Pr. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 83, pl. 1, fig. 4. 
Rio Usumacinta, Guatemala. 


(Group of Quadrula percompressa.) 


Shell large, triangular to rhomboid, greatly compressed throughout, 


with a low posterior ridge and a slight secondary ridge above it, mak- 
ing the shell slightly biangulate posteriorly; beaks very prominent, flat- 
tened; beak sculpture not seen; surface of the disks covered with 
rather fine, somewhat lachrymose nodules, corrugate wrinkled on the 
posterior slope;' cavity of the beaks enormously deep and compressed ; 
area outside the palleal line wide in front; shell thickened anteriorly. 


“tQUADRULA PERCOMPRESSA von Martens. 


“Unio percompressus VON MARTENS, Sitzungs Ber. Nat. Tr. 1887, p. 107.— 
* FISCHER and CRossE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, Il, 1894, p. 576; Biologia Cent-Am. 
Mollusca, 1900, p. 496, pl. xxxu1, figs. 1-3. 


Rio de las Salinas, Guatemala. 
Subgenus LAMPROTULA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Chama plumbea Chemnitz.) 


Shell rounded to triangular, inflated, with high beaks; beak sculpture 
consisting of a few coarse, subparallel ridges which are slightly doubly 


' Only two left valves of this remarkable species have been seen by the writer, 
both of which curve to the left in front and to the right behind. It is probable that 
others may turn to the right, and von Martens’ shells are flat. 


pan 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 197 


looped; surface of the shell generally covered with coarse nodules or 
knobs; posterior slope radially ridged; epidermis dark; two strong 
laterals in each valve, all vertically striated; cavity of the beaks deep 
and compressed; nacre mostly whitish, usually radially granularly 
striated outside the pallial line, having one or more peculiar calluses 
behind and below the laterals which are iridescent and granularly 
striate. 
Animal unknown.! 


(Group of Quadrula plumbea.) 


Shell rounded, slightly angulated behind the ligament, solid, moder- 
ately inflated, covered with coarse pustules, and having broken, up- 
curved corrugations on the posterior slope; epidermis light brownish; 
hinge rather strong, somewhat flattened; laterals vertically striated.’ 


QUADRULA PLUMBEA Chemnitz. 


*Chama plumbea CHEMNITZ, Conch. Cab., NObp WCE, Wa 2a, Tolle CKorbny, sets, IAL 
1992.—* Dititwyn,.Cat. I, 1817, p. 215.—* Woop, Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 52, 
pl. 1x, fig. 6. 
Unio plumbeus FERUSSAC, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 28.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio., 
1862, p. 289, pl. xcvil, figs. 1, 2. 
South East Asia, probably. The locality, ‘South Sea,” given by 
Chemnitz is, no doubt, erroneous. 


e 


tQUADRULA COREANA von Martens. 


*Unio coreanus VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1886, p. 78.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., 
Ila, 1890, p. 149. 


Soul, Korea. 
(Group of (. nodulosa.) 


Shell very solid, oval or rounded, inflated, inequilateral, inequivalve, 
the valves more or less twisted on their axis or having the appearance 
as if one of them had been pushed forward on the other, so that a dorsal 
view shows the outline to be rhomboid; each valve with a posterior 
ridge, that on the valve pushed forward less developed; beaks high, 
full, apparently sculptured with a few coarse irregular ridges; posterior 
slope usually having strong, radiating, upcurved ridges; hinge plate 
generally wide and flattened; pseudocardinals heavy, somewhat radiate, 
often with the sockets evenly, radially grooved; laterals strong, heavily 
vertically ridged; secondary lateral of right valve well developed, 


' A group of peculiar and striking species which presents a number of quite diverse 
forms. On account of this diversity, the fact that the beak sculpture is rarely pre- 
served, and that nothing is known of the anatomy, the group is a difficult one to 
arrange. 

2A single, rather young, dead, and somewhat decayed specimen of what I believe 
is Q. coreana, from Séul, Korea, belonging to the collection of F. Stearns has been 
examined by the writer. The Chama plumbea of Chemnitz seems to be near it, but 
is solider and shorter. 


798 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


anterior cicatrices small, deep, posterior shallow; cavity of the beaks 
enormously deep, compressed; dorsal cicatrices on the under side of the 
shelf. 

Animal unknown. 


t QUADRULA TORTUOSA Lea. 


* Unio tortuosus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1865, p.76; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1868, p. 286, pl. XxxIx, fig. 98; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 46, pl. xxxIx, fig. 98. 

* Margaron (Unio) tortuosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30. 

t * Unio (Lampsilis) subtortus BAIRD and ADAMS, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, p. 491, 
pl. xxvI, figs. 1, la. : 

* Unio subtortus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxvul, fig. 465.— 
* HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lx1, fig. 119.—* Pa1ren, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p.169. 

* Unio retortus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lv, fig. 109.—*P£TRL, . 
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 165. 


-China. 
tQUADRULA TIENTSINENSIS Crosse and Debeaux. 
* Unio tientsinensis CROSSE and DEBEAUX, J]. de Conch., III, 1863, p. 257, pl. x, fig. 
1.—* SowrRBy,Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xct, fig. 514, 514a, 5146.—* PmTEL, 


Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169. 
* Margaron (Unio) tientsinensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30. 


China. 
QUADRULA ZONATA Heude. 


* Unio zonatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lx1.—*PaTEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 172. 
* Unio tientsinensis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lx, fig. 118. 


China. 
+QUADRULA FIBROSA Heude. 


* Unio fibrosus HuupE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., II, 1877, pl. x1, fig. 22.\—*Pa&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 

*+ Unio spurius Hrupr, Conch. Fluv. Nank., Il, 1877, pl. x1, fig. 22.—* PHTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 168. 


China. 
+QUADRULA NODULOSA Wood. 


* Mya nodulosa Woop (part), Gen. Conch., I, 1815, p. 106, pl. x x11, figs. 1, 2.2— 
*DILLWYN, Catalogue I, 1817, p. 52.—* Woop, Index Test, 1825, p. 12, pl. 
II, fig. 29b; *Index Test. Rev., 1856, p. 16, pl. u fig. 29. 

* Unio nodulosus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 180.—* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 180.— 
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* H. and A. ADaAMs, Gen. 


1 Doubtfully distinct from zonata. 

2 Wood gives four figures; the first and second being a solid, nodulous, Chinese 
species; the third and fourth seem to be Unio pictorum. Lamarck used the name 
nodulosa for a Unio (An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 78), and refers to the Encyclopedie 
Méthodique, 1797, pl. 248, fig. 19, and this figure is no doubt that of Unio pictorum. 
Wood seems to have confounded the two. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 799 


Rec. Moll., I], 1857, p. 496.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1868, pl. Lxxx1u, 
fig. 489.—* PwTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161. 

* Margarita (Unio) nodulosus Lra, Syn., 1836, p. 16; 1838, p. 15. 

* Margaron (Prisodon) nodulosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 27; 1870, p. 27. 

* Castalia nodulosa H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 509. 

t Unio grandidens Lra,!' Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1862, p. 168; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1862, p. 205, pl. xxx, fig. 274; *Obs., IX, 1863, p. 27, pl. xxx, fig. 274. 

* Margaron (Unio) grandidens Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 34. 

China. 
QUADRULA KOUANGENSIS Simpson.? 

* Unio moreletianus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lx, fig. 117.—* Pas- 

TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 160. 


Kouang-te-tcheou, China. 


tQUADRULA POLYSTICTO-SCRIPTUS Heude. 


* Unio polysticto-scriptus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. x1m, fig. 26.— 
* P HTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164. 
"Unio scripto-polystictus HEUDE,* Conch. Fluyv. Nank., IT, 1877, pl. x1, fig. 27. 
*Unio seripto-polystrictus P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 
China. 
+ QUADRULA POLYSTICTUS Heude. 
*Unio polystictus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. x11, fig. 25.—* PasTRL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164. 
China. 
+QUADRULA SIMILARIS Simpson. 


*Unio afinis HeupE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., I, 1875, pl. 111, figs. 7, 7a.1—* Pa&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 144. 


China. 
+QUADRULA MICROSTICTIS Heude. 


* Unio microstictis, HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. xu, fig. 24; *Jahrb. 
Deutsch, Mal. Ges., VIII, 1881, p. 122.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 159. 


China. 
(Group of Quadrula rochechouarti.) 
Shell rhomboid, with a strong posterior ridge, rounded before, 


incurved below, and somewhat biangulate on the posterior base, with 
very strong folds on posterior slope which begin on the posterior ridge as 


‘A single valve (the type) is in the Lea collection, and an opposing matched valve 
isin that of the U.S. National Museum. Dr. Lea states that they were obtained near 
Hot Springs, Arkansas, by Major Byrd Powell. I am certain this is a mistake, and 
that it is a Chinese species. It agrees exactly with Wood’s figure of nodulosa, is 
slightly pushed over or twisted on its axis, and has the vertically ridged laterals 
characteristic of the heavy Chinese forms very strongly developed. 

2 Heude’s name moreletianus has been twice preoccupied. 

3 Believed by Heude to be a hybrid with polysticto-scriptus. I can not see that the 
two differ sufficiently to be separated. 

4The name affinis was used long before by Dr. Lea for a Unio. 


800 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIt. 


knobs; surface strongly pustulous; beaks rather well forward, sculpture 
not seen; epidermis concentrically wrinkled, black and rough; pseudo- 
cardinals strong, somewhat radial, rough, striate; laterals more or less 
vertically striate, secondary lateral in right valve well developed; beak 
cavities very deep, compressed; posterior calluses faint. 

Animal unknown. 


+ QUADRULA ROCHECHOUARTI Heude. 


“Unio rochechouarti HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., I, 1875, pl. v, fig. 13; “Jahrb. 
Deutsch. Mal. Ges., VIII, 1881, p. 122.—*PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 165. 
China. 
(Group of Quadrula triclawa.) 


Shell solid, elongate triangular, obtusely pointed at the posterior 
base, with a decided posterior ridge, along which runs a row of pon- 
derous knobs; beaks high and far forward; surface strongly nodulous; 
posterior slope slightly corrugated; epidermis dark chestnut; pseudo- 
cardinals heavy, subradial, radially striate; laterals vertically striate, 
secondary lateral of right valve well developed; cavity of the beaks 
enormously deep and compressed; a granular callus behind the late- 
rals; nacre silvery, radially granularly striate outside the pallial line. 


+QUADRULA TRICLAVA Heude. 


* Unio triclavus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. x, figs. 21, 2la.—* PATEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170. 
China. 
(Group of Quadrula bazint.) 


Shell elongate-trigonal, with a fairly well developed posterior ridge, 
pointed behind; beaks not high, almost at extreme front of the shell; 
surface more or less covered with knobs and tubercles, which show a 
tendency to an arrangement in curved lines; epidermis chestnut to 
blackish; hinge strong; pseudo-cardinals radial, radiately striate; lat- 
erals granular, showing traces of vertical striation; beak cavities very 
deep, compressed; nacre silvery. 

Animai unknown. 


tQUADRULA BAZINI Heude. 


* Unio bazinti HrupE, Conch. .Fluy. Nank., I, 1877, pl. 1x, fig. 20.—* P TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 145. 
China. 
(Group of Quadrula leat.) 


Shell obovate, obtusely pointed behind; posterior ridge low; whole 
surface generally tuberculate or knobbed, with strong, radial, curved 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DES—SIMPSON, 801 


ridges on the posterior slope; beaks rather low, the sculpture coarse, 
irregular, broken bars, somewhat doubly looped and swollen on the 
posterior ridge, with strong, radiating ridges behind them; pseudocar- 
dinals solid, often compressed in the direction of the axis of the shell; 
laterals granular; beak cavities moderately deep; one or more granular 
calluses behind the laterals; nacre white or lurid, slightly radially 
granular outside the pallial line. 
Animal unknown. 


tQAUDRULA LEAI Gray. 


*Unio leai GRAY, Griff. Cuvier, XII, 1834, p. 600 (index), pl. xx1, fig. 1.'—* CATLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 60.—~ BENson, J1. As. Soc. Calcutta, XXIV, 
1855, p. 136 (p. 18, reprint).—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
496.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 232, pl. Lxxvuil, fig. 3.—* ? HeuDE, 
Conch. Fluv. Nank., I, 1875, pl. 1v, fig. 10, pl. vi.—* GREDLER, Jahrb. Deutsch, 
Mal. Ges., VIII, 1881, p. 122.—* von pane Sitzber. Nat. Fr., 1885, p. 77.— 
* PATEL, comer Sam., III, 1890, p. 157 

* Margar ita (Unio) leatt Esa Syn., 1856, p. AT; 1838, p. 16. 
* Margaron ( Unio) leait LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 34. 
*Unio leeai HANLEY, Biy. Shells, 1843, p. 182, pl. xxu1, fig. 5 
*Unio nodulosus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. 1x, fi 


ae 
ig. 32, 


tQUADRULA LEAT var. LELECI Heude. 


* Unio lelecti HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank, I, 1875, pl. ry, fig. 12 
‘LER, Jahrb. Deutsch, Mal. Ges., VIII, 1881, p. 122 

*Unio vichthofent VON MARTENS, 8. B. Nat. Fr. 1875, p.3; Mal. Blatt, XII, 1875, p. 
187; Nov. Conch., IV, 1876, p. 156, pl. cxxxvi, figs. 1-3.—2?*PaTEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 165. 

* Unio leai var. lelecti P& TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157. 


; V, fig. 14.—GRED- 


China; Tonkin; Mekong [iver. 


QUADRULA OVATA Simpson. 


Unio vestitus var. a HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. yvit, fig. 112; Lrx, 
fig. 116.3 


QUADRULA CAVEATA Heude... 


* Unio caveatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., II, 1877, pl. xxiv, fig. 53.—* PTE, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 
* Unio contritus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Lv1, fig. 103.—* Pa rst, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 
* Unio quadrangulosus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VII, 1881, pl. Lv1, fig. 104.— 
*Pa TEL, Conch. Fluv. Nank., III, 1890, p. 164. 


China. 


'A very brief description is given in the index. 
Von Martens, in a note at the close of Vol. IV, places his species in the synonymy 
of U. lelect Heude. 1am satisfied that leleci is but a variety of U. leai Gray. 
* Heude’s name is preoccupied by Lea for a Unio, I therefore change it as above. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii——51 


802 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXII. 


tQUADRULA CORNUUM LUN Heude.! 


*Uaio montanus Heupr, Conch. Fluy. Nank., I, 1875, pl. 1v, fig. 11.—* Pret, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159. 

*Unio cornuum-lune HmrUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. nvn, fig. 105.— 
~ PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149. 

* Unio trisulcatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lv, fig. 108. 

*Unio paschalis HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1888, pl. Lyi, fig. 110.— 
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam,, III, 1890, p. 162. 

*Unio verruculosus HeupE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lvmt, fig. 111.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171. 

*Unio abortivus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. x11, fig. 124. 

*Unio monticola HEuUDE, Jl. de Conech., XXXII, 1884, p. 19. 


QUADRULA CORNUUM LUM£Z var. CINNAMOMEUS Gredler. 


*Unio leai var. cinnamomeus GREDLER, Jahrb. Deuts. Mal. Ges., VIII, 1881, p. 122, 
pl. vi, fig. 16.2—* PaTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157. 


China. 
QUADRULA SCRIPTA Heude. 


* Unio scriptus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., I, 1875, pl. 111, figs. 8, 8a.—* Pa TEL, 
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 167. 


China. 
QUADRULA DIVERGENS Benson. 


Unio divergens BENSON, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., X XIX, 1855, p. 137.3 


Chusan Island, China. 


Subgenus DISCOMYA Simpson, 1900. 


Shell subsolid, round obovate or subrhomboid, lenticular, rather com- 
pressed, widely, faintly biangulate behind, with scarcely any vestige of a 
posterior ridge; beaks very low, sculpture not seen; front half of the 
shell densely covered with fine pustules arranged in curved rows in two 
directions as if engine chased, over which the epidermis is wrinkled. 
The hinder half is covered with fine, radiating and undulating corru- 
gations, curved upward posteriorly, which are slightly nodulous and 
show through on the inside of the shell; one slightly compressed pseudo- 
cardinal in the right valve and two in the left; one delicate, curved 


1 Virst called montanus by Heude, which was several times preoccupied in Unio. 

2Gredler makes this a variety of leai, but I believe it is a rather finely sculptured 
form of monticola. ‘The species varies much in the size of pustules and the degree of 
its smoothness, and Heude has exalted all these variations to the rank of species. I 
think it probable that when a large amount of material can be examined it will be 
found necessary to reduce some of the Chinese forms I have considered as species to 
the rank of varieties, or even to the synonymy. 

° Benson says this is not very distantly related to Unio wndulatus Barnes. It has 
never been figured, so far as I know, but from all I can learn of it it belongs in this 
group and may be Q. leai. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 803 


lateral in the right valve and two in the left; beak cavities deep, com- 
pressed; nacre lurid; palleal line showing a slight posterior sinus.! 


(Type, Unio radulosus Drouet and Chaper. ) 


+ QUADRULA RADULOSA Drouet and Chaper. 


*Unio radulosus DROUET and CHAPER, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., V, 1892, p. 150, pl. v, 
figs. 10-12.-—*J1. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 41. 


+QUADRULA RADULOSA var. RHOMBOIDEA Simpson.’ 


Borneo. 
The relationship of the following is uncertain. 


UNIO NEWENHUISI Schepman. 


*Unio newenhuisi SCHEPMAN, Notes Leyd. Mus., XX, 1898, p.92, pl.1, figs. 1, 2.— 
*DROUET, Jl. de Conch., 1899, p. 406. 


Borneo. 
May be related to Unio radulosus Drouet and Chaper. 


Genus SHISTODESMUS Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio lampreyanus Baird and Adais. ) 


Shell rather solid, triangular, inflated, truncate above in front, some- 
what swollen just behind the center of the base, pointed behind; beaks 
high; beak sculpture not seen; surface thrown up into strong, very 
wide, concentric ridges, one or two with each season’s growth, and 
pinched up in the central part to form a radiate row of compressed 
knobs or spines; epidermis shining, greenish-yellow or brownish, having 
marvelously delicate, concentric, microscopic lire, often painted with 
a few elegant, broken, green rays; there is one large, high, triangular 
pseudocardinal in the left valve under the beak, a deep, triangular pit 
in front of it, with an erect, radial lamellar tooth in its center, and a 
high, lamellar, curved tooth in front of the pit, parallel with the edge of 
the shell connected with the central tooth. A heavy triangular bifid or 
trifid pseudocardinal in the right valve stands close to the anterior 
edge of the shell and is separated from it by a deep, compressed pit; 
behind this tooth, deep down at its base, is a narrow shelf, and back of 
this the entire hinge plate is cut out in a deep sinus to the beak; two 
laterals in each valve; cavity of the beak in left valve deep, somewhat 
compressed; in the right entirely opened by the sinus; muscle scars 
sual, geek, smooth; pallial line with a sinus at its posterior end; a 


aT aoe nothing of ‘he eae We his curious Naiad, SanGn seems to show 
some relation to such species as Quadrula microstictus and related forms. I place 
it in Quadrula with doubt. 

2 There is 1 specimen in the U. S. National Museum marked Unio radulosus Drouet 
and Chaper, from Borneo, which is quite rhomboid and but slightly sculptured on 
the body, though it is plicate behind, which may bear the above name, It is prob- 
ably a valid species. 


804 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL 


beautiful, granularly striate callus is developed behind the laterals; 
nacre finely, often bifurcately radiate striate outside the parallel line. 
Animal unknown. 


+ SHISTODESMUS LAMPREYANUS Baird and Adams. 


* Unio( Dysnomia)lampreyanus, BAIRD and ADAMS, Proc. Zool.Soc. Lond., 1867, p.491, 
pl. xxv1, figs. 2, 2a.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxvit, fig. 
469.—* HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VII, 1883, pl. Lrx, figs. 114, 114a, 114b.— 
*Pm#HTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156. 

Margaron (Unio) tampreyanus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30. 


SHISTODESMUS SPINOSUS Simpson. 
Unio vestitus var. 6, HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. L1x, fig. 115.! 
Genus GIBBOSULA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Mya crassa Wood.) 


Shell very solid, inequilateral, triangular-elliptical, arcuate, pointed 
behind, with a low, well-marked posterior ridge; beaks rather high; 
beak sculpture not seen; posterior two-thirds of the shell covered with 
somewhat radiating corrugations and nodules; posterior slope having 
strong subradial folds; epidermis dark; hinge plate very wide; pseudo- 
cardinals not large, stumpy, rough; laterals very heavy, club shaped; 
beak cavities enormously deep and compressed; anterior cicatrices 
rather shallow, rough in the bottom; posterior cicatrices deep and dis- 
tinct; a strong rib runs from the front part of the beak cavity toward 
the posterior base; nacre whitish. 

Animal unknown. 


+t GIBBOSULA CRASSA Wood. 


* Mya crassa Woop, Gen. Conch., 1815, p. 106, pls. Xx, xx1;? *Ind. Test., 1825, p. 12, 
pl. 11, fig. 28b; *Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 16, pl. 11, fig. 28. 

* Mya ponderosa DiLLWyNn, Dili. Cat., I, 1817, p. 51. 

* Margarita Unio ponderosus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 14; 1838, p. 14. 

* Unio ponderosus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 177; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 177.— 
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—* H. and A. Adams, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497. 

* Margaron (Unio) ponderosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32. 


China. 
Genus CUNEOPSIS Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio celtiformis Heude.) 


Shell solid, elongated, wide and truncate or rounded in front, taper- 
ing to a point behind; often twisted on its axis and curved to the right 


‘Heude made this a variety of his Unio vestitus (which I have placed in Quadrula. 
Iam satisfied that this is a Shistodesmus and distinct from lampreyanus, as it seems 
to have spines instead of knobs. His name vestitus is preoccupied in Unio by Lea.) 

2The name crassus had been previously applied to a Unio by Retzius, but as 
Wood’s species was never placed in Unio under the specific name crassus, his name 
may be used. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 805 


or left; beaks rather high, anterior; beak sculpture apparently a few 
coarse, subparallel nodular ridges curved up behind; posterior ridge 
low, close to the hinge line, and in front of it the shell is full; surface 
slightly, irregularly, concentrically striate; epidermis dark, having a 
peculiar, dull, silky luster; hinge rather narrow; pseudocardinals two 
in the left valve immediately under the beak, the anterior compressed, 
high and nearly parallel with the outer edge of the shell, the posterior 
heavy, joined to the anterior above, with a deep, triangular cavity 
between; right valve with one large, triangular, anterior pseudocardinal 
with a deep, triangular pit back of it, and often a small, low, com- 
pressed tooth behind the pit; laterals granularly striate, beak cavities 
rather deep; anterior muscle scars deep, rough at the bottom; poste- 
rior scars large, long and oblique; nacre silvery, sometimes radially 
striate at the edge; palleal line indented into a sinus at its posterior 
end, above which is a granular, striate callus. 
Animal unknown. 


+CUNEOPSIS CAPITATUS Heude. 
* Unio capitatus HEupDE, Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p.114; * Conch. Fluy. Nank.,I, 
1875, pl. 11, fig. 5.—* P&#TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 147. 
China. 
+CUNEOPSIS HEUDEI Heude. 


*Unio heudei HevuDE (Bazin manuscript), Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 114.— 
*PAZTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 

“Unio corderit HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., I, 1875, pl. 1, fig. 3.:\—* Parr, Conch., 
Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 149. 

China. 
+CUNEOPSIS CELTIFORMIS Heude. 

“Unio celtiformis HEUDE, J]. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 113; Conch. Fluv. Nank., I, 

1875, pl.1, fig. 4. —* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 
China. 
tCUNEOPSIS PISCICULUS Heude. 

* Unio pisciculus HEUDE, JI. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 115; *Conch. Fluy. Nank., I, 
1875, pl. 1, figs. 6, 64.—* PazTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 

“Unio retortus VON MARTENS, Sitzber. Ges. Nat. Fr., 1875, p.4; *Mal. Blatt., XXII, 
1875, p. 188; Nov. Conch., IV, 1876, p. 158, pl. CxxxvV1, figs. 3, 4.2—*P2TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165. 

China. 
+ CUNEOPSIS RUFESCENS Heude. 

“Unio rufescens HrupE, Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 118; Conch. Fluv. Nank., 1, 
1375, pl.1, fig. 2.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. 166. 


China. 


‘Changed to corderi by Heude in above reference. 
> Von Martens places this in the synonymy of U. pisciculus in Vol. IV of the Nova- 
tites Conchologia. 


806 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. 3X11 


Subfamily HY RIAN 4) Swainson. 
(ENDOBRANCHI4:,) 


Male and female shells alike, with beak sculpture radial or zigzag- 
radial; marsupium occupying the inner gills only. 


(ROSANORHAMPHUS.) 
Beak sculpture zigzag-radial. 
Genus NODULARIA Conrad, 18858. 
(Type, Unio douglasiw Gray.') 
Nodularia Conrad, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1853, p. 268. 


Shell elliptical to elongated, pointed behind about midway up from 
the base, the post-basal part produced; beak sculpture variable, irregu- 
larly zigzag-radial, often breaking into nodules, and extending in many 
cases over a part or all of the disk; right valve with two usually com- 
pressed pseudocardinals, one above the other, the lower the more ele- 
vated, separated by a parallel-sided socket, and having one lateral; 
left valve with two compressed pseudocardinals, both in front of the 
beaks, and two laterals; cavity of the beaks moderate, not compressed, 
anterior muscle sears deep, posterior shallow, nacre white. 

Animal (of N. japanensis and N. equitoria) having the inner gills 
alone filled throughout their entire length with ova, forming a pad-like 
marsupium, united to the abdominal sac or free from it. 


Section LANCEOLARIA Conrad, 1853, 


(Type, Unio grayanus Lea.) 


Shell ensiform, solid, with a distinct, pinched-up posterior ridge, 
rounded in front, the posterior end sharp and generally turned a little 
to the right or left; beaks low, their sculpture nodulous, zigzag, often 
extending more or less over the surface; pseudocardinals rather 
stumpy, ragged, striate above, smooth below; anterior muscle scars 
distinct, the upper round, very deep, appearing as if bored out. 

Animal unknown. 


+t NODULARIA GRAYANA Lea. 


* Unio grayanus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 66, pl. 1x, fig. 26; Obs., I, 
1834, p. 178, pl. 1x, fig. 26.—* REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 118, pl. 
LXXXVIU, fig. 4.--* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 177; Biv. Shells, 1843, 
p. 177, pl. xxiv, fig. 5.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59.— 
*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 167, pl. xiv, fig. 5.—* H. and A. 


1A large genus of generally rather small species, very abundant in individuals, 
and distributed from the Amoor River throughout the mainland of all southeastern 
Asia and all of Africa except the region bordering on the Mediterranean. Some ot 
the African species are so close to Asiatic forms of the cwruleus group that they can 
hardly be separated specifically. 


NO. 1205. ‘ SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 807 


ApAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* CuHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 142, tig. 
700.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxv, fig. 191.—* HrupE, Conch. 
Fluv. Nank., II, 1877, pl. x v1, fig. 36.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154. 
* Margarita (Unio) grayanus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 14. 
* Margaron (Unio) grayanus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32. 
*Unio grayit GRIFFITH, Grif. Cuv., XII, 1834, pl. x x1, fig. 3.! 
China. 
t+NODULARIA GLADIOLUS Heude. 
* Unio gladiolus HEUDE, C. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. Xv1, fig. 35.—* P&TEL, Conch, 
Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 154. 
China. 
+NODULARIA TRIFORMIS Heude. 
* Unio triformis Heupe, Conch. F. Nank., II, 1877, pl. Xvt, fig. 34. 
* Unio distortus HEupE, Conch. F. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lx, figs. 122, 122b.— 
*PHETEL, C. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. 
China. 
+NODULARIA OXYRHYNCHUS von Martens. 
* Unio oxyrhynchus VON MARTENS, Mal. Blatt, VII, 1861, p. 57.—* KoBELT, Abh. 
Senck. Nat. Ges., XL, 1879, p. 420, pl. x11, figs. 3, 4. —* PFEIFFER, Nov. Conch., 
V, 1879, p. 192, pl. cLvu1, figs. 4,6.—* Pa&TEL, C.Sam., III, 1890, p. 162.—* von 
IHERING, Abh. Senck. N. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 156. 
Japan. 
Section CYLINDRICA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Nodularia cylindrica Simpson. ) 
Shell inflated, *solid, cylindrical, smooth, with a rounded posterior 
ridge; teeth heavy, pseudocardinals radiate, curved. 


NODULARIA CYLINDRICA Simpson. 


* Unio grayanus SCHRENCK,? Reis. und Forsch. im Am. Lande, 1867, p. 694, pl. XX VII, 
figs. 1-3. 
Nodularia cylindrica SIMpsoNn, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 84. 


Amur land. 
Section NODULARIA Conrad, 1853. 


(Type, Unio douglasie Gray.) 
Characters the same as the genus. 
(Group of Nodularia douglasie. ) 


Shell olive to blackish, subsolid; surface generally more or less cov- 
ered with nodules arranged in subradiating or chevron-shaped patterns. 


1T have seen a curious shell in the collection of Mr. Bryant Walker shaped some- 
thing like the N. grayana, but quite heavy and decidedly inflated in the post-basal 
region. It may be an old grayana, but is so eroded that I can not be certain. 

‘Schrenck supposes this to be the Unio grayanus of Lea, but it is very different. 
It is a large, heavy, cylindrical shell, apparently without sculpture, and the figure 
does not show plainly whether it has any posterior ridge. A large form between 
grayanus and oxyrhynchus is found in Korea, according to von Martens, Sitzber. Nat. 
Fr., 1885, p. 77. 


808 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XSI. 


tNODULARIA DOUGLASIZ Gray.'! 


s ae douglasie Gray, Griff. An. King., XII, 1833, (p. 601 index, 1834), pl. xx1, fig. 
—* P2#TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 151. 
pe murchisonianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 33, pl. 111, fig. 6; *Obs., I, 
1834,p. 145, pl. 111, fig. 6. —* Hantry, Test. Moll. ,1842,p. 177; * Biv. Shells,1843, 
p. 177, pl. xx, fig. 53.—* CaTtow and pov, Conch. None 1845, p. 61.— 
*KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 166, pl. xLviut, figs. 3, 4.—*H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 142, fig. 
701.—* SowrerBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxxviil, fig. 207.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160.—“ von IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., X VIII, 
1893, p. 159. 

* Margarita (Unio) murchisonianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 14; 1838, p. 14. 

* Margaron ( Unio) murchisonianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 32. 

* Unio osbecki PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mal., 1845, p. 164; *Conch., III, 1847, p. 45, pl. 
i, fig. 1.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., IJ, 1857, p. 497.—* Kusrrr, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 236, pl. LXxIx, fig. 3.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1868, pl. LxIx, fig. 353.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

* Margaron ( Unio) osbecki Lra, Syn , 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 39, 

*t Unio nux-persicus DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., 1818, p. 88.°—* MUSGRAVE, Phot. 
Conch., 1865, pl.1, fig. 10.—*SoOWERByY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxx111, 
fig. 373; ~ Parr, Conch, Sam., III, 1890, p. 161. 

* Margaron (Unio) nux-persicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 

*t Unio wrightii Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sei., Phila., IX, 1865, p.75; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1868, p. 283, pl. xxxIXx, fig. 97; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 43, pl. xxxrx, fig. 97. 

| OYTO (Unio) wrightit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 

“Unio sculptus DEsHAYES, Bull. Nouv. Arch. Mus., LX, 1873, p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 3, 3a.— 
* HEUDE, Conch. F. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xxrv, fig.51.—* P&TSL, Conch. Sam., 
IIT, 1890, p. 167. 

*Unio dactylinus HEUDE, Conch. F. Nank., 1885, pl. Lxv.3 

=2Unio pictorum var. longirostris WESTERLUND, Kong so. vet. Ak. Hand, XIV, No. 
12, p. 74.4 

Unio schrenckt WESTERLUND. Where described? 

Unio abbreviatus WESTERLUND. Where described ?* 


+ NODULARIA DOUGLASI4 var. SHANGHAIENSIS Lea. 


“+ Unio shanghaiensis Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p.153;5 *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 242, pl. xxxvi, fig. 121; * Obs., VII, 1860, p. 60, pl. xxxvI, 
fig. 121.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. x x1, fig. 96.—* P4& TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 

0) Mioinictor um var. amurensis MOUSSON, J].de Conch. by ANY, 1887, p.26, pl.1, fig. 8. 


'The plate in Griffith's Cie ier on Aen hig. species is figured bears date of 1833, 
and the names of the species are designated on it. The brief description (in the 
index) was published in 1834, the date of the work. Lea’s Unio murchisonianus was 
not published until 1854. This species has an immense distribution and varies 
greatly in form and degree of sculpture. 

2An author’s shell in the Lea collection is certainly a young U. douglasic. 

’'This and U. firmus and chloreus with others are given as varietal names and lettered, 

4Credited by Westerlund to Amurland. Unio pictorum, or varieties of it, have 
several times been credited to this region, but no doubt erroneously. This species 
is always darker when adult than the well-known European species, and has totally 
different beak sculpture. The two shells often resemble each other closely in form. 

5Specimens of shells bearing the above names, labeled by Westerlund, are in the 
U. 8. National Museum. 
5A smooth form of douglasiw, possibly worthy of a varietal name. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 809 


}NODULARIA DOUGLASIZ var. NIPPONENSIS von Martens. ! 


* Unio nipponensis VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1877, p. 119.—* Koper, Abh. 
Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 422, pl. xu, fig. 3.—* PaTe., Conch. Sam., III, 
1820, p. 161.—* von IneRING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 160. 


China; Amurland; Japan. 
+ NODULARIA DORRI Wattebled. 


* Unio dorrt WATTEBLED J]. de Conch., XXXIV, 1886, p. 71, pl. v, fig. 5,—* PETEL, 
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 151. 


Cochin China; Anam; Mekong river. 
NODULARIA DIGITIFORMIS Sowerby. 


* Unio digitiformis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxy, fig. 333.—* Pare, 
Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. 150. ? 
India. 
(Group of Nodularia japanensis.) 


Shell solid, elliptical, subrhomboid or oval, biangulate, rounded or 
pointed behind and often produced at the posterior base; posterior 
ridge low or scarcely developed; beaks moderately full; sculpture zig- 
zag radial; surface of the valves concentrically striate or more or less 
covered with corrugated chevron-shaped sculpture which often becomes 
somewhat nodulous; epidermis greenish and sometimes rayed in young 
shells, becoming brown or blackish when adult. 

Animal having the inner gills wider than the outer in front, equal 
behin<, free from the abdominal sac throughout, united to the mantle 
to the extreme posterior point; palpi rather large, long; mantle double 
on the border and toothed below; branchial opening large, with well- 
developed, brown papille; anal opening large, with small tubercular 
papillz on its inner edge, covered with wart-like papille inside; super- 
anal opening not closed below.° 


tNODULARIA JAPANENSIS Lea. 


“Unio japanensis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 153; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci., 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 244, pl. xxxvI, fig. 123; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 62, pl. xxxvI, fig. 
123.—-* VON MARTENS, Mal. BI., VII, 1861, p.55.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 
1862, p. 227, pl. xcru, fig. 4.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI,1868,pl. LXxx, fig. 
420,—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.—* von InErRING, Abh. Senck. 
Nat. Ges., X VIII, 1893, p. 157. 


mainland, though I have seen nothing that exactly agrees with Kobelt’s figure. The 
ordinary form of douglasie is found also in Japan. 

*This seems to stand between this group and that of N. grayanus. 

*The shells of some of the species of this group are very different from the normal 
Nodularia, being covered with roughish epidermis and apparently lacking sculpture. 
Others, however, show occasional sculpture, and the young shells have the green 
epidermis characteristic of the group. 


810 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


NODULARIA JAPANENSIS var. JOKOHAMENSIS von Ihering. 


“Unio japanensis KoBELY Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 423, pl. x11, figs. 1, 2.1 
* Unio yokohamensis VON IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 158. 


Japan. 
tNODULARIA HACONENSIS von Ihering. 


* Unio haconensis VON IMERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., X VIII, 1893, p. 161, fig. 3. 
Japan. 


NODULARIA BRANDTII Kobelt. 


* Unio brandtii KoBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 426, pl. xxi, fig. 15.— 
*PxereL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.—* voNIHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat.Ges., 
MOVIL, 1893, p. 157. 2 


Japan. 
NODULARIA BIW Kobelt. 
* Unio biw@ KoBELT, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 425, pl. xxi, figs. 2-4.— 


*PaETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146.—* von IHERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. 
Ges., XVII, 1898, p. 157. 


Japan. 
NODULARIA OMIENSIS von Heimburg. 


* Unio omiensis VON HEIMBURG, Nach. Deuts. Mal. Ges., XVI, 1884, p. 93; *Jahr- 
buch Mal. Ges., XIV, 1887, p. 2, pl. 1, figs. 2, 3.—* PaT=1, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 761. 


Province of Omi, Japan. 
(Group of Nodularia reiniana.) 
Shell elliptical oval, very solid, truncated in front and somewhat 


biangulate behind, slightly produced at the posterior base; beak sculp- 


ture not known; pseudocardinals heavy, elongated, parallel with the 
dorsal line. Animal unknown.’ 


NODULARIA REINIANA Kobelt. 


* Unio reinianus Koprit, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XI, 1879, p. 424, pl. xxm1, fig. 
1.—* von InERING, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XVIII, 1893, p. 157. 
Japan. 
(Group of Nodularia sagittaria.) 


Shell elongated, the hinder point above the middle of the shell, with 
a sharp posterior ridge and a faint ridge above it; beaks rather low, 


'Kobelt figured this for Lea’sspecies, and it seems to me to bean old, solid, slightly 
arcuate form, possibly worthy of a varietal name. 

2It is quite probable that this and the preceding species are only varieties of 
N. japanensis. 

3’The beaks of the specimen figured are greatly eroded. I can not be certain as to 
the relationship of this curious form, but it probably is a Nodularia. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 811 


their sculpture irregularly radial; disks finely concentrically striate, 
not otherwise sculptured ; epidermis yellowish olive, cloth-like; pseudo- 
cardinals greatly elongated, compressed, sometiines dentellate under the 
beaks; laterals long, compressed. Animal unknown. 


+ NODULARIA SAGITTARIA Lea. 


*Unio sagittarius LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1856, p. 93; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
III, 1857, p. 298, pl. xxvI, fig. 12; * Obs., VI, 1857, p. 18, pl. xxv1, fig. 12. 

* Margaron (Unio) sagittarius LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 58. 

*t Unio dugasti MORLET, Jl. de Conch., XL, 1892, p. 86; * XLI, 1893, p. 156, pl. v1, 
fig. 4.1 


Siam; Cambodia. 


(Group of Nodularia ceruieda.) 


Shell elliptical, inflated, pointed about midway up behind, the post- 
basal region produced, with a well developed posterior ridge; beaks 
sculptured with numerous fine, radiating riblets, the central ones of 
which join below, the whole often more or less zigzagged and extend- 
ing well over the disk; epidermis generally bluish green. Animal 
unknown. 

+t NODULARIA CAERULEA Lea. 


*Unio ceruleus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 95, pl. x11, fig. 25; *Obs, I, 
1834, p. 105, pl. x1, fig. 25.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 194; *Biv. 
Shells, 1843, p. 194, pl. xx, fig. 49.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, 
p. 56.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II. 1857, p. 493.—*CHENU, III. 
Conch., 1858, pl. x v1, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—-* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 228, 
pl. Lxxvu, fig. 4.—*SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xu11, fig. 230.— 
*HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pl. x11, figs. 3, 3a.—*PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

*Margarita (Unio) ceruleus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20. 

*Margaron (Unio) ceruleus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 47. 

* Unio gerbidoni EYDOUX, Guer. Mag., 1838, p. 9, pl. CX VIII, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* HANLEY 
and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p.6, pi. xu, fig. 2.—* P& Tex, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 153. 

*tUnio substriatus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.93; *Obs., VI, 1857, 
p. 20, pl. xxvI, fig. 14; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IIL, 1858, pl. x xvi, fig. 14. 

* Margaron (Unio) substriatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 47. 

*+ Unio humilis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.93; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 16, 
pl. xxvi, fig. 10; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 296, pl. xxvu, fig. 10.— 
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 

*Margaron (Unio) humilis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 

*Unio corrianus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 229, pl. LX VII, fig. 5. 

*t Unio leioma BENSON, Ann. and Mag., 1862, p. 192.—* HANLEY and THEOBALD, 
Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pl. x11, fig. 6.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157. 

*t Unio pilatus Lia, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 133; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1868, p. 281, pl. xxxvill, fig. 95; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 41, pl. xxxviIl, fig. 95. 

*+ Margaron (Unio) pilatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 47. 

*t Unio evitatus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1868, p. 133; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1868, p. 279, pl. xxxvull, fig. 92; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 39, pl. xxx vill, fig. 92. 


1 This group seems to stand in part between section Lanceolaria and Nodularia. 


812 . PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


* Margaron ( Unio) evitatus La, Syn., 1870, p. 47. 

* Unio trirostris SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxv, fig. 331. 

? Unio andersonianus NEVILL, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XLVI, 1877, p. 40; Researches 
Yun. Exp. 1877, p. 900, pl. Lxxx, figs. 8, 12.! 


India; southeast Asia. 


: +NODULARIA TERETIUSCULA Philippi. 


* Margarita (Unio) cailliaudi Lua, Syn., 1838, p. 24. 

* Margaron (Unio) cailliaudi LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 36; 1870, p. 58.2 Wee: 

*Unio teretiusculus PHiLippI, Conch., III, 1847, p. 45, pl. m1, fig. 3.3—*? KusTER, 
Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 183, pl. xx xv, fig.5.—* SowERBy,Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, 
pl. LXxV, fig. 389.—* JIcKELI, Faun. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 276, pl. x1, figs. 1-3.— 
*PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169.—* von MarTENS, Besch. Deuts. 
Ost-Af., 1897, p. 229. 

Unio lithophagus ZIEGLER, manuscript, probably. 


Upper Nile drainage. 


NODULARIA LEDOULXIANA Charmes. 


* Unio ledoulxianus CHARMES, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p.173.—* BOURGUIGNAT, 
Moll. Af. Eq., 1889, p. 194.—* VON MarRTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 229.4 


Central Africa. 
NODULARIA GAUDICHAUDI Eydoux. 


“Unio gaudichaudi KyDoux, Guer. Mag., 1838, p. 10, pl. cxviul, fig. 3.—*H. and A. 
ADAMS,Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—*P.TEL,Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153. 
*Margaron (Unio) gaudichaudi La, Syn., 1850, p.32; 1870, p.50. 


Small streams of Bengal. 
NODULARIA KERAUDRENI Eydoux. 


“Unio keraudreni KyDOUX, Guer. Mag., 1838, p.8, pl. cxvul, figs. 1, la.—*H. and 
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 494.—* Parr, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 156. 

*Margaron (Unio) keraudrent LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 46. 


Itivers and swamps of Bengal. 


1T have not seen the figure of andersonianus, but Nevill states that it is near 
ceruleus. The Nodularia cerulea isan abundant and very widely distributed form, 
and therefore quite variable in size, form, solidity, color, and sculpture, and it is 
possible that other so-called species should be merged with it. Some of the above 
might rank as varieties, but I can hardly separate them. 

? Lea credits this name to Ferussac manuscript. So faras I know neither Ferussac 
or anyone else has ever described it. Lea makes U. teretiusculus a synonym of it in 
his Synopsis. 

-3Philippi’s figure is a little more rounded posteriorly than are any of the shells I 
have seen from Africa bearing this name. After a critical comparison of numerous 
specimens, which are undoubtedly of African origin, I can only place this in the 
coeruleus group (with which it agrees in every essential character) and close to cwruleus 
itself. There are other undoubtedly close relations between species of Naiades of the 
Ethiopian and Oriental regions. 

4Unfigured. Von Martens places it inthe group of U. teretiusculus. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAILADES—SIMPSON. 813 


+ NODULARIA SHURTLEFFIANA Lea. 


*Unio shurtlefianus Ln, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.94; * Obs., VI, 1857, p. 
22, pl. XXVU, fig. 17; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., ITI, 1858, p. 302, pl. xx vu, fig. 17.— 
*PETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 

* Margaron ( Unio) shurtlefianus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 


India; Siam. 
+NODULARIA OCCATA Lea. 


* Unio occatus, LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1V, 1860, p.307; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1863, p. 398, pl. L, fig. 304; * Obs., X, 1863, p. 34, pl. L, fig. 304.—*SowERBy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx xix, fig. 412.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 161. : 

* Margaron ( Unio) occatus, LEA, Syu., 1870, p. 31. 

* t Unio macilentus, BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 187.—* HANLEY and THEO- 
BALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pl. X, figs. 2,4; p. 62, pl. CLIV, fig.5.—* PaTeEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 

* Unio rugosus, HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 62, pl. CLI, fig. 3. 


India. 
NODULARIA MOSSAMBICENSIS von Martens. 


~ Unio mossambicensis VON MARTENS (Peter's manuscript), Mal. Bl., VI, 1860, p. 218, 
pl. 111, figs. 3-5.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160.—* von Marrens, 
Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 225, pl. v1, fig. 2. 

* Unio sennariensis var. VON MARTENS, Mal. B1., X XI, 1873, p. 43. 

* Unio parreysi (v. d. Busch.) var. schwinefurthti VON MARTENS, Noy. Conch., LV, 
1876, p. 140, pl. cXxxIJ, figs. 3-5, | 


Sennaar. northeast Africa; Mosambique, Zambezi River. 


tNODULARIA INORNATA Lea. 


“Unio inornatus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VITI, 1856, p.93; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 13, 
pl. xx1v, fig.6; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IIT, 1858, p. 293, pl. xxrv, fig. 6.—* Von 
MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 15.—* MORELET, Ser. Conch., LY, 1875, 
p. 352.—P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 

* Margaron ( Unio) inornatus Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 47. 


Siam; Cambodia. 
tNODULARIA PACHYSOMA Benson. 


* Unio pachysoma BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p.186.—* HANLEY and THEOBALD, 
Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pl. x11, fig. 1. 

“Margaron ( Unio) pachysoma Lna, Syn., 1870, p. 63. 

“Unio pachystoma PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 


Assam. 
t NODULARIA BONNEAUDI Eydoux. 


* Unio bonneaudi EYDoux, Guer. Mag., 1838, p. 10, pl. cx1x, figs. 1, lu.n—* H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, 


'This species seems to be close to N. occata, but is thinner and of delicate texture. 
Iam not certain of its exact affinities. I am sure that it is not a variety of N. 


mossanbicensis. 


814 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL, XXII. 


pl. xcv, fig. 515.—* HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p.5, pl. x, fig. 
6.—ANDERSON, Yunnun Exp., 1878, p. 900, pl. LXxx, figs. 8-12.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146. 

* Margaron (Unio) bonneaudi Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 50. 


India. 
+NODULARIA TUMIDULA Lea. 


“Unio tumidulus LEA, Pr. Ac.N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.93; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 15, 
p). xxv, fig.9; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 295, pl. xxv, fig. 9.—*von 
MaRrTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 15.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 
1868, pl. LXX XIX, fig. 482.—* MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 351.—* PmTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170. 

* Margaron (Unio) tumidulus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 39. 


Siam, Cambodia. 
+NODULARIA ASPERULA Lea. 


* Unio inornatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx1x, fig. 147.! 

* Unio asperulus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., X, 1866, p. 133; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1868, p. 280, pl. xxxvu, fig. 94; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 40, pl. xxxvii, 
fig. 94. 

* Margaron (Unio) asperulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. 

* Margaron (Unio) versus La, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 


Siam; Cambodia. 


NODULARIA ANCEPS Deshayes. 


* Unio anceps DESHAYES, Nouv. Arch.de Mus., X, 1874, p. 127, pl. v1, figs. 8-12.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144. 


Cambodia. 
+NODULARIA PUGIO Benson. 


* Unio pugio BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 193.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1868, pl. xcv, fig. 516.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 164.? 


Burma. 
NODULARIA MICHELOTI L. Morlet. 


“Unio micheloti LL. MORLET, J]. de Conch., 1886, pp. 77, 291, pl. x11, figs. 6, 6a.—— 

*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159. 
Tonkin. 
NODULARIA FLUCTIGER Lea. 

* Unio fluctiger LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 152; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 250, pl. XxX X1X, fig. 130; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 68, pl. XXxIXx, fig. 130.— 
*KustmEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 237, pl. Lxxx, fig. 1.—*SOWERBy, 
Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. x11, fig. 299. 

* Margaron (Unio) fluctiger Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 


Southeast Asia, no doubt. 


1T believe that Reeve’s U. inornatus = Lea’s U. asperulus. As Lea had used the 
name inornatus previous to Reeve for a Unio, he changed the name of the latter to 
U. versus. 

2A shell labeled Unio bowvieri Nevill in the collection of Frederick Stearns in 
Detroit is, I believe, the same as U. pugio Benson. I do not know if Nevill ever 
described U. bouvieri or whether it is only a manuscript name. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 815 


tNODULARIA SCOBINATA Lea. 


“Unio scobinata Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93; * Obs., VI, 1857, 
p. 19, pl. xxv1, fig. 138; *JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 299, pl. XXVI, fig. 
13.—* VON MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 15.—*Sowrrsy, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LX1H, fig. 313.—* MorrLetT, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 
354, pl. xvui, figs. 2-6.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 167. 

* Margaron ( Unio) scobinatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 

*Unio mandarinus MORELET, JI. de Conch., XII, 1863, p. 159.—* Pare, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. ¢ 
*Unio pellis-lacerti MORELET, Jl. de Conch, XIII, 1865, p. 22.—* SOWERBY, Conch. 
Tcon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXXXVI, fig. 457.—* MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 

355, pl. xvul, fig. 5.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

* Unio venustus MORELET, Jl. de Conch., XIV, 1866, p. 63.—-* Paste, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 171. 

*Unio oblatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 64.! 


Siam; Cochin-China; Cambodia. 
NODULARIA GRATIOSA Philippi.2 


* Unio gratiosus PHILIPPI, Conch., I, 1845, p. 20, pl. 1, fig. 5.—* CaTLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—*? Kuster, Conch. Cab, Unio, 1861, p. 239, pl. Lxxx, 
fig. 3. 

* Margaron (Unio) gratiosus La, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 


India probably; Philippi’s locality, New Holland, is certainly an 


error. 
+ NODULARIA CRISPATA Gould. 


* Unio crispata GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1, 1843, p. 141; *Otia Conch., 1862, 
p. Lgl 

* Unio crispatus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—* HANLEY and 
THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 21, pl. xLv, fig. 1.—* PTEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 149. 

*Margaron (Unio) crispatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 


British Burma. 
+tNODULARIA NUCLEUS Lea. 


“Unio nucleus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.94; *Obs., VI, 1857, 
p- 26, pl. xxvinl, fig. 21; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., ILI, 1858, p. 303, pl. xxvitl, 
fig. 21. 

* Margaron (Unio) nucleus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30. 


Siam. 
+NODULARIA PHASELUS Lea. 


“Unio phaselus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 94; *Obs., VI, 1857, 
Daeipe ply x xevi ioe Ace Nee oc ebhilay Mile 1858; p. 297. nplexoxva, 
fig. 11. 

* Margaron (Unio) phaselus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 


Siam. 


‘New name for Unio renustus Morelet, preoccupied by Lea. 

> Philippi’s figure is not very distinct, and I can not be sure of what it is, only that 
it seems to be a member of this group that I can hardly connect with anything else. 
He credits it to Parreyss. 


816 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VoL. XXII. 


NODULARIA SCOBINA Hanley. 


*Unio scobina HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 382, pl. x xt, fig. 40..—* HANLEY and 
I p) I ? } to) 
THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 22, pl. XLVI, figs. 2, 3.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 167. 
Assam. 
(Group of Nodularia pazii.) 


Shell thin, with the hinder point long drawn out; posterior ridge 
double, low, and sharp, the dorsal line above it straight or incurved; 
beak sculpture not seen; surface of the shell smooth, dull olive colored; 
teeth exceedingly compressed; pseudocardinals long, lamellar. 


+NODULARIA PAZII. 

*Unio pazit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 176; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1866, p. 61, pl. xx1, fig. 60; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 65, pl. xxi) figs 60— 
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1868, pl. xcu, fig. 502. 

* Margaron (Unio) pazit Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 39. 

China; Siam; Cambodia. 
NODULARIA JOURDYI L. Morlet. 
* Unio jourdyi MoRLET, J1. de Conch., 1886, p. 289, pl. x11, figs. 5, 5a. 


Tonkin. 
+ NODULARIA INGALLSIANA Lea. 

* Unio ingallsianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil Soc., X, 1852, p. 282, pl. xxiv, fig.41; ~Obs., 
V, 1852, p. 38, pl. xXrv, fig. 41.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p.491.—* REEve, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvi, fig. 126.—* MoRELET, 
Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 351.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 

*Margaron (Unio) ingallsianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.36; 1870, p. 58. 

Cochin-China; Sim; Cambodia. 
(Group of Nodularia trompi.) 


Shell small, subtrapezoidal, wider behind, slightly inflated, with a 
rounded posterior ridge; beaks full, sculpture not seen; surface covered 
with very fine, nodulous, somewhat zigzag corrugations, with upeurved 
posterior ridges on the posterior slope; epidermis reddish brown or 
black; hinge teeth compressed; pseudocardinals vertically striate. 


t NODULARIA TROMPI Drouet and Chaper. 


* Unio trompit DROUET and CHAPER, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., V, 1892, p. 153, pl. v1, 
figs. 8-10; Jl. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 45. 
Borneo. 
(Group of Nodularia olivaria.) 
Shell thin, inflated, blue green or olive green, smooth, shining, with 
two or more faint ridges on the posterior slope; beaks and disk almost 
or quite destitute of sculpture; teeth greatly compressed, lamellar. 


1 Credited to Benson manuscript. 


NO. 1205. . SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON, 817 


+t NODULARIA OLIVARIA Lea. 


* Unio olivarius Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soe., IV, 1831, p. 108, pl. xvi, fig. 38; *Obs., 
I, 1834, p. 118, pl. xvi, fig. 38.—* HANLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 195; * Biv. 
Shells, 1843, p. 195, pl. xx11, fig. 32.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., IT, 
1857, p. 494.—* CHENU, Jl. Conch., 1858, pl. vin, figs. 11, 11a, 11b.—* KustTEr, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 244, pl. Lxxxu1, fig. 2.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1866, pl. XxxvI, fig. 195.—* HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, 

é Dp. );.pl.x, fig. 1.—PaTEL, Conch. Sam., iI, 1890, p. 161. 
* Margarita ( Unio) olivarius LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20; 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 47. 
* Unio pumilio KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 268, pl. xc, fig. 7. 


India. 
+NODULARIA NUTTALLIANA Lea. 


*Unio nuttallianus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1856, p.103; * Obs., VI, 1857 
p00; pl. Xxx, Mg. 25; Jl. Ac. N. Sev. Phila. TI, 1858) p. 310) pl. xxx, fis. 
25.—* HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 19, pl. xut, figs. 5, 6.— 
*P@ETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p, 161. 

* Margaron (Unio) nuttallianus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 74. 


India. 
NODULARIA INVOLUTA Benson. 


*Unio involutus BENSON, Hanley Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 385, pl. xxii, fig. 19.— 
* HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p:19, pl. xt, fig. 2.—* Pa Tr., 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156. 

* Margaron (Unio) involutus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 37. 

* Unio involuta SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxx1v, fig. 177. 


Assam. 
Group of Nodularia contradens.) 


Shell inflated, obovate, rhomboid, with a slight swelling at the post 
base, and a well-developed posterior ridge; beaks full and high, the 
sculpture consisting of wavy, zigzag ridges which often extend over 
the shell as somewhat nodulous corrugations; pseudocardinals obliquely 
or vertically striate; laterals curved, cavity of the beaks rather shallow. 


+NODULARIA CONTRADENS Lea. 


*Unio contradens LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 75, pl. xviu, fig. 58; *Obs., II, 
1838, p. 75, pl. Xvi, fig. 58.—* TroscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 237.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 209; Biv. Shells; 1843, p. 209, pl. xxu1, fig. 8.— 
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.57.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. 
Moll , II, 1857, p. 492.—* CHENU, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. xxix, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.— 
* REEVE, Conch. [con., XVI, 1865, pl. Xx1x, fig. 149.—* PmTe., Conch. Sam., 
II, 1890, p. 148. 

* Margarita (Unio) contradens La, Syn., 1838, p. 25. 

* Margaron (Unio) contradens LEA, Syn., 1852, p.39; 1870, p. 46. 

*+ Unio javanus LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 285; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc, VIII, 
1842, p. 220, pl. xvimi, fig. 37; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 58, pl. xvii, fig. 86.—*H. and 
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CuEnu, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. 
XXVUI, figs. 4, 4a, 4b.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 188, pl. xu, fig. 3; 
1861, p. 236, pl. LX XIX, figs. 4,6.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1868, pl. xc, 
fig. 489.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 


Proce. N. M. vol. xxii 52 


o 


818 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


*Margaron (Unio) javanus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30. 

* Unio exilis DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., III., 1846, p. 109.—Mousson, L. und S. W. 
Moll. Java, 1849, p. 92, pl. xv1, fig. 3 Bb 

*Margaron (Unio) exilis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29. 

*Unio mutatus Mousson, L. cama S. W. Moll. Java, 1849, p. $2, pl. xv1, figs. 1, 2; 
Zeits. fiir Mal., VII, 1851, p.46; *H. and A. ApDAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 
GL Dros, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160. 

*Margaron (Unio) mutatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29. 

*Unio mederianus KustER,! Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 242, pl. Lxxx, fig. 7.— 
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 


Java. 
+NODULARIA DIMOTA Lea. 


* Unio sumatreensis, LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 153; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 239, pl. Xxx1v, fig. 118; Ober VII, 1860, p. 57. pl. XxxIv, 
fig, 118.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169. 

* Margaron (Unio) dimotus, Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 30.— * PmTE., Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 150.° 


Sumatra. 
NODULARIA FISCHERIANIA L. Morlet. 


*Unio fischerianus, L. MORLET, Jl. de Conch., XXXT, 1883, p. 109, pl. Iv, fig. 6.— 
* PmTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 


Cambodia. 
+ NODULARIA ANODONTFORMIS Tapperone-Canefri. 


* Unio (Microdontia) anodonteformis TAPPERONE-CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Genov., 
XIX, 1883, p. 295, pl. x1, figs. 3-5. 
* Unio anodonteformis PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144. 


New Guinea. 
+ NODULARIA SACELLUS Drouet and Chaper. 


* Unio sacellus DROUET and CHAPER, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., V, 1892, p. 148, pl. v, 
figs. 4-6; Jl. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 43. : 


Borneo. 
| NODULARIA LUGENS Drouet and Chaper.* 


* Unio lugens DROUET and CHAPER, Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr., V, 1892, p. 147, pl. v, 
figs. 1-3.--* DrovET, Jl. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 44. 


Borneo. 


1Kuster credits this to Mousson, Conch. of Java, p. 92. I know of no such work, 
and the name is not found in Mousson’s L. und Suss. W. Moll. von Java. 

2Changed to this name by Lea because sumatreensis was preoccupied for a Unio by 
Dunker. 

3This species varies much in sculpture, and shows the connection between the 
nearly smooth contradens and the strongly corrugated forms like rusticus and ~ 
dautzenbergi. It is really verysclose to contradens. 

4I am doubtful whether these two are more than varieties of the same thing. 
The N. lugens is darker colored and seems to lack a little tubercle on the hinge, 
which is sometimes present in sacellus. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 819 


+NODULARIA FULVASTER Drouet and Chaper. 
*Unio fulvaster DROUET and CHAPER, Mem. Soc. Zool. de Fr., V, 1892, p. 154, pl. 
VI, figs. 11-13.—*DRovET, Jl. de Conch., XLI, 1893, p. 45. 
Borneo. 
NODULARIA SEMIDECORATA L. Morlet. 
*Unio semidecoratus LL. MorytetT, Jl. de Conch., XXXVII, 1889, p. 192, pl. vin, 
fig. 4. 


River Srakeo, Siam. 


+ NODULARIA RUSTICA Lea. 

*Unio rusticus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 14, 
pl. xxv, fig. 7.—*Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 294, pl. xxv, fig. 7.—*Vvon 
MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 14.—* MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, 
p. 353, pl. xv, fig. 7.—*PTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166. 

* Margaron (Unio) rusticus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. 

* Unio paivanus MORELET, Jl. de Conch., XIII, 1865, p .227. 

* Unio cambojensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XL, fig. 231.—*PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 147. 


Siam; Cambodia. 
tNODULARIA DAUTZENBERGI L. Morlet. 
“ Unio dautzenbergi MORLET, Jl. de Conch., XXXVII, 1889, p. 190, pl. vu, fig. 5. 


River Srakeo, Siam. 
NODULARIA SOBOLUS Fischer. 


* Unio siamensis MORLET, Jl. de Conch., XX XVII, 1889, p. 194, pl. vi, fig. 2. 
* Unio sobolus FISCHER, Bull. Soc. d’ Autun., 1891, p. 227.! 


Siam. 
NODULARIA VERBECKI Bottger. 

* Unio verbecki BOTTGER, Zool. Erg. Nied. Ost. Ind., IV, 1897, p. 89, pl. v, figs. 1, 
2, 4, 5.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171. 

Sumatra. 
tNODULARIA ORIENTALIS Lea.? 

* Unio orientalis LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 285; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1842, p. 221, pl. xvi, fig. 38; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 59, pl. xviu, fig. 38.— 
*H.and A, ADams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.491.—* CuEeNnu, Ill. Conch, 
1858, pl. xx xu, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 241, pl. 


LXXX, fig. 16.—* VON MARTENS, Mal. B1., XIV, 1866, p. 15.—* SowERBY, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, pl. xct, fig. 491.—* P& TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 162. 


1Changed from siamensis to sobolus because the former was preoccupied by Lea. 
Probably an old, smooth rusticus. 

‘I hardly know where to place this, as the only shell I have seen (the type) is 
evidently young, and has the beaks eroded until I can not make out the sculpture. 
It seems most likely to be an elongated, somewhat compressed member of the con- 
tradens group. 


820 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


* Margaron (Unio) orientalis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. 
~ Unio productus Movusson, L. und 8. W. Moll. Java, 1849, p. 93, pl. xvur, figs. 
3-5; Zeits. ftir Mal., VII, 1851, p. 46. - 
* Unio p roductior L#aA, Syn., 1852, p.29.—* VON MARTENS, Mal. Bl., XIV, 1866, p. 
16.—* II. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494. 
Java. 


Section RALPIATULA, Simpson, 
(Type, Unio crispisulcatus Benson. ) 


Shell rather solid, triangular oval, with high beaks which are but 
little inflated, not very full at post base, bluntly pointed behind, the 
beaks and entire surface covered with radiating, occasionally slightly 
zigzag or divaricate ridges which are cut more or less into nodules 
or cancellations by concentric sulcations, the sculpture of the posterior 
slope stronger, and curving upward; pseudocardinals of the left valve 
2 to 3, ragged, the anterior larger, two in the right valve, with a 
parallel sided socket, the larger teeth compressed but rather solid. ! 


+ NODULARIA CRISPISULCATA Benson. 


* Unio crispisulcatus Lea, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 193.—* SowERBY, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLIx, fig. 262.—* HaNLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 
1876, p. 6., pl. x1, fig. 5.—* PmTELn, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 149. 

* Margaron (Unio) crispisulcatus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 31. 


Burma. 
NODULARIA LIMA Simpson. 
* Unio radula BENSON,? in Hanley, Biv. Shells, Supp., 1856, p. 382.—* HANLEY 
and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pl. X, fig. 3.—* PasrEL, Conch. Sam., 


III, 1890, p. 165. 
~ Dysnomia radula ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 42. 


Assam; Cambodia. 
Section CHLATURA Conrad, 1853, 


(Type, Unio egyptiacus Cailliaud. ) 


Shell elliptical, pointed or rounded behind, usually slightly preduced 
at the post base; beak sculpture consisting of zigzag ridges which are 
generally quite pustulous, the sculpture often extending on to the usu- 
ally rayed disk; teeth compressed; pseudocardinals lamellar. 

Animal described under Nodularia. (See page 806.) 


(Group of Nodularia egyptiaca.) 


Characters the same as of the section. 


‘Notwithstanding the considerable difference between this group and all other 
Nodularias there are species such as occatus, which seem to stand between it and the 
ceruleus group, and show the relationship of the two. 

2 The name radula was used by Say for a Unio in 1822. I change Benson’s name as 
above. Iam not positive as to the relationship of this species. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 821 


+NODULARIA AXGYPTIACA Cailliaud. 


* Unio species nuovo Savieny, Icon. Moli. Egypt, 1813, pl. vu, figs. 3-6. 

Unio egyptiaca CAILLIAUD, Voy. a Méroé, II, 1826, pl. LXx1, figs. 6. 7..—* DESHAYEs, 
An. sans Vert., 2d ed., 1835, p.553; ~ Enc. Méth., II, 1830, p. 587.—* Carlow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58. 

* Margarita ( Unio) egyptiacus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 21. 

* Margaron (Umo) egyptiacus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.32; 1870, p. 50. 

* Unio egyptiacus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 198; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 198, pl. xx, 
fig. 56.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 157, pl. xLv, fig.2.—* H. and A. ADAMs, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., IJ, 1857, p. 494.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvI, 
fig. 132.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 179.—* von MARTENS, 
Mal. Bl., XIII, 1866, p. 11.—*Moreert, Moll. Terr. et Fluv. 1868, p. 97.— 
*JICKELI (part) Faun. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 271, pl. x, figs. 1-8.— 
*KOBELT, Icon., new ed., 1886, p. 25, pl. XIV, figs. 262-265. 

“Unio eucyphus BOURGUIGNAT, Rev. et. Mag., IX, 1857, p. 19, pl. 111, figs. 1-3.— 
* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 

*Unio bourguignati LANDRAN, Seance Soc. Sei. Nat. Seine, 1864, p. 5, pl. —, figs. 1-3. 

~ Pharaonia bourguignati ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p. 113. 


Nile system; High Cazamance, West Africa (Vignon); both sides of 
the equator in Central Africa (Dohrn). 


7, NODULARIA NILOTICA Cailliaud. 


Unio nilotica CAILLIAUD, Voy. ’ Méroé, II, 1826, pl. LUNI, figs. 8, 9.—* DESHAYES, 
An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 1835, p.522; * Enc. Méth., II, 1830, p.585.—* CaTLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—* Haniry, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 197; 
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 197, pl. xx1, fig. 39.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 494. —* von MariENs, Mal. Bl., XIII, 1866, p. 13.—* Pare, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.—-* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 180. 

* Margarita (Unio) niloticus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 29; 1838, p. 21. 

* Margaron (Unio) niloticus Lea, Syn., 1852, p.31; 1870, p. 50. 

Unio pumilus ZEIGLER, manuscript, and of authors. 

* Unio parreyssi Putuipri, Conch., III, 1848, p. 81, pl. v, fig. 6.—* JickEri, Faun. 
Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 373. 

* Unio rugifer KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 157, pl. xiv, figs. 3, 4.—* von 
MARTENS, Mal. BI., XIII, 1866, p. 12.—* WrESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 
1890, p. 180. 

* Unio sennaariensis KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 280, pl. xciv, figs. 
5, 6.—* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 

* Unio eneus JICKELI, Faun. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 274, pl. 1x, fig. 2.—* P&E, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144. 

“Unio charbonnieri BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 9.—*Icon. Mal. Tan., 
1888, pl. xx, figs. 1,2.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 147. 

“Unio coulboisi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 12; *Icon. Mal. Tan., 
1888, pl. xx, figs. 3, 4.—* PasTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149. 

*Unio dromauxi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 17; *Icon. Mal. Tan , 
1888, pl. xxu1, figs. 1. 2.—* Pa&TEx, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. 


1 This species is often credited to Ferussac, but I donot know that he ever described 
it. It is considered by many to be the same as Nodularia nilotica, but the compar- 
ison of large series of material and authentie specimens in the Lea collection from 
Cailliaud incline me to separate them. There is, however, great variation in their 


characters, but wgyptiaca is a thinner, more rounded shell than niloticus, and has 
lamellar pseudo-cardinals. 


822 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


NODULARIA NILOTICA var. GERRARDI von Martens. 


*Unio gerrardi VON MARTENS, Besch. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 223, pl. vu, fig. 5. 
Nile system; Lake Tanganyika; Senegal and High Cazamance 
(Vignon). 
NODULARIA BAGDADENSIS Bourguignat.! 


* Unio bagdadensis BoURGUIGNAT, Test. Noy. Saule., 1852, p. 30; *Cat. Rais., 1853, 
p. 78, pl. 1v, figs. 4-6. 
*Margaron (Unio) bagdadensis Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 


Bagdad, on the Tigris River. 
NODULARIA RANDABELI Bourguignat.? 


* Unio randabelt BOURGUIGNAT, Un, and Ir. Tan., 1886, p.22; ~Icon. Mal. Tan., 
1888, pl. xx1, figs. 3, 4.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 165. 


Lake Tanganyika. 
+NODULARIA ESSOENSIS Chaper. 


*Unio essoensis CHAPER, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., X. 1885, p. 481, pl. x1, figs. 8, 9.— 
*P£TEL,Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. : 


Assini, west coast of Africa. 


NODULARIA DECAMPSIANA Wattebled.’ 


* Unio decampsianus WATTEBLED, Jl. de Conch., XXXII, 1884, p. 132, pl. vu, fig. 1.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 
*Unio campsianus P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 


Western Soudan. 


NODULARIA BELLAMYI Jousseaume. 


*Pharaonia bellamyi JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 486, pl. x11, figs. 
Ta, Td. 


Faraba, on the Niger; High Senegal. 


NODULARIA RENEA Jousseaume. 


“Reneus reneus JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 482, pl. xu, figs. 


4a, 4b. 
*Reneus faidherbi JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 483, pl. x11, figs. 


5, 5a. 


Niger at Kayon; Senegal River; High Senegal. 


1 This appears from the figures and description to be a member of the Agyptiaca 
group of Nodularia. It is possible that it came from Asia Minor, but more likely 
that it is an African species. The Unio eucyphus.of Bourguignat, which he credits 
to this region, is believed by Lea to be the U. egyptiacus of Cailliaud, and I agree 
with him. Unio bagdadensis may be merely a peculiar form of the same thing. 

2This may possibly be distinct from N. nilotica, or it may only be an oddly-formed 
specimen. 

3I can not be positive as to the systematic position of this species, but it probably 
belongs here. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 823 


*NODULARIA FOULADOUGOUENSIS Jousseaume. 


*Reneus fouladougouensis JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 485, pl. 
Xl, figs. 6, 6a. 


Fouladougou, Niger; High Senegal. 
+ NODULARIA GABONENSIS Kuster. 


* Unio gabonensis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 291, pl. xcovu, fig. 7.— 
* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153. 
Margaron (Unio) gabonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 47. 


Gaboon River, West Africa. 


+NODULARIA AQUITORIA Morelet. 


* Unio equitorius MORELET, J]. de Conch., XV, 1885, p. 31, pl. 11, fig. 9..\—* Pa: TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 144. 
* Unio landanensis SCHEPMAN, Notes Leyden Mus., VIII, 1891, p. 113, pl. v111, figs. 
3d, 3b. 


Congo drainage. 
NODULARIA HOREI E. A. Smith. 


* Unio horei E. A. SMITH, Ann. and Mag., VI, 1880, p. 429; * Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 
1881, p. 299, pl. xxxtv, fig. 37.—* CrossE, Jl. de Conch., XXXIX, 1881, p. 
133.—* VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 235. 

* Grandidieria horei BOURGNIGNAT, Bull. Soe. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 6. 


Lake Tanganyika. 
NODULARIA BORELLII Ancey. 


* Unio borellii ANCEY, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., VII, 1894, p. 226, fig. 2.—* vON MARTENS, 
Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 227. 


Lake Nyassa and vicinity. 
NODULARIA EMINI von Martens. 
* Unio emint VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 224, pl. vit, fig. 14. 
Victoria Nyanza. 
NODULARIA BOHMI von Martens. 
* Unio bohmi VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 223, pl. vil, fig. 9. 
Lake Tanganyika. 
NODULARIA AMBIFARIA von Martens. 


*Unio ambifarius VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 225, pl. VII, 
fig. 20. 


Dar-es-Ssalam, East Africa. 
NODULARIA LECHAPTOISI Ancey. 


*Unio lechaptoisi ANCEY, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., VII, 1894, p. 228, fig. 3.—* VON 
MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 226. 


Shire River, Lake Nyassa. 


—— = 


1 Doubtfully distinct from gabonensis. 


824 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL XXIL. 


NODULARIA LIEDERI von Martens. 


*Unio liederi VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 226, pl. vu, fig. 19. 

Lake Nyassa. 
NODULARIA CALATHUS Bourgnignat.! 

* Unio calathus BOURGNIGNAT, Esp. Ouk. et Tan., 1885, p. 23. 

Tanganyika. 
NODULARIA BAKOYI Rochebrune. 

*Unio bakoyi ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., 7th ser., VI, 1882, p. 33. 

‘Bakoy, High Senegal. . 


NODULARIA RADIOTA Charmes. 
* Unio radiotus CHARMES, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 166. 
Central Africa. 
NODULARIA JULIANI Rang. 
* Unio juliani RANG, Nouv. Ann. Mus., 1835, p. 309. 
Senegal. 


(Group of Nodularia kunenensis.) 


Shell elliptical, subinflated, solid, narrowly biangulate bebind, the 
point of the shell being about midway up the height, the post-base 
inflated, beaks full, eroded in the specimen figured but no doubt zigzag 
sculptured; whole surface of the shell covered with wavy corrugations; 
epidermis brownish; one rather solid, deeply incised pseudocardinal in 
the right valve, two in the left; nacre yellowish white; muscle scars 
deep. Animal unknown. 


NODULARIA KUNENENSIS Mousson. 


* Unio kunenensis MOUSSON, Jl. de Conch., XXXV, 1887, p. 300, pl. x.1, fig. 10.— 
*SmiTH, Ann. and Mag., VIII, 1891, p. 319. 


Head ot Kunene River, North Ovampo, Southwest Africa. 
Section CAFFERIA Simpson, 1900, 
(Type, Unio caffer Krauss.) 


Shell elongated or elliptical, rhomboid and solid when old; beaks full, 
the scuipture corrugated zigzag, the ridges often extending over the 
disk; epidermis yellowish-brown to nearly black, dull colored, some- 
what suleate; teeth rather strong, muscle scars deep, well defined. 


(Group of Nodularia caffer. Characters as in the section.) 


1This and the following species are unfigured, and are referred by von Martens 
and others to this group. I know nothing of them. I am a little in doubt as to 
the affinities of some of the above-figured species which I have not seen, but they 
are placed here on the excellent authority of von Martens. 


ee a 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON, 825 


t+NODULARIA CAFFER Krauss. 


*Unio caffer Krauss, Sud. Af. Moll., 1848, p. 18, pl. 1, fig. 14.—* Kuster (part), 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 143, pl. xLu, fig. 2.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 
385, pl. xx1, fig. 40.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.— 
*SowERsy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xt, fig 226.—* Smita, Ann. and Mag., 
VIII, 1891, p. 317.!—* P# TEx, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 147. 

* Margaron (Unio) caffer LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 48. 

*2Unio schwerzenbachii BOURGUIGNAT, Rey. et Mag., 1856, p. 71.—* SowERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLiv, fig. 241. 

*+ Unio verreauxianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 94; Obs., VI, 1857, 
p- 21, pl. xxvi, fig. 16; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 301, pl. xxvu, fig. 
16.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXIx, fig. 352,—* PaTEL, Conch, 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 171. 

* Margaron (Unio) verreauxianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36. 

* Unio verreauxt P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171. 

*Unio navigoliformis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1859, p. 152; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 248, pl. xxxvu, fig. 124; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 63, pl. 
XXXVU, fig. 124.—*REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxiv, fig. 114.— 
“PHTrEL, C. Sam., IL], 1890, p. 160. 

* Margaron (Unio) navigoliformis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 31. 

*t Unio natalensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 113; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
VI, 1866, p. 59, pl. xx, fig.57; * Obs., XI, 1867, p. 63, pl. Xx, fig. 57.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., X VI, 1868, pl. LXXx1, fig. 362.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 
160. 

* Margaron (Unio) natalensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 

* Unio rectilinearis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxv, fig. 332.2 


+NODULARIA CAFFER var. AFRICANA Lea. 


* Unio africanus Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 94; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
III, 1857, p. 300, pl. xxvut, fig. 115; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 20, pl. xxvit, fig. 15.— 
*ReEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. x x11, fig. 100. 

* Margaron (Unio) africanus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 48. 

* Unio caffer KUSTER (part), Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 143, pl. XLu, fig. 3. 

* Unio niloticus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 158, pl. XLv, fig. 5. 


+NODULARIA CAFFER var. VAALENSIS Chaper. 


* Unio vaalensis CHAPER, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., X, 1885, p. 480, pl. x1, figs. 1-3.— 
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 171. 


South Africa. 
NODULARIA TRAVERSII Pollonera.’ 
* Unio traversii POLLONERA, Bull. Soc. Mal. It., XIII, 1888, p. 85, pl. 111, figs. 14, 15. 


Hawash River, Shoa, Africa. 


1 According to Smith the above, U. verreauxianus Lea, africanus Lea, natalensis Lea, 
and vaalensis Chaper, are all one species. I think he is right, but it seems to me that 
one or two of these forms are worthy of varietal names. I have seen the types of 
most and anthentic specimens of all of them. 

2Said to come from the Columbia River, but it did not. 

3Possibly a variety of N. caffer. 


826 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIL 


NODULARIA JICKELI Simpson. 
* ?Unio teretiusculus JICKELI,! Faun. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 276, pl. x1, figs. 3, 3a, 
3b. 
Northeast Africa. 


NODULARIA ACUMINATA H. Adams. 


* Unio acuminatus H. ADAMS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 376.—* P TEL, Conch. 
Sain., IIT, 1890, p. 143.—*SmirnH, Ann. and Mag., X, 1892, p. 127, pl. xu, fig. 
12.—* VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 227, pl. vu, figs. 11, 12. 


Lake Albert Nyanza. 


NODULARIA DEMBEZ Reeve. 


“Unio dembew REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxrx, fig. 153.—* JICKELI, 
Faun. Moll. Af., 1874, p. 275, pl. 1x, figs. 3-4.—* ROSSMASSLER, Bull. Soe. 
Mal. It., XIII, 1888, p. 84.—* P& TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 


Abyssinia. 
NODULARIA LOURDELLI Bourguignat. 


*Unio lourdelli BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., IV, 1887, p. 271.—* SmitTH, Ann. 
and Mag., X, 1892, p. 128, pl. x11, figs. 13-15.—* VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. 
Ost-Af., 1897, p. 228. 


Victoria Nyanza Lake. 
NODULARIA ABYSSINICA von Martens. 


“Unio abyssinicus VON MARTENS, Mal. B1., XIIL, 1866, p. 102; * XIV, 1867, p. 17.— 
*JICKELI, Faun. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 278, pl. 1x, fig. 5; x, fig. 10.— 
* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., IIL, 1890, p. 143. 

Abyssinia. 
NODULARIA DIMINUTA Lea. 

* Unio diminutis Lea,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859 p. 151; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
1860, p. 254, pl. xxx1x, fig. 1384; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 72, pl. xxx1x, fig. 134.— 
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx vu, fig. 141.—* JicKELI, Faun. Moll. 
Af., 1874, p. 280.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 

* Margaron (Unio) diminutus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. 

~ Unio gratiosus P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154. 


East Africa. 
The following untfigured species are said to belong here: 


* Unio mandinguorum ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., 7th ser., VI, 1882, p. 34. 
Bakoy, High Senegal. 

* Unio zeyheri MENKE, Zeits. fiir Mal., VI, 1848, p. 28. 
South Africa. 


‘Not teretiusculus Philippi, but a larger elongate solid rhomboid form, which is 
certainly distinct. I therefore name it in honor of Jickeli. 

2So in the first published description, probably a typographical error. I am not 
certain as to the relationships of the species, but presume that it belongs here. 


~~ 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 827 


(Group of Nodularia fissidens.) 


Shell solid, compressed, subelliptical to subrhomboid, with rather 
full beaks, which have radiate, corrugated sculpture extending out on 
the disk as wavy sulcations, and changing near the edge to plain 
suleations; posterior ridge low, rounded; hinge strong; right valve 
with two pseudocardinals, the lower the larger, showing a tendency to 
split up, and having a gape in the plate behind, and having one lateral; 
two pseudocardinals in the left, somewhat split, and two laterals; 
muscle scars deep, distinct. 


NODULARIA FISSIDENS Bottger. 
* Unio ( Hyridella) fissidens BOTTGER, Ber. Senck. Ges., 1886, p. 27, pl. 11, figs. 6ab,7ab. 

Kalahari Desert. Southwest Africa. 

NODULARIA HYGAPANUS Battger. 
*Unio (Hyridella) hygapanus BOTTGER, Ber. Senck. Ges., 1886, p. 26, pl. 11, fig. 6. 

Kalahari Desert. Iam not certain as to the relationships of these two 
species. 

Genus HARMANDIA Rochebrune, 1882. 
(Type, Harmandia somboriensis Rochebrune. ) 
Harmandia ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 45. 

Shell subtrapezoidal, subalate, rather thin, posteriorly compressed, 
with low beaks and irregularly radial sculpture, a few of the ribs con- 
verging at the center of the disk, the rest becoming divaricate and 
covering the shell, those of the posterior slope springing from the rib 
on the low, posterior ridge; epidermis gray green; left valve with two 
arcuate, compressed, elongate pseudocardinals in front and a triangular 
cardinal under the beak, the right with two pseudocardinals in front 
and a pit under the beak; there are two nearly straight lamellar laterals 
in each valve, and a small, up-curved lamella above them near their 
posterior ends; anterior muscle scars deep; nacre white, brilliant, show- 


ing the outside sculpture. 
Animal unknown. 


HARMANDIA SOMBORIENSIS Rochebrune. 


* Harmandia somboriensis ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 46, pl. 1, figs. 
1-3.. = 


Rapids of Sombor sombor, Mekong. 


Genus GRANDIDIERIA Bourguignat, 1885. 
(Type, Unio burtoni Woodward. ) 
Grandidieria BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 6. 


Shell small, oval, rounded or rhomboid, solid, much inflated, generally 
narrowly biangulate behind, often apparently of two forms, one more 


828 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


inflated in the basal and post-basal parts than the other; beaks high, 
and pointed, curved forward and inward, very delicately and beauti- 
fully sculptured with zigzag lire, which become finely nodulous and 
sulcate on the disk, especially in front and behind; posterior ridge well 
developed, often slightly double; hinge line curved; two pseudocardi- 
nals in the right valve separated by a parallel-sided socket, one or 
two in the left, with often an irregular, triangular, ragged tooth under 
the beak which is frequently reflexed; one obliquely striate lateral in 
the right valve and twoin the left; nacre of peculiarly soft, rich texture, 
white, coppery, or purplish, delicately radiate; beak cavities moderate; 
muscle sears distinet.! 


+GRANDIDIERIA BURTONI Woodward. 


“Unio burtont WOODWARD, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, p. 348, pl. xivu, fig. 2; 
*Ann. and Mag., V, 1860, p. 338.—*SoweErBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. 
XLVH, fig. 251.—* Smiru, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 297, pl. xxxrv, figs. 
33, 83b.—* VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 237. 

* Margaron (Unio) burtont LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. 

* Grandidieria burtoni BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 6. 

* Grandidieria cyrenopsis BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 
7-9; *Teon. Mal. Tan., 1888, pl. x1X, figs. 1-3. 


GRANDIDIERIA BURTONI var. SERVAINIANA Bourguignat. 


* Grandidieria servainiana BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 6. 
_* Unio burtoni var. servainiana VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 238. 


GRANDIDIERIA BURTONI var. INSIGNIS Bourguignat. 


* Grandidieria insignis BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk. Tan., 1885, p. 16. 
*Unio burtoni var. insignis VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 238. 


GRANDIDIERIA BURTONI var. STURANYI von Martens. 


Grandidieria STURANY, Baumann, Durch Massailand, 1894, p. 6, pl. xxIv, fig. 81; 
XOXGV AULD 
Unio burtoni var. sturanyi VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 288. 


Lake Tanganyika. 
+GRANDIDIERIA TANGANYICENSIS Smith. 


“Unio tanganyicensis SMITH, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1880, p. 351, pl. xx x1, p. 9, 9a; 
*Proc. Zool, Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 298, pl. Xxxxrv, fig. 35.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. 
Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 169.—* von MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 240. 

* Grandidieria tanganikana BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soe. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 7. 


Lake Tanganyika. 


1Bourzuignat, by a most brilliant stroke, placed this group in the Corbiculide, 
and stated that he knew twenty-five species, and had no doubt that there would be 
at least one Jiundred when a thorough search is made. The group is an exceedingly 
difficult and variable one, and, judging from the large number of species he has 
founded on the most trivial variations, we may consider it exceedingly fortunate that 
he never saw the other seventy-five. I have seen but a limited amount of material, 
but I am led to believe that two forms of the same species often exist, as in Lamp-~ 
silis and allied genera, and which may be inale and female shells. I know nothing 
of the animal and Iam unable to do justice to the genus. : 


a ae 


, mn 
— 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DES—SIMPSON. 829 


+GRANDIDIERIA SMITHI Bourguignat. 


*Unio burtont SMITH (part), Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, pl. XXxIv, fig. 33a. 
* Grandidieria smithi BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 7. 
* Unio burtoni var. smithti VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 238. 
Lake Tanganyika. 
GRANDIDIERIA GRAVIDA Bourguignat. 
*Grandidieria gravida BoURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p.7, pl. 1, figs. 
1-6; *Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p, 41, pl. xv111, figs. 11-16. 
* Grandidieria rostrata BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., 11, 1885, p. 10, pl.1, figs. 
10-12; *Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 41, pl. xvu11, figs. 17-19. 
*Unio rostralis VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 238. 
Lake Tanganyika. 
+GRANDIDIERIA THOMSONI Smrh. 


* Unio thomsoni SmirH, Ann. and Mag., VI, 1880, p. 480; * Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 
1881, p. 299, pl. Xxxrv, fig. 36.—* CrossE, Jl. de Conch., XXIV, 1881, p. 133.— 
*VoNn MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 240. 

* Grandidieria thomsoni BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., I, 1885, p. 7; * Moll. 
Gir. Tan., 1885, p. 100. 

* Grandidieria corbicula BOURGUIGNAT, Not. Prod., 1885, p. 100; *Moll. Gir. Tan., 
1885, p. 100; *Tcon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 43, pl. xrx, figs. 10-12. 

* Grandidieria granulosa BOURGUIGNAT, Not. Prod., 1885, p. 102; *Icon. Moll. Tan., 
1888, p. 43, pl. xix, figs. 1, 2. 

*“Grandidieria singularis BOURGUIGNAT, Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 43, pl. X1x, figs. 
18-20, 

Lake Tanganyika. 
GRANDIDIERIA RHYNCHONELLA Bourgingnat. 


*Grandidieria rhynchonella BOURGUIGNAT, Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 43, pl. XIX, figs. 
es 16, 17. 


Lake Tanganyika. 
GRANDIDIERIA CALLISTA Bourg ngnat. 


*Grandidieria callista BOURGUIGNAT, Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 43, pl. x1x, figs. 
13-15.! 


Lake Tanganyika. 
GRANDIDIERIA BOURGUIGNATI Joubert. 


* Grandidieria bourguignatt JOUBERT in Bourguignat, Icon. Moll. Tan., 1888, p. 43, 
pl. XIX, figs. 7-9. 


Lake Tanganyika. 
GRANDIDIERIA ANCEYI Bourguignat. 


* Unio burtoni SmirH, (part) Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 297, pl. XXXIV, fig. 38a. 
*Grandidieria anceyi BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk. et-Tan., 1885, p. 15; Moll. Tan., 
1888, p. 43, pl. xix, figs. 4-6.2 


Lake Tanganyika. 


' Probably a strangely distorted form of some other species. 
27 am satisfied that Smith’s figure 33a is not burloni, but a valid species—G. anceyi 
Bourguignat.. 


830 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


The following are unfigured species of Grandidieria: 


G. rotundata Bourguignat, Not. Prod., 1885, p. 98. 
7. mira Bourguignat, Not. Prod., 1885, p. 96. 

G. locardiana Bourguignat, Esp. Ouk., 1885, p. 18. 
+. incarnata Bourguignat, Moll. Gir., 1885, p. 101. 
G. giraudi Bourguignat, Not. Prod., 1885, p. 95. 

G. elongata Bourguignat, Moll. Gir., 1885, p. 14. 


Genus PHYSUNIO, Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio gravidus Lea. ) 


Shell thin, irregularly obovate, narrowed in front, decidedly produced 
at post base, pointed behind and -posteriorly winged, with a moderate 
posterior ridge and often a second or third faint ridge above it; beak 
sculpture zigzag radial, somewhat disposed in two sets, the one down 
the posterior ridge slightly nodulous; posterior slope having irregular 
radial corrugations, the rest of the shell smooth; epidermis often cloth- 
like, with one or more green rays on the posterior slope; hinge line 
curved; a single obliquely granularly striate pseudocardinal and gen- 
erally three laterals in the left valve, and two pseudocardinals and two 
laterals in the right, all greatly compressed; beak cavities deep; mus- 
cle scars irregular; nacre bright, bluish, and iridescent. 

Animal unknown. 

Section PHYSUNIO Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio gravidus Lea.) 
Shell inflated; beak cavities deep and rounded. 


+ PHYSUNIO GRAVIDUS Lea. 


* Unio gravidus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93; Obs., VI, 1857, p. 12, pl. 
XXIV, fig. 5; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Dl, 1858; p. 2925 pl. xxiv, igo. 
*von MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 14.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1866, pl. Li, fig. 271.—* More et, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 347.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 154. 

* Margaron (Unio) gravidus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28. 

* Lampsilis gravidus ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 43. 

* Unio abnormis MORELET, Rey. et Mag., XIV, 1862, p. 480. 

“Unio superbus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, p. LIX, fig. 295. 


Siam; Cambodia; Cochin China. 
+PHYSUNIO SUPERBUS Lea. 


* Unio superbus LEA, Desc. 12 New Uniones, 1843 (no pagination); Tr. Am. Phil. 
Soc., IX, 1845, p. 281, pl. xu, fig. 11; Obs., IV, 1848, p. 39, pl. xi, fig. 11.— 
H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 498.—* VON MARTENS, Mal. 
B1., XIV, 1866, p. 14.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169. 

*Margaron (Unio) superbus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 28. 

* Unio velaris HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 385, pl. xxl, fig. 42.! 

*Unio massini MORELET, J]. de Conch., XII, 1864, p. 288; Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, 
p. 348, pl. xv, figs. 1, 3.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 


Sumatra; Cochin China. 


1 Credited to Benson manuscript. 


3 ai 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 831 


PHYSUNIO CROSSEI Deshayes and Julien. 


*Unio crossei DESHAYES and JULIEN, N. Arch, Mus., X, 1874, p. 124, pl. v1, figs. 
5-7.—* P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149. 


Cambodia; Cochin China. 
+PHYSUNIO MICROPTERUS Morelet. 
*Unio micropterus MORELET, Jl. de Conch., XIV, 1866, p. 63; Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, 


p. 349, pl. xv, fig. 7.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., HI, 1890, p. 158. 
Siam; Cambodia. 


PHYSUNIO SEMIALATUS Deshayes and Julien. 


*Unio semialatus DESHAYES and JULIEN, N. Arch. Mus., X, 1874, p. 123, pl. v1, figs. 
1, 2.) 


Siam; Cambodia. 
tPHYSUNIO CAMBODIENSIS Lea.? 


* Unio cambodiensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 103; Jl. Acad. 


N. Sci. Phil., III, 1857, p. 318, pl. xxx, fig. 28; Obs., VI, 1857, p. 33, pl. xxx, 
fig. 28. 


* Margaron (Unio) cambodiensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 42. 


Takrong River at Korat, Cambodia. 


Section LENS Simpson, 1900. 
“ (Type, Unio eximius Lea. ) 


Shell sublenticular; three laterals of left valve distinct; cavity of the 
beaks compressed. 


t PHYSUNIO EXIMIUS Lea. 


* Unio eximius LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93; Obs., VI, 1857, 
p. 14, pl. xxv, fig. 8; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 294, pl. xxv, fig. 8.— 
* VON MARTENS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p. 15.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1868, pl. LXXxIX, fig. 481.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 152. 

* Margaron (Unio) eximius LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28. 

Unio semiquadrata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xLvilII, fig. 258. 

~ Unio semiquadratus P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 


Siam; Cambodia. 


PHYSUNIO VELARIS Sowerby. 


* Unio velaris SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxi, fig. 368.3—* P@TEL, 
Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 171. 


Assam. 


‘Fischer believes that the above equals U. micropterus Morelet (Cat., p. 142). I 
feel sure he is wrong, and that this is a valid species. 


27 have only seen the type of this, a very young shell, but it probably belongs to 
the gravidus group. 


*A compressed shell of a uniform yellow color, probably only a variety of eximius. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


CO 
SS) 
bo 


Genus DALLIELLA Simpson 1900. 


(Type Anodonta purpurea Valenciennes.') 


Shell subtrapezoidal, generally thin, inflated, with a low, rounded 
posterior ridge and rather full beaks which have somewhat zigzagged 
radial sculpture, with a row of chevron-shaped folds running some dis- 
tance down the posterior ridge, and with fine corrugations in front of 
the beaks; epidermis somewhat cloth-like; substance of the shell of a 
peculiar purplish-brown tint; hinge line narrow; teeth imperfect] 
developed, sometimes reduced to mere rudiments, when present con- 
sisting of greatly compressed, feeble, pseudocardinals and laterals; 
beak cavities rather shallow; dorsal scars one to a few, scattered; 
muscle scars faint; prismatic border wide. 

Animal unknown. 


(Group of Dalliella purpurea.) 


Shell not biangulate behind, rather smooth; nacre coppery purple; 
teeth very faint, compressed. 


“I DALLIELLA PURPUREA Valenciennes. 


* dnodonta purpurea VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool., IT, 1833, p. 236, pl. XLvuI 
bis, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218.—* H. and A. ADAMS, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* vON MARTENS, Mal. BI., XIV, 1866, p. 12.— 
*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 77, pl. x1x, fig. 1.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 183. 

*Margarita (Anodonta) purpurea LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 51; 1838, p. 30. 

* Anodon purpurea CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) purpurea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 79. 

*+ Anodonta burroughiana, Lra, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 105, pl. xv1, fig. 495 
* Obs., I, 1834, p. 217, pl. x v1, fig. 49.—* CLEsSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 164, 
pl. Lrv, figs. 3, 4.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) burroughana, LA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 

* Anodon burroughianus, SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxvu, fig. 103. 

*+ Margarita (Unio) bengalensis Lra, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20. 

* Unio bengalensis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 3; * Obs., II, 
1838, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 3.—* TroscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, pl. m1, p. 233.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 194; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 194, pl. xx1, fig. 
50.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* H. and A. ADAMS, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 493. —* CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. x x1J, figs. 2, 2a, 
2b.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 228, pl. LXXx vu, figs. 2, 3.—* PATEL, 
Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 146. 

* Margaron ( Unio) bengalensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 47. 

* dnodon bengalensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xiv, fig. 49. 

* Anodonta bengalensis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 173, pl. Lv, fig. 1.— 
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177. ; 

*+ Unio verecundus GOULD, Pr. Bost. 8. N. Hist., III, 1850, p. 295; *U. S. Expl. 
Exp., XII, 1852, p. 431, figs. 541, 541a, 541b, 541¢; *Otia Conch., 1862, p. 89.— 


18ome of the species placed here have been classed with dnodonta, but almost any 
large series of specimens of any species will show variation from edentulous to 
toothed forms. 


Se 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 833 


*REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxv, fig. 125.—* PaTeL, Conch, Sam., 
UDI, USO. yo. WAL, 

* Unio mauritianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 152; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 257, pl. Xu, fig. 188; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 75, pl. x1, fig. 138, 

* Margaron (Unio) mauritianus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 42. 

*? Anodonta heldii KusTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 64, pl. XIX, fig. 1. 

Anodonta chinensis KUSTER? Where? 


Philippines. The localities India and Mauritius given for this 
species are no doubt erroneous. 


+ DALLIELLA CREPERA Lea. Z 


* dnodonta crepera LEA, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850, p. 198; *Ann. and Mag., VIII, 
1851, p. 494.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.502.—* Lea, JI. 
Ac.N. Sei. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 238, pl. LXxxrv, fig. 117; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 56, 
pl. xxxtv, fig. 117.—*CrxEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 97, pl. XXIX, figs, 
5, 6.—* Pxret, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178. 

*? Anodon creperus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, No. 16. 

Margaron (Anodonta) crepera L¥a, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 80. 


Luzon Island, Philippines. 


+DALLIELLA TENUIS Lea. 


* Anodonta tenuis Lea, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850, p. 198; *Ann. and Mag., VIII, 
1851, p. 494; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 237, pl. xxx111, fig. 116; * Obs., 
VII, 1860, p. 55, pi. xxxm1, fig. 116.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 503.—* MusGRAVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 1, fig. 8.—* CLEssIN, Conch. 
Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 99, pl. xxx, figs. 3, 4.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 185. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) tenuis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.53; 1870, p. 83. 

*Anodon tenuis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. xv, fig. 55. 


Luzon island, Philippines. 
+ DALLIELLA SUBCRASSA Lea. 


“Anodonta subcrassa LEA, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850, p. 198; *Ann. and Mag., VIII, 
1851, p. 495; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 236, pl. xx xutt, fig. 115; *Obs., 
VIII, 1860, p. 54, pl. xxx, fig. 115.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 503.—* MusGrAVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 1, fig. 3.—* CLEsstn, Conch. 
Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 98, pl. xxx1, figs. 1, 2.—*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 185. : 

* Margaron (Anodonta) subcrassa LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81. 

*dnodon subcrassa SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x11, fig. 42. 


Luzon. 


+ DALLIELLA GRACILIS Lea. 


“Anodonta gracilis Lua, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850, p. 197; *Ann. and Mag., VIII, 
1851, p. 193; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 239, pl. xx xiv, fig. 119; *Obs., 
VII, 1860, p.57, pl. xxxIv, fig. 119.—* H. and A. ApaAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 503.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 99, pl. xxIx, figs. 3, 4.— 
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) gracilis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82. 


Dingle, Isle of Panay, Philippines. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 53 


834 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


DALLIELLA SERRADELLI Drouet. 


*Unio serradelli DRoUET, J]. de Conch., XL, 1892, p. 86. 


Philippines. 
(Group of Dalliella insularis.) 


Shell subsolid, subrhomboidal biangulate behind, pseudocardinals 
and laterals blurred, not greatly compressed; nacre lurid, tinged 
purplish. 


+DALLIELLA INSULARIS Drouet. 
* Pseudodon insularis DROUET, Rey. Biol. Fr., V1, 1894, p. 217, fig. 2. 


Borneo; Palawan Island, Philippines. 
+DALLIELLA CRASSA Drouet. 


* Pseudodon crassus DROUBT, Jl. de Conch., XL, 1892, p.93.—*DROUET and CHAPER, 
Mém. Soc. Zool. de Fr., V, 1892, p.151, pl. v1, figs. 1-3. 
Borneo. 
The following is an unfigured species. 


* Unio semmelinki VON MARTENS, Sitzber. Ges. Nat. Fr. Ber., 1891, p. 111. 


Southeast Borneo. Possibly a Dalliella. 


Genus PSEUDODON Gould, 1844. 
(Type, Anodon salwiniana Gould.) 


Pseudodon GouLD, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. His., 1844, p. 161. 
Monodontina Conrad, Pr. Ac. N. Sei, Phila., 1853, p. 269. 
Trigonodon CONRAD, Am. J1. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. 
Monocondylus MORELET, Rey. et Mag., 1866, p. 167. 
Pseudodus DE MORGAN, Bull. Soe. Zool. Fr., X, 1885, p. 422. 

Shell oval to elongate, having two posterior ridges and often one or 
two slight, radiating elevations above on the posterior slope, above 
which there is usually a small wing; beaks rather low, sculpture 
unknown;! epidermis dark, often having a few faint wrinkles on the 
posterior slope, without rays when adult. There is a single, smooth 
tooth in each valve, with occasional vestiges of a second; laterals 
nearly or quite wanting; beak cavities shallow; dorsal scars conspicu- 
ous, deep, distinct, 4 to 7 in a rowunder the hinge; anterior scars irreg- 
ular; nacre generally dull and lurid. 

Animal? having the branchiz wide and rounded behind, becoming 


1One or two authors in describing species say that the beaks are entirely smooth. 
It is probable that in most cases they have zigzag radial sculpture. Although I 
have examined a large number of shells belonging to the group, many of which were 
young, they were all so badly eroded that the beak sculpture was entirely destroyed. 

2Deshayes and Julien figure but do not describe the animal of P. moreleti in Nouv. 
Arch. de Mus., X, pl. v. Iam only able to make out part of the characters from this 
really excellent figure. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 835 


narrow in front; palpi enormously long, apparently slender, pointed 
behind, where they project free for some distance; mantle thin, with a 
wide, slightly thickened border, faintly papillose behind, there seeming 
to be but little distinction between anal and branchial openings; anal 
opening apparently smooth. 


Section SUBORBICULUS Simpson, 1900, 


(Type, Monocondylus orbicularis Morelet. } 


Sheli compressed, nearly round in outline, feebly biangulate, and hay- 
ing a posterior dorsal wing; beaks low; hinge with a single, com- 
pressed, smooth, slightly curved, triangular tooth in each valve. 


PSEUDODON ORBICULARIS Morelet. 


* Monocondylus orbicularis MORELET, Rey. et Mag., XVIII, 1866, p. 167. 
* Pseudodon orbicularis MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 338, pl. xv1, fig. 5. 
* Monocondylea orbicularis Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 


Siam; Cambodia. 


Section TRIGONODON Conrad, 1865, 


Shell solid, compressed, rhomboid, round in front, widely and faintly 
biangulate and rough behind; surface irregularly concentrically wavy 
suleate; hinge with a strong triangular pseudocardinal in the right 
valve, having a decided excavation behind it, and at the posterior side 
of the pit a faint tooth; there is one strong triangular tooth in the left 
valve and a vestige of one in front of it at the upper edge of the shell; 
anterior scars irregular; dorsal scars crowded close to the hinge line. 


(Type, Monocondylea crebristriata Anthony.) 
tPSEUDODON CREBRISTRIATUS Anthony. 


* Monocondylea crebristriata ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 205, pl. xvi, 
fig. 1.—* PHZTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 

* Trigonodon crebristriata CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. 

* Margaron (Monocondylwa) crebristriata LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 72. 

* Unio crebristriatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcv, fig. 517. 

* Pseudodon crebristriatum HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p.5, pl. rx, 
fig. 3. 

* Unio vondembuschtti SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcv, fig. 518. 


{| PSEUDODON CREBRISTRIATUS var. PEGUENSIS Anthony. ! 


*Monocondylaa peguensis ANTHONY, Am. JI. Conch., I, 1865, p. 205, pl. xvi1u, fig. 
2.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 174. 

* Margaron (Monocondylwa) peguensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 73. 

*Pseudodon crebristriatum var. peguensis HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 
1876, p. 5, pl. Ix, fig. 5. 


Burma; Pegu; Cambodia?. 


‘Typically quite different from P. crebristriatus, but our large series seems to show 
an almost complete connection. 


836 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


Section PSEUDODON Gould, 1844, 


(Type, Anodon Salwimana Gould.) 
Characters given under generic name. 
(Group of Pseudodon harmandi.) 


Shell rather small, solid, rhomboid, short, inflated; posterior ridge 
high, only slightly biangulate, faintly corrugated, on the posterior 
Slope. 

+ PSEUDODON HARMANDI Crosse and Fischer. 


* Pseudodon harmandi CROSSE and FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXIV, 1876, p. 331, pl. 
dE 4 aly 2p 
* Monocondylea harmandi P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 


Cambodia. 
PSEUDODON AUREUS Heude. 


* Pseudodon aureus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., IX, 1885, pl. Lx x11, fig. 140. 
* Margaritana aurea P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172. 


China. 
(Group of Pseudodon vondembuschianus. ) 


Shell rather large, somewhat compressed, subsolid, elliptic-rhomboid, 
wider behind, where it is widely biangulate; teeth compressed. 


+t PSEUDODON VONDEMBUSCHIANUS Lea. 


* Margaritana vondembuschiana LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., I, 1840, p. 288; *Tr. Am. 
Phil. Soc., VIII, 1842, p. 222, pl. xvii, fig.39; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 60, pl. 
xvi, fig. 39.—* KusrEer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 295, pl. xcv1n, fig. 3. 

* Margaron (Monocondylwa) vondembuschiana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 45; 1870, p. 73. 

* Monocondylea vondembuschiana H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1858, p. 
501.—* Pre, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. 

* Pseudodon vondembuschiana CONRAD, Am.J1. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. 

* Monodontina buschiana CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, pp. 269, 449. 

*Unio von buschea SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. LI, fig. 269. 

* Alasmodonta crispata Mousson, L. and Suss. W. Moll. Java, 1849, p. 97, pl. xvi, 
figs. 1, 2. 

* Margaritana crispata P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. 

t *Monocondylwa planulata Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XI, 1859, p.187; *Jl. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 262, pl. xu, fig. 142; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 80, -pl. 
XLU, fig. 142.—*? KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 305, pl. c, fig. 8. 

* Pseudodon planulata CONRAD, Am. J1.Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. 

* Microcondylea planulata P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. 

* Margaron (Monocondylea) planulata LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 73. 

* Margaritana fragilis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 295, pl. xcvi1, fig. 2. 

* Microcondylea fragilis PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. 

* Monocondylwa rhombica KuSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 304, pl. c, fig. 7. 


Java; Sumatra; Borneo; Malacca. 
tPSEUDODON ELLIPTICUM Conrad. 
* Pseudodon ellipticwm CONRAD, Am. J1. Conch., I, 1865, p. 352, pl. xxv, fig. 1. 


Cambodia. 


‘No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 837 


+ PSEUDODON ZOLLINGERI Mousson. 


* 4lasmodonta zollingeri Mousson, L. and Suss. Moll. Java, 1849, p. 96, pl. xvii, 
fig. 1. 

* Margaritana zollingert KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 294, pl. xcviut, fig. 1- 

* Pseudodon zollingeri MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 337. 

* Monocondylwa zollingeri P#&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 


Java. 


+tPSEUDODON INOSCULARIS Gould. 


* Anodon inoscularis GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H., I, 1844, p. 160.\—* Haniry and 
THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pl. 1x, fig. 2. 

*Margaron (Monocondylea) inoscularis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 73. 

* Margaritana inoscularis P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 


River Salwen, British Burma. 
tPSEUDODON CUMINGII Lea. 


* Anodonta cumingii La, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1850, p.199; “Ann. and Mag., VIII, 
1851, p. 495.—*H. and A. ApaMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* MUSGRAVE, 
Phot. Conch., 1863, pl.1, fig. 6.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178. 

*Margaron (Monocondylea) cumingit LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 73. 

* Monocondylwa cumingii LEA, J]. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1V, 1860, p. 235, pl. xx x11, fig. 
114; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 53, pl. xx x11, fig. 114. 

*Pseudodon cumingii CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. 

*Anodon cumingii REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. XxX1, fig. 122. 

* Microcondylea cumingii CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 259, pl. LXxx1u1, figs. 
3, 4.—* PeTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. 

* Pseudodus cumingii DE MORGAN, Bull. Soe. Zool. de Fr., X, 1885, p. 422. 


Malacca; Perak; Siam; Cambodia. 


tPSEUDODON AZNEOLUS Drouet. 


* Pseudodon wneolus DROUET, Jl. deConch., XL, 1892, p. 94.—* DROUETand CHAPER, 
Mem. Soc. Zool. de Fr., V, 1892, p. 152, pl. vi, figs. 4-7. 


Borneo. 


tPSEUDODON TUMIDUS Morelet. 


* Monocondylus tumidus MORELET, Jl. deConch., XIV, 1866, p62." MABILLE, Rev. 
Zool., XXIII, 1872, p. 51, pl. v, figs. 6, 7. 
* Pseudodon tumidus MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 337, pl. xvi, fig. 1. 


Siam; Cambodia. 


PSEUDODON OVALIS Morlet. 


* Pseudodon ovalis Mor-er, Jl. de Conch., XX XVII, 1889, p. 197, pl. vil, fig 3. 
Srakeo River, Sian. 


1Gould did not figure this, but the figure in the Conchologia Indica accurately 
represents his species, judging from a cotype in Lea’s collection, sent him by Dr. 
Gould. A number of these Psendodons are very close, and it is quite probable that 
some of them must be united when sufficient material is studied. 


838 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX, 


PSEUDODON THOMSONI Morlet. 


* Pseudodon thomsoni MORLET, Jl. de Conch., XXXII, 1884, p.401, pl. x11, figs. 
2, 2a. 
y) 


a 


* Margaritana thomsoni P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 
Cambodia. 
+tPSEUDODON SALWENIANUS Gould. 


* Anodon salwenianad GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., I, 1844, p. 160. 

* Anodonta salweniana GOULD, Otia Conch., 1862, p. 193. 

* Pseudodon salweniana CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 238. 

* Monocondylaa salweniana P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 

* Unio salwenianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI., 1868, pl. xcIv, fig. 513. 

* Margaron (Monocondylea) salweniana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 72. 

* Pseudodon salwenianum HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 5, pl. rx, 
fig. 4. ; 

* Unio salwenianus P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166. 


River Salwen, British Burma. 


+PSEUDODON MORELETI Crosse and Fischer. 


* Monocondylaa tumida DESHAYES and JULLIEN, Nouy. Arch. de Mus., X, 1874, 
p. 117, pl. v, figs. 1-3.} 
*Pseudodon moreleti CROSSE and FiscHER, Jl. de Conch., XX V, 1876, p. 330. 
Cainbodia. 
+PSEUDODON CAMBODJENSIS Petit. 


* Monocondylea cambodjensis PETIT, Jl. de Conch., VI, 1865, p. 1." P2TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 

* Margaron (Monocondylea) cambodjensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 72. 

* Pseudodon cambodjensis CONRAD, Am. J]. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233.—*MoRteE?, J. de 
Conch., XXXII, 1866, p. 266. 


Cambodia; Tonkin. 


PSEUDODON CHAPERI de Morgan. 


* Pseudodus chaperi DE MORGAN, Bull. Soc. Zool. de Fr., X, 1885, p. 423, pl. 1x, 
figs. 1, 2. 
Cambodia; Sian. 
The following species is unfigured: 


PSEUDODON NICOBARICUS Méorch. 


Alasmodonta (subg.?) nicobarica MOrcH, JI. de Conch., XX, 1872, p. 327.2 


Nicobar Islands. 


1 This fine, large shell which Deshayes and Jullien supposed to be P. tumidus of 
Morelet is quite a different thing, and Crosse and Fischer have given it a new name. 

2Morch describes the above under the name Alasmodonta (subgenus?) nicobarica, 
and credits it to Fabricius. The Mytilus nicobaricus of the latter was only a nomen 
nudum. Morch says his species is close to Anodonta zollingeri. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. §39 


Section BINEURUS Simpson, 1900. 


Shell elongate rhomboid, thin, rounded in front, widely and feebly 
biangulate behind, having two or more raised radiating lines on the 
posterior slope, which is somewhat obliquely wrinkled; beaks low; sur- 
face finely, irregularly, concentrically grooved; epidermis olive; teeth 
smooth, compressed; nacre bluish. Animal unknown. 


(Type, Monocondylewa mouhoti Lea.) 
+PSEUDODON MOUHOTI Lea. 


* Monocondylea mouhoti Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 190. . 

* Pseudodon manhotti CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 233. 

* Monocondylaa mouhotiana LEA, J], Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 65, pl. xx1, 
fig. 62; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 69, pl. x x1, fig. 62.—* Clessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 
1876, p. 261, pl. LXxx11, figs. 1, 2,—* PmTEeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 175. 

* Margaron (monocondylwa) mouhotiana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 73. 

* Unio mouhotianus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcu, fig. 503. 

* Pseudodon mouhotianus MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 339. 


Cambodia; Siam. 
PSEUDODON EXILIS Morelet. 
* Monocondylus exilis MORELET, JI. de Conch., XIV, 1866, p. 63. 
* Pseudodon exilis MORELET, Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 340, pl. xvii, fig. 1. 
Perak. 
PSEUDODON AVA Theobald. 
* Monocondylea uva THEOBALD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XLII, Pt. 2, 1873, p. 209, pl. 
WAWAGG, Tye, Ilse! 
Mandelay, Burma. 
Section NASUS Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Pseudodon nankingensis Heude. ) 

Shell somewhat solid, rather inflated, much elongated, with a well- 
developed posterior ridge, with a low, faint one above it, bluntly pointed 
at post-basal part; beaks not high, eroded in the specimens seen; epi- 
dermis dark; teeth compressed, high.’ 

Animal unknown. 


tPSEUDODON NANKINGENSIS Heude. 


* Monocondylea nankingensis HkupDs, Jl. de Conch., XXII, 1874, p. 116; Conch. 
Fluv. Nank., I, 1875, pl. rv, fig. 9. 
* Monocondylea nankingensis P ®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 


Rivers of Nankin. 


1T am not certain that this belongs in this group. 

2T have seen only a single shell of each of the two species of this group, both very 
badly eroded and decayed, so that I can not give the characters accurately. The 
animals may show that they are not closely related to the ordinary Pseudodons. 


840 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL 


+PSEUDODON SECUNDUS Heude. 


* Pseudodon secundus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xvi, fig. 38. 
Unio secundus P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 


River How, China. 
Section OBOVALIS Simpson, 1900. 


(Type, Pseudodon loomisi Simpson.) 


Shell obovate subinflated, with a low, rounded posterior ridge, and 
with radiating wrinkles on the posterior slope; disk nearly free from 
wrinkles; epidermis blackish; there is a high, triangular tooth in each 
valve; laterals very faint, rounded; nacre coppery. 

Animal unknown. 


+ PSEUDODON LOOMISI Simpson. 
* Pseudodon loomisi SIMPSON, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1900, p. 84, pl. rv, fig. 7. 


Japan. 
The following are unfigured or indeterminate species. 
Monocondylea walpolet HANLEY, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1871, p. 587. Borneo. 
Spatha compressa VON MaRrTews, Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1860, p.66. Siam. 
Pseudodon sulcatum ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., 7th ser., VI, 1882, p. 41. Me- 
kong River, Cochin China. 
Pseudodon pierri ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p.41. Cochin China. 
Pseudodon mabillei ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p.41. Cochin China, 
Cambodia. 
Pseudodon anodontinus ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 41. Cambodia. 


Genus PARREYSIA Conrad, 18858. 
(Type, Unio multidentatus Philippi.) 
Parreysia CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 267.: 


Shell solid, inflated, oval to subrhomboid, with full, high, zigzag, 
radially sculptured beaks, the sculpture often extending over the disk; 
epidermis smooth and bright, sometimes a little rayed, with two irreg- 
ular pseudocardinals in the left valve which are more or less broken 
into ragged denticles or are strongly, vertically striate, and two later- 
als, the lower the larger; right valve with one, sometimes two pseudo- 
cardinals, the upper small, compressed, and a few tubercles behind 
them, with two laterals, the upper the larger; cavity of the beaks 
rather deep, not compressed; dorsal scars under the hinge, not visible; 
the two upper anterior muscle scars. very deep, coniluent, the lower 
linear; nacre white to salmon, iridescent behind. 

Animal unknown. 


Subgenus PARREYSIA Conrad, 1853. 


Characters the same as the genus. 


1In the above reference Conrad gives the name Parreysia and refers to Unio multi- 
dentatus Parreyss, which may be taken as the type. I do not know that he ever 
described the group. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. S41 


(Group of Parreysia corrugata.) 


Shell having the middle of the basal region swollen, beak sculpture 
strong, the central ridges generally united at their lower points to form 
chevron-shaped markings. 


tPARREYSIA CORRUGATA Miiller. 


* Mya corrugata MULLER,’ Verm. Terr. et Fluv., 1774, Pt. 2, p. 214; * Besch. Ges, 
Nat. Ber., 1V, 1779, p. 56, pl. 1110, figs..7, 8.—*GMELIN,” Sys. Nat., 13th ed., 
1788, p.3221.—* ScHrRoTER, Fluss, Conch., 1779, p. 181, pl. 1x, fig.3.—* Woop, 
Gen.Conch., I, 1815, p. 108, pl. xx1v, figs. 1-3.—* DILLWYN, Cat., I, 1817, p.52.— 
Mawe, Linn. Conch., 1823, pl. rv, fig. 3.—* Woop, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 12, pl. 11, 
fig. 31a; 1856, rev. ed., p. 16, pl. 11, fig. 31. 
_ * Unio corrugata LAMARCK,® An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 78.—* DesHayeEs, Enc. 
Meth., II, 1827, p. 584, pl. ccxLvil1l, fig. 8. 
* Unio (Potamida) corrugata SWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 268, fig. 515 p. 281, 


fig. 57. 

* Unio corrugata RETZIUS, Diss. Hist. Nat., 1778, p. 18.—* SPENGLER, Skriv. Selsk. 
Nat., III, 1793, p. 68.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 197; *Biv. Shells, 1843,p. 
197.—* CaTLow and REEVE,Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 57.--* H. and A. ADAMs, 


Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, pp. 493, 497.—-* KusrEer, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, 
p. 289, pl. xcvu, figs. 3, 4.—* BLaANrorp, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1867, 
p. 136. —* SowERByY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXx1, fig. 360. —* HANLEY 
and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 21, pl. xLv, figs. 2-5. —* PaTEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 149. 

* Margarita (Unio) corrugatus LBA, Syn., 1836, p. 29; 1838, p. 21. 

* Margaron (Unio) corrugatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 30. 

* Mya spuria GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1788, p.3°22; ~ Woon, Gen. Conch., I, 
1815, p. 110.—* Lamarck, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80. 

Mya gaditana ScureiBERs, Versuch., 1793, p. 

* Unio multidentatus PHILIPPI,+ Conch., III, 1847, p. 46, pl. 11, fig. 4.—* KusTER, 
Conch. Cab. Unio., 1856, p. 186, pl. XxxvVI, fig.5.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 160. 

* Margaron ( Unio) multidentatus La, Syn., 1870, p. 50. 

* Unio fulmineus PHivipri,® Conch., III, 1847, p. 46, pl. 1, figs. 5, 6.—* KUSTER, 
Conch. Cab. Unio., 1862, p. 286, pl. XcVI, figs. 2, 3.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 153. 

* Unio lutens LEA,6 Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 93. 

* Unio luteus LEA, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1II, 1857, p. 291., pl. xxiv, fig. 4; “Obs., 
VI, 1857, p. 11, pl. xxrv, fig. 4. 


'Miiller’s description of Mya corrugata is inadequate, but in the Beschaftigungen 
it is further discussed and characteristic figures are given of the species we know 
as Unio corrugatus of India. 

2Refers to Conch. Cab. VI, pl. m1, fig. 22, which is probably Miiller’s shell. 
Chemnitz refers to it as Mya corrugata teste ovali, etc. The shell referred to by him 
in Conch. Cab., X, p. 346, as Mya corrugata magna, etc., is avery different thing. 

3Lamarck refers to. Enc. Meth. Pt. 19, 1797, pl. ccxLvul, figs. 6, 8a, b. Iam not 
at all sure that fig. 6 is the corrugatus of Miiller. 

4Credited by Philippi to Parreyss. I think there can be no doubt that this is the 
Mya corrugata of Miiller, as the figure and description entirely agree with the species 
as we know it. 

5Parreyss is the author, according to Philippi. This and multidentatus are credited 
by Philippi to Australia. No shells like these have ever been found there. 

6 Lutens in text, by error no doubt. 


S42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


* Margaron (Unio) luteus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 

* 2 Unio semirugatus CHENU, I]. Conch., 1858, pl. x11, figs. 2, 2a. 

*Unio merodabensis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 233, pl. Lxxvui, fig. 4.— 
*BLANFORD, J. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1866, p. 142.—* PxTeEL, Conch. Sam., 
ITI, 1890, p. 159. 

*Unio wynegungensis HANLEY and THEroBALD,! Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 21, pl. XLv, 
fig. 6 

* Unio tennenti HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 22, pl. xiv, figs. 7-9.— 
*PaxTEL, Conch. Sam., II], 1890, p. 169. 

*Unio phayresi THEOBALD, manuscript. 


PARREYSIA CORRUGATA var. LAXVIROSTRIS Benson. 


“Unio levirostris BENSON, Ann. and Mag., 1862, p. 192; *Jl. As. Soc. Beng., 1862, 
XXXV, p. 144.—* P&reL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 157. 

*Unio corrugatus var. levirostris HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 21, 
pl. xiv, figs. 5, 6.—* Parr, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 149. 


| PARREYSIA CORRUGATA var. NAGPOORENSIS Lea. 


*Unio nagpoorensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 331; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 270, pl. Xv, fig. 150; “Obs., VII, 1860, p. 88, pl. xLy, fig. 
150.—* BLANFORD, J]. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1866, p. 143. 

*Margaron (Unio) nagpoorensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. 

*Unio corrugatus Miill. var. nagpoorensis HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Tas 
1876, p. 21.—P£TEL, Conch. Sam., 1890, p. 149. 


India; Burma.? 
+PARREYSIA WYNEGUNGZENSIS Lea. 


* Unio wynegungensis LHa,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 331; *JI. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 271. pl. xiv, fig. 151; “Obs., VII, 1860, p. 89, pl. xLv, 
fig. 151.—* BLANFORD, Jl. As. Soe. Benen XXXV, 1866, p. 143.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LX vil, p. 339.—* P&TEeL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, 
p. 172. 

* Margaron (Unio) wynegungensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 50. 


Wynegunga River, Bengal. 
tPARREYSIA FAVIDENS Benson. 


*% Mya spuria Wood, Ind. Test., 1825, p.12, pl. 11, fig. 35a. 

*Unio favidens BENSON,’ Ann. Aur Mag., X, 1862, p. 188; *Jl. As. Soc. Beng., 
XXXV, 1867, p. 188.—*HaniEy and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, 
pl. x1, fig. 1.—* ReEvE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, p].xxv1, fig. 131.—* PareEt, 
Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 152. 

* Margaron (Unio) favidens LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 38. 

* Unio flavidens P®TEL, Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 152. 

*Unio trirostris MUSGRAVE, Hanley Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 11, fig. 9.—* HANLEY 
and THEOBALD,* Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pl. x1, fig. 6.—* Pa TEL, Conch. 
Sain., III, 1890, p. 170. 


1T think this is corrugatus and not the wynegungensis of Lea. 

2Heavier, more elongated .and pointed behind than corrugata, yet probably only 
a variety of it. 

3 Several varieties, marcens, trigona, deltw, chrysis, viridula, and densa are given by 
Benson, which hardly seem to me to be worth mentioning. 

4This = U. tripartitus of Lea, with a darker epidermis and a more pronounced 
basal swelling. There is every variation in the coloring and swelling. 


NO, 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 843 


t * Unio tripartitus Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1863, p. 190; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 57, pl. x1x, fig.55; “~Obs., XI, 1867, p. 61, pl. XIX, fig. 55. 

*Margaron (Unio) tripartitus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 35.! 

*Unio favidens var. marcens BENSON, Ann. and Mag,, X, 1862, p. 188. 

*“Unio marcens HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 19, pl. xu, figs. 
4-6.—* PmTet, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 158. 

*Unio smaragdites BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 190.—* BLanrorp, JI. As. 
Soc. Beng., XX XV, 1866, p. 147.—* HANLEy and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, 
p.5, pl. x, fig. 5.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 167. 


PARREYSIA FAVIDENS var. PINAX Benson. 


* Unio pinax BENSON, Ann. and Mag., 1862, p. 192; “Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1866, 
p. 144. 

*Unio favidens var. pinaz HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p.6, pl. Xx, 
fig. 2,—* PmreL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 152. 


PARREYSIA FAVIDENS var. PLAGIOSOMA Benson. 


*Unio plagiosoma BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 191; “Jl. As. Soc. Beng., 
XXXV, 1866, p. 144. 

*Unio favidens var. plagiosoma HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, 
pl. x1, fig. 3.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 


_ India. : 
+ PARREYSIA BHAMOENSIS Theobald. 


* Unio bhamoensis THEOBALD, JI. As. Soc. Beng., XLII, 1874, Pt. 2, p. 207, pl. xvi, 
fig. 1.—* ? HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 62, pl. CLV, fig. 2.— 
* P£TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146. j 

*+ Unio mandelayensis THEOBALD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XLU, 1874, p. 208, pl. xvi, 
fig. 2.—* Hantey and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 62, pl. cLtv. fig. 4.— 
* Paw TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 


Burma. 
+PARREYSIA FEDDENI Theobald. 


*Unio feddeni THEOBALD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XLII, 1874, p. 208, pl. xvu, fig. 3.? 
Penugunga River, Central India. 
+PARREYSIA TAVOYENSIS Gould. 


*Unio tavoyensis GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., I, 1843, p. 140.—* CaTLow and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 64.—*KusrEr, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 166, 
pl. xiv, fig. 2.—* GouLp, Otia Conch., 1862, p. 1£0.—* Rrrve, Conch. Icon., 
XVI., 1864, pl. xu, fig. 49.3—* BLaNrorD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XXXV, 1866, 
p. 148..-* HanLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 62, pl. CLIV, figs. 6, 7.— 
*PeTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169. 

*Margaron (Unio) tavoyensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. 

*Unio savoyensis P®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166. 

*Unio parma BENSON, Sowerby Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcv, fig. 514.— 
* HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 61, pl. cLiy, fig. 1.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 


1Lea claims that his species has triple laterals in the left valve. Specimens of 
favidens have the same character, and there is much variation in this particular. 

2A young specimen in the U. S. National Museum collection from Morelet’s collec- 
tion is a good deal like P. favidens. 

3Gould did not figure this, but Reeve’s figure agrees well with the types. 


844 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII, 


+PARREYSIA TAVOYENSIS var. TRIEMBOLUS Benson. 


* Unio triembolus BENSON, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XX XY, 1855, p. 144; *Ann. and Mag., 
X, 1862, p. 190.—* Hantey and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 43, pl. cv, 
fig, 2.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170. 

*+ Unio houngdaranicus TAPPERONE-CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Civ., VII, 1889, p. 341. 


Burma; India. 


tPARREYSIA VULCANA Hanley. 


*Unio vuleanus HANLEY, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1875, p. 606.—* HANLEY and THEO- 
BALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 62, pl. CLY, fig. 3.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
105 LUIS 


Burma; Pegu. 
+PARREYSIA FE Tapperone-Canefri. 


* Unio few TAPPERONE-CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen., 2d ser., VII, 1889, p. 340.! 


Meetan River, Burma. 


+PARREYSIA RAJAHENSIS Lea. 


(* Unio rajahensis La, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 30; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VIII, 
1842, p. 239, pl. xxi11, fig. 53; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 77, pl. xx11, fig.53.—* H. and 
A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—*CHENU, Ill. Conch.. 1858, pl. 
XXVI, figs. 3, 3a, 3b.—* PmreL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165. 

(* Margaron (Unio) rajahensis Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 25; 1870, p. 38. 

‘ * Unio indicus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pi. XL, fig. 222.—* HANLEY and 
THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 43, pl. cv, fig. 1. 

, * Margaron (Unio) indicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. 


: India. 


(Group of Parreysia rugosa.) 


Shell rather solid, elliptical to subtrapezoidal; beaks full, with zig-zag- 
radial sculpture and fine corrugations and granules over the surface 
of the shell. 


+tPARREYSIA RUGOSA Gmelin. 


*Mya rugosa GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 13th ed., 1788, p. 83222.°—*Woop, Gen. Conch. I, 
1815, p. 109.—*DILLWwyn, Cat. I, 1817, p.53.—~ Woop, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 12, pl. 
HI, fig. 38a; rev. ed., 1856, p. 16, pl. m1, fig. 33. 
i * Unio rugosus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 290, pl. xcvu, fig. 5.—* BLAN- 
FORD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XX XV, 1867, p. 187.—*Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 166. 


Coromandel. 


1Not figured. Shells in the U.S. National Museum from Fea show this to be a valid 
species. 

2Gmelin refers to the Mya corrugata magna, etc., of Chemnitz, in the Conch. Cab., 
X, p. 376, pl. cLXX, fig. 1649. There is a shell in Lea’s collection from the Vellaur 
River, southeast India, which seems to be this species. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 845 


+PARREYSIA CORBIS Hanley. 


*Unio corbis HANLEY, Biy. Shells, 1856, p. 386, pl. xx, fig. 43.'—*HANLEY and 
THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 22, pl. XLV, fig. 10. 
*Margaron (Unio) corbis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 50. 


Assam. 
+PARREYSIA BURMANUS Blanford. 
* Unio burmanus BLANFORD, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1869, p. 449. 


* Unio birmanus HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 19, pl. xu, fig. 1.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146 


Burma. 
+PARREYSIA SIKKIMENSIS Lea. 

*Unio sikkimensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 151; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1859, p. 251, pl. XxxIXx, fig. 131; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 69, pl. XxxxIx, 
fig. 131.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxVI, fig. 400.—* HANLEY 
and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pl. x1, fig. 4, p. 44, pl. cvu, figs. 6, 7.— 


*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 
*Margaron (Unio) sikkimensis LrA, Syn., 1870, p. 64. 


Sikkim, India. 


+PARREYSIA GOWHATTENENSIS Theobald. 


* Unio gowhattenensis THEOBALD, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XLII, 1873, p. 208, pl. xvii, fig. 
4,—*P.£TEL, Conch. Saim., III, 1890, p. 154. 


Gowhatti, in Assam. 


PARREYSIA SIMPULARIS Heude. 


*Unio modestus HEUDE, ? Conch. Fluv. Nank., II, 1877, pl. x1v, fig. 29. 
* Unio simpularis HEUDE, Jl. de Conch., XX XII, 1884, p. 20.—*P&TEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 167. 


China. 
PARREYSIA TRISULCATA Heude. 
*Unio trisulcatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lv, fig. 108. 
China. 
(Group of Parreysia leopoldvillensis.) 
Shell rounded rhomboid, somewhat inflated, subsolid, with a rounded 
postridge; beaks full, the sculpture strongly and regularly zigzag-radial 


and extending well over the body of the shell; pseudocardinals heavy, 
subcompressed, crenate; anterior scars deep. 


1 Credited to Benson manuscript. 

2The name modestus has been used by authors for a Brazilian Unio, but I can 
not find that it was ever described. Later Kuster used the name for a Chilean 
species; hence Heude changed his first name to simpularis. It is quite probable 
that this species should be placed in a separate group. 


846 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


PARREYSIA LEOPOLDVILLENSIS Putzeys. 
Unio leopoldvillensis PutTzHyYS, Proc. Verb. Soc. Ma). Belg., XX VII, 1898,p. XXviI, 
figs 12, 13.1 
(Group of Parreysia bakeri.) 

Shell small, inflated, oval, rounded in front, bluntly pointed behind, 
inflated at or behind the central base; beaks full, high, sculptured with 
very strong, zigzag bars which extend part way over the disk and end 
rather suddenly, below which the shell is smooth; posterior ridge well 
developed, rounded; two compressed pseudocardinals and one lateral 
in the right valve, two pseudocardinals and two laterals in the left 
valve.’ ; 
. PARREYSIA BAKERI H. Adams. 


* Unio bakeri H. ADAMS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 376.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 145.—* Smiru, Ann. and Mag., X, 1892, p. 126, pl. x11, fig. 11.—* VON 
Martens, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 231, pl. vm, fig. 6. 


Lake Albert Nyanza, Central Africa. 
PARREYSIA STUHLMANNI von Martens. 
* Unio stuhlmanni VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 251, pl. vu, fig. 13. 
Albert Edward Lake, Central Africa. 
NODULARIA HAUTTECOEURI Bourguignat. 


*Unio hautiecoeuri BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Ny. Ouk., 1883, p. 5, figs. 1-3.—* von 
Martens, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 232, pl. 1, fig. 23; vil, fig. 3. 


NODULARIA HAUTTECOEURI var. EDWARDSIANA Bourguignat. 
* Unio edwardsianus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Ny. Ouk., 1883, p. 12, figs. 7, 9. 


Lake Victoria Nyanza, Central Africa. 
PARREYSIA DUPONTI Rochebrune. 


* Reneus duponti ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XL, 1881, p. 481. 

* Unio duponti ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soe. Philom., VI, 1882, p. 34.—* BOURGUIGNAT, 
Moll. Ny. Ouk., 1883, p. 8, figs. 10-12.—* PTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. 

* Unio bakeri VON MARTENS, Sitzber. Ges. Nat. Fr., 1879, p. 104. 

* Unio grandidieri BoURGUIGNAT, Moll. Ny. Ouk., 1883, p. 7, figs. 4-6.—* PATEL, 
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 154.—*von Martens, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1874, p. 
233. 


Lake Victoria Nyanza. 
PARREYSIA RUELLANI Bourguignat. 


*Unio ruellani BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Ny. Ouk. 1883, p. 10, figs. 16-18.—* PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166.—*von Martens, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 


235. 


Lake Victoria Nyanza. 


1T have not seen this species, and I place it here with some doubt. 
2T adopt this group with practically the same limits as given by von Martens in 
the Beschalte. Unfortunately I have never seen any species belonging to it. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON, S47 


PARREYSIA MULTICOLOR von Martens. 


* Unio multicolor VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts, Ost-Af., 1897, p. 236, pi. vit. fig. 4. 


Lake Victoria Nyanza. 


PARREYSIA NGESIANUS von Martens. 


= 


~ Unio ngesianus VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 234, pl. vit. fig. 


Lake Albert Edward Nyanza. 
The following unfigured species are placed in this group bv von 
Martens: 
Unio billotianus CHARMES, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 170, Bagamoyo, Central 
Africa. 


Unio euphymus CHARMES, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 171, Bagamoyo. 
Unio dumesleanus CHARMES, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 168, Bagamoyo. 


(Group of Parreysia fabagina.) 


Shell very small and solid, inflated, compressed on the sides, rhomboid, 
with a high, sharp posterior ridge and high beaks, having zigzag-radial 
sculpture sometimes extended over the disk, the posterior slope fur- 
nished with upeurved plications; pseudocardinals heavy, torn, one in 
the right valve, two in the left; muscular impressions circular, the 
anterior very deep. 


PARREYSIA FABAGINA Deshayes. 


*Unio fabagina DESHAYES, Nouy. Arch. de Mus., X, 1874, p. 128, pl. vu, figs. 4-6.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1899, p. 152.—*FiscuEr, Bull. Soc. d’Hist. Nat. 
Autun., 1891, p. 140. 


Mekong River, Cambodia. 


PARREYSIA BROTI Deshayes. 


* Unio broti DESHAYES, Nouv. Arch. de Mus., X, 1874, p. 129, pl. vi, figs. 1-3.— 
* CROSSE and FISCHER, J]. de Conch. XXV I, p. 823.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 146. 


Mekong River, Cambodia. 


(Group of Parreysia nyassaensis. ) 


} 


Shell small, solid, inflated, triangular to rhomboid, the base straight 
or even a little arcuate, but sometimes having a slight fullness behind 
the central part; a high, well-defined posterior ridge ends at the post 
base and is sometimes slightly double; posterior slope abrupt; beaks 
high, with zigzag-radial sculpture, the bars approaching and often 
coalescing behind the center of the disk, the whole shell frequently 
corrugate sculptured; epidermis greenish, often slightly rayed; teeth 
solid, much like those of typical Parreysia; nacre white or bluish, 
sometimes microscopically, granularly radiate outside the palleal line; 
beak cavities not deep; anterior scars distinct. 

Animal unknown. 


848 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+PARREYSIA NYASSAENSIS Lea. 


* Unio nyassaensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 108; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 33, pl. x11, fig. 832; ~ Obs., XI, 1867, p. 37, pl. x11, fig. 32.— 
* Smit, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 298, pl. XxxIv, fig. 34. —* Pa TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 161.—*Ancry, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., VI, 1894, p. 225.— 
*Vvon MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 230. 

* Margaron (Unio) nyassaensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30. 

* Unio nyasse SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. XLI, figs. 224, 224a, 2240. 

* Unio nyassanus BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VI, 1889, p. 38. 

* Unio hermosus BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VI, 1889, p. 38.—* ANCEY, 
Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., VII, 1894, p. 226.! 


Lake Nyassa, Central Africa. 


+PARREYSIA KIRKII Lea. 


* Unio kirkit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 108; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 


VI, 1866, p. 32, pl. x11, fig. 30; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 36, pl. x11, fig. 30.—* Bour- 
GUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VI, 1889, p. 38.—* Ancry, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 
VII, 1894, p. 225.—* von MaRTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 229. 

* Margaron (Unio) kirkit Lma, Syn., 1870, p. 30. 


Lake Nyassa. 
PARREYSIA UJIJIENSIS Bourguignat. 


* Unio nyassaensis var., SMITH, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 298, pl. Xxxrv, fig. 34.2 
* Grandidieria wjijiensis BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., II, 1885, p. 7. 


Lake Tanganyika. 
tPARREYSIA AFERULA Lea. 


* Unio aferula Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 109. 

* Unio aferulus LEA, Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1866, p. 34, pl. xin, fig. 34; *Obs., 
XI, 1867, p. 38, pl. x111, fig. 34.—* BouRGUIGNaT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VI, 1889, 
p. 388.—*ANCEY, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., VII, 1894, p. 226. 

* Margaron (Unio) aferulus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 30. 


Lake Nyassa. 
PARREYSIA MONCETI Bourguignat. 


*Unio monceti BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Ny. Ouk., 1883, p. 15, figs. 13-15.—* von 
MarTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 228. 


Lake Victoria, Nyanza. 


'. A. Smith, in Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1877, p. 719; 1893, p. 640, believes that Unio 
kirki Lea and aferulus Lea are but varieties of Unio nyassaensis, and that Unio hermosus 
Bourguignat is identical with it. It is possible that the three forms of Lea may 
blend together, but the types are so distinct that I do not feel justified in uniting 
them even as varieties one of another. 

2There is some confusion about this shell. The form on pl. xxxiv, which Smith 
probably refers to in the text as fig. 34) is simply fig. 34 on the plate, and is, I think, 
a distinct species, which has received the name of wijiensis from Bourguignat. 
There is no fig. 34) on the plate. His 34a, which Smith calls var. tanganyicensis, is 
U. nyassaensis Lea. Bourguignat probably alluded to the fig. 34 when he bestowed 
his name, although he speaks of the var. tanganyicensis Smith. These must not be 
confounded with the original Unio tanganyicensis of Smith, which is a very different 
thing. , 


| 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 849 


PARREYSIA HYPSIPRIMNUS von Martens. 


* Unio hypsiprimnus VON MARTENS, Besch. Deuts. Ost-Af., 1897, p. 230, pl. vu, 
ier Ist 
Lake Nyassa. 
(Group of Parreysia molleuri.) 


Shell subquadrate, solid, inflated, rounded in front, truncated behind, 
with high beaks, the sculpture of which was not observed, and a strong, 
sharp, curved posterior ridge; surface concentrically grooved; pseudo- 
cardinals thick, short, cut up with vertical grooves; laterals curved; 
nacre white. 

PARREYSIA MOLLEURI Morlet. 


*Unio molleuri MoRLET, J]. de Conch., XX XIX, 1891, p. 242, pl. vit, fig. 4. 
Valley of the Mekong River. 
Subgenus AURORA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio auroreus Heude.) 


Shell small, ovate, subinflated, pointed behind, rather solid, with 
high, small beaks and strong, corrugated sculpture, which extends over 
half the disk in somewhat lachrymous, zigzag ridges and nodules, the 
outer part of the disk apparently having one or more strong, concen- 
tric ridges, the posterior slope being radiately ridged and nodulous; 
epidermis fulvous, beautifully and delicately green radiated; pseudo- 
cardinals conical, truncate, striate; laterals lamellar; nacre orange.” 


PARREYSIA AUROREA Heude. 


* Unio auroreus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. nvr, fig. 106.-— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145. 
‘China. 
Subgenus PSEUDOBAPHIA Simpson, 1900. 


(Type, Unio biestanus Heude.) 


Shell large, oval, inflated, gaping in front and behind, rather solic, 
with full beaks, the beak sculpture not seen, posterior part distinctly 
biangular; ligament large; epidermis smooth, brownish, somewhat 
rayed, right valve with a large, irregular pseudocardinal in front of the 
beak, with a pit in front of it; behind it on the hinge are numerous 
denticles, and at some distance behind two very faint laterals; left valve 
with two large pseudocardinals, one behind the other, and two remote 


1] am not positive as to the systematic position of this and the last two species. The 
figure of the latter is from a very badly eroded shell, and it is difficult to tell what its 
affinities are. : 

*Heude’s brief Latin description so poorly describes the peculiar species placed 
here that I can not be sure where it belongs, and that it should not have generic 
rank. I place it here provisionally. 

Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 


o4 


850 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX 


blurred laterals; two upper anterior muscle scars united, very deep; 
posterior scars united, the lower long and oblique; beak cavities very 
large, deep; nacre flesh colored, dull.’ 

Animal unknown. 


tPARREYSIA BIESIANA Heude. 


“Unio biesianus HeupE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. xiv, fig. 30.—* Pa& TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 146. 
China. 
Subgenus ACUTICOSTA Simpson, 1900. 


(Type, Unio chinensis Lea.) 


Shell pointed behind, produced at the center of the base, inflated, 
solid, with a sharp, pinched-up, but vanishing posterior ridge, beaks full, 
the sculpture strong, zigzag radial; epidermis smooth, rayed; pseudo- 
cardinals somewhat compressed, vertically ridged, ragged; laterals well 
developed, strongly obliquely ridged and granular. 


t PARREYSIA CHINENSIS Lea. 


* Unio chinensis LEA, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 150; * Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 325, pl. Li, fig. 188; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 85, pl. Lil, fig. 
138.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

> Margaron ( Unio) chinensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 30. 


PARREYSIA CHINENSIS var. SQUAMMOSUS Heude. 


* Unio sinensis var. squammosus Heupr, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. 
LVIll, fig. 113. 


PARREYSIA CHINENSIS var. LAQVIS Heude. 


* Unio squammosus var. levis HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lrx, 
fig. 116. 
China. 
PARREYSIA RETIARIA Heude. 


* Unio retiarius HrupE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lv, fig. 107.— 
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 165. 


China. 


Genus PTYCHORHYNCHUS Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio pfisteri Heude.) 


Shell elongate, elliptical, round in front, pointed behind, the point 
being midway of the height of the shell, solid, slightly inflated, with 
a faint posterior ridge; beaks rather low, sculpture not seen; the pos- 
terior slope sculptured with strong, upeurved ridges, which sometimes 
extend slightly on to the disk, which is otherwise smooth and shining; 
left valve with two rather stumpy, roughened pseudocardinals and 1 or 2 


'Heude says the beaks are corrugated. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. S51 


somewhat blurred granulous laterals; right valve with a single blunt 
pseudocardinal, the hinge line in front of it being excavated, and a 
curious blurred lateral which is sometimes slightly split up; beak cav- 
ities shallow; dorsal scars few; nacre whitish. Animal unknown. 


(Group of Ptychobranchus pfisteri.) 
Characters as in the genus. 
+ PTCHORHYNCHUS PFISTERI Heude. 


* Unio pfisteri HEUDE, Jl. de Conck., XXII, 1874, p. 112; *~Conch. Fluv. Nank., I, 
1875, pl.1, fig. 1.—* P@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 


PTYCHORHYNCHUS PFISTERI var. INSPIRATUS Heude. 


* Unio pfisteri var. inspiratus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. xiv, fig. 28.— 
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155. 


Nankin River, China. 
+PTYCHORHYNCHUS MEDIASTINUS Heude.! 


* Unio mediastinus HeuprE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Uxi, fig. 123.— 
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 


China. 
(Group of Ptychorhynchus apicellatus.) 


Shell subrhomboid, more or less biangulate behind. 


PTYCHORHYNCHUS APICELLATUS Heude. 
“Unio apicellatus HEUDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. ux111, fig. 126. 
China. 
PTYCHORHYNCHUS SCHOMBURGIANUS Heude. 


*Unio schomburgianus HEUDE, Jl. de Conch., XL, p. 314; * Conch. Fluy. Nank., IX, 
1885, pl. Lx xu, fig. 189.—* Pax TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 


Isle of Hainan, China. 


PTYCHORHYNCHUS INCERTUS Simpson. 


*Unio compressus HEUDE,? Conch. Fluy. Nank., III, 1877, pl. xxiv, fig. 52.— 
* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

~Unio murinus HEUDE, Conch. Fluv. Nank., VIII, 1883, pl. Lxi1, fig. 121. 

“Unio morinus PATEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 160. 


China. 
Genus VIRGUS, Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio beccarianus Tapperone Caneffi. ) 


Shell rather solid, elongated, inequilateral, compressed, rounded in 
front, nearly straight below, the dorsal line as far back as the hinder 


' Probably oaly a variety of P. pfisteri. 
2The name compressus has been twice used previously for a Unio. I change it here 
to incertus. 


852 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXIL. 


end of the ligament parallel with the base, behind the ligament the 
shell is obliquely truncate, the truncation somewhat upeurved, the 
shell ending in a rounded point at the posterior base; posterior ridge 
elevated, rounded, with sculpture radiating from it above and below; 
beaks rather low, radially ridged; pseudocardinals small, generally two 
in each valve; laterals rather short, club-shaped, one in the right and 
two in the left valve. Animal unknown. 


(Group of Virgus beccarianus. 


Shell having the posterior ridge high and rounded, outlined on each 
side by a sulcus, the radiations from this ridge rather fine; surfaze 
concentrically sculptured. 


VIRGUS BECCARIANUS Tapperone Canefri. 


* Unio beccarianus TAPPERONE CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Genoy., XIX, 1883, p. 291, pl. 
XI, fig. 2.—* P#TEL, Conch. Saim., III, 1890, p. 145. 


Fly River, New Guinea. 
(Group of Virgus mattiroli.) 


Posterior ridge full, rounded, not outlined by sulci, covered with 
very strong corrugated ridges which curve outward each way from the 
center, the remainder of the shell smooth. 


VIRGUS MATTIROLI Tapperone Canefri. 


* Unio mattiroli TAPPERONE CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Genoy., XIX, 1883, p. 292, pl. 
XI, fig. 1.—*P#®TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 


Fly River, New Guinea. 
(Group of Virgus misoolensis.) 


Posterior ridge merely rounded, with radiating folds scattered over 
the shell, pseudocardinals two in the left valve and one in the right. 


VIRGUS MISOOLENSIS Schepman. 


*Unio misoolensis SCHEPMAN, Notes from Leyd. Mus., XVIII, 1896, p. 259, fig.— 
* DROUET, Jl. de Conch., XLV, 1897, p. 125. 


Misool, Borneo. 


Genus CTENODESMA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio borneensis Issel. ) 


Shell subtrapezoid to long elliptical, rather thin, compressed, with a 
scarcely developed posterior ridge and low beaks whose sculpture is 
densely zigzag radial, becoming finely corrugated or nodulous on the 
disk and extending over most of the shell; the disk concentrically 
striate or sulcate at its outer edge; pseudocardinals one to two in each 
valve, very diverse in form, but showing a tendency to break up into 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 853 


denticles; one lateral and sometimes a faint secondary one in the left 
valve and two in the right; dorsal scars few, diversified in form, and 
variously disposed in the shallow beak cavities; anterior muscle scars 
united; nacre whitish. 

Animal unknown. 


+ CTENODESMA BORNEENSIS Issel. 


*Unio plicatulus Lea,! Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 152; Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 247, pl. xxxvit, fig. 126; ~Obs., VII, 1860, p. 65, pl. 
XXXVH, fig. 126.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxu, fig. 102.— 
* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., II, 1890, p. 163. 

*Margaron (Unio) plicatulus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. 

*Unio borneensis ISSEL, Moll. Borneo, 1874, p. 1138. 

* Unio penisatus FISCHER and CROSSE,” Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 599. 


Borneo. 
+CTENODESMA GUPPYI Smith. 


*Unio guppyit SMITH, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1885, p. 608, pl. xxxvuj, figs. 88a, 
88).—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., IT], 1890, p. 154. 


Shortland Island; Solomon Islands. 


Genus RECTIDENS Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio prolongatus Drouet. ) 


Shell elongated, with an angle at the anterior dorsal part, pointed 
and slightly biangulate behind, moderately solid, with two or three 
posterior ridges, the lower the higher; beaks full, sculpture not observed 
but probably zigzag radial; the posterior slope, and often part of the 
disk, covered with faint, granular radiating sculpture; epidermis smooth, 
olive; one compressed, short, recurved pseudocardinal in the left valve 
under the beak, with a very long one in front of it, and two laterals; two 
compressed pseudocardinals in the right valve, and a single lateral; all 
the teeth straight or nearly so; anterior muscle scars separate; beak 
cavities rather shallow; only one or two dorsal sears in each valve; 
nacre white or reddish. 

Animal unknown. 


tRECTIDENS SUMATRENSIS Dunker. 


*Unio sumatrensis DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., IX, 1852, p. 52.—* PFEIFFER, Nov. 
Conch., II, 1866, p. 152, pl. Xx xIx, figs. 10-12.—* voN MaRTENsS, Mal. B1., XIV, 
1866, p. 15.-—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169. 


Lake Dana I nar, Sumatra. 


1Lea’s name was preoccupied by Kuster, or Charpentier, for a Mexican species in 
1856. The name proposed by Issel in 1874 will have to be used. 

2Proposed by Fischer and Crosse, because Lea’s name plicatulus was preoccupied 
by Kuster. 


854 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL 


+RECTIDENS LINGULATUS Drouet and Chaper. 


*Unio lingulatus DROUET and CHAPER, Mém. Soc. Zool. Fr., V, 1892, p. 148, pl. v, 
figs. 7-9.—* DROUET, Jl. de Conch, XLI, 1893, p. 42. 
Borneo. 
+RECTIDENS PROLONGATUS Drouet. 
*Unio prolongatus DROUET, Rey. Biol. Nord Fr., VI, 1894, p. 216; * Jl. de Conch., 
XLIII, 1895, p. 36.—* KoBeEtr, Abh. Senck. Nat. Ges., XXIV, 1897, p. 87, pl. x1, 
figs. 1, 2. 
Borneo. 
RECTIDENS PERAKENSIS de Morgan. 
*Unio perakensis DE MorGAN, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., X, 1885, p. 424, pl. rx, figs. 
3, 4.—* PmTeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 
Perak. 
RECTIDENS PAHANGENSIS Smith. 


* Unio pahangensis E. A. SmirH, Pr. Mal. Soc. Lond., III, 1899, p. 315, fig. 


Pahang River, Malay Peninsula. Exceedingly near to O. lingulatus 
Drouet and Chaper. 


Genus LAMELLIDENS Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio marginalis Lamarck.) 


Shell elongate, elliptical, pointed behind, with a slight post-dorsal 
wing, a low, often biangulate posterior ridge, and generally two sharp, 
radiating lire above it; beaks with curved, radiating ridges which 
sometimes are slightly zigzag and often become almost concentric, but 
which fade out as they approach each other at the center of the disk; 
epidermis smooth, generally shining, brownish, often with concentric 
bands of lighter color, rayless or nearly so; left valve with two com- 
pressed pseudocardinals, the front one roughened, and two laterals; 
right valve with two parallel, lamellar pseudocardinals and one lateral; 
cavity of the beaks rather shallow; dorsal sears few, deep, distinct, 
scattered; anterior scars separate; nacre bluish white to straw. 

Animal unknown. 


Subgenus LAMELLEDENS Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio marginalis Lamarck. ) 
Shell dark colored; teeth well developed. 


| LAMELLIDENS MARGINALIS Lamarck. 


“Die breite Mahler-Muschel aus Grénland, SCHROTER, Flussce., 1779, p. 181, pi. IX, 


foun 
*? Unio groenlandicus MOrcH, Am. Jl. Conch., IV, 1868, p. 38.! 
*? Unio testudinarius SPENGLER, Skriv. Selsk. Nat., III, 1793, p. 65.—* P#TEL, 


Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 169. 


‘The name groenlandicus can not stand for this species, since Schréter did not use 
his appellation in anything but a descriptive sense. The species is found only in 
India, no Naiad being known from Greenland. 


NO, 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 855 


— 


*? Unio truncatus SPENGLER, Skriv. Selsk. Nat., III, 1793, p. 65.—? Scur6 mr, 
Arch. Zool. Zoot. 1802, II, 2 Stiick, p. 107. 

*Unio marginalis LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 79..—*DESHAYES, Ene. 
Méth. II, 1827, p. 151, pl. ccxivut, fig. 1.—* HaNnLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 206; 
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 206, pl. Xx, fig. 53. —* CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 
1845, p. 61.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* Kustrr, 
Conch, Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 239, pl. Lxxx, fig. 4.—* SowrrRBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1867, pl. LIX, fig. 297.—* HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 
20, pl. XLII, fig. 2.—* Pa TrEeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 

* Margarita (Unio) marginalis Lra, Syn., 1836, p. 37; 1838, p. 24, 

* Margaron (Unio) marginalis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 60. 

*Unio anodontina LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80.—* DesHayEs, An. 
sans Vert., VI, 1835, p. 546; II, 1839, p. 671. 

*Unio anodontinus KustER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 240, pl. LXxx, fig. 15.— 
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 144. 

~+Symphynota bilineata LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 98, pl. x1, fig. 19; 
*Obs., I, 1834, p. 108, pl. x1, fig. 19. 

*Margarita (Unio) bilineatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 38; 1838, p. 25. 

*Unio bilineatus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 207; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 207, pl. 
XXI, fig. 30.—*CATLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.—* H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* SowerRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 
1868, pl. LXXx1, fig. 365. 

*Margaron (Unio) bilineatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. 

*2? Unio evanescens MoussoN, Moll. Java, 1849, p. 91, pl. xvu, fig. 2. 


tLAMELLIDENS MARGINALIS var. OBESUS Hanley and Theobald. 


* Unio marginalis var. obesa HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 20, pl. 
XLII, fig. 3. 
* ? Unio corrianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxvu, fig. 401. 


tLAMELLIDENS MARGINALIS var. TRICOLOR Kuster. 
~ Unio tricolor KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 156, pl. xLv, fig. 1.—* JICKELI,. 
Faun. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 275.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 170. 
* Unio marginalis var. tricolor HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 20, 
pl. xu, fig. 5. ‘elie 
LAMELLIDENS MARGINALIS var. CANDAHARICUS Hanley and Theobald. 
* Unio marginalis var. candaharica HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1870, p. 
20, pl. XL, fig. 4. 
tLAMELLIDENS MARGINALIS var. CYLINDRICUS Hanley and Theobald. 
* Unio marginalis var. cylindrica HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 
20, pl. xxiv, fig. 1. 
LAMELLIDENS MARGINALIS var. HANLEYI Simpson. 
* Unio marginalis var. corriana HANLEY and THEOBOLD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 
20, pl. XLIv, fig. 4.2 
India; Burma; Pegu; Ceylon; Canton River,China?. I believe that 
Mouswon’s U. evanescens is L. marginalis, but can it be from Java? 


1T use Lamarck’s name for this species because the U. testudinarius and truncatus 
were only briefly and imperfectly described, and never figured, their habitats being 
given as Greenland. Lamarck refers to the figures in Enc. Méth., pl. 247, figs. 1, 
la, 1b, 1c, which very accurately represent the shell we know as Unio marginalis. 

2 Not Lea’s corrianus at all, but very different. I change the name to hanleyt. 


856 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+LAMELLIDENS PULCHER Tapperone-Canefri. 
* Unio pulcher TAPPERONE-CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Civ., VII, 1889, p. 350.! 
Houngdaran, Burma. 
LAMELLIDENS EXANTHEMATICUS Kuster. 


* Unio exanthematicus KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 248, pl. LXxXx1, fig. 2,— 
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 


East Indies. 
+LAMELLIDENS THWAITESII Lea. 


Unio thwaitesii LBA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p.152; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 246, pl. xxxvul, fig. 125; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 64, pl. xxxvil, fig. 
125.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxi, fig. 105.—* HANLEY and 
THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 20, pl. xii, fig. 1.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 169. x 

* Margaron (Unio) thivaitesti Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 41. 

* Unio consobrinus HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 19, pl. xl, fig. 7. 

Ceylon. 
+ LAMELLIDENS CONSOBRINUS Lea. 


*Unio consobrinus Lea,? Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 331; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci, 


Phila., 1860, p. 272, pl. xLy, fig. 152; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 90, pl. xLv, fig. 152,— 
* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

* Margaron (Unio) consobrinus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 

*Unio corbeti DESCHAMPS, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., X VII, 1892, p. 68, fig.3 


China; India; Ceylon. 
+LAMELLIDENS LAMELLATUS Lea. 


*Unio lamellatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 19, pl. v1, fig. 16; *Obs., II, 
1838, p. 19, pl. v1, fig. 16.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir. Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, p. 234.— 
“HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 194; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 194, pl. x x1, fig. 49.— 
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.60.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* CuEnu, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx11, figs. 3, 3a, 
3b.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. Lu, fig. 272.—* HANLEY and 
THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 21, pl. XLIv, fig. 7.—* P@TEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 126. 

* Margarita (Unio) lamellatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1888, p. 20. 

* Margaron (Unio) lamellatus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46. 

* + Unio layardit Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 153; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 243, pl. XXXVI, fig. 122; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 61, pl. xx xvVJ, fig. 122.— 
* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. x xu, fig. 111.—* HaNLEY and THEO- 
BALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 19, pl. x11, fig. 1.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 157. 

* Margaron ( Unio) layardii Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 


India; Ceylon. 


‘Only a Latin description is given. We have two shells in the U.S. National 
Museum from the type lot, and it is, perhaps, a valid species, close to marginalis. 

2 Possibly only a variety of thwaitesii. 

Unio mainwaringi Nevill. Shells have been several times received bearing this 
name, which seem to me to be only consobrinus. I can not find that Nevill ever 
described the species. 


ee Te 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 857 


LAMELLIDENS SCUTUM Sowerby. 


* Unio scutum SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcry, fig. 510..—* HanLry 
and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 22, pl. xvi, fig. 1.—* PaTrn, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 

Tenasserim. 
+LAMELLIDENS CORRIANUS Lea. 

* Unio corrianus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1834, p. 65, pl. 1x, fig. 25; * Obs., I, 
1834, p. 177, pl. 1x, fig. 25.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 207; * Biv. Shells, 
1843, p. 207, pl. xx, fig. 60.—* CatLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 
57.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* Parr, Conch. 


Sam., III, 1890, p. 149. 
* Margarita (Unio) corrianus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 38; 1838, p. 25. 
* Margaron (Unio) corrianus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. 


India; Burma; Pegu. 
+LAMELLIDENS GENEROSUS Gould. 


* Unio generosus GOULD, Pr. Bost. 8S. N. Hist., II, 1847, p. 220; * Otia Conch., 
1862, p. 210.—* HaNLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 22, pl. XLVI, 
fig. 4.—* PmtTeEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153. 

* Margaron (Unio) generosus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 29. 

*? Unio lamellatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcrv, fig. 511. 


Burma; Pegu. 
+LAMELLIDENS CANEFRIANUS Simpson. 
*Unio protensus TAPPERONE-CANEFRI,”? Am. Mus. Civ. Gen., VII, 1889, p. 349. 
Prome, Lower Burma. 


;+;LAMELLIDENS JENKINSIANUS Benson.3 
*Unio jenkinsonianus BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 185.—* HANLEY and 
THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 19, pl. x11, fig. 4.—* Pa1EL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 155. 
Assan. 
Subgenus SPATHOPSIS, Simpson. 1900. 


(Type, Anodonta guillaini Recluz.) 


Shell long, elliptical, compressed, beaks rather low, said to bear con- 
centrically roughened ridges, with slight plications in front and behind 
them; posterior ridge not developed; surface shining, smooth; hinge 
line narrow, with faint, greatly elongated pseudocardinals and iaterals; 


1 Credited by Sowerby to Benson. 

2Preoccupied by Lea in 1865 for a North Carolina Unio, hence the name is changed 
as above. 

>This is figured by Hanley and Theobald as a heavy sbell, shaped much like an old 
Unio buckleyi, and quite different from the other species of the genus. But there 
is in the U.S. National Museum collection a specimen which is much thinner than 
the figured shell, and more nearly approaching marginalis in form. 


858° PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


escutcheon deep, triangular; beak cavities shallow; anterior muscle 
scars elongated; posterior faint; iridescent behind.! 
Animal unknown. 
LAMELLIDENS GUILLAINI Recluz. 
* Inodonta guillaini RECLUZ, Jl. de Conch,, I, 1850, p.55; * Zeits. fur Mal., VII, 1851, 
p. 140.—* Cross, J]. de Conch., XX XI, 1883, p. 222, pl. 1x, fig. 4.—* PATEL, 
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 180. 


Brava, northeast Africa, in the Somali country. 


Genus TRAPEZOIDEUS Simpson. 
(Type, Unio foliacea Gould.) 


Shell trapezoid, much compressed, with a low posterior ridge, and 
but slightly raised though pointed beaks, which seem to be sculptured 
with irregularly radial ridges arranged in two imperfect chevron-shaped 
loops; surface concentrically sculptured, often having irregular radial 
ridges on the posterior slope; epidermis yellowish-green or brownish, 
with two or more green rays above the posterior ridge; teeth com- 
pressed; two pseudocardinals in the left valve, one under the beak, the 
other in front, often not well separated, and two laterals; right valve 
with two pseudocardinals and one lateral; pseudocardinals all irregu- 
lar, often pitted and peculiarly dentellate; laterals granular, showing 
traces of vertical striation; cavity of the beaks rather deep, compressed ; 
muscle sears shallow, anterior scars separate; nacre soft, creamy, yel- 
lowish in the beak cavities. 

Animal unknown. 


+ TRAPEZOIDEUS FOLIACEUS Gould. 


* Unio foliacea GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., I, 1843, p. 141; * Otia Conch., 1862, 
1a Bil 

* Unio foliaceus CATLOW and REEVE, Conck. Nom., 1845, p.59.—* H.and A. ADAMS, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* HANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, 
p. 19, pl. xxi, fig. 3.—* ANDERSON, Yunnan Exp., 1877, p. 900, pl. LXxx, figs. 
8-12.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153. 

* Margaron (Unio) foliaceus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 39; 1870, p. 62. 

~t Unio peguensis ANTHONY, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 351, pl. xxv, fig. 2.— 
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcv, fig. 519.—* P& TEL, Conch. Sam., 
ITI, 1890, p. 162. 

*Margaron (Unio) peguensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 51. 

TRAPEZOIDEUS FOLIACEUS var. COMPTUS Deshayes and Jullien. 

~ Unio comptus DESHAYES and JULLIEN, Nouv. Arch. de Mus., X, 1874, p. 126, pl. v1, 
figs. 3, 4. 

~ Unio fragiles NEVILL, Jl. As. Soc. Beng., XLVI, 1877, p. 39.—* ANDERSON, Yunnan 
Exp., 1877, p. 400, pl. Lx xx, figs, 8-12. 


Burma; Cambodia. 


'T hardly know where to place this, as the description is lacking in several essen- 
tial characters. It is probable that the beak sculpture is much like that of Lamelli- 
dens instead of being properly concentric, and it may be a subgenus of that group. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 859 


+TRAPEZOIDENS MISELLUS Morelet. 


* Unio misellus MORELET, Jl. de Conch., XIII, 1865, p.21; *Ser. Conch., IV, 1875, p. 
341, pl. xiv, fig. 2.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159. 

*+ Unio siamensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 133; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
VI, 1868, p. 279, pl. xxxvin, fig. 93; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 39, pl. xxxvutt, fig. 93. 

* Margaron (Unio) siamensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p.57. 


TRAPEZOIDEUS PALLEGOIXI Sowerby. 
* Anodon pallegoixt SOWERBY,! Conch. Icen., XVII, 1867. pl. xvi1, fig. 17. 


*Anodonta pallegoiri CLESssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 210, pl. LxIv, fig. 6.— 
*PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 183. 


Siam; Cambodia. 
TRAPEZOIDEUS PENINSULARIS Simpson. 


-* Unio sumatrensis SOWERBY,? Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxviu, fig. 142. 
Sumatra. 
TRAPEZOIDEUS EXOLESCENS Gould.’ 


*Unio exolescens GOULD, Pr. Bost. 8. N. Hist., I, 1848, p. 141.—*CaTLow and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., i845, p. 59.—*H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 
1857, p. 493.—* HaANLEY and THEOBALD, Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 43, pl. cvu, 
fig. 5, —* PTE, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 

*Margaron (Unio) erolescens LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 51. 


Tavoy, Burma. 
: TRAPEZOIDEUS THECA Benson. 


*Unio theca BENSON, Ann. and Mag., X, 1862, p. 186.—* HANLEY and THEOBALD, 
Conch. Ind., 1876, p. 6, pl. x1, fig. 5.—* PZ TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 169. 


Cane River, Bundelkhund, India. 


Genus ARCONATIA Conrad, 1865. 
(Type, Triquetra lanceolata Lea. ) 
* Arconaia CONRAD, Am. J1. Conch., I, 1865, p. 234. 


Shell greatly elongated, inflated, solid, twisted on its axis, sometimes 
- straight, but generally having the posterior end curved strongly to the 
right or left, with a decided posterior ridge on both sides of the shell, 
ending in a blunt point, with usually a small ridge above on the post 
Slope; beaks rather low, sculpture not seen, but probably zigzag radial; 


' Sowerby says nothing about teeth in his shell, whichis from Siam. The teeth of 
Lea’s specimen of U. siamensis are scarcely developed, and a comparison of his shell 
with Sowerby’s figure convinces me that they are very nearly allied. Lea’s figure 
shows the shell biangulate behind, which is an error. 

2This is not Lea’s swmatrensis, nor that of Dunker. I have therefore changed the 
name to peninsularis. I am not certain as to its relations. It is not U. comptus 
Deshayes and Jullien, as Fischer believes 

3 Gould did not figure this, and I have not seen the type. Theshell figured as this 
by Hanley and Theobald in the Conchologia probably belongs here. 


860 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


often a few nodulous or wavy ridges cross the body of the shell, 
which is irregularly suleate; epidermis rayless; two pseudocardinals 
in the right valve, the upper compressed, separated from the split-up 
lower one by a parallel-sidedpit, two in the left, and two heavy laterals; 
one lateral in the right and a vestige of one below it; laterals granu- 
lated and vertically striate; muscle scars deep, anterior small, the front 
and upper united, the hinder separate, posterior muscle scars long, 
oblique; beak cavities very shallow; dorsal scars numerous, placed 
just on the inner edge of the hinge; nacre white. The lobes of the man- 
tle are not united into siphons, but separated throughout, with only a 
feeble commissure separating the anal and branchial openings. 


(Group of Arconaia lanceolata.) 
Shell with an anterior wing. 


+ARCONAIA LANCEOLATA Lea. 


* Triquetra lanceolata Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 79. 

* Hyria lanceolata Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1856, p. 300. 

* Arconaia lanceolata CONRAD, Am. Jl. Conch., I, 1865, p. 234. 

* Triquetra contorta LEA,! Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 300; *~Obs., VI, 1857, 
p. 39, pl. xxx, fig. 33; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 319, pl. xxx1n, 
fig. 33. 

*Hyria contorta SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 1, figs.2.a, 2b.—* Pa& TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189. 

*Margaron (Triquetra) contorta Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 26. 

* Unio contortus HEupE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. xv. fig. 31. 


China. 
+ARCONAIA MUTICA Heude 


*Unio contortus var. muticus HeuDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. xv, fig. 32. 
China. 
(Group of Arconaia conjungens.) 
Shell moderately solid, slightly twisted and bent, rounded in front; 


pseudocardinals not so much torn asin the lanceolata group; not winged 
in front. 


ARCONAIA CONJUNGENS Heude. 
* Unio contortus var. conjungens HEuDE, Conch. Fluy. Nank., II, 1877, pl. xv, fig. 33. 
China. 
Genus PSEUDAVICULA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio johnstoni Smith. ) 


Shell rather solid, inflated, with a well-developed anterior and pos- 
terior dorsal wing; dorsal line strongly incurved; beaks full, not high; a 


' The specific name was changed to contorta by Lea, because he thought his earlier 
name, lanceolata, was less appropriate. 


eae See 


Ee ene ae See ae 


- hee it 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. S61 


high, down-curved posterior ridge runs to the posterior basal point, and 
between this point and the posterior point of the wing the outline is 
deeply incurved; base and lower part of anterior end rounded; surface 
slightly sculptured with concentric ridges; beak sculpture probably 
zigzag rayed; anterior tooth of left valve elongate, slightly corru- 
gated, that of the right double; laterals in left valve double, single 
in the right, straight, elongated, thin, and prominent; nacre, rose 
tinted. 
Animal unknown. 


PSEUDAVICULA JOHNSTONI Smith. 


Unio (metaptera) johnstoni SmiruH, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1893, p. 640, pl. LIx, figs. 
18-20.! 


Lake Mweru, British Central Africa. 


Genus ARCIDOPSIS Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio footet Theobald.) 


Shell inequilateral, elongated, with dorsal and ventral lines nearly 
straight and parallel; anterior end strongly and obliquely truncated 
from the beaks to the anterior base, and ending in a rather sharp but 
rounded point below; posterior end obliquely truncated above, rounded 
below; posterior ridge full, rounded; the shell in front and below rather 
compressed; surface concentrically and radially ridged; pseudocardi- 
nals strong, two in the right valve, one in the left, and supported by a 
strong, cardinal rib; muscle sears well impressed; parallel line dis- 
tinct. Animal unknown.’ 


ARCIDOPSIS FOOTEI Theobald. 
* Unio footei THEOBALD, J]. As. Soc. Beng., XLV, 1876, p. 187, pl. x1v, figs, 9, 9a. 


Kistna River, India. 
The following are indeterminate Oriental Unionide: 


Unio acrorrhynchus VON MARTENS, 8. B. Nat Fr., 1894, p. 214. Korea. 

Unio alfierianus BOURGUIGNAT, Voy. Choa, 1885, p. 48. Choa, Central Africa. 

Unio antiniloticus BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soe. Zool. Fr., XI, 1880, p. 482, pl. xu, fig. 5. 
High Senegal. 

Unio ascia HANLEY, Biy. Shells, 1856, p. 385. 

Unio bridouxi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. & Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 138. Lake Tanganyika. 

Unio cyamus PHiLipPl, Zeits fiir Mal., VIII, 1852, p. 125. 8S. Africa. 

Unio diespiter MABILLE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., IV, 1887, p. 162. Tonkin. 

Unio dolichorhynchus TAPPERONE CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen., 1889, p. 348. 
Mercato de Mandelay. 


1A remarkable Naiad, closely imitating some of the South American Prisodons in 
general appearance, to which it may be nearly allied. 

2 Unfortunately Theobald’s Latin description of Unio footei is not at all complete. 
No laterals are mentioned, and he says nothing of the color of the epidermis or of 
thenacre. The beaks were too much worn in his specimens to give any characters. 
The shell resembles some of the Arcas of the Barbatia group, and may not belong to 
the Unionidae at all. 


862 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXL 

Unio forscali PARREYSS. Where described? Egypt. | 

Unio gianelli TAPPERONE CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen., 1889, p. 353. Mercato de 
Mandelay. 

Unio gibbus SPENGLER, Skriv. Selsk. Nat., III, 1793, p. 64. Tranquebar. 

Unio gladiator ANCEY, Le Nat., III, 1881, p. 468. Tonkin. 

Unio gottschei VON MARTENS, 8. B. Nat. Fr., 1894, p.215. Korea. 

Unio grantianus BouRGUIGNAT, Moll. Ny. Ouk., 1883, p.14. Lake Oukerewe, 
Central Africa, 

Unio guillemeti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. & Ir. Tan., 1886, p.15. Lake Tanganyika, 

Unio hagnei STRUBELL, Nach. Mal. Ges., 1897, p. 10. Sumatra. 

Unio hamyanus BOURGUIGNAT, Voy. Choa., 1885, p.42. Central Ethiopia. 

Unio idgi BoURGUIGNAT Moll. Terr. et Fluy. Choa, 1885, p. 39. Choa, Africa. 

Unio ilqui SOLEILET, Voy. Choa, 1885, p. 40. Central Ethiopia. 

Unio inequalis ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom., 1882, p. 44. Mekong. 

Unio jaculus ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Philom., 1882, p.44. Mekong. 

Unio josseti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. & Ir. Tan., 1886, p.19. Lake Tanganyika. 

Unio jouberti BoURGUIGNAT, Un. & Ir. Tan., 1886, p.8. Lake Tanganyika. 

Unio lavigerinus BOURGUIGNAT, Un. & Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 14. Lake Tanganyika. 

Unio ligula Mousson, L. & 8. W. Moll. Java, 1849, p.94. Java. 

Unio longitudinatus ANTON, Verz der Conch. 18389, p.? 

Diplodon ludovicianum ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., 1882, p.43. Mekong. 

Unio madagascariensis SGANZIN, Mem. Soc. Hist. Strab., 1846, p. 8. Mahoupa 
River, Madagascar. No figure. 

Unio menardi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. & Ir. Tan., 1886, p.20. Lake Tanganyika. 

Unio meneliki SOLILLET, Voy. Choa, 1885, p.41. Central Ethiopia. 

Unio moineti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. & Iv. Tan., 1886, p.11. Lake Tanganyika. 

Unio palembangensis STRUBELL, Nach. Mal. Ges., i887, p.10. Sumatra. 

Dysnomia pavonina ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., 1882, p.48. Cochin China. 

Unio pliculosus VON MARTENS, 8. B. Nat. Fr., 1894, p.216. Korea. 

Unio schweinfurthi VON MARTENS, 8S. B. Nat. Fr., 1886, p.127. Egypt. 

Unio sitifensis MORELET, J]. de Conch., 1853, p. 298. 

Unio soleilleti BOURGUIGNAT, Voy. Choa, 1885, p. 39. Central Ethiopia. 

Loncosilla solenoides RAFINESQUE, Cont. Mon., 1831, p.7. Jellinghy River, Bengal. 

Unio subamygdalinus DROUET, J1. de Conch., 1895, p. 33. West Africa. 

Unio truncatus SPENGLER, Skiv. Selsk. Nat., III, 1795, p.66. Tranquabar. 

Unio verrucifer VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1894, p. 216. Korea. 

Unio vinckei BoURGUIGNAT, Un. & Iv. Tan., 1886, p.18. Lake Tanganyika. 

Unio visserti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. & Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 21. Lake Tanganyika. 

Zaira elegans ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p. 12. 

Zairia poirieri ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p. 11. 

Zaina araneosa ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p. 11. 

Zairia sordida ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soe. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p. 18. 

Zaira disciformis ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III. 1886, p. 10. 


The last five from the Kongo. I know nothing whatever of the genus 
Zaira. It may be merely a new name for the section Celatura of the 
genus Nodularia. It was proposed by Rochebrune.! 


TeAUMie @ Rud AVE); S: 


Male and female shells alike, dull-colored; beak sculpture nearly or 
quite radial marsupinum occupying the entire inner branchie, forming 
a pad-like mass. 


1 Bull. Soe. Mal. Fr., 1886, p. 1. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 863 


Genus THTRAPLODON Spix, 1827. 


Castalia LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 66. 
Tetraplodon Sprx, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 32. 
Prisodon LEA, Synopsis, 1852, p. 18. 


Shell triangular, solid, inflated, with a high, sharp, posterior ridge, 
behind which it is decidedly truncated; beaks very full and high, 
sculpture strictly radial, or.with one or two pairs of the central bars 
coalescing below, the whole extending more or less over the disk as 
strong ridges; epidermis thick, dark, dull colored; hinge line arched; 
there is a very strong, compressed pseudocardinal in the left valve, and 
there are two in the right, all in front of the beaks; behind them are 
several denticles; one lateral in the right valve and two in the left; all 
the teeth strongly vertically ridged; beak cavities deep, not com- 
pressed; anterior muscle scars small, deep; nacre whitish. 

Animal having the labial palpi wider than long; margins of mantle 
inferiorly open, but united posteriorly to form two siphons, branchial 
and anal; branchial opening surrounded with papille; anal opening 
smooth; outer branchie united to the mantle to their posterior ends; 
inner united to the abdominal sac; foot tongue-shaped, thick, produced 
anteriorly. (Troschel.) 


(Type, Tetraplodon pectinatum Spix.)! 
(Group of Tetraptodon ambiguus characters, as in the genus.) 


t TETRAPLODON AMBIGUUS (Lamarck) Sowerby.” 


*? Prisodon truncatus SCHUMACKER, Ess. Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 139. 

*? Castalia ambiqua LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 67; GUERIN, Icon. Regne. 
An., 1829, pl. xxvu1.—* Wyatt, Man. Conch., 1838, p.65, pl. x1, fig. 5.— 
* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 149, fig. 735.—* SowERBy, Conch. Icon., XVII, 
1869, pl. 1, fig. 1. 

* Unio ambigua DESHAYES, Tr. Elem. Conch., 1839, p. 18, pl. XOCER, figs. 7-9. 

* Unio ambiguus SOWERBY, Rec. and Fos. Shells, X V1, 1823, fig. d.—* REEVE, 
Conch. Syst., 1841, p. 117, pl. rxxvu, fig. 2.—* CaTrLow and REEVE, Conch. 
Nom., 1845, p 55.—* DESHAYES, Tr. Elem., II, 1853, p. 219, pl. xxrx, figs. 7-9.— 
*KuSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 165, pl. xLvm1, fig. 1. 

* Tetraplodon pectinatum Sp1x, Test. Fluv. Bras.,1827, p.32, pl. xxv, figs. 3-4. 

“t+ Castalia inflata D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 43.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842; 
p. 173; * Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 173, pl. xxiv, fig. 12.—*pb’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. 
Mer., 1843, p.598, pl. Lx xu, figs. 4-10. 

“t Castalia turgida HuPE, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 76, pl. x1v, fig. 1.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 111, fig. 11. 


1 The name Castalia applied by Lamarck to this genus in 1819 can not stand, as it 
was used in Vermes in 1817. I have every reason to suppose that the young in this 
and all the South American genera of Unionide are carried in the inner gills. 

?Schumacher gave only a brief description of his Prisodon truncatus, and referred 
to no figure, and the same can be said of Lamarck regarding his Castalia ambigua, 
both of which are supposed by authors to be the above species. But either of these 
descriptions apply equally well to several species, therefore they can not be con- 
sidered authentic. 


864 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEOM. VOL, XXII. 


*t Castalia hanleyana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 1, fig. 5.—* Pa Tet, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189. ; 

* Castalia carolinensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 11, fig. 6.— 
*P2TEL, Conch. §am., ILI, 1890, p. 189. 

* Castalia cordata STROBEL, Mat. Mal., Pt. I, 1874, p. 75. 


Amazon and Rio de la Plata River systems. 
| TETRAPLODON QUADRILATERUM d’Orbigny. 


* Castalia quadrilatera D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., No. 62, 1835, p. 42.—* HANLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 173; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 173.—*D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. 
Mer , 1843, p.599, pl. Lxx111.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., XIII, 1847, Pt. 1, 
p. 222.—* VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 89. 

* Mya ambigua Woop, Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 200, pl. 1 (supp.), fig. 9. 

* Castalia acuticosta HuPE, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 77, pl. xv, fig. 3.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 111, figs. 12, 12a, 12b.—* Pa@TEL, Conch. Sam., 
TEN L890 pa 1So: 

* Castalia cordata H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 1857, p. 509, pl. cxx; III, 
figs. 2, 2a.—*SowrERBy, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 11, fig. 3.—*P& TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189. 

* Castalia latiquadrata SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 11, fig. 10.—*PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189. 


Tropical South America east of the Andes. Perhaps a form of am- 
biguus. 
+TETRAPLODON OVATUS Sowerby. 
* Castalia ovata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 1, fig. 4.—* Pa TEL, Conch 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 189. 
Brazil. 
+TETRAPLODON RETUSUS Hupe. 
* Castalia ambigua SOWERBY, Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 140. 


* Castalia retusa HUPE, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 75, pl. xiv, fig. 2.—*SowERBY, 
Conch. Icon., X VII, 1869, pl. 1, fig. 2,—* PTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189. 


Guiana. 


TETRAPLODON QUADRATUS Sowerby. 
x 


* Castalia quadrata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. 1, figs. 7, Ta, 7b.—= 
*P TEL, Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 189. 


TETRAPLODON SCHOMBERGIANUS Sowerby. 


*Castalia schombergiana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xiv, fig. 3.— 
* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189. 


Guiana. 

(Group of Tetraplodon multisulcatus.) 

Shell small, somewhat compressed, with a moderate posterior ridge, 
and covered throughout with delicate ridges; teeth more Unionoid than 
in the typical Tetraplodons. 

Animal unknown. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 865 


TETRAPLODON MULTISULCATUS Hupe. 


* Castalia ambigua BLAINVILLE, Man., 1825, p. 539, pl. LX v1, fig. 4. 

“Castalia multisuleata HuPE, Moll. Nouvy., III, 1857, p. 75, pl. x1v, fig. 4.—* Sow- 
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 1, figs. 9, 9a, 9b.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 189. 


Brazil. 
TETRAPLODON ECARINATUS Mousson. 


“Castalia ecarinata Mousson, Mal. Bl, XVI, 1869, p. 185.—* PrErrrER, Nov. 
Conch., IV, 1876, p. 140, pl. cxxx1, figs. 9, 10.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 189. 


Puerto Nuevo, Magdalena River, Colombia. 
TETRAPLODON CROSSEANUS Hidalgo. 


* Castalia crosseana HIDALGO, Jl. de Conch., XIII, 1865, pp. 316, 429, pl. xrv, fig. 
2.—* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189. 


Imbabura, Ecuador. 


Genus CASTALINA Von Ihering, 1891. 


Castalina VON IHERING, Zool. Anzeiger, 1891, p. 478. 


Shell somewhat triangular, inflated, but having the sides a little flat- 
tened, solid, with a strong posterior ridge, the subtruncate posterior 
Slope rising almost to a wing above; beaks full, high, with nearly 
strictly radial sculpture; surface slightly, irregularly, concentrically 
sulcate, sometimes a little corrugated; posterior slope generally plicate 
or corrugated; epidermis thick, rayless, blackish; hinge plate arched, 
wide; two to several radial pseudocardinals in each valve; two verti- 
cally or obliquely striate laterals in the left valve and one in the right; 
beak cavities deep; anterior muscle scars deep, united; nacre whitish. 

Animal, probably very much like that of Tetraplodon, but with the 
mantle closed or open at the branchial and anal openings. 


(Type, Castalina martensi von Ihering.) 
(Group of Castalina martenst.) 
Characters as in the genus. 
tCASTALINA MARTENSI von Ihering. 


* Castalina martenst VON IHERING, Zool. Anz., XIV, 1891, p.477; Arch. fiir Nat., 
1893, p. 81, pl. 11, fig. 5. 


Southern Brazil. 


tCASTALINA NEHRINGI von Ihering. 


Castalina nehringi VON THERING, Zool. Anz., XIV, 1891, p. 477; * Arch. fiir 
Nat., 1893, p. 75, pl. 111, fig. 4. 


Southern Brazil. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 


55 


866 © +=PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+tCASTALINA PSAMMOICA d’Orbigny. 


*Unio psammoica D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 85; * Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 608, 
pl. Lxx1, figs. 4-7.—* KusTEeR, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 263, pl. LXxxvil, 
fig. 4. 

“Castalina psammoica VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 79. 

*Margaron (Unio) psammoicus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 19; 1870, p. 30. 

* Unio psammoicus H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. MollL., IT, 1857, p. 498.—* SowErBy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc1, fig. 507.—* ParerL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 164. 


Tributaries of the Rio de la Plata. 


+CASTALINA UNDOSA von Martens. 


*Castalia wndosa VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1885, p. 148; * Conch. Mitth., III, 
1885, p. 19, pl. xu, figs. 2, 3.—P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 190.—von 
IneRING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 84.—* NEwrRING, Jl]. de Conch., 1894, p. 82. 


Southern Brazil. 
(Group of Castalina orbignyt.) 


Shell irregularly rhomboid, somewhat compressed, equilateral, ante- 
rior end rounded, posterior truncate, having a wide, shallow, radiating 
furrow above the rounded posterior ridge which causes a sinuosity in 
the outline; epidermis brownish yellow, hinge crenate; one pseudo- 
cardinal in the left valve and two in the right, which are jagged or 
somewhat broken up; laterals elongate and striate. 


CASTALINA ORBIGNYI Hupe and Deville.1 


*Unio orbignyt Hupz and DEVILLE, Rev. et Mag., 1850, p. 645, pl. xvi, fig. 1.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495. 

*Margaron ( Unio) orbignyi LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 24; 1870, p. 37. 

*Unio orbignyana Hupr, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 83, pl. xv, fig. 1. 

*Unio @orbignyanus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xcv1, fig. 523. 

* Unio orbignyanus PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 162. 


Upper Amazon. 


Genus CASTALIELLA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Castalia sulcata Krauss.) 


Shell subtriangular, greatly inflated, subsolid and strongly sulcate; 
beaks high, the sculpture regularly radiate; posterior ridge well defined 
and sharp; epidermis reddish chestnut; hinge line narrow, arched; there 
are two vertically striate pseudocardinals in the right valve, separated 
by a parallel-sided socket, the lower the larger and split, and three in the 
left standing side by side, the middle one the largest, the lower two 
torn, with a few small tubercles in each valve behind them; one granular 


‘IT do not know just wheve to place this species, never having seen it, and the 
descriptions not being full in essential details. It is probably a Castalina. No men- 
tion is made of sculpture, but from the figure it seems to be slightly sulcate. 


_——s eC 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. S67 


lateral in the right valve and two in the left, which show traces of 
vertical striation; beak cavities deep, not compressed; nacre purple.! 
Animal unknown. 


fCASTALIELLA SULCATA Krauss. 


*Castalia sulcata Krauss, Zeits. fiir Mal., 1849, p. 99.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 
1890, p. 190. 

* Unio kraussti Lm, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 376.2 

*Margaron (Unio) kraussti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 35. 


Surinam. 


Genus CALLONAIA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Castalia duprei Recluz. ) 


Shell triangular, thin, inflated, with very high, full beaks which 
appear to be without sculpture;* a very high, sharp posterior ridge 
extends to the base of the shell, above which it is decidedly truncated; 
anterior end somewhat pointed above, rounded below; ligament very 
short; surface nearly smooth but somewhat sulcate anteriorly; epi- 
dermis bright greenish yellow, shining; hinge line strongly arched; 
teeth compressed, high; two pseudocardinals in each valve, all inter- 
locking and side by side; one lateral in the right valve and two in the 
left, a little ragged and granularly vertically striate; beak cavities very 
deep, not compressed; muscle scars superficial; nacre brilliant, bluish 
white, radiately striate posteriorly. Animal unknown. 


tCALLONAIA DUPREI Recluz. 


* Castalia duprei RECLUZ, Rev. Zool., 1843, p. 305, pl. xxxv; * Mag. Zool., 1843, 
p. 1.—* H. and A. ApaMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 509.—* CuEnu, Man., 
1859, II, p. 149, fig. 738.—* Pa: TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189. 

* Unio dupret CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58. 

* Margaron (Prisodon) duprei LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 18; 1870, p. 27. 

*Castalia dolabella SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 111, figs. 13 a, 13 b, 13 ¢.— 
* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189. 


Great lakes of Para, Brazil. 


1'This species, of which the type is in the Lea collection, has some of the characters 
of Prisodon and Castalina, but I can not satisfactorily refer it to either, and it is cer- 
tainly not a Diplodon. Its strong sulcation, reddish chestnut epidermis, and purple 
nacre are characters that are not possessed by any South American Naiades that Iam 
acquainted with. 

?Lea received this shell from Dr. Dunker under the name of Castalia sulcata Krauss. 
Believing it to be a Unio, he placed it in that genus, and the name sulcatus being 
preoccupied in Unio, he changed it as above. 

3In one of Lea’s shells the beaks are almost perfect, and not a sign of sculpture 
can be seen. 


868 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


Genus HYRIA. Lamarek, 1819. 
(Type, Hyria corrugata Lamarck.) 


Hyria LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 81.' 
Triplodon Spr1x, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 35. 
Naia SwaInsoN, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 379. 


Shell subrhomboidal, solid, slightly inflated, narrower and dorsally , 


winged in front, and having a post-dorsal wing; posterior ridge often 
double, causing the shell to be biangulate behind; beaks low, with 
strong, nearly radial sculpture, the central bars coalescing below, the 
whole continuing as strong, radial, and zigzag ridges over more or less 
of the disk; epidermis thick, greenish when young, brownish or black- 
ish when old; there are two or more rather short, compressed pseudo- 
cardinals in each valve, which are much split up into denticles; one 
lateral in the right and two in the left valve; teeth often somewhat 
vertically striated ; dorsal scars numerous; nacre whitish. 

Animal with mantle lobes united together behind and furnished with 
two short, contractile siphons. (J. H. Gray.) 


Subgenus HYRIA Lamarck, 1819. 
(Type, Hyria corrugata Lamarck.) 
Characters as in the genus. 
+ HYRIA CORRUGATA Lamarck. 


* Hyria corrugata LAMARCK, An.sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 82.—* SowERBY, Rec. and 


Foss. Shells, 1828, No. XVI, fig. d; *Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 144.—* REEVE, 
Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 120, pl. xc, fig. 2.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 215; 
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p.215.—* CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.— 
* KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 140, pl. x11, fig. 1.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, 
II, p. 149, fig. 733.—* REEVE, Elem. Conch., II, 1860, pl. xx x1, fig. 179.—* Sow- 
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl.1, fig. 1.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 189. 
* 2 Unio corrugata BLAINVILLE, Man., 1825, p. 539, pl. Lx vil, fig. 1. 


1Jn 1753 Klein (Testamen Méthodi, p. 135, pl. 9, fig.36) used the name Triquctra 
for the shell which has since been known as Hyria syrmatophora Gronovius. In 
1817 Schumacher founded the genus Prisodon (Essai Nouv. Systeme, p. 138), in 
which under section a he placed his P. obliquus, a smooth species considerably 
drawn out, and in section b he put P. truncatus, which is possibly the same as the 
Castalia ambigua of Lamarck. These certainly belong to two genera. Dr. Lea in the 
Synopsis used Klein’s name for the winged shell (Hyria corrugata Lamarck), and used 
the name Prisodon for Schumacher’s section b (P. truncatus Schumacher). Lea erred in 
this, because Klein was not a binomial author, and his name-can not be used. In the 
proceedings of the U.S. National Museum, XVIII, 1896, p. 315, I restored the name 
of Prisodon Schumacher to the first section, pointing out that the P. obliquus Schu- 
macher must stand as its type. Two years after Schumacher’s name appeared 
Lamarck published the generic name Hyria in the Animaux sans Vertebres, VI, 1819, 
p. 81, and placed in it first his H. avicularis, which equals Schumacher’s P. obliquus, 
and secondly H. corrugata. I now believe that these corrugated forms are generically 
distinct from the smooth ones, and as Schumacher’s Paxyodon is almost certainly 
founded on one of the smooth species, Lamarck’s name Hyria can be used by elimi- 
nation for the corrugatus and allied forms. 


Se ee ee 


NO, 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 869 


* Margaron (Triquetra) corrugata LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 17; 1870, p. 25. 
* Triquetra corrugata H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 508. 
* ? Triplodon rugosum Spix, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 35, pl. XXIX, figs. 1,2. 
* Hyria rugosa DESHAYES, Ene. Méth., II, 1827, p. 151, pl. ccxivtr, fig. 2. 
* Mya angulata Woop, Ind. Test. Sup., 1828, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 12. 
* Margarita (Unio) angulatus Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 10; 1838, p. 13. 
* Hyria exasperata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. u, fig. 3.—*PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189. 
Eastern Peru to Guiana; south throughout Brazil. 


+HYRIA RUGOSISSIMA Sowerby. 
* Hyria rugosissima SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 111, fig. 5.—* Parez, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189. 
Amazon River. 
HYRIA LATIALATA Sowerby. 
* Hyria latialata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. u, fig. 4.—* PaTeL, 
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 189. 
Guiana. 
+HYRIA TRANSVERSA Hupe. 
* Hyria transversa HUPE, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 79, pl. xv, fig. 1.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. rv, fig. 7.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 
189. 
Brazil. 
Subgenus TRIQUETRANA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio stevensi Lea.') 

Shell compressed, with a feebly developed posterior wing, thickened 
in front; each valve with about three somewhat divergent pseudo- 
cardinals which are sometimes nearly smooth and at others break into 
denticles; one granular lateral in the right valve and two in the left 
which are sometimes obliquely and faintly vertically striate; external 
sculpture much as in Hyria. Animal unknown. 


+HYRIA STEVENSI Lea. 


* Unio stevensi La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p. 188; «Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 22, pl. vit, fig. 19; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 26, pl. vil, fig. 19. 


Yuruari River, Guiana. 


Genus PRISODON Schumacher, 1817. 
(Type, Mya syrmatophora Meuschen in Gronovius. ) 


Triquetra KLEIN, Tent. Methodi, Ost, 1753, p. 135. 
Prisodon SCHUMACHER (part), Essai Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 138. 
Paxyodon SCHUMACHER, Essai Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 139. 
Shell aviculiform, solid, somewhat inflated, with a well-developed 
posterior ridge, the area above it being excavated, its outline from the 


1This shell bears much the same relation to Hyria that Castalina does to Tetra- 
plodon, its teeth being more unionoid than those of Hyria and the shell more 
compressed. 


870 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


hinder basal point to the end of the post dorsal wing generally 
incurved; posterior slope having a radial row of plications, as in Cris- 
taria; surface slightly concentrically sculptured and having delicate 
radiating lire throughout, so that the surface is microscopically retic- 
ulated; beaks full, but not elevated, without sculpture as far as noticed ; 
epidermis yellowish green or brownish, shining, often bronzy; hinge 
narrow under the beaks, widening in front and behind; left valve with 
two or more elongated compressed pseudocardinals which show a 
tendency to break into denticles, and two laterals; right valve with 
two or more similar pseudocardinals and a single lateral; laterals 
vertically, granularly striate. 

Animal with the labial palpi triangular, the hinder parts free as in 
Unio, not united posteriorly; branchie large, equal in size. (Troschel.) 


Subgenus PRISODON Schumacher, 1817. 
(Type, Mya syrmatophora Meuschen. ) 


Characters as in the genus. 


+PRISODON SYRMATOPHORUS Meuschen in Gronovius. 


* Triquetra subviridis KLEIN, Tent. Méth. Ost., 1753, p. 135, pl. 1x, fig. 36.'\—* H. and 
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.505; III, pl. cxx, figs. 1, la.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189. 

* Margaron (Triquetra) subviridis Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 17; 1870, p. 25. 

* Mya syrmatophora MEUSCHEN in Gronovius, Zooph., 1781, pl. x vi1t, figs. 1, 2.2— 
*GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1788, No. 3222.—* Woop, Gen. Conch., I, 1815, p. 110.— 
* DILLWYN, Cat., I, 1817, p.54.—* Woop, Ind. Test., 1825, p. 12, pl. 01, fig. 36. 

* Hyria syrmatophora SOWERBY, Rec. and Foss. Shells, XVI, 1823, fig.d; ~Conch. 
Man., 1839, fig. 143.—* REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 120, pl. xc, fig. 1.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 214; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 214.—* CaTLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Man., 1845, p. 65.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., XIII, 
Pt. I, 1847, p. 271.—* Woop, Ind. Test. rev., 1856, p. 17, pl. 11, fig. 36.—* HuPE, 
Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 79, pl. xv, fig. 2.—*SOwWERBy, Conch. Icon., XVII, 
1869, pl. v, fig. 2.—* PazTuL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 189. 

* Unio syrmatophora DESHAYES, Tr. Elem., II, 1853, p. 219, pl. xxrx, figs. 10, 11. 

* Margarita (Unio) syrmatophorus Lua, Syn., 1836, p. 11; 1838, p. 13. 

* % Paxyodon ponderosus SCHUMACHER, Hss. Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 140, pl. x1, fig. 3. 

* Hyria avicularis var. b. LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 82. 


Guiana; Brazil. 
tPRISODON COMPLANATUS Hupe. 


* Hyria complanata Hupx, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 80, pl. xv, fig. 3.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. Iv, fig. 9.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 189. 

* Hyria syrmatophora KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 141, pl. XL, fig. 4. 


Guiana. 


'Klein’s species evidently equals the syrmatophora of Gronovins, but his name can 
not be used, as he was not a binomial author. 

2Gronovius used only generic names in the Zoophylaceum, and died while the 
work was in progress. Meuschen finished it and figured the above species and 
described it in the explanation of the plate, 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 871 


+ PRISODON ALATUS Sowerby.! 


* Hyria alata SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. v, fig. 13.—ParEL, Conch. 
Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 189. 


Guiana. 
PRISODON CASTELNAUDI Hupe. 


* Hyria castelnaudi Huper, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 81, pl. xv, fig. 1.—* Sow- 
ERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. rv, fig. 8.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 189.” 


Brazil. 
tPRISODON OBLIQUUS Schumacher. 


* Prisodon obliquus SCHUMACHER, Ess. Nouv. Syst., 1817, p. 139, pl. x1, fig. 2.3 

* Hyria obliqua P#TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 189. 

*Hyria avicularis LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 82.—* Croucu, Ill. Int. 
Lam., 1827, p.16, pl. 1x, figs. 5 a, b.—*Srark, Nat. Hist., II, 1828, p. 89.— 
*WyatTt, Man. Conch., 1838, p. 67, pl. v, fig. 4.—* DELESsERT, Rec. Coq. Lam., 
1841, pl. xu, fig. 9.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 214; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 
214, pl. xxiv, fig. 11.—*CarLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.— 
* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., XIII, Pt. 1, 1847, p. 271, pl. vi, fig. 3.—* CHENu, 
Man., 1859, II, p. 149, fig. 734.—* SowErRBy, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. 111, 
figs. 6 a, b. 

*~ Unio avicularis DESHAYES, Enc. Méth., II, 1830, p. 583; ~Traite Elem. Conch., 
1839, p. 18, pl. xxx, figs. 10, 11. 

* Hyria avicularia GUERIN, Icon. Regne An., 1844, II, pl. xxv, fig. 8. 

* Unio caudatus WAGNER, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 35, pl. xx vil, figs. 1, 2. 

* Diplodon furcatum Spix, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 35, pl. xxvut, figs. 1, 2. 

* Hyria elongata SWAINSON, Ex. Conch., 1841, p. 29, pl. xxiv. 

* Triquetra elongata H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Mol1., I!, 1857, p. 508. 


Amazon drainage; southward through Brazil. 
PRISODON RECTUS Sowerby.‘ 


* Hyria recta SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1868, pl. v, fig. 10.—* P# TEL, Conch. 
Sam., IIE, 1890, p. 189. 


South America; locality unknown. 


tPRISODON BROWNIANUS Lea. 


*Unio brownianus Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 1838, p. 108, pl. xxrv, fig. 116; *Obs., II, 
1838, p. 108, pl. xxiv, fig. 116.—* TroscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, Pt. 2, 
p. 237. 

* Margarita (Unio) brownianus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 13. 

* Hyria browniana HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.215; * Biv. Shells, 1845, p. 215.— 
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.65.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., 
XVII, 1869, pl. v, fig. 12.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 189. 


1 This form has the posterior wing greatly produced and curved upward. I doubt 
whether it is more than a form of syrmatophora. 

2This is probably a variety of obliquus Schumacher. 

3Only a part of the interior is figured, but from its form I think there need be no 
doubt as to what the author meant. 

4This may be only a peculiar obliquus. The dorsal line curves up in the center. 


872 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, ~ VOL. XXII. | 


* Margaron (Triquetra) browniana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.17; 1870, p. 26. 
* Triquetra browniana H.and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 508. 


Amazon River. 


Subgenus HYRIANA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio ortonit Lea.) 


Shell solid, compressed, elliptical, with a slight posterior dorsal wing 
and a strong one anteriorly, and a well-defined but low posterior ridge 
ending in a point well above the base, inflated at post-basal region, dis- 
tinctly suleate; beaks low, apparently not rayed; epidermis shining, 
light yellowish brown; hinge line evenly curved; pseudocardinals 
numerous, much split into denticles and crooked; two laterals in the 
left valve and one (no doubt) in the right; beak cavities very shallow; 
dorsal scars numerous, anterior scars deep; nacre whitish, radially 
grooved along the palleal line.' 


tPRISODON ORTONII Lea. 


* Unio ortonti Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.161; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1868, p. 321, pl. Lu, fig. 184; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 81, pl. Lu, fig. 134.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

* Margaron (Unio) ortonit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 28. 


River Napo, Ecuador. 


Genus DIPLODON Spix, 1827. 
(Type, Diplodon ellipticum Spix.) 
Diplodon Sri1x, Test. Fluy. Bras., 1827, p. 33, pl. XXvI. 


Shell elliptical, rounded, elongated or trapezoidal, with rather low 
beaks which are more or less distinctly radially sculptured, the ridges 
usually curved and approaching below, with a low or scarcely developed 
posterior ridge; surface slightly concentrically sculptured, sometimes 
broken into fine nodules or corrugations; epidermis dull, rayless; hinge 
with two compressed pseudocardinals in the right valve, and one 
slender lateral, and two compressed pseudocardinals in the left valve, 
one in front of the other, and two laterals; nacre bluish to white, dull, 
often blotched; beak cavities shallow; dorsal scars numerous, forming 
a row in the beak cavity parallel with the hinge line. 

Animal with the marsupium occupying nearly the whole length of the 
inner branchie, a few ovules sometimes being found in the outer gills; ” 


17 have seen only a single left valve, the type. The anterior wing of this is gone, 
and the epidermis is somewhat eroded. The shell has been injured when young, 
which has probably caused a long, low, radial furrow that runs in front of the pos- 
teriorridge. The space occupied by the pseudocardinals is not so long proportionally 
as in typical Prisodon. 

27 found a few ovules in the outer gills of D. acutirostris Lea, of South America, 
while the inner gills were full, and Mr. Henry Suter states that the ovules of D. men- 
ziezi Gray, of New Zealand, occupy the inner gills for the most part. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 873 


branchie rather large, angular at base, inner much the larger, united 
their whole length to the abdominal sac; palpi scarcely projecting 
posteriorly; mantle very thin, thickened on the edges; branchial open- 
ing papillose, separated from the smooth anal opening by a strong 
bridge; superanal opening not closed below. 


Subgenus DIPLODON Spix, 1827. 


Beak sculpture consisting of unbroken ridges, covering the whole 
beaks. 

Animal having the labial palpi rounded below and at posterior base, 
scarcely projecting behind. 


(Type, Diplodon ellipticum Spix.) 
(Group of Diplodon delodontus.) 


Shell elliptical to subtrapezoidal, inflated, subsolid, with a low pos- 
terior ridge, sometimes having a slight posterior dorsal wing; one or 
two central pairs of bars of the beak sculpture usually joining below; 
pseudocardinals sometimes slightly dentellate. 

Animal having the characters of the genus. 


+ DIPLODON DELODONTUS Lamarck. 


*Unio delodonta LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p. 77.—* DELESSERT, Rec. 
Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. xu, fig. 7—*D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 605.— 
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—* CHENU, IIl. Conch., 1858, 
pl. xu, figs. 1. la. 

* Margarita (Unio) delodontus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 26; 1838, p. 20. 

*Unio délodontus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.194; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 194, pl. 
XXI, fig. 56.—* H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* KusrEr, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 234, pl. Lx xvi, fig. 5.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 

1890, p. 150. 

*Margaron (Unio) delodontus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46. 

*Unio delodon STROBEL, Mat. Mal., Pt. 1, 1874, p. 71. 

*t Unio lacteolus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 40, pl. vi, fig. 19; * Obs., I, 
1834, p. 152, pl. vii, fig. 19.—* D’ORBIGNY, Mag. Zool., 1835, p. 34. 


Argentina; Paraguay; Uruguay; southern Brazil. 


+ DIPLODON RHOMBEUS Wagner. 


*Unio rhombeus WAGNER, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 34, pl. xxviu, figs. 1, 2.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll, 1842, p. 208; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 208, pl. xxu1, fig. 20.— 
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 63.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 165. 

* Margarita (Unio) rhombeus LEA, Syn.. 1836, p. 39; 1838, p. 25. 

* Margaron ( Unio) rhombeus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. 


Brazil. 
tDIPLODON PAULISTA von Ihering. 


* Unio paulista VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 93, pl. 1v, fig. 7.—* NEHRING, 
Jl. de Conch., 1894, p. 82. 


Sao Paulo, Brazil. 


$74 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


tDIPLODON AMPULLACEUS Lea. 


* Unio ampullaceus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p.34; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1868, p. 269, pl. xxxv, fig. 83; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 29, pl. xxxy, fig. 83. 
* Margaron (Unio) ampullaceus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53. 


South America. 
t DIPLODON APPRIMUS Lea. 
* Unio apprimus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 34; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1868, p. 263, pl. xxx111, fig. 78; Obs., XII, 1869, p. 23, pl. xx x11, fig. 78. 
* Margaron (Unio) apprimus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 
South America. 
+tDIPLODON WYMANII Lea.! 


*Unio wymanii Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.90; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1863, p. 381, pl. xxu, fig. 289; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 17, pl. xu, fig. 289.— 
*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxx1v, fig. 449.—* VON MARTENS, 
Mal. B1., XV, 1868, p. 193.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172. 

* Margaron (Unio) wymanti, Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 30. 


Uruguay River, South America. 


DIPLODON EXPANSUS Kuster.? 


* Unio expansus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 149, pl. xLut, fig. 5.—* P&S TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 


Brazil ?. 
+DIPLODON PECULIARIS Lea. 


*Unio peculiaris Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 33; *J1. Acad. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1868, p. 265, pl. xxxiv, fig. 80; Obs., XII, 1869, p. 25, pl. xxxIv, fig. 80. 

* Margaron ( Unio) peculiaris LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 47. 

*tUnio paraguayensis Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 34; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 271, pl. xxxv, fig. 85; Obs., XII, 1869, p. 31, pl. xxxv, fig. 
85.—* VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1895, p. 34. 

* Margaron (Unio) paraguayensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 

*?Unio nitidulus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio., 1848, p. 226, pl. LXxviI, fig. 6.— 
*PatTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 161. 


Paraguay. 
+DIPLODON FIRMUS Lea.’ 


*Unio firmus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p.33; *J]. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., VI, 
1868, p. 267, pl. XXXIV, fig.82; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 27, pl. xxx1v, fig. 82. 
*Margaron (Unio) firmus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 45. 


DIPLODON FIRMUS var. BOZTTGERI von Ihering. 


*Unio firmus LEA var. betigeri VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 105, pl. rv, 
fig. 2.—* NEHRING, Jl. de Conch., 1894, p. 83. 


Brazil. 


' Extremely close to apprimus, and probably only a young shell of that species. 

27 know nothing of this. It looks more like an Australian than a South American 
form, and is quite likely a D. australis. Kuster credits it to Charpentier mann- 
script. ! 

3A little longer and more solid than peculiaris, but I doubt whether it is distinct. 
The types of these two and paraguayensis are badly worn. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 875 


t DIPLODON URUGUAYENSIS Lea. 


*Unio uruguayensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 90; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1863; p. 388, pl. XLV, fig. 298; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 241, pl. xLv, fig. 298.— 
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxIv, fig. 448.—* Parr, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 171. 

*Margaron (Unio) uruguayensis La, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 

Uruguay River, South America. 


tDIPLODON WHEATLEYANUS Lea. 


*Unio wheatleyanus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.94; *Obs., VI, 1857,p. 
28, pl. xxIx, fig. 23; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1858, p. 308, pl. xx1x, fig. 23.— 
*SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. XL, fig. 487.—* STROBEL, Mat. Mal., 
Pt. 1, 1874, p. 71. 

*Margaron (Unio) wheatleyanus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 50. 


Argentina. 
tDIPLODON RUDUS Lea. 


*Unio rudus L¥A, Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., II], 1859, p. 187; *J1. Ac. Nat. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 266, pl. xi, fig.146; Obs., VII, 1860, p. 84, pl. xin, fig. 
146.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 261, pl. LXxxvu11, fig. 1. 

*Margaron (Unio) rudus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 50. 

* Unio rudis P®TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 166. 


Rio de la Plata. 
tDIPLODON GREEFIANUS von Thering. 


*Unio greefianus VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 96, pl. Iv, fig. 18.!\—*NEH- 
RING, Jl. de Conch., 1894, p. 82. 


Sao Paulo, Brazil. 
tDIPLCDON PIGER Lea. 


*Unio piger Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.90; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila.,V, 
1863, p. 388; *Obs., X, p. 23, pl. XLV, fig. 296.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 
1868, pl. LXXXIV, fig. 449.—* Pa TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 

* Margaron (Unio) piger LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 


Uruguay River, South America. 


tDIPLODON PRUNOIDES Lea. 


*Unio prunoides Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 150; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 323, pl. Lin, fig. 136; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 83, pl. L111, fig. 136. 
* Margaron (Unio) prunoides LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 47. 


South Ameriea. ? 


tDIPLODON BESKEANUS Dunker. 


*Unio beskeanus DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., V, 1848, p. 182.2 
* Margaron ( Unio) beskeanus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 61. 


Brazil. 


1Credited to Dunker Manuscript. 

2There is a specimen in the Lea collection contributed under this name by Dunker 
himself. It is near locellus and suavidicus. I do not know that it has ever been 
figured. 


876 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. f 


s 


+DIPLODON LOCELLUS Lea. 


*Unio locellus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 34; *J1.Ac.N. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1868, p. 264, pl. Xxx1UJ, fie. 79; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 24, pl. xxxm1, fig. 79. 
* Margaron (Unio) locellus Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 47. 
Argentina. 
tDIPLODON SUAVIDICUS Lea. 
* Unio suavidicus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.95; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 29, 
pl. xx1x, fig. 24; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1898, p. 309, pl. xxix, fig. 24. 
* Margaron (Unio) suavidicus La, Syn., 1870, p. 54. 
Amazon. 
+DIPLODON BROWNII Lea. 
* Unio brownit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.95; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 27, 


pl. XxIx, fig. 22; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 307, pl. xx1x, fig. 22. 
* Margaron (Unio) brownti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 61. 


South America?. Dr. Lea reports it from Mocha, Asia (with a ques- 
tion), which is certainly an error. 


+ DIPLODON LEAI Simpson.! 


* Margarita ( Unio) modestus L¥A, Syn., 1836, p. 32; 1838, p. 22. 
* Margaron (Unio) modestus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 54. 
* Unio modestus H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493. 
Brazil. : 
+tDIPLODON RHUACOICUS d’Orbigny. 


* Unio rhuacoica D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.35; * Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 606, 
pl. LXIX, figs. 4, 5. 

* Margaron ( Unio) rhuacoicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 54. 

* Unio rhyacoicus VON MARTENS, Mal. B1., XV, 1868, p. 195. 

* Monocondylea rhyacaeca P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 


Uruguay. 
tDIPLODON CHARRUANUS 4d Orbigny. 


* Unio charruana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 35; Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 606, 
pl. LxXxI, figs. 8-14. 


described by that author or anyone else. In 1856 Kuster properly described and 
figured a species in the Conchylien Cabinet (Vol. Unio, p. 147, pl. x11n, fig.2) under 
the name of Unio modestus, which he credits to Charpentier’s manuscript, a different 
shell from that referred to by Lea and the Adams brothers. If the latter was never 
described the name modestus can not be used for it, as it was first properly applied to 
another species. The shells in Lea’s collection may be described as follows: Shell 
smalJ, subrhomboid, rather solid; beaks full with radial sculpture, the two middle 
bars coalescing; surface faintly concentrically sculptured, dark olive; two com- 
pressed pseudocardinals in each valve which are strongly obliquely striated; two 
laterals in the left valve and one in the right; anterior muscle scars distinct; 
nacre bluish; beak cavities shallow. Length 28, height 17, diameter 13 mm. 


=i 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. S77 


* Margaron (Unio) charruanus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 54. 

*Unio charruanus H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* Sowmrsy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xciu, figs. 505, 505a, 505b.—* ParEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 

*Unio faba D’ORBIGNY, Mag. Zool., 1835, p. 35.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 
197.—* D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 606, pl. LXx1, figs. 8-11.—* Han- 
LEY, Biv. Shell, 1843, p. 197.—*CatLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 
58.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 494.—* Pare, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 

* Margarita (Unio) faba LEa, Syn., 1838, p. 21. 

*Margaron (Unio) faba LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 50. 


Uruguay. 
DIPLODON CAIPIRA von Ihering. 


*Unio caipira VON IHERING, Arch. fiir. Nat., 1893, p. 98, pl. 1v, fig. 9.—* NEHRING, 
J1. de Conch., 1894, p. 83. 


Southern Brazil. 


t DIPLODON PICEUS Lea. 


*Unio piceus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 91; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 
1863, p. 397, pl. XI, fig. 287; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 15, pl. x11, fig. 287. 

* Margaron (Unio) piceus LEA, Syn., 1870, p.53. 

* Unio suppositus VON IHERING (according to von Ihering), where is it described? 


Uruguay River, South America. 
+ ? DIPLODON WAGNERIANUM Simpson.! 


*Unio ellipticus WAGNER, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 33, pl. xxv1, figs. 1, 2.—* H. 
and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 497.—* KustTEr, Conch. Icon. Unio, 


1861, p. 238, pl. Lx xx, fig. 2.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxx1v, 
fig. 382.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151. 
*Margaron (Unio) ellipticus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 31. 


Brazil. 


+ DIPLODON AZTHIOPS Lea. 


'*Onio ethiops LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 91; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 
1863, p. 377, pl. xi. fig. 285; Obs., X, 1863, p. 13, pl. xLI, fig. 285.—* von 
Martens, Mal. B1., XVI, 1868, p. 196. 

* Margaron (Unio) ethiops LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53. 


DIPLODON 4ZTHIOPS var. PIRICICABANA von Ihering. 


*Unio ethiops, LBA, var. piricicabana VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p.102.— 
* NEBRING, J]. de Conch., 1894, p. 83. 


Uruguay and Paraguay rivers; southern Brazil. 


1Barnes applied the name Unio ellipticus in 1823 to a species which is believed to 
be Unio ligamentinus. Wagner placed this shell in the genus Unio in the text, but 
Spix called it Diplodon ellipticum in the plate. J therefore change the name to 
wagnerianum. Ihave never seen a shell that just agrees with his figure. It is near 
ethiopiformis von Ihering. 


878 PROCEEDINGSOR\THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. : 


+ DIPLODON DIVARIUATUS Lea.! 

*Unio divaricatus LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 64, pl. rx, fig. 24; *Obs., I, 
1834, p. 176, pl. 1x, fig. 24.—* HaNLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 197; ~ Biv. Shells, 
1843, p. 197, pl. xx1u, fig. 36.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 
58.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., Il, 1857, p. 494.—* JickrELi, Faun. 
Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 280.—* PHTEL, Coneh. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 151. 

*Margarita (Unio) divaricatus LEa, Syn., 1836, p. 29; 1838, p. 21. 

* Margaron (Unio) divaricatus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 31; 1870, p. 49. 


South America. 


{DIPLODON BINNEYI Lea.? 


* Unio binneyt Lea, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1845, p. 166; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 
1848, p.77, pl.vi, fig. 18; *Obs., IV, 1848, p. 51, pl. vi, fig. 18.—* Conrap, Pr. 
Ac.N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 245.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moil., II, 1857. 
p.493.—* B. H. Wrieut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 146. 

* Margaron (Unio) binneyi LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29; 1870, p. 46. 


South America. 
(Group of Diplodon granosus.) 


Shell elliptical to subtrapezoidal, somewhat compressed, rather thin, 
beaks low, the sculpture irregularly radial, the ridges narrow and sharp, 
separated by wide, trough-like spaces, the outer in particular often 
becoming somewhat nodulous or corrugated, the inner approaching and 
united below; surface sometimes slightly concentrically ridged and 
eranose; teeth delicate, compressed ; nacre bluish.’ 

Animal unknown. 


+DIPLODON GRANOSUS Bruguiere. 


*Unio granosa BRUGUIER®, Jl. de Hist. Nat., 1, 1792, p. 107, pl. vi, figs. 3, 4.—- 
*LaMaRrck, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p.79.—* DEsHAyYeEsS, Enc. Meth., II, 1827, 
p. 151, pl. ccxuix, fig. 2. 

* Unio granosus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.182; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 182, pl. 
xxi, fig. 21.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.59.—* H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* DrougET, Moll. Guyane, 1859, p. 86. 


'Credited by Lea to Egypt, but no doubt a South American species, as it has 
regular radial beak sculpture and appears to belong with this group. 

2Dr. Lea believes that this shell came from Alabama, but it certainly did not. It 
‘is undoubtedly a Scuth American form. The type, the only shell I have seen is 
dead and in bad condition; but the beaks have radial sculpture, and I think it be- 
longs here. 

3No wide distinction exists between this and the preceding group, and there are 
species which might be assigned about as easily to one as the other. In general the 
forms of this division are more delicate, thinner, and more compressed than those of 
the Delodontus group. There are few clear characters in any of the species. Philippi 
and others have, it seems to me, unduly multiplied names for these forms, and the 
lack of suitable material and their extrere simplicity and similarity make it impos- 
sible for me to always determine which are valid. The synonymy is in bad shape, 
but I have done the best I could at straightening it out. 


: 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE N‘1TA. S—SIMPSON. 879 


*Margarita ( Unio) granosus a, Syu., 1856, p. 17; 1838, p. 16. 

*Margaron (Unio) granosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 34. 

~Unio multistriatus LEA,! Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., IV, 1831, p. 91, pl. x11, fig. 22; *Obs. 
I, 1834, p. 101, pl. xi, fig. 22.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 176; ~Biv. 
Shells, 1843, p. 176, pl. xx, fig. 35.—*CaTLow and ReEEve, Conch. Nom., 
1845, p. 61.—* CHENU, III. Conch., 1858, pl. x1, figs. 2, 2a, 2b.—* SowERsBy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxv, fig. 455.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 160. 

* Margarita ( Unio) multistriatus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 13; 1838, p. 14. 

* Unio multistriata D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 607. 

* Unio pfeifferi DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., V, 1848. p. 181.—* PFEIFFER, Nov. Conch., 
II, 1866, p. 151, pl. xxxIXx, figs. 4-9.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 165. 

*Unio psammactinus Puivipri, Conch., III, 1848, p. 79, pl. v, fig. 2.—* KusTEr, 

. Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 159, pl. xiv, fig. 6.2—* VON MARTENS, Mal. BL., 

XV, 1868, p. 194. 

*+Unio famelicus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., III, 1850, p. 294;3 U. S. Expl. 
Exp., XII, 1852, p.432, figs. 544, 544a, 544b.—* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1853, p. 249.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.— 
* GOULD, Otia. Conch., 1862, p. 88.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 
LXXxV, fig. 391.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) famelicus Lea, Syn., 1852, p.34; 1870, p. 54. 

*Unio niloticus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lx x11, fig. 374. 


Brazil; Guiana. 


DIPLODON GRANULIFERUS Dunker. 


*Unio granuliferus DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., V, 1848, p. 182.—* Preirrrr, Nov. 
Conch., II, 1866, p. 150, pl. xx xIx, figs. 1-3. 
*Unio granulifer P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. 154. 


Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 


+ DIPLODON EFFULGENS Lea. 


* Unio effulgens Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p.94; “JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phil., 
III, 1857, p. 303, pl. xx vill, fig. 18; *Obs., VI, 1857, p. 23, pl. xxvu1l, fig. 18.— 
P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 151.—*von InERinG, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, 
p. 106. 

*Margaron ( Unio) effulgens Lea, Syn., 1870, p.-35. 

*Unio eurhynchus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 237, pl. Lxx1x, fig. 5.— 
*Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 


2razil. 


‘The type presented by Mrs. Mawe is not in the Lea collection, but there are 
fairly typical examples init. The species varies much in form and sculpture, some 
specimens being smooth, and all variations occur to those quite granose throughout. 
Lea places his species in the synonymy U. ellipticus Spix, which I think is an error. 
The type of multistriatus is more elongated than tke figure of U. granosus in the 
Encyclopedie Méthodique, but agrees very well with undoubted specimens cf this 
species which I have seen. 

2Credited by Kuster to Broun in litt. 

3Credited by Gould to Walla Walla, Oregon. Itis a young, rather smooth granosus 
I am sure, and the habitat given is wrong. The type isin the U.S. National Museum. 


880 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL, XXII. 


+DIPLODON RUFOFUSCUS Lea. 


“Unio rufofuscus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IX, 1865, p.76; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1868, p. 282, pl. xxx1Xx, fig. 96; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 42, pl. xxxIx, fig. 96. 
* Maragon ( Unio) rufofuscus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 31. 


South America. 
DIPLODON DEMARARAENSIS Lea. 


*Unio demararaensis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 152; “Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 253, pl. Xxx1rx, fig. 133; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 71, pl. XxxIx, 
fig. 133.—*REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxi, fig. 99. 

* Maragron (Unio) demararaensis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 36. 

* Unio demararaensis Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 


Demerara. 
+ DIPLODON LEPIDIOR Lea. 


*Unio lepidus Lwa,! Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 91; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1863, p. 390, pl. u, fig. 306; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 25, pl. L, fig. 306. 
* Margaron (Unio) lepidior LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53. - 


Uruguay River. 
tDIPLODON PARCUS Lea. 


* Unio parcus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 34; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 
1868, p. 262, pl. Xxx x1Ul, fig. 77; * Obs., XII, 1869, p. 22, pl. xxx, fig. 77. 
* Margaron (Unio) parcus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 47. 


South America. 
+DIPLODON CHILENSIS Gray. 


* Unio chilensis GRAY, Spic. Zool., 1828, pl. v1, fig. 12.—* PuiLipri, Conch., III, 1847, 
p-9, pl. iv, fig. 2.—* Hupz, Gay’s Hist. Chile, VIII, 1854, p. 317. H. and A. 
ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, 
p. 282,pl. xev, fig. 12.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. LVI, fig. 286.— 
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

* Unio smithii GRayY and PIDGEON, Griff. Cuv., XII, 1834, p. 600, pl. xx, fig. 3.2— 
* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 195, pl. xx11, fig. 58.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 495.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 167. 

* Margarita (Unio) smithit LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 27; 1838, p. 20. 

* Margaron (Unio) smithii Lma, Syn., 1852, p. 30; 1870, p. 48. 

* Unio auratus PuiLipri, Conch., II, 1847, p. 9, pl. rv, fig. 1.2—* H. and A. ADaMs, 
Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145. 

*Margarita (Unio) auratus LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 31; 1838, p. 22. 

*Margaron (Unio) auratus Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 33; 1870, p. 53. 

* Unio araucanus PuiLipri, Conch., III, 1847, p. 50, pl. rv, fig. 3.—* KusTER, Conch. 
Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 288, pl. xcv, fig. 3. 

* Margaron (Unio) araucanus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53. 

*Unio araucana HuPE, Gay’s Hist. Chile, 1854, p. 317. 


Chile. 


' Changed to lepidior because the name lepidus had been used for a Unio by Gould. 

2Only the briefest description is given of this in the index. From the figure it 
seems to be identical with chilensis. 

3 Generally credited to Swainson, and Philippi refers it to him with doubt. ButI 
can not find that Swainson ever published it. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 881 


DIPLODON SOLIDULUS Philippi. 


“Unio solidulus PHiLiprt, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 46.—* PFEIFFER, Noy. Conch., III, 
1869, p. 480, pl. cut, figs. 9, 10.--* Parr, Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 168. 


Near Santiago; Chile. 
DIPLODON GASSIESI Kuster. 


*Unio gassiesi KUSTER(part), Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 148, pl. xu, fig. 4.! 
*Unio auratus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxx, fig. 150. 


Chile. 
DIPLODON APLATUS Reeve.? 


*Unio aplatus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxvul, fig. 143.-—* PacrEt, 
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 144. . 


Island of Chiloe, Chile. 
tDIPLODON MOLINZ Philippi. 


*Unio moline Puriiprt, Conch., III, 1847, p. 50, pl. 1v, fig. 4.—*Hupr, Gay’s Hist. 
Chile, VIII, 1854, p. 316.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 281, pl. xcv, 
fig. 1.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 159. 

* Unio auratus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. XLv, fig. 245.3 


Southern Chile. 
tDIPLODON MODESTUS Kuster.‘ 


* Unio modestus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 147, pl. xu, fig. 2. 

* Unio ianthinus Puttrppl, Mal. B1., XVII, 1869, p. 47.—* PreirrEr, Nov. Conch., 
III, 1869, p. 485, pl. crv, figs. 11, 12.—*P arr, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 155. 

*Unio valdivanus PuiipPt, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 48.—* PFEIFFER, Nov. Conch., 
III, 1869, p. 479, pl. cut, figs. 7, 8. 

“Unio montanus Puiuippt, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 48.—* PrErrrer, Nov. Conch., 
III, 1869, p. 482, pl. crv, figs. 3, 4.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159. 


Chile. 
+DIPLODON ATRATUS Sowerby. 


* Unio atratus SOWERBY, Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 148.° 

“Unio limensis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 146, pl. xin, fig. 7; XL11, fig. 1.— 
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 157. 

* Unio jacobeus PHILIPPI, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 44.—* PreirreEr, Nov. Conch., III, 
1869, p. 478, pl. cri, figs. 3, 4.—* Paw TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 155. 

* Unio landbecki Putxiprt, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 45.—* PrEIFrFrER, Nov. Conch., III, 
1869, p. 479, pl. cru, figs. 5, 6.—* Paw Tex, Conch. Sam., ITT, 1890, p. 156. 


‘Kuster figures two species, I think, for gassiesi. His fig. 3 is, I think, a young 
molinew Kuster; fig. 4 seems to equal auratus of Reeve, not of Philippi or Sowerby. 

?Swainson.manuscript according to Reeve. 

3Not U. auratus of Reeve, figured previously in tha same work. 

4Credited to Charpentier manuscript by Kuster. See foot note on Diplodon leat 
Simpson, p. 876. 

5Not Unio (Niaa) atrata Swainson, which equals Unio gracilis Barnes. Sowerby’s 
name has precedence. 


Proce. N. M. vol. xxii 56 


882 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XSI. 


* Unio diplodon PHiviprPt, Mal. B1., XVI, 1869, p. 46.—* PremrEr, Nov. Conch., III, 
1869, p. 483, pl. crv, figs. 7, 8.—* Pa rer, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 

*t Unio dunkerianus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 94; *Obs., VI, 1857, 
p. 25, pl. xxin, fig. 20; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p. 303, pl. xxvii, fig. 
20.—* KustTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 290, pl. xc, fig. 6.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc, fig. 485.—* PaernL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 151.—* von IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 109. 

* Margaron (Unio) dunkerianus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 


Peru; Chile. 


i 


—— ee ee, oe ee 


ee eee 


DIPLODON OBTUSUS @Orbigny. 
* Unio obtusa D’ORBIGNY,! Guer. Mag., 1835, p.35; * Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 610.— 
* HuPE, Gay’s Hist. Chile, VIII, 1854, p. 316. 
Chile. 
DIPLODON RHUACONICUS Kuster.? 
* Unio rhuaconicus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 145, pl. xu, fig. 5. 
Brazil. 
+DIPLODON CHILOENSIS Kuster. 
*Unio chiloénsis KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 161, pl. xxxv, fig. 6.—* Paurut, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 
Island of Chiloe, Chile. 


+ DIPLODON CASA®BLANCZ Philippi. 


*Unio caseblance PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mal., V, 1848, p. 176. 

*Unio casablancw PFEIFFER, Nov. Conch., III, 1869, p. 481, pl. crv, figs. 1, 2.— 
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 147. 

* Margaron ( Unio) casablance LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 53. 

*Unio longus Puiuipri, Mal. BIl., XVI, 1869, p. 44.—* PremrrEr, Noy. Conch., III, 
1869, p. 477, pl. cr, figs. 1, 2.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 

* Unio colchaguensis PHILIPPI, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 47.—* PrEirrErR, Nov. Conch., 
III, 1869, p. 484, pl. crv, figs. 9, 10.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 148. 

* Unio foncki PHILIPPI, Mal. Bl., XV, 1869, p. 49.—~ PreirrEer, Nov. Conch., III, 
1869, p. 483, pl. crv, figs. 5, 6. 

* Unio funcki Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153. 


Chile. 
DIPLODON FRENZELLII von Ihering. 
* Unio frenzelliti VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 3, pl.rv., fig. 12. 
Patagonia and Chile. 
DIPLODON MARTENSI von Ihering. 
*Unio martensi VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p, 100, pl. rv, fig. 10. 


Southern Brazil. 


1Said by d@’Orbigny to be of Ferussac, but he does not say where that author 
described it, and I do not know where. This name has been used for at least four 
different species of Unionidw: As above; in Cuvier’s Animal Kingdom (edition with- 
out date); for Unie retusus, by Potiez and Michaud; and by Dr. Lea. I presume that 
WVOrbigny is entitled to the name. 

2Kuster credits this to ‘‘ Pfeiffer teste Charpentier.” Ido not know what it is. It 
is very different from d’Orbigny’s rhuacoica. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. §83 


+ DIPLODON CUPRINUS Simpson. 


“Unio fragilis SowERBY,! Conch. Icon., XVI, 1856, pl. Xxx, fig. 155 
Island of Chiloe, Chile. 


DIPLODON AUREUS Simpson. 


*Unio auratus KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio,1856, p. 161, pl. xLVv1, fig. 3.2 
Chile. 
DIPLODON CORIACEUS Dunker. 


* Unio coriaceus DUNKER, Zeits. fiir. Mal., V, 1848, p. 181.—* VON IHERING, Arch. 
fiir Nat., 1893, p. 115. 


Rio Negro, Province of Rio Janeiro, Brazil. 
DIPLODON CHILDRENI Gray. 


* Unio childreni GRAY, Griff. Cuy., XII, 1834, p. 600 (index), pl. xx, fig. 1.—* Car- 
LOW and REEVE, Conch. Icon., 1845, p. 57.—* H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 148. 

Margarita (Unio) childrent Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 25; 1838, p. 19. 

*Margaron (Unio) childrent Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44. 


South America. 
(Group of Diplodon burroughianus.) 


Shell elliptical, mederately solid, inflated, sharply pointed behind, 
with a high, well-developed posterior ridge; beaks rather full; the 
sculpture consisting of regularly radiating, widely separated, sharp 
ridges, the intervening grooves rounded out; «pidermis smooth, dark 
olive with lighter bands; pseudocardinals compressed, rough, vertically 
ridged, usually trifid or quadrifid in each valve; laterals curved, com- 
pressed, muscle scars smooth; nacre white, silvery. 

Animal unknown. 


+ DIPLODON BURROUGHIANUS Lea. 


* Unio burroughienus, Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 67, pl. x, fig. 27; * Obs., 
I, 1834, p. 179, pl. x, fig. 27.—* p’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., ] * HANLEY, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 197; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p.197, pl. xxu1, fig. 2.—* p’ORBIGNY, 
Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 609.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* SowrRBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1866, pl. xxxu1, fig. 169.—* Pa Tex, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 146. 

* Margarita (Unio) burroughianus, Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 29; 1838, p. 21. 

* Margaron (Unio) burroughianus, LEA, Syn., 1852, p.31; 1870, p. 50. 


Parana River, South America. ‘ 


1 Sowerby’s name being preoccupied in Unio, I change it to cuprinus, which has 
not been used in Diplodon. The date, 1856 on the plate, is perhaps a typographical 
error for 1866. 

2The name auratus is preoccupied in Unio, by Philippi in the Conehyaicr: This 
being a different species, I change it to awreus. 


884 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


+ DIPLODON TRIFIDUS Lea. 


* Unio trifidus, LHa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.89; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1863, p. 386, pl. xiv, fig. 295; * Obs., X, 1863, p. 22, pl. XLIVv, fig. 295. 
* Margaron (Unio) trifidus, Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 50. 
Argentina. 
(Group of Diplodon pazi.) 


Shell subtrapezoidal, rounded in front and strongly biangulate behind, 
the wavy beak sculpture extending well over the disk; epidermis olive; 
pseudocardinals ragged, with a tendency to break into denticles. 


‘DIPLODON PAZI Hidalgo. 


* Castalia pazi HipaLGo, Jl. de Conch., XVI, 1868, p. 353, pl. x10, fig. 6.—* PasTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 189. : 


Imbabura, Ecuador. 
DIPLODON HYLAAUS 4d’Orbigny. 


* Unio hylwa D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.36; * Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 607, pl. 
LXIX, figs. 8, 9. 

* Margaron (Unio) hyleus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 21; 1870, p. 31. 

* Unio hyleus H. and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.497.—* SowErry, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc111, fig. 506.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, 
p. 155. 

* Unio guaraniana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 37; *Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 
608, pl. LXIx, figs. 10-12. 


Bolivia; Paraguay liver. 
(Group of Diplodon parallelipipedon.) 


Shell elongated, subtrapezoidal, inflated, obliquely truncated behind; 
posterior ridge strong; beaks rather low, scuipture of nearly or quite 
strictly radial bars with concave spaces between; epidermis dark; pseu- 
docardinals compressed in the young, granular, vertically striate and 
breaking into denticles in the old shell; laterals long,curved, granular, 
often vertically striate; anterior scars smooth, distinct. 


+tDIPLODON PARALLELIPIPEDON Lea. 


* Unio parallelipipedon Lua, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1854, p. 60, vl. vill, fig. 20; 
*Obs., I, 1834, p. 172, pl. vi, fig. 20.—* p’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 34.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 205; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 205.—* D’ORBIGNY, 
Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. G09.—* CaTLOw and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 491.—* KustrEr, Conch. Cab. 
Unio, 1861, p. 220, pl. Lx xiv, fig. 2.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 
LXXXIX, fig. 478.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

* Margarita (Unio) parallelipipedon LEA, Syn., 1836, p.35; 1838, p. 24. 

* Margaron (Unio) parallelipipedon LEA, Syn., 1852, p.56; 1870, p. 58. 

? Unio bonplandi VALENCIENNES, in continuation of Humboldt’s Zool. Obs., 1827.1 


Rio de la Plata system. 


' According to Lea. I have not seen this paper, and Lea does not cite the page. 
A specimen with the above label from the Morelet collection= parallelipipedon Lea. 


“| 
i 


oe ee 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 885 


+DIPLODON PATAGONICUS 4d’Orbigny. 


* Unio patagonica D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., Ee p- 37; * Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 
610, pl. LXX, figs. 1-4. 

* Margarita ( Unio) patagonicus LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 25. 

* Unio patagonicus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 208; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 298, 
pl. xxu1, fig. 16.—* Oanrow and ges, Conch. Nome 1845, p. 62.—* H. and 
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 461.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, 
pl. xx1, fig. 93.—* STROBEL, Mat. Mal., Pt. 1, 1874, p. 72.—* Pte, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

* Margaron ( Unio) patagonicus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 38; 1870, p. 61. 


Patagonia. 
+DIPLODON ACUTIROSTRIS Lea. 
*Unio acutirostris Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., X, 1866, p. 34; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 270, pl. xxxv, fig. 84; * Obs., XIII, 1869, p. 30, pl. xxxv, 
fig. 84. 
* Margaron (Unio) acutirostris LeA, Syn., 1870, p. 58. 
South America. 
(Group of Diplodon quadrans.) 


Shell subtrapezoid, slightly truncate in front, nearly equilateral, 
greatly inflated, its greatest diameter below the beaks, from which it 
is wedge-shaped in front and behind, solid, with a decidedly rounded 
posterior ridge; epidermis brownish, concentrically striate, beaks full 
but not high, ligament long and slender; pseudocardinals large, com- 
pressed, striate and crenulate, double in the right valve, single in the 
left; laterals curved, crenulate; beak cavities rounded; anterior cica- 
trices deep, confluent; nacre white. 

Animal unknown. 


DIPLODON QUADRANS Lea.! 


“Unio quadrans LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 306; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., 1V, 1860, p. 360, pl. Lx1, fig. 185; *Obs., VIII, 1860, p. 42, pl. Lx1, fig. 
185.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Unio) quadrans LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36. 

South America (7). 
Subgenus CYCLOMYA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio funebralis Lea.) 


Shell obovate to suborbicular, narrowed in front, produced just behind 
the center of the base, generally slightly pointed about the middle of 
the posterior end, with a scarcely perceptible posterior ridge and a 
slight dorsal wing behind; beaks high, irregularly radial; hinge line 


1 Only one specimen of this shell is reported, this being in the Wheatley collection, 
and credited to Texas. The beak sculpture is all eroded away, but I am almost sure 
it is a South American shell, allied, perhaps, to D. apprimus, wruguayensis, and possi- 
bly to Hupe’s Unio orbignyi. 


886 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


strongly arched, curved behind and incurved in front of the beaks; the 
lower pseudocardinal in the right valve largest, often much split up 
into denticles, pseudocardinals of the left valve variable, dentellate; 
two lower anterior scars deep, united, the upper very deep, separate. 
Animal unknown. 
Section CYCLOMYA Simpson, 1900. 


(Type, Unio funebralis Lea.) ’ 
+DIPLODON GRATUS Lea. 


* Unio gratus La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 91; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 
V, 1863, p. 382, pl. xLu1, fig. 290; * Obs., X, 1863,p]. XLII, fig. 290.— “SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxIv, fig. 444.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 154. 

* Margaron (Unio) gratus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 56. 


Uruguay River, South America. 


+DIPLODON PATELLOIDES Lea. 


*Unio patelloides LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 89; *~Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1863, p. 383, pl. xii, fig. 291; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 19, pl. xLin, 
fig. 291. 

* Margaron (Unio) patelloides Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 56. 


Amazon River. 
+ DIPLODON PERZEFORMIS Lea. 


7 


*Unio pereformis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 90; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1863, p. 384, pl. xu, fig. 292; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 20, pl. XLin, fig. 
292.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxtv, fig. 443.—*P TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 163. 

*Margaron (Unio) pereformis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55. 


Uruguay River, South America. 
+DIPLODON FONTAINIANUS d’Orbigny. 


* Unio fontainiana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 36. 

*Unio fontainianus HaNLEY, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 384, pl. x x1, fig. 27.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxxvu, fig. 466.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 153.—* voN IMERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 90. 

*Margaron (Unio) fontainianus Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 56. 

*Unio fontaineana D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 605, pl. LXIx, figs. 6, 7.— 
*Huper, Anim. Nouv., 1857, p. 82. 


Parana River, southern Brazil. 
+DIPLODON ROTUNDUS Wagner. 


*Unio rotundus WAGNER,' Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 34, pl. xxv, figs. 3, 4.— 
*MORICAND, Mem. His. Soc. Gen., 1838, p. 49, -pl.1v, figs. 12-14.—* KUSTER, 
Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 160, pl. xLv1, figs. 1,2.—* SoweRBy, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxu, fig. 369.—P #TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 166. 

*Margaron (Unio) rotundus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 56. 


Brazil. 


— 


1 Diplodon rotundum Spix in explanation of plate. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 887 


+DIPLODON DISCULUS Lea. 
* Unio disculus, LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 91; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1863, p. 385, pl. XIV, fig. 293; * Obs., X, 1863, p. 21, pl. xxrv, fig. 293. 
* Margaron Unio disculus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55. : 


Uruguay River, South America. 


tDIPLODON FUNEBRALIS Lea. 

“ Unio funebralis Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 91; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
V, 1863, p. 378, pl. XI, fig. 286; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 14, pl. x11, fig. 286.— 
*“SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lyi, fig. 290.—* PasrEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 153. 

* Margaron Unio funebralis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 55. 

Uruguay River. 

, tDIPLODON PARANENSIS Lea. 

* Unio paranensis LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 49, pl. x1v, fig. 42.—* Obs., I, 
1834, p. 211, pl. xiv, fig. 42.—*Hantzey, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 202; *Biv. 
Shells, 1843, p. 202, pl. xx, fig. 3.—*D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 
603.—* CATLOw and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62.—* H. and A. ADAms, 
Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 492.—* KusTrr, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 253, pl. 
LXXXV, fig. 3.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. LI, fig. 268; * PacTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 162. 

* Margarita (Unio) paranensis LRA, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1838, p. 23. 

*Margaron (Unio) paranensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 345 1870, p. 55. 

*t Unio nocturnus Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 91; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1863, p. 380, pl. xLu, fig. 288; * Obs., X, 1863, p. 16, pl. XLII, fig. 288. 

*Margaron (Unio) nocturnus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 56. 


Uruguay and Parana rivers. 


Section BULLOIDEUS Simpson, 1900, 


(Type, Unio bulloides Lea.) 


Shell rounded, inflated, thin, nearly equilateral, truncate behind and 
slightly so before, with a rather sharp posterior ridge and a dorsal 
wing; beaks full, rather high, regularly radial; epidermis smooth, 
bronzy olive; pseudocardinals compressed, much elongated, disposed 
to be split into denticles, two in the right valve and one in the left; 
laterals two in the left valve and one in the right; dorsal scars few and 
scattered in the rather shallow cavities; nacre bluish. 


+DIPLODON BULLOIDES Lea. 


*Unio bulloides LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 187; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 

IV, 1860, p. 264, pl. xxi, fig. 144; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 82, pl. Lxu, fig. 144.— 

*KuUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 186, pl. Lx, fig. 2.—*SowERBy, Conch. 

Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxXxvi1Ml, fig. 275.—* PATEL, Conch.Sam., III, 1890, p. 146. 
Margaron (Unio) bulloides LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 55. 


tio de la Plata. 
+DIPLODON SOLISIANUS d’Orbigny. 


* Unio solisiana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 35; * Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 604, 
pl. Lxrx, figs. 1-3.—* Sowerby, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc, fig. 508. 


10 de la Plata and its affluents. 


888 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


DIPLODON VARIABILIS Maton. 


* Mya variabilis Maron, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., X, 1811, p. 327, pl. xxIv,figs. 4-7.!— 
* Woop, Gen. Conch., I, 1815, p. 111.—* Dittwyn, Cat., I, 1817, p.53.—* Woop, Ind. 
Test., 1825, p. 13, pl. 11, fig. 88a; rev. ed., 1856, p. 17, pl. 111, fig. 38. 
* Unio variabilis D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 604, pl. Lxx1, figs. 1-3.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll.,1842, p. 202; * Biv. Shells, 1844, p. 202.—* CaTLow and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 65.—*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 492.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxtv, fig. 381.— 
* STROBEL, Mat. Mal., Pt. 1, 1874, p. 69.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, 
pelle 
* Margarita (Unio) variabilis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 33; 1838, p. 28. 
* Margaron (Unio) variabilis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 35; 1870, p. 56. 
* Mytilus matoniana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 35. 
* Unio matonianus PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 
* 2 Unio membranacea HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 202, pl. xxu1, fig. 6. 
* Unio membranaceus PHILIPPI, Conch., III, 1848, p. 80, pl. v, fig. 4.—* KusTER, 
Conch. Cab. Unio., 1862, p. 284, pl. xcv, fig. 5. 


Rio de la Plata. 


Subgenus HYRIDELLA Swainson, 1840. 


(Type, Unio australis Lamarck. ) 


Beaks rather low, sculpture consisting of curved, generally nodulous 
ridges, which approach below but usually have a smooth area of shell 
between them; surface sulcate or sometimes corrugated and nodulous; 
epidermis rayless; teeth rather delicate, compressed, often somewhat 
rudimentary. 

Animal having the embryos occupying the inner gills for the most 
part,? which are united for their entire length to the abdominal sac; 
outer gills pointed below in the middle; palpi triangular; branchial 
opening papillose; anal opening smooth, not separated from the super 
anal opening. 


Section HYRIDELLA Swainson, 1840, 


Shell covered with concentric, suleate sculpture; pseudocardinals 
well developed, compressed; laterals delicate, sometimes imperfect. 


(Group of Diplodon dorsuosus.) 


Shell somewhat rhomboid, inflated solid, with rather full beaks, the 
sculpture consisting of very strong, subradial, corrugated ridges which 
curve toward each other below, those in the center sometimes joining, 
this sculpture extending well out on the disk; upper part of pos- 
terior slope having slight radial folds. | 


‘T feel certain that Maton has illustrated two species, figs. 4, 6, and 7 being nearly 
circular, with a rather straight hinge, while fig. 5 is a small shell, is much inflated 
at the posterior base, and is incurved in front of the breaks. He describes the large 
shell first. The small one may be the young of D. patelloides. 

2 According to Suter in a letter. 


NO. 1205. _ SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIA DES—SIMPSON. 889 


t DIPLODON DORSUOSUS Gould. 


*Unio dorsuosus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H., IIT, 1850, p. 296; * U.S. Expl. Exp., 
XII, 1852, p. 480, figs. 540, 540a, 540b; * Otia Conch., 1862, p. 89.—*H. and A. 
ADAMS,Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 497.—*PTEL,Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 151. 

* Wargaron (Unio) dorsuosus LEA, Syu., 1852, p. 21. 

“Unio napeanensis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1852, p. 10; “Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., 1854, p. 296, pl. xxv1, fig. 4.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. lec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 498.—* REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxi, fig. 2.—* PmTE., 
Conch. Sam, III, 1890, p. 160. 

*Margaron ( Unio) napeanensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 20; 1870, p. 30. 


Nepean River, Australia. 
DIPLODON GLENELGENSIS Dennant. 


* Unio glenelgensis DENNANT, Pr. Roy. Soc. Vict., X, 1898, p. 112, pl. rv. 


Glenelg River, Victoria. 
(Group of Diplodon menziezt.) 


Shell subrhomboid; beak sculpture not strong, consisting of broken, 
nodulous ridges curving toward each other below, with generally a 
smooth space between, not extending over the shell. 

Animal as in the subgenus. 


+DIPLODON MENZIEZI Gray. 


* Unio menziezi GRAY, In Dieffenbach’s N. Z., II, 1848, p. 257.—* ? MusGraveE, Phot. 
Conch., 1863, pl. u, fig. 1.—*Hurron, N. Z. Moll., 1880, p. 160.—* Parent, 
Conch. Sam., 1890, p. 159. 

* Unio menziezianus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxIx, fig. 152. 

* Margaron (Unio) menzieni LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 46. 

* Unio aucklandica GRAY, In Dieffenbach’s N. Z., II, 1843, p. 257.—* HuTtTon, N. Z. 
Moll., 1880, p. 161. 

*?Unio aucklandicus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. xxx, fig. 156.— 
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145. 

* Margaron ( Unio) aucklandicus LEA, Syn.,1870, p. 45. 


+DIPLODON MENZIEZI var. RUGATUS Hutton.! 


*Unio rugatus HUTTON, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XVI, 1884, p. 216.—*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 166. 


+DIPLODON MENZIEZI var. HOCHSTELLERI Krauss. 


“Unio hochstellerti DUNKER, Mal. BI., VIII, 1862, p. 153.—*SowERBY, Conch. Icon., 
XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxv1, fig. 463.—*HuTTOoN, N. Z. Moll., 1880, p. 161.—*ParE., 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 155.2 


1The name rugatus was applied previously to a European Unio by Rossmassler; 
but it may be used as a varietal name. This seems to be a smail form of menziezt 
which sometimes merges into hochstelleri. 

?Suter believes this to be only a pathologic form of menziezi. He says in a letter 
to the author that he has seen the same kind of disease among small rugatus. 


890 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+DIPLODON MENZIEZI var. DEPAUPERATUS Hutton. 


*Unio depauperatus Hurron, Tr.N. Z. Inst., XVI, 1884, p.216.—*ParEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 


New Zealand. 
DIPLODON WAIKARENSIS Colenso. 


*Unio waikarensis COLENSO, Tasm. Jl. N. Sci., II, 1841, p. 250, footnote; Tr. N. 
Z. Inst., XIV, 1882, p. 169. ! 


Waikare Lake, New Zealand. 
+DIPLODON ZELEBORI Dunker. 


*Unio zelebori DUNKER, Reise der Nov., 1867, p. 15, pl. 11, fig. 28.— *Hurron, N. 
Z. Moll., 1880, p. 161.—*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 172. 
*Margaron (Unio) zelebori La, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 


New Zealand. 
DIPLODON FLYENSIS Tapperone Canefri. 


“Unio flyensis TAPPERONE CANEFRI, Ann. Mus. Genov., XIX, 1883, p. 293, fig. 1.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 153. 


Fly River, New Guinea. 


+ LIPLODON VITTATUS Lea. 


*Unio vittatus Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 153; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., _ 


IV, 1860, p. 249, pl. xxxviut, fig. 128; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 67, pl. xxxvitl, fig. 
128.—*REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xxi, fig. 83.—*PaTEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 171. 

*Margaron (Unio) vittatus Lma, Syn., 1870, p. 35. 

Australia. 
+ DIPLODON LESSONI Kuster. 

*Unio lessoni KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1856, p. 135, pl. xxxV1, fig. 4. —“PTEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 157. 

*Unio australis KUSTER, Conch. Cab., 1861, p. 230, pl. LXxvit, fig. 6. 


New South Wales. 
+ DIPLODON AUSTRALIS (Lamarck) Hanley.? 


*? Unio australis LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p. 80.—*?DESHAYES, Ene. 
Méth., II, 1830, p.582.—* HaNnLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 192; * Biv. Shells, 1843, 
p. 192, pl. xx1, fig. 25.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 56.— 
* PHILiPPi, Conch., III, 1848, p. 81, pl. v, fig.5.—*H. and A. ADAms, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p.493.—* Pa:TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 145. 


‘Suter thinks this is a variety of menziezi, but Colenso states that the posterior 
slope is keeled. If this is so, it must be quite different from that species. 

?Lamarck’s description of this species is wholly inadequate, and would apply about 
equally well to several species. He refers to no figure, and Lea states that he did 
not see the type. I credit the species to Hanley, whose figure seems to represent a 
form of an abundant and variable species commonly referred to Lamarck. 


=, ~~ 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. S91 


* Margarita (Unio) australis LEA, Syn., 1886, p. 25; 1838, p. 19. 

*Hyridella australis SWAINSON, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 285. 

*Margaron (Unio) australis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 28; 1870, p. 44. 

*? Unio depressus Lesson, Voy. Coquille, 1830, II, p. 427, pl. xv, fig.! 

*Margarita (Unio) depressus LEA, Syn., 1836, p.32; 1838, p. 22. 

*Margaron (Unio) depressus Lua, Syn., 1852, p.33; 1870, p. 54. 

“Unio ambiguus PuHiLippi, Conch., III, 1847, p. 47, pl. m1, fig. 2..—* Sowrrsy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxrx, fig. 355.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 144. 

* Unio shuttleworthi KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1856, p. 152, pl. xtiv, fig. 2. 

*Unio philippianus KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 235, pl. LXXIX, fig. 2. 

*Unio balonnensis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1850, p. 10; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., II, 1854, p. 295, pl. xxv1, fig. 3. 

*?Unio daniellii VILLA, Jl. de Conch., XIX, 1871, p.328.—* Smirn, J]. Linn. Soc., 
XVI, 1882, p. 307.—*? P& TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 

Unio bednalli TaTE. Where?? 


OL 


+DIPLODON AUSTRALIS var. LEGRANDI Petterd. 


* Unio depressus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1864, pl. xviul, fig. 81. 
*Unio legrandi PETTERD, Pr. R. Soc. Tasm., 1887, p. 22; 1888, p. 81. 


Australia; Tasmania. 


+DIPLODON JEFFREYSIANUS Lea. 


* Unio jeffreysianus LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1871, p.188; *Jl. Ac. \. Sei. Phila., 
VIII, 1874, p. 23, pl. vu, fig. 20; *Obs., XIII, 1874, p. 27, pl. vit, fig. 20. 
Australia. 


+DIPLODON PROFUGUS Gould. 


*Unio profugus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1850, p. 295;> *U. 8. Expl. Exp., 
XII, 1852, p. 429, figs. 543, 543a, 543b.—*.H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 494.—* GouLpD, Otia Conch., 1862, p. 88. 

*Margaron (Unio) profugus LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 29. 


Hunter’s River, New South Wales. 


DIPLODON MORETONICUS Reeve. 


*Unio moretonicus REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xx1v, fig. 118.—* PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160. , 
*Margaron (Unio) mortonicus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 43. 


Tasmania. 


1Credited to Parreyss in litt. 

2 Specimens received from Mr. Bednall bearing the above name are undoubtedly a 
form of D. australis. I do not know whether it has been described or not. 

3The types are in the U. 8. National Museum collection. Lea believes it to be the 
same as the australis. Iam inclined to think it distinct. 


892 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. } 


+ DIPLODON CULTELLIFORMIS Conrad.! 


*?Unio depressa LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VII, 1819, p. 79.—*? DELESSERT, 
Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. xu, fig. 5.—*CneEnv, Il. Conch., 1858, pl. xu, 
figs. 4, 4a. 

*Unio depressus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 200; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 200.— 
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 58.—* ConrRaD, JI. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., 1854, p. 295, pl. Xxxv1, fig. 2.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., 
II, 1857, p. 493.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 150. 

*Unio cultelliformis CONRAD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., V, 1850, p. 10.—* H. and A. 
Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 149. 

*Margaron (Unio) cultelliformis Lua, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 52. 

*+ Unio paramatensis LEa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1862, p. 176; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 60, pl. xx, fig.59; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 64, pl. xx, fig. 59. 

*Margaron (Unio) paramattensis Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 35. 


Australia. 
+DIPLODON LUTULENTUS Gould. 


*Unio lutulentus GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., II, 1850, p. 295; *U.S. Expl. 
Exp., XII, 1852, p. 428, figs. 542, 542a, 542, 542c.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 493.—* GouLp, Otia Conch., 1862, p. 88.—* REEVE, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxv, fig. 122.—* Hutton, N. Z. Moll., 1880, p. 161.— 
*PxTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 158. 

*Margaron ( Unio) lutulentus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 32; 1870, p. 52. 


New Zealand. 
+DIPLODON WILSONII Lea. 


*Unio wilsonit LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1859, p. 153; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 
1860, p. 257, pl. XL, fig. 137; *Obs., VII, p. 74, pl. XL, fig. 137.—* SowERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Lxxxvul, fig. 474.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 172. 

* Margaron (Unio) wilsontt LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 47. 

*t Unio (Alasmodon) stuarti ADAMS and ANGAS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1863, p. 417.? 

* Unio stuarti SOWERBY, Conch. Icon.,X VI, 1866, pl. Liv, fig. 279. 

* Anodon stuarti SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xxxtIv, figs. 136, 136a, 

136d. 

* Margaron (Unio) stuarti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 52. 

* Margaritana stuarti P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 

* Anodonta stuartti P“#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185. 


Australia. 


+DIPLODON EVANSI Adams and Angas. 


* Unio (Alasmodon) evansi ADAMS and ANGAS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 39. 
* Unio evansi SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. LVI, fig. 285.—* P&TEL, Conch, | 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 152. 


1T can not identify Lamarck’s Unio depressus with any certainty from his very 
meager description. Lea believed it to equal the form I have considered as australis, 
but Lamarck’s description seems to apply to a more elongated species. Delessert’s 
figure in 1841 probably equals Lea’s paramattensis. As the name depressus was used 
for a Unio in 1801 by Donovan I am obliged to use another for this. 

2A specimen of this in the Lea collection from the Stuart expedition is identical 
with Lea’s species. 


s 


No 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 893 


* Margaron (Unio) evansi LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 56. 
* Margaritana evansi P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 


Murray River, Australia 


Section CUCUMERIA Conrad, 1853. 
(Type, Unio nove-hollandie Gray.) 


Shell elongated, trapezoidal, widest behind; pseudocardinals irregu- 
lar, small, not well developed, showing a tendency to break into denti- 
cles; laterals feeble; pallial line strongly pitted; nacre much thicker in 
front. 


(Group of Diplodon nove-hollandic.) 


Shell having the posterior two-thirds covered with irregular nodules, 
- which radiate somewhat from the posterior ridge. 


+DIPLODON NOV2-HOLLANDIZ& Gray. 


*Unio nove-hollandie GRAY, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1834, p. 57.—* MOLLER, Syn. 
Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 197.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 182; * Biv. Shells, 1843, 
p. 182.—*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 61.—*H. and A. : 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 496.—* P# TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 161. 

* Margarita (Unio) nove-hollandiw LEA, Syn., 1836, p.17; 1838, p. 16. 

* Margaron ( Unio) nove-hollandie Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 23; 1870, p. 35. 

*+Unio cucumoides LEA, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 1840, p.285; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
VIII, 1842, p. 192, pl. vil, fig.2; *Ohbs., III, 1842 p. 30, pl. vi, fig. 2.—* Han- 
LEY, Biv. Shells, Sup., 1856, p. 382, pl. xxiv, fig.4.—*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. 
Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p.497.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. xx vil, figs. 3, 3a, 
3b.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1861, p. 219, pl. Lxx1v, fig. 1.—* REEVE, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. x1x, fig. 89.—* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 149. 

* Margaron (Unio) cucumoides LEA, Syn., 1852, p.21; 1870, p. 31. 

*? Unio cumingianus DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., 1853, p. 53. 


Australia. 
(Group of Diplodon shuttleworthii.) 


Beak sculpture consisting of. strong, irregularly radiate, curved, 
nodulous bars; surface of shell somewhat sulcate, but not nodulous. 


+ DIPLODON SHUTTLEWORTHII Lea. 


*Unio shuttleworthii Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 94; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., III, 1857, p. 304, pl. xxvii, fig. 19; VI, 1857, p. 24, pl. XX VIN, fig. 19.— 
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1866, p]. Xx xu, fig. 167. 

*Margaron ( Unio) shuttleworthii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 36. 

*? Unio mutabilis REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxiv, fig. 112. 

*Unio angasi SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1867, pl. Lv, fig. 282. 

*Margaritana angasi P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 172. 

*Anodonta angasi PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176. 


Australia. 


had 


894 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


+DIPLODOCN MUTABILIS Lea. 


*Unio mutabilis LEA, Pr. Ae. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 152; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
IV, 1860, p. 248, pl. xxxvni, fig. 127; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 66, pl. xxxvutl, fig. 
127.—* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 160. 

*Margaron (Unio) mutabilis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 53. 


Murray River, Australia. 


Subgenus LEAVIROSTRIS Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Unio stagnorum Dautzenberg. ) 


Shell irregularly quadrate, thin, inequilaterai, compressed, rounded 
and narrowed in front, somewhat biangulate and truncate behind; 
beaks rather low, without sculpture;! surface finely concentrically 
erooved; epidermis delicately lamellated and serrate; pseudocardinals 
small; laterals elongated; anterior muscle impressions small, well 
marked; posterior scars superficial; nacre bluish- white. 

Animal unknown. 


DIPLODON STAGNORUM Dautzenberg. 


* Unio stagnorum DAUTZENBERG, Bull. Acad. Belg., XX, 1890, p. 372, pl. 1, figs. 7, 10. 


Kongo River, Africa. 
The following are unfigured and uncertain species. 
* Unio depressa D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 34.2 
*Unio fokkesi DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., IX, 1853, p. 54. 
Rio de la Plata, Brazil. According to von Ihering, this = U. wheat- 
leyanus Lea. 


* Unio koseretzi CLESSIN, Mal. Bl., X, p. 172. 
River Guahyba, Brazil. 

* Unio macropterus DUNKER, Zeits. fiir Mal., III, 1846, p. 109. 
Brazil. 


*Unio paraguanus VON MARTENS, S. B. Ges. Nat. Fr., 1895, p. 

“Unio zealandicus PmtTrt, C.Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 172. Said to be of Gray. Where? 
Unio damnoica D’ORBIGNY. Where? 

Unio guahybe VON IHERING. 

Unio ethiopiformis VON IHERING. 

Unio bishoffi VON THERING. 

Unio sebastanw VON IHERING. 

Unio iheringt VON CLESSIN. 


1 According to Dautzenberg the beaks of the remarkable species on which I have 
founded the above subgenus are completely smooth. It has the appearance of a 
Diplodon in all other respects, according to the figures and description. Dautzen- 
berg does not very carefully describe the teeth. 

2 According to d’Orbigny (Voy. Am. Mer., p.611), this species, which he says is the 
depressa of Lamarck, is found in Chile, near Valparaiso. It can not be Lamarck’s 
species. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITAIES—SIMPSON. . 895 


Ido not know where the last five species are described, and they 
probably have never been published. Wright has named a Texan 
species. Unio theringi. 


Family MUTELID A. 


Shell usually without sculpture throughout; beaks smooth or but 
faintly corrugated, never exhibiting the remains of an embryonic shell; 
with or without teeth, which, when present, are irregularly taxodont, 
the shell showing vestiges of them in all the genera; nacre soft, richly 
tinted, generally surrounded with a wide, prismatic border; escutcheon 
large, distinct; palleal line usually simple, but sometimes having a 
slight sinus posteriorly. 

Animal having the labial palpi large, rounded below, generally with- 
out free points, scarcely or not at all united posteriorly; anal and 
superanal openings not separated; mantle generally closed behind into 
branchial and anal siphons, which are always separated by a strong 
bridge; marsupium occupying the inner gills; embryo a lasidium, com- 
posed of three segments, the anterior head-like, the median bearing 
a single shell, the posterior tail-like. 


Genus SAW TAs ean lS3s: 
(Type, Anodonta rubens Lamarck. ) 


Spatha Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1858, p. 141, footnote. 


Shell elliptical; beaks very slightly or not at all sculptured; left 

valve having a faint, compressed tooth under and in front of the beak, 
which fits into a corresponding depression in the right valve; the 
entire hinge area often covered with longitudinally folded epidermal 
matter; escutcheon dark, sharply triangular; beak cavities shallow, 
with a single, elongate, deep scar in each; two large anterior muscle 
scars and two posterior ones, the upper small. 
- Animal having the palpi longer than wide, semicircular, attached 
along the upper edge, not united; mantle margin united behind so that 
the branchial and anal apertures are closed; on the under margin the 
mantle is entirely open; outer branchiz united to the mantle to their 
extremity; inner the larger, free from the abdominal sack; foot tongue 
shaped, thick; anal and branchial openings separated by a strong 
bridge. SS. rubens Lamarck (Troschel). 


Subgenus SPATHA Lea, 1838. 
(Type, Spatha rubens Lamarck.) 
Shell solid, having faint concentric beak sculpture. 
(Group of Spatha rubens.) 


Seulpture of the beaks following the growth lines; shell solid. 


896 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


tSPATHA RUBENS Lamarck. 


* dnodonta rubens LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p.85.—* BLAINVILLE, Man., 
1825, p. 538.—* CAILLIAUD, Voy. 4 Méroé, IV, p. 262; Atlas, II, 1826, pl. Lx, 
fig. 12.—*AUDOUIN, Savigny’s Exp. de l’Egypte, Coquilles, 1827, pl. vi1.'— 
*DrsHayEs, Enc. Meth., II, 1827, p. 147, pl. cct, figs. 1, 1b. 

* Tridina rubens RANG, Nouv. Ann. Mus., 1885, p. 314.—* Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 56.— 
*HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 225.—*CaTrLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 
1845, p. 68.—* MorELET, Moll. Terr. et Fluv., 1868, p. 98. 

* Platiris (Spatha) rubens Lua, Syn., 1838, p. 33; 1852, p. 55; 1870, p. 89. 

* Spatha rubens CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 185, pl. vu, fig. 1; 1876, pl. Lx1, 
fig. 1.—* H. and A. ApaMs, Gen. Ree. Moll., I, 1857, p. 507, pl. cx1x; III, figs. 3, 
3a.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 148, fig. 729.—* Paren, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 188. 

* Anodon rubens SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. 11, fig. 5. 

Anodonta clappertoni Kania, Duchane and Clapperton’s Travels, 1826, p. 

_ Anodonta splendens DE CRISTOFORI, Crist. and Jan. Cat., 1832 (?), p. 

*Tridina solida ANTON, Verz. der Conch., 1839, p. 16. 

* Anodonta solida KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 50, pl. x11, fig. 1. 

*Spatha wissmani VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1883, p.73; Conch. Mitth., III, 
1885 (?), p. 139, pl. XX vi1. 

* Spatha rotundata VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 242, fig. d.? 


+SPATHA RUBENS var. CAILLIAUDI von Martens, 


* Anodonta rubens AUDOUIN in SAviIGNny, Icon. Moll. Eg., 1827, pl. vu, fig. 1. 

* Spatha cailliaudi VON MARTENS, Mal. Bl., XIII, 1866, p. 9.—* JickELI, L. and 
S. W. Moll., 1874, p. 259, pl. vil, fig. 1.—* KOBELT, Icon., new ed., II, 1886, p. 
27, pl. XLVI, fig. 267.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 314.— 
*P2HTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188. 

*Spatha bellamyi JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 491, pl. x10, 
figs. 2, 2a. 

*Spatha renei JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 492, pl. x11, 

figs. 3, 3a. : 


Nile; Niger; Senegal; other points in West Africa. 
tSPATHA LEPSII Jickeli. 


* Spatha lepsti JICKELI, Faun. L. and 8. W. Moll, 1874, p. 265, pl. 1x, fig. 4.— 
* P&TEL, Conch, Sam., III, 1890, p. 188. 


Upper Egypt: Senegal. 
+SPATHA CHAIZIANA Rang. 


* Anodonta chaiziana RANG, Mem. Aceph Senegal, (Nouv. Ann. Mus.), 1835, p. 13, 
pl. xxvint.2—* MORELET, Moll.Terr. and Fluv., 1868, p. 97. 


1Savigny’s plates were issued without explanation in 1813. In 1827 Audouin pub- 
lished an explanation of them. Von Martens believes this is not the Spatha rubens 
of the Encyc. Méth. (Mal. Bl., 1866). This species is widespread, abundant, and 
variable, and the material I have examined leads me to believe that it may include 
either the short, rounded form of the Encye. Méth. or specimens that are more 
elongated and even somewhat rhomboid. 

2T can not see any essential difference between this and forms of what I believe 
are S. rubens. I believe that the S. cailliaudi is only one of these forms. 

3I have only seen the reprint of this paper, which begins with page 1. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 897 


* Margarita (Anodonta) chaiziana LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 30. 

* Anodon chaiziana CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) chaiziana LkA, Syn., 1852, p. 49; 1870, p. 79. 

* Spatha chaiziana H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 507.—* Cress, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 187, pl. Lxi1t, figs. 3, 4.—* Pas TEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 188. 


Senegal; Niger; Upper Nile; West Africa. 
+SPATHA TRISTIS Jousseaume. 


* Spatha tristis JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 497.! 
*Spatha rochebrunei JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 494, pl. xiv, 
figs. 1, la. 


Upper Senegal. 
SPATHA TRAPEZIA von Martens. 
* Spatha trapezia VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 243, fig. 
SPATHA TRAPEZIA var. SENILIS von Martens. 
* Spatha trapezia var. senilis VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 244. 
Lake Victoria Nyanza. 
SPATHA DROUETI Chaper. 


* Spatha droueti CHAPER, Bull. Soc. Zool. de Fr., X, 1885, p. 2, pl. 1, figs. 1-3.2— 
* PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188. 


Assinie, Africa. 
SPATHA MARTENSI STURANY. 


Spatha martensi STURANY in Baumann, Durch Massai, 1894, p. 12, pl. xxv, fig. 
39.—VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 244. 


Stream falling into Lake Victoria Nyanza. I have not seen Sturany’s 


paper. 
SPATHA KIRKI Ancey. 


* Spathella Kirki ANCEY, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., VII, 1894, p. 229, figs. 4-6.—* von 
MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 244, fig.® 


SPATHA KIRKI var. LIEDERI von Martens. 
* Spatha kirki var. iederi VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 245. 
Shire River and Lake Nyanza. 
SPATHA MABILLEI Jousseaume. 


* Spatha mabillei JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. de Fr., XI, 1886, p. 495, pl. xiv, 
figs. 2, 2a. 


Senegal River. 


1Morelet believes this to—chaiziana. An author’s shell is in the U. 8. National 
Museum, and I am inclined to believe it to be a valid species. 

2Only inside and dorsal views, and I can not be sure whether it is a good species 
or not. 

3 This species seems to me to-be very close to S. trapezia von Martens. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 57 


898 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXL. 


SPATHA ADANSONI Jousseaume. 


* Spathella adansont JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., XI, 1886, p. 498, pl. XIv, 
figs. 4, da. 


High Senegal. 
+SPATHA WAHLBERGI Krauss. 


* Tridina wahlbergi Krauss, Sud Af. Moll., 1848, p. 19, pl. it, fig. 1. 

* Platiris (Spatha) wahlbergi Lua, Syn., 1852, p.55; 1870, p. 389. 

* Spatha waklbergi H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll, II, 1857, p. 507.—*° VON 
Marrens, Mal. Bl., VI, 1860, p. 217.—*Cximssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, 
py 18i,) pl. Lxan, fe. 1 are, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.—* von 
MartTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 247. 

* Mutela wahlbergi SMiTH, Ann. and Mag., VIII, 1891, p. 319. 

*+ Spatha natalensis Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 115; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 64, pl. xx, fig. 58; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 68, pl. xx, fig. 58.— 
* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 189, pl. Lxu1, figs. 7, 8. 

* Platiris (Spatha) natalensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 89. 

*Spatha hartmannt VON MARTENS, Mal. BI., XIII, 186, p. 10.—*Jickert, Faun., 
1874, p. 263, pl. vu, fig. 2.—*Ciessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 190, pl. 
LXI, figs. 2, 3.—*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 188. 

* Anodon tabula SOwERBY; Conch. Icon.,X VII, 1867, pl. xvu41, fig. 68. 

* Anodonta tabula Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185. 


SPATHA WAHLBERGI var BOURGNIGNATI Bourgnignat. 


*Spatha bourgnignati BOURGNIGNAT, Esp. Ouk. et Tan., 1885, p. 12. 

*Spathella bourgniqnati BOURGNIGNAT, Moll. Af. Eq., 1889, p. 197, pl. vir, fig. 1. 

*Spathella spathuliformis BOURGNIGNAT, Moll. Af. Eq., 1889, p. 199, fig. 

*Spatha wahlbergi spatuliformis VON MARTENS, Beschalte, 1897, p. 248, pl. VIL, 
fig. 18. 

*Spathella bloyeti BOURGNIGNAT, Moll. Af. Eq., 1889, p. 198, pl. vut, fig. 3. 

* Spatha bloyeti VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 249. 


Tropical and southern Africa. The variety is reported from Lake 
Nyassa. 


SPATHA LACUSTRIS Simpson. 


* Spatha anceyi BOURGNIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., VII, 1894, p. 231, fig. 7.—-* VON 
Martens, Besch., 1897, p. 247. 


Lake Nyassa. 
+SPATHA NYASSAENSIS Lea. 


* Spatha nyassaensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p. 109; *Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 36, pl. x111, fig. 83; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 40, pl. x11, fig. 33.— 
*@CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 190, pl. Lxu, figs. 3, 4.—* PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188.—* von Martens, Besch., 1897, p. 246. 

* Platiris (Spatha) nyassaensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 89. 

* Spathella nyassaensis ANCEY, Bull. Soc. Zool. rr.. VI, 1894, p. 228. 

* Spatha nyassanad BOURGNIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VI, 1889, p. 38. 


1Changed from S. anceyi, as there is another species with that name, 


No, 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON, 899 


SPATHA MARNOI Jickeli. 


* Spatha marnoi JICKELI, L. and Suss. Moll. N. Ost-Af., 1874, p. 259, pl. vin, fig. 3.— 
*P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188. 


Abyssinia. 
SPATHA SUBZZQUILATERA von Martens. 


“Spatha subequilatera VON MARTENS, Conch. Mitt., III, 1887, p. 18, pl. x11, figs. 
8,9; * Besch., 1897, p. 246, pl. vu, fig. 16. 
Spatha bawmanni STURANY in Baumann, Durch. Massai., 1894, p. 12, pl. xxv, fig. 38. 


Lake Victoria Nyanza. 
SPATHA SINUATA von Martens. 


* Spatha sinuata VON MARTENS, S. B. Nat. Fr., 1883, p. 173; Conch. Mitt., IT, 1885, 
p. 190, pl. xx x1v, figs. 5, 6. 


Congo. 
(Group of Spatha petersi.) 


Shell rather thin and small, greenish or olive; beak sculpture con- 
sisting of faint, more or less oblique, parallel ridges; hinge line narrow; 
teeth scarcely developed; nacre bluish or greenish. Animal unknown. 


+SPATHA PETERSI von Martens. 


*Spatha peterst VON MARTENS, Mal. Bl., VI, 1860, p. 218, pl. ut, figs. 1, 2.— 
*Dourn, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, p. 117.—* von Martens, Besch., 1897, 
p. 251. 

* Mutela petersi CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 197, pl. Lx, figs. 1, 2.— 
*PA&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.—* Smiru, Pr. Mal. Soc. Lond., 1894, 
p. 167. 

Spathella petersi BOURGUIGNAT, Mol. Af. Eq., 1889, p. 197. 

*tSpatha modesta Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1864, p.109; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VI, 1866, p. 37, pl. x11, fig.35; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 41, pl. x11, fig. 35. 

* Platiris (Spatha) modesta LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 89. 


Mozambique; Zanzibar and Uganda. 


+SPATHA ARCUATA Cailliaud. 


* Anodonta arcuata CAILLIAUD,! Voy. &’ Méroé, IV, 1826, p. 263; II, pl. Lx, figs. 4, 5.— 
*CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen., 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* von Martens, Mal. Bl., XIII, 1866, p. 77.— 
* 2CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 145, pl. xtvu, figs. 1, 2.—* JickE11, L. 
and Suss. Moll. N. Ost-Af. 1874, p.265.—* Parsi, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 176. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) arcuata Lea, Syn., 1836, p. 54; 1838, p. 32. 

* Tridina arcuata POTIEZ and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 146, pl. Lv, fig. 4. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) arcuata LEA, Syn., 1852, p.53; 1870, p. 83. 

* Spatha arcuata JICKELI, Faun., 1874, p. 265.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 188. 


Egypt; Abyssinia. 


1 Arcuta in The Voyage; a typographical error, I presume. 


900 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM, VOL, XXII- 


SPATHA CRYPTORADIATA Putzeys. 


> 


* Spatha cryptoradiata PuTzZEYs, Proc. Verb. Soc. Mal. Belg., 1898, pl. XXvu, figs. 
14, 15. 


Leopoldville; Congo. 


SPATHA STUHLMANNI von Martens. 


* Spatha stuhlmannii VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 250, fig. ! 


Lake Albert; Nyanza. 
SPATHA SUBRENIFORMIS Sowerby. 


* Anodon soleniformis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xrv, fig. 50. 
* Anodonta subreniformis P2zTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185. 


Lake Nyanza. 
SPATHA PFEIFFERIANA Bernardi. 


* Margaritana pfeifferiana BERNARDI, Jl. de Conch., IV, 1860, p. 331, pl. x11, figs. 
1, 2.—P.®TEL, Conch. Sam., UI, 1890, p. 173. 
* Margaron (Margaritana) pfeifferiana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 68. 


Gaboon; West Africa. 
tSPATHA DAHOMEYENSIS Lea. 


* Anodonta dahomeyensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., III, 1859, p. 154; *Jl. Ac. N. 
Sei. Phila., IV, 1859, p. 261, pl. x11, fig. 141; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 79, pl. X11, fig. 
141.—* PETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 178.—* CLEssIn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 
1873, p. 103, pl. XXxI, figs. 5, 6. 

~ dnodon dahomeyensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. XxX xv, fig. 151. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) dahomeyensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 82. 

*t Anodonta senegalensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., II, 1859, p. 154; *Jl. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 260, pl. x11, fig. 140; *Obs., VII. 1860, p. 78, pl. Xt, fig. 
140.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, pl. XXXJ, figs. 7, 8.—* P£TEL, Conch. 
Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 184. 

* dnodon senegalensis SOWERBY. Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. x1, fig. 35; 1870, pl. 
XXXII, fig. 130. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) senegalensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 82. 

* Spatha senegalensis PTEL, Conch. Sam., III. 1890, p. 188. 

* Mutelina senegalica JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. de Fr., XI, 1886, p. 488.2 


West Africa. 
SPATHA COMPLANATA Jousseaume. 


~ Mutelina complanata JOUSSEAUME, Bull. Soc. Zool. de-Fr., XI, 1886, p. 489, pl. 
x1, figs. 1, la. 


Upper Senegal; Niger River. 


1T am doubtful whether this is distinct from S. arcuata. 

2Jousseaume has the unspeakable assurance to take the 4nodonta senegalensis of 
Lea, place it in the so-called genus Mutelina, change the specific name to senegalica, 
and credit the whole to Bourguignat. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 901 


SPATHA DIVARICATA von Martens. 


* Spatha divaricata VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 250, pl. vit, fig. 15. 


Lake Victoria; Nyauza. 


Subgenus MONCETIA Bourguignat, 1885. 


(Type, Moncetia anceyi Bourguignat. ) 


Shell long-elliptical, inequilateral, com pressed, thick, somber-colored ; 
beaks compressed, smooth, sharp; hinge with a tubercular eminence 
near the beak of the right valve, with two internal ligaments and three 
eroups of muscular impressions (Bourguignat).' 


Animal unknown. 
SPATHA ANCEYI Bourguignat. 


* Moncetia anceyti BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk., 1885, p. 34; * Icon. Mal., 1888, pl. xxx, 
tig. 1.—* VON MarTens, Besch., 1>97, p. 258. 
* Moncelia jouberti BOURGUIGNAYT Un. et Ir., 1886, p. 63; *Ilcon. Mal., 1888, pl. 
XXX, fig 4. 
Lake Tanganyika. 
SPATHA MONIETI Bourguignat. 


* Moncetia monieti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir., 1886, p. 61; * Icon. Mal., 1888, pl. 
ZOOS 1h [fe r 

* Moncetia rochebrunecana BOURGUIGNAT, Nouv. Mal., 1886, p. 62; *Icon. Mal., 
1888, pl. xxx, fig. 8. 


. 


Lake Tanganyika. 


SPATHA LAVIGERINA Bourguignat. 


* Moncetia lavigerina BOURGUIGNAT, Nouv. Mal., 1886, p.60; *Icon. Mal., 1888, pl. 
XXX, fig. 6. 

* Moncelia bridouxi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir., 1886, p. 65; *Icon. Mal., 1888, pl. 
VEO, 1H, Be 


Lake Tanganyika. 


Subgenus ASPATHARIA Bourguignat, 1885. 
(Type, Margaritana vignoniana Bernardi. ) 


Shell elongated rhomboid, somewhat compressed, with a full, rounded 
posterior ridge, from which curved rows of fine, broken corrugations 
radiate; epidermis dark olive ,wrinkled, rayless; beak sculpture not 
seen; hinge with a low, slightly elevated ridge in the left valve in front 
of the beak; dorsal scars small; nacre lurid, bluish-green. Animal 
unknown. 


1This may be a distinct genus, though its characters seem to agree fairly well in 
most respects with those of Spatha. Bourguignat does not describe the muscle scars 
or tell anything of the nacre. 


902 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


+SPATHA VIGNONIANA Bernardi. 


* Margaritana vignoniana BERNARDI, Jl. de Conch., VII, 1858, p. 302, pl. x, fig. 1.— 
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 

* Unio vignoniana REEVE, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1865, pl. xxv, fig. 120. 

* Anodonta vignonana MUSGRAVE, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 1, fig. 1. 

*Anodon vignonanus REEVE, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xx1X, fig. 116. 

* Margaron (Unio) vignonana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 32. 

* Margaron (Margaritana) vignowana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 67. 

* Anodonta rugifera DUNKER, Mal. Bl., V, 1858, p. 225.1 


Gaboon, West Africa. 
SPATHA CORRUGATA Dautzenberg. 


* Spatha corrugata DAUTZENBERG, Jl. de Conch., X LI, 18938, p. 50, pl. vil, fig. 5. 
River Niari, West Africa. 
The following are unfigured and unidentified species. 
* Spatha pangallicensis ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Phil., VI, 1882, p. 33. 
High Senegal. 
* Anodonta tawi RANG., Nouv. Ann. Mus., 1834, p. 297. 
Senegal. : 
* Spatha baikit H. ADAMS, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 447. 
Niger River. 
* Spatha anataria JICKELI, Faun. Suss. Moll. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 266. 


Kgypt. 

* Spatha gancinensis ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p. 9. 
* Spatha corneola ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p. 9. 
* Spathella protchi ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p. 9. 

Kongo River. 

*Chambardia BOURGUIGNAT in Servain, 1891. New name for the Egyptian 
Tridinide. 

Chambardia bourguignati, C. locardiana, C. letourneuxiana, C. phara- 
onum, C. rhynchonella, CO. rhynchoidéa. Some of these are credited to 
Bourguignat and some to Servain. I don’t know what they are. They 
may be Moncetias. 


Genus MUTELA Scopoli, 1777. 
(Type, Iridina exotica Lamarck. ) 


Mutela Scopout, Intr. Nat. Hist., 1777, p. 397. 
Tridina LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 88. 
Calliscapha Swainson, Tr. on Mal., 1840, p. 380. 
Eufira GIsTEL, Naturg. Hohe Schul., 1848, p. 
Shell elongated, slightly inflated, with low, smooth beaks, and a 
rounded posterior ridge; surface faintly concentrically grooved; epider- 
mis rayless; hinge straight, having generally vestiges of taxodont teeth; 


1 Probably =S. vignoniana Bernardi, but there is only a Latin description. Both 
were published the same year. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON., 903 


dorsal scars an irregular row, extending downward and forward; 
muscle scars irregular. 

Animal having the palpi longer than wide, not united; mantle mar- 
gin united as far as the foot, so that the branchial and anal openings 
are closed; outer branchiz united to the mantle to the extremity; inner 
entirely united to the foot; foot tongue shaped, somewhat produced 
anteriorly. Jridina celestis Lea (Troschel.) 


(Group of Mutelu exotica.) 
Shell elongate, rhomboid, wider and subtruncated behind, subsolid. 


+MUTELA EXOTICA Lamarck. 


*TIridina exotica LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 89; * Ene. Méth., II, 1827, 
p. 147, pl. cctv, fig. 1, 1b; *Srark, Nat. Hist., IT, 1828, p. 88.—* Lxa, Syn., 1836, 
p. 56.—* Han ey, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 225.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. 
Nom., 1845, p. 68.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl.1, fig. 2.—* CLEs- 
SIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 231, pl. Lxx1, fig. 1. 

* Anodonta exotica BLAINVILLE, Man., 1825, p.538, pl. LXVI, fig. 3. 

* Platiris (Iridina) exotica LEA, Syn., 1838, p.33; 1852, p.54; 1870, p. 88. 

* Pleiodon exoticus PHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188. 

*Tridina elongata SOwERBY, Rec. and Fos. Shells, VII, 1821, fig. 1..—* OxEn, Isis, 
1854, p. 458.—* SowERBy, Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 150.—* Swarnson, Tr. on 
Mal., 1840, p. 286, fig. 60.—* RrEveE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 122, pl. xc1.— 
* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1848, p. 225.—* Carlow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, 
p. 68.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl.1, fig. 1. 

* Platiris (Spatha) elongata La, Syn., 1838, p. 34. 

* Mutela elongata Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187. 

* Tridina striata OKEN, Isis, 1834, p. 458. 

* ? Mutela soleniformis BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk., 1885, p. 25.—* PrELsENEER, Bull. 
Mus. Belg., IV, 1886, p. 109.—* BourGuienart, Icon. Mal., 1888, pl. x x11, fig. 
2.—* VON Marrens, Besch., 1897, p. 254. 

* 2 Mutela bridouxi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir., 1886, p. 25; *Ieon. Mal., 1888, pl. 
OSU Tiers 

Tropical Africa. 
tMUTELA DUBIA Gmelin. 


Le Mutel ApaNson, Hist. Nat. du Sen., 1757, p. 234, pl. xvi, fig. 21. 

* Mytilus dubia GMELIN, Syst. Nat., 1788, p. 3368.2 

* Anodonta dubia Bosc, Hist Nat. Coq., III, 1824, p. 144. 

* Platiris (Spatha) dubia LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 55; 1870, p. 89. 

*Mutela dubia H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 506, pl. cxrx; III, 
figs. 1, la.—* CLussin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 194, pl. xxv, fig. 3.— 
* PATEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187. 

*Tridina dubia CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 147, fig. 726. 

* Mytilus dubius DiLLwyn, part, Cat., I, 1817, p. 318.—* Woop, Ind. Test. rev., 
1856, p. 69, pl. x11, fig. 36. 


West Africa. 


'T agree with Lea that this = exotica. The teeth are not strongly developed. 

*Gmelin refers to Adanson’s figure. Dillwyn evidently has Gmelin’s species and 
Cristaria plicata from China confounded. Two or three of these so-called species of 
Mutela are very close, and large series from different localities would probably show 
that they run together. There is much variation in the form and the develop- 
ment of hinge tubercles, even in a single species from a given locality. 


904 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vou. xxu1. 


*MUTELA NILOTICA Sowerby. 


* Tridina nilotica SOWERBY, Zool. Journal, J, 1835, p. 53, pl. u.—* ?CaAILLIAUD, 
Voy. & Méroé, 1826, pl. Lx, fig. 12.—* AUDOUIN, Savieny, Icon. Moll. Egypt, 
1827, pl. vu, fig. 2:.—* Crovucn, Ill. Int. Lam., 1827, p. 17, pl. x, fig. 1.— 
*LEA, Syn., 1836, p.56.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 225.—* CarLow and 
REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.—* DEsHAYEs, Tr. Ele., II, 1853, p. 219, pl. 
xvui, figs. 6, 7.—*CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 148, fig. 727.—* SowERBy, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 11, fig. 4. 

* Platiris (Spatha) nilotica LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 33. 

* Mytilus niloticus Woop, Ind. Test. Rev., 1856, p. 207, pl. 11, sup. fig. 1. 

* Mutela nilotica H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 506.—* JicKkE11, 
Faun., 1874, p. 259.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.—* WEsTER- 
LUND, Faun. Pal., Il, Pt. 7, 1890, p. 313. 

*% Mutela jouberti BouRGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir., 1886, p. 28; *Icon. Mal., 1888, pl. 
Xx, fig. 1.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187. 

* ? Mutela visseri BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir., 1886, p. 31.—* Pa TEL, Conch. [Sam., 
ILI, 1890, p. 187. 

*Mutela vysseri BOURGUIGNAT, Icon. Mal., 1888, pl. x x11, fig. 3. 


MUTELA NILOTICA var. EMINI von Martens. 


* Mutela nilotica var. eminti VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 253. 


Tropical Africa. 
+|MUTELA ANGUSTATA Sowerby. 


* Tridina angustata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 11, fig 5. 
* Mutela angustata JICKELI, Faun. N. O. Af., 1874, p. 268.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., 
IIT, 1890, p. 187.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II., pl. 7, 1890, p. 312. 
Tropical Africa. 


+MUTELA ALATA Lea. 


*Spatha alata Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1864, p. 109; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1866, 
p. 35, pl. x11, hg. 315; *Obs., XI, 1867, p. 39; pl. xu, fic. 31-—* Pare Coneh. 
Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 188. 

* Platiris (Spatha) alata LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 89. 

* Mutela alata CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 196, pl. LX1I, figs. 7, 8.—*ANCEY, 
Bull. Soc. Zool. de Fr., 1894, p. 232.—* VON MaRTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 253. 

* Burtonia alata ANCEY, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., VI, 1889, p. 38. 


Lake Nyassa. 
MUTELA SIMPSONI Ancey. 


* Mutela simpsoni ANCEY, Bull. Soc. Zool. de Fr., VII, 1834, p. 233, fig. 8. 
* Mutela alata var. simpsoni VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 253. 


Shire and Karonga rivers, near Lake Nyassa. 


MUTELA BOURGUIGNATI Bourguignat.! 


* Mutela bourguignati BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk., 1885, p. 8.—* SmirH, Ann. and 
Mag., X, 1892, p. 128, pl. x11, fig. 16.—* VON Martens, Besch., 1897, p. 255. 


Lake Nyanza. 


1 Credited to Ancey, in litt. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 905 


(Group of Mutela rostrata.) 


Shell somewhat inflated, thin, elongated, with a low, rounded poste- 
rior ridge ending in a point about midway up from the base; beaks 
low, smooth; epidermis bluish green, rayless; hinge line edentulous or 
having only the faintest vestiges of denticles; muscle scars large, 
shallow, indistinct; nacre bluish, shaded violet. 

Animal the same as in typical Jutela. 


+MUTELA ROSTRATA Rang. 


*Tridina rostrata RANG, Nouv. Ann. Mus., 1835, p. 316.—* Potirz and MIcHaup, 
Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 147, pl. Lv1, fig. 1. 

“Spatha rostrata VON MARTENS, Mal. Bl., XIII, 1866, p. 11. 

*Mutela rostrata JICKELI, Faun., 1874, p. 269.—* WESTERLUND, Faun. Pal., II, Pt. 
7, 1890, p. 312.—* Pmre., Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187. 

* Mutelina rostrata BOURGUIGNAT, Bull. Soc. Zool. de Fr., II, 1886, p. 488. 

*Tridina celestis LEA, Syn., 1836, p.57; * Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 82, pl. x x11, 
fig. 70; *Obs., II, 1838, p. 82, pl. xxu1, fig. 70.—* TRoscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 
1839, Pt. 2, p. 239.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 225.—* CaTLow and REEVE, 
Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.—* TroscHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., XIII, 1847, I, p. 273.— 
* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 1, fig. 3. 

*Platiris (Spatha) celestis LuA, Syn., 1838, p.33; 1852, p.55; 1870, p. 89. 

*Mutela celestis H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 506.—* CLEssin, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 193, pl. xxv, figs. 1, 2.—* PTE, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 187. 


Tropical Africa. 


Subgenus PSEUDOMUTELA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Mycetopus plicatus Sowerby.') 


Shell rather thin, elongate, wide, round and gaping behind, cut away 
and gaping at the anterior base; beaks low; surface rudely sulcate; a 
series of irregular nodulous projections extends down the low posterior 
ridge; hinge edentulous, with a kind of faint, broken internal ligament, 
with a wide prismatic streak behind; muscle sears distinct, united, the 
anterior protractor, however, separated and irregular; nacre lurid 
violet, iridescent behind. 


tMUTELA PLICATA Sowerby. 


* Mycetopus plicatus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 11, fig. 5; Icon. XVI, 
1868, pl. 11. fig. 3.—* FiscuEr, Jl. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 8.—* PeTEL, 
Conch, Sam., III, 1890, p. 187. 
*Platiris (Mycetopus) plicatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 90. 
* Mutela plicata JICKELI, Faun. Moll. N. Ost-Af., 1874, p. 270. 
Locality unknown, but Africa, no doubt. Sowerby credits it to 
Gray’s manuscript in the British Museum. 


1This is certainly not a Mycetopoda, but is evidently nearer Mutela than anything. 
Ihave placed it in that group as a subgenus, though it may be worthy of generic 
rank. 


906 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. SXU 


The following are unfigured Mutelas: 


*Mutela lavigerina BOURGUIGNAT, Un. and Ir., 1886, p.26. Lake Tanganyika. 
*Mutela moineli BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir., 1886, p.27. Lake Tanganyika. 

* Mutela subdiaphana BouRGUIGNAT, Moll. Fluv. Ny., 1883, p.5. Vietoria Nyanza. 
* Mutelina thottont ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p.7. Kongo. 

* Mutelina legumen ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p.6. Kongo. 

* Mutelina mabilli ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p.7. Kongo. 
*Mutelina paludicola ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., Ii, 1886, p. 8. 

* Mutelina prasina ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soe. Mal. Fr., ITI, 1886, p.7. Kongo. 

* Tridina welwitschii MORELET, Voy. de Angola, 1868, p. 98. 


Genus CHELIDONOPSIS Aneey, 1887. 
(Type, Chelidoneura arietina Rochebrune. ) 


Chelidoneura ROCHEBRUNE, 8. B. Nat. Fr., 1886, p. 3. 
Chelidonopsis ANCrY, Conch. Exchange, II, 1887, p. 22. 

Shell elongated, thin, narrowed in front, gaping on the anterior basal 
part and winged on the front dorsal portion, rounded behind, with a 
pinched-up posterior ridge which develops into an open or closed tube 
near its hinder part; the shell ending in a diamond-shaped gap; 
epidermis shining slightly, concentrically grooved; hinge-line narrow, 
straight, with faint vestiges of denticles; a deep furrow inside marks 
the position of the posterior ridge; muscle scars faint; nacre brilliant, 
iridescent. 

Animal unknown. 


CHELIDONOPSIS ARIETINA Rochebrune. 


* Chelidoneura arietind ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal. Fr., III, 1886, p.4, pl.1, figs. 
1-4. 


Gancini, Kongo. 
+CHELIDONOPSIS HIRUNDO von Martens. 


* Spatha hirundo VON MARTENS, 8. B. Nat. Fr., 1881, p. 122; *Conch. Mitth., III, 
1885?, p. 139, pl. xxvu1;! Conch. Mitth., II, 1883, p. 139, pl. xxvir. 

* Spatha (Mutela) hirundo ROCHEBRUNE, Bull. Soc. Mal., Fr., ITI, 1886, p. 2, pl. 1, 
figs. 5, 6. 

Chelidoneura hirundo VON MARTENS, 8S. B. Nat. Fr., 1886, p.161, pl.1, figs. 5, 6. 


Kongo region. 
Genus BRAZZAA Bourguignat, 1885. 
(Type, Brazzwa anceyt Bourguignat. *) 
Brazzwa BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Nouv. et Gen Nouv., 1885, p. 321. 


Shell thin, transparent, brilliant wine-colored, elliptical, greatly 
inflated, with a slight post-dorsal wing, and a high double posterior 
ridge; beaks smooth, compressed, but the region below them full; 


1 Probably the young of arietina. 

2This appears to be a valid genus, belonging to the Mutelidw. I copy for the most 
part Bourguignat’s description, which leaves out some essential characters. I have 
neyer seen any of the species. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 907 


hinge edentulous, filiform, with LO Heemnenres. one internal, a winen 
external; there are three groups of muscular impressions aa several 
dorsal scars running in a row from the beak forward and downward; 
upper border of the left valve projecting over that of the right, forming 
@ SINUOUS Wing. 

Animal unknown. 


BRAZZAA ANCEYI Bourguignat. 


* Brazzea anceyt BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk. et Tan., 1885, p. 33; *Icon., 1888, pl. 
XXvill, figs. 1-4.—* von Martens, Besch., 1897, p. 258. 

* Brazzea eximia BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 57; *Icon., 1888, pl. 
XXEX, fig. 5. 


Lake Tanganyika. 
BRAZZHA BOURGUIGNATI Bourguignat. 


* Brazzea bourguignati BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 58; *Icon., 1888, 
pl. xxviu, figs. 5, 6. 


Lake Tanganyika. 
BRAZZAHA ELONGATA Bourguignat. 


* Brazzwa elongata BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 51; *Icon., 1888, pl. 
MEK, fies, 2) 3. 


Lake Tanganyika. 
BRAZZ/EA COULBOISI Bourguignat. 
* Brazzea coulboisi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir, Tan., 1886, p. 50; *Icon., 1888, pl. 
XXIX, fig. 1. 
Lake Tanganyika. 
BRAZZAA VENTROSA Pee eet 


* Brazzea ventrosa BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 45; *Icon., 1888, pl. 
XXIX, fig. 4. 

Lake Tanganyika. 

The following are unfigured species: 
Brazzea randabeli BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 46. 
Brazzea moineti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 47 
Brazzea jourdyi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 48. 
Brazzwa charbonnieri BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 52. 
Brazzea lavigerina BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 55. 
Brazzea bridouxi BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 54. 
Brazzea newcombiana BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 55. 


All from Lake Tanganyika. 


Genus PLEIODON Conrad, 1854. 
(Type, Pleiodon ovatus Swainson.) 
Pleiodon ConRaD, Jl. Ac-N. Sci. Phila., VII, 1834, p. 178. 


Shell elliptical, inflated, solid, with a rounded posterior ridge, and 
full, peared beaks; epidermis smooth, SUID Boner ally SEMIS 5 hinge 


1Said He Tourer fo he of To bert in litt, 


908 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIi. 


plate wide, nearly straight, set with strong, irregular, taxodont teeth 
throughout its length; beak cavities moderate, with a row of dorsal 
sears running obliquely downward and forward; anterior and posterior 
muscle scars well defined. 

Animal with the palpi semilunar, united to the mantle by a straight 
border, longer than wide; outer ails generally larger than the inner, 
united their whole length to the mantle; inner united to the abdominal 
sac; genitalia occupying each side the lateral part of the visceral mass as 
far forward as the foot; mantle closed below the branchial siphon, and 
united into branchial and anal siphons; anal opening rather small; 
branchial opening large, the two separated by a solid bridge which solders 
together the extremities of the four branchiwe,; both orifices have a 
thickened inner edge, the branchial being furnished with short tubercles 
or granules; mantle united below posteriorly one-fourth its length; 
foot large and strong; adductor muscles strong (Pelseneer). 


Subgenus PLEIODON Conrad. 
Characters as in the genus. 


tPLEIODON OVATUS Swainson. 


* Tridina ovata SWAINSON, Phil. Mag., LXI, 1823, p. 112.—* OkENn, Isis, 1834, p. 
458.—* REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 122, pl. xc111.—* HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 
1843, p. 225.—* CaTtLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.68; *Elements of 
Conch., I, 1860, pl. xxx1u1, fig. 184.—* CLESsIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 
230, pl. LXxX, fig. 2; LX XI, fig. 2. 

* Platiris (Iridina) ovata Lra, Syn., 1838, p. 33; 1852, p. 54; 1870, p. 88. 

* Pleiodon ovata CONRAD, Jl. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, p. 298; *H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IL, 1857, p. 506. 

* Pleiodon ovatus CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 148, fig. 728.—*SowrErsy, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1866, pl. 1, fig. 1. —* Pa Te, Conch. Bane ITI, 1890, p. 188. 

Tridina exotica CHILDREN, Brande’s J]., XV, 1823, p. 

* Pleiodon ee iei CONRAD, Jl. Ac. Nat. Sei. Phila, VI, 1834, p. 13, pl. x11; 
VII, 1854, p. 298. 

* Margarita (Pleiodon) macmurtriet LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 55. 

* Tridina valeus JAY, Cat., 1850, p. 70.! 

*Mutela valeus H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.506.—* Pa TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 187. 

* Platiris (Iridina) leati LEA, Syn., 1852, p.54; 1870, p. 88.2 

* Pleiodon leaiti H. and A. Adams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 506.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188. 

* Pleiodon splendens CONRAD, J]. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 1854, p. 299. 

* Tridina splendida CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl.1, figs. 2, 2a, 2b, 2e, 2d. 


West Africa. 
The following are unfigured species of Pleiodon: 


* Pleiodon diolibanus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Egypt and Ab., 1879, p. 47. 
* Pleiodon elongatus BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Kg ‘gypt and Ab., 1879, p.47. Senegal River. 


1Said to be of ene 
*Presented to Dr. Lea by Sowerby as Jridina leaii. Lea believes it to be a young. 
ovatus. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. ~ 909 


* Pleiodon letourneauxianus BouURGUIGNAT, Moll. Egypt and Ab., 1879, p. 48. 
Senegal River. 
* Pleiodon pachyodon BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Egypt and Ab., 1879, p. 43. 


Subgenus CAMERONIA Bourguignat, 1879. 
(Type, Iridina spekti Woodward.) 


Anterior end of the hinge plate usually (not always) split up length- 
wise into irregular teeth, which bear tubercles on their surfaces.! 
The mantle of P. spekii has a decided palleal sinus behind. (Pelseneer.) 


+tPLEIODON SPEKII Woodward. 


* Tridina (Pleiodon) spekiti WOODWARD, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1859, p. 348, pl. XLVII, 
fig.2; *Ann. and Mag., V, 1860, p. 337. 

* Pleiodon spekit SowERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. 1, fig. 2. 

* Platiris (Iridina) spekii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 88. 

* Cameronia spekii BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Egypt and Ab., 1879, p. 43. 

* Tridina spekti CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 232, pl. LXX, fig. 2. 

* Pleiodon (Cameronia) spekiti CROSSE, J1. de Conch, X XIX, 1881, p. 180. 

* Pleiodon spekit SMITH, Proc. Zool. Soc., 1881, p. 296, pl. Xxxrv, figs. 31, 3la.— 
* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188. 

* Mutela (Iridina) spekit VON MARTENS, Besch., 1897, p. 256. 

* Cameronia gigantea BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 68; *Icon. Mal., 
1888, pl. Xxxxv, fig. 1. 

* Cameronia admirabilis BOURGUIGNAT, Un.et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 69; *Icon. Mal., 
1888, pl. XxxIV, fig. 1. 

* Cameronia coulboisti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 77; *Icon. Mal., 
1888, pl. xx x1, figs. 1, 2. 

Cameronia josseti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 82; *Icon. Mal., 1888, 
pl. xxxu, fig. 3. e 

*Cameronia paradoxa BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p.,91; *Icon. Mal., 
1888, pl. xxxu, fig. 1. 


Lake Tanganyika. 


PLEIODON LANDEAUI Bourguignat. 
* Cameronia landeaut BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 74; *Icon. Mal., 
1888, pl. xxxI, fig. 3.” 
Lake Tanganyika. 
PLEIODON BOURGUIGNATI Bourguignat.® 


* Cameronia bourguignati BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk., 1885, p.26; *Icon. Mal., 1888, 
pl. XXxIII. 


Lake Tanganyika. 

The following are unfigured species of Cameronia. 
* Cameronia anceyi BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk., 1885, p.30. Lake Tanganyika. 
* Cameronia bridouxt BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 71. 


* Cameronia charbonnieri BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 83. Lake 
Tanganyika. 


1The splitting up of the anterior end of the hinge is altogether irregular, and 
may be due to disease, as the hinge is sometimes entire. 

2Probably a short, diseased spekii. 

3Credited to Ancey in litt. by Bourguignat, 


910 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


* Cameronia complanata BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 76. Lake Tan- 
ganyika. 

*Cameronia dromauxit BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 84. Lake Tan- 
ganyika, 

* Cameronia giraudi BOURGUIGNAY?, Nat. Prod., 1885, p.107. Lake Tanganyika. 

*Cameronia guillemeti BoURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 72. Lake Tan- 


ganyika. 

*Cameronia jouberti BOURGUINAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 88. Lake Tan- 
ganyika. 

* Cameronia lavigirina BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 85. Lake Tan- 
ganyika. 

*Cameronia locardiana BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 78. Lake Tan- 
ganyika. 


* Cameronia marioniana BOURGUIGNAT, Esp. Ouk., 1885, p.28. Lake Tanganyika. 

* Cameronia mabilliana BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 86. Lake Tan- 
ganyika. 

*Cameronia moineti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 89. Lake Tan- 
ganyika. 

‘Cameronia pulchella BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 73. Lake Tan- 
ganyika. 

* Cameronia obtusa BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 75. Lake Tanganyika. 

* Cameronia randebeli BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 90. Lake Tan- 
ganyika. 

*Cameronia revoiliana BOURGUIGNAT, Moll. Tan., 1885, p.107. Lake Tanganyika. 

*Cameronia vynckiti BOURGUIGNAT, Un. et Ir. Tan., 1886, p. 81. Lake Tan- 
ganyika. 


Genus MONOCONDYLAAA @WOrbigny, 1835. 
(Type, Monocondylwa paraguayana @Orbigny. ) 


Aplodon SPix (not of Rafinesque, 1818), Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, pl. xxv, figs. 1, 2. 
Monocondylwa D’ORBIGNY, Guerin Mag., 1835, p. 37. 
Spixoconcha PILSBRY, Nautilus, VII, 1893, p. 30. 

Shell rounded to obovate, rather solid, with a low, posterior ridge 
which is generally bordered by two or more dark, radiating bands; 
epidermis dull olive green to olive brown, cloth like; hinge with two 
irregular teeth under the beak in the left valve and two in the right, 
the posterior under the beak, the anterior in front of it and interlocking 
with those of the left valve, the whole generally more or less tuberculate; 
nacre soft, silvery, with iridescent shades; anterior scars united; pos- 
terior indistinct; prismatic layer wide. 

Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole length of the inner 
branchie; gills very large, curved below, inner very much the larger, 
united the whole length of the abdominal sac; palpi small, round below, 
attached along their upper edge; mantle thick, greatly thickened at 
the edge, with a few papille in front of the branchial opening below; 
branchial opening large, with numerous small knob-like papillae; anal 
opening large, without papillw, separated completely from the branchial 
opening by a bridge; superanal opening not closed below. 


(Group of Monocondylewa guarayana.) 


Shell obovate, inflated, solid, often slightly produced just behind the 
center of the base; beaks full, turned inward and forward. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 9{1 


+MONOCONDYLA®A GUARAYANA d’Orbigny. 


“ Monocondylaa guarayana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 38; *Voy. Am. Mer., 
1843, p. 614, pl. Lxvin, figs. 4-5.—* H. and A. Abams, Gen. Rec. Moll,, II, 1857, 
poOL MS ply exalt, he.) 3. CBENU, Mamn., 1859" Il, p. 145) fie. 715.— 
*PAHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 

* Margarita (Monocondylwa) guarayana LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 28. 

“Unio guarayana HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 213; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 213, pl. 
XxUI, fig. 14.—* SowrErBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xev1, fig. 524. 

* Margaron (Monocondylwa) guarayana LRA, Syn., 1852, p. 45; 1870, p. 73. 


Bolivia. 
MONOCONDYLA®A INERME Spix. 
* Aplodon inerme SPix, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 32, pl. xxv, figs. 1-2.—* von 


JHERING, Arch. fiir Nat.,1890, p. 126, pl. 1x, figs. 1-3. 
South Brazil. 
tMONOCONDYLAZA PARCHAPPII d’Orbigny. 


* Moncondylea parchappti D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 38; * Voy. Am. Mer., 
1843, p. 615, pl. LX vIn, figs. 1-3.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p.501.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 

* Margarita (Monocondylea) parchapptt LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 28. 

* Unio parchappiti HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 212; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 212, pl. 
XXII, fig. 13.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62. 

* Margaron (Monocondylea) parchappit La, Syn., 1852, p.45; 1870, p. 73. 

*+ Monocondylwa paztt Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 34; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 273, pl. xxxvI, fig. 88; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 36, pl. xxxvI, fig. 
88.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876. p. 251, pl. LXxIx, figs. 6-7.—* PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 

* Margaron (Monocondylwa) pazit Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 73. 


Argentina. 


+MONOCONDYLAA PARAGUAYANA @d’Orbigny. 


* Monocondylea paraguayana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 37.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 149.—* D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 612, pl. Lxx, 
figs. 5-7.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 501.—* CLEssin, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 245, pl. LXxv1H1, figs. 1, 2.—* PaTrL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 174. 

* Margarita (Margaritana) paraguayana LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 27. 

* Unio paraguayana HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 212; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 212, pl. 
XXII, fig. 17.—* SOwWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1866, pl. LI, fig. 273. 

* Margaron (Monocondylwa) paraguayana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.45; 1870, p. 73. 

* Unio paraguayanus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 62. 

*+ Monocondylwa minuana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 37; *“ Voy. Am. Mer., 
1843, p. 612, pl.Lxx, figs. 8-10.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 501.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 

* Margarita (Margaritana) minuana LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 28. 

* Margaron (Monocondylea) minuana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.45; 1870, p. 73. 

* Unio minuanus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 213; * Biv. Shells, 1543, p. 213, pl. 
XXII, fig. 18.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Xct, fig. 497. 


Rio de la Plata drainage. 


912 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XX. 


tMONOCONDYLAA RETICULATA Moricand. 


* Monocondyiwa reticulata MORICAND, Rey. et Mag., X, 1858, p. 453, pl. xv, fig. 2. 
* Margaron (Monocondylea) reticulata LEa, Syn., 1870, p. 72. 

* Margaritana reticulata Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 

* Unio reticulatus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxvut, fig. 458. 

* Aplodon reticulatus VON InERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 115. 


Brazil. 
MONOCONDYLA2A COSTULATA Moricand. 


* Monocondylwa costulata MORICAND, Rev. et Mag. Zool., X, 1858, p. 453, pl. xv, fig. 1; 
* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. LXxxviit, fig. 470.—* PaTreL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 
*Margaron (Monocondylwa) costulata Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 72. 


Brazil. 
+t MONOCONDYLAA CORRIENTESENSIS d’Orbigny. 


* Monocondylaa corrientesensis D ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.38; * Voy. Am. Mer., 
1843, p. 615, pl. LX vu, figs. 8-10.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, 
p. 501.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 246, pl. Lxxvitl, figs. 3, 4.— 
*PamTEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 174. 

*Margarita (Monocondylwa) corrientesensis LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 28. 

*Unio corrientesensis HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 212; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 212, 
pl. xx, fig. 15.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p.57.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xem, fig. 509. 

*Margaron (Monocondylea) corrientesensis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.45; 1870, p. 73. 


Argentina. 
MONOCONDYLAA JASPIDEA Hupe. 
*Unio jaspidea Hupx, An. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 83, pl. x viv, fig. 2.! 
*Margaron ( Unio?) jaspideus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 37. 
Amazon. 
(Group of Monocondylaa franciscana.) 


Shell moderately inflated, lenticular, rounded, not very solid; some- 
times slightly produced at the post basal region; beaks rather low. 


+t MONOCONDYLZA FRANCISCANA Moricand. 


* Unio (Monocondylwa) franciscana MORICAND, Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Gen., VIII, 
1837, p. 39, pl. 1, figs. 14-17.—* TrROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., VIII, 1842, Pt. 2, 
p. 404. : 

* Margarita (Margaritana) franciscana LEA, Syn., 18388, p. 35. 

* Margaron (Monocondylea) franciscana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 45; 1870, p. 72. 

* Monocondylea franciscana H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., IT, 1857, p. 501.— 
*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 251, pl. LXxtv, figs. 4, 5.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 174. 

* Aplodon franciscana VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 115. 


Brazil. 
+ MONOCONDYLAA LENTIFORMIS Lea. 


* Monocondylea lentiformis Lra, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p. 34; *Jl. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., VI, 1868, p. 272, pl. xxxvi, fig. 86; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 32, pl]. Xx xvI, 
fig. 86.—*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 250, pl. LXxIx, figs. 4, 5.— 
* Pa&TEL, Conch. Sam., 1890, p. 174. 


''The figure shows the teeth, which appear to be those of a Monocondylea. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 913 


* Margaron (Monocondylea) lentiformis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 72. 
* Aplodon lentiformis VON IHERING, Arch. fiir. Nat., 1893, p. 67.—* NEHRING, J. 
de Conch., 1894, p. 82. 
Southern Brazil. 
The following species is unknown to me: 


* Monocondylea tamsana DUNKER, Mal. B1., V, 1858, p. 226. 


Genus IHERINGELLA Pilsbry, 1898. 
(Type, Plagiodon isocardioides Lea, ) 


Plagiodon Lma, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 79. 
Theringella PrussBry, Nautilus, VII, 1893, p. 30. 

Shell solid, inflated, rounded to rhomboid in outline, with a more or 
less developed posterior ridge; beaks high, curved inward and forward, 
without sculpture; epidermis dull olive, cloth-like; hinge teeth imper- 
fectly developed, nodulous or more or less broken into denticles, there 
being an irregular tooth in the left valve under the beak, sometimes 
partially bifid, and two in the right valve, with the pit between them 
under the beak; anterior muscle scars deep, partially united; posterior 
sears shallow; nacre soft, bluish silvery, iridescent behind. 

Animal unknown. 


(Group of [heringella isocardioides.) 
Shell rhomboid or tsocardia shaped, with a high, distinct, strongly 
curved posterior ridge; beaks decidedly full and turned forward. 
tIHERINGELLA ISOCARDIOIDES Lea. 


* Plagiodon isocardiodes Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VIII, 1856, p. 79.' 

* Plagiodon isocardioides Lea, Obs., VI, 1857, p. 38, pl. xxxut, fig. 32; *Jl. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila., III, 1858, p.318, pl. Xxxt1, fig. 32.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 
1862, p. 292, pl. xcvul, figs. 8-10. 

* Unio isocardioides SOwWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. xc, fig. 484.—* PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 156. 2 

* Margaron (Plagiodon) isocardioides LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 71. 


Rio de la Plata; Eastern Peru?. 
IHERINGELLA SEMISULCATA H. Adams. 


* Monocondylwa (Plagiodon) semisulcata H. ADAMS, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1870, p. 
376, pl. Xx VU, fig. 3. 


Eastern Peru. 
(Group of Theringella rotundata.) 
Shell somewhat rounded, sublenticular, posterior ridge rather low. 
+IHERINGELLA ROTUNDATA Mousson. 


* Plagiodon rotundatus Mousson, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 187.—* Premrer, Nov. 
Conch., IV, 1876, p. 139, pl. cxxXt1, figs. 8, 9. 


South America. 


1 Printed as above. A typographical error, probably. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 58 


914 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL. 


IHERINGELLA BALZANI von lhering. 
* Plagiodon balzani VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 69, pl. 11, fig. 3. 
Rio Paraguay; San Paulo, Brazil. 


Genus FOSSULA Lea, 1870. 
(Type, Monocondylea fossiculifera VOrbigny.) 
Fossula LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 72 (footnote). 


Shell obovate, inflated, solid, with rather high beaks and a low 
posterior ridge; epidermis olive-brown, somewhat smooth, sometimes 
slightly rayed; there is an irregular tooth in the left valve under the 
beak, and behind it a cavity; in the right valve there is a cavity under 
the beak, and an irregular tooth in front of and another behind it; 
the teeth and cavities are generally partly covered with brownish or 
amber-colored matter, and more or less pitted; anterior cicatrices well 
marked, united; posterior faint; prismatic border wide. 

Animal unknown. 


+FOSSULA FOSSICULIFERA d’Orbigny. 


* Monocondylwa fossiculifera D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.38; * Voy. Am. Mer., 
1843, p. 614, pl. LX xx, figs. 5-7.—* H. and. A. ApAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
501.—* CLEessrn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 249, pl. XLXIx, figs. 1, 2.—-* PmTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 174. 

* Margarita (Margaritana) fossiculifera Lea, Syn., 1838, p. 28. 

*Unio fossiculifera LANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 213; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 213, pl. 
Xxil, fig. 19.—* SowERBY, Conch. Icon., X VI, 1868, pl. xcv1, fig. 521. 

* Margaron (Monocondylaa) fossiculifera Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 45; 1870, p. 73. 

* Fossula fossiculifera VON IMERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 64, pl. 11, fig. 2. 

* Unio fossiculiferus CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 59. 

* Anodonta fusciculifera PazTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 179. 


Parana River, South America. 
FOSSULA BALZANI von Ihering. 


* Fossula balzani VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 65, pl. 111, fig. 1. 
Rio Paraguay; Rio Apae, South America. 


Genus LEILA Gray, 1840. 
(Type, Anodonta blainvilleana Lea. ) 


Columba LEA (not Columba Linnieus, aves, 1758), Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1833, p. 78. 
Leila Gray, Syn. Brit. Mus., 1840, p. 142. 

Shell large, obovate, inflated, with a straight hinge line which is 
produced into a slight wing before and behind, tbe posterior end 
bluntly pointed and somewhat truncate above, with a faint posterior 
ridge; beaks full, smooth, epidermis olive, generally smooth; hinge 
edentulous; beak cavities rather shallow; dorsal scars small and 
numerous, running in a straight line from behind the beaks downward 
and forward; posterior muscle scars united, large; palleal line gen- 
erally showing a sinus.! 


' Conchologically this genus seems to be very closely related to Glabaris, especially 
to the group of G. trapesialis. Some of the shells of that genus have a slight dorsal 
wing in front and behind, and traces of a palleal sinus. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 915 


Animal having the mantle united behind into two short, separate, 
contractile siphons, according to Gray.! 


+ LEILA BLAINVILLEANA Lea.2 


* Anodonta blainvilleana Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 77, pl. xu, fig. 35; 
*Obs., I, 1834, p. 189, pl. xu, fig. 35.—* Haney, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 229; 
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 222, pl. xxiv, fig. 18. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) blainvilleana LEa, Syn., 1836, p. 53; 1838, p. 31. 

* Anodon blainvilleana CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) blainvilleana Lra, Syn., 1852, p. 52. 

* Leila blainvilleana H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 507; ITI, pl. 
CXIX, figs. 4, 4a.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 148, fig. 730. 

* Columba blainvilleana CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 253, pl. LXxxv1, figs. 
1, 2.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1850, p. 188. 

*“Anodon parishiti GRAY, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1834, p. 57.°—* MOLLER, Syn. Noy. 
Gen., 1836, p. 195.—* CaTLow and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. 

*Margarita (Anodonta) parishti LEA, Syn., 1836, p.53; 1838, p. 31. 

* Anodonta parishii HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 222; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 222.— 
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 183. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) parishtt LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 52. 

“Leila parishit H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 507. 

*Anodon hians SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. 1v, fig. 8. 


Peru; Brazil; south to Argentina. 
+ LEILA ESULA d’Orbigny. 


*Tridina esula D’ORBIGNY, Guerin Mag., 1835, p.43; “Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 597. 

Anodonta esula JAN, Charpentier and Jan, Cat., 1837, p. 24.4 

* Margarita (Anodonta) esula LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 32. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) esula LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 52. 

*Margaron (Columba) esula LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 86. 

* Leila esula H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Mol1., II, 1857, p. 507. 

“Anodonta arcuata HANLEY, Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 223. 

*Leila pulvinata Hups#, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 90, pl. xx, fig. 1. 

“Columba pulvinata CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 255, pl. LXxv, figs. 1, 2.— 
* PETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188. 

* Anodon pulvinatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. v, fig. 10. 

“Leila castelnaudi Hupr, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 91, pl. xrx, fig. 1.—* von Mar- 
TENS, Mal. Bl., XV, 1868, p. 201. 

“Anodon castelnaudt SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1868, pl. xx, fig. 79. 

“Columba castelnaudit CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 254, pl. Lxxxtv, figs. 
1, 2.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188. 


Bolivia; Brazil; Paraguay. 


1Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., VI, p. 316. 

2The volume of the transactions in which Lea’s name was published was issued, 
according to Scudder, in August or September, 1834. Gray read the paper contain- 
ing the description of his Anodon parishii before the Zoological Society on July 8 of 
the same year, and the date of publication of that volume of the proceedings is 1834. 
As I do not know just when it appeared, and as Lea’s is the better known name, I 
retain the latter. 

3Gray states in a letter to Lea, November, 1834, that his 4. parishii and Lea’s 
blainvilliana are the same. 

4 According to Lea. I have not seen this paper. The species is quite commonly 
credited to Jan, but it was published by @Orbigny under the name of Jridina esula 
in 1835, and I am not aware that Jan described it earlier than 1837. 


916 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXIL 


LEILA SPIXII von Ihering. 


* Anodon giganteus SPIX (part), Test. Fluy. Bras., 1827, p. 27, pl. xix, fig. 1 (young). 
* Anodonta gigantea KuSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano. 1853, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 2 (young). 
* Columba spixii VON THERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1890, p. 135, pl. 1x, fig. 4. 


Amazon River. 


Genus GLABARIS Gray, 1847. 
(Type, Anodonta exotica Lamarck.) 
Glabaris GRAY, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847, p. 197. 


Shell rounded to elongated, inflated, subsolid; beaks full, smooth; 
epidermis smooth or clothlike, rarely having faint rays; hinge line. 
straight or slightly curved, edentulous, sometimes a little sinuous, the 
escutcheon distinct and large; nacre soft tinted, the prismatic border 
wide and well defined. 

Animal with the marsupium occupying the whole of the inner 
branchiz, which are united their entire length to the abdominal sac; 
palpi generally semicircular or kidney shaped; attached along their 
entire upper length, not projecting posteriorly; branchial and anal 
openings with or without papille, not united into siphons in the speci- 
mens examined, separated by a strong bridge; superanal opening not 
closed below. 


Section GLABARIS Gray, 1847 


(Type, Anodonta exotica Lamarck.) 


Shell rounded to elliptical; posterior ridge low or wanting. 
(Group of Glabaris patagonicus.) 


Shell solid, inflated, obovate, usually somewhat produced behind the 
center of the base; beaks quite full, projecting above the hinge line; 
epidermis olive brown, rather smooth, generally rayless; anterior muscle 
sears well defined. 

Animal with the gills large, rounded below; palpi rather large; 
mantle thickened at edge and furnished with palpi in front of the 
branchial opening; branchial opening large, with numerous minute 
papille; anal opening large, with no papille. 


+GLABARIS PATAGONICUS Lamarck. 


* Anodonta patagonica LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p.88.—* LaMARCK, Ene. 
Méth., II, 1827, p. 147, pl. 2U3, fig. 1.—* Stark, Nat. Hist., II, 1828, p. 89.— 
*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 221; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p.221.—*KusTER,Conch. | 
Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 50, pl. x11, fig. 2.—*H. and A. ADams, Gen. Rec. Moll., Il, — 
1857, p.504.—* VON MARTENS, Mal. Blatt., XV, 1868, p. 198.—*PaTEL, Conch. | 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 183. 

*Margarita (Anodonta) patagonica Lma, Syn., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 31. 

* 4nodon patagonica CATLOW. and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) patagonica Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82. 


NO.1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. O17 


*Anodon trapezeus SPIx, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 28, pl. xx, fig. 1. 

* Anodonta trapezeum D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, pp. 6, 19. 

* Anodonta trapezea KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 7, fig. 3. 

* Glabaris trapezea VON JHERING, Arch. fiir Naturg., 1893, p.57. 

*t Anodonta lato-marginata Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 76, pl. x11, fig. 34; 
* Obs., I, 1834, p. 188, pl. xu, fig. 34.—* Haney. Test. Moll., 1842, p.221; * Biv. 
Shells, 1843, p. 221, pl. xxIv, fig. 14.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 504. —~ CHENU, Man., II, 1859, p. 146, fig. 724.—° CLEssIN, Conch. Cab., 
1873, p. 76, pl. XXI, figs. 3, 4. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) lato-marginata La, Syn., 1836, p.53; 1838, p. 31. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) lato-marginata LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82. 

* Anodon lato-marginatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. 11, fig. 3. 

* Anodon lati-marginata CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. 

* Anodonta lati-marginata STROBEL, Mat. Mal., Pt. 1, 1874, p. 67.—~* Part, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181. 

* Anodonta membranacea D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 616, pl. LXXxIx, 
fig. 11. 

* Anodonta solida KustTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 50, pl. x11, fig. 1. 

* @t Anodonta uruguayensis LEA,! Pr. Ac. N. Sci.Phila., IV, 1860, p. 92; * Jl. Ac. N. 
Sci. Phila.,V, 1863, p. 393, pl. xLvu1, fig. 302; * Obs., X, 1863, p. 29, pl. xLvim, 
fig. 302.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab., 1874, p. 114, pl. xxxvuu, figs. 1, 2.— 
*SoweERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxx, fig. 121, 

* Margaron (Anodonta) uruguayensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 83. 

* Columbia uruguayensis P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188. 

* Anodonta sinuosa CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 90, pl. xx, figs. 1, 2. 

* Anodonta serpentina CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 223, pl. LXXxV, figs. 2, 3.— 
* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184. 


GLABARIS PATAGONICUS var. FELIX Pilsbry. 


*Glabaris lato-marginatus LEA, var. felix PitsBRy, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1869, 
p. 563, pl. xxvi, fig. 8. 


* Southern South America, east of the Andes; the variety in Colonia, 
Uruguay. 
GLABARIS CRASSUS Swainson. 


* Anodon crassus SWAINSON, Zool. Il, 1st ser., III, 1823, pl. cLxvii. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) crassa LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 235; 1838, p. 32. 

* Anodonta crassa HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 222; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 222.— 
*“H. and A. ApDams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 504.—* ParreL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 178. 

* Anodon crassa CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. 

~ Margaron (Anodonta) crassa LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 52; 1870, p. 83. 


Rio de la Plata. 
+ GLABARIS WYMANII Lea. 


* Anodonta wymanii Lua, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 91; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., V, 1863, p. 390, pl. xLtv, fig. 294; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 26, pl. xxiv, fig. 
294.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 104, pl. xxxu, figs. 1, 2.— 
* PETEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186. 


‘An old worn shell—the type—is the only one in the Lea collection, save a few 
very young that are doubtfully the same. It is a little more inflated than most 
specimens that are called lato-marginata, but not more than some are, and I hardly 
think it distinct. 


918 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


* Margaron (Anodonta) wymanii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 80. 
* Anodon wymani SOwRBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxx, fig. 117. 


Uruguay River, South America. 
+GLABARIS SIRIONIS d’Orbigny. 


* Anodonta sirionis D’ORBIGNY, Mag. Zool., 1835, p. 40.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 
1842, p. 221; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 221.—* p’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, 
p. 615, pl. Lxxiv, figs. 4-6; Lxxx, figs. 1-4.—*H. and A. ADaMs, Gen. Ree. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 504.—* CLessrn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 128, pl. X11, 
figs. 1, 2.—* Pw TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) sirionis LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 31. 

* Anodon sirionis CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) sirionis Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82. 

* Anodonta ferrarisii D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 40. 


Rio de la Plata 
+ GLABARIS PAZII Lea. y 

* Anodonta pazii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., X, 1866, p.35; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
VI, 1868, p. 274, pl. xxxvi, fig. 87; *Obs., XII, 1869, pl. xxxvi, fig. 87.— @ 

* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 139, pl. xLim, figs. 3,4.—* P&TEL,Conch. — 


Sam., III, 1890, p. 183. 
* Margaron (Anodonta) pazit Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 


South America. 
+GLABARIS RUBICUNDUS Lea. 


* Anodonta rubicunda LEa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 92; * Jl. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., V, 1863, p.392, pl. xLvi, fig. 299; * Obs., X, 1863, p. 28, pl. XLVI, fig. 
299.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 106, pl. Xxx, figs. 5, 6.—* PATEL, 


Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184. 
*Anodon rubicundus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxx, fig. 118. 


* Margaron (Anodonta) rubicunda LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 75. 
Uruguay River, South America. 
+ GLABARIS ROTUNDUS Spix. 


* Anodon rotundus SPIx, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 28, pl. xx, figs. 2-4. 

* Anodon rotunda KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 33, pl. vuit, fig. 1. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) rotunda LKA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 

* Glabaris rotunda VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 59. 

*+t Anodonta cailliaudit Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sei. Phila., IV, 1860, p. 308; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1863, p. 395, pl. xLv, fig. 297; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 31, pl. XLV, fig. 297.— 
*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 105, pl. xxxtl, figs. 3, 4.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177. 

* Anodon cailliaudi SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xu, fig. 38. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) cailliaudit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 


Brazil. 
GLABARIS MEMBRANACEUS Maton. 


* Mytilus membranaceus MATON, Tr. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1811, p. 329, pl. xxrv, figs. 11, 


12. 


1Tt is difficult to tell what this is, but I believe it to be some species of Glabaris, 
from the fact that Maton says that the hinge is edentulous. The figure (11) plainly 
shows it to be destitute of radial beak sculpture, though the umbo is perfect. The 
specimens figured are evidently young. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 919 


*Margarita (Anodonta) membranacea LEA, Syn., 1836, p.22; 1838, p. 23. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) membranacea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 34; 1870, p. 55. 

* Unio membranaceus HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 202.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.492.—* PareL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 159. 

“Unio subtrapezius Puitiprt, Zeits. fiir Mal., IV, 1847, p.96; *Abbild., III, 1848, 
p.80, pl. v, fig. 3.—* Kuster, Conch. Cab. Unio, 1862, p. 283, pl. xcv, fig. 4. 


Rio de la Plata. 


+ GLABARIS IHERINGI Clessin. 


“Anodonta iheringt CLESSIN, Mal. Bl., V, 1882, p. 191, pl.1v, fig. 5.—*PaTE., 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.} 


(Group of Glabaris crispatus.) 


Shell elliptical obovate, slightly produced at the posterior base, and 
straight or very feebly incurved in front of it; epidermis fuscous or 
tawny, cloth-like behind, somewhat rayed by more or less incised lines 
in front, where it is wrinkled like dried paint, the wrinkles often being 
looped; nacre lurid, bluish, somewhat iridescent. 

Animal unknown. 


+GLABARIS CRISPATUS Bruguiere. 


* Anodontites crispata BRUGUIERE, JI. de Hist. Nat., I, 1792, p. 131. 

* Anodonta crispata LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 86.2—* Lra, Obs., I, 1834, — 
p. 205.—* HANLeEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 217; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 217.—* H. and 
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p. 503.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 
178. 

*Margarita (Anodonta) crispata Lma, Syn., 1836, p. 48; 1838, p. 29. 

* Anodon crispata CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) crispata LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 47; 1870, p. 75. 

*? Anodonta crispa LAMARCK, Ene Meth., II, 1827, p. 147, pl. com, fig. 3. 

*t Anodonta puberula GOULD, U. 8. Expl. Ex., XII, 1852, p. 434, figs. 548, 548a, 
5485.8 

* Anodon reticulatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. x, fig. 27. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) reticulata Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 80. 

* Anodonta reticulata P42 TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184. 


Widely distributed in tropical South America. 


GLABARIS PHILIPPIANUS Simpson.‘ 


*Anodonta subsinuata PHILIPPI, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 41.—* PreirrEer, Nov. 
Conch., III, 1869, p. 487, pl. cv, figs. 7,8.—* PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 


p. 185. 
Ucayali River, Peru. 


1 This species combines characters of the Patagonicus and Tenebricosus groups. 

2 Lamarck refers to Encyclopaedie Méthodique, pl. Cc111, figs. 3, 3a, 3b. 

3 According to Lea’s note in pencil on the margin of this description the species—= 
crispata. I think he is right. 

+The name subsinuata, applied to this by Philippi, will have to be placed in the 
synonymy, as Sowerby used it previously for a Glabaris which he placed in Anodonta, 


930 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+ GLABARIS NAPOENSIS Lea. 


* Anodonta napoensis Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 162; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p.324, pl. Lim, fig. 137; “Obs., XII, 1869, p. 84, pl. L111, fig. 1387.— 
*CLESSIN, Conch.Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 116, eee figs. 3, 4.—*P@TEL, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 182. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) napoensis LA, Syn., 1870, p. 80. 


River Napo, Ecuador. 
+GLABARIS TORTILIS Lea. 


* Anodonta tortilis Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X,1852, p. 291, pl. xxviny, fig. 54; *Obs., 
V, 1852, p. 47, pl. xxvul, fig. 54.—*H.and A. ADAms, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 503.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 166, pl. Lv, figs. 7, 8.— 
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) tortilis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.47; 1870, p. 75. 

* dnodon tortilis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxxvil, fig. 154. 


Cartagena, Colombia. 
+GLABARIS LUTEOLUS Lea. 


* Anodonta luteola La, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., Il, 1858, p. 118; Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., IV, 1860, p. 267, pl. x11, fig. 147; *Obs., VII, 1860, p. 85, pl. XLII, fig. 
147. es CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 12 Dp al XXXVUI, figs. 1, 2.—* B. Jel, 
WriGuHt, Check List, 1888.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., ILI, 1890, p. 181. 

* Margaron (Gneannin) luteola Lua, Syn., 1870, p. 83." 

* Anodon luteolus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. Xxx111, fig. 132. 


Isthmus of Darien; Nicaragua: Costa Rica. 
+ GLABARIS SCHOMBURGIANUS Sowerby. 


* Anodon schomburgianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxxrv, fig. 137. 
* Anodonta schomburgkiana CLESSIN, Conch.Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 235,pl. LXXvil, fig4. 


British Guiana. 
+GLABARIS STREBELII Lea. 


* Anodonta strebelii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XX, 1868, p. 150; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VII, 1868, p. 322, pl. Lu, fig. 135; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 82, pl. Lu, fig. 
135.—*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 138, pl. xLu, figs. 5, 6.—* B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) strebelti LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 79. 


Mexico. 
tGLABARIS CYLINDRACEUS Lea. 


* Margarita (Anodonta) cylindracea, LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 54; 1838, p. 32. 

* Anodonta cylindracea Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., VI, 1838, p. 45, pl. xm, fig. 40; 
*Obs., II, 1838, p. 45, pl. x1, fig. 40.—* TROSCHEL, Arch. fiir Nat., V, 1839, 
Pt. 2, p. 238.—* Han ey, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 223; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 223.— 
*ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1853, p. 263.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 161, pl. 
Liu, figs. 5, 6.—* B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 178.—* FiscuER and Crosse, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p 528. 

* Anodon cylindracea CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xxtv, fig. 93 

* Margaron (Anodonta) cylindracea LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82. 


Medellin River, Mexico. 


; 
4 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 921 


+GLABARIS PUELCHANUS dOrbigny. 


* Anodonta puelchana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 40; Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, 

\ p. 620, pl. Lxx1x, figs. 7-9.—* CHENU, Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. III, figs. 7, 7a.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p.503.—* STROBEL, Mal. Argent., 
1874.—* CLEssiIn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 130, pl. x11, figs. 5, 6.—* PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 183. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) puelchana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 81. 

*dnodonta obtusula Hur, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 87, pl. xv, fig. 3.—*CLEssIN, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 214, pl. Lx v1, fig. 2.—*PamTEL,.Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, 
p. 182. 

= Anodon obtusula SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1868, pl. Xx, fig. 81. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) obtusula La, Syn., 1870, p. 79. 

* Glabaris obtusula VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1895, p. 119. 


Patagonia, north to the Amazon; west to Bolivia. 


+GLABARIS LIMNOICUS d’Orbigny. 


* Anodonta limnoica, D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 40.—*HANLEY, Test. Moll., 
1842, p. 218.—*pD’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p.619, pl. LXXIX, figs. 1-3.— 
*H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p.502.—*CLEssin, Conch. Cab. 
Ano., 1874, p. 129, pl. x1, figs. 3, 4.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181. 

*4Anodon limnoica CATLOW and REEVE,Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) limnoica Lx, Syn., 1838, p. 30. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) limnoica Lea, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 79. 

* Anodonta lymnoica CHENU. Il]. Conch., 1858, pl. 111, figs. 1, la, 10. 


Argentina. 
GLABARIS LUCIDUS d’Orbigny. ' 


* Anodonta lucida D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 40; ~ Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 620, 
pl. . LX XIX, fig. 4-6.—* CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. 111, figs. 6, 6a, 6b.—* H. and 
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* Ciussin, Conch. Cab. Ano, 1875, 
p. 208, pl. Lx1x, figs. 4, 5.—* Pare, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 181. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) lucida LEa, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82. 


Uruguay. 
GLABARIS INCARUM Philippi. 

* Anodonta incarum PHILIPPI, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 40.—* PFEIFFER, Nov. Conch., 

III, 1869, p. 488, pl. cv., figs. 9-11.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.2 
Peru. 
+GLABARIS HOLTONIS Lea. 

*Anodonta holtonis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., I, 1857, p. 85; *J1. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 
TM AShSi- Epa! 6.- ply ecxexm hos ol Obs Vil W84ies peo, ply XX, tis. 
31.—* CuEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 149, pl. L., figs. 5, 6.—*B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180. 


*Anodon holtonis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. Xx xv1, fig. 147. 
*Margaron (Anodonta) holtonis La, Syn., 1870, p. 79. 


Colombia. 


1Tt is not unlikely that this and the two preceding species are variations of one 
thing. 
2Probably a form of G. puelchanus d’Orbigny. 


9272, . PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXL 


(Group of Glabaris inequivalvis.) 


Shell elliptical, moderately solid and inflated, with a low posterior 
ridge, slightly produced behind near the base and truncated above the 
posterior slope; beaks full, smooth; ligament imbedded in a sort of 
groove which extends to the anterior point of the shell; epidermis 
slightly roughened, often clothlike and showing the rest. periods, having 
faint radiating lines; nacre bluish, soft, but not brilliant. 

Animal unknown. 


t+GLABARIS INA®QUIVALVIS Lea. 


* Anodonta inequivalvis LA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.95; * Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 292, pl. x11, fig. 108; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 52, pl. xii, 
fig. 108.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 137, pl. XLIVv, figs. 7,8.—* B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) inequivalvis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 83. 

*+ Anodonta lenticularis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p.95; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 290, pl. x11, fig. 102; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 50, pl. x11, fig. 
102.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 134, pl. xxi, figs. 5, 6.—*B. H. 
WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) lenticularis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 

* Anodon glabrus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxv, fig. 97. 

* Anodon montezianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxxv1, fig. 145. 

* Anodonta viridana CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 226, pl. Lxxy, fig. 5.— 


*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186.—* FIscHER and CROssE, Miss. Sci. 
Pt. 7, 11, 1894, p. 521. 


Lake Nicaragua; Mexico. 


tGLABARIS GRANADENSIS Lea. 


* Anodonta granadensis Lm, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 96; * Ji. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 288, pl. xxi, fig. 100; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 48, pl. x11, fig. 
100.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 134, pl. xxiv, figs. 3, 4.—*B. H. 
WriGut, Check List, 1888.—* PaTEeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 180. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) granadensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 


Lake Nicaragua, Central America. 


+GLABARIS TRAUTWINIANUS Lea. 


* Anodonta trautwiniana Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 287, pl. xxv1, fig. 48; 
*Obs., V, 1852, p. 43, pl. xxv1, fig. 48. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) trautwiniana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 

* Anodon trautwinianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxx1tl, fig. 134. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) troutwiniana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51. 

* Anodonia troutwiniana H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.— 
*CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 112, pl. xxxvi, figs. 1, 2.—* Pamrs., 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186. 

*? Anodon ovatus SWAINSON, Ex. Conch., 1841, pl. xx xvi. 

? Anodonta carthagena - , Who? Where? 


Cartagena, Colombia, 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 923 


‘GLABARIS MONTEZUMA Lea.! 


*Anodonta montezuma LEA, Pr. Am. Phil. Soc., II, 1841, p. 31; *Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., 
1842, p. 240, pl. xxi, fig. 55; *Obs., III, 1842, p. 78, pl. xxi, fig. 55.—* H. and 
A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 504. —* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 
1876, p. 220, pl. LX Xu, figs. 7, 8.—* B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* Px Tet, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) montezuma LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82. 


Central America. 


(Group of Glabaris trapesialis.) 


Shell large, inflated, elliptical, narrower in front, with full, rather 
prominent beaks, a slight wing on the post dorsal part, and sometimes 
a small one in front of the beaks; epidermis smooth, generally uniform 
olive green; hinge line straight or slightly sinuous; escutcheon large 
and conspicuous; nacre bluish silvery, sometimes marked with parallel, 
wavy, dark lines. 

Animal with the marsupium filling the inner branchi; gills large, 
inner the larger; palpi very large, reniform; mantle thin, with a wide, 
thickened edge; branchial opening small, plicate, but not crenulate or 
papillose; anal opening large, smooth, separated from the branchial by 
a strong bridge. 


1GLABARIS TRAPESIALIS Lamarck. 


* Anodonta trapesialis LAMARCK, An. sans. Vert., VI, 1819, p. 87. 

*Tridina trapesialis DDORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 432. 

* Glabaris trapesialis PiusBy, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1896, p. 563. 

* Anodonta trapezialis BLAINVILLE, Man. de Mal. et Conch., 1825, p. 538, fig. 1.— 
*DESHAYES, Enc. Meth., II, 1827, p. 147, pl. ccv, fig. 1.—* Wyatt, Man. 
Conch., 1838, p. 68, pl. x1, fig. 3.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 220; * Biv. 
Shells, 1843, p. 220.—* KustEer, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 31, pl. vu, fig. 4.— 
*H. and A. ApAmMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 504.—* CLessin, Conch Cab. 
Ano., 1876, p. 235, pl. LXxvui, fig. 5. 

* Anodon trapezialis CRoucH, Ill. Int. Lam., 1827, p. 16, pl. 1x, fig. 7.—* CaTLow 
and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) trapezialis Lea, Syn., 1836, p.53; 1838, p. 31. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) trapezialis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.52; 1870, p. 82. 

* Columba trapezialis PastEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188. 

* Anodon giganteus SP1x (part), Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 27, pl. x1x, fig. 2. 

* Anodon gigantea SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. vit, fig. 18. 

* Anodonta gigantea VON MARTENS, Mal. B1., XV, 1868, p. 196. 

* Columba gigantea Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 188. 

*? Anodon penicillatus GRray,® Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1834, p.57.—* MOLLER, Syn. 
Noy. Gen., 1836, p. 195. 


1T have never seen this shell, and can not be positive from the figure and descrip- 
tion whether it is a Glabaris or an Anodonta. I incline to think it the former, and 
that it belongs in this group. 

2—= Anodontites trapesialis Lamarck according to d’Orbigny in above, but in Voy. 
Am. Mer. he says it is not that. 

3T have never seen this shell. Dr. Lea believes it to = trapesialis Lamarck. 


924 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


*Anodonta penicillata H. and A. ADAMS, Gram, Rec. Moll., Tl, 1857, p. 503.— 
*PMHTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 183. 

* Anodon susanne GRAY in Griffith, Cuyv., XII, 1834, pl. xxrv, fig. 1.'\—* SowERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. 1x, fig. 21. 

* Anodonta susannew Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185. 

*t Anodon ciconia GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., IV, 1851, p. 92.2—*?GouLp 
and CARPENTER, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1856, p. 202.—* Orta, Conch., 1862, ). 
213.—* PH@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177.—*? FiscuER and CRossE, 
Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 534, pl. Lx vin, figs. 2, 2a. 

*Anodon blainvilleana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. v1, fig. 2 


+GLABARIS TRAPESIALIS var. ANSERINUS Spix.3 


* Anodon anserinus SPIX, Test.F luv. Bras., 1827, p.29, pl. x vu, figs.1,2.—*SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xx x1, fig. 125. 

* Anodon anserinad CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) anserina LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 31. 

* Anodonta anserina HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 222; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 222.— 
*H.and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 504.—*CHENU, Man., 1859, II, 
p. 146.—* CLEssin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 80, pl. xx, fig. 1.—* Pa Txt, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) anserina Lia, Syn., 1852, p.52; 1870, p. 83. 


+GLABARIS TRAPESIALIS var. EXOTICUS Lamarck. 


* Anodonta exoticus LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819,p. 87.—* Srark, Nat. Hist., II, 
1828, p. 89.—* DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam.,1841, pl. x111, fig. 1.—*HANLEY, Test. 
Moll., 1842, p. 217; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 217.—*p’ORBIGNy, Voy, Am. Mer., 
1843, p. 621.—*CHENU, II]. Conch., 1858, pl. m1, fig. 2.—* von MARTENS, 
Mal. Bl., XV, 1868, p. 197.—*STROBEL, Mat. Mal., Pt. 1, 1874, p. 66.—*CLESSIN, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 178, pl. Lvmm, figs. 1, 2. 

*Anadon exotica CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66._ 

*Columba exotica P#TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 188. 


t GLABARIS TRAPESIALIS var. SCRIPTUS Sowerby. 


*Anodon scriptus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. Iv, fig. 9.+ 
* Anodon subsinuatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. vu, fig. 14. 


1 This is briefly described in the index, p. 595, as Anodon susanne. In the text the 
genus is called Anodontites. 

2Two specimens of this, a large and a smaller one, are in the Gould collection. 
Lea places the species in the synonymy of G. trapesialis Lamarck., to which Lewis 
objects in a note on the back of Gould’s label on account of its locality—Mexico. 
After carefully comparing these shells with all our trapesialis in the Museum col- 
lections I am unable to separate the two. Carpenter states (Mazatlan Shells, p. 117) 
that it is found rather plentifully at Mazatlan. I do not believe that the locality 
given for Gould’s shells is correct (it is referred to Mexico with doubt by its author), 
and have no doubt that they are from South America. The species alluded to by 
Carpenter is probably G. glauca Valenciennes, which is closely related to G. trapesialis. 

3 Glabaris trapesialis is a very abundant, widely distributed species, and shows a 
great number of variations. Some of these are probably worthy of varietal names, 
others seem to be so mixed with various forms that they are scarcely worthy of any 
designation. 

‘A brownish, somewhat elongated form, much narrowed in front, receiving its 
name from having dark purplish letter-like marks on the nacre. There is every pos- 
sible development of this character from shells in which it is a marked feature to 
those without it at all. 


4 
: 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 925 


* Anodon subsinuatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. v1, fig. 15. 

* Anodon areolatus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. x, fig. 28. 

* Anodonta bahiensis KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 94, pl. Xx, fig. 2.—*P TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176. 

*Glabaris bahiensis VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Naturg., 1895, p. 115. 


GLABARIS TRAPESIALIS var. MORETONIANUS Sowerby. 
* Anodon moretonianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. 1x, fig. 20. 
tGLABARIS TRAPESIALIS var. RIOPLATENSIS Sowerby. 


* Anodon rioplatensis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxVv1, fig. 101. 

* Anodonta rioplatensis CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 217, pl. Lxiv, fig. 3.— 
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184. 

*? Anodon ciconia SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. X XIX, fig. 115 a. 


+GLABARIS TRAPESIALIS var. CYGNAEFORMIS Pilsbry. 
*Glabaris trapesialis var. cygneformis PILSBRY, Pr.Ac. N. Sei. Phila., 1896, p. 563, 
pl. xxv1, fig. 4, 5. 


Tropical South America from Brazil and Peru southward. 


t GLABARIS RADIATUS Spix.! 


* Anodon radiatus SP1x, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 31, pl. xx111, fig. 1. 
* Margaron (Anodonta) radiatus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 83. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) radiata LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 51. 

* Anodon radiata CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. 

* Glabaris radiata VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 115. 


Brazil. 
tGLABARIS SIMPSONIANUS Pilsbry. 
* Glabaris simpsonianus PiLsBRy, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., 1896, p. 564, pl. xxvil, 
fig. 13. 


Rio de la Plata. 


GLABARIS HERTWIGII von Ihering. 
* Anodonta hertwigit VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1890, p. 150, pl. rx, fig. 7. 


+GLABARIS SINUOSUS Lamarck. 


* Anodonta sinuosa LAMARCK, An. sans Vert., VI, 1819, p. 87.—* DESHAYEsS, Enc. 
Meth., II, 1827, p. 147, pl. ccim, fig. 2.—* HanLEy, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 224; 
* Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 224, Pt. 24, fig. 16.—*H. and A. ADAMs, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p. 503.—* PasTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 184. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) sinuosa Lea, Syn., 1836, p.54; 1838, p. 32. 

* Anodon sinuosa CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) sinuosa LEA, Syn., 1852, p.53; 1870, p. 83. 

* Anodon sinuosus SWAINSON, Ex. Conch., 2d ed., 1841, p. 29, pl. Xv1. 


Brazil. 


1The specimen figured is a young shell, somewhat narrowed at the posterior end, 
and quite full at the central base, with broad, faint rays. It may be only a variety 
of trapesialis. 


926 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


— 


GLABARIS GRIJALVZ Morelet. 


* Anodonta grijalve MORELET, Jl. de Conch., XXXT, 1884, p.12.—* P&TEL,Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 180.—* FiscuEr and Crosse, Miss. Sei., Pt. 7, II, 1894, 
p. 532, pl. LxIx, figs. 1, la. ‘i 
* Anodonta grijoloe PmTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 180.! 


Tabasco, Mexico. 


+GLABARIS GLAUCUS Valenciennes. 


* 4{nodonta glauca VALENCIENNES, Rec. Obs. Zool., II, 1833, p. 236, pl. 1, fig. 2.— 
*Fprussac, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 25.—* DrsHAyEs, An. sans Vert., 2d ed., VI, 
1835, p. 569; 3d ed., II, 1839, p. 679.—* DELESSERT, Rec. Coq. Lam., 1841, pl. 
xu, fig. 3.—* HanLey, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 221; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 221.— 
* ConraD, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phiia., VI, 1853, p. 264.—* H. and A. ADams, Gen. 
Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 222, pl. LXXMI 
fig. 1.—* B. H. WRIGHT, Check List, 1888.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1590, 
p- 180.—* FiscuEer and Crossp, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, If, 1894, p. 533, pl. LXIXx, figs. 
1,la. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) glauca LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 51; 1858, p. 30. 

* Anodon glauca CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* GOULD, Pr. Bost. 
Soc. N. Hist., III, 1850, p. 293. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) glauca Lra, Syn., 1852, p.50; 1870, p. 80. 

*Monocondylwa glauca H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 501.— 
*P ere, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 174. 

* Anodon glaucus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxvit, fig. 105. 

*% Anodonta ciconia GOULD, Pr. Bost. Soc. N. Hist. 1V, 1851, p. 92.—CARPENTER, 
Maz. Shells, 1857, p. 117.—*? FiscHER and Crosss, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, 
p. 534, pl. Lx vu, figs. 2, 2a. 

* Anodonta burroughiana CHENU (part), Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. ur. 


GLABARIS GLAUCUS var. SINALOENSIS Crosse and Fischer. 


* Anodonta glauca VALENCIENNES, var. sinaloenses CROSSE and FISCHER, JI. de 
Conch., XXXI, 1883, p. 219. 


Mexico, south to Peru and Brazil. 
GLABARIS UMBONATUS Simpson. 
Anodon ciconia SOwWERBY (part), Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. xxx, fig. 115b.? 
Locality unknown. 
+GLABARIS BRIDGESII Lea. 


* Anodonta bridgesii Lea, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 95; *J1. Ac. N. Sei. 
Phila., VI, 1868, p. 291, pl. xuu, fig. 104; *Obs., XII, 1869, p. 51, pl. XL, 


\'The above atrocity, which is a sample of many names in Petel, is no doubt 
intended for G. grijalva. 

2 Sowerby gives two figures of what he calls ciconia, 115a being most likely a young 
shell of some form of trapesialis, the other a totally different form, apparently a new 
species of Glabaris of the trapesialis group. As far as the figure shows it may be 
described as follows: Shell subquadrate with nearly straight dorsal and basal lines, 
biangulate behind, greatly inflated, with very full, high beaks which rise far above 
the dorsal line, winged and angulated at the front and hinder dorsal line; color 
olive-green. Length, 147mm.; height, 92 mm.; elevation of beaks above dorsal line, 
10 mm. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSON. 927 


‘fig. 104.—* CLEssIn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 136, pl. XLv, figs. 1, 2.—* B. H. 
WriGuHt, Check List, 1888.—* Pmrrn, Conch. Sam., IIT, 1890, p. 177. 
* Margaron (Anodonta) bridgesii Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 


Nicaragua; Honduras. 


+GLABARIS JEWITTIANUS Lea. 


* Anodonta jewittiana LEa, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., XII, 1868, p. 95. 

*Anodonta jewittii Lka, JI. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., VI, 1869, p. 289, pl. xut, fig. 101; 
*Obs., XII, 1869, p. 49, pl. x11, fig. 101.—* CLEssIn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 
135, pl. xxtv, figs. 1,2.—*B. H. Wrient, Check List, 1888.—* Pret, Conch. 
Sam., III, 1890, p. 180. 

~ Margaron (Anodonta) jewittii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 


Lake Nicaragua. 


+GLABARIS FORBESIANUS Lea. 


* Anodonta forbesiana Lna, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.92; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1863, p. 393, pl. xLvu, fig. 301; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 29, pl. XLVQ, fig. 
301.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 115, pl. xxxTv, figs. 1, 2.—* PATEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 179. 

* Anodon forbesianus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxx, fig. 119. 

* Margaron (Anodon‘a) forbesiana LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 


Uruguay; Peru. 
+GLABARIS MORICANDII Lea. 


* Anodonta moricandii LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.90; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1863, p. 396, pl. xurx, fig. 303; Obs., X, 1863, p. 32, pl. x1LIx, fig. 
303.—* CLESsIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 114, pl: xxxvii, figs. 3, 4.— 
*PmTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182. 

* Anodon moricandii SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. Xxx, fig. 126. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) moricandii LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 81. 

* Glabaris moricandii VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 115. 

*? Anodonta exotica SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. xv1, fig. 57. 

* Anodonta angustata CLESSIN,! Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 226, pl. LXXxIv, figs. 6, 7.— 
*P#TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 176. 

Brazil. 


(Group of Glabaris georgine.) 


Shell subsolid, obovate, with a decided, curved posterior ridge, and a 
smaller one above it, the space between the ridges a shallow groove. 


GLABARIS GEORGIN Griffith. 


* Anodonta georgine GRIFFITH, Griff. Cuvier, XII, 1834, pl. x1x. Brief description 
in index. 


Rivers of Paraguay. 
(Group of Glabaris trigonus.) 


Shell long, elliptical, solid, inflated, produced at posterior base with 
smooth, shining epidermis; nacre very bright. 


1 Appears to be a very young G. moricandii. 


928 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+GLABARIS TRIGONUS Spix. 


* Anodon trigonus SPIx, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 29, pl. x x11, fig. 2. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) trigona Lma, Syn., 1836, p. 51; 1838, p. 30. 

* Anodon trigona CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68. 

* Anodonta trigona HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 218.—*pD’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. 


Mer., 1843, p. 618.—* KusTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 5.—*H. . 


and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—* PareEL, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 186. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) trigona LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 50; 1870, p. 75. 

* dnodon chiquetana D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 41. 

* Anodonta chiquetana PEHTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 177. 


* 4nodonta castelnandi Hurk, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 88, pl. xv1tt, fig.4.—* PATEL, — 


Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 177. 

* dnodonta subrostrata PHitteri, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 39.—* PFEIFFER. Nov. 
Conch., III, 1869, p. 486, pl. cv, figs. 1-3.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, 
p. 185. 

*4Anodonta ucayalensis Puitiepi, Mal. Bl., XVI, 1869, p. 40.--* PFEIFFER, Novy. 
Conch., III, 1869, p. 486, pl. cv, figs. 4-6.—-* Pa@TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, 
p. 186. 


Brazil; Ecuador; Peru; Bolivia. 
+GLABARIS AMAZONENSIS Lea. 


* Anodonta amazonensis LEA, Pr. Ac. N. Sci. Phila., IV, 1860, p.89; *Jl. Ac. N. Sci. 
Phila., V, 1863, p. 395, pl. xLv1, fig. 300; *Obs., X, 1863, p. 31, pl. XLVI, fig. 
300.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 119, pl. xxxvil, fig. 7.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 176. 

* Anodon amazonensis SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1870, pl. xxx, fig. 120. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) amazonensis LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 82. 


Amazon. 
GLABARIS WEDDELLII Hupe. 


* Anodonta weddelliti Hupe, Moll. Nouy., III, 1857, p.87, pl. xvii, fig. 5.—*CLESSIN, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 214, pl. Lxvi, fig. 1.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 186. 
* Anodon weddellii SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1868, pl. xx, fig. 80. 
*Margaron (Anodonta) weddellit LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 79. 
Brazil. 
+GLABARIS ELONGATUS Swainson. 


*Anodon elongatus SWAINSON, Zool. l11., Ist Ser., II, pl. chxxvi, 1823. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) elongata LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 53; 1858, p. 32. 

* Anodonta elongata HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 223; *Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 
223.—*H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503. 

* Anodon elongata CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66. 

* Anodonta solidula DEVILLE and Hupr, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1850, p. 644, pl. XVI, 
fig. 2.—*Hupr, Moll. Nouvy., III, 1857, p. 88, pl. xvii, fig. 2.—*H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—CLrssi1n, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1876, p. 
291, pl. LXxuI, fig. 2.—* Pa: TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) solidula LEA, Syn., 1852, p.53; 1870, p. 88. 

* Anodon solidula SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1869, pl. x x11, fig. 91. 

t* Anodonta wheatleyi Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., X, 1852, p. 287, pl. xxvi, fig. 49; 
*Obs., V, 1852, p. 48, pl. xx v1, fig. 49.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 
1857, p.503.—* CLEssSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 113, pl. XxxvVI, figs. 3, 4.— 
*PaTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 186. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) wheatleyi LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 82. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 929 


* Anodon amethystus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. xxrv, figs. 95, 95a, 95b.! 
* Anodonta amethysta CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 180, pl. Lx, fig. 3. 
* Anodon dactylus SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x1x, fig. 75. 
’ * Anodonta dactylus CLESSIN, Conch. Cab., 1875, p. 175, pl. Lvu, fig. 3.—P TEL, 
Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 178. 
Margaron (Anodonta) dactylus Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 80. 


GLABARIS LINGULATUS Hupe. 


* Anodonta lingulata Hupn, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 89.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab. 
Ano., 1875, p. 215, pl. Lx v1, ig. 3.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181. 

* Anodon lingulata SOwERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1869, pl. x x11, fig. 90. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) lingulata Lra, Syn., 1870, p. 79. 

* Glabaris lingulata VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat.,1893, p. 119. 


Paraguay. 
t{GLABARIS MORTONIANUS Lea. 


* Anodonta mortoniana LEA,Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V,1834, p. 80,pl. x11, fig. 37; *Obs., I, 
1834, p. 192, pl. x1, fig. 37.—* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p.219.—*H. and A. 
ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 502.—* CLessin, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, 
p. 151, pl. xiv, figs. 5, 6.—* Pa Tex, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 182. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) mortoniana LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 30. 

= Anodon mortoniana CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) mortoniana LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 150; 1800, p. 80. 


Parana River, South America. 
GLABARIS LONGINUS Spix. 


* Anodon longinus SPix, Test. Fluy. Bras, 1827, p. 29, pl. xx, fig 1. 

* Mycetopus longinus CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 202.—* FiscHmER, J]. de 
Conch., XXX VIII, 1890, p. 8. 

* Tridina longina LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 57. 

* Anodonta longina KusTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* Parr, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 181. 


Brazil; Amazon. 
GLABARIS LEOTANDI Guppy.’ 


* Anodonta leotandi Guppy, Ann. and Mag., XIV, 1864, p. 243;* XVII, 1866, p.54; 
Pr. Sci. Assn. Trinidad, 1872, p. —; “Jl. Conch., VII, 1894, p. 229. 

«Anodonta leotandi B. H. Wricut, Check List, 1888. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) leotandi La, Syn., 1870, p. 83. 


Trinidad Island, West Indies. 
Section STYGANODON von Martens, 1900, 
(Type, Anodonta tenebricosa Lea. ) 


Shell subrhomboid, with a thick, dark, rather rough, sombre-colored 
epidermis, which is sometimes faintly rayed, nacre lurid, shaded green; 
animal unknown. 


(Group of Glabaris tenebricosus.) 


Shell elongate, slightly inflated; base incurved. 


1 Changed to wheatleyi Lea, by Sowerby in index. 
21 am not certain where this groups, as I have never seen the sheil, and it has not 
been figured. 
Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 


o9 


930 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+GLABARIS TENEBRICOSUS Lea. 


* Anodonta tenebricosa Lea, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., V, 1834, p. 78, pl. xu, fig. 36; 
“Obs., I, 1834, p. 190, pl. x11, fig. 36.—* D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 39.— 
* HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 224.—* p’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p.616.— 
“Hanley, Biv. Shells, 1856, p. 224.—* H. and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll., II, 
1857, p.503.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, p. 146, fig. 720.—* vON MARTENS, Mal. BL., 
XV, 1868, p. 200.—* Pa TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) tenebricosa LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 54; 1838, p. 32. 

= Anodon tenebricosa CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 68.—* SowERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x11, fig. 43. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) tenebricosa LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 53; 1870, p. 83. 

* Glabaris tenebricosa VON JHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 61. 

* Anodon tenebricosus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. Xxx1, fig. 123. 


Brazil, Ecuador, Peru; south to Argentina. 
GLABARIS PASTASANUS Clessin. 


* Anodonta pastasana CLESSIN, Mal. BI. (2), I, 1879, p. 173, pl. x1, fig. 1. 


Rio Pastasa, Ecuador.' 
+GLABARIS SOLENIFORMIS d’Orbigny. 


* Anodonta soleniformis D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p.41; * Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, 
p. 617, pl. Lxxiv, figs. 1,3.—* H. and A. ApAms, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 
503.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1873, p. 111, pl. xxvu, fig. 1.—* PHTEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 185. 

*Margarita (Anodonta) soleniformis LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 32. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) soleniformis LEA, Syn., 1852, p.53; 1870, p. 83. 

*Glabaris soleniformis VON IHERING, Arch. fiir. Nat., 1893, p. 59. 

* Anodon solenidea SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. x vu, fig. 65. 

*Margaron (Anodonta) solenidea LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 83. 


Brazil, south into Argentina. 
+ GLABARIS CLESSINI Fischer. 


* Mycetopus plicatus CLESSIN, Mal. Bl., V, 1882, p. 190, pl. 1v, fig. 7. 

* P#TeL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187. 

* Mycetopus clessini, FISCHER,? Jl. de Conch., XXXVIII, 1890, p. 8, foutuote. 
* Glabaris nehringi VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 1893, p. 60. 


Southern Brazil; southward into Argentina. 
GLABARIS BAMBOUSEARUM Morelet. 


* Anodon bambousearum MORELEY, Test. Nov., II, 1851, p. 24.—* FiscHER and 
CROSSE, Miss. Sci., Pt. 7, II, 1894, p. 527, pl. LXI11, figs. 6, 6a. 


- Palenque in Chiapas, Mexico. 


! Probably only a variety of tenebricosus. 

2 Fischer changed the name plicatus to clessini because the former name had been 
used by Sowerby for a species which he (Sowerby) placed in Mycetopus. Sowerby’s 
shell is a Mutela, and that of Clessin a Glabaris of the Tenebricosus group. Von 
Ihering applied the name nehringi to the above after Fischer had changed it, and 
was evidently not aware that the French savant had given it a new name. 


No. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 931 


+GLABARIS SCHROTERIANUS Lea. 


* Anodonta schréteriana LEA, Tr. Am. Phil. Soc., XI, 1852, p. 292, pl. xxix, fig. 553 
*Obs., V, 1852, p. 48, pl. XXxIX, fig.55.—* HuPk, Moll. Nouv., III, 1857, p. 89, pl. 
XV, fig. 3.—* H.and A. Apams, Gen. Ree. Moll, II, 1857, p.503.—* CLEssin, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1874, p. 151, pl. XLVU, figs. 5, 6.—* Pa TEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 
1890, p. 184. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) schréteriana LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 82. 

* Anodon schriteriana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1868, pl. xx, fig. 74. 

* Margaritana schréteriana P&TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 173. 


Amazon drainage. 
(Group of Glabaris obtusus.) 


Shell short, inflated, thin, feebly rayed, rays often broken; base rather 


full. 
+GLABARIS OBTUSUS Spix. 


* Anodon obtusus Sprx, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 30, pl. xx, fig. 3. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) obtusa LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 52; 1838, p. 31. 

* Anodonta obtusa HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 221; Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 221.— 
*PoTirzZ and MICHAUD, Gall. Moll., 1844, p. 144, pl. Lv, fig. 3.—* KustrEr, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 8, pl. 1, figs. 3, 4.—*H.and A. ApAMs, Gen. Rec. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 504.—* MusGrave, Phot. Conch., 1863, pl. 1, fig. 7.—* CLEs- 
stn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 170, pl. Lv1, figs. 1, 2.—* P#TEL, Conch. Sam., 
ILI, 1890, p. 182. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) obtusa LEA, Syn., 1852, p.51; 1870, p. 82. 

* Anodon obtusa CATLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 67.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVII, 1867, pl. x11, fig. 39. 

* Anodonta VALENCIENNES, Coq. Mar. Biv., 18272, pl. xLv1i1, figs. 3a, 30.! 


Brazil; Paraguay. 
+GLABARIS LITURATUS Spix. 
* Anodon obtusus vat. b. lituratum Spix, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 30, pl. XXII, fig. 4. 
* Anodonta litturata Hur®, Moll. Nouv., 1857, p. 87, pl. xvu, fig. 4.° 
* Anodon liturata SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1868, pl. Xx, fig. 78. 
Brazil. 
Section VIRGULA Simpson, 1900. 
(Type, Glabaris ensiformis Spix.) 

Shell subsolid to solid, moderately inflated, greatly elongated, straight 
or faleate, rounded in front, sharply pointed at the posterior base, 
where the high, sharply defined posterior ridge ends and above which 
it is somewhat obliquely truncated; beaks not high; epidermis green 
to olive; nacre brilliant, bluish or purplish, iridescent, rayed with very 
fine, indistinct ridges; posterior end with a slight sinus. 

Animal unknown. 


‘Valenciennes gives no name or description with the above, but the figure is, no 
doubt, G. obtusa. 

2Hupe is certain that this is different from obtusus, and says that the small angular 
marks on its surface are very distinct; that it is thinner and less inflated. I doubt 
whether it is more than a variety of obtusus. 


932 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


+t GLABARIS ENSIFORMIS Spix. 


* Anodon ensiformis Spix, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 31, pl. xx1v, figs. 1, 2.— 
*CaTLOW and REEVE, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 66.—* SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., 
XVII, 1867, pl. x1, fig. 31. 

* Tridina ensiformis LEA, Syn., 1836, p. 57. 

* Anodonta ensiformis HANLEY, Test. Moll., 1842, p. 223; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 
223.—* D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 618, pl. LX xx, fig. 10.—* Kus- 
TER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 8, pl. 1, fig. 12.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Ree. 
Moll., II, 1857, p. 503.—*? CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 146, fig. 721.—* PaTEL, 
Conch. Sam., Lil, 1890, p. 179. 

* Margarita (Anodonta) ensiformis LHA, Syn., 1838, p. 32. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) ensiformis LEA, Syn., 1852, p. 51; 1870, p. 82. 


Tropical South America.! 
+t GLABARIS FALSUS Simpson.? 
Yuruari River, a branch of the Orinoco. 


+GLABARIS LEGUMEN von Martens. 


* Anodonta legumen VON MARTENS, S. B, Nat. Fr., 1888, p. 65. ’ 
Southern Brazil. 
The following are unfigured or indeterminate species of Glabaris. 

*Anodon brevis SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVII, 1870, pl. Xxx1, fig. 124. 
La Plata, South America.’ 

* Anodon porcifer GRAY, Pr. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1834, p. 58. 
Paraguay. 

*Unio (Anodontes) spixii D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 39.4 
Brazil. 

* Anodon cheeziana SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., X VII, 1867, pl. xv, fig. 52. 
Probably a Glabaris. 

* Anodonta nicaragua PuiLirPl, Zeits. fiir Mal., V, 1848, p. 130. 
Nicaragua. 


‘The three very peculiar species of this section seem to show relationship with G. 
wheatleyt and G. clessini. 

2 Shell elongated, rather thin, subrhomboid and pointed at the posterior base, 
slightly rayed on the low, rounded posterior ridge; beaks low; epidermis olive 
green, somewhat cloth-like; hinge line nearly straight; anterior scars deep; 
escutcheon small, dark; nacre shaded bluish and greenish, lurid purplish in the 
center, iridescent behind. Length, 76 mm.; height, 21 mm.; diameter, 11 mm. 
This was supposed by Dr. Lea to be ensiformis and I thought it was that until a 
more careful examination convinced me of its distinctness. It is a smaller, thinner, 
more rhomboid sheil, and has a somewhat cloth-like epidermis, while that of ensi- 
formis is smooth. I regret that I can not figure this species, and that I must describe 
it in a footnote, but I only discovered that it was a distinct species as the Synopsis. 
was about ready for the press. 

3T can not tell what thisis. If itis a true Glabaris, it would be the type of a 
group perhaps near G. tenebricosus. 

+D’Orbigny refexs to figures in Spix, but his references are badly mixed up. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 933 


* Anodonta aperta RAFINESQUE, Ati. J1., No. 4, 1852, p. 154, 
Parana River, South America. 

* Anodonta atrovireus PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mal., V, 1848, p. 130. 

* Anodonta carinata DUNKER, Mal. Bl.. V, 1858, p. 225. 
Colombia. 

* Anodonta cornea PHILIPPI, Zeits. fiir Mal., V, 1848, p. 180. 
Nicaragua. 

* Anodonta giullaint H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., I, 1857, p.502. Credited to 

Recluz. 

* Anodonta paphos RAFINESQUE, Ati. Jl. and Friend., 1832, p. 134. 
Parana River. 

* Anodon pictus SWAINSON, Ex. Conch., 2d ed., 1841, p. 39. 

* Anodonta wallisi Mousson, Mal. BI., XVI, 1869, p. 188. 

* Anodonta tehuantepecensis FISCHER and CROSSE, Miss. Sci., 1894, p. 526. 
Tehuantepec. Not yet figured. 

* Anodonta hertwigi VON IHERING. 
Where? 

* Anodonta bergi VON IHERING. 


Where? 


Genus MYCETOPODA dQ Orbigny, 18385.! 
(Type, Mycetopoda soleniformis VOrbigny. ) 


Mycetopoda D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., No. 62, 1835, p. 41. 
Mycetopus D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1847, p. 600. 


Shell thin, elongated, truncate above behind, with a low, posterior 
ridge and rather flat, smooth or slightly concentrically wrinkled beaks; 
epidermis smooth, shining, pale greenish-yellow or brownish, rayless; 
hinge line long, straight, edentulous orshowing faint traces of denticles, 
under a glass, beneath the nacre; nacre soft, bluish-white and irides- 
cent; muscular impressions faint, irregular, the smaller anterior scar 
above the larger one; beak cavities shallow. 

Animal having very long gills, the inner much the larger, united to 
the abdominal sac throughout their whole length; palpi large, round 
below, projecting very slightly behind and attached along the whole 
length of the straight upper border; mantle very thin, slightly thick- 
ened at the edges; branchial opening closed below into a short papillose 
Siphon, and separated from the nearly smooth anal opening by a strong 
bridge; superanal opening not closed below; foot very long, developed 
at the lower end into a sort of head or button. 


‘So named by its author in the Guerin Magazine, but afterwards changed by him 
to Mycetopus in the Voyage Amerique Meridionale. The genus has been made the 
type of a separate family by Gill, and was so acknowledged by Pelseneer and. others, 
but it does not seem to me to be separable from the Mutelidw. Certain shells under 
favorable light show slight dentilations along the hinge line, which are, no doubt, 
vestigial taxodont teeth common to the family; the labial palpi and anal bridge are 
decidedly mutelid in character, and the great development of the foot is paralleled 
in Solenaia, Lastena, and to some extent by Gonidea among the Unionidae. 


934 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL, XXII. 


(Group of Mycetopoda siliquosa.) 


Beaks in front of the center of the shell; anterior end evenly rounded; 
basal lines nearly straight; posterior ridge quite low. Animal with 
the characters of the genus. 


+MYCETOPODA SILIQUOSA Spix. 


* 4nodon siliquosus Sp1x, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 30, pl. XX1H, fig. 2. 

* Mycetopoda siliquosus bD’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 41. 

* Mycetopus siliquosus D’ORBIGNY, Voy.Am. Mer., 1843, p,601, pl.Lxvu.—* HANLEY, 
Test. Moll.,1842,p.224; * Biv. Shells, 1843,p.224.—*CatTLow and REEv#,Conch. 
Nom., 1845, p. 69.—*H. and A. ApAms, Gen, Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 505; 111, 
pl. cxvinl, fig. 1.—* SowmrRBy, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 1, fig. 2; m1, fig. 
2a.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 200. pl. LXvul, figs. 2-4; LXIX, fig. 
1.—*P#tTEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187.—* von IHERING, Arch. fiir Nat., 
1893, p. 56. 

* Plativis (Mycetopus) siliquosus LEA, Syn., 1852, p.56; 1870, p. 90. 

* Platiris (Iridina) siliquosa LEA, Syn., 1836, p.56; 1838, p. 34. 

* Anodonta siliquosa KUSTER, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1853, p. 35, pl. VII, fig.3. 

* Mycetopoda siliquosa CHENU, Ill. Conch., 1858, pl. 1, figs. 2, 2a, 20, 2c. 


Bolivia, Brazil; south into Argentina. 
*MYCETOPODA OCCIDENTALIS Clessin.! 


Mycetopoda Occidentalis CLEssIN, Mal. Bl. I, 1879, p. 174, pl. x1, figs. 2, 3.— 
*PxTEL, Conch. Sam., ITI, 1890, p. 187.—* FiscuEr, Jl. de Conch., XXXVIII, 
1890, p.8. 


Heuador. 
; MYCETOPODA STAUDINGERI von Thering.? 
* Mycetopus staudingeri VON IHERING, Arch. fiir Naturg., 1890, p. 131, figs. A, B. 
Upper Amazon in Ecuador and Peru. 
MYCETOPODA SUBSINUATA Sowerby. 


* Mycetopus subsinuatus SowERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. Iv, fig. 10.—* CLEs- 
stn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 205, pl. Lxvul, fig. 3.—* ParEL, Conch. Sam., 
III, 1890, p. 187.—* FiscHER, Jl. de Conch,, XX XVIII, 1890, p. 8. 


Bogota; Colombia; Equador. 
+MYCETOPODA PYGMZEA Spix. 


* Anodon siliquosus var. b pygmeun Sprix, Test. Fluv. Bras., 1827, p. 30, pl. XXIII, 
figs. 3, 4. 

~ Mycetopus pygmeus SOWERBY, Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 11, fig. 4. —* CLESSIN, 
Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 205, pl. LXXx, fig. 3.—* P&TEL, Conch. Sam., 1890, 
p. 197.—* FIscHER, Jl. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 8. 

* Platiris (Mycetopus) pygmeus LEA, Syn., 1870, p. 90. 

t Mycetopus weddellii Hurt, Moll. Nouvy., III, 1857, pl. xx, fig. 2.—* SOWERBY, 
Conch. Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 11, fig. 5.—* CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 


1 Probably a wide variety of M. siliquosus. 

2T have never seen this species, and the author only gives two rough interior out- 
line figures, but its form is somuch like that of siliquosus that I somewhat doubt its 
specific value. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 935 


203, pl. LXvI, fig. 6.—* FiscHER, J]. de Conch., XX XVIII, 1890, p. 8.—* Px- 
TEL, Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187. 


Brazil; northward to Nicaragua. 
MYCETOPODA HUPEANA Clessin. 


* Mycetopus pygmeus HuPE, Moll. Nouv., IIT, 1857, p. 98, pl. x1x, fig. 2. 
* Mycetopus hupeanus CLESSIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 206, pl. LXV1, fig. 15.— 
* FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXX VIII, 1890, p.8. 


Brazil. 
(Group of Mycetopoda ventricosa.) 


Shell rather short and high, inequilateral subrhomboid with a strong 
angle at the anterior upper point, cut away below in front, slightly 
sinuous on the base, narrower behind, strongly truncate on posterior 
slope; posterior ridge wide and lightly curved, hinge line curved. 

Animal unknown. 


tMYCETOPODA VENTRICOSA d’Orbigny. 


* Mycetopoda ventricosa D’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. Mer., 1843, p. 602, pl. LX X11, figs. 1-3.— 
*H. and A. Apams, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 505.—* SowErby, Conch. 
Icon., XVI, 1868, pl. 111, fig. 8.—* CLEssIN, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 202, pl. 
LX1X, figs. 2, 3.—* FiscHER, Jl. de Conch., XXX VIII, 1890, p. 8.—* P&TEL, 
Conch. Sam., III, 1890, p. 187. 

* Platiris (Mycetopus) ventricosus Lea, Syn., 1852, p. 56; 1870, p. 90. 


Bolivia. 
(Group of Mycetopoda soleniformis.) 


Shell large, rounded in front, but somewhat truncated on the lower 
anterior part; base line evenly incurved; posterior ridge well devel- 
oped, curved, truncate on posterior slope; beaks central. 

Animal that of the genus. 


t+MYCETOPODA SOLENIFORMIS d’Orbigny. 


* Mycetopoda soleniformis D’ORBIGNY, Guer. Mag., 1835, p. 41.—*CnEnu, III. 
Conch., 1858, pl. 1, figs. 1, la, 10. 

* Platiris (Mycetopus) soleniformis LEA, Syn., 1838, p. 34; 1852, p. 56; 1870, p. 90. 

* Mycetopus soleniformis REEVE, Conch. Syst., I, 1841, p. 125, pl. xc1v.—* HaNLEy, 
Test. Moll., 1842, p. 224; * Biv. Shells, 1843, p. 224.—* p’ORBIGNY, Voy. Am. 
Mer., 1843, p. 601, pl. Lxv1.'—* CaTLtow and RrEve, Conch. Nom., 1845, p. 
69.—* H. and A. ADAMS, Gen. Rec. Moll., II, 1857, p. 505; III pl. cxvuu, 
figs. 2a, 2b.—* CHENU, Man., 1859, II, p. 147, fig. 725.—* ReEve, Elements of 
Conch., II, 1860, pl. xxxu, fig. 18la, 6.—*SowxrBy, Conch. Icon., XVI,. 
1868, pl. 1, fig. 1.—* CLEssIn, Conch. Cab. Ano., 1875, p. 201, pl. EXviil, fig. 1.— 
“FISCHER, Jl. de Conch., XXX VIII, 1890, p. 7.—* Pa TEx, Conch. Sam., III, 
1890, p. 187. 

* Mycetopus solenoides SOWERBY, Conch. Man., 1839, fig. 151. 

* Margaron (Anodonta) soleniformis La, Syn., 1852, p. 53. 

* Platiris (Mycetopus) soleniformis Lea, Syn., 1870, p. 90. 


Bolivia; Peru. 


11843 was the date of issue of the last part of the voyage. The aasonhition of 
Mycetopus in this work appeared earlier. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY. 


It is not claimed that the following bibliography is complete or in 


all respects accurate. 
prefixed with an *. 


Such titles as have been seen by the writer are 
On account of its great length it has been thought 


best to make considerable abbreviations. 


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Published separately under the 
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936 


i} 


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* 


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Les Unios de la Gi- 


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*—— Descriptions of Indian and Burmese 

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BeTTA, EDUARDODE. Intorno agli Studi 
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*___ Verzeichniss der Mollusken und 
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——-Systematisches Verzeichniss der 
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VII, 1858, pp. 301- 


x 


NO. 1205. 


SYNOPSIS Of THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 


941 


*BLAINVILLE, HENRI-MARIE DUCROTAY 
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53 Rapport fait ’ ’ Académie des Sci- 
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Ann. des Sci. Nat., XIV, 1828, pp. 
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*___ Rapport de M. de Blainville sar un 
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Ann. des. Sci. Nat., IV, 1835, pp. 
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*BLANCHARD, EMILE. Observations sur 
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Ann. des Sci. Nat., II, 1845, pp. 
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*BLAND, THOMAS. Note sur ]’érosion des 
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*BLANFORD, WILLIAM T. Contributions 
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Jour. Asiat. Soc. Beng., XX XV, 1867, 
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*___ Descriptions of New Land and 
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Proc. Zool. Soc., 1869, pp. 444-450. 


— Land, Fresh-water, and Estuarine 
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Brit. Burma Gazetteer, I, 1880, pp. 
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-——[Estimate of the number of bivalve 
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Rep. Brit. Assn. Adv. Sci., 1881, pp. 
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*Broxam, A. [Land and Fresh-water 
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Pearly Matter in Fresh-water Mus- 
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*BOETTGER, Oskar. Armenische und 
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Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., VII, 1880, 
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*___ Sechstes Verzeichniss trans-kau- 
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Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., VIII, 1881, 
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Beitriige zur Herpetologie und Ma- 
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Ber. d. Senck. naturf. Ges., 1886, 
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ss Malakologische Ergebnische 
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Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal.Ges., XIII, 1886, 
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—— [Cf. Stussiner] Auf Zihlung der in 
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Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., XIII, 1886, 
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*____ Ad. Strubell’s Konchylien aus Java. 
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*____ Zur Mollusken-Fauna russisehen 
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Nach. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1890, pp. 
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*___ Die Verhaltnisszahlen der Haupt- 
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Nach. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1893, pp. 
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~*_— Apercn sur les Unionidie de la Pé- 
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*—__ Mollusques fluviatiles du Nyanza 
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*____ Especes nouvelles et genres nou- 
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*___ Mollusques Terrestres et Fluviatiles 
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*____ Notice prodromique sur les Mol- 
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*-_— Monographie d’ un nouveau genre 
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*—__ Unionide et Iridinide 
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Verh. d. Phys.-Med. Ges. Wurz. N. T., 
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Nach. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1883, pp. 
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—— Beitriige zur Kentniss der Fauna 
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Arch. Nat. Liv. 2d ser., IX, 1884, 
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*____ Contributions to a Knowledge of 
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Bull. Soc. Mal. France, 11, 1885, pp. 
165-174. 
CHARPENTIER. JEANG. F. DE. Catalogue 


Principles of | 


d | 


Unionidee | 


Popular Conchology, | 


des Mollusquesterrestres et fluviatiles - 
de la Suisse. 
Neue Denkschr. Allg. Schweiz. Ges. I, 
1837. 
| Separate. 
| Cuatin, M.J. Sur la différenctiation du 
protoplasme dans les fibres nerveuses 
des Unionides. 

Comp. Rend.,X Cry, 1882,p.1723-1726. 
| *CHEMNITZ, JOHANN HIERONYMUS. Neues 
systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet, 
1769-1795, 11 vols.; plates. 
| *CHENU, J.C. Tlustrations Conchyliolo- 
giques, ou description et figures de 
toutes les coquilles connues vivantes 
et fossiles, etc., 4 vols., colored plates, 
and some text, 1843-1850? Not fin- 
ished. A large number of plates ap- 
peared without accompanying text. 
Only a few species were described. 
| * Bibliothéque Conchyliologique, in 

two series, 1845-1855. 
lesb Manuel de Conchyliologie et de 
Paléontologie Conchylologique, 2 
vols., 1859-1862, pp. 835; figures. 


| CHERRES, COLLARD DEs. Catalogue des 
| Testacés terrestres et fluviatiles des 
environs de Brest et de Quimper 
| (Finistere). 
| Act. Soc. Linn. Bord., 1V, 1830, p. 91. 
Separate. 

CHICKERING, J. W., Jr. List of Marine, 
Fresh-water, and Land Shells found 
in the vicinity of Portland, Maine. 
[1855 or 1856?] 

CHILDREN, J. G. 
marck’s Genera. 

Brands Journal, XV, 1823. 
*Curisty, R.M. Notes on the Land and 
Fresh-water Mollusca of Manitoba. 
Jour: of  Conch.,. IV, 1855) pip: 
339-349. 
*CLapr, GEORGE H. Mollusca of Alle- 
gheny County, Pennsylvania. 
Nautilus, VIII, 1895, p. 116. 


Translation of lLa- 


SYNOPSIS OF THE 


NO. 1205. 


NATADES—SIMPSON. 947 


*CLEsSIN, 8S. Die Molluskenfauna des 
Starnberger Sees. 
Mal. Blatt., XIX, 1872, pp. 109-125. 
—— Studien iiber die deutschen Species 
des Genus Anodonta, Cuvier. 


Correspbl. d. Zool.-Min. Ver. Reg., | 


XXVI, 1872, pp. 82-90, 97-104. 
—— Beitrag zur Molluskenfauna der 
oberbayrischen Seen. 
Correspbl.d. Zool.- Min. Ver. Regensb., 
XXVII, 1873, pp. 56-179. 


*—— Die Genera der recenter Siiss wasser- 
Bivalven. 
M. T, Ver. Reich, 1874. Separate. 
*—— Anodonta complanata Z. 
Nach. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1874, pp. 
85, 86. 
*—_ Die Jahresringe der Siisswasser-Bi- 
valven. 
Nach. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1874, pp. 
25-29, 


y 


-— Die Familie der Najaden. 
Mal. Blatt, XXII, 1874, pp. 1-29, 


1 plate. 
= Deutsche Excursions-Mollusken- 
Faunen, Niirnberg, 1876, pp. 581, figs. 
*——_ Unionen aus dem mittleren Russ- 
land. 


Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., VII, 1880, 
pp. 79-82. 
*——— Neue Arten. 
Mal. Blatt, 1882, pp. 187-193, pl. 1v. 
*—— Anodonta Iheringi, new species. 
Mal. Blatt, 1882, p. 193, pl.iv. 
*—— Die Molluskfaunen Oesterreich- 
Ungarns der Schweiz, 1887, 320 pp., 
figs. 


Mal. Blatt, X, 1888, pp. 165-174. 


—— Studien iiber die deutschen Species | 


des Genus Anodonta. 
Corres. Blatt. Ver. Regensb., XXXVI, 
1872, pp. 82-97. 


CLOQUET, J., and MOQUIN-TANDON, M. | 
Observations sur les perles des Bi- | 


valves @’ eau douce. 

Bull. Soc. Imp. Zool. W@ Acclimat., V, 
1858, pp. 452-461. 
COCKERELL, T.D.A. The British Nat- 

uralist’s Catalogue of the Land and 


Fresh-water Mollusca of the British | 


Isles, etc., 1890, pp. 19. 
COLENSO, W. 
Tasm. Jl. Nat. Sci., 11, 1841, p. —. 


— Binnenmollusken aus Siid Brazilien. | 


5 . ° | 
[Unio waikarensisn. sp.] | 


“COLENSO, W. Description of two little- 
known species of New Zealand Shells. 
Trans. New Zealand Inst., XIV, 

1882, pp. 168, 169. 

COLLINGE, W.E. The Land and Fresh- 
water Mollusca of Ingleton Clapham 
and District. 

Naturalist, 1890, pp. 109-114. 

—— Note on a Tumour in Anodonta 
Cygnea. 

Jour. Anat. Phys., XXV, 1890, p. 154. 

“—— The Land and Fresh-water Mol- 

| lusea of Oxfordshire. 

Conchologist, 1891, pp. 11-14, 19-23, 
39-44, 51-53. 

COMPANYO and Massor, PavL. De- 
scription d’ une nouvelle espece de 
Mulette. 

Bull. Soc. Agr. Sc. Pyr. Or., VI, 2845, 
p. 234, fig. 2. 

*Conrab, TrmotHy A. Description of 
Some New Species of Fresh-water 
Shells from Alabama, Tennessee, ete. 

Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, XXV, 1834, 
pp. 338-343, 1 plate. 

*—__ New Fresh-water Shells of the 
Uimitedi Statess sy" Also; a: 
Synopsis of the American Naiades, 

1834, pp. 73. 8 colored plates. 

| *— Description of a new 

Fresh-water Shells. 

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 

1834, pp. 178-180. 

to 


genus of 


— Appendix new Fresh-water 


Shells, 1 
Monography of the Family Union- 
idve or Naiades of Lamarck. Colored 
plates, I, 1835; II-VII, 1836; VIII, 
DXC ISS OX XO SSS Se NOU NCEE 10 


OO- 


S00. 


date. 
*—— Descriptions of three new species 
| of Unio. 
roe. Acad. Nat. Sct. Phila, V 
1841, pp. 19, 20. 
*___ Descriptions of three new species 


of Unios from the rivers of the 
United States. 
| Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VIII, 
1842, pp. 178-180. 
| *— Observations on the Geology of a 
part of East Florida, with a Catalogue 
i of Recent Shells of the Coast. 

Am. Jour. Sci.and Arts, II, 1846, pp- 
36-45. 


| 


948 
*ConRAD, TimotTHy A. Notices of Fresh- 
water Shells, ete., of Rockbridge 

County, Virginia. 
Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, I, 1846.p.407. 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


*____ Descriptions of New Fresh-water 
Shells. 
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1V, 
1849, pp. 300-303. 
2 Descriptions of New Fresh-water— 


and Marine Shells. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1V, 1849, 
pp. 152-155; Ann. Nat. Hist., 1V, 1849, 
p. 300. 

*____Deseriptions of New Species of 
Fresh-water Shells. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V, 1850, 
pp. LO, 11. 

2 Descriptions of New Fresh-water 
and Marine Shells. 

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1850, 
pp. 275-278, 2 plates. 

*—— Notes on Shells, with Descriptions 
of New Species. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila, V1, 
1852, pp. 199, 200. 

a A Synopsis of the Family of Naiades 
of North America, with Notes, and a 
Table of some of the genera and sub- 
genera of the Family. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V1, 
1853, pp. 243-269. 

+ Omissions and Corrections to the 

Synopsis of North American Naiades. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., V1, 
1853, p. 449. 

*. Notes on Shells, with Descriptions 

ofthree Recent and one Fossil Species. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, 
1854, p. 32. 

*___ Descriptions of New Species of Unio. 
Unio. 

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, 
pp. 295-298, 2 plates. 

*__ Descriptions of three New Species 
of Unio. 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VII, | 


1855, p. 256. . 


*___ On a New Species of Unio, and 


Remarks on Unio viridis. 
Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, X XI, 1856, 
p. 172. 
*___ Descriptions of two New Genera of 
Shells. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, 
pp. 165, 166. 


VOL, XXII. 


*CoNRAD, TIMOTHY A. Remarks on the 
genera Monocondylea @Orb., and 
Pseudodon Gould, with a synopsis of 
the latter. 

Amer. Jour. Conch., 1, 1865, pp. 232, 
233. 

*____ Description ofa New Genus of Unio- 
nid. 

Amer. Jour. Conch., 1, 1865, p. 234. 


i Description of a New Species of 
Pseudodon. 
Amer. Jour. Conch., I, 1865, p. 352, 
fig. 2. 
*___ Description of a New Species of 
Unio. 
Am. Jour. Conch., II, 1866, p. 107. 
*—__ Observations on Pleiodon Mac- 
murtrii. 
Am. Jour. Conch., ILI, 1867, p.4. 
* Notes on Recent and Fossil Shells, 
with Descriptions of New Genera. 
Am. Jour. Conch., IV, 1868, p. 246-, 
249, 
*___ Description of anew Unio and fossil 
Goniobasis. 
Am. Jour. Conch., IV, 1868, p. 280. 
*__ Notes on Recent Mollusca. 


Am. Jour. Conch., V, 1869, pp. 104— 
108. 

*CookE, A. H. On the Geographical 
Distribution of the Land and Fresh- 
water Mollusca of the Malagasy 
Region. 

Conchologist, II, 1893, pp. 131-139. 

*——_ Molluses. 

In The Cambridge Natural History, 
III, 1895, pp. 535, figures and maps. 

CoorER, D. A List of Land and Fresh- 
water Shells of the Environs of Lon- 
don. 1836. Extract from Flora Met- 
ropolitana. 

CoopPER,J.G. Geographical Catalogue 
of the Mollusca found west of the 
Rocky Mountains between latitude 
33° and 49° north. 1867. 

—— Catalogue of Mollusks. 

Geol. Survey of California, 1867. 

*___ Notes on the Fauna of the Upper 
Missouri. 

Am. Naturalist, 111,1870, pp.294-299. 

*____ [Fresh-water Mollusks of the Mis- 
souri River. | 

Am. Naturalist, I11, 1870, pp. 405- 
422. 


NO 1205. 


SYNOPSIS OF THE NA TADES—SIMPSON. 


949 


*CoopER, J.G. The Sylva of Montana, 
1870. 
s Fresh-water Mollusca of San Fran- 
cisco County. 
Zoe, I, 1890, pp. 196, 197. 


*____ On some Pliocene Fresh- water Fos- 
sils of California. 
Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 1V, 1894, pp. 
166-172, pl. xIx. 


*COOPER, WILLIAM. List of Shells col- 
lected by Mr. Schooleraft in the 


Western and Northwestern Terri- 
tory. 
Appendix No. 2 to Narrative of an 


Expedition to the Sources of the 
Mississippi River in 1820. Resumed 
and completed by the discovery of 
its origin in Lake Itasca. Narrative 
by Henry Schoolcraft, 1855, pp. 515— 
518. 

*—__ Report upon Mollusca collected by 
the Survey. Survey of Minnesota, 
Nebraska, etc., 1859, p. 381. 

Pacific Railroad Survey, X11, Pt. II, 
Rep. on Nat. Hist., etc., 1859, pp. 369- 
386. 

Costa, EMMANUEL MENDES DA. Ele- 
ments of Conchology, or Introduc- 
tion to the Knowledge of Shells, 
1776, 7 plates. 

*__ Historia Naturalis Testaceorumn 
Britannie, or The British Conchol- 
ogy, etc., 1778, 17 colored plates; 2d. 
ed., 1780. © 

*Costa, O. G. Catalogo Systematico e 
ragionato de Testacei delle due 
Sicilie, 1829, 2 plates. 

CoureEr, J. HAMILTON. Catalogue of 
the Recent Shells of Georgia. In ap- 
pendix to White's Statistics of Georgia. 
No date. [1849]. 

* CRAGIN, F. W. A New Species of Unio 
from Indian Territory. 

Bull. Washb. Coil. Lab., 1887, p. 6. 


*CRAVEN, A. E. Ona collection of land 
and fresh-water shells from the 
Transvaal and Orange Free State in 
South Africa, with descriptions of 
nine new species. 

Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880, pp. 614-618, 

pl. Lvu. 
CRISTOFORI, J. DE, and JAN, GEORGES. 
Catalogus in IV sectiones divisus ve- 


rum Naturalium in museo extantium 
Josephi de Cristofori et Georgii Jan., 
etc., 1832. 
*CrossE, H. [Remarks on Anodonta gou- 
getana, etc. ] 
Jour. de Conch., 1862, pp. 203, 204. 
—— [Remarks on the number of Lea’s 
Unionid.] 
Jour. de Conch., 1863, pp. 310-312. 


* 


*—— [On the Rectification of Mr. Con- 


rad’s Synopsis. ] 
Jour. de Conch., 1868, p. 372. 
*“—— Varietés. Ne Sutor ultra crepidam. 
Jour. de Conch., 1870, pp. 251-260. 
*—— Varietés. [Reviews of Conch. Icon., 
etc. | 
Jour. de Conch., 1870, pp. 251-260. 
Faune Malacologique du Lac Tan- 
ganyika. 
Jour. de Conch., XXIX, 1881, pp. 
105-139, pl. Iv. 
e Supplément 4 la Fauna Malacolo- 
gique du Lac Tanganyika. 
Jour. de Conch., 1881, pp. 277-306. 
*___ Note Complementaire sur l’Ano- 
donta. : 
Jour. de Conch., 1883, pp. 221, 222, 
pl. 1x, fig. 4. 


*___ Faune Malacologique, terrestre et 
fluviatile, de Vile de la Trinité. 
Jour. de Conch., 1890, pp. 35-65. 
*____ Faune Malacologique, terrestre et 
fluviatile, de Vile de Cuba. 
Jour. de Conch., 1890, pp. 173-335. 
*CrossE, H., and DEBEAUX, O. Notesur 
quelques espéces nouvelles ou peu 
connues du littoral de l’empire Chi- 
nois. 
Jour. de Conch., 1863, pp. 253-265. 
*Crossk, H., and FISCHER, PauL. Mol- 
lusques. Fluviatiles, recueillis au 
Camboge, par la mission scientifique 
francaise de 1873. 
Jour. de Conch., 1876, pp. 313-342, 


pl. x. 
*___ Nouvelles. 
Jour. de Conch., 1875, pp. 194-196. 
* Description Vune variété nouvelle 
@Anodonta, recueille par M. A. 


Forrer, dans l’Etat de Sinaloa. 
Jour. de Conch., 1883, pp. 219-221. 
*___. Diagnosis Molluscorum Republicx 
Mexicane et Guatemalie incolorum. 
Jour. de Conch., XL, 1892, p. 294. 


950 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL. XXII. 


*CrossE, H., and FiscHer, PauL. De- 
scription dun Bulimulus et d'un 
Anodonta nouveaux, provenant du 
Mexique. 

Jour. de Conch., 1893, pp. 31, 32. 

*__ Diagnosis Molluscorum novi, Re- 
publice Mexicane incole. 

Jour. de Conch., 1893, p. 179, 293-297. 

*CroucHu, Epmunp A. An Illustrated In- 
troduction to Lamarck’s Conchology, 
contained in his Histoire Naturelle 
des Animaux sans Vertebres, etc., 
1827. 22 colored lithographs. | 

CrowTurErR, Henry. Unio margariti- 
fer at Whitby, etc. 

Naturalist, 1V, 1878, p. 40. 

*CumiInG, HuGH. List of Mollusks from 
Formosa. 

Proc. Zool. Soc., 1865, pp. 196, 197. 
CurrizER, A. O. List of Shells collected 
in the Grand River Valley, 1859? 

3 Catalogue of the Mollusca of Grand 
Rapids, Michigan. 

Am. Jour. Conch., 1, 1865, pp. 292-296. 

2, Descriptions of New Species of 
Fresh-Water Shells of Michigan. 

Am. Jour. Conch., III, 1867, pp. 112, 
113, pl. vi. 

*___ List of the Shell-bearing Mollusks of 
Michigan, especially of Kent and ad- 
joining counties. 

Kent Sci. Inst., Grand Rapids, Mich., 
1868, pp. 12. 

CuVIER, GEorGES. Tableau élémen- 
taire de Vhistoire naturelle des ani- 
maux. Paris, 1798. 

7“ Le Réegne Animal, ete. Paris, 1817, 
4 vols.; 2d ed., 1829-30, 5 vols., 20 | 
plates; ed. with colored engravings, 
no date; Mollusks by G. P. Deshayes, 
1 vol. with atlas, 152 plates, ed. by 
Griffith, 1834. 

*DaALL, WiLLiAM H. Revision of the 
Classification of the Mollusca of Mas- 
sachusetts. | 

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. His., XIII, 
1870, pp. 240-257. 

+ On the hinge of Pelecy pods and it | 
development, with an attempttoward | 
a better subdivision of the group. 

Am. Jour. Sci. and Aris, XXXVIII, 


1889, pp. 445-462. 
*___ Diagnosis of New Mollusks from 
the Survey ef the Mexican Boundary. 
Proc. U. 8. Nat. Mus., XVIII, 1895, 
p. 1. : 


DAMBECK, CARL. Die Fluss-Perlenmus- 
chel. 
Natur. (Muller) new ser., V, 1879, 
pp. 171-175. 

“Dana, JAMES D. Manual of Geology. 
1 vol., chart, and figs., 1862. 2d ed., 
1874; 3d ed., 1880; 4th ed., 1895. 

* DANIEL, FELIX. Faune Malacologique 
terrestre, fluviatile et marine, des 
environs de Brest. 

Jour. de Conch., 1883, pp. 223-263, 
330-391; Supplement Jour. de Conch., 
1885, p. 96. 

*DARBYSHIRE, R. D. Anodon herculeus 
Gerstford ? 

Jour. of Conch., 1885, pp. 337, 338. 

*DAUTZENBERG, PHIL. Récoltes mala- 
cologiques de M. le Capitaine Em. 
Dorr, dans le Haut-Sénégal et le 
Soudan Frang¢ais de 1886 A 1889. 

Mém. Soc. Zool. de France, 11, 1889, 
pp. 123-136, 1 plate. 

Mollusques Recueillis au Congo par 

M. KE. Dupont, entre l’embouchure 

du fleuve et le confluent du Kassai. 
Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg., XX, 1890, 

pp. 366-379, plates. Separate. 

Description @une Mollusque nou- 
veau provenant du Congo-Franeais. 

Jour. de Conch., 1893, pp. 50, 51, 166, 
167, pl., VIII. 

DAVREUX, C. J., Constitution Géognos 
tique de Liege, Bruxelles, 1833. 
Dawson, G.M. Land and Fresh water 

Mollusca collected during the sum- 
mers of 1873-1874 in the vicinity of 
the Forty-ninth parallel—Lake of 
the Woods to the Rocky Mountains. 

Brit. North Am. Bdry. Com., Rep. on 
Geol., Montreal, 1875, pp. 347-350. 

Dawson, J. W. Note on the genus 
Naiadites as occurring in the coal 
formation of Nova Scotia; with an 
appendix by W. Hind. 

Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc., I, 1894, pp. 
435-442, 1 plate. 

*DEAN, GEORGE W._ Distribution of 
Unionide in the three rivers Maho- 
ning, Cuyahoga, and Tuscarawas. 

Nautiius, 1V, 1890, pp. 20-22. 

—— Onithe distinguishing characters of 

Unio radiatus and U. luteolus. 
Vautilus, V, 1891, pp. 77, 78. 

*—_ More about Unio luteolus and U. 
radiatus. 

Nautilus, V,1&92, pp. 112, 113. 


* 


* 


A ren Bo 


No. 1205. 


SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 


951 


“Dean, GEORGE W. Catalogue of the 
Shell-bearing Mollusca of Portage 
County, Ohio. 

lm. Naturalist, XX VI, 1892, pp. 11- 
23. 

DEBEAUX, O. Catalogue des Mollusques 
terrestres et fluviatiles du departe- 
ment de Lot-et-Garonne, 1844. 

Notice sur les Mollusques vivantes 
observés dans le nord de la Chine 
par M. Debeaux, ete. 

Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1862, pp. 214- 
222. 

*Dr BERGEN, CARLO AUGUSTO. Classes 
Conchyliorum auctore Caroli <Au- 
gusto De Bergen, 1760. 

*De Camp, WILLIAM H. List of Shell- 
bearing Mollusca of Michigan. 

Kent Sci. Inst., Grand Rapids, 1881, 
13 pp., 1 plate. 

DE HempE. Descriptio Anatomica My- 
tili. 

Act. Erud., Leipsic, 1684. 

Dr Kay, J. E. Catalogue of the Ani- 
mals belonging to the State of New 
York, ete. 

Assembly Document, No. 50, 1839, pp. 
12, 31-34. 


* 


*____ Natural History of New York, Pt. 5. 


Mollusea, 1843, pp. 271, 40 colored 
plates. 

*DELESSERT, BENJAMIN. Recueil des Co- 
quilles decrites par Lamarck, dans 
son Histoire naturelle des Animaux 
sans Vertébres et non encore figurées, 
1841, 40 folios, colored plates. 

*DENNANT, J. 
Unio from the River Glenelg. 


Proc. Roy. Soc. Victoria, X, Pt. 2, | 


1898, pp. 112, 113, pl.1v. 
*DESCHAMPS, EMILE. Description d’une 
nouvelle espece d’Unio. 


Bull. Soc. Zool. de France, XVII, | 


1892, pp. 68, 69, fig. 
*DesnareEs, G.P. Sur lridine, genre 
de Mollusques acéphales. 
Nouv. Bull. Scienc., Soe Phil., 1826, 
pp. 60, 61; Fer. Bull. Sci. Nat., IX, 
1826, pp. 248-250; XI, 1827, p. 447; 
Isis, 1832, p. 468. 
my Mémoire anatomique sur l’Iridine 
du Nil. 
Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris. 111,1827, 
pp. 1-16; Fer. Bull. Sci. Nat., XI, 1827, 
pp. 447-448 ; Irror. Not., XIV, 1826, pp. 
345, 343. 


Description of a new | 


*DESHAYES,.G. P. Encyclopédie Métho- 
dique, Histoire des Vers par Bru- 
guiére et Lamarck, complétée par 
Deshayes, 1830-1832, IT, IIT. 

—— Tableaux comparatifs de Coquilles 
Vivantes avec les espéces fossiles, 
etc., 1830. 

Histoire naturelle des Animaux 
sans vertebres de Lamarck, 2d ed., 
1835. 

*—— Mollusques. 

Exp. Sci. de More, III, 1836, pp. 123, 
9 plates. 

—— Article Conchifera. 

Cyc. Anat. et Phys., 1, 1836, pp. 694- 
716. 

—— Traite élémentaire de Conchylio- 
logie avec les Applications de cette 
Science & la Géologie, 1839-1857, 3 
vols. text; 1 vol. plates. 


* 


Expedition scientifique de l’Algé- 
rie, 1847. 


Description de quelques especes de 
Mollusques nouveaux ou peu connus 
envoycs do la Chine, par L’Abbé 
David. 

Bull. Nouv. Arch. Mus., 1X, 1873, pp. 
1-14, 3 plates; Pt. 2, 1874, pp. 83-162, 
4 plates. 

*___ Observations sur les Animaux de 
deux Nayades asiatiques. 

Jour. de Conch., 1875, pp. 81-85. 

*DESHAYES, G. P., and JULLIEN, M. Mé- 
moire sur les Mollusques nouveaux 
du Cambodge, envoyés au Museum 
par le Docteur Jullien. 

Nouv. Arch. de Mus., X, 1874, pp. 
115-162, 4 plates. 

DESHAYES, G. P., and MILNE-EpWanrps, 
H. Animaux sans Vertebres, 3d ed., 
1839. 

Desmars, J. Essai d’un Catalogue des 
Mollusques terrestres, fluviatiles et 
marines observés dans Vile et Vilaine, 
ete., 1873, 94 pp. 

*Drs MOULINS, CHARLES. Catalogue des 
especes et variétés de Mollusques ter- 
restres et fluviatiles seneamaleula) 
Gironde, etc. 

Bull. Soc. Linn. Bord., 11, 1827, pp. 
39-69; Supp. tosame, ITI, 1829, p. 211. 

*____ Description dune espeéce d’Unio 
vivanto du Perigord. 

Actes Soc. Linn. Bord., V1, 1833, pp. 
20-31, 1 plate. 


Gaz 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL, XXII. 


*DrEs MOoULINS, CHARLES. Considera- 
tions générales sur la réforme qwit 
convendrait dintroduire dans la de- 
termination des especes des genres 
Unio et Anodonta. 

Actes Soc. Linn. Bord., XI, 1839, 14 
pp.; trans. in Am. Jour. Sci. and 
Arts, 1841, pp. 104-116. 

—— Catalogue de Mollusques dela Dor- 
dogne, 1844. 

*__ Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles 
~ * * de la Gironde. 

Actes Soc. Linn. Bord, XVII, 1851, 
pp. 421-437; X VIII, pp. 492-499. 

: DEVILLE, E., and Hupk, H. De- 
scription de quelques coquilles nou- 
velles provenant de l’expedition de 
M. de Castlenau. 

Rev. et Mag. de Zool., 1850, pp. 631- 
C44, 2 plates. 


Dewey, C. List of Naiades found in 
western New York, and sent to the 
State collection at Albany, etc. 


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SYNOPSIS OF THE ‘NA IADES—SIMPSON. 


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* 


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968 


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VOL. XXII. 


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Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., 1853, 
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x 


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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1854, | 


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Proc. Acad. Nat, Sci. Phila., 1857, 
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, 
p. 85. ; 


*—— Description of twelve new Naiades 
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, - 
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, 
pe LOW: 
*——_— Description of six new Fresh-water 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, | 


Dawoe 
*—__ Description of a new Triquetra. 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, | 


Oa 70. ; 
*—— Description of new Fresh-water | 
Shells from California. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 
pp. 80, 81. 
*____ Description of twenty-five new 
Exotic Uniones. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856 
pp. 92-95. 
*____ Description of four new Exotic | 
Uniones. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, | 
p. 105. 
*___ Description of the Byssus in Unio. 


Proc. Acad. 
pp. 218, 214. 
*____ Description 
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Proc. Acad. 
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[Communication on Triquetra lan- 
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, 
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Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 


Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856 


7 


* 


op || 


of eleven new Uniones | 


and Land Shells of Texas and Ta- 
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, 
pp. 101, 102. 
*__ Description of four new Exotic 
Uniones, etc., 1857. 


*___ [ Proposed change of name of two 
Unios. | 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, 
p. 104. 


|. 


Descriptions of twenty-seven new 
Uniones from Georgia. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, 
pp. 169-172. 
[Remarks on plates of Naiades of 


Siam. ] 
| Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, 
| p. 205. 
| “Description du sous-genre Plagio- 
| don, ete. R 
| Jour. de Conch., 1857, pp. 207, 208. 
*___ Descriptions of Exotic Genera and 


Species of Unionide. 

| Jour. Acad. Nal. Sci. Phila., 1857, 

| pp. 289-321, 13 plates. 

*____ Observations, ete., VI, Pt. 1, 1857, 
pp. 34, 13 plates. 


*—__ Description du Byssus dans le Genre 
Unio. 
Jour. de Conch,, 1857, p. 200. 
*___ Kemarks on Unionide of Nebraska 


Territory, etc. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 
pp. 15-14. 


NO. 1205. 


SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 


969 


*Lea, Isaac. Descriptions of new Unios 
from Tennessee, etc. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 


pp. 40, 41. 
*~__[Remarks on some remarkable 
Unionide. | 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 
p. 114. 
*—_ Description of four new Freshwater 


Mollusks from Darien. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 
p. 118. 


*___ [Remarks on reproduction of Unio | 


rubiginosus, | 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858. 
Pp. 135. 
- Descriptions of seven new Margari- 
tanas and four new Anodontas. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 
pp. 188, 139. 
% Descriptions of twelve new Uniones 
of the United States. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 
pp. 165, 166. 
*___ [Remarks on Triquetra contorta. ] 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 
1Do Laws 
Descriptions of the 
forms of thirty-eight 
Unionide. 
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 
pp. 43-50, 1 plate, separate. 
*__ New Unionide of the 
States. 
Jour. dead. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 
pp. 51-95, 15 plates. 
*____ Descriptions of Exotic Genera and 
Species of Unionidie. 
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1858, 
pp. 289-321, 13 plates. 


embryonic 
of 


species 


United 


- Observations, etc., VI, Pt. 2, 1858, 
52 pp., 16 pilates. 
* Observations, etc., VI, 1858, 97 pp., 


29 plates. 


*_._ Descriptions of eight new Union- | 


ide from Georgia, etc. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 
pp. 112, 113. 
Descriptions of twenty-one new 
Exotic Unionide. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 
pp. 151-154. 


from Georgia. 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, | 


~ p. 154. 


Descriptions of two new Uniones 


*LEA, Isaac. Descriptions of seven new 
Uniones from South Carolina, ete. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 
pp. 154, 155. 

Descriptions of twelve new Uniones 
from Georgia. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 
pp. 170-172. 
“_— [On dead 

lewisil. | 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 
100 VT 
—— [On Unio kleinianus. ] 
Proc. dead. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 


shells of Anodonta 


be 


p. 177. 
x Descriptions of four new Exotic 
Unionide,. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 
p. 187. 
*____New Unionid:e of the United 
States. 


Jour. Acad. Nat, Sci. Phila., 1859, 
pp. 191-233, 12 plates. 
*____ Observations, etc., VII, 1859, Pt. 1, 
43 pp., 12 plates. 


[Change of name of Margaritana 
etowaheusis. | 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 
p. 280. 
*____ Description of a new Unio from 
Darien. 
Proc. Acad, Nat. 
p. 281. 
*___. [Remarks on four Unios, etc. ]. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 
pp. 329-330. 
*____ Descriptions of three new Exotic 
Uniones. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phitla., 1859, 


p. 3a. 


Sci. Phila., 1859, 


Remarks on the number ofspecies 
of Unionidee, ete. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XII, 
1860, p. 3. 
: Observations, ete., VII, 1860, Pt. 2, 
pp. 38, 13 plates. 


Wee Observations, etc., VII, 1860, pp. 


93, 25 plates. 
*___ [Remarks on Abnormal Shells. ] 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,1860, pp. 
51-53. 
: Descriptions of eight new Unio- 
nide from Georgia, etc., 1860, pp. 24. 


970 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL, XXII. 


*Lna, Isaac. [On the number of Union- 
idee in North America. | 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 
85. 
*___ [On letter of Dr. Lewis. ] 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, pp. 


88, 89. 
‘ Descriptions of four new Unionide | 
from Brazil, ete. | 

Proc, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, | 
pp. 89, 90. | 

i Descriptions of fifteen new Urnu- | 
guayan Unionide. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 
pp. 90-92. 

Descriptions of tive new Uniones | 
from North Alabama. | 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sei. Phila., 1860, 
pp. 92, 93. 

*___ [Ona new form of Palpi of Ano- 
donta from the Uraguay River. } 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 
Ofte | 

*___ Descriptions of two new Uniones 
from Georgia. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 
305. 

x Descriptions of three new Uniones | 
from Mexico. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 
pp. 305, 306. 

*___ Descriptions of seven new Unioni- 
de from the United States. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, | 
pp. 306, 307. 

Descriptions of six new Unionidie 
from Alabama. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, p. 
307. 

*—— Descriptions of three new Exotic 
Unionidie. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 
pp. 307, 308, 331; 1865, pp. 75,76; ex- | 
tract in dm. Jour. Conch., I, 1865, pp. | 
354, 355. 

*___ Descriptions ot Exotic Unionidae. 

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, 
pp. 235-273, 13 plates. 

is New Unionid:e of the United States, | 


ete. 


Jour. dead. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1860, | 


pp. 327-374, 16 plates. 
*—__. Observations, ete., VIII, Pt. 1, 1860, 
pp. 56, 16 plates. 


“LEA, Isaac. Descriptions of twenty- 
five new Unionide from Georgia, 
Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and 
Florida. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
pp. 38-41. 

Descriptions of two new Anodonte 

from Aretic America. 


Phila., 1861. 


| 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
p. 56. 
—— Descriptions of twelve new Uniones 
from Alabama. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.’ Phila., 1861, 
pp. 59, 60. 
Descriptions of eleven new Unios 
from the United States. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 
pp. 391-398. 
Remarks on the number of Unio- 
nidie, etc., 1862. 
New Unionidz of the United States. 
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1861, 
pp. 53-109, 18 plates. 
“—— Observations, etec., VIII, 1862, Pt. 2, 
pp. 56, 18 plates. 
*—— Observations, etc., VIII, 1862, pp. 
115, 54 plates. 


b) 


Phila., 1861 


crs 


*—— Descriptions of ten new Unionide 
of the United States. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862, 
pp. 168, 169. 
— Descriptions of two 
Uniones, ete. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 
p. 176. 
Description of a new Genus, etc., 
1862. , 
*__ Checklist of the Shells of North 
America. Unionide. 


i new Exotic 


Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collec- 
| tion, II, pp. 52, 1862. Separate. 


*__ New Unionide of the United States. 
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862. 
pp. 53-109, 18 plates. 
ae New Unionide of the United Statcs. 
etc. 
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1862. 
pp. 187-216, 10 plates. 
*—__ Observations, etc., IX, 1863, pp. 180, 
16 plates. 


*__ Descriptions of eleven new Exotic 
Unionide. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 
pp. 189, 190. 


NO. 1205. SYNOPSIS OF THE 


NAIADES—SIMPSON, 


abil 


“LA, Isaac. Description of anew Unio 

and a Monocondylea. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
p. 190. 

i Descriptions of twenty-four new 

Unionide of the United States. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 
pp. 191-194. 

4 New Exotic Unionide. 

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, | 
pp. 377-400, 10 plates. 

- Descriptions of the soft parts of one 
hundred and forty-three species, and 
some Embryonic Forms of Unionide, 
etc. 

Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1863, 
pp. 401-456. 


Phila., 1863, 


. Observations, etc., X, 1863, pp. 94, | 
10 plates. | 
* Descriptious of six new Unionide | 


from Lake Nyassa. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, 
pp. 108, 109. : | 
*—— ]escriptions of two new Unionide | 
from South Africa. | 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, | 
p. 113. | 
*_— Descriptions of six new Western | 
Asiatic Unionide. 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1864, | ~ 


pp. 285, 286. 
*___ Descriptions of three new Exotic | 
Unionide. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1865, 
pp. 75, 76. 

a Descriptions of cight new Unios 
from the United States. 

Descriptions of fourteen new Mela- 
nid; etc., 1866, pp. 32. 

Appendix IV [to Bibliography of 
the North American Conchology, by 
W.G. Binney. ] 

Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection, 
IX, 1869, pp. 289-294. 

*—— Description of twelve new Union- 
ide from South America. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 
pp. 33-35. | 


*—_ Description of five new Unios. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1866, 
Da Jes, 
% New Unionid Melanide, ete. 
Jour, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 
pp. 5-65, 21 plates; Am. Jour. Conch., | 
1867, pp. 84, 85. Separate. 


“LEA, Isaac. Observations, etc., XI, 
1867, pp. 146, 24 plates. 
Index to Volumes I-XI of Observa- 
tions, 1867, pp. 63. 
“—— Descriptions of five new Unionidx, 
ete. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. 
p. 81. 
Descriptions of nine new Unios from 
Lake Nicaragua. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci, Phila., 1868, 
pp. 94-96. 
*— Description of sixteen new Union- 
ide, etc. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 
pp. 143-145. 
*__. Notes on 
Unios. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 
pp. 145, 146; Am. Jour. Conch., 1868, 
p. 233. 
— Descriptions of four new Exotic 
Unionidee. 
Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Philu., 1868, 
p. 150. 
*“—_ Descriptions of seven new Unios 
from North Carolina. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 
pp- 160, 161. 
Description of two new Unionide 
from Ecuador. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 
pp. 161, 162. 
*_— Descriptions of Unionidze from the 
Lower Cretaceous of New Jersey. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 
pp. 162-164. 
Descriptions of twelve new South 
American Unionide, 1868. 
*— New Unionidie, Melanida, etc., 
the United States. 
Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1868, 
pp. 249-302, 17 plates; pp. 303-345, 9 
plates. 
*_ Observations, etc., XII, 1869, pp. 
105, 25 plates. 
: Index to Volume XII, etc., 1869, pp. 
23. 


Sci. Phila., 1867, 


some singular Chinese 


of 


Descriptions of six new Freshwater 
Shells. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. 
pp. 124, 125. 
*___ Are Unios sensitive to light? 
Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, XLVII,1869, 
pp. 430, 481; Ann. Nat. Hist., III, 
1869, p. 466. 


Sci. Phila., 1869, 


972 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL, XXII. 


~Lea, Isaac. Descriptions of three new 
Exotic Unionide. 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871, | 


p. 188. 


ones of the United States. 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1871, | 


pp. 189-193. 
*___ Descriptions of twenty-nine Union- 
id from the United States. 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1872, | 


pp. 155-161. 


*____ Rectification of Conrad's Synopsis, — 
etc., 1872. 

i Description of seven new Union- | 
idee, etc. 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1874, | 


pp. 422, 423. 
*____ Descriptions of three new Uniones 
from the United States. 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1873, p. 
424, 
*.___ Description of fifty-two species .of 
Unionide. 
Jour. Acad. Nat. 


75, 22 plates. 


*____ Index to Volumes I-XIII, Observa- | 


tions, ete., 1874, 29 pp. 
Lua, Isaac, and BINNEY, W. G. 
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Rep.on Geol. and Nat. Hist., of Ne- | 


braska, by F. V. Hayden, 1858-9. 
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Gray. 
Ler, W.S. 

Unio. 
Jour. Trenton Soc., I, 1886, p. 8. 


* LRENWENHOEK, ANT. VON. Arcana Na- | 


ture delecta, etc., 1695. 


Le GOUVIERIE, T. La péche aux perles | 


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*LEHMAN, R. 

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*LEIDIG, ——. 

1866. 
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1857, p. 
18. 


Die Schnecken and Mus- 


In Mollusken der Main, 


| *LEtwy, Jos. 
Descriptions of twenty new Uni- | 


Sci. Phila., 1874, | 
pp. 5-54, 18 plates; pp. 55-59, 4 plates. | 
*___ Observations, etc., XIII, 1874, pp. 


Ope) 


The Zoo- | 


Completed by J. E. | 


How the Muskrat opens the | 


On the reproduction and 
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1883, 


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LETOURNEUX, TacirE. Catalogue des 
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Rev. et Mag. Zool., XX., 1869, pp. 
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Separate. 


*LETOURNEUX, A., and BOURGUIGNAT, J. 
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LEVILLE, J. B. T. Manuel d’histoire 
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*LEWIS, JAMES. [List of Mollusca in 
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York.] In letter to Dr. Lea. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1856, 
pp. 259, 260. 
| *___ [On Alasmodonta marginata Say. | 
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., V, 1854, 
pp. 120-124. 


*___ Notes on Mollusca. 
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1855, pp. 
121-124. 
| *_— [On the Shells of New York]. 
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1856, pp. 
| 295-298. 


NO. 1205. 


SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 


973 


*LEWIS, JAMES. 
Otsego counties. 
Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1856, pp. 
1-4. 


*___ [Erosion of Unios. | | 

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1857, pp. | 

149-151. | 
*__ Catalogue of the Mollusks in the 


vicinity of Mohawk, ete. 


Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1869, © 
pp- 17-19. 
fe Colors of Unionide. 


Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1860, pp. 
245,246; Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 
1860, p. 88. 


x Letter in relation to habits and | 
| *LINSLEY, JAMES H. Catalogue of the 


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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
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Phila., 1861, 


by A. C. Currier. 


Am. Jour. Conch., LV, 1868, pp. 81-85. 


a Remarks on the Mollusks of the | 


Valley of the Mohawk. 
Am. Jour. Conch., 1868, pp. 241-245. 
*____ Catalogue of the Shells of the Coosa 
River, Alabama. 
Am. Jour. Conch., 1869, pp. 166-169. 
*—__ On the Shells of the Holston River. 
Am. Jour. Conch., 1870, pp. 216-226. 
Land and Fresh-water Shells of 
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Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist., 
pp. 127-142. 
*___  Fresh-water 
Alabama. 
Fauna of Ala., 1876, pp. 1-42, 4 supp. 


1874, 


and Land Shells of 


*____ Unionide of Ohio and Enema 
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1877, 
pp. 26-36. 
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Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1879, 
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Shells in Herkimer and | 


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LIESVILLE, DE. Catalogue des Mol- 


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Jour. Morph., VIII, 1893, pp. 569- | 

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Science, V, 1897, pp. 389, 390. 

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974 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII. 


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Ann. Soc. Zool. Lyon, 1889, pp. 111- | 


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Ann. Soc. Ag. Soc. et Ind.,- 7th ser., | 


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Rev. Sci. Bourb., 1894, pp. 64-68, 
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Mém. Acad. de Stockholm, 1848, p.?. 


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* 


Low, Franz. Die Flussperlenmuscheln- 


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Verh. d. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., 1859, | 


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—— [Ancdonta cygnea and piscinalis, 
etc. } 
Arch. d. Vereins f. Nat. Meck., X XI, 
1872, pp. 91, 92. 
MALZINE, F. DE. Essai sur la Faune 
malacologique du Belgique, ete., 
| 1867. 
| Manpvuyr. Tableau indicatif des Mol- 
lusques du Département dela Vienne, 
1839. 
*MANGILI, C.G. Zootomische de Con- 
chiglia Bivalvi, 1804. 


NO. 1205. 


SYNOPSIS OF THE NAITADES—SIMPSON. 


975 


MANSELL-PLEYDELL, J.C. Ornithology | 
and conchology of the county of | 
Dorset, 1874. | 

—— The Land and Fresh-water Mol- | 
lusea of Dorsetshire. | 

Proc. Dors. N. Hist. Club, 1885, pp. | 
76-127, 128-183, 6 plates. | 

*MANTELL, GIDEON A. The Geology of | 
the southeast of England, 1833. 

*____ On the Unionide of the River of | 
the Country of the Iguanodon. 

Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, XLVII, | 
1844, pp. 402-406. 

*___ Geology of the Isle of Wight, etc., | 
1847. | 

*MARAVIGNA, M.C. Mémoires pour ser- 
vir a Vhistoire naturelle de la Sicile, | 
1838. 

*MARCEL DE SERRES. 
Terrains Tertiaires, etc., 1829. 

Marquanb, E.D. The Land and Fresh- | 
water Shells of Guernsey. 

Rep. Guernsey Soc., 1894, pp. 356- | 
359. 

MarsH, WILLIAM A. 
Unionidee. 

Aledo Mepublican, November 
1896, Newspaper. 

*—— Descriptions of two new species of | 

Unio from Arkansas. 
Nautilus, 1891, pp. 1, 2. 

es Descriptions of two new Unios from 
Florida. 

Nautilus, 1891, pp. 29, 30. 

z Brief Notes on the Land and Fresh- 
water Shells of Mercer County, 
Illinois. 

Conch. Exchange, LI1, 1887, 1888, | 
pp. 42, etc. 

*MARSHALL, WILLIAM 
Unionide, ete. 

Bull. N. Y. State Mus., 


New American | 


18, 


1B 5 JBOSS = Oar 


II, 1890, pp. 


169-181, plate. 5 | 
= Preliminary List of New York | 
Unionide. 


Bull. N. Y. State Mus., 1, 1892, pp. 
WP 
MARSHALL, A. M., and Hurst, C. H. 
A Junior Course of Practical Zoology, 
1887. 
*Marsiew, L. F. 
ube, ete., 1749. 
*MARTENS, E. von. Ueber die Binnen- 
moliusken des Mittleren und Sud- 
lichen Norwegens. 
Mal, Blatt, 1886, pp. 69-117. 


Description du Dan- | 


Géognosie de | * 


|) «Wie ber 


“MARTENS, E. von. Reisebemerkungen 
iiber einige Binnenschnecken Ital- 
lens. 

Mal. Blatt, 1857, pp. 120-155. 

Verzeichniss der von Prof. Peters 
in Mossambique, ete. 

Mal. Blatt, 1859, pp. 211-221. 

*—— Die Japanische Binnenschnecken 
im Leidner Museum. 

Mal. Blatt, 1861, pp. 32-61. 

*—— On the Mollusea of Siam. 

Proc. Zool. Soc., 1860, pp. 61-78. 

*-__ _Mérch, Synopsis Molluscorum 
Danie. 

. Mal. Blatt, 1865, pp. 16-26. 

*—— Bourguignat, Malacologie du lac 
des Quatre Cantons. — 

Mal. Blatt, 1865, pp. 41-45. 

*__ Ubersicht der Land und Siisswasser 
Mollusken des Nil Gebietes. 

Mal. Blatt, 1865, pp. 177-207; 1866 
pp. 1-21, 91-114. 

—- Ueber die Mollusken Fauna Wiirt- 

emburgs. 
Jahrb. Ver. 
178-217. 4 

Ueber die Mexicanischen Binnen- 

conchylien, ete. 

Mal. Blatt, 1865, pp. 1-78, 151-153, 
plate. 

Ueber einige Afrikanische Binnen- 

conchy lien. 

Mal. Blatt, 1866, pp. 91-110, 2 plates. 

Ueberblick der Najaden des indi- 
schen Archipels. 

Mal. Blatt, 1867, p. 10. 
*—— Ueber einige Muscheln des Oberen 
Nil gebietes. 
Mal. Blatt, 1867, pp. 17-20. 
~—— Die Siisswasser Mollusken Japans. 
Arch. fiir Naturg., 1868, p. 125. 
Siidbrasilische Land- und 
Siisswasser Mollusken, ete. 
Mat. Llatt, 1868, pp. 169-217. 
*—— Conchologische Notizen. 
Mal. Blatt, 1869, pp. 81-84. 


dem Oberen Nil 


Nat. Wurt., 1865, pp. 


x 


*—— Conchylien aus 
gebiet. 
Mal. Blatt, 1870, pp. 32-36. 
— Unterscheidung der Anodonten. 
Nach. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1871, p. 138. 


cc 


—— Uber das yverkommen von Unio 
sinuatus, etc. 
Sitz. Ber. Ges. Nat. I'r., 1872, pp 


101-103. 


976 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


*MARTENS, E. VON. Mollusken an der 

Mundung des Jenesei. 
Nach. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1872, pp. 

71-73. 

> Zusammenstellung der von Dr. 
xeorg Schweinfurth in Afrika, ete. 

Mal. Blatt, 1873, pp. 37-46. 

Critical list of the Mollusca of | 


New Zealand, etce., 1873. 


*___ Die Binnenmollusken Venezuelas, | 
etc. 
Festschrift Gesell. Nat. Freunde, | 


— Ueber vorderasiatische conchylien, 
etc., 1874. 
*—__ Binnen-Mollusken 
China. | 
Mal. Blatt, 1875, pp. 185-188; Site. | 
Ber. Nat. Ir., 1875, p. 3; Proc. Zool. | 
Soc., 1875, p. 606. | 
rs Cristaria reiniana. 
Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Ges.,i875, p.136. | 
Uber die von Ehrenberg auf seiner | 
Reise durch Russland, ete. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1875, pp. 88-96. | 
*___ Uber einige neue ostasiatische Land | 
und Siisswasser Conchylien. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1875, pp. 2-4. 
—— Die von Prof. Dr. R. Bucholz, in | 
Westafrika, ete. 
Mon. Akad. Wiss. Ber., 1876, pp. | 
253-274, 5 plates. | 
— Uebersicht iiber die von Hilgendorf | 
und Doénitz in Japans, ete. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1877, pp. 97-123. | 
Mehrerlei ausliindische Conchylien 
arten, etc. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1877, pp. 99-105. 
Uebersicht der von ihm von 1843 
bis 1847 in Mossambique gesammel- | 
ten Mollusea. 
Mon. Akad. Wis. Ber., 1879, pp. 727= | 
749. | 
—— Uber die Vertheilung der Land- | 
schnecken im Europiiischen Russ- | 


1873, pp. 157-225, 2 plates. Separate. | 
| 
| 


aus Mittlern | 


% 


land. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1878, pp. 20-26. | 
¥ Aufziihlung der von Dr. Alex. | 


Brandt in Russich Armenien gesam- | 
melten Mollusken. | 
Mélanges Biol. St. Petersb., X,1880, | 

pp. 379-400; Bull. Pet. Ak., 1880, pp. | 
142-158. | 
-—— [Tubercles on beaks of Unio cras- | 
sus and tumidus. ] | 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1881, p. 94. 


“MARTENS, E. VON. Zwei Binnenconchy- 
lien aus Angola. 
Sttz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1881, pp. 121-125. 
—- Binnenconchylien aus Angola und 
Loango. 
Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1882, pp. 
243-250. 
Conchologische Mittheilungen, I, 
1881; II, 1881-1885. 
Kinige centralafrikanische Con- 
chylien, ete. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1883, pp. 71-74. 
—— Zeigte ferner einige der von Dr. 
Gottsche in Japan und Korea, ete. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1885, pp. 76-80. 
Ueber brasilische Land- und Siiss- 
wasser-Mollusken. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1885, pp. 147, 148. 
—— Afrikanische Binnenmollusken. 
Conch. Mitt., 1881-1885, pp. 181- 
190, 1 plate. 
*“—— Subfossile Siisswasser-conchylien 
aus Aigypten. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1886, pp. 126-129. 
Vorlegung eines lebenden exam- 
plares von Unio tumidus. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1287, pp. 105, 106. 
—— Vorlegung einiger Siisswassermu- 
scheln aus Guatemala. : 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1887, pp. 106-108. 
*“—— Zwei neue Schneckenarten, etc. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1888, pp. 64, 65. 
—— Sudafrikanische “andschnecken. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1889, pp. 160-165. 
—— Spatha subeequilatera new species. 
Conch. Mitt., 1889, p. 18, fig. 
Mittheilungeu iiber die Fauna von 
Ost-Afrika. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1890, pp. 181-184. 
~ Von Dr. F. Stuhlmann auf der Ex- 
pedition Emin Pasha’s, ete. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1891, pp. 13-18. 
*—__ Ueber die Siisswasser-mollusken 
des malayischen Archipels. 
Site. Ber. Nat. I’r., 1891, pp. 109-112. 
*—_ Unio an welchen ein Stiick von der 
Wirbelgegend abgesprengt. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1893, p. 169. 


Siisswasser-Conchylien aus 


oy 


x 


* 


és 


3 


* 


* 


x 


*“__— Neue 
Korea. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1894, pp. 207-217. 

*“— Mollusken von Paraguay. 
Sitz. Ber. Nat. I’r., 1895, pp. 33-35. 
*—_. Beschalte Weichthiere Deutsch Ost- 
Afrikas, 1897, pp. 308, 7 plates, figures. 


VOL. XXII, 


NO, 1205. 


SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 


DUG 


*MaRTENS, E. von. Zoologische Ergeb- 
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*—_ Conchologische Miscellen, III. 

Arch. fiir Naturg., I, 1899, pp. 26-48, 
pls. WI-Vvil. 

*—_. Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zo- 

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MARTINI, FREDERICH HEINRICH WIL- 
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Berliner Mag., 1767, pp. 113-158, ete. 
— Verzeichniss Konchylien, 1773. 
*MartTINI, F. H. W. and CHEMNITZ, J. H. 
Neues systematisches Conchylien- 
Cabinet, etc., 10 vols., 1769-1829. 


Martyn, Tuomas. Universal Concholo- 

gist, 1784, 4 vols., with plates. 
Another edition entitled, Figures 
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Masson, C. T. Large-sized Anodonta 
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Naturalist, 1884, p. 112. 

Massor. Enumération des mollusques 
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Bull. Soc. Agr. Pyr. Or., 1877. 
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Sepa- 


*MATHERON, PHILIPPE. Catalogue des 
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*MatTON, WILLIAM GEORGE.  Descrip- 
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Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1811, p. 325. 

*MATON, WILLIAM GEORGE, and Rack- 
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Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1807, pp. 
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*Mawe, JOHN. The Linnean System 
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Mayo. Lessons on Shells in a Pestaloz- 
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and Indian Territory in 1894. 
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*MENKE, CaRL THEODOR. Synopsis 

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Proc. N. M. vol. xxii—— 62 


| *MIGHELS, J. W. 


*“MENKE, CARLO THEODORO.  Mollus- 
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etc., 1843. 

—— Ein Siid-africanischer Unio. 

Zeits. fiir Mal., 1848, pp. 28, 29. 

[Notice of Histoire Naturelle des 

Mollusques, by Moquin-Tandon. | 

Mal. Blatt., 1857, pp. 1-16. 


MERMET, C. Histoire des Mollusques 
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Act. Soc. Se. Pau, 1843, separate. 


“MrERyY, L. Remarques sur la Moule des 
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*MEUSCHEN, FRED. CHRISTIAN. Sche- 
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seum Geversianum, etc., 1787. 
*MicHaubD, ANDRE LouIsS Gasparp. 
Complément de l’Histoire Naturelle 
des Mollusques de France, 1831. 
*“—— Description de quelques espéces 
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Guer. Mag. Zool., 1837, pls. 81-85. 
MIDDENDORFF, A. TH. VON. Anodonta 
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Bull. Phys. Math. Acad. St. Pét., 
1848, pp. 303, 304. 
Malacozoologia 
1847-49. 
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22 plates. 


* 


¥ 


Rossica, 2 pts., 


Catalogue of the Ma- 
rine fluviatile and terrestrial Shells 
of Maine. 

Jour. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1844, pp. 
308-344. 

MILACHEVITCH, C. Etudes sur la faune 
des Mollusques de Moscow. 

Bull. Mosc., 1881, pp. 215-241. 

“MILES, MANLY. Catalogue of the Mol- 
lusks of Michigan. 

Rep. Geol. Surv. Mich., 1860, p. 235. 

MiuLER, C. A. Remarks on Unio sayi 
and Unio camptodon, etc. 

Cinn. Quart. Jour. Sci., I, 1874, pp. 
244-247, 

MILLER, K. 

sees. 
Schrift. Gesch. Bod., 1V, 1873, pp. 

123-134, 2 plates; Extract by von 

Martens in Jahrb. Deuisch. Mal. Ges., 

1875. 

*—— Die Binnenmollusken von Ecuador, 

II Mal. Blatt., 1879, pp. 117-199, 12 

plates. 


Die Schalthiere des Boden- 


978 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL, XXII. 


*MILLET, P. A. Mollusques terrestres 
et fluviatiles dans. le département 
de Maine-et-Loire, 1813, 2d ed., in 
Act. Soc. Linn. Bord., V1, 1833, pp. 
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rate. 

Description de denx nouvelles Ano- 

dontes. 

Mém. Soc. Ag. Ang., 1833, p. 241. 

Description de quelques nouvelles 

Mollusques de France. 

Mag. Zool., 1848, 2 plates. 


MiLNE-Epwarpbs, ALPHONSE. Eléments | 


de Zoologie, 1834. 
*MILNES, HERBERT. 
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shire. 
Jour. Conch., 1893, pp. 274-228. 


MINDEN. Uber die Flussperlenmuschel, | 


ete. 
Schrift. Phys. Ges. Kén., 1867. 


Mosius, K. Eme echte Perle von unge- | 


wohnheher Form und Fiirbung. 


Sitz. Ber. Nat. Fr., 1892, pp. 1-3, fig. | 


MoLuLeNbDorrFr, O. F. Von. 


pp., plate. 


*____ Zur Binnenmolluskenfauna 
Nord China. 


Jahrb. Deutsch. Mal. Ges., 1881, pp. | 


33-43, figs. 


Monckton, H. W. Zoclogical report | 
on Land and Freshwater Shells | 


round Wellington College. 
Rep. Welling. Soc., 1888, pp. 52-53. 


* MONTAGU, GEORGE. 


1808. 
*MONTEROSATO, ALLERY DI. 
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Naturalista Siciliano, 1896, p. 1, figs. 


Note in- 


MontTrForT, DENYSDE. Conchyliologie 


systématique, etc., 2 vols., 1808-1810, | 


figs. 


MONTFORT, DENYS DE; Roissy, FELIX, | 


and LEMAN. Histoire naturelle des 
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* Moors, J. E.S. The Mollusks of the 
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Quart. Jour. Mic. Sci., 1898, pp. 159- 
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Testacea Britan- | 
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marine, land and fresh water, 2 vols., | 
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Moore, R. D., and BUTLER, A. W. Land 
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Bull. Brookville Soc., 1885, pp. 41-44. 
“MOoqQuIN-TANDON, ALFRED. Mémoire 
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Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse, 1843, p. 
167. Separate. 
*_— Note relative 4 loviducte 
Unios et Anodontes. 
Jour. de Conch., 1853, pp. 410-411. 
*—_ Histoire naturelle des Mollusques 
terrestres et fluviatiles de France, 
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Mo6rcu, O. A. L. Catalogus Conchy- 
liorum qui reliquit C. P. Kjerulf, 
1850, 37 pp., 2 plates. ! 

Catalogus Conchyliorum que re- 
| liquit D. Alphonso d’Aguirra et Gade- 
comes de Yoldi, 1852-3, 252 pp. 
*__  Beitriige zur Molluskenfauna Cen- 
tral Amerikas. 
Mal. Blatt, 1861, p. 170. 
| “—— [On Link’s Genera of Shells. ] 
Proc. Zool, Soc., 1862, pp. 226-228. 
~—— Synopsis Molluscorum Danie, ete. 
Land. Forsk. blod. Naturh. For., 
1864; Mal. Blatt, 1864, p. 16. 
— Ueber Pinna fluviatilis. 
Mal. Blatt, 1865, pp. 110-116. 


des 


| 


| eee 


*____ Land and Fresh-water Mollusca of 
Greenland. 
Am. Jour. Conch., 1868, pp. 25-40, 2 
plates. 
*____ Land and Fresh-water Mollusks of 
Iceland. 


Am. Jour. Conch., 1869, pp. 41-45. 
Catalogue des Mollusques des an- 
ciennes colonies danoises du Bengal. 
Jour. de Conch., 1872, pp. 303-345. 
*MORELET, ARTHUR. Description des 
Mollusques du Portugal, 1845, 1 vol., 
14 plates. 
*____ Testacea novissima insulie Cubane, 
etc., Pt. I, 1849; II, 1851. 
| ‘—— Appendice a4 la conchyliologie de 
l’Algérie, etc. 
Jour. de Coneh., 1851, pp. 351-361. 
*____ Catalogue des Mollusques de |’Al- 
gérie. 
Jour. de Conch., 1853, pp. 280-305. 
*___ Séries Conchyliologiques, etc., 1858- 
1875. 
*____ Diagnoses Testarum Indo-sinarum. 
Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1862, p. 477. 


NO. 1205. 


*MORELET, ARTHUR. Descriptions de 
coquilles inédites. 
Jour. de Conch., 1864, pp. 155-159, 
286-290. 
z Rectifications et additions a la 
Faune malacologique de _ 1’Indo- 
Chine. 


Jour. de Conch., 1865, pp. 19-28, 225- | 


228 
- Description d’especes appartenant 
ila Faune malacologique de l’Indo- 
Chine. 
Jour. de Conch., 1866, pp. 62-68. 
*___ Diagnoses de coquilles nouvelles de 
l’Indo-Chine. 
Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1866, p. 165. 
*___ Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles. 
Voyage du Dr. Fred Welwitsch, 1868. 


*—__ Observations critiques sur quelques | 


Paludines de l’Indo-Chine. 
Jour. de Conch., 1869, pp. 403-408. 
— Notice sur les coquilles recueillies 
sur les votes de Abyssinie. 
Ann. Mus. Civ. Gén., 1872. 
*____ Révision des Mollusques terrestres 
et fluviatiles du Portugal. 
Jour. de Conch., 1877, pp. 242-261. 


*___ La Faune malacologique du Maroc. | 
Jour. de Conch., 18380, pp. 1-83. 

*___ Deux Naiades inédites du Tabasco. 
Jour. de Conch., 1884, pp. 122-125. 

* Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles 


de Afrique Equinoxiale. 
Jour. de Conch., 1885, pp. 20-33, 
plate. 

*MoRGAN, J. Mollusques terrestres et 
fluviatiles du Pérak, ete. 

Bull. Soc. Zool. de France, 1885, pp. 
353-428, 5 plates. 

Morean, J. B. The Land and Fresh- 

water Shells of Montgomeryshire. 
Coll. Powys-land Club, XXI, 1887, 
pp. 103-106. 

*MorICAND, STEFANO. Mémoire sur les 
coquilles envyoyées de Bahia par M. 
Blanchet. 

Mém. Soc. Phys. Gén., 1836, 1 plate ; 


ist Sup., 1836, 1 plate; 2d Sup. ; 1839, | 


1 plate; 3d Sup., 1845, 1 plate. 
Nouveaux Naiades du Brésil. 

Rev. et Mag. Zool., 1858, pp. 453-454, 
1 plate. 


x Note sur quelques espéces nouvelles | 
q 


de coquilles terrestres, pp. 50,3 col- 
ored plates. No date. [1833.] 


‘ 


SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES—SIMPSOF. 


979. 


| * Moret, L. Diagnoses Molluscornm 
| novarum Tonkini. 

Jour. de Conch., 1886, pp. 75-78. 
Catalogue des Mollusques des enyi- 


* 


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fort. 

| Jour. de Conch., 1871, pp. 34-59. 
Separate. 


* 


—— Description d’especes de coquilles 
| recueillies par M. Pavie, au Cam- 
bodge. 
Jour. de Conch., 1883, pp. 104-110, 
plate; 1884, pp. 386-403. 
Liste des coquilles recueillies au 
Tonkin, par M. Jourdy. 
Jour. de Conch., 1886, pp. 257-295, 
4 plates. 
—— Catalogue des coquilles recueillies, 
par M. Pavie, dans le Cambodge, etc. 
Jour. de Conch., 1889, pp. 121-200. 
le Contributions & Ja Faune malaco- 
logique de l’Indo-Chine. 
Jour. de Conch., 1891, pp. 280-254, 
1 plate. 
% Diagnoses Molluscorum in Indo- 
China collectarum. 
Jour. de Conch., 1892, pp. 82-86. 
*___ Descriptions d’especes nouvelles 
provenant de ’Indo-Chine. 
Jour. de Conch., 1893, pp. 153-157. 
*Morris, JoHN A. Catalogue of British 
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*Morse, E. 8. Observations on the Ter- 
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Journ. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist., I, 
1864, pp. 1-65, 10 plates. 
*____ Salt and Freshwater Clams. 
Am. Naturalist, 1869, pp. 21-26. 
MORTILLET, G. DE. Catalogue 
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Bull. Soc. Nat. Savoie, 1851. 
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x 


des 


*MORTON, SAMUEL G. Organic remains. 
Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, XXIX, 1836, 
pp. 149-154. 
*MOULINS, CHARLES 
des espéces de Mollusques du 
| partement de la Gironde. 
Bull. Soc. Linn. Bord., 1827, p. 39; 
supp., 1829, p. 211. 
*___ Description d’une nouvelle Unio du 
Périgord. 
Actes Soc. Linn. Bord., 1830, p. 1583 
1833, p. 20. 


Catalogue 
dé- 


DES, 


980 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL. XXII. 


*MOULINS, CHARLES DES. Considéra- 
tions générales, etc. 

Actes Soc. Linn. Bord., 1839, p. 3. 
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Actes Soc. Linn. Bord., 1851, p. 421. 

*MOouUSSON, ALBERT. Die Land- und Siiss- 

wasser-Mollusken von Java, 1849, 22 
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*_. Coquilles terrestres et fluviatiles 
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*—._ Coquilles recueillies par M. le Prof. 
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z Notiz iiber einige von Herrn Gustav 
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tika, zuriickgebrachte Mollusken. 
Mal. Blatt., 1869, pp. 170-189. 
*—__ Diagnosen neuer Mollusken aus 


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* 


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% 


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*SHEPPARD, REVETT. 

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[On sexuality 


¥ 


# 


* 


990 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. VOL. XXII 


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Nautilus, 1895, p. 122, figs. 


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*—_ Diagnosis of New Shells from Lake 
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Ann. Nat. Hist., 1880, pp. 425-430. 
/ *—— On the Shells of Lake Tanganyika 
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Proc. Zool. Soc., 1880, pp. 344-352. 

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| *—. Notes on African Mollusca. 
Ann. ald Mag. Nat. Hist., 1891, pp. 
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| 1 plate. 
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| Proc. Mal. Soc. London, 1894, pp.163- 
168, figs. 


=~ 


NO. 1205. 


SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 


991 


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*—— Notes on the Invertebrate Fauna of 
the Dakota Formation, etc. 
Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1894, pp. 
131-138. 
*“WHITEAVES, J. F. 


On the Land and 


Fresh-water Mollusca of Lower 
Canada. 
Can. Naturalist, 1863. Separate. 


pp. 31, wood-cuts. 
Notes on the recent discovery of 
large Unio-like Shells in the Coal 
Measures of South Joggins, Nova 
Scotia. 

Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., 1893, pp. 111- 
121, fig. 


* 


NO. 1205. 


SYNOPSIS OF THE NAIADES—SIMPSON. 


I97 


*WHITEAVES, J. F. Notes on Recent 
Canadian Unionide. 

Can. Record, 1895, pp. 250-263. Sep- 
arate. 

*—— Additional notes on Recent Cana- 
dian Unionide. 

Can. Record, 1895, pp. 365, 366. Sep- 
arate. 

*“WHITTEMORE, T.J. [Shells of Schuy- 
lers Lake, New York. ] 

Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1859, pp. 
150, 151. 

*WIEGMANN, A. Fr. AUGUST. In Archiv 
fiir Naturgeschichte, 1835-1840. 

WILiiaMs, J. W. A Tumour in the 
Fresh-water Mussel. 

Jour. Anat. Phys., 1889, pp. 306, 307. 

—— Land and Fresh-water Shells, etc., 
1889. 

“WILLIAMSON, W.C. Onthe Limestones 
of Manchester, London, and Edin- 
burgh. 

Philos. Mag., 1836, pp. 241-249, ete. 

Wirter, F. M. List of the Shells of 
Iowa. : 

Quart. Jour. of Conch., 1878, pp. 
385-394, 
*— Unio luteolus and its allied forms. 
Jour. of Conch., 1880, pp. 173-175. 

WOrEHRMANN, &. VON. Ueber die Syste- 
imatische Stellung der Trigoniden, 
ete. 

Jahrb. Geol. Reich., 1893, pp. 1-28, 2 
plates. 

WOHLBEREDT, O. Nachtrag zu dem 
Verzeichniss der im der Preussischen 
Oberlausitz, etc. 

Abh. Ges. Gorlitz, 1893, pp. 167-180. 


WOLF, JOHANN. Einige Beobachtungen 
tiber die Entenmiesmuschel My- 
tilus anatinus. 

Voigt?’s Mag., 1803, pp. 23-30. 

*Woop, 8. V. [Lacustrine Formations 
among the Tertiary Beds, etc. ] 

Mag. Nat. Hist., 1834, pp. 274, 275. 
*Woop, WILLIAM. Observations on the 
hinges of British Bivalve Shells. 

Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1802, pp. 
154-176. 

*——. General Conchology, etc., 1815, col- 
ored plates. 

*“—— Index Testaceologicus, etc., 1818; 
subsequent editions, 1825, supple- 
ment, 1828; 2,300 figs. Edited by 
Sylvanus Hanley, 1856. 


“Woop, WILLIARD M. [Japanese Ano- 
donta in San Francisco markets. ] 

Nautilus, 1892, pp. 51, 52. 

“Woop, W. M., and Raymonp, W. T. 
Mollusks of San Francisco. 

Nautilus, 1891, pp. 54-58. 

Woops, J. E. TENISON. On the Fresh- 
water Shells of Tasmania. 

Proc. Roy. Soc. Tasm., 1875, pp. 
66-82; Abstract in Jour. de Conch., 
1875, pp. 80-87, 203. 

—— On some new Marine Mollusca. 

Trans. Roy. Soc. Vict., 1881, pp. 80- 
83, plate. 

WoopDWarD, SAMUEL. 
Remains, 1830. 

*WooODWARD, SAMUELP. An outline of 
the Geology of Norfolk, 1833. 

*___ A Manual of the Mollusca, ete., 
1851-56. Several subsequent editions; 
also translated into French. 

—— Speke’s Journey in Africa. 

Blackwood’s Mag., November, 1859. 

*—— On some Fresh-water Shells from 
Central Africa. 

Ann. Nat. Hist., V, 1860, p. 337. 

“WRIGHT, BERLIN H. A new Unio from 

* Florida. 

Proc. Acad, Nat. Sci. Phila., 1883, 
p. 58, figs. 

Description of new species of Uni- 
ones from Florida. 

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1888, 
pp. 113-120, 5 plates. 

*— Check List of North American 
Unionide, etc., 1888. 

*—_ A new Florida Unio. 

Nautilus, V, 1892, pp. 124, 125. 

*___ The Unio muddle. 

Nautilus, VI, 1893, pp. 113-116. 

*—— Notes on Unio coruscus Gould. 

Nautilus, VI, 1893, pp. 126, 127. 


British Organic 


*—__ New Florida Unios. 

Nautilus, TX, 1896, pp. 121,122, plate. 
*—___ New American Unionide. 

Nautilus, IX, 1896, pp. 133-135. 
*—___ New Unios. 

Nautilus, XI, 1897, pp. 55, 56. 
*—__A New Undulate Unio from Alabama. 

Vautilus, XI, 1898, pp. 101, 102. 

*—__. Description of a New Unio. 


Nautilus, X1, 1898, pp. 111, 112. 
*_ New Varieties of Unionide. 

Nautilus, XI, 1898, pp. 123, 124. 
*___ New Unionide. 

Nautilus, XII, 1898, p. 5. 


998 


PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. 


VOL. XXII. 


*WRIGHT, BERLIN H. A New Unio. 
Nautilus, XII, 1898, pp. 32, 33. 


*____ A New Unio from Texas. 
Nautilus, X11, 1898, p. 93. 


*—__ New Southern Unios. 
Nautilus, XIII, 1899, pp. 6-8, 22, 23, 
31, 42-43, 50, 69, 89, 90., 1900. pp. 
138, 139. 


*“WRIGHT, S. Harr. A New Unio. 
West. Am. Scientist, 1888, p. 60, 
plate. 
*___. Unionide of G[eorgi]a, Ala[bama], 


S[outh] C[arolina], and L[ouisian Ja, 
in South Florida. 
Nautilus, TV, 1891, p. 125. 


* WRIGHT, S. Hart, and B.H. Notes on 
the Unionide of Southern Florida. 
Conch. Exchange, II, 1888, pp. 67, 
Gi, Jobb ali}, 


*____ Contributions to a knowlede of 
United States Unionide. 
Nautilus, X, 1897, pp. 1386-139; XI, 
1897, pp. 4, 5. 


* WYATT, THOMAS. 


* WYMAN, JEFFRIES. 


A Manual of Con- 
chology, etc., 1838, pp. 191, 36 plates. 

—— Synopsis of Natural History, etc., 
1849, 49 plates. 

Freshwater Shell- 
heaps of Florida. 

Am. Naturalist, 1869, pp. 393-403. 
—— Freshwater Shell Mounds on the 

St. John’s River, Florida. 

Mem. Peabody Acad., Salem, 1875, 
94 pp., 9 plates. 

YARROW, H.C. Report upon the collec- 
tions of Mollusca made in portions of 
Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and 
Arizona. 

In Report on Geog. and Geol. Sur- 
veys west of 100th Mer., V, 1875, by 
George M. Wheeler, pp. 923-954. 

YuNG, E. Relations de l’organe de Bo- 
janus chez les Mollusques lamelli- 
branches, etc. 

Arch. Sci. Nat., 1887, pp. 428, 429. 
ZIEGLER. Manuscripts, no date. 
ZIETEN. C.H.v., Die Versteincrungen 

Wiirtembergs, 1830-33, 12 parts, 72 
plates. 


INDEX TO SYNOPSIS OF THE NATADES. 


[Italicised figures, as 749, etc., are used to indicate the principal references. ] 


Abacoides (Unio) Haldeman............- 
Abacus (Margaron) Lea...........-----.- 
Atbacucn @2leunropema) eae seen ose see 
Abacus (Unio) Haldeman.......-..-..--- 
Abbevillensis (Margaron) Lea .-....--.-. 
Abbevilllensiss(Umio)) eal s252-24-5-255-4- 
Abbreviatus (Unio) Westerlund........-. 
Aiberrans| (Margaron) Lea----.......------ 
AN OCARNTS (pov) IOS ocoesocooseaeaconss 
Aberti (Cyprogenia) Conrad .......--.-- 

ADertin (Mang arom) sea ss— ey. \eeeaa= 
AN sient (Wiawt@)) Clombenol so eaagcancdasceose 
INTENTS: (WOO) IUCR) Bocscgnesecoouceoeesos 
Abnormis (Unio) Morelet.........--..--- 
Atbortivus) (Umio)) Heudes-4-25-.-s-29--5- 
IN oO (OhawlO)) SE\Sooncousossusseesoose 
Abyssinica (Nodularia) von Martens .... 
Abyssinicus (Unio) von Martens........- 
Acrorrhynchus (Unio) von Martens. ..-.- 
Actephilus (Unio) Bourguignat.....-.--- 
Atcuensi(@eleurobema)Muea eens ses eeia 
ACUI ((Oiot@)) JOP sooadeoodecocodsesoecoes 
Acuminata (Nodularia) H. Adams.....-. 
Acuminatus (Unio) H. Adams .........-- 
Acuticosta (Castalia) Hupé -.-......-.--- 
AXCUUMCORME, Sibanj oso — cesacososouucoosescos 
Acutirostris (Diplodon) Lea ......--.-.-- 
PNCULALOStTISH (UmiIO) pWUeaen ses ace eee 
Acutissimus (Margarita) Lea ...-...----- 
Acutissimus (Margaron) Lea.....-....-.- 
Acutissimus (Medionidus) Lea........... 
Acutissimus (Unio) Lea....--.-.........- 
Adansoni (Spatha) Jousseaume.......... 
Adansoni (Spathella) Jousseaume ....... 
Admirabilis (Cameronia) Bourguignat... 
/Egyptiaca (Nodularia) Cailliaud......-. 
fEgyptiacus (Margarita) Lea............. 
Aigyptiacus (Margaron) Lea....---.-..--. 


/Egyptiacus (Unio) Cailliaud ........ 820, 821, 822 


/Eneolus (Pseudodon) Drouet.........-.. 
ABIDES (AUVs) ICM cose se ocuseaseades 
/fquatus (Margaron) Lea.-.-............ 
ADS VEHHOG) (Whoo) IGA es cesascseagesdoosced 
/Equatoria (Nodularia) Morelet........-- 
/Hquatorius (Unio) Morelet .............. 
AGH) ((WsatO))) INGOs ssccecesccossgsosces 
Aeruginosus (Nephronaias) Morelet ..... 
Aeruginosus (Unio) Morelet .........-... 
Afsopus (Margarita) Lea .......-......-.- 
/Hsopus (Margaron) Lea ........-.......- 


=) 


lo) To 2) 
bo 


ra 
i=) 


2 


Page. 


Esopus (Pleurobema) Green....-....---- 509, 764 


FABSO ows) (Wfisul@))) (Enreeral — saoscaccadoccodces 


/Ethiopiformis (Unio) von Ihering .....- 894 
fathiops (Diplodon) Lea ..-......-....-.- 877 
fHithiops (Margaron) Lea.....--...--..-.- 877 
/Kthiops piricicabana (Diplodon) yon 
iiherins == Soe AS SEES ae Peewee see aae 877 
/Ethiops piricicabana (Unio) von Ihering. 877 
AR Woy as) (WiaWO))) IGE ssacosooocesecacadocde 877 
Aferula (Parreysia) Lea-.......:..-.-.--- 818 
Aferulus}(Margarom) Wear syes2) ssh ece a 848 
ANieAOULDIS) (ORM) JOE, -soagoccecousosocorss 848 
ANWibaVis) (IEA obs) ICE se socoseaeonesodece 537 
ATinisi(Margaron))) eames ceecsaan seen 537 
ASsiibavTs| (ia) TWAWCIO 3. Ssoncsocosacccaas 799 
Aim ays) (Ow) Ie. sae asaneacoococadsaueun 587 
ANIA AUIS (Vado) SOnEWOWo so socsoocescocuonce 531, 5384 
Africanus (Margaron) Lea....-.......-.- 825 
ANUBIS AMD) (IOhaMO)) LEE cancscaccasoacucedoe 825 
Agricolarum (Anodon) Heude.....-...-. 638 
Aheneus (Margaron) Lea ..-.-.----.-22.: 736 
FNS aero} (Wiad) IUCR, Soososcesacedesseasec 736 
Alabamensis (Lampsilis) Conrad .......- 57h 
Alabamensis (Margaritana) Lea ......... 619 
Alabamensis (Margaron) Lea.-..........- 619 
Alabamensis (Unio) Conrad ..--......... 574 
Alabamensis (Unio) Sowerby .-...-------- 619 
Alatan(Burtomia) Am cCeyeeeeeeesereeeeecre 904 
JNeniy (Oe hydie)) SOWA oo occocseckccoosuce 871 
Alata (Lymnadia) Swainson .......-.-.-- 567 
Alata (Metaptera) Stimpson ..-....---..-- 567 
ANE WIE) (MOBI) IUGR) o cconooseeabosaseaoaee 904, 
JMG hie (MAE) BANOS ssacuccadaaadnonoocae 567 
Alata (Mysea) Swainson ....-.--..----... 567 
Ale hie (2k abeks)) Ase) O25 48a eccaoospeeebunc 904 
Alata simpsoni (Mutela) von Martens ... 904 
leva, (Sioehdae)) Ie), sSoseosasosceaueaceone 904 
Alata(Symphynota) eas - 2-522... -2----- 567 
PAV atau @Wmi ©) slamanck tees scene c= 567 
Alatus (Lampsilis) Say.......-..---...--- 567, 678 
Alatus (Margarita) Lea...........-.--..- 567 
Alatus)(Margarom) sea asec ciece = eeee- 567 
Alatus poulsoni (Lampsilis§ Conrad ..... 568 
Alatus (Prisodon) Sowerby ...-..-------- S71 
/Nenaoks ((Ohabio)) SEhy ceosssoassoacuse 566, 567, 577, 581 
MlasmiGdomtarsayecseeencseccia see 506, 510, 514, 666 
AMlasmod oni Swalnsom 2. <2 -)1s)-etsiel ee reicjni= 666 
PAASMTOC OMba SAV en seers eer 666 
Alasmodontina (Complanaria) Stimpson. 663 
Agim @dlorn mings. b aoe scoscsepcgaooousn eed 501 


1000 INDEX. 
, Page. Page. 

Alasmodontinus (Unio) Peetel.........--. 663 | Angasi (Anodonta) Peetel ................ 893 
Aleroni (Unio) Companyo and Massot ... 686,699 | Angasi (Margaritana) Petel ............. 893 
Alexandri) (Umi0)) Kiobelt)s22e-s-2- sacs. 686 | Angasi (Unio) Sowerby ..-....:..----.--- 893 
Alfierianus (Unio) Bourguignat.......--- 861 | Angulata (Anodonta) Lea ..............-. 658 
Alienigenus (Lampsilis) Crosse and = || Anguilatal(Gonidea))lheaeeeeenssssseeeee 658 

Mischerie es aeroplane 572 | Angulata (Margarita) Lea ....... seeneaan 658 
Alienigenus (Unio) Crosse and Fis- Angulata (Margaron) Lea.............--- 658 

GHET ease SUE Cam sees aera mee eae o72 | Angulata (Mya) Wood ..........-.:.....- 869 
Aligera (Lepidodesma) Heude.......-.-- 587 | Angulatus (Margarita) Lea .............. 869 
Alta (Pleurobema) Conrad..........--..- 756 | Angusta subflava (Mya) Schroéter ........ 682 
Altilis (Lampsilis) Conrad .............-.- 529 | Angusta (Unio) Lamarck ..-..-....-..--- 744 
Al tilish (Man garita) bean eee sereee ere. 529 | Angustata (Anodonta) Clessin ........... 927 
AUUISK(Mancarom) Ue hace racer ereeee el 529 | Angustata (Iridina) Sowerby ............ 904 
JN Whi (Oia) (Crormb eel aocagccansassascose 529 | Angustata (Mutela) Sowerby ............ 904. 
ANMUUTE: (OLONO)) IRCEVAsccoacasecaasodascquses 532 | Angustatus (Margarita) Lea ............ te 71 
ANITAOES): (GMieny SE NRO) ILCs saodasosocaoasesous 756 | Angustatus (Margaron) Lea ...-.-..--... 731 
Altus (Wii) sConraditesessscer eee eee 796 | Angustatus (Unio) Lea.............-...-- 731 
Amabilis (Margaron) Lea.........--.-.-- 720 | Annulatus (Anodon) Sowerby ..------.-- 618 
INDE ong) (pao) IOCH; ve oucccsocasoaucecsod 720] | AnodoniOkeneerenee se eee eee eee er eeee 620 
Amazonensis (Anodonta) Lea......-...-- 928 | Anodonta (Bruguiere) Lamarck......... 501, 
Amazonensis (Glabaris) Lea ...-.......-- 928 506, 513, 514, 620, 658, 832, 919, 923 
Amazonensis (Margaron) Lea.......----.- 928 | Anodonta Valenciennes.-.-° 2222. 52222-2 931 
Ambifaria (Nodularia) von Martens -.... 823 | Anodonteeformis (Nodularia) Tapperone- 
Ambifarius (Unio) von Martens...-...... 828%) 2.  Caneirit tec. sieeassc cere eee een eeeee 818 
Ambigua (Alasmodonta) Say ...---..--.- 673 | Anodonteformis (Unio) Tapperone-Can- 
Ambigua (Castalia) Blainville.........-. 865 QPP es dae ue ce ue alae een eee ees 818 
Ambigua (Castalia) Lamarck.......-...- 8635668") MAMOdOmUeSKCUVICT Saas etae eee eeeeeeeeere 620 
Ambigua (Castalia) Sowerby .-..--.----- 864 | Anodontina (Unio) Lamarck ............ 855 
Aimbigua (Hemilastena) Say....-....-.-- 673 | Anodontine Swainson.......-....-.--..- 501 
Aybigua (Margaritana) Kuster........-- 673 | Anodontinus (Pseudodon) Rochebrune.. 840 
Ambigua (Mya) Wood.........-...------- 864 | Anodontites Bruguiere............---.-- . 620, 624 
Ambigua (Unio) Deshayes.....--....--.- 863 | Anodontoides floridensis (Lampsilis) 
Ambiguus (Diplodon)...........-.--...-- 874 1U Cas raaenanrensgopoDUosdeerHhsocduDote LAA 
Ambiguus (Tetraplodon) Sowerby .-.-.--- 863 | Anodontoides (Lampsilis) Lea..........- 54,3, 544 
Ambiguus (Unio) Philippi.....--.....-.. 891 | Anodontoides (Margarita) Lea ....-....--. 543 
Amblamodon Rafinesque .........-.-...- 673 | Anodontoides (Margaron) Lea....-....-- 543 
Amethystus (Anodon) Sowerby....--.---- 929 | Anodontoides Simpson.....--.------- 906, 514, 658 
Amnicus (Unio) Rossmiissler.........-.-- 698 | Anodontoides (Unio) Lea.......-..-- 903, 509, 548 
Ameoenus (Lampsilis) Lea ....--...-..-.-- 555 | Anodontoides (Unio) Reeve...-..-.:-.--- 544- 
Amoenus (Margaron) Lea ......---:-..--- 5dp el AMOCdONtOpSis Sim psonlee sere ceereree 658- 
/ANsaoKoevolbis){(\Upowke))) IUCEy Sea sasedsaeoscdsandoop 555 | Anserina (Margarita) Lea.......--.------ 924- 
Amphichenus (Lampsilis) Frierson ..... 575 | Anserina (Margaron) Lea................ 924 
Amphicheenus (Unio) Frierson ....--.... 575 | Anserinus (Anodon) Spix........---.-..- 924 
Am plus) (Wimi oO) Mwealtesasseeciscsecereeeeeee 724 , Anserirostris (Anodonta) Kuster ........ 625- 
Ampullaceus (Diplodon) Lea ............ 87 | Anthonyi (Margaron) Lea..........-.-.- 708- 
Ampullaceus (Margaron) Lea.......-....- SEE | Not ovoyonyal (istic) ILE) Soccosasscocccocusss 708- 
Ampullaceus (Unio) Lea......-.22.-..%.- 874 | Antiniloticus (Unio) Bourguignat .....-.- 861- 
Amygdalonaias Crosse and Fischer ...-.. 604 | Antiochianus (Unio) Locard............- 689 
Amygdalum (Lampsilis) Lea ...-......-- 561,562 | Antrosa (Amblema) Rafinesque ......-.- 744 
Amygdaium (Margaron) Lea ..-......-.. 561 | Aperta (Anodonta) Rafinesque -........- 933 
Amy odalume (WinioO)) Mea seesesss cee eases 561,569 | Apicinus (Lampsilis) Lea .........-...... 551 
Anataria (Spatha) Jickeli....-........:.- 902 | Apicinus (Margaron) Lea ...........--.-- 551- 
Anaticulus (Margaron) Lea............-. 7022 wApreinus! (Unio) eases eee eee eeeee dol 
INakehaowVlis (Whiadwko)) ILE soo e ee guceusuauosee 752 | Apicellatus (Ptychorhynchus) Heude.... 851 
Anatina (Anodonta) Draparnaud.......- 626 | Apicellatus (Unio) Heude........ eee 851 
Anatinus (Anodonta) Sowerby.....-...-. 648 | Apiculata (Quadrula) Say-.--.-..-.=----- 778 
Anatinus (Mytilus) Linneeus......-...--. 625 | Apiculatus asper (Unio) Pzetel........--- 776 
Anceps (Nodularia) Deshayes.........-..- 814 | Apiculatus (Margarita) Lea...........-.- 778 
Anceps (Unio) Deshayes ---.-..-.-.-...- 814 | Apiculatus (Margaron) Lea......-..-.--- 778 
Anceyi (Brazzea) Bourguignat.......... 906,907 | Apiculatus (Unio) Lea ...--......------.- 778 
Anceyi (Cameronia) Bourguignat ......- 909 | Aplatus (Diplodon) Reeve........----.-- 881 
Anceyi (Grandidieria) Bourguignat ..... 829. | Aplatus (Unio) Reeves... 2- =. a-eea-n eee 881 
Anceyi (Moncetia) Bourguignat ........- 901) AplodoniSpixeteee=-eeeeee eee eee eseceeee 910 
Anceyi (Spatha) Bourguignat..........-. 898,901 | Apollonica (Anodonta) Bourguignat.... 648 
Andersonensis (Unio) Lea ...-....-....-- 747s) Appius beaCheeraereseeeer cereeee teeters 583 
Andersonianus (Unio) Nevill .......-..--- 812 | Appressa (Pleurobema) Lea......-------- 749 


INDEX. 1001 
Page. Page. 
PAM GESSUS(Umi1O)) Weaee ee eieeie-teretelsie = 749 | Arietina (Chelidonopsis) Rochebrune.... 906 
Apprimus (Diplodon) Lea..........------ 885 | Arkansasensis (Anodonta) Lea ........-- 617 
Apprimus (Margaron) Lea...........---- 874 | Arkansasensis (Lampsilis) Lea........--- 557 
ANjoyoribaayatsy (Wowie) IU bee sososeasoeesoses 874 | Arkansasensis (Strophitus) Conrad ...--. 617 
Approximus (Lampsilis) Lea.......-..---- 537 | Arkansasensis (Unio) Lea....----...----- 557 
Approximus (Margaron) Lea.....-.-.---- 537 | Armatus (Mycetopus) Heude .......-.... 656 
ANjajoroparnen ots} (Wao) IUCE ee SeoeeoneecEobe BBi7/ ||) ARO DENBY (lUhouke)) (Corenpiel | Soeeacoseecases 545 
Aquilus (Margaron) Lea .-....-..--.--.-- (2 eASCian (Unio) Elan Cyeeecseeese se seee aa 861 
AAG WUNTS (OpswO)) IEE Abo eoascosseeoseeaeees 727 | Askewi (Quadrula) Marsh ............--- 735, 786 
Aradess (Umno) Philip pies asses eee = 683 | Askewi (Unio) Marsh ...:-.....-..-.--..- 786 
Araneosa (Zaira) Rochebrune --..-..-..--- 862 | Aspatharia Bourguignat ..........-.--.-- 901 
PARAL US (Mar raArO Mn) edema eeeeeer cia (44  Asper (Marg anita) ueaieenass se ease eee eee 776 
JNTENTS ((Whert@)) Clormhe:\6looeaseesssaeoosesees 706 | Asper (Margaron) Lea ..--..-----.------- 776 
ANWDITUS (What) Ieee socosesseeessesoccosee (He, ||: INGjorere: (Oho vobewule))) Ibeeie Aaa a aecesoeeSase 776 
Araucanus (Margaron) Lea ...--.....---. SISO) || ANgioere (Wioht@))) GER), se occesncosuaccouoscnseo 776 
Araucanus (Unio) Philippi .............-. 880 | Asperatus (Margaron) Lea..........-.--- 780 
Arceformis (Anodonta) Heude ......-.-. GiTaeASperaitusy CUMI1O) MCA seats ae eerie 780 
Areczeformis (Margarita) Lea......--....-.- 519 | Asperrimus (Margarita) Lea ............. 7717 
Areseformis (Margaron) Lea .....-.--.-.- 519 | Asperrimus (Margaron) Lea ..........--- 777 
Arezeformis (Truncilla) Lea.:.........-.-- 519 | Asperrimus (Unio) Lea ......-...------.- 777 
Aree LOnMI Ss (UO) Weaken tsa nella 519 | Asperula (Nodularia) Lea ..........---.- 81h, 
ATOIGEaAG Stay Nol so aoaeaacoaaseecoace 506, 514,661 | Asperulus (Margaron) Lea.......-.--...-. 814 
FACIGCOPSIS| SUM PSOM mee eerier eee HUG holo S61.) Alsperuiias: (Unio) Weais ees seen ela 814 
ArconaiaComra den eene rea esne Hee 506, 515, 580,859 | Astierianus (Unio) Dupuy.-.-....-..--.--.- 692 
Arctatus (Margarita) Lea ...........-...- lg) ZNiwere((WBhablo) ECE seasoocke dussosscocsaecne 568 
Arctatus (Margaron) Lea ....--.- ena saes (alia We Aterk (Unio) Nil ssonys-sea-eee eee eee eee 697 
Arctatus tortivus (Unio) Lea............. 720 | ANuere (haute) 1GVen Ae) semen spascadsoacedcasco 692 
ANTECHEM DIS) (iano) ClooneVelo ee easencosesccors pe ee Actrarcas (WM10)P Swim SOM eee eee rice se 881 
ATC LAGS (UNTO) HeTUSSa Cee )=tr=jeee/a\e-iel-i-1 OLS eAtira tay (Wm10) ES waimsonessseas-e mere eerie 574 
Arenlor (Margarita) Wean ia cc. -snleise « 704 | Atratus (Unio) Sowerby-..2-----2..5---<5 881 
Archon (Miargaron)) Wear ese erica eq loae 704 | Atrocostatus (Margaron) Lea ...-.-...-.. 768 
ANseottilone ((WhavlO)) IUe2) Coc jedconbadoecensebe O45 Ato costatusi (Umi o) pease ais eerste 768 
Arcuata (Alasmodonta) Barnes ....--.--. 676 | Atrocostatus (Umio) Reeve... 2.2.2.2... 5: 771 
Arcuata (Anodonta) Hupé ........-.--.-- 915 | Atrocostatus (Unio) Sowerby..-...-.------ 769 
Arcuata (Iridina) Potiez and Michaud .. 899 | Atromarginatus (Margaron) Lea.......-- 706 
Arcuata (Margarita) Lea..........--.-... 899 | Atromarginatus (Plectomerus) Conrad... 706 
Arcuata (Margaritana) Stimpson ........ 676 | Atromarginatus (Unio) Lea......:...---- 706 
Arcuata (Margarom) lea .......-2..-.--.-- 899 | Atropurpureum (Alasmodon) Rafinesque. 672 
ATOM, (Miyep) IBEWOMIS > coaoesessacbucene 676 | Atroviolacea (Obliquaria) Rafinesque.... 744 
Arcuata (Spatha) Cailliaud .............. 899 | Atrovirens (Anodonta) Philippi-...--.--- 624, 93: 
Arcuatus (Mycetopus) Fischer.........--. 656 | Atrovirens (Unio) Rossmassler.......--.- 698 
Arcula (Alasmidonta) Lea ....-....-...-- 672 | Attenuata (Anodonta) Held...........-.- 623 
Arcula (Alasmodonta) Clessin......-..--- 672 | Attenuata (Obliquaria) Rafinesque ....-- 744 
Arcula (Baphia) H. and A. Adams.....-. 672) | eAttenuatus | (Umio) icamess= seers eres 736 
Arcula (Margaritana) Lea.......-.--...-- 672 | Aubreyi (Anodon) Heude...-.-....--.---. 639 
Arcuilan(Marearom))) Tea 2.52 92 2-2 =~ - 672 | Aucklandica (Unio) Gray ....-...-..----- 889 
Arse@ouley (han) 1stewMENZ soe eeoaseaccspadece 672 | Aucklandicus (Margaron) Lea —........-. 889 
Arcust (Mars aritay suedeererrn sce teessre 704 | Aurata (Anodonta) Kuster..........2.--- 637 
ANOLE (MEME N CONN) IVE) Sosunseceseseesooes 704 | Auratus (Margarita) Lea................. 880 
ANIROWIS: ({Wratko)) (Cloumeaoloe sosceccomsnosesses 704} Auratus (Margaron) Lea.......-....--.-- 880 
Ardusianus (Unio) Moquin-Tandon...-.. 686m eAtaraihusy (Wii oO) Kester: ae nsee ee mei selearele 883 
Arealis (Anodonta) Kuster.........-...-- 625) eAuratus) (Unio) Pihulippies see. a. ears 880 
Arelatensis (Anodonta) Dupuy .-...-.--.- GOL |p Aivoey ores (Wienke) 1exenes cadnaconeqoaeecoccs 881 
Aremprosthus (Unio) Locard............. 689 | Auratus (Unio) Sowerby .....--.---.----- 881 
Areolatus (Anodon) Sowerby...--.--.--- 925 | Aurea (Margaritana) Petel.............- 836 
Areolatus (Anodon) Swainson .........-- GIG eAtumear(@wadmuilay) leas ee se perettael eller 783 
Argentea (Anodonta) Lea ..........-..-- 659 | Aureus (Anodonta) Peetel........-.-.--.- 648 
Argentea (Margaron) Lea....--.-.--.---- 659 | Aureus (Diplodon) Simpson..-........---- 883 
Argentea pannosa (Pleurobema) Simpson 763 | Aureus (Margaron) Lea...-...-..-------- 783 
Argentea (Pleurobema) Lea.......----.-.- 760,763 | Aureus (Pseudodon) Heude....-....----- 836 
Argenteus (Margaron) Lea..-...-....-..-- NGSmlpeNumeuss (Unio) wWuea ens near leeere eee aris 783 
Argenteus (Strophitus) Conrad .......-.-- 659 | Auricularius (Unio) Spengler......-.----. 676, 678 
ATS enceusk(Um1O) Geass eeeece eer ecee AOR. || Aavarores Sibsasoove sc sesoceseosocboocbecoacc 849 
Argenteus (Unio) Sowerby...-..---.----- 749 | Aurorea (Parreysia) Heude..........---- 849 
Argyratus (Lampsilis) Rafinesque.....-.- 577 | Auroreus (Unio) Heude..........-...-.-- 849 
Arietina (Chelidonura) Rochebrune..... 906 | Australis (Diplodon) Lamarck ....-.-...- 890, 891 


1002 INDEX. 

Page. Page. 
Australis (Hyridella) Swainson .....-..-- 891 | Batava (Mysea) Turton ....-...-......... 696 
Australis (Lampsilis) Simpson ......-.--- 544 | Batavi (Unio) Rossmiissler............... 697 
Australis legrandi (Diplodon) Petterd -.. 891 | Batavus (Margarita) Lea................. 697 
Australis (Margarita) Lea ....-.........-. 891 | Batavus (Margaron) Lea.............-..- 697 
Australis (Margaron) Lea ..........------ 891 | Batavus (Unio) Maton and Rackett.....- 513, 
Auustralis\(Unio)pHamleyeeessss=-e eee ee 890 675, 677, 678, 681, 691, 696, 697 
Aistralisi (Unio) Kuster eees ser seen eae 890 | Baumanni (Spatha) Sturany -............ 899 
Australis (Unio) Lamarck.........-.----- 888 | Bazini (Quadrula) Heude.............--. 800 
Aya (Monocondylea) Theobald.....-.---- 83 Jey vawovl (Wp) ISIGWC ococcnconcoosuesosec 800 
Aya (Pseudodon) Theobald ......-.------ 839 | Beadleiana (Quadrula) Lea ........-.-.-. 784, 786 
Avellana (Pleurobema) Simpson.....-.-- 758 | Beadleianus (Margaron) Lea...-.-..-.--- 786 
Averillii (Unio) B. H. Wright...........--. 560 | Beadleianus (Unio) Lea........-.-..-.... 785 
Averyi (Nephronaias) Lea ..........----- 593 | Bealei (Anodonta) Lea........-..--.----- 64h 
ASyereval (Oia) WEEK coat esceccpemaeonesose 093) | Bealeig@iarganom) Wears eee es see eee eee 564, 645 
Avicularis (Hyria) Lamarck .......-.---- Sal ||, sekeewlent ((IOfiouko)) OCH, soodecccsssa Bs Dees 564 
Avicularis (Unio) Deshayes....-.-.------ 871 | Beaverensis (Margaron) Lea............- 724 
Avicularis var. b. (Hyria) Lamarck....-... 870)" Beayerensisy (Unio) Wea nee aeee eee 724 
Ayonensis (Anodonta) Moquin-Tandon.. 622 | Beccarianus (Unio) Tapperone-Canefri .. 851, 852 
Avonensis (Mytilus) Montagu .....-.---- 622 | Beccarianus (Virgus) Tapperone-Canefri. 852 
Avonensis (Mytilus) Turton ......-...--- 622), |; Bedmulllis (Unio) iMateseesseeeeeeeeeeereee 891 
PASIACUIS) (Wla1O) uOCATCeneasas saaeeae teens 689 | Bellamyi (Nodularia) Jousseaume .-..--.. 822 
Aztecorum (Lampsilis) Philippi.........- 672 | Bellamyi (Pharaonia) Jousseaume....... 822 
Aztecorum (Margaron) Lea...--...-..... 572 | Bellamyi (Spatha) Jousseaume .......... 896 
Aztecorum (Unio) Philippi .............. 572 | Bellua (Anodonta) Morelet .............. 584 
Badium (Alasmodon) Rafinesque.-...--.. 673) 4) Bellual(Cristaria) Morele tees seeeee sees 58h 
BaGdius) (Unio) PKoOkelieeees sees e eee 699) eB ellwlus| (Unio) plea ieeesss- seer eee eereee 746, 747 
Bagdadensis (Margaron) Lea .....--.---- 822 | Benedictensis (Anodonta) Ferussac....-. 644 
Bagdadensis (Nodularia) Bourguignat.-.. 822 | Benedictensis (Margarita) Lea..........- 644 
Bagdadensis (Unio) Bourguignat .....-... 822 | Benedictensis (Margaron) Lea .......--.. 644 
Bahiensis (Anodonta) Kuster....-...---- 925 | Benedictensis (Symphynota) Lea.....-.- 644 
Bahiensis (Glabaris) von Ihering ........ 925 | Benedictii (Anodonta) Latchford ......-.. 644 
Baikii (Spatha) H. Adams ......-...-...- 902.| Benedictii (Margaron) Lea............--- 644 
Bairdianus (Margaron) Lea-....-..--.--.. 563 | Bengalensis (Anodon) Sowerby..--..-..- 832 
Bairdianus (Unio) beass-2--2----- + -.- = 563 | Bengalensis (Margarita) Lea............. 832 
Bakeri (Parreysia) H. Adams...-...-.---- 846 | Bengalensis (Margaron) Lea............. 832 
Bakeri (Unio) H. Adams...............-- 846 | Bengalensis (Unio) Lea .........-..-..--- $82 
Bakeri (Unio) von Martens ..........-..- 846 | Bensoni (Margaron) Lea.........-......- 656 
Bakoyi (Nodularia) Rochebrune.....--.. 824, | Bensonianus (Mycetopus) Peetel ......... 656 
Bakoyi (Unio) Rochebrune ....-.---.-..- 824 | Bergi (Anodonta) von Ihering ...--.....- 933 
Baldwinensis (Margaron) Lea ......-..-- 723 | Beringiana (Anodonta) Middendorff .... 584, 628 
Baldwinensis (Unio) Lea ......---.-..--- 723 | Berlandieri (Lampsilis) Lea...........--- 570. 
Baletonicus (Unio) Kuster ..-............ 683 | Berlandieri (Margaron) Lea.....-...-..-- 570 
Balonnensis (Unio) Conrad ..........-... 891 | Berlandieri (Unio) Lea ...-......-.-.222- 570 
Balzani (Fossula) von Ihering -.....-.-.. 914 | Beskeanus (Diplodon) Dunker....-...-.. 875 
Balzani (Iheringella) von Ihering -...... 914 | Beskeanus (Margaron) Lea .........-.--- 875 
Balzani (Plagiodon) von Ihering ...--... 914 | Beskeanus (Unio) Dunker ..:_........-.. 875 
Bambousearum (Anodon) Morelet....... 930 | Bhamoensis (Parreysia) Theobald ...-... 843 
Bambousearum (Glabaris) Morelet ...--. 930 | Bhamoensis (Unio) Theobald ..........-. 843 
BAG (Umi oO) PKeUstereee eee ee sees te 698 | Bialata (Barbala) Chenu .-......-..-.-.-- 584 
Bandinii (Unio) Rossmissler......-....-- 686 | Bialata (Symphynota) Lea..........-...- o84 
Baphia H.and A. Adams ....-.-......... 674) -Bialata)(Umio) Hanleyaesse see esseee eee 584 
iBaphicwMeuschenteseaese esses ee ee 674 | Bialatus (Hyriopsis) Simpson .....--.-.-- 579 
BarbalaraumphreySenseeeee sae sees 501,583 | Biangulata (Anodon) Sowerby....----..- 658 
Barbata SOweL Over ce oe eee eae eee ee 583 | Biangulatus (Lampsilis) Lea..........--- 533 
DotA ONO har GU o ota sana naraanoosee aaa sae 861 | Biangulatus (Margaron) Lea............. 533 
Barnesiana (Pleurobema) Lea........--.- 761 |) Biangulatus) (Umio) eases essa asset 533 
Barnesianus (Margarita) Lea ............ fol | Bi-caelatus (Unio) PReeves eee s seer eeees 548 
Barnesianus (Margaron) Lea.........-..- 751 | Bicolor (Unio) Rafinesque -......-.------- 744 
Barnesianus) (Unio) measesass-n ese ose 751 | Biemarginata (Truncilla) Lea ........... 52h. 
Barrandii (Unio) Dupuy ..------.------.- 692 | Biemarginatus (Margaron) Lea ......-.--- 524 
Barrattii (Margaron) Lea -......-....-.-- 726 | Biemarginatus (Unio) Lea ..........-.--- 524 
Barra thin (Unio) gdieayaenssseeeee eee eees 726 | Biesiana (Parreysia) Heude...........-.- 850 
Barrotti: (Unio) skeusterseeseeereeeceeea a= 735 | Biesianus (Unio) Heude .............--.- 850 
Barrottis (Unio) sesetel teres sse see cae 726 | Bigbyana (Pleurobema) ........-----.--- 760 
Basalish(Wnio) pba csseee see aac 724 | Bigbyensis (Pleurobema) Lea........---. 751 
Batava (Mya) Maton and Rackett ....... 696 | Bigbyensis (Margaron) Lea .....-..-..... 752 


INDEX. 1003 


Page. 
Bigbyensis (Unio) Lea .....-...---------- 7a1 
Bigerrensis (Unio) Millet -............... 692 
Bigibba (Anodon) Heude............-..- 638 
Bigorrensis (Unio) Locard.........---...- 692 
Bilineata (Margarita) Lea..........----.- 855 
Bilineata (Symphynota) Lea..........--- 855 
Bilineatus (Margaron) Lea.-.-......-.---- 855 
Bilineatus (Unio) Hanley............-..- 855 
Billotianus (Unio) Charmes-..--.......-- 847 
Biloba (Epilobasma) Rafinesque......--. 744 
BINGURUSHO MM SOMES see eyaee ee eioe selec 839 
Binnmeya (Diplodon) Weass. 4. css s-- 878 
Binneyie(Margsarom)) Wears. secnac- 0-1-1 878 
Binmeyas (Wm1O) ewes cacaeee eaten cae 878 
Binominatus (Lampsilis) Simpson -..-...-. 528 
Birmanus (Unio) Hanley and Theobald . 845 
Bischoffi (Unio) von Ihering............. 894 
Bissellianus (Margaron) Lea.....--....--. 743 
Bisselliiaaisy (WimI1O) | Weasels ral a= Th3 
Biwe (Nodularia) Kobelt ......--...---2- 810 
lerhye® (Wiewlo)) IXC OC GdosasausosecusenacEe 810 
Blainvilleana (Anodon) Sowerby..-.---- 924 
Blainvilleana (Anodonta) Lea........--- 914, 915 
Blainvilleana (Columba) Clessin ....--..- 915 
Blainvilleana, (Heila) Lea-..--:2-5------- 915 
Blainvilleana (Margarita) Lea........-.. 915 
Blainvilleana (Margaron) Lea........--- 915 
Blandianus (Margaron) Lea ....--.------ 779 
Blan ciamusy (Wmio) Wea eceae se aeclecea 778 
Blandingianus (Margarita) Lea........-. 742 
Blandingianus (Margaron) Lea .-....-.--- 742 
Blandingianus (Unio) Lea ........---.--- 742 
iBleaverensisi(WUmio)Pesetel seeeee see 724 
Bloyeti (Spatha) von Martens ......-.-.--. 898 
Bloyeti (Spathella) Bourguignat.......-.. 898 
Bohmi (Nodularia) von Martens......... 823 
Bohmi (Unio) von Martens ....--......-. 823 
1sxov ht (imho) Chl scokeoaoseceousebesuesuacd 783 
Bonelli (Anodon) Sowerby .......-..---- 654 
Bonelli (Leguminaia) Westerlund -....-. 654 
Bonelli (Margaritana) Kobelt...-.....--. 654. 
Bonelli (Microcondylea) Clessin ....-.-. 654 
Bonelli (Microcondylus) Drouet .......-. 654 
Bonelli (Unio) Rossmassler -..........-.- 653 
Bonellii (Baphia) H.and A. Adams .....- 653 
Bonellii (Margarita) Lea...........-.-... 653 
Bonellini(Margaron)) Wears. 2-. ss ssseee 653 
Bonneaudi (Margaron) Lea .......-.....- 814 
Bonneaudi (Nodularia) Eydoux ....-..--. 813 
Bonneaudi (Unio) Eydoux..-............. 813 
Bonplandi (Unio) Valenciennes ......... 884 
Borealis (Lampsilis) Gray..........-.---- 585 
1siOIRSHU LIS ((\WtebKO))) EsehYsgaacdecoccsoocssades 535 
Borellii (Nodularia) Ancey ..........---- 823 
Borel (Unio) FAM Ceyjeace- sees eee SRE 823 
Borneensis (Ctenodesma) Issel......-..:- 853 
Borneensis (WUmio)) Issel -222 5222-2 -42--2- 852, 853 
Bourguignati (Brazzea) Bourguignat.... 907 
Bourguignati (Burtonia) Bourguignat... 578 
Bourguignati (Cameronia) Bourguignat - 909 
Bourguignati (Chambardia) ............-. 902 
Bourguignati (Grandidieria) Joubert .... 829 
Bourguignati (Leguminaia) Locard ..... 6951 
Bourguignati (Mutela) Bourguignat..... 904, 
Bourguignati (Pharaonia) Rochebrune. . 821 
Bourguignati (Pleiodon) Bourguignat... 909 


Page. 
Bourguignati (Pseudospatha) Bourgui- 

OMAG ete Heelocicare aera Hee a SER Sree Sanne 578 
Bourguignati (Spatha) Bourguignat..... 898 
Bourguignati (Spathella) Bourguignat .. 898 
Bourguignati (Unio) Landran ........... 821 
Bourguignatianus (Margaron) Lea ...... 687 
Bourguignatianus (Unio) Lea............ 687 
Bournianus (Margaron) Lea ............. TAT 
Bournianus (Pleurobema) Lea........... TLV 
Bournianus) (Unio), Leae-2----.2----2--.-- 747 
IsxOUHyeiat ((Oabko)) Whale ce oceoeceogecdsaGs 814 
Boydianus (Margaron) Lea .............-. 536 
TSO NShEH AUOIS) (Wha) IVEHSebdecaosooces scone 536 
Boykiniana (Quadrula) Lea.........-.... 770 
Boykinianus (Margaron) Lea............ 770 
Boykinianus (Plectomerus) Conrad...-.- 770 
Boykimiamusy (Unio) Weaeas: esses eee 770 
Bracteatus (Lampsilis) Gould...........-. 543 
Bracteatus (Margaron) Lea ...-......-..-. 543 
Bracteatus| (Umi ©) (Gould eese arse eser ses 543 
Brandti (Anodonta) Drouet.......-..-.-.- 648 
Brandtii (Nodularia) Kobelt............. 810 
JayRaChadl((Ohailo)) ION Sepsasescoesaccosp 810 
Brazosensis (Margaron) Lea .........-..- 768 
iBrazoOsensisy (Unio) sWeadeesseee aes aeee ene 768 
Brazzea Bourguignat ._...........--- 506, 515, 906 
Brevialisi(Umio) i Crouchee sense. seen eee 792 
Brevialis (Unio) Lamarck..:.........-... 691 
Brevialis (Unio) Sowerby ..:-......--.--- 602 
Breviculus brittsi (Lampsilis) Simpson .. 533 
Breviculus (Lampsilis) Call............:-. 533 
JsREnAKOLUHLKS (habia) CENN s cocaadadcaasasene 533 
Brevidens (Margarita) Lea.............-- 517 
Brevidens (Margaron) Lea ..-..-....-.... 517 
Brevidens (Truncilla) Lea..............- Be 
IBrevidenss (Wm10) bearer eases eee 517 
IBTeVALOStris) (UNIO) Kuster = seen soseeeeeae 700 
Brevis (Anodon) Sowerby.....-.-...----.- 32 
Brevis (Pleurobema) Lea.........--2-...- 763 
Brevis subelliptica (Pleurobema) Simpson 763 
IRSA (Wha) USE saoasdsoesascssoacoases 763 
Bridgesii (Anodonta) Lea.......--.-..--- 926 
Bridgesiin(Glabaris) Mucameesseeeeeeeeters 26 
Bridgesii (Margaron) Lea.......---...... 927 
Bridouxi (Brazzea) Bourguignat......-. 907 
Bridouxi (Burtonia) Bourguignat......-. 578 
Bridouxi (Cameronia) Bourguignat ..... 909 
Bridouxi (Moncetia) Bourguignat ...-..-.. 901 
Bridouxi (Mutela) Bourguignat........-.. 903 
Bridouxi (Unio) Bourguignat.........--. 861 
Brimleyi (Unio) S. H. Wright -.........-. 720 
Brittsi (Lampsilis) Simpson.........--..-. BBB 
Broti (PRarreysia) Deshayes =... -2.5.22-2- 847 
Brot (Uno) ED eshayesseeneaseseeee seers 847 
Browniana (Triquetra) H.and A. Adams. 872 
Brownianus (Margarita) Lea............. 871 
Brownianus (Margaron) Lea........-:.--- 872 
Brownianus (Prisodon) Lea..........-..-. S71 
Brownianus (Unio) Lea................-. 871 
Brownil (Diplodon) Lea ...........--..--- S76 
Brownii (Margaron) Lea .......-..--..--. 876 
BLO WAG (Wn1O) UCAS sacle s ee eee eee eee 87 
Bruguierianus (Margaron) Lea.......----. 694 
Bruguierianus (Unio) Bourguignat ...-.. 694 
Brumbyana (Pleurobema) Lea........--. 760 
Brumbyanus (Margaron) Lea ....---..--- 760 


1004 


Brumbyanus (Unio) Lea ..........--.-.-- 
Brumleyanus (Unio) Lea...--...-.--..--- 
Buchanensis (Anodonta) Lea........--.. 
Buchanensis (Margarita) Lea ....--..---. 
Buchanensis (Margaron) Lea ........-... 
Buckleyi (Margaron) Lea .......,.....--.- 
Buckleyi orcutti (Unio) S. H. Wright .... 


Buckleyi (Unio) Lea ......... 504, 712, 713, 


Buddianus (Margaron) Lea .......-.---.-- 
Buddianus) (Unio) Plea saeee see. sees a 
Bulbosa (Pleurobema) Lea......-...--.-- 
Bulbosus (Margaron) Lea....--..--------- 
Bulloosus: (Unio) Muea setae e eet oetepelciee 
Bullata (Obliquaria) Rafinesque -......-. 
Bullatus prasinus (Unio) Peetel.....-....- 
Bullatus schoolecraftensis (Unio) Peetel... 
Bullatus|(Umio)iConradsees sesso cee 
BullellagSimpsoneseses secre cer eee eee ee. 
Bulloides (Diplodon) Lea .........---.--. 
Bulloides (Margaron) Lea........-------- 
‘Bullordes!@Umio) Peas saese eee eee cee 
Bulloideus Simpson yesecee rae see ee eeee 
Burkensis (Margaron) Lea...--..-------- 
Burkensis)(UWmI1O) Mea ees. ccccne asec 
Burmanus (Parreysia) Blanford...-...... 
Burmanus (Unio) Blanford ...-...-.--..- 
Burroughiana (Anodonta) Chenu........ 
Burroughiana (Anodonta) Lea....--....- 
Burroughianus (Diplodon) Lea ...--...... 
Burroughianus (Margarita) Lea....-....- 
Burroughianus (Margaron) Lea.-.-.....--. 
Burroughianus (Unio) Lea..............- 
Bursa-pastoris (Quadrula) B. H. Wright. 
Bursa-pastoris (Unio) B. H. Wright....--. 
Burtchianus (Unio) §. H. Wright...-...-.- 
Burtoni (Grandidieria) Woodward ....... 
Burtoni insignis (Grandidieria) Bourguig- 

ITC ae RAD RSE OO SSBB CRS Tors a Sen eeee 


Burton (Margarom) bea: 2-222 esccos see 
Burtoni servainiana (Grandidieria) Bour- 

UND TN eh GN apa ota Sea ae 
Burtoni servainiana (Unio) von Martens. 
Burtoni smithi (Unio) von Martens...... 
Burtoni sturanyi (Grandidieria) yon Mar- 


Burtoni sturanyi (Unio) von Martens.... 
Butomig (W010) Smiths seee seen eee: 
Burtoni (Unio) Woodward ............... 
Burtonia Bourguignat................2... 
Buschiana (Monodontina) Conrad....... 
Buxeusi(largarom)Wweaeeenesessceseceece 
ISSUE) (haw) UCL cacogaudsaseadcuouuste 
Buxtoni (Unio) B. H. Wright....:........ 
Bythinicus (Unio) Kobelt................ 
IBiyssSanOd Oma aese see eee ee eee ee eas 
Cacaon (Margao) Wea ees sees sce 
(CEKGENO), (Whablo))) We) aa ar Gudodaoecbacodcesese 
Celata (Micromya) Conrad .............. 
Cela tira ase epee ee etn sen Ns Ase soi 


Celatus (Margarita) Lea....-............ 
Celatus (Margaron) Lea ................. 
Cxlatus (Unio) Comrades sessee eee 
Cerulea (Nodularia) Lea......-..-.-..-.. 
Ceeruleus (Margarita) Lea................ 


INDEX. 

Page. Page. 
760 | Ceeruleus (Margaron) Lea ...............- 811 
760 | Ceeruleus (Mycetopus) Heude............ 656 
659s Cceruleusi(Umio) sbearsases esse eeeeeeeeee 811 
659 | Caffer africana (Nodularia) Lea.......... 825 
6595)" Catter (Mare aron)Pleaeenas-aseepeeeaeere 825 
713 | Caffer (Nodularia) Krauss......... ...... 824, 825 
(ass || Cenawese ((WhoWo)) gM. oecocsasScoososedcc 824, 825 

719,857 | Caffer vaalensis (Nodularia) Chaper ..... $25 
TSW | CATE TIA STAD SO Meee sees ee eee 82h, 
713 | Cahabensis (Quadrula) Lei .-.....-.-...- 782 
759 | Cahabensis (Unio) Lea................-.- 782 
759 | Caillaudi (Spatha) von Martens.......... 896 
709 | Cailliaudii (Anodonta) Lea.........-...- 918 
744 | Cailliaudii (Margarita) Lea.............. 812 
779 | Cailliaudii (Margaron) Lea ....:.......-. 812, 918 
780 | Caipira (Diplodon) yon Ihering.......... 877 
779 | Caipira (Unio) von Ihering .............. 877 
672 | Calathus (Nodularia) Bourguignat...._.. 82h, 
887 | Calathus (Unio) Bourguignat ............ 824 
887 | Calceola (Alasmidonta) Lea.............. 667, 668 
887 | Calceola (Baphia) H. and A. Adams..... 668 
887 | Calceola (Margarita) Lea .........2...... 668 
730 | Calceola (Margaritana) Kuster........... 668 
730 | Calceola (Margaron) Lea................. 668 
845 | Calceolus (Strophitus) Conrad ........... 668 
845) 5) Callceolus\(Umio) eden h eee eee 667, 668 
926 | Caldwellii (Margaron) Lea.-........2.... 593 
832 | Caldwellii (Nephronaias) Lea........ Seis 593 
883 | Caldwellii (Unio) Lea.......-............ 593 
883 | Calendis (Unio) Rafinesque -...........-. 744 
883 | Californiensis (Anodonta) Lea........... 629 
883 | Californiensis (Margaron) Lea........... 629 
791 | Caliginosus (Margaron) Lea.............. 547 
791 | Caliginosus (Unio) Lea................--- 547 
715 | Calimatarum (Nephronaias) Morelet..... 596 
§28 | Calimatarum (Unio) Morelet............. 596 

Calipygos (Anodonta) Kobelt ..........-- 641 

828 | Callifera (Anodonta) von Martens ....... 648 
828 | Calliscapha Swainson ...................- 902 
828 | Callista (Grandidieria) Bourgnignat ..... 829 
Callonaia Simpson.........-...... 506, 507, 515, 867 

§28 | Callosa (Anodonta) Kuster............... 625 
823) ||sCallosusi(@Mfarearon)) ea 2255. ee 701 
829 a eCallosusi(Umilo) Nkeayssee aes ease ee 701 
| Cambodgensis (Margaron) Lea..........- 838 

§28 | Cambodgensis (Monocondylea) Petit.... 838 
825 | Cambodgensis (Pseudodon) Petit ........ 838 
829 | Cambodiensis (Margaron) Lea ...-....... 831 

827,828 | Cambodiensis (Physunio) Lea........._.. 831 
577 | Cambodiensis (Unio) Lea .............--- 831 
836 | Cambojensis (Pseudodon) Morelet....... 581 
708 | Cambojensis (Unio) Sowerby.-..-..------ 581, 819 
708 | Camelopardalis (Unio) Sowerby....------ 042 
719 | Camelopardilis (Lampsilis) Lea.......... 542 
695 | Camelopardilis (Margaron) Lea.-......... 542 
501 | Camelopardilis (Unio) Lea...-..-. ye ateare Soak 542 
785 | Camelus (Margarita) Lea .........-...... 613 
785 | Camelus (Margaron) Lea.......-2:2..--2: 613 
525 | Camelus) (Unio) eante ase re ee eeeeeeereee 612 
862 | Cameronia Bourgnigmat.2.--.-2-2-2222--- 909 
820; ||) Campsianusi(Umio) meatless -eeeee eee 822 
526 | Camptodon (Margarita) Lea ...........-- 740 
526 | Camptodon (Margaron) Lea ........-.-.- 740 
525 | Camptodon (Unio) Say........-.--------- 740 

811,812 | Canadensis (Margaron) Lea......-..--.-.- 527 
Sills Canadensis (Unio) Muenster seeeeeeeraers 527 


INDEX. 1005 
Page Page 
Canefrianus (Lamellidens) Simpson ....- 857 | Castelnaudi (Prisodon) Hupe.....-...-.. 871 
CEiaulanieley Si\yehbokiool. obeaacsesoscodesesoce 680,738 | Castelnaudii (Columba) Clessin.........- 915 
Capax (Lampsilis) Green.........--....-- 629,530 || Castus) (Margaron) ea..-.2..-.-.2...--- 708 
Canara (Marerarom))plieae se sten seer) eral SEO) OBIMDIE) (Wienke) Ibe coodcadaccesseaocdae 708 
CEjoaixs (iano) Cinsenl. oooob seosugeerscosose 629 | Cataracta (Anodonta) Say __._........... 630, 631 
Caperatus (Dromus) Lea ........-..------ 615 | Cataracta (Unio) Deshayes.............-. 631 
Caperatus (Margaron) Lea .............-- 615 | Cataractus (Mytilus) Eaton .............. 6381 
Caperatusn(Umio)ed 2225-2 ss2- eee ee eee 615 | Catawbensis (Margaron) Lea ............ 725 
Capigliolo bondini (Unio) Peetel ........- 685 | Catawbensis (Unio) Lea..........-....... 725 
Capigliolo (Unio)! Kuster: --:2.--2-..------ 6993 nCaitillusi(Umio)s Conrad aeee ns 2222. see. 789 
Capigliolo (Unio) Payraudeau ........-.. 685 | Catilus (Unio) B. H. Wright......__...... 789 
Cayjonilllarens (Wiakio)) Joey Ssocssoceoudseoosade 522, | Caudatus (Unio) Wagner.............___- 871 
Crajauilliltuiss. (Wino) Stir Gocaoccoedoacesedosnue 525 | Caudiculatus (Hyriopsis) von Martens... 581 
Capitatus (Cuneopsis) Heude --..-..-:..-- 805m Caudieulatus Sim psoneseene=2ssess ees 581 
Capitatus (Unio) Heude.-..--..-.....-.--- 805 | Caudiculatus (Unio) von Martens...-.... 581 
Capseeformis (Margarita) Lea ..........--. 524 | Caveata (Quadrula) Heude .............. S01 
Capszeformis (Margaron) Lea ....---.---- 6247) Caveatus (Unio), Heude.- 5... 2-2... 801 
Capseeformis (Truncilla) Lea...-......-.- 524 | Cellensis (Anodonta) C. Pfeiffer ......_.. 622 
Capseeformis (Unio) Lea-....-------.----- 524 | Cellensis (Anodonta) Kobelt............. 640 
Carbonarius (Margarita) Lea..-.......... 701 | Cellensis beringiana (Anodonta) Schréter 628 
Carbonarius semigranosus (Unio) Peetel.. 702 | Celtiformis (Cuneopsis) Heude........... S05 
Carbonarivsi(Umi0) eas. s---22-2-oe eee 701 | Celtiformis (Unio) Heude____-_.......... 804, 805 
Cardiacea (Unio) Deshayes ____....------ 789 | Cerina (Quadrula) Conrad ............... 787 
Cardiacea (Unio) Guerin............--.-- (90m | ECexrinuws: (Unio) \Conradiess=eeeeease eee 787 
Cardium occidens (Unio) Peetel .-......-- 527 | Chaiziana (Anodonta) Rang ............- 896 
Cardiumy (Unio) KConnadea- 222-2 e se 527 | Chaiziana (Margarita) Lea............... 897 
Cardium ventricosus (Unio) Peetel ....--. 527 | Chaiziana (Margaron) Lea......__....... 897 
Carinata (Anodonta) Dunker ......__-_-- 933 | Chaiziana (Spatha) H.and A. Adams ____ 897 
Carinaital (Miya) pMatomeees sea cceee a scecrel= 539 | Chaiziana (Spatha) Rang .=............- 896 
Carinata (Solenaia) Heude_____..-...---- 657 | Chalcoensis( Anodonta) Crosse and Fiseher 63 
Carinatus (Mycetopus) Heude .__--..___- 657 | Chambardia Bourguignat................ 902 
Carimaius@Wnio) Barnes ye haa see ee 539 | Chamberlainia Simpson...... 505, 506, 511, 514, 582 
Carinifera (Anodonta) Conrad......_-_-- 588 | Chantrei (Anodonta) Bourguignat....... 648 
Carinifera (Pilsbryoconcha) Conrad .___- 588 | Chantrei (Leguminaia) Locard .......... 651, 653 
Carinifera (Unio) Lamarck .............. 721 | Chantrei (Monocondylea) Petel......... 651 
Carinthiacus (Unio) Rossmiissler.......-. 698 | Chantrei (Pseudodon) Locard............ 653 
Cariosa (Anodonta) Kuster ......-......- 6258 Chantril (Unio) wocandae ss as ae 689 
Cariosa (Lampsilis) Stimpson ___________- 529 | Chapalensis (Anodonta) Crosse and 
Caniosay (Miya) ebatomieesesece se eceeee eee 529 THUS CIO Titsy ater ascren cease ee tac pics SU 2 aE Cay oe 6320 
Cariosay (Unio) plamanrck es eee pees. 671 | Chaperi (Pseudodon) de Morgan......... S38 
Cariosusi(Wamipsilis) Say .--.222---------. 28 | Chaperi (Pseudodus) de Morgan ____..... 838 
Cariosus (Margarita) Lea--...--..-------- 529 | Charbonnieri (Brazzeea) Bourguignat.... 907 
Cariosus' (Margaron), Lea:.....----------- 529 | Charbonnieri (Cameronia) Bourguignat - 909 
Carilosusi (WMO)! Saye ase eee eect 528 | Charbonnieri (Unio) Bourguignat ______. 821 
Carneusi(Umio)-Kousterisa-s-eeh een soe 696 | Charlottensis (Margaron) Lea-....--...---. 663 
Carolinensis (Castalia) Sowerby...-.------ 864 | Charlottensis (Symphynota) Lea____.____ 663 
Carolinensis (Unio) Bose.-...--...-------- 741 | Charlottensis (Unio) Lea................. 663 
Carthagena (Anodonta).....-.-.-.------- 922 | Charpentieri (Anodonta) Kuster...._.... 625 
Carunculina Simpsons s=.2seessseee eee 563 | Charruana (Unio) d’Orbigny....--....--. 876 
Casablancee (Margaron) Lea ..-..--...--- 882 | Charruanus (Diplodon) d’Orbigny....-.- S76 
Caseeblanese (Diplodon) Philippi---.....-- 882 || Charruanus (Margarita) Lea .......---..- 876 
Caszeblanez (Unio) Philippi -__....-..-.. 882 | Charruanus (Margaron) Lea ...--.-..-..--. 877 
Cagiabla IDAs = coccoucachosecneode sods 863 | Chathamensis (Margaron) Lea..-...-.--. 727 
Castaliellar Simpson ae ssa eee eae 866 | Chathamensis (Unio) Lea .........-.-..-.. 727 
Castalina yon Ihering.... 506, 515, 865, 866, 867,869 | Chattanoogaensis (Margaron) Lea...-..-.- 753 
Castanea (Anodon) Heude.._._._-.-....-. 688 | Chattanoogaensis (Pleurobema) Lea-..... 753 
Castanea (Obovaria) Lea.__-_....-.--.--- 602 | Chattanoogaensis (Unio) Lea .....-.----. 753 
Castaneus (Margarita) Lea..-..-...-.-.-. 602 | Cheeziana (Anodon) Sowerby...---.--.--- 932 
Castameus (Margaron)) lea ---.22-.2-2---- 602 | Chelidonura Rochebrune........-..-..-.- 906 
Castaneus (Obovyaria) Lea.-.........----- COME NChelidonopsistAmceyes 5 eee eae o 506, 515, 90 
Castaneuss (Wii o) ieee eae eee eee 602 | Chickasawhensis (Margaron) Lea....-.... 785 
Castaneus (Unio) Rafinesque-.....--..--.- 744 | Chickasawhensis (Quadrula) Lea....-.... 785 
Castelnaudi (Anodon) Sowerby...--.---- 915 | Chickasawhensis (Unio) Lea.....-....-.- 785 
Castelnaudi (Anodonta) Hupé.....---.-. 928 | Childreni (Diplodon) Gray....--.....-..- $33 
Castelnaudi (Hyria) Hupé .....-..---.... 871 | Childreni (Margarita) Lea ..-...-.-.--..-.- 883 
Castelnaudi (Leila) Hupé .......-.----... 915 | Childreni (Margaron) Lea...........--.. 883 


1006 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 

Childreni (Unio) Grays sees ecee 883 | Coarctata (Anodonta) Potiez and Mi- 
Childreni (Unio) Hanley-........---.-.-. 534 OE HUKG ASBMB CAS SR Homa pees See ee 623 
Chilensis (Diplodon) Gray ...........---- 880 | Coarctata (Unio) Lamarck ...-...-....... 721 
Chilensis (Unio) Gray....-...-...-..----- 880 | Coccinea paupercula (Quadrula) Simpson. 789 
Chiloénsis (Diplodon) Kuster ....-.....-- 882 | Coccinea (Quadrula) Conrad........-.--- 788 
Chiloénsis (Unio) Kuster.........--.----- 882 | Coccineus (Margarita) Lea............-... 789 
Chinensis (Anodonta) Kuster.....-...--- 833 | Coccineus (Margaron) Lea..-...-.....-... 789 
Chinensis (Anodonta) Peetel ......-.-.--- 648 | Coccineus (Unio) Conrad ................ 7388 
Chinensis leevis (Parreysia) Heude.....-. 850 | Cochlearis (Anodon) Sowerby....--.----- 648 
Chinensis (Margaron) Lea ......--------- 850 | Cocoduensis (Unio) Reeve ............--- 547 
Chinensis (Parreysia) Lea.......-.-.-.--- 8500) Coelestisi@imicdina) Wears sesese sere ee eee 905 
Chinensis squammosus (Parreysia) Coelestisi(Platinis)leateeees-eseeeeeee eee 905 

ICU CO Raespect eae a teens ne eels Bishi Ne 850 | Cognata (Anodon) Gould ................ 628, 629 
ClainerAeS (WiMko)) Ibs Ssocsoecsaousceodas 850 | Cognata (Plagiola) Lea ......-........... 606 - 
Chiniana (Anodon) Heude...........---- 639 | Cognatus (Margaron) Lea...-- Mea ose 606 
Chiquetana (Anodon) d’Orbigny .-.....-. 928) |) | Cognatus) (Unio) Wealleetereeees=eeeeeeeee 604, 606 
Chiloreusi(Wmio)Heude yee sae see 808 | Colchaguensis (Unio) Philippi ........... 882 
Chloris (Unio) Rafinesque........-..-.--- 744 | Colletopterum Bourguignat...... 506, 518, 514, 649 
Chunit(Margaron)\Wealssss ss. se- soe 787 | Collina (Alasmidonta) Conrad........... 669 
Chumiil(Q@uadrulla)Mbeatssssecesese oo ees 787 | Collinus (Margaron) Lea................. 669 
Chunilig@Winio) pW eaereseeoseeee eee ee ee 78%, | Collimusi (Unio) (Conradieas-esseeeeeeeeee 669 
Churchillianus (Unio) Bourguignat...... 650 | Coloradoensis (Lampsilis) Lea ........... 568 
Churchillianus (Unio) Sowerby...-.-.-.--- 650 | Coloradoensis (Margaron) Lea........... 568 
Cicatricosa (Pleurobema) Say.....-----.- 765 | Coloradoensis (Unio) Lea ................ 568 
CriGHInACOSwS (MUiaO)) Shy gsescoccugdasonace 765 | Coloratus (Unio) Charpentier.........._. 700 
Cicatricosus yaricosus (Unio) Peetel....-. sey || Chollwhan) ob) IVES senodacccmoudesoosocaceeoses » 914 
Ciconia (Anodon) Sowerby..:....--.----- 926 | Columbensis (Margaritana) Lea ......... 673 
Ciconia (Anodonta) Gould.....____.-.--- 924,926 | Columbensis (Margaron) Lea ............ 741 
Cicuri(Margaron))Weasees=seeeesa ee eeee 742 | Columbensis (Unio) lea... 2222-2525 2a Vga 
Oheuiy (Uiatto)) 1H scoouoowoooscoscudedoede 742 | Columbiensis (Unio) Peetel......2........ TAL 
Cilicia (Anodonta) Kobelt !._._........-. 627 | Compactus (Margaron) Lea.............. 518 
Cincinnatiensis (Margaron) Lea ......... SOB MCompacrusy (Um o) ears sees 518 
Cincinnatiensis (Unio) Lea............-.. 523 | Complanaria Swaimson....-....-....-2--- 662 
Cinerescens (Toxolasma) Rafinesque ..-. 744 | Complanata (Alasmodonta) Barnes...... 665 
Cinnamomicus (Margaron) Lea..-....... 758 | Complanata (Anodonta) Rossmiissler .... 625, 626 
Cinnamomicus (Unio) Lea ............... 758 | Complanata (Baphia) H.and A. Adams... 666 
Circulus) (Margarita) leas. 235-2 ssc e ee 600 | Complanata (Cameronia) Bourguignat .. 910 
Circullus|(Margaron)Meeascane eee eeeeee 600 | Complanata (Complanaria) Conrad....-. 666 
Circulus (Obovaria) Lea.........2......-. 600 | Complanata (Hyria) Hupé............... 870 
Circulus (Unio) Lea ..-.....--...--.-. 599,600,601 | Complanata Katherine (Symphynota) Lea 666 
Cixcumacthusi(Unio)Weadeeesasee se ceeset 750 | Complanata (Margarita) Lea............. 666 
Cirratus); (Unio) bea aes see eee eee eee eee 725 | Complanata (Margaritana) Calkins ...... 666 
Cistelliformis (Margaron) Lea............ 716 | Complanata (Margaritana) Westerlund.. 677 
Cistelliformis (Unio) Lea..............-.. 716 | Complanata (Mutelina) Jousseaume ..... 900 
Claibornensis (Lampsilis) Lea............ 537 | Complanata (Mya) Dillwyn.............. 720 
Claibornensis (Margarita) Lea ........_.. 537 | Complanata (Mya) Eaton ................ 665 
Claibornensis (Margaron) Lea ........... 537 | Complanata (Spatha) Jousseaume........ 900 
Claibornien'sis! (Umi) Wearsesseceseneeeee 537 | Complanata (Symphynota) Barnes...._.. 665 
Clappertoni (Anodonta) Koenig.......... 896 | Complanata (Unio) Hanley .............. 666 
Clarkianus (Lampsilis) Lea ...........-.. 532 | Complanatus jejunus (Unio) Lea ........ 795 
Clarkianus (Margaron) Lea -............. 532 | Complanatus (Margarita) Lea...........- 721 
Clanlilamnss((Wmio) Mea was hee ae ea 532 | Complanatus (Margaron) Lea............ 721 
Clava (Pleurobema) Lamarck.... 509,510,745,746 | Complanatus (Prisodon) Hupé........... S70 
Clava (Unio) slam ar cles ee eer ee 745 | Complanatus quadrilaterus (Unio) Lea .. 725 
Clayus|(Marcaritay eealsasss estan e 746 | Complanatus (Unio) Dillwyn .... 677, 720, 725, 728 
Clawuis7 (Mansanom)) Mee ayesaseecassceae eee 746 | Complanatus (Unio) Middendorff........ 677 
CllenAbls)(Wiigelo)) IR@EWE as eocaosadadoousccade 746 | Compressa (Alasmodonta) Menke........ 65 
Clessini (Glabaris) Fischer -......-.-..... 930,932 | Compressa (Anodonta) Menke ........... 626 
Clessini (Mycetopus) Fischer.........-... 930 | Compressa (Complanaria) Conrad .....-- 662 
Cliffordiana (Obliquaria) Rafinesque ....- 744 | Compressa (Margaron) Lea.............-- 588 
Clinchensis (Margaron) Lea ......-...... 748 | Compressa (Microcondylea) Petel.....-. 662 
Clinchensis;(Winio) bea seers eee ae 748 | Compressa (Monocondylea) Lea......... 588 
Clintonensis (Ptychobranchus) Simpson. 6138 | Compressa plebia (Symphynota) C. B. 
Cliome:Gistelesasseaisecen oe saeco eee 583 AGES ree Bee eee eee eee eee 663 
Coarctata (Anodonta) Anton.......:...--. 630 | Compressa (Pseudodon) Conrad ......-.- 588 


Compressa (Spatha) Peetel ......-...---- 
Compressa (Spatha) von Martens ....... 
Compressa (Symphynota) Lea........--- 
Compressissimus (Margaron) Lea...-...- 
Compressissimus (Unio) Lea .....-....-- 
Compressus (Margarita) Lea ..........-- 
Compressus (Unio) Conrad...........--- 
Compressus (Unio) Heude......-...-.-.-- 
Comptus (Unio) Deshayes and Jullien... 
Conasaugensis (Pleurobema) Lea...-.-- 
Conasaugeensis (Unio) Lea.........--.-- 
Concavus (Margaron) Lea......-...--..- 
ChomG@anls ((WiovIO)) WEE Shao aseseuconseebos 
Concestator (Lampsilis) Lea ...-....---- 
Concestator (Margaron) Lea........---. 
@oncestator (Unio) Wear. 23.2225... -- 
Conecolor (Margaron) Lea ........-----... 
Coimeoloe (Whale) Ie Seesancoqceuneeueaes 
Confertus (Margarita) Lea ............-- 
Confertus (Margaron) Lea ......-...---- 
(CommiSimrisiss ((WiavIO)) 6 sooeosoasedoogeoaboadse 
Conferiush(Umio)) Wea eee er eee ence 
Confragosa (Alasmodonta) Say ...-.-.--- 
Confragosa (Baphia) H.and A. Adams... 
Confragosa (Margarita) Lea........----- 
Confragosa (Margaritana) Calkins.....-. 
Confragosa (Margaron) Lea........----- 
Confragosa (Unio) Deshayes.......--.-- 
Confragosus (Arcidens) Say.....--..---- 
Confusa (Anodon) Heude..........-..-- 
Congareeus (Margarita) Lea......--..---. 
Congareeus (Margaron) Lea..........--- 
@ongareeusi(Wmio)) Wears. seen ton oma 
Conjugans (Tritogonia) B. H. Wright .... 
Conjugans (Unio) B. H. Wright ...-....- 
Conjungens (Arconaia) Heude......-.-- 
Connasaugeensis (Margaritana) Lea..... 
Connasaugeensis (Margaron) Lea ....--- 
Connasaugensis (Strophitus) Lea......- 
Connasaughensis (Unio) Sowerby-....--- 
Connesaugensis (Margaritana) Clessin-. 
Conradianus (Margaron) Lea ........-.-- 
Conradianus (Unio) Lea .....--.-......- 
Conradicus (Margarita) Lea.........-... 
Conradicus (Margaron) Lea............. 
Conradicus (Medionidus) Lea ......--.-. 
Conradicus (Unio) Conrad -............- 


@onradicus; (Unio) Weare 2e 2s. 25 25 - 


Consanguineus (Margaron) Lea......-.. 
Consanguineus (Unio) Lea..-.........-. 
Consentaneus (Unio) Rossmiissler ....-- 
Consobrinus (Lamellidens) Lea.....-... 
Consobrinus (Unio) Hanley and Theobald 
Consoprimiucy CWmio) wea sss serene 
Conspicuusi(Unio) Wea ses sees aee 
Constrictus (Lampsilis) Conrad ...--..-. 
Constrictus (Margaron) Lea.........--.. 
Constrictus (Unio) Conrad ..........-.-- 
Contiguus (Margaron) Lea..........:.-- 
Contiguusi (Unio) sWearesasesssecee eee 
Contorta (Burtonia) Bourguignat....... 
Contorta (Hyria) Sowerby -...-..-.---.-- 
Contorta (Margaron) Lea ........-....-- 
Contortay(Eiriquetra) Moca ses eee se 4-1 
Contortus conjungens (Unio) Heude.... 


INDEX. 1007 
Page. bage. 
588 | Contortus muticus (Unio) Heude......... 860 
8408) Contortus (Unio) Heude-2:-22-5.-.-.-..- 860 
662 | Contractus (Margaron) Lea...._......... 722 
618 | Contractus (Unio) Lea -.................. 722 
613 | Contradens (Margarita) Lea.............. 817 
663 | Contradens (Margaron) Lea..........._-- 817 
662 | Contradens (Nodularia) Lea -............ 817 
851 | Contradens (Unio) Lea................... 817 
858 | Contrarius (Unio) Conrad................ 537, 733 
763 | Contrarius (Lampsilis) Conrad........... 537 
163))\(Contritus (Unio) Heudessaa-2.2. 22-225. 801 
ool) | Conus) (Unio) Spenglerisnsse- esse sss e- 682, 744 
561 | Cooperiana (Quadrula) Lea ............-- 781 
548 | Cooperianus (Margarita) Lea ............. 781 
548 | Cooperianus (Margaron) Lea..........-.. 781 
5489) Cooperianus;(Umio) eases =22 5) se see. 781 
760), Copei- (Marngaron)) ears2 222.228 aes 549 
AID), Cloyne (CUsmmo)) WEBS sc caSo ose odoucacdaeuune 549 
Tals Clove (Mite neeee oii) Ib eb CoS SO ete aeseondns 755 
(als) 4} Clore (ilenyee inoue) Isr Coase coodooasbooodsae 759 
(Ge Cor@bleurobema,) (Comrade. ere eeeeeee 15h 
Us|) Clone (Whaley) ClomievGl oe eae uacdocoococouos 74 
661, 662 | Corbeti (Unio) Deschamps ..-............ 856 
662 | Corbicula (Grandidieria) Bourguignat... 829 
Cys || “ClordoKonlioks - 3 es edsceeoeseueeoussasoccs 828 
662 | Corbis (Margaron) Lea.................-- 845 
662 | Corbis (Parreysia) Hanley ............... 8h5 
6628 aiCorbis) (Umio)) Hanileysens-neeeoeeeeeeeeeee 845 
662 | Cordata (Castalia) H. and A. Adams. .__- 864 
639 | Cordata (Obovaria) Rafinesque .........- 602 
109% | Cordatusi(Unio)Conradaaea--eeeeeeeeeee 788 
OOM NCoxrderiig@Umio) mEleudeeenseeeeeeeeeeee ne 805 
709 | Coreana (Quadrula) von Martens........ 797 
609 | Coreanus (Unio) von Martens....-.--_.-- 797 
609 | Coriaceus (Diplodon) Dunker...........- 883 
860) ;Coriaceus (Unio) Dunkers 22s eee eee = 883 
CLS Corvamy (Wm10) PREC Viewemarseaeeee rer eaee 702 
618 | Cornea (Anodonta) Philippi -..........-.-. 648 
618 | Corneola (Spatha) Rochebrune .....-..-- 902 
GISS i MConneusy (Unio) eatessesere sere eee ere 725 
GISH |e Corniuitay (Miya) sMatomle ease see eee ee 611 
589 | Cornuta (Theliderma) Swainson.......-.- 611 
589 | Cornutus (Margarita) Lea.-.............- 611 
589 | Cornutus (Margaron) Lea .....-..--...--- 611 
589e Cornutus (Unio) eBarnesteece- sje seee cece 504, 611 
689 | Cornuum-lune cinnamonicus (Quadrula) 
589 FV CUM G2 ee ae Sale e ee em echyae) separa S02 
589 | Cornuum-lune (Quadrula) Heude....... 802 
752 | Cornuum-lune (Unio) Heude.-..--....--. 802 
752 | Corpulenta (Anodonta) Cooper ...-.-.-.- 616 
698 | Corpulenta (Margaron) Lea.......-...--- 646 
856 | Correyana (Margaritana) Peetel.......-... 661 
856 | Corrianus (Lamellidens) Lea..........-.- 857 
856 | Corrianus (Margarita) Lea .-........-..-- 857 
536 | Corrianus (Margaron) Lea ..............- 857 
Som ee COLLANUS (Wim) PKU Ste Tyee) eset ier ere 811 
55 Corrianus) (Wmio) eas secs) metic a-acaai= 857 
551 | Corrianus (Unio) Sowerby ..--- Sanne 855 
548 | Corrientesensis (Margarita) Lea......-...-. 912 
548 | Corrientesensis (Margaron) Lea.-.-......-. 912 
578 | Corrientesensis (Monocondylea) d’Or- 
860 lhea hyecue nee nnennnecsesea Gam Hae Onea Nees 912 
860 | Corrugata (Alasmodon) De Kay .....--.- 671 
860 | Corrugata (Hyria) Lamarck.............- 868 
860 | Corrugata leevirostris (Parreysia) Benson. 842 


1008 


INDEX. 

Page. Page. 
Corrugata (Margaron) Lea ....-.........- 841,869 | Crassus (Margarita) Lea...............-.. 539 
Cornugatan (Miya) eMiuilllleree eer ee cect 841 | Crassus (Margaron) Lea..........--..---- 678 
Corrugata nagpoorensis (Parreysia) Lea. 842 | Crassus (Pseudodon) Drouet ............-. 834 
Corrugata (Parreysia) Muller ............ 8h || Crassus) (Unio) Barnes) -2--25-+-54-5222-6< 767 
. Corrugata (Spatha) Dautzenberg......... 902 | Crassus (Unio) Conrad ........-.:..--.-.- 540 
Corrugata (Triquetra) H. and A. Adams . 869) || Crassus (Unio) kustersss= seep eee eee 536 
Corrugata (Unio) Blainville..........-.... 863)" Crassusi(Umio)sNilSsoneeeee see eeee eee ee 697 
Corrugata (Unio) Lamarck...:........... eytil) || Ore) (LWP avl@)) INSOAKS sososcccocanaessacec 692 
Corrugata (Unio) Manduyt .............. 698° || (Crassus) (Umio) Retziuse 22 esses eane 677 
Corrugatus levirostris (Unio) Hanley and Crassus (Unio) Say ...............--. SOUS 539 
GUNG OONG  .ocedocance A a SE i Sone 842 | Crassus (Unio) Sowerby...-...........---- 540, 707 
Corrugatus (Margarita) Lea ..........-... 841 | Craviovensis (Psilunio) --...-..-........- 510 
Corrugatus nagpoorensis (Unio) Hanley Crebristriata (Margaron) Lea .........--- 835 
awavGl INCE!) S4souabedcoodsooedubabsos 842 | Crebristriata (Monocondylea) Anthony . 835 
Corrugatus (Unio) Retzius ........----.-- 691 | Crebristriata (Trigonodon) Conrad....... 835 

Cormminowiblinas sao 5bsceasadsccosoecasoasacr 563 | Crebristriatus peguensis (Pseudodon) 
Coruscus fryanus (Unio) B. H. Wright -.- 71h, AMtHONY. 002k nkeeh soe see eos eee ee eee 835 
Coruscus (Margaron) Lea .........---...- 714 | Crebristriatus (Pseudodon) Anthony..... 835 
Conuscusi(Umio) Gould ees -sees-ee =e eee 714 | Crebristriatus (Unio) Sowerby ........... 835 
Corvinus (Margaron) Lea.........-.--.-. 566 | Crebrivittatus (Margaron) Lea.........-- 753 
Convinuse (Umi) MLCaee espe cee see eas ee= 566 | Crebrivittatus (Unio) Lea .-..........--.- 753 
- Corvuneulus (Lampsilis) Lea......-.---.-. 566 (Crenodontasehiluitenmeesesseeeesscreeeree 766 
Corvunculus (Margaron) Lea ........-..-. 566 | Crepera (Anodonta) Lea ...-..-....------ 833 
Corvunculus (Unio) Lea....-.-..........- 566) || Crepers (Dallliella) ea) a2 eases 833 
Corvus (Margarom) Lea. ..5...23..2-2------ 708 | Crepera (Margaron) Lea ...........-....- 833 
Coxnvusi@Umio) bea sseee resets eeeeeee cee 708 | Creperus (Margarita) Lea...........---.. 552 
Costata (Alasmidonta) Rafinesque. ...... 664 | Creperus (Margaron) Lea ................ 552 
Costata (Alasmodonta) Say-....--..-.----. 6654 Creperush (Unio) sled easeersesee see eeeeeee 552 
Costata (Amblema) Rafinesque .......... 744) ‘Cresserus) (Unio) Hanley 22222 s2sss2-cere 52 
Costata (Complanaria) Conrad........... 665 | Crispa (Anodonta) Lamarck ............. 919 
Costata (Symphynota) Rafinesque --..-.. 665 | Crispata (Alasmodonta) Mousson ........ 836 
Costatus (Plectomerus) Conrad........... 769 | Crispata (Anodonta) Lamarck ....-...... 919 
Costatus) (Unio) iSaiyeseeeas seeeeesanraeee 769 | Crispata (Anodontites) Bruguiere.......- 919 
Costulata (Margaron) Lea..... EGE See 912 | Crispata (Margarita) Lea............--..- 919 
Costulata (Monocondyleea) Moricand .... 912 | Crispata (Margaritana) Peetel ............ 836 
Couchilanas(@uadrula)ibeaseeasss nee rial Crispata. (Marga ron) Micas=—e er eeeeeeeeeee 919 
Couchianus (Margaron) Lea ..-.....--... 777 | Crispata (Nodularia) Gould .......-.....- 815 
Couchianuss(Umio)plWea eee see sees ee Tito Crispatan (Unio) (Gouldes-=eeeseee eee 815 
Coulboisi (Brazzeea) Bourguignat ........ 907 | Crispatus (Glabaris) Bruguiere .......... 919 
Coulboisi (Cameronia) Bourguignat...... 909 | Crispatus (Margaron) Lea...........----- 815 
Coulboisi (Unio) Bourguignat..---.....-. 821 | Crispisulecata (Nodularia) Benson-....-... 820 
Couperiana (Anodonta) Lea..:..........- 636 | Crispisulcatus (Margaron) Lea........-.- 820 
Couperiana (Margarita) Lea.............. 636 | Crispisulcatus (Unio) Benson .......-.--. 508, 820 
Couperiana (Margaron) Lea.............. 636 | Cristaria Schumacher ...-..... 505, 506, 514, 578, 583 
Courquinianus (Unio) Bourguignat...... 686 | Crocatus (Margaron) Lea................- 5381 
Crapulus (Margaron) Lea ....-.....-.2... 75 5umOrocatus) (Unio) Please eeseeee eee eeeae 5381 
Cig omUhorss:(C\Usmloy): bye, See se Ae eee eee 755 | Crocodilarum (Unio) Morelet............ 702 
@rassan(Dalliella)eDrowete sees seems 83), | Cromwellii (Margaron) Lea... -.--225222- 566 
Crassay (Gibbosmla)sWioodse2 sates so, | Cromwellii (Lampsilis) Lea .....-.......- 565 
@rassaa(Marsaritay pea eean= ss -e eee O17, | Cromwelliii(Unio)slearsa= see eeseeeeeee 565 
Crassa (Margaritana) Retzius..........-. 513,677 | Crosseana (Castalia) Hidalgo..........2-. 865 
Crassac(Marearom) Weaens--cs2 eee eeeee: 917 | Crosseanus (Tetraplodon) Hidalgo ....... 865 
Crassan diya) ebacOnyaeeeeeeeeeee eee eer 539 | Crossei (Physunio) Deshayes and Jullien 831 
@ratssai (Miya) WiOOdee ne mee a etennann 804 | Crossei (Unio) Deshayes and Jullien....- 831 
Crassidens (Margarita) Lea_......-....... 707 || Cruda (Pleurobema)) Weal eee ae 751 
Crassidens (Margaron) Lea.............-- 707, a Grudus (Unio) Wear sates eee eee 71 
Crassidens (Unio) Lamarck... 503,504,700, 706,709 | Cryptoradiata (Spatha) Putzeys........-- 900 
Crassidens (Unio) Sowerby.-.-----..--...- 539 | Cylindricus (Margaron) Say.....---..--.. 773 
Crassidens var. a (Plectomerus) Conrad... 772, | Ctenodesma Simpson....-....---2---- 906, 515, 852 
Crassidens var. a (Unio) Lamarck........ 772) Cucumeriay Conradissssseeeseeeeee eee eee 893 
Crassissimus (Margarita) Lea.....-......- » 676 | Cucumoides (Margaron) Lea.........-..- 893 
Crassissimus (Unio) Hanley.............- 6785) Cucumoidesi@Umio) Slicaeeesses rene aeseee 893 
CrassitestaiSimpsoneeseeeeeeeseer eee ncse 686 | Cultelliformis (Diplodon) Conrad..-...-.- 892 
Crassus (Anodon) Swainson....--....-..- 917 | Cultelliformis (Unio) Conrad ....-.-...... 892 
Crassus batavus (Unio) Jordan........... 697 | Cultrata (Anodonta) Gould ......-..-..-- 644 
Crassus (Glabaris) Swainson .......-.-.--- 917 | Cumberlandianus (Margarita) Lea...--.. 553 


INDEX. 1009 

Page. Page. 

Cumberlandianus (Margaron) Lea....... 553 | Cylindracea (Margaron) Lea........... 920 
Cumberlandicus (Margaron) Lea ........ 554 | Cylindrellus (Lampsilis) Lea .......... 565 
Cumberlandicus (Unio) Lea ............-. 509,553 | Cylindrellus (Margaron) Lea .......... 565 
Cumingianus (Unio) Dunker ....-......- 893 | Cylindrellus (Unio) Lea...............- 565 
Cumingii (Anodonta) Lea....-.-...-..--. 837 | Cylindrica (Mya) Eaton ............... 773 
Cumingii (Hyriopsis) Lea.......-..-..... 679 | Cylindrica (Quadrula) Say............. 773 
Cumingii (Margaron) Lea..............-. BE EB || Ohdbbovoboesy Shhaay oon SEC Bs coon eeeesanuoe 807 
Cumingii (Microcondylea) Clessin ....-. 837 | Cylindricus (Margarita) Say ........... 773 
Cumingii (Monocondylea) Lea ........-- 837 | Cylindricus (Orthonymus) Agassiz....- 773 
Cumingii (Pseudodon) Lea..........-..-. S37 Cylindricusi(Umio) "Say mee see sae 773 
Cumingii (Pseudodus) de Morgan.......- 837 | Cyphia (Obliquaria) Rafinesque........ 744 
Cummimeapin(Umi0) Weasesans aes sees cee OSM Cy phian (Unio) Conradeey: pees ae 764 
Cuneaitas (Miya) Haltom crencceeecse eee 707 | Cyphias cesopus (Unio) Peetel .......... 764 
Cuneata (Pleurobema) Rafinesque.....-- Tes) ||, Chyolanivis} (pow) Sey Goes sboskessacuoosca 764 
Cuneatus (Unio) Barnes.................- 707 | Cyprogenia Agassiz .............- 506, 510, 514, 609 
Cuneatus (Unio) Rossmassler ..-...-.-..-- 692 | Cyrenoides (Margaron) Lea...........- 606 
Cumeasush(Umio)!Saviescesceseccene scene 746 | Cyrenoides (Plagiola) Philippi.......-. 606 
Cuneatus (Unio) Swainson............-.-- 517 | Cyrenoides (Unio) Philippi ............ 606 
Cuneolus (Margaron) Lea .......-...-.-.-- 748 | Cyrenopsis (Grandidieria) Bourgingnat.. 828 
Cuneolus (Pleurobema) Lea.............- 748 | Dactylinus (Unio) Heude.............. 808 
Cuneolusi (Unio) eae sses-e- ee neee ese 748 | Dactylus (Anodon) Sowerby ........... 929 
Cuneopsis Simpson.........--.--- 506, 509, 514,804 | Dactylus (Margaron) Lea ................ 553,929 
Cuneus (Quadrula) Conrad ....--...--..- 792 || Dactylus) (Unio) Lea ...--:-..--.-..-.--- 553 
Cumensn(Wimio) AC ailleeeaasens acerca 789 | Dactylus (Unio) Morelet............... 683 
Cunninghami (Unio) B. H. Wright --..-. 714. | Dahomeyensis (Anodonta) Lea ......-- 900 
Cuprea (Obliquaria) Rafinesque......--.. 744 | Dahomeyensis (Margaron) Lea ........ 900 
Cuprinus (Diplodon) Simpson __..__-...- 883 | Dahomeyensis (Spatha) Lea ........_.. 900 
Cuprinus (Margarita) Lea......--..-.-.-- 573 | Dahuricus (Margaritana) Kobelt....... 676 
Cuprinus (Margaron) Lea.....--...---.-.- 573 | Dahuricus (Unio) Middendorff.....-... 676 
Cuprinwsn(Umio)Weaeeee ss-ee eee asco ne 572 | Dalei (Anodonta) Buffon .............. 648 
Curatus (Margaron) Lea ...............-. 728 | Dallasiana (Anodonta) Lea ...........- 647 
Curatuss (Unio) Wea Bese acess ciasceea ace 727 | Dallasiana (Margaron) Lea ...--....... 647 
Curreyana (Baphia) H. and A. Adams... 661 | Dalli (Unio) B.H. Wright ........-..... 713 
Curreyana (Margaritana) Lea........-.-. 661 | Dalliella Simpson ...............- 506, 515, 832, $84 
Curreyana (Margaron) Lea ...-.-.-....-- GolG eDamalisHteach  rrseeeee sae reece eee 674 
Curreyana (Micromya) IAS ASSI Zee 661 | Damascensis (Margaron) Lea .......-.. 695 
Curreyana (Strophitus) Conrad........-. 661 | Damascensis (Unio) Lea ....-...---.... 694 
Curreyana (Unio) Sowerby .....-..-....- 661 | Damnoica (Unio) d’Orbigny ....-...... 894 
Curta (Pleurobema) Lea .........--.....- 753,754 | Danielis (Unio) Gassies .......--.---.-- 684 
Curtus (Margaron) Lea .................. 754 | Daniellii (Unio) Villa..-...........--.- 891 
(CAMERAS) (Wowk) IGE coouddeaccoeseo Gobuaese 754 | Danielsii (Anodonta) Lea....-....-...- 645 
Curvatus (Anodonta) Jay ....-..-..---..- 648 | Danielsii (Margaritana) Peete] -.......- 645 
Curvatusi (Unio) Pea tesececeeeec cee 724 | Danielsii (Margaron) Lea...--......--- 645 
Cuspidatus (Unio) Lea........-- Cee 728 | Danielsii (Unio) B.H. Wright .......... 708 
Cuvierianus (Margaron) Lea........--.-- 727 | Dariensis (Anodonta) Lea........----.- 63h, 
Cuvierianus (Unio) Lea.................- 727 | Dariensis (Margaron) Lea.......--.--.- 634, 710 
Cyanus (Unio) ePhilippileses- nse eeee 861 | Dariensis (Unio)) beat. 4222-2 2 a 710 
Cyclips (Toxolasma) Rafinesque.......-- 744 | Datus (Margaron) Lea ......-...--.--.- 728 
Cyclips (Unio) Ferussac.........-.-.--..- 540M i Datusy(Umilo) sbeaess-seeese es teeaeserem 728 
Cy clomya;Simpsoneeeseccs sees seces 578, 885, 886 | Dautzenbergi (Nodularia) L. Morlet...- 819 
Cygnea anatina (Anodonta) Linnzus.... 625 | Dautzenbergi (Unio) L. Morlet.-......-- 819 
Cygnea (Anodonta) Linneus ............ IIB} (20) || JOE Wyableul (hsb) Sosacqsobosoeuauseceesoce 510 
621, 626, 627,631,649 | Decampsiana (Nodularia) Wattebled .. 822 

Cygnea (Anodonta) Rossmissler.......-- 625 | Decampsianus (Unio) Wattebled....... 822 
Cygnea cellensis (Anodonta)......-.-.-.-- 621 | Decisa (Pleurobema) Lea .......-..--.. 752 
Cygmeai (Margarita) hea. Jn eneeee ee 622 | Decisus (Margarita) Lea ......-.-.--.-. 752 
Cygnea (Margaron) Lea......---........- 622 | Decisus (Margaron) Lea....-...-....-.. 752 
Cygnea ponderosa (Anodonta) C. Pfieffer. 626 | Decisus (Unio) Kuster........-.-------: 748 
Cygnea rostrata (Anodonta) Rossmissler. 627 a Wecisus) (Unto) pbeae yaaa secs 752 
Cygnea (Symphynota) Lea .............. 622 | Declivis (Anodonta) Conrad ..........-. 643 
Cygneus (Anodontes) Cuvier .....--....- 621 | Declivis (Margarita) Lea.......-...-..- 643, 741 
Cygneus (Mytilus) Linneeus ....-.-..-..-- 620,621 | Declivis (Margaron) Lea.........-..-.. TAL 
Cygnoea (Anodonta) Gassies ............- 622 | Declivis (Unio) Conrad ........-..--.-- 742 
Cylindracea (Anodonta) Lea........-.... 920ml SD eclivasi@Wm10) tSaiva eer ners seine aerial) 740 
Cylindracea (Glabaris) Lea .............. 920 | Decora (Anodonta) Lea........-..----- 643 
Cylindracea (Margarita) Lea......-.....-. 920 | Decora (Margarita) Lea.....-.-.------- 643 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 


64 


1010 INDEX. 


Page Page 
Decora (Margaron) Lea..........-------- 644 | Deviata (Truncilla) Reeve ............-.- 52h 
Decorata (Symphynota) Lea........-.-...- 664. | Deviatus (Margaron) Lea .............-.- 524 
Decoratus (Margaron) Lea..........-..-- 664 | Deviatus (Unio) Reeve ..................- 524 
Decoratus (Unio) Lea ..........--..------ 664. || Diagemeess: 520 Giese ce accion seen 514,615 
Decumbens (Margaritana) Lea........-.. 679 | Dianisotis Rafinesque .................--- 583 
Decumbens (Margaron) Lea.........-.--- 679 | Diaphanus (Unio) Rafinesque..........-. 744 
Decumbens (Unio) Lea............------- 679 | Diazensis (Unio) S.H. Wright ..........- 714 
Decurvyatus (Unio) Rossmissler .......--- 698 | Diespiter (Unio) Mabille ...........-...-. 861 
Dehiscens (Anodonta) Peetel.....-...-..-- 655 | Differtus (Unio) Lea .............--...... 729 
Dehiscens (Baphia) H. and A. Adams.... 655 | Difficilis (Margaron) Lea................. 554 
Dehiscens (Hemilastena) Agassiz ......-. 655) |) Dithicilis/|((Unio)MWeasesseasseaceeeeeee eee 5a4 
Dehiscens (Margarita) Lea.....-.......-. 654 | -Digenmceras o- soasacs sie ccaeteee ee Ree ees 514, 607 
Dehiscens (Margaritana) Clessin......-.. 655 | Digitata (Quadrula) Morelet ............- 770 
Dehiscens (Margaron) Lea....-.-.-..-.-. 655 | Digitatus (Unio) Morelet................. 770 
Dehiscens (Unio) Say ..............------ 654 | Digitiformis (Nodularia) Sowerby........ 809 
Dejecta (Anodonta) Lewis....-.......--. 630 | Digitiformis (Unio) Sowerby.....-....... 809 
Delaportei (Hyriopsis) Crosse and Fischer 580 | Dignatus (Margaron) Lea................ 688 
Delaportei (Unio) Crosse and Fischer.... 580 | Dignatus (Unio) Lea ..................... 688 
Delesserti (Margaron) Lea...........----- 693 | Dignota (Anodonta) Ferussac....-....... 631 
Delesserti (Unio) Bourguignat........-.--- 692 | Dignota (Anodonta) Rafinesque ......... 648 
Delicatus (Margaron) Lea.............--- 690 | Dilatata (Unio) Rafinesque .............. 744 
Delicatus (Unio) Lea..........-.-:------- 690) Dilatatush(Uimio)eSayeesacseeeee eee eres 704 
Delodonta (Unio) Lamarck ..........---- 873 | Diminuta (Nodularia) Lea ............... 826 
Delodontus (Diplodon) Lamarck.......-. 873 | Diminutus (Margaron) Lea .............. 826 
Delodontus (Margarita) Lea.........-..-- SE}||, Dyyemvo oyonAwlS ((WWhavlo)) WEE) Seacceccssconusaace 826 
Delodontus (Unio) Sowerby...-...-------- 539 | Dimota (Nodularia) Lea ................. 818 
Delphinulus (Lampsilis) Morelet ......-.. 576 | Dimotus (Margaron) Lea................. 818 
Delphinulus (Unio) Morelet .........---- 576,577 | Diolibanus (Pleiodon) Bourguignat .....- 908 
Delphinus (Margaron) Lea........-..--.- 579 | Diploderma (Bariosta) Rafinesque ....... 744 
Delphinus (Unio) Grtiner .........-..-.-. 579 | Diplodon Spix.......-.... 506, 515, 867, 872, 873, 883 
Delphinus (Unio) Spengler........-.-.--. 744 | Diplodon (Unio) Philippi ................ 882 
Deltoidea (Alasmodonta) Baker........-- 668 | Dipsas (Anodonta) Blainville............ 584. 
Deltoidea (Baphia) H.and A. Adams..... 668) |) -DipsastGea chiesseeemsccreetececieeeeriaee 583 
Deltoidea (Margarita) Lea..........---.. 668'|/ Dipsax: VolgtJems <*2ae. cena eee 583 
Deltoidea (Margaritana) Lea.........-.... 668 | Discoidea (Barbala) H.and A. Adams.... 585 
Deltoidea (Margaron) Lea.....-...-..-.-. 668 | Disciformis (Zaira) Rochebrune -......-- 862 
Deltoidea (Strophitus) Conrad .........-. 668 | Discoidea (Cristaria) Lea..............-.- 585 
Deltoidea (Unio) Hanley -....-..----.---- 668 | Discoidea (Dipsas) Kuster............-... 585 
Delumbis (Lampsilis) Conrad....-.....-. 531 | Discoidea (Margarita) Lea............... 585 
Delumbis (Unio) Conrad ................- 531 | Discoidea (Symphynota) Lea............ 585 
Delumbis (Unio) Kuster........-......... 559 | Discoideus (Margaron) Lea.............. 585 
Demararaensis (Diplodon) Lea........... 880 | Discoideus (Unio) Hanley .....-...-..-.- 585 
Demararaensis (Margaron) Lea......-..- 880 | Discoideus (Unio) Sowerby .-..........--- 574 
Demararaensis (Unio) Lea......-.......-. 880 | Discomya Simpson ......-...-..--..-...--- 802 
Dembee (Nodularia) Reeve.............. 826 | Discrepans (Margaron) Lea ....-..-.-.--- 554 
Dembee (Unio) Reeve ....-..........-.-- 826 | Discrepans (Unio) Lea....._.-......-..-- 554 
Denigrata (Anodonta) Lea..............- 659 | Disculus (Diplodon) Lea.....-.........-- 887 
Denigrata (Margaron) Lea............... 660 | Disculus (Margaron) Lea .......-........ 887 
Denigratus (Margaron) Lea............-. 718 3\ Diseulus (Unio) Leas. 22. eca-ecsceieeeeeee 887 
Denigratus (Unio) Lea ..........--......- 718 | Discus (Margaron) Lea............5...-.- 705 
Depauperatus (Unio) Hutton.........-.... 890) |eDiscus (Unl0) iea ees -o see eee eee eee 705 
Depressa (Mya) Donovan.....--.-.....--- 685 | Discus (Unio) Sowerby......--....------- 707 
Depressa (Leguminaia) Westerlund...... 653 | Dispalans (Unio) B. H. Wright.........-. 736 
Depressa (Obliquaria) Rafinesque......-. 603 | Dispansus (Unio) Lea........-.-....-.--- 549 
Depressa (Unio) C. Pfeiffer............... 653}, Dispar. (Lam 'psilis)) Weamensseeaeeeceeeeee 561 
Depressa (Unio) d’Orbigny........-.---.- 894 | Dispar (Margaron) Lea............-.-...- 561 
Depressa (Unio) Lamarck...........--.-- 6037892) 1) -Dispar: (Umi0) sueaeteessse- se eeee eee eeeeee 561 
Depressus (Margarita) Lea .......-..--..- 891) | Dissimilis (Umio0)) eases cne eee eee 730 
Depressus (Margaron) Lea ..........-...- 891 | Distans (Unio) Anthony ..........--..... 534 
Depressus (Unio) Lamarck............... 892 | Distortus (Unio) Beam........5.....22ccce 744 
Depressus (Unio) Lesson .........-----.-- 891! ||) Distortusi(Umio)sHeudess- 4s. 442s secre 807 
Depressus (Unio) Peetel ....-.......-..--- 685 | Divaricata (Spatha) yon Martens ........ 901 
Depressus (Unio) Reeve....--.-.--.------ 891 | Divaricatus (Diplodon) Lea ............. 878 
Depygis (Unio) Conrad.......2.---.------ 601 | Divaricatus (Margaron) Lea............. 878 
Deshayesii (Unio) Michaud ...........-.- 682..| Divaricatus (Unio) Lea ...--.55......---- 878 
Despecta (Anodon) Heude..............- 6388 | Divergens (Quadrula) Benson............ 802 


INDEX. HOW 


Page Page 

Divergens (Unio) Benson ..........-...--- 802 | Duclerci (Chamberlainia) Rochebrune .. 582 
Diversa (Alasmidonta) Conrad ........-. 669 | Duclerci (Unio) Rochebrune..........-.- 582 
Diversus (Unio) Conrad............--.--- 669 | Dugasti (Unio) Morlet........:.......:... 811 
Dolabella (Castalia) Sowerby -...---.---- 867 | Dumesleanus (Unio) Charmes ........... 847 
Dolabelloides (Margaron) Lea .........-- 750 | Dunkerianus (Unio) Lea........:........ 882 
Dolabelloides (Pleurobema) Lea.......--. 750 | Dunlapiana (Anodonta) Lea...........-. 635, 636 
Dolabelloides (Unio) Lea ......-.-.--.--- 750 | Duponti (Parreysia) Rochebrune ........ 8)6 
Dolabreeformis (Lampsilis) Lea ........-- 529 | Duponti (Reneus) Rochebrune........... 846 
Dolabreeformis (Margarita) Lea.....-..-- 529 | Duponti (Unio) Rochebrune..........-.. 846 
Dolabreeformis (Margaron) Lea........-- 529 | Duprei (Callonaia) Recluz..........:.... 867 
Dolabreeformis (Unio) Lea ......--..----- 529 | Duprei (Castalia) Recluz................. 867 
Dolabreeformis (Unio) Sowerby ..-.-.-.-.--- 527 | Duprei (Margaron) Lea.................. 867 
Dolearis (Anodonta) Lea.........--.-.--- 634 | Dupuyi (Anodonta) Ray and Drouet .:.. 624 
Doliaris (Anodonta) Lea .......-.-.-.----- 634 | Durieui kullethensis (Unio) Lea......... 695 
Doliaris (Lampsilis) Lea ...........-...-- 633 | Durieui (Margaron)-‘Lea.:...-....:....... 694 
Doliaris (Margaron) Lea ........-.......-. 533,634 | Durieui (Unio) Deshayes................. 694. 
Doliarisy(Umio) Wealesas-o-eeesasseee ene. 533 | Duttonianus (Margaron) Lea ............ 736 
Dolichorhynechus (Unio) Tapperone- PDuttonianusy (Unio) eames see see 736 

Can Chris Shah as Sek ase eae eens S61 sD ysnomiayAPAssiz)pamaeeieereeee eee ee 521 
Doliolum (Anodonta) Heude ............ 640 | Dysonii (Nephronaias) Lea .........-.--- 594, 
Dolcsus (Margaron) Lea ....-- neers 569 | Dysonii (Margaron) Lea.................. 594 
Dolosusk(Unio) Weasas2ae sess oe ec eee =e Gxt} |] IDAYSoranbl (Uigwlo)) IWS ok Ge ooonadenoooudsse 594 
Dombeyana (Unio) Valenciennes....--..- 772 | Ebenus (Margarita) Lea.................. 793 
Donaciformis (Margarita) Lea ....-..-..-.- 605 | Ebenus (Margaron) Lea.................. 793 
Donaciformis (Margaron) Lea .-....-.--- 605 | Ebenus (Quadrula) Lea........:......... 793 
Donaciformis (Plagiola) Lea ........-...-- 605s ee benwish (Unio) pbeaeecceeaseceeeeee eee 509, 793 
Donaciformis (Unio) Lea............-..-- 605 | Ecarinata (Castalia) Mousson...-...-.--- 865 
Dooleyensis (Unio) Lea ...-.-...-...--.-- 727 | Ecarinatus (Tetraplodon) Mousson...... 865 
Moreiy(Wnio) Bs He Wright. --ce--es ose 710,719 | Edentula (Alasmodonta) Say -........... 616 
Dorfeuillianus (Margarita) Lea ......-..-.- 780 | Edentula (Anodonta) Ferussac .......... 616 
Dorfeuillianus (Margaron) Lea .......... 780 | Edentula (Anodonta) Say...-...-.:...... 503, 504 
Dorfeuillianus (Unio)........-.---.--..-- 779,780 | Edentula (Margarita) Lea................ 616 
Dorri (Nodularia) Wattebled.......__---- 809 | Edentula (Margaron) Lea.......--....... 616 
Morris (Umio) Wattebled== =] ees ees oe 809 | Edentula (Uniopsis) Agassiz --........... 616 
Dorsatus (Margaron) Lea ......-..-..-.--- 711 | Edentulus (Anodon) Sowerby ........... 643 
Dorsatus (Unio) Lea....-...-----------:-: 711 | Edentulus Payonius (Strophitus) Lea.... 617 
Dorsuosus (Diplodon) Gould -..........-- 888, 889 | Edentulus (Strophitus) Say .............. 616 
Dorsuosus (Margaron) Lea..........----- 889 | Edgarianus (Margaron) Lea .-.-.-...:..- TAT 
Dorsuosus (Unio) Gould.......-.-...--...- 889 | Edgarianus (Pleurobema) Lea ........-.- VhT 
Douglasiz nipponensis (Nodularia) yon Edgarianus (Unio) Lea..:.....--2.2.0.--: 747 

Mamtensraceesnice secee a nceee cee le seco wee 809 | Edulis (Anodonta) Heude ............--.. 638 
Douglasiz (Nodularia) Gray .....--..- 807, 808,861 | Effulgens (Diplodon) Lea ..........-..... 879 
Douglasiz Shanghaiensis (Unio) Lea .... 808 | Effulgens (Margaron) Lea.......-.....-.- 879 
Douglasiz (Unio) Gray-.....-...----- 806, 807,808 | Effulgens (Unio) Lea..................... 879 
Doumeti (Unio) Letourneux and Bour- Egyptiacus (Unio) Hanley .........-:-..- 821 

guignat......._ SOOO rere eae a Ree 744) \biohtin(Unio)ebeetelesssse-eeeeseeree eee 771 
Downiei (Margaron) Lea.....--.-.......- 733 | Hightsii (Margaron) Lea .........-......- 771 
Dowmniel) (Un10) Wea s-. 22. ssn. ses nese 1EY2, Jom || soiedoeyol ((Opouta)) IER, ossosdecoocascesanesuc 771 
Draparnaldi (Unio) Deshayes............ 692 | Elachista (Anodonta) Bourguignat....-. 625 
Dromauxi (Cameronia) Bourguignat .... 910 | Electrinus (Unio) Reeve........--....--. 741 
Dromauxi (Unio) Bourguignat .........-. 821 | Elegans (Margarita) Lea.............:-.. 604 
Dromus (Cyprogenia) Agassiz...........- 615 | Elegans (Margaron) Lea ............-...- 604 
Dromus (Dromus) Lea .....-...-.-..-.--- 615 | Elegans (Plagiola) Lea ............-..... 694, 605 
Dromus (Margarita) Lea .........-....--. 615) | Hlegans/ (Unio) Wea. 22. osteo sare 604 
Dromus (Margaron) Lea .................- 615 | Elegans (Zaira) Rochebrune............. 862 
Dromus Simpson ...--.--..----------- 510,514,614 | Elliottii (Margaritana) Lea .............- 619 
DrOmMUsi (UNIO) WLea Mer sass sels see 614,615 | Elliottii (Margaron) Lea ....--..--. OES Sate 619, 769 
Droueti (Spatha) Chaper...........-.---- 897 | Elliottii (Quadrula) Lea -...-.....2.2.2.. 768 
Droueti (Unio) Dupuy...-..-...---..--..- 699 | Elliottii (Strophitus) Lea............5...- 619 
Dubia (Alasmodonta) Ferussac ....-..... (783. |) LabYoynabl ((\Growio)) 1beeh s SACK eee sGaassaeeoeee 768 
Dubia (Anodonta) Bosc.......--.-------- 903} Ellipsaria (Obliquaria) Rafinesque.....-. 744 
Dubia (Iridina) Chenu.......-....---.--- 903 | Ellipsarius (Unio) Say .......--......-... 539 
Dubia (Mulela) Gmelin ..../......:...... 903 | Ellipsiformis (Lampsilis) Conrad ........ 557 
Dubia (Mytilus) Gmelin ........--......- 583,903 | Ellipsiformis (Unio) Conrad ..2..7....... 597° 
Dubiay(blatinis) ue dean eec- eee eee 903 | Ellipsis (Margarita) Lea.........-. rersaieeiers ‘602 
Dubius (Unio) Fitzinger ...............-- 682 | Ellipsis (Margaron) Lea.............-.... 602 


1012 INDEX. 
Page. 
Ellipsis (Obovaria) Lea ........-..---...- 540,602 | Estabrookiana (Pleurobema) Lea.......- 


Ellipsis (Unio) beatae neeeee eee 601, 602, 754 
Ellipsoideus (Unio) Locard ...........--- 690 
Elliptica (Anodon) Heude.............-- 638 
Elliptica (Margaritana) Lea ...........-- 619 
Elliptica (Margaron) Lea .....-...--.---- 619 
Elliptica (Mya) Eaton...........-.-..---- 539 
Elliptica (Unio) Rafinesque.........-.---- 744 
Ellipticum (Diplodon) Spix........-- 872, 873, 877 
Ellipticum (Pseudodon) Conrad.....----- 836 
Ellipticus (Margaron) Lea.....-.-.------ 877 
Ellipticus (Unio) Barnes......-.--.------ 539 
Ellipticus (Unio) Wagner.......-.------- 877, 879 
Elliptio Rafinesque ....-..-..-..-.------- 679, 700 
Elongata (Anodonta) Potiez & Michaud. 623 
Elongata (Brazzea) Bourguignat......-- 907 
Elongata (Burtonia) Bourguignat ......- 578 
Elongata (Damaris) Leach........-.-.---- 676 
Elongata (Grandidieria) Bourguignat ... 830 
Elongata (Hyria) Swainson...........--- 871 
Elongata (Iridina) Sowerby ....--.------ 903 
Elongata (Margarita) Lea........-..----- 928 
Elongata (Mutela) Peetel....-........---- 903 
Elongata (Platiris) Lea ..............---- 903 
Elongata (Triquetra) H.and A. Adams... 871 
Elongata (Unio) Goodrich ........------- 536 
Elongata (Unio) Lamarck.........---.--- 676 
Elongata (Unio) Michaud..........------ 697 
Elongatula (Unio) C. Pfeiffer .........-.- 684 
Elongatulus (Margarita) Lea ..........-- 684 
Elongatulus (Margaron) Lea ......-..-.-- 684 


Elongatulus (Unio) C. Pfeiffer. ....--..-- 513-684 


Elongatus (Anodon) Swainson .......-.- 928 
Elongatus (Glabaris) Swainson .......--- 928 
Elongatus (Pleiodon) Bourguignat....... 908 
Emarginata (Solenaia) Lea ...........-.- 655 
Emarginatus (Anodonta) Clessin ......-- 655 
Emarginatus (Margarita) Lea............ 696 
Emarginatus (Margaron) Lea..-.-....--. 696 
Emarginatus (Mycetopus) Lea .........-. 655 
Emarginatus (Platiris) Lea........-..-.-- 655 
Emarginatus (Solenaia) Lea......-....-. 656 
Emarginatus (Unio) Lea..........---.... 695 
Embia (Anodonta) Bourguignat ......... 627 
Emesensis (Margaron) Lea ...........--- 698 
Emesensis (Unio) Lea .....-...---------- 693 
Emini (Nodularia) von Martens .......-. 823 
Emini (Unio) von Martens.............-. 823 
Emmonsii (Margaron) Lea.........-.-..- 735 
HMMM STN (WiTO) wlve ae ae en ee: 735 
Enearpa (Plagiola) Lea .......----------- 607 
Encarpus (Margaron) Lea.........--.--:- 607 
Enearpus (Unio) Lea.....-..-.---.-...--- 607 
Endobranchizeies-soeeereeereeoeeee ene olon306 
Ensiformis (Anodon) Spix ..-.......-..-.-- 932 
Ensiformis (Glabaris) Spix............... 931, 932 
Ensiformis (Iridina) Lea ....-......-...-. 932 


Ensiformis (Margarita) Lea .............. 932 


Ensiformis (Margaron) Lea .........----- 932 
Episcopalis (Unio) Tristram............-. 694, 
Errans (Margaron) Lea.... .......----.-- 730 
ID AA HOEH((LWpMO)) IVES oocoscossscoobeescouacs 730 
Hschatigente sass cene ee coer 014, 614 
Essoensis (Nodularia) Chaper.......-..-. 822 
Essoensis (Unio) Chaper ........-.-.-.--- 822 
Estabrokianus (Unio) Petel ...........-- 763 


Estabrookianus (Margaron) Lea 
Estabrookianus (Unio) Lea ...-.-...--.-- 
Esula (Iridina) d’Orbigny.......-....-.-- 
Esula (Leila) d’Orbigny......-.-..-.----- 
Esula (Margarita) Lea.........-...-----.- 
Esula (Margaron) Lea.........:.....---.- 
Etawahensis (Margaritana) Conrad...-.- 
Etawahensis (Margaritana) Lea .......-. 
Eucirrus (Margaron) Lea ........-....:..- 
Eucirrus (Unio) Bourguignat .-.......... 
Eucyphus (Unio) Bourguignat........-.. 
HutirayGistelieeeassesee ese ce eerie 
Euphratica Churchillianus (Gabillotia) 

Bourguignat 
Euphratica (Gabillotia) Bourguignat.... 
Euphratica (Leguminaia) Westerlund ... 
Euphratica (Margaritana) Kobelt 
Euphratica (Pseudodon) Conrad 
Euphymus (Unio) Charmes 
Eurhynchus (Unio) Kuster 
Europe (Anodonta) Leach 
BUnyniavRannlesguc asses eee sa ssee eee 
Euscaphys (Anodonta) Heude 
Evanescens (Unio) Mousson ..........-.. 
Evansi (Diplodon) Adams and Angas.... 
Evansi (Margaritana) Peetel 
Evansi (Margaron) Lea ........-------.-. 
Evansi (Unio) Adams and Angas ......-. 
Evitatus (Margaron) Lea 
Byvatatus!(Wmio) sears tees seeeeeereee 
Exactus (Margaron) Lea 
Exactusi(Um10) | Wealmen-seseeeeeseseeeeeee 
Exacutusi (Unio) MLearencssesseeaceeeeeee 
Exanthemeticus (Lamellidens) Kuster .. 
Exanthemeticus (Unio) Kuster .........- 
Exasperata (Hyria) Sowerby....-.-.----. 
Excavatus (Lampsilis) Lea 
Exeavatus: (Unio) leases) essen eeteeeee 
Excultus (Unio) Conrad........-...-...-. 
Excurvyata (Anodonta) De Kay 
Exiguus (Margaron) Lea 
IDp-a UD) (Osh) IWS adcoaseconocosaucoccc 
Exilior (Anodonta) Lea ........--..-.-.-- 
Exilis (Anodon) Catlow and Reeve ...-.. 
Exilis (Anodon) Sowerby 
Exilis (Anodonta) Lea ...........-...-...- 
Exilis (Margarita) Lea ......-.....-.----- 
Hxalisi(Margarom)Wealeeccee-e-seeeeceas 
Exilis (Monocondylea) Pzetel 


**Exilis (Monocondylus) Morelet ..-.....-- 


Exilis (Pilsbryoconcha) Lea 
Exilis (Pseudodon) Morelet...-.........- 
Exilis) (Unio) Dunkersie32s22eseee eee 
Eximia (Anodonta) Bourguignat ........ 
Eximia (Brazzea) Bourguignat......-... 
Eximium (Colletopterum) Bourguignat.. 
Eximius (Margaron) Lea....-...........- 
Eximius (Physunio) Lea ...............-- 
Eximius) (Unio) sbeareresse ease eee eee 
Nxobranchisesass4-he eee eee ce nae ee eee 
Exolescens (Margaron) Lea ......-...---- 
Exolescens (Trapezoideus) Gould........ 
Exolescens (Unio) Gould...........------ 
Exotica (Anodon) Sowerby ..-.----------- 
Exotica (Anodonta) Blainville........... 


688 


902 


588 
088, 818 
588 
839 
587 
839 
818 
649 
907 
649 
831_ 
831 
831 
514 
859. 
859 
859 
927 
903 


INDEX. 
Page. 

Exotica (Anodonta) Lamarck.....-....-. 916 | Favidens pinax (Parreysia) Benson...... 
Exotica (Columba) Petel..........---.---- 924 | Favidens pinax (Unio) Hanley and Theo- 
Exotica (Iridina) Children.............-. 908 [EWG easenddooduddsuaccauoacuasbodbasnes 
HExotica (Iridina) Lamarck..........-...- 902,903 | Favidens plagiosoma (Parreysia) Benson. 
Exotica (Mutela) Lamarck..........-.--- 903 | Favidens plagiosoma (Unio) Hanley and 
HOtICaIGelatinis) Wearenasceeeeerieca= cee 903 Mneobaldeeger sees ceca ceeere seer 
Exoticus (Anodonta) Lamarck........--- O24a PHavidens! (Umio) Pleas sses sess seeee ee 
HOCUS eelelodom)sPeetelis-ese- emcee 903 | Favosa (Pleurobema) Lea..........-..... 
Expansus (Diplodon) Kuster...........-- 874 | Favosus (Margaron) Lea ................. 
iH xpansusy(WUmio)) Kuster =s2-<-25- 5455s Si Haviosusy (Umi10)) beaeeseee essere seas 
Explicatus (Lampsilis) Morelet .........- 571 | Fee (Parreysia) Tapperone-Canefri...... 
Explicatus (Unio) Morelet ..............- 571 | Fee (Unio) Tapperone-Canefri..........- 
yxtensus (Margarom) Lea...-....----.--- 731 | Feddeni (Parreysia) Theobald ........... 
Hxcensusy (Wmio) eases. -seeseee = -eeee == (ol eheddenig@Umo) enheobaldesssseeesereee se 
Exulcerata (Anodonta) Porro....-.....-- 623 | Fellmani (Margaron) Lea ................ 
Haan (MaArearita,)) Wea aera cee eiclae mci 877 | Fellmani (Unio) Deshayes ............... 
Faba (Margaron) Lea ......--.--.-..-.--- 877 | Feminalis (Anodonta) Gould..........-.. 
aban (Unio )adtOrbieniyeces-s-2 sees aes eee- 877 | Fenouilli (Anodonta) Heude............. 
Fabaceus (Margaron) Lea..........---..- 549 | Ferrarisii (Anodonta) d’Orbigny .......-- 
iHabaceus (Wino) Mueasecssec. + se neces 549) Herrissit (Unio) Marshessos-see-e- ee acceae 
Fabagina (Parreysia) Deshayes .......--- 847 | Ferruginea (Anodonta) Lea.............. 
Fabagina (Unio) Deshayes ......-.....-.- 847 | Ferruginea (Margaron) Lea ........-..--- 
Fabalis (Margaron) Lea.........-...--.-- 525 | Ferussaciana (Anodonta) Ferussac..-..-- 
Fabalis (Micromya) Lea......-......-...- 625 | Ferussaciana (Anodonta) Lea........ 504 
Fabalis (Margarita) Lea...........---.-.- 525 | Ferussaciana (Margarita) Lea ............ 
TONS (WiawO)) IUCR ocoseagacosaouseoeegoos 524,525 | Ferussaciana (Margaron) Lea............ 
Fabula (Baphia) H. and A. Adams....-.-. 661 | Ferussacianus (Anodontoides) Lea....... 
Fabula (Margarita) Lea ..........-.-.----- 661 | Ferussacianus (Margaron) Lea ........... 
Fabula (Margaritana) Lea ..............- 660, 661 | Ferussacianus modestus (Anodontoides) 
Fabula (Margaron) Lea ....-...--..-----. 661 ease ea eee Sanaa ase seateceeeele eee 
Fabula (Micromya) Agassiz...........--- 661 | Ferussacianus subcylindraceus (Anodon- 
Hal way (Pegias) ean se asceeeeneceecccae 661 toides): Meayeessa- acess nese oaeceeeeee 
Fabula (Strophitus) Conrad.............. 661 | Ferussacianus (Unio) Lea.............-.- 
HalouilayCWUmi1o) WHamileyges sea cseseseciecea se 661 | Fibrosa (Quadrula) Heude............... 
Faidherbi (Reneus) Jousseaume .......-- 8227 = Mibrosus: (Unio) Heudetea:2eececeeeceneee 
Falcata (Alasmodon) Gould............-. 677 | Fibuloides (Margaron) Lea.............-.. 
Falcata (Solenaia) Higgins........-...... 656 | Fibuloides (Unio) Lea..--.-.............. 
Faleatus (Mycetopus) Higgins ........... 656 | Filippiana (Anodon) Heude.............. 
Halcatwsy (latins) ue es = 4.5 eee eee 656 | Firmus beettgeri (Diplodon) von Ihering . 
Falcatus (Unio) Sowerby........-..--...- 677 | Firmus beettgeri (Unio) von Ihering ....-. 
Fallaciosus (Lampsilis) Simpson ......... Si Rirmus) (Diplodomn)sbeassetesc ee eseceecee. 
Hallax (Margaron) lea-..:222.--.-.-2-.-: 548 | Firmus (Margaron) Lea.................. 
Alle. (OMIM) bE soscosucssdoososseccsose 54855|) Hirmms (Unio) pHeudessesereacee pees 
Falsus (Glabaris) Simpson .......2......- OBA || Lathe sors ((LOhawto))) Ie ese sao dscacossocudsood 
Famelicus (Margaron) Lea............... 879 | Fiscallianus (Unio) Kleciach ............ 
Famelicus (Unio) Gould. ................ 879 | Fischeriana (Nodularia) L. Morlet.....-. 
Fantoziana (Anodon) Heude............. 639 | Fischerianus (Unio) L. Morlet ........... 
Fasciata (Unio) Rafinesque ............-- 744 | Fisherianus (Margarita) Lea -..........--. 
HASciatwss(WiM1O) i Saye-secesc ee eeeee cet. 539 | Fisherianus (Margaron) Lea........-.... 
Fasciola (Lampsilis) Rafinesque ......-... 577 | Fisherianus (Unio) Lea..........- 7... 584 
Fasciolaris (Obliquaria) Rafinesque....-. 744 | Fissidens (Nodularia) Bottger..........-. 
Fasciolaris (Unio) Conrad............ sage 612 | Fissidens (Unio) Bottger...-...2..-22-.-- 
Fasciolus (Unio) Conrad......-..........- 556 | Flarescens (Unio) Petel ....-.......-...- 
Fasciolus (Unio) Ferussac..............-. 527 | Flava (Anodon) Anthony..-..--..-..-..- 
Hasciolus)(Umi0)) Sayeseses- aces ceaeeee eee 532 | Flava (Obliquaria) Rafinesque.......---- 
Fassinans (Margaron) Lea ........-.---.- 762 | Flavescens (Margaron) Lea..........:-.- 
Fassinans (Pleurobema) Lea............. 762 | Flavescens (Ptychobranchus) Lea ....... 
Fassinans rhomboidea ( Pleurobema ) Plavescens (Unio): Lea -_--:22..2..5.-.2.- 

Sim PSOMM eee see cect ce acces sae 762m blavi dens) (Unio) seeetel ees ccceeracte se 
Hassinans| (Wmio) Lea... --222222c-------- 762 | Flavidulus (Margaron) Lea....-....2-.-- 
Fatuus (Lampsilis) Lea .................. 553 | Flavidulus (Pleurobema) Lea..........-- 
Fatuus (Margaron) Lea ......-.. Sepa re Ddoui|eHlavidulusy((Umio) eave c-e- ees sesecnaee 
Hatuisi(Umio)wbeaimceacensseeceeee eee. bbs peblavadus) (Unio) beays22s22 252 eae ese 
Favidens marcens (Unio) Benson....-..-.. 843 | Flavus rubiginosus (Unio) Petel......... 
Favidens (Margaron) Lea..........-.---- 842) Mlavusi(Unio)Conmrad\t22 ccs sce ccece 
Favidens (Parreysia) Benson ............ 842, 843 Flexuosa (Dysnomia) Agassiz......--..-. 


692 
657, 658 
639 


617 


659 


735 


$27 


1014 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 

Flexuosa (Obliquaria) Rafinesque ....--. 744 | Fouladougouensis (Nodularia) Joussea- : 
Flexuosa (Quadrula) Simpson ......-.-.- 790 WONG os5056 EEN EES Maa Me SBE GonanaoaG 823 
Flexuosus (Unio) Conrad .........-----.- 521 | Fouladougouensis (Reneus) Jousseaume. 823 
Flexus (Toxolasma) Rafinesque........-. 744 | Fragilis (Anodonta) Fitzinger ........... 648 
Florentina (Truncilla) Lea .........-..--- 524 | Fragilis (Anodonta) Lamarck...........- 632, 633 
Florentinus (Margaron) Lea .........-..- 524 | Fragilis gracilis (Unio) Petel ............ 574 
Florentinus (Unio) Lea ...............--- 524 | Fragilis (Lasmonus) Rafinesque ........- 744 
Florida (Anodon) Heude....-.....--.-..- 639 | Fragilis (Margarita) Lea .............--.-. 632 
Floridensis (Margaron) Lea........-..... 544 | Fragilis (Margaritana) Kuster ........... 836 
Floridensis (Unio) Lea............------- 544 | Fragilis (Margaron) Lea ..............-.. 632 
Floridensis (Unio) 8. H. Wright.......... 560 | Fragilis (Metaptera) Conrad .......-..-.- 574 
Fluctiger (Margaron) Lea............-.-- 814 | Fragilis (Microcondylea) Peetel ......... 836 
Fluctiger (Nodularia) Lea ..........-..--- $14, | Fragilis (Symphynota) Ferussac ......... 574 
Fluctiger (Unio) Lea............-.-.--.-- 814 | Fragilis (Unio) Nevill...................- 858 
Fluminea (Anodonta) Heude..........-. 640 | Fragilis (Unio) Rafinesque...-- ASS 744 
Fluviatilis (Anodonta) Bose .....--.-.--- 631 | Fragilis (Unio) Sowerby ....-.-.-.----.-- 883 
Fluviatilis (Margarita) Lea ...........--- 631 | Fragilis (Unio) Swainson ...........-..-- 573 
Fluviatilis (Margaron) Lea .........-...- 631 | Fragosa (Quadrula) Conrad.-............ 777 
Fluviatilis (Mytilus) Dillwyn ___-....-..-. 631 | Fragosus (Margarita) Lea................ 717 
Fluviatilis (Unio) Green .....-.-...-.-.-- 721 | Fragosus (Margaron) Lea...............- T77 
Flyensis (Diplodon) Tapperone-Canefri- . 890 | Fragosus (Unio) Conrad ............--.-- 777 
Flyensis (Unio) Tapperone-Canefri ....-. 890 | Franciscana (Aplodon) Lea....-...-....- 912 
Fokkesi (Unio) Dunker...........-....-- 894 | Franciscana (Margarita) Lea ............ 912 
Holiacea, (Unio) Goulds: 5252 cscs secre 858 | Franciscana (Margaron) Lea ...........- 912 
Foliaceus comptus (Trapezoideus) Des- Franciscana (Monocondylea) Moricand. 912 

hayes and Jullien ...........-.....-..-- 858 | Franciscana (Unio) Moricand............ 912 
Foliaceus (Margaron) Lea .....-..-.----- 858 | Fraternus (Margaron) Lea..............- 709 
Foliaceus (Trapezoideus) Gould ......... 858))\) Hraternus ((Umio) Mier e tee eeeeeeeeeee 709 
Foliata (Truncilla) Hildreth ............- 521 | Frenzellii (Diplodon) von Ihering....... 882 
Foliatus (Margarita) Lea..-.......-.-..-- 521 | Frenzellii (Unio) von Ihering............ 882 
Foliatus (Margaron) Lea.....-......----- 521 | Friersoni (Quadrula) B.H. Wright....... 787 
Foliatus (Unio) Hildreth.......-.......-. 521 | Friersoni (Unio) B. H. Wright............ 787 
Folliculatus (Margarita) Lea..........--. 737 | Friniana (Anodon) Heude .......-....... 638 
Folliculatus (Margaron) Lea......-.-..-. 737 | Fryanus (Unio) B.H. Wright............. 714 
Folliculatus (Unio) Lea...-..--....-.---- 737 | Fucatus (Margaron) Lea..........-...... 542 
Foncki (Unio) Philippi .............----- 882 | Fucatus (Mytilus) Dillwyn......-........ 622 
Fontaineana (Unio) d’Orbigny .....----. 886 | Fucatus (Unio) Lea................-.....- 542 
Fontainiana (Unio) d’Orbigny......-..--- 886 | Fulgens (Lampsilis) Rafinesque ......... 577 
Fontainianus (Diplodon) d’Orbigny ...-. 886 | Fulgidus (Margaron) Lea..........--.....- 789 
Fontainianus (Margaron) Lea .........-- 886 | Fulgidus (Unio) Lea..................... 789 
Fontanus (Unio) Conrad..........--.--.. 547 | Fuliginosus (Margaron) Lea...........-.. 727 
Fontinalis (Unio) Rafinesque .....-....-- 744 | Fuliginosus (Unio) Lea .........-..-.-..- 722, 727 
Footei (Arcidopsis) Theobald ...-........ 861 | Fuligo (Unio) Lea...............-.....-.- 551 
Footei (Unio) Theobald...........---..-- 861 | Fulmineus (Unio) Philippi .............. 841 
Footiana (Anodonta) Lea........-------- 625, 642 | Fulvaster (Nodularia) Drouet and Cha- 
Footiana (Margaron) Lea..........------ 642 POL tecicie lca Sees ae ONC aes aes eee 819 
Forbesiana (Anodonta) Lea.....-.......- 927 | Fulvaster (Unio) Drouet and Chaper .... 819 
Forbesiana (Margaron) Lea............-. 707,927 | Fulvus (Margarita) Lea.........-.....-.- 709 
Forbesianus (Glabaris) Lea...........-.-. 27 | Fulvus (Margaron) Lea..-.......-...-..- 709 
Forbesianus (Unio) Lea .............-..-- 107s ulus) (Unio) Wiear-neeeeeeeeee ees eeeeee 709 
Foremanianus (Margaron) Lea ........--. 613 | Fulvus (Unio) Rafinesque...........-.--. 744 
Foremanianus (Ptychobranchus) Lea.... 613 | Fumatus (Margaron) Lea..........-..--. 726 
Foremanianus (Unio) Lea .......-...-... 613)>) Bumatus!(Umio) Wear sees esse eee 726 
Formosus (Unio) Lea ............-.--.--: ol74| Hunckay(Unio)pReeteleesseeees-seeeeeeeeee 882 
Forscali (Unio) Parreyss ....-....----.--- 862 | Funebralis (Diplodon) Lea ........-.-...- 887 
Forsheyi (Margaron) Lea .............--- 778 | Funebralis (Margaron) Lea...........--- 887 
Forsheyi (Quadrula) Lea.............----. 778 | Funebralis (Unio) Lea .........-..--- 885, 886, 887 
Forsheyi (Unio) Lea........../..--:-....- 778 | Fureatum (Diplodon) Spix ............-- 871 
Fossiculifera (Anodonta) Petel.......... 914 | Furva (Pleurobema) Conrad.....-..-.-.-- 758 
Fossiculifera (Fossula) d’Orbigny.......- 914. | Furvus (Unio) Conrad .........-.......-- 
Fossiculifera (Margarita) Lea .........--. 914-| Fusca (Anodon) Heude.........---.-.---- 638 
Fossiculifera (Margaron) Lea ........---- 914 | Fuscatus (Margaron) Lea.:...........--- ALG » 
Fossiculifera (Monocondylea) Lea ...... 914 | Fuseatus (Unio) Lea....-...-...-- elas 717 
Fossiculiferus (Unio) Catlow and Reeve . 914 | Fusconaia Simpson........ ee SA ae SC 78h 
Fossulla’ eae sekseasncccee cae eee es 907, 515, 914 | Fusculus (Unio) Rossmiissler........-..-. 698 


758 


INDEX. 1015 
Page. Page. 

Gabbianus (Margaron) Lea.......-.----- 607 | Gibbosa (Amblema) Rafinesque.........- 7038, 744 
Gabbianus (Unio) Lea...........-..------ 607 | Gibbosa (Anodonta) Say .._....._...-.--- 635 
Gabillotia Sernvainen.4a.ssecesesees- 506,514,649 | Gibbosa dunlapiana (Anodonta) Lea ___. 636 
Gabonensis (Margaron) Lea...-.--..----- 823 | Gibbosa ( Dysnomia) Agassiz ......___._- 523 
Gabonensis (Nodularia) Kuster...-....-- 823 | Gibbosa.(Margarita) Lea................. 636 
Gabonensis ( Wmio) BKeUS tenseeeeeeeeeeeec 823 | Gibbosa (Margaron) Lea .......___.-_...- €36 
Gaditana (Mya) Schreibers -........-.--- S4es Gio bosan @Miya)) sa tom) sense hence eee ee 703 
Galilei (Unio) Locard............-----.-- 693 | Gibbosula Simpson...........__- 506, 509, 514, S04 
Gallandi (Anodonta) Bourguignat ...-.--- 648 | Gibbosus arcus (Unio) Conrad ........... 704 
Gancinensis (Spatha) Rochebrune.....-- 902 | Gibbosus armathwaitensis (Unio) B. H. 
Gangrenosus (Unio) Schmidt ..........-- 698 AWS Os eeeccre cae ee ss a ear 70h 
Garou (Umi10) ehilippieca.-sscs-s+ceo as: 678 | Gibbosus delicatus (Unio) Simpson ...... 704 
Gargotte (Unio) Rossmiissler .........-.- 698 | Gibbosus (Margarita) Lea ..........5....- 703 
Gassiesi (Diplodon) Kuster.........------ 881 | Gibbosus (Margaron) Lea................ 703 
Gassiesi (Unio) Kuster ...............---- 881 | Gibbosus perobliquus (Unio) Conrad..... 520 
Gastonensis (Margaron) Lea ....-...--..- 723 | Gibbosus perplexus (Unio) Petel ........ 523 
Gastonensis (Unio) Lea ..............---- 723 | Gibbosus subgibbosus (Unio) Lea........ COL 
Gaudichaudi (Margaron) Lea.......----- S129) Gab bosust@Uiniio) see aeaaes ee eee eee eee 510 
Gaudichaudi (Nodularia) Eydoux -.....-.. 812 | Gibbosus (Unio) Barnes.......... 504, 545, 703, 707 
Gaudichaudi (Unio) Eydoux...........-.. 812 | Gibbosus (Unio) Ferussac.___.-.......... 523 
Geddingsianus (Margaron) Lea .....-.--. 715 | Gibbum (Anodon) Benson ....--......-.- 638 
Geddingsianus (Unio) Lea ..........-..-- 715 | Gibbus (Unio) Spengler .................. 862 
Geminus (Margaron) Lea .......-...--.-- 733 | Gigantea (Anodonta) Lea........-..-..-. 643 
Geminns (Unio) ea... 0...-..---2-2---- 5: 733 | Gigantea (Cameronia) Bourguignat..._.. 909 
Generosus (Lamellidens) Gould.........- 857 | Gigantea (Columba) Petel..............- 923 
Generosus (Margaron) Lea..........----- 857 | Gigantea (Margarita) Lea................ 643 
Generosus (Unio) Gould ...........-..-.--- 857 | Gigantea (Margaron) Lea ................ 643 
Genezarethensis (Unio) Locard .......--. 690 | Giganteus (Anodon) Spix ...............- 916, 923 
Genthii (Margaron) Lea............-...-- dol Giganteus)(Umio)) Wearenn- ene a-eececcee 767 
Gentine (Wnio)) eases s44-442 25-555 ool | Gigas (Complanaria) Sowerby ..-........ 666 
Gentiliana (Barbala) Heude ...........-- 586 | Gigas (Megadomus) Swainson...........- 608, 666 
Gentiliana (Cristaria) Heude ............ 586 | Gigas (Unio) Sowerby ................--.- 608 
Genuinus (Margaron) Lea ....-.......--- 548 | Giraudi (Cameronia) Bourguignat ....._. 910 
Genuinus (Unio) GCA ee te siete See eras 548 | Giraudi (Grandidieria) Bourguignat..... 830 
Geometricus (Unio) Lea........-.-....--- 740 | Giullaini (Anodonta) H. and A. Adams... 933 
Georgiana (Alasmidonta) Lea..........-. CUO || Chay oats Caen s con coccécaseansoseccoucaas6 501, 
Georgiana (Margaritana) Lea ..........-- 670 507, 515, 648, 914, 916, 918, 919, 923, 926, 930, 932 
Georgiana (Margaron) Lea......-....---- 670 | Glaber (Margarita) Lea ....-............. 554 
Georgiana (Pleurobema) Lea ...-....-..-- 761) |>Glaber (Margaron)) eas -s- 4... 92s -ncesee 554 
Georgian (Anodonta) Griffith .......... C7 || Gel oer (What) Ico asacodegesasbeddsooce- 554 
Georgianee (Glabaris) Griffith ...........- 927 | Glabra (Anodonta) Stabile ............... 623 
Georgianus (Margaron) Lea............-- 761 | Glabrata (Unio) Lamarck ................ 721 
Georgianus)(Umio) bea. 32.-5-.22----2-26- 761 | Glabratus (Unio) Sowerby............... ea OOU 
Georgina (Unio) Lamarck................ 721 | Glabrus (Anodon) Sowerby ..-...-......- n922) 
Gerbidoni (Unio) Eydoux................ 811 | Gladiator (Unio) Ancey..................- 862 
Gerhardtii (Lampsilis) Lea............-.. 532 | Gladiolus (Nodularia) Heude ............ 807 
Gerhardtii (Margaron) Lea .....-..-..... 532);| Gladiolus (Unio) Heude....-2-.- 2.22222: 807 
Gerhardtii (Wmio) eas.css2.2526.5.e 2 ele 532 | Glandacea (Quadrula) Lea.............-- 793 
Germanus (Lampsilis) Lea......-....-... 565 | Glandaceus (Margaron) Lea ...........-.- 793 
Germanus (Margaron) Lea.........-.-..-- 565. | Glandaceus (Unio) Lea --..........-..--- 793 
Gerrardi (Unio) von Martens ...---....-- 822 | Glandulosa (Anodonta) Anthony ....-.--- 632 
Gesneri (Anodonta) Petel.......-.-2-.___- 634 | Glans (Lampsilis) Lea..............---.-- 565 
Gesnerii (Anodonta) Lea.....-..-.-.---_- 634 | Glans (Margarita) Lea ...........-..---.- 565 
Gesnerii (Margaritana) Lea ............-. 619 | Glans (Margaron) Lea.....--:..-.-2.2-5-- 565 
Gesnerii (Margaron) Lea..........-:...-. GI9KG34al Glanes (Wm10))Weasaceea-ces seen eer ce 565 
Gesnerii (Strophitus) Lea .....-........-. 619 | Glauca (Anodonta) Valenciennes......-- 926 
Gesnerik(Wnio)sbeameseren se sa-eeeeeeeea 727 | Glauca cinaloensis (Anodonta) Crosse and . 
Gianelli (Unio) Tapperone-Canefri....... 862 Misc erase ees ee ene 926 
Gibba (Margaron).Lea.....-....2.22:--.2- 638 | Glauca (Margarita) Lea ..-.......-..-..-- . 926 
Gibber (Margarita) Lea .................. 762 | Glauca (Margaron) Lea.............-.--- 926 
Gibber (Margaron) Lea -..--............- 762 | Glauca (Monocondylea) H.and A, Adams 926 
Gibber (Pleurobema) Lea........-.-....- 762.|Glaucinus (Unio) Porro .. 2.2 2.5..5... << 698 
Gibberi(Umio) pleases ssse se seeeeeeee 762 | Glaucus cinaloensis (Glabaris) Crosse and : 
Gibbesianus (Margaron) Lea............. a2 MMISCH ED issieeis sass SoS acai a oer a sielsi ewe OO: 
-Gibbesianus (Unio) Lea............2..2.- -. 732 |.Glaucus (Glabaris). Valenciennes..........924, 926 


1016 


INDEX. 

Page. Page. 
GlebulaiConrad tes eee eee eeeeee 506,514,597 | Granosus (Margaron) Lea........---.---- 879 
Glebulusi(WUmio) Sayers sere see ee eee eeeee 598 | Granosus (Unio) Schumacher.......-..-- 691 
Glenelgensis (Diplodon) Dennent....-... 889 | Grantianus (Unio) Bourguignat.......... 862 
Glenelgensis (Unio) Dennent .........---. 889 | Granulatus (Margaron) Lea.-.......-..... 565 
Globata (Quadrula) Lea......5....-..-.-- 793 | Granulatus (Truncilla) Rafinesque ...... 518 
Globaitus) (Wino) Wweameseeesecees- see ae 793 | Granulatus (Unio) Lea. 2 2-2-2225. 2.- =>. - 565 
Globosa (Anodonta) Lea ....-.....------- 646 | Granuliferus (Diplodon) Dunker......... 879 
Globosa (Margarita) Lea ........---.----- 530,646 | Granuliferus (Unio) Dunker............. 879 
Globosa (Margaron) Lea ........-.------- 646 | Granulosa (Grandidieria) Bourguignat... 829 
Globosa (Symphynota) Lea .....-..------ 530 | Gratiosa (Nodularia) Philippi.........---. 815 
Globosula (Anodonta) Heude....-..-.--. ‘640 | Gratiosus (Margaron) Lea.............-.- 815 
Globosus (Unio) Hanley.-........-.------- 530 | Gratiosus (Unio) Peetel--::.------2-2 22-2. 826 
Globullusi(Umio)yPeetell = 2. se eee: 598 | Gratiosus (Unio) Philippi....--...-...... 815 
Goascoranensis (Margaron) Lea......-..- 594 | Grateloupiana (Anodonta) Gassies....... 624 
Goascoranensis (Nephronaias) Lea ......- 594 | Grateloupiana (Pseudanodonta) Bour- 
Goascoranensis (Unio) Lea........-....-- 594 Rulonat poss eee cease eee ee eeete 624 
Gonidea ((Conrad))) 3:2 =2-5.42-22---2-- 506,514,657 | Gratus (Diplodon) Lea-...-.....-..-....-.- 886 
Gontieri (Unio) Bourguignat......-.--.-- 696 | Gratus (Margaron) Lea ..........-.. ise 886 
Gotteschei (Unio) von Martens ....-.-.-..-- 862 | Gratus (Unio) Lea....-.. Bee es yee: 886 
Gouldianus (Unio) Ward......-.---...-.- 789 | Gravida (Grandidieria) Bourguignat .-... 829 
Gouldii (Lampsilis) Lea.......-.-.-.----- 569 | Gravidus (Lampsilis) Rochebrune ..-...-. 830 
Gouldii (Margaron) Lea........-.-..----- 569 | Gravidus (Margaron) Lea.............--- 830 
GoulaiiT (Unio) ea) sees eset erence 569 | Gravidus (Physunio) Lea................. 830 
Gowhattenensis (Parreysia) Theobald .. . 8/5) | Gravidusi(Unio)) Weare see. ssseeeeeeee 830 
Gowhattenensis (Unio) Theobald.....-..- 845 | Gravis (Mya) Wood ......-....-.-.2...--- 539 
Gracilentus (Magaron) Lea .......-..---- 131 | MGravasi (Uni 0) pRectelipe eerste ere eee 539 
Gracilentus (Unio) Lea .........--..----- 731 | Grayana (Nodularia) Lea.........-...-.. 806 
Gracilior (Lampsilis) Lea .........-...--- 559 | Grayanus (Margarita) Lea............... 807 
Gracilior (Margaron) Lea .....-..-..-.--- 559 | Grayanus (Margaron) Lea..........-.... 807 
Gracilionrs (Umio)nuearee aseeeeeeeeeeerer: 559 | Grayanus (Nodularia)..-.....--..-.---... 809 
Gracilis (Anodon) Sowerby .....--------- 573,588 | Grayanus (Unio) Lea........--:.-.--.-2-- 806 
Gracilis (Anodonta) Lea ........-.-.-...- 833 | Grayanus (Unio) Schrenck.....-......... 807 
Gracilis (Dalliella) Lea ....-..-..-.-.----- 833 | Grayii (Unio) Griffith .......2.2...... eee 807 
Gracilis (Lampsilis) Barnes .....-....---- 573 | Grceefianus (Diplodon) von Ihering ...--.. 875 
Gracilis (Margarita) Lea ......-.--..-.--. 573 | Greefianus (Unio) von Ihering ...--...... 875 
Gracilis (Margaron) Lea -.-......-.-.---- 573, 833 | Grelloisianus (Unio) Bourguignat......-. 689 
Gracilis (Metaptera) Stimpson ......-..-: 5730) Greeni (Margarita) Weaieseeseeeeeeeeeee 614 
Gracilisk(Miya) atoneeeceee eee eeeeee sere 573 | Greeni (Margaron) Lea: -:--5-2 222222 eee 614 
Gracilis (Symphynota) Lea ............-. 73 | Greeni (Ptychobranchus) Conrad........ 614, 
Gracilis (Unio) Barmes\)-.22..5-2:2---5-.- 578,881 | Greeni (Unio) Conrad..............-..... 614 
Graellsianus (Unio) Bourguignat ......-. 686 | Griffithianus (Margarita) Lea............ 722 
Granadensis (Anodonta) Lea .....--..--- 922 | Griffithianus (Margaron) Lea ..........-- 722 
Granadensis (Glabaris) Lea .......-...---- 922 | Griffithianus (Unio) Lea ................: 722 
Granadensis (Margaron) Lea.........-.--- 744,922 | Grijalve (Anodonta) Morelet.-.-......-.- 926 
‘Granadensis (Unio) Conrad ....--......-- 598 | Grijalvee (Glabaris) Morelet.............. 926 
Granadensis (Unio) Lea...:......-..----- 744 | Grijoloe (Anodonta) Peetel ...-........2. 926 
Grandidens (Margaron) Lea ....--...---- 799 | Grcenlandicus (Unio) M6rch ..-........-.. 854 
AGrancidensi@Umio)MWeatasse ae ceeeeee tee 799 | Gruneriana (Anodonta) Clessin........-- 585 
Grandidieri (Unio) Bourguignat......... 846 | Guahybee (Unio) von Ihering ...... suet 894 
Grandidieria Bourguignat ........... 506, 515,827 | Guaraniana (Unio) d’Orbigny ........... 884 
‘Grandidieriana (Burtonia) Bourguignat. 578 | Guarayana (Margarita) Lea...........-.. 911 
Grandis (Anodonta) Say -..-...--- 633, 641, 647,648 | Guarayana (Margaron) Lea.............- 911 
Grandis benedictensis (Anodonta) Lea... 644 | Guarayana (Monocondylea) d’Orbigny.. 910, 911 
Grandis footiana (Anodonta) Lea........ 642 | Guarayana (Unio) Hanley ............... 911 
Grandis gigantea (Anodonta) Lea ....-... 643 | Guatemalensis (Quadrula) Simpson...--. 796 
Grandis leonensis (Anodonta) Lea....-.--. 643 | Gubernaculum (Unio) Reeve ...--...---. 523 
Grandis (Margarita) Lea _.-_............. 642 | Guillaini (Anodonta) Recluz...........-. 857, 858 
Grandis (Margaron) Lea .......-....-.--. 642 | Guillaini (Lamellidens) Recluz.......... 858 
Granifera pusilla (Quadrula) Simpson ... 795.| Guillemeti (Cameronia) Bourguignat.... 910 
Granifera (Quadrula) Lea ...-.........--- 795 | Guillemeti (Unio) Bourguignat ........-. 862 
Graniferus (Margarita) Lea ..........-.... 795 | Gundlachi (Nephronaias) Dunker. ...... 595 
Graniferus (Margaron) Lea .........-..-.-- 795 | Gundlachi (Unio) Dunker ....-........-. 595 
_Graniferus (Unio) Lea..........---------- 795 | Gundlachi(Unio) Sowerby.-...-..-.----- 595 
-Granosa (Unio) Bruguiere..........-.---. 878,879 | Guppyi (Ctenodesma) Smith...........-. 853 
Granosus (Diplodon) Bruguiere.-.......-. 878 | Habetatus (Margaron) Lea..........-..-- 787 
Granosus (Margarita) Lea.......---...--- 879 | Haconensis (Anodonta) von Ihering .... 640 


INDEX. LOM 

Page. Page. 

Haconensis (Nodularia) von Ihering....- 810 | Herculea (Anodonta) Middendorff..-....-. 584 
Haconensis (Unio) von Ihering....-..--- 810 | Herculea (Barbala) Peetel..............-. 584 
Hagleri (Pleurobema) Frierson....-..--- 757 | Herculea (Cristariv) Middendorff........ 58h 
Hagleri (Unio) Frierson........-----.---- 757 | Herculeus (Anodon) Sowerby....--.-.----- 584 
aon eig(Umio) i Strubellse ee ase esata 862 | Hermosus (Unio) Bourguignat.........-. 848 
Hainesiana (Chamberlainia) Lea .....-.. 5875 |e Elerodest (Unio) Kobelitissee 2 s-eece nesses 690 
Hainesianus (Margaron) Lea ........---- 582 | Heros multiplicatus (Unio) Peetel.......- 770 
Hainesianus (Unio) Lea..-.....----...--- Do |Eeross(@Quadnula)iSayeeeaee asc aee eee 770 
Haleianus (Lampsilis) Lea-......-.....-. 563,564 | Heros (Unio) Kuster. .................... 767 
Haleianus (Margaron) Lea-.....-..----.-- Hous PELCTOSH (UNIO) FSayeeeeeee eee eee ee cee enere 770, 771 
Haleiantisy (Wm) Weaeess seas s sae 564 | Hertwigii (Anodonta) von Ihering .-..-_.. 925 
Hallenbeckii (Anodonta) Lea.-.-...----- 634, | Hertwigii (Glabaris) von Ihering........ 925 
Hallenbeckii (Margaron) Lea........-.-- 726 | Heterodon (Alasmidonta) Lea ........--- 668, 669 
Hallenbeckii (Unio) Lea..........------- 726 | Heterodon (Margarita) Lea............-. 669 
Hamyanus (Unio) Bourguignat.....-..--- 862 | Heterodon (Margaron) Lea ..........-.-. 669 
Hanleyana (Castalia) Sowerby...---.---- 864 | Heterodon (Unio) Mea 222.22. 2222-522. 669 
Hanleyana (Pleurobema) Lea.......-..-- UR) || JBIGWEAROSOMED soccasaatoandasscentsengsausces Hilal HIG 
Hanleyanus (Unio) Lea...-..-...-.....-- 759 | Heudei (Cuneopsis) Heude............... 805 
Harlandi (Anodonta) Baird and Adams . 640 | Heudei (Unio) Heude..........-.......-. 805 
Harmandi (Monocondylea) Petel.....-. 836 | Hians (Alasmodon) Rafinesque ........-. 673 
Harmandi (Pseudodon) Crosse and Hians (Alasmodonta) Ferussac .......--- 665 
TAS CVOVET 3 As A UN aE eS oe et 836 | Hians (Anodon) Sowerby ...--.--.--.---- 915 
Harmandia Rochebrune .-....-..----- 506, 515, 827 | Hians (Unio) Valenciennes ...........--- 667 
Harperi (Pleurobema) B. H. Wright--..-- 759 | Higginsii (Lampsilis) Lea............---.- 540 
Harperi (Unio) B. H. Wright...-......-.-.- 759 | Higginsii (Margaron) Lea...-.....--.-.-- 540 
Harpethensis (Anodonta) Lea ......-.---- 6449 | PHigeinsii (Unio) heateessesaeee ee eens ee 540 
Harpethensis (Margaron) Lea........---- 644 | Hildrethi (Unio) Delessert -.............- 655 
Hartmaniana (Margaron) Lea ....-.-..--- 756 | Hildrethiana (Baphia) H.and A. Adams. 673 
Hartmaniana (Pleurobema) Lea-.-.-.-.-- 756 | Hildrethiana (Margaritana) B. H.Wright. 673 
Hartmanianus (Unio) Lea....-.....------ 7o6 | Hildrethiana (Strophitus) Conrad....___- 673 
Hartmanni (Spatha) von Martens....--- 898 | Hildrethianus (Margarita) Lea........... 673 
Hartwrighti (Unio) B..H. Wright .....--. 711 | Hildrethianus (Margaron) Lea......:-:.-- 673 
Hastatus-(Umio) lea -.2-2.----25..---2--- 727 | Hildrethianus (Unio) Lea...--.-.......-- 673 
Hauttecceuri edwardsiana (Parreysia) Einkleyat(Unio) Be Ho Wirightass se. ssse.- 710 
LXOUIAWEATA I cocsuadoaseocouSooUEoSabaed 846 | Hippopeeus (Margaron) Lea...---- See 767 
Hauttecceuri (Parreysia) Bourguignat -..- SiG um Eappopeeus! (Umio) eases se eee 767 
Hauttecceuri (Unio) Bourguignat ......-. 846 | Hippopceus (Unio) Peetel...-.......-...-- 767 
Haysiana (Scalenaria) Agassiz ........-- 520 | Hirundo (Chelidoneura) von Martens.... 906 
Haysiana (Trumcilla) Lea. ---.2-222.-.--- 520 | Hirundo (Chelidonopsis) von Martens... 906 
Haysianus (Margarita) Lea ...-.-....-.-.- 520 | Hirundo (Spatha) von Martens .......... 906 
Haysianus (Margaron) Lea ...-.--...---- 520 | Hispanus (Unio) Rossmassler ......-..--- 686 
Haysianus (Unio) Lea....-....-.--------- 520 | Hochstetieri (Unio) Dunker ...........-. 889 
Hazelhurstianus (Margaron) Lea ......-- 719 | Hockingensis (Anodonta) Call.....--..--- 648 
Hazelhurstianus (Unio) Lea -....-.------ 719 | Holstonensis (Margaron) Lea..........--- 747 
Hebes|(Margaronm) Wea mes seec cesses 742 | Holstonensis (Pleurobema) Lea..-......-- TAh6 
TSO) (What) JUN, SocdosGooosasocesadseoee 742 | Holstonia (Alasmidonta) Lea .........-.- 670 
Hebetata (Quadrula) Conrad ..........-. 787 | Holstonia (Baphia) H.and A. Adams..... 670 
Hebetatus (Unio) Conrad ...-..........-.- 787 | Holstonia (Margarita) Lea .......-.-....-. 670 
Heermannii (Margaron) Lea..........-.- 571 | Holstonia (Margaritana) Lea...........-- 670 
leerm amma) (Wm1o) Weaeene ce aeeee sees 571 | Holstonia (Margaron) Lea.-..........---- 670 
Heldi (Anodonta) Kuster....-.-.-....... 833 | Holstoniana (Margaritana) Kuster......-. 670 
EVelais (Wi) Ksustemace se eee aes 699 | Holstonianus (Unio) Hanley...-.-..-.--- 670 
ISIE, 54 555Gn0 9006 sododdecodoenDSogccosen 503 | Holtonis (Anodonta) Lea....--.-.-------- 921 
Helvetica (Anodonta) Bourguignat..... 625 | Holtonis (Glabaris) Lea ....-........-.--.- 921 
Hembeli (Margaritana) Conrad.......... 679 | Holtonis (Margaron) Lea........-.------- 921 
Hembeli (Margaron) Lea ..-........----- GD) || IOMNO EINES so sSoceoskocscousdacuacese 514, 620, 658 
Hembeli (Unio) Conrad .....-........ cae 679 | Homsensis (Margaron) Lea .......---.--- 693 
HemidoniSwainsonisses-scs-eeeeeee sees 667.4) Hlomsensis)@Umio)) eas: s35--- 2222 sce = - 693 
Hemilastena Agassiz ......:...------- 506,514,673 | Hopetonensis (Margarita) Lea.......-.--- 729 
Hemiodon Swainson ..-..-----..------.-- 667 | Hopetonensis (Margaron) Lea.......----- 729 
Hemiodonta Swainson .-:-2.-.---2.-.-2--- 667 | Hopetonensis (Unio) Lea-........-.-.-.---- 728 
Henryana- (Anodonta) Lea.....-..-....-- 635 | Horda (Anodon) Gould ...........------- 635 
Henryana (Margaron) Lea .........-.---. 635 | Hordeum (Anodon) Sowerby ....-------- 633 
Hepaticus (Margaron) Lea..............- 717 | Horei (Grandidieria) Bourguignat....... 823 
Hepaticus (Unio) Lea....-.......-:..---- 717 | Horei (Nodularia) E. A.Smith............ 823 


1018 INDEX. 


Page Page 

Houghtonensis (Anodonta) Currier...-.. 643 | Inerassatus (Mytilus) Sheppard.......... 623 
Houngdaranicus (Unio) Tapperone-Can- Inerassatus (Unio) Lea..........-..-:..-. 707 

CMs saad Bose sacks Geeakiaes oases cee 844 |, Incurvus (Unio) Lea .............-.------ - 692 
Housatonica (Anodonta) Linsley......--- 634 | Indecora (Anodon) Heude..........-..-.- 6389 
Housei (Margaron) Lea..........--.---.- 580 | Indefinitus (Margaron) Lea......-..-..-- 724 : 
SOWIE (Oia) ILE, cocoococecoocosdesscoe 580 | Indefinitus (Unio) Lea................--- 723 ; 
Houstonensis (Margaron) Lea....:....---. 782 | Indicus (Margaron) Lea ...-..--....---.- 844 ’ 
Houstonensis (Quadrula) Lea..........-. 782 | Indicus (Unio) Sowerby.....-........---- 844 
Houstonensis (Unio) Lea............-..-. 782 | Ineptus (Margaron) Lea................-- 742 
Hueti (Unio) Bourguignat................ ; 687 |, Ineptus (Unio) Leas -222 222-22 22--- ee 742 
Hueti (Unio) Kobelt ..........-.----:---- 694 | Inerme (Aplodon) Spix .......-.--.------ ~ O11 
Humerosus (Margaron) Lea............-- 724 | Inerme (Monocondylea) Spix ........... 911 
Humerosus (Unio) Lea......-.-..-.---.-- 724 | Inflata (Anodonta) Rafinesque ....-.-... 648 
Humilis (Margaron) Lea.....-..-.-:.---- 811 | Inflata (Castalia) d’Orbigny ............- 863 
FEhumilisi(Umio) Mea sessencese eee 811 | Inflata (Metaptera) Conrad ............-. 574 
Hupeana (Mycetopoda) Clessin.....-..--- 935 | Inflata (Mya) Batons... 2.32222 n-sececns 534 
Hupeanus (Mycetopus) Clessin ......-.--. 935 | Inflata (Symphynota) Lea ............-.. _ 574 
Hyalinus (Margaron) Lea ..........-...-- 663 | Inflatus (Margarita) Lea...............- 574 — 
Ehyallimse (Umi) plea snceneeeeeececercces 663 | Inflatus (Margaron) Lea ........-..--.-.- 574 
Hydianus (Lampsilis) Lea ......-..-.-.--- 536 | Inflatus (Unio) Barnes ........-......--s- 534 
Hydianus (Margarita) Lea........-.--.-- 536 | Inflatus (Unio) Conrad .......-.........- 568 
Hydianus (Margaron) Lea .......--.----. 536) || Imflatus|(Umi0) Han Gye assesses 574 
Hydianus (Unio) Kuster .....-..-...--.-- 534 | Infrarostatus (Unio) Schepman.......... 581 
Ehycianus) (Unio) Mearseces-ceassseeceeeee 586 | Infucata (Quadrula) Lea -___............. 783, 784 
Hygapanus (Nodularia) Bottger ......... 827 | Infucatus (Margarita) Lea ........ aces 784 
Hygapanus (Unio) Bottger............---. 827 | Infucatus (Margaron) Lea ............-5- 784 
Ehyleea (Unio) id Oxrbignyes-eseee eee eee 884 | Infucatus (Unio) Conrad..........--..-.- 784 - 
Hyleus (Diplodon) d@’Orbigny -....-...-. 88), Infulgen's (Unio) Wears. sees eeee 724 
Hyleus (Margaron) Lea .........---.-... 884 | Infuscus (Unio) Lea......-....-.--.-.--.- 724 
Hivyriaplamarckaereseasececeesceeeree 506,515, 868 | Ingallsiana (Nodularia) Lea ...........-- 816 
la Bebo) Srboa} NO) No scscnecoesocoaasaconsce 872 | Ingallsianus (Margaron) Lea ..........-. 816 
FLY TIAN ese iageme. acces ee cone emele eee 501,515, 806 | Ingallsianus (Unio) Lea.........-.-...--. 816 
Hyridella Swainson .....................- 888 | Inornata (Anodonta) Anthony .....-.... 644 
Hypsiprimnus (Parreysia) von Martens. . 849 | Inornata (Anodonta) Kuster...........-- 625 
Hypsiprimnus (Unio) von Martens...._.. 849 | Inornata (Nodularia) Lea.............--- 813 
Hyriopsis Conrad..........-.-. 505, 506, 511,514,578 | Inornatus (Margaron) Lea.....-...---... «813 
Tanthinus (Unio) Philippi ............... 881 | Inornatus (Unio) Lea........-....-.----- 813 
Icterinus (Unio) Conrad ...............-. 727 | Inornatus (Unio) Reeve.............-..-- 814 
Idgi (Unio) Bourguignat ...-......-...... 862 | Inoscularis (Anodon) Gould ..........--- 837 
Idrina (Anodonta) Spinelli............... 624 | Inoscularis (Margaritana) Petel ......... 837 
TheringellayPilsbryescseeceseceeeee ce 507,515,913 | Inoscularis (Margaron) Lea...........--- 837 
Theringi (Anodonta) Clessin ...........-.. 919 | Inoscularis (Pseudodon) Gould .......--. 837 
Iheringi (Glabaris) Clessin .......-..-.--- 919 | Insignis (Grandidieria) Bourguignat...-. 828 
Iheringi (Unio) Clessin..................- 894 | Insolidus (Unio) Lea..................--. 664 
Theringi (Unio) B. H. Wright.....-....... 712,895 | Instructa (Pleurobema) Lea ............- 756 
Mquit(Wnio) Solevletso ss jase eee ee 862 | Instructus (Margaron) Lea..........-..-. 756 
Imbecillis (Anodonta) Say ......-..-..--.- 634,635 | Instructus (Unio) Lea.................--- 756 
Imbecillis (Margaron) Lea............--. 635 | Insularis (Dalliella) Drouet ....-....-..-. 83h 
Imbricata (Anodonta) Anthony ......... 643 | Insularis (Pseudodon) Drouet...........- 834 
Imbricatus (Unio) Mérch ......_________- 607 | Insulsus (Margaron) Lea.........-...-..- 716 
Imperialis (Unio) Morelet..........-..... 582 | Insulsus (Unio) Lea .-....-..2.......-..-- 716 
Implicata (Anodonta) Say......--.--..-. 633 | Intercedens (Margaron) Lea............. 548 
Implicata (Margaron) Lea............... 633 | Intercedens (Unio) Lea...........--..--- _ 548 
Impressa (Alasmodonta) Anthony....... 670 | Intermedia (Anodonta) Lamarck.....-... 623 
Impura (Anodonta) Say ...-.....-.---.-- 635 | Intermedia (Quadrula) Conrad .......... 775 
Inzequalis (Unio) Rochebrune..........-.. 862 | Intermedius (Margaron) Conrad........-. 779 
Inequivalvis (Anodonta) Lea............ 922 | Intermedius (Unio) Conrad...........-... 775 
Ineequivalvis (Glabaris) Lea...........-.- 922 | Intermerata (Anodon) Heude........-..- 639 
Inequivalvis (Margaron) Lea..........-.- 922 | Interrupta (Truncilla) Agassiz........... 518 
Incarnata (Grandidieria) Bourguignat. -. 830 | Interruptus (Margarita) Lea ............- 541 
Incarum (Anodonta) Philippi-.....-..... 921 | Interruptus (Margaron) Lea ............. 541 
Inearum (Glabaris) Philippi ....-......-- 921 | Interruptus (Unio) Conrad............--- 518 
Incerta (Anodonta) Lea___......-...----- 635 | Interruptus (Unio) Lea ..-.2.....-------: 541 
Incerta (Margarita) Lea......-.-...------ 635 | Interruptus (Unio) Say .-.-.....-.-. secs Sei 
Incertus (Ptychorhynchus) Simpson....- 851 | Interventus (Pleurobema) Lea....... eer 753 
Incrassatus (Margaron) Lea......---.---.- 707 | Interventus (Unio) Lea................-- 793 


Imusitatis) (Wmio) Leae.--- 2. --2-224-<- 5-2 
Inusitatus (Margaron) Lea.............-. 
Inusitatus (Unio) B. H. Wright 
ImivenMustus) (Wimio) bea sre asia se) sial- 
Involuta (Nodularia) Benson............ 
Involutus (Margaron) Lea 
Involutus (Unio) Benson 
Iridescens (Unio) Conrad 
Tridina Lamarck 
IDRKCIINES Soe Sad atae ae eteO ne Gate nese Ganeae 
Tridinea (Solenaia) Heude 
Iridineus (Mycetopus) Heude.........--. 
Trisans (Anodon) Anthony..-.....---.---- 
Tris (Lampsilis) Lea.................. 
ealrisn (Mame ariita) SSCA eras ils eer se 
irish(Mangarom)) Weae. ss. 4-cs--4-4-ceseeee 
Tris (Unio) Lea 
Trrasa (Pleurobema) Lea 
Irrasus (Margaron) Lea 
Irrasus (Unio) Lea 
Irregularis (Anodon) Heude 
Irrorata (Cyprogenia) Lea 
Trrorata Pusilla (Cyprogenia) Simpson... 
Irrorata (Theliderma) Swainson........- 
Irrorata (Unio) Deshayes 
Irroratus (Margarita) Lea.........-----.. 
Irroratus (Margaron) Lea 
TAROT AES) (WA) Ike so sesoosoecsasc. 
Irwinensis (Unio) Lea 
Isocardioides (Iheringella) Lea 
Isocardioides (Margaron) Lea 
Isoecardioides (Plagiodon) Lea 
Isocardioides (Unio) Sowerby.....-....-- 
Jacobeus (Unio) Philippi 
Jacquemini (Unio) Dupuy 
Jaculus (Unio) Rochebrune.............. 
Jamesianus (Margaron) Lea 
Jamesianus (Unio) Lea 
Japanensis jokohamensis 

von Ihering 
Japanensis (Margaron) Lea 
Japanensis (Nodularia) Lea........-..... 
Japanensis (Unio) Lea 
Japanensis (Unio) Kobelt...... ......--. 
Japonica (Anodonta) von Martens....--. 
Jaspideus (Margaron) Lea 
Jaspidea (Monocondylea) Hupé 
Jaspides; (Umio)=Hupe assent see eee 
Jauberti (Unio) Locard 
Javana (Anodon) Sowerby.....-...------ 
Javanus (Margaron) Lea.............---- 
Jayanus (Unio) Lea 
Jayanus (Margaron) Lea.........--.-.--- 
Jayanus (Unio) B.H. Wright.......-..--- 
Jayensis (Margarita) Lea 
Jayensis (Margaron) Lea..........---.--. 
Jayensis (Unio) Lea....-.....----2--.---- 
Jeffreysianus (Diplodon) Lea 
Jeffreysianus (Unio) Lea.............---- 
Jejunus (Margarita) Lea 
Jejunus (Margaron) Lea 
Jejunus (Unio) Lea 
Jenkinsianus (Lamellidens) Benson 
Jenkinsianus (Unio) Benson 
Jewittiana (Anodonta) Lea 


(Nodularia) 


Jewittianus (Glabaris) Lea...........-... . 


INDEX. 
Page. 

729 | Jewittii (Anodonta) Lea ................. 
729 | Jewittii (Margaron) Lea........-...-..... 
TPE) |) VENA (OpovOy) IL@H Soest oesdonoosesoudeocu 
725 | Jickeli (Nodularia) Simpson ..........-.. 
817 | Juliani (Nodularia) Rang................ 
Sime duliamiy (Unio) sRangese. eee es eee eee 
817 | Johannis (Margaron) Lea................ 
744 | Johannis (Pleurobema) Lea.............. 
902m eJohannish(WUmio)sbeaeeesssen-cneeeee reese 
501 | Johnstoni (Pseudavicula) Smith ......... 
657) Johnstonin (Unio); Smithers s.e eases 
607 | Jolyi (Unio) Kobelt .......-...-..-....... 
633) Jonesii: (Margarom) Lear =-e-= 2-1-2 
HR. BisX3) |) Ai@avesul (Wav) UC So ocsccougcauasaoooconKe 
5592 | Jordanicus (Margaron) Lea.........----. 
552 | Jordanicus (Unio) Bourguignat........-- 
552 | Joreti (Anodon) Heude .............-.-.. 
756,757 | Josseti (Cameronia) Bourguignat ......-- 
756 | Josseti (Unio) Bourguignat ..........--.. 
756 | Jouberti (Burtonia) Bourguignat.......-.. 
638 | Jouberti (Cameronia) Bourguignat ....-. 
610 | Jouberti (Moncetia) Bourguignat........ 
610 | Jouberti (Mutela) Bourguignat ........-. 
610 | Jouberti (Unio) Bourguignat -.......-... 
610 | Jourdyi (Anodonta) Heude.............. 
610 | Jourdyi (Brazzea) Bourguignat........-.. 
610 | Jourdyi (Nodularia) L. Morlet........... 
609,775 | Jourdyi (Unio) L. Morlet.............-..-. 
724 | Kallethensis (Unio) Peetel................ 
O13n Katherine: (Unio) Pledasn asec eee. 
913 | Keinerianus (Margaron) Lea........-..-.. 
913 | Keinerianus (Unio) Lea............---... 
913 | Kelletti (Anodon) Sowerby.....-.-----.-- 
881 | Kleiniana (Quadrula) Lea ..........----- 
699 | Kennerlyi (Anodonta) Lea.............-. 
862 | Kennerlyi (Margaron) Lea..........-.-.. 
740 | Kennicottii (Anodonta) Lea.............. 
740 | Kennicottii (Margaron) Lea.........-.--. 
Keraudreni (Margaron) Lea........-..--. 
810 | Keraudreni (Nodularia) Eydoux.......-.. 
809 | Keraudreni (Unio) Eydoux.............- 
806,809 | Kingi (Medionidus) B. H. Wright........ 
809 | Kingi (Unio) B. H. Wright-.........----. 
810 | Kirki liederi (Spatha) von Mariens...... 
640 | Kirki (Spatha) Ancey.-........-...--..--. 
912 | Kirki (Spathella) Ancey ................- 
912. | Kirkii (Margaron) Lea.:..............--- 
912 | Kirkii-(Parreysia) Lea ..............-..-- 
GOON Kain kai (Umio)mlbea tere rises cee sice 
588 | Kirtlandiana minor (Quadrula) Simpson. 
818 | Kirtlandiana (Quadrula) Lea..........-. 
817 | Kirklandianus (Lampsilis) B. H. Wright . 
714 | Kirtlandianus (Margarita) Lea ........-.- 
714 | Kirtlandianus (Margaron) Lea........--. 
714 | Kirklandianus (Unio) B.H. Wright-....-.- 
714 | Kirklandianus (Unio) Hanley .......-.-- 
713 | Kirtlandianus (Unio) Lea..-.. soceau seas 
891 | Kisonis (Unio) Kobelt........--.--------- 
891 | Kleiniana (Quadrula) Lea --.-.-.--..---- 
725 | Kleinianus (Margaron) Lea....-...-.---- 
725 | Kleinianus (Unio) Kuster........-.------ 
725 Kdeimianus (Unio) bears een eo = et 
857 | Kobelti (Anodonta) von Ihering.....-.-.. 
S57 le Kobeltil(Umio)) Rolleies are sca. eeseree a= 
927 | Koseretzi (Unio)-Clessin:........-...----- 
g27 | Kouangensis (Quadrula) Simpson ....... 


861 


692 


sl a7 S17 
aI 
on 


xe 


1020 INDEX. 
Page. Page 

Kraussii (Margaron) Lea........-....--.- 867 | Lardelianus (Unio) Pecchioli ............ 684 
‘Kerauissiin (Unio) sWeas-eeeeee setae ere eee 867 | Largillierti (Lampsilis) Philippi ......... 577 
Ksibianus (Unio) Mousson .......--...--- 692 | Largillierti (Unio) Philippi .....-........ 577, 744 
Kullethensis (Margaron) Lea --.--.-.---- 695 | Lasmabrachys (Unio) Rafinesque ....-... 744 
Kullethensis (Unio) Lea ...........---.--- 695 | Lasmigona Rafinesque ...............-.-. 664, 673 
Kullinthensis (Unio) Petel...........-.. 695 | Lastena Rafinesque ............-- 506, 514, 654, 933 
Kunenensis (Nodularia) Mousson......-- 824 | Lata (Anodonta) Rafinesque...........-. 654 
Kunenensis (Unio) Mousson ..........-.- 824 | Lata (Lastena) Rafimesque ............... 654 
Labacensis (Unio) Rossmassler ....-.---- 697 | Lata (Leptodea) Conrad..........-.....-- 654 
Lachrymosa lunulata (Quadrula) Pratt .. 777 | Lateralis (Obliquaria) Refinesque......-. 744 
Lachrymosa (Quadrula) Lea..........--- 776,778 | Latialata (Hyria) Sowerby ....-...-..--.- 869 
Lachrymosus (Margarita) Lea -.......--- 776 | Laticostasus (Margaron) Lea..........--- 769 
Lachrymosus (Margaron) Lea.......-..--- 776 | Laticostatus (Margaron) Lea............. 769 
Lachrymosus (Unio) Lea.........--.----- 775 | Laticostatus (Unio) H.and A. Adams.... 769 
Lacteolus (Unio) Lea.....-.-..--..------- 873 | Laticostatus (Unio) Lea......:........... 769 
Lacustris (Anodonta) Lea..-...-....----- 632 | Lati-marginata (Anodon) Catlow and 
Lacustris (Margaron) Lea ........--.----- 632 IRQEWS ocbepocdoesasséscaéonadcucdedoseso 917 
Lacustris (Spatha) Simpson ..........---. 898 | Latiquadrata (Castalia) Sowerby .....-... 864 
bea ategEy (hob) SEAY 545 boosocsansasaseces 600 | Latiradiatus (Unio) Conrad .............. 541 
Levirostris Simpson.......---..---------- 894, | Latissima (Unio) Rafinesque.....-....--- 545 
Leevirostris (Unio) Benson .........--.-.- 842 | Latissimus (Unio) Sowerby ....-.-.--..-- 527 
Leevissimus (Lampsilis) Lea........--.--- 574 | Lato-marginata (Anodonta) Lea.......-. 917 
Levissimus (Margarita) Lea......_.-_---- 574 | Lato-marginata (Margarita) Lea......... 917 
Leevissimus (Margaron) Lea.........---+- 574 | Lato-marginata (Margaron) Lea.......-.- 917 
Leyvissimus (Symphynota) Lea .....-..--- 574 | Lato-marginatus felix (Glabaris) Pilsbry- 917 
Levissimus (Unio) Conrad.......-..----- 574 | Latus (Margaron) Lea ...............---- 728 
Lamarckianus (Margaron) Lea .......--- 610 | Latus (Unio) Conrad -...-......-...-...-- 654 
Lamarckianus (Unio) Lea .......--.-.--. GlOM | batuss (Unio) sweat esssea see eeee eee eeeeee 728 
Lamellatus (Lamellidens) Lea ...---....- 856 | Lauta (Anodonta) von Martens.....-...- 639 
Lamellatus (Margarita) Lea...-......-..-. 856 | Lavigerina (Brazzea) Bourguignat ....-- 907 
Lamellatus (Margaron) Lea....-....-.--. 856 | Lavigerina (Burtonia) Bourguignat ..... 577 
Lamellatus (Unio) Hanley and Theobold. 581 | Lavigerina (Cameronia) Bourguignat.... 910 
Lamellatus (Unio) Lea..:.......---..---- 856 | Lavigerina (Mutela) Bourguignat........ 906 
Lamellatus (Unio) Sowerby.....-..--.--- 857 | Lavigerina (Spatha) Bourguignat........ 901 
Lamellidens Simpson .......- 506, 508, 515, 854,858 | Lavigerinus (Unio) Bourguignat......... 862 
Laminata (Anodonta) Rochebrune ...--- 6480 la wii (Wmio) ea ese neers eee 746, 747 
Lamphorhamphus............-.--.------: 815, 862 | Lawleyanus (Unio) Gentiluomo....-..... 683 
Lampreyanus (Margaron) Lea ......-.... 804 | Layardii (Unio) Lea....2....-...-...-.--- 856 
Lampreyanus (Shistodesmus) Baird and azarusi(Um10) Wereesse tees sae eeeeee eee 732 

ANC AIS ene ele a NC sans oe a ea OUR 804 | Lazarus (Unio). Sowerby ....-.--...-..--- 704 
Lampreyanus (Unio) Baird and Adams.. 803,804 | Leai cinnamomicus (Unio) Heude....... 802 
JOGA ONKOL Y DN) 4 soocdaseddedadooucotadsicos 501 | Leai (Diplodon) Simpson ...-........-..-- 876, 881 
Lamprotula Simpson .......-.:..-.......- 796 | Leai leleci (Quadrula) Heude.-........--. 801 
amipsilishRahinesquesseseeeseseeeeee cence 505, | Leai leleci (Unio) Petel..........-...-..- 801 

506, 511, 514, 526, 578, 589, 592,828 | Leai (Margarita) Lea.................-... 801 

ManceolariaiCoura dares erase eee eee 806,811 | Leai (Margaron) Lea..........--........- 801 
Lanceolata (Arconaia) Lea........--:--.- 860 | Leai (Quadrula) Gray......-..-.-----.--- 801, 802 
Lanceolata (Hyria) Lea :...........---.-- 860 | Leai (Unio) Gray.......-2.-.-.--2----2--- 801 
Lanceolata (Triquetra) Lea ....-.......-. 859, 860 | Leaii (Iridina) Sowerby.........-..-.----- 908 
Lanceolatus (Margarita) Lea....-..--..-- 734, | Weeaii (Platinis) eae easseceeeeeeeeeeeee 908 
Lanceolatus (Margaron) Lea....-..-..-..- 734 | Leaii (Pleiodon) H. and A. Adams.....--. 908 
Lanceolatus (Unio) Lea........--.--..... 734 | Lechaptoisi (Nodularia) Ancey ........--. 823 
Landanensis (Unio) Schepman ....-....-- 823 | Lechaptoisi (Unio) Ancey.......-....---- 823 
Landbecki (Unio) Philippi-............-.. 881 | Lecontianus (Margarita) Lea .........--. 733 
Landeaui (Cameronia) Bourguignat -...-. 909 | Lecontianus (Margaron) Lea ........-...- 733 
Landeaui (Pleiodon) Bourguignat -..-.-... 909 | Lecontianus (Unio) Lea.....-.......----- 537, 733 
Languilati (Lepidodesma) Heude.......-. 587 | Ledouxliana (Nodularia) Charmes.....-. 812 
Languilati (Unio) Heude ..............-. 586,587 | Ledouxlianus (Unio) Charmes.........-. 812 
Languilatus aligerus (Unio) Heude...-.-. 587 | Leeai (Unio) Hanley.........-.....-..--- 801 
Laosensis (Anodonta) Fischer.......-..--. 629 | Legrandi (Unio) Petterd................. 891 
Laosensis (Margaritana) Lea.-..-.....--- 678 | Legumen (Anodonta) von Martens...... 932 
Laosensis (Margaron) Lea....-..-..------ 678 | Legumen (Glabaris) von Martens........ 932 
aosensis7(Umio) lean erect es eee 678 | Legumen (Mutelina) Rochebrune .....-- 906 
Lapidosus Simpson ...-....---...--------- 700 | Leguminaia Conrad.............- 506, 5138, 514, 651 
Lapidosus (Unio) Kobelt..............--- 700 | Lehmani (Unio) S. H. Wright.........-..-- 715 
Lapillus (Unio) Say .........-.........--- 525 


Leibii (Margaron) Lea ............-...---- 601 


INDEX. 1021 
Page Page. 
Leibii (Obovaria) Lea.............--....- 600,601 | Liebmanni (Unio) Philippi .............. 712 
ILe@rlarol (redo) ILE) coooseadabaoccacouacecas 601 | Liederi (Nodularia) von Martens .......- 82h 
HC ANG Ai oasis asain d baie weiner 501, 507,515,914 | Liederi (Unio) von Martens.............- 824 
weiromian (Unio) Bensoneca-q2s-cese. eee. 811 | Lienosus constrictus (Unio) Conrad ..... 551 
Hele ci¢(Winio) PHeuderese-a-eeeeee eee eae 801 | Lienosus (Lampsilis) Conrad...........-. 547 
Lemsleyi (Anodonta) Morelet...........- 588 | Lienosus (Margarita) Lea................ 547 
Lemsleyi (Pilsbryoconcha) Morelet....-- 588 | Lienosus (Margaron) Lea...............- 547 
ILE Wiotell AGeyaNsoIe) Soassooccaooeesoeqnacer 903 | Lienosus unicostatus (Lampsilis) B. H. 
Meniors@Margarom)Wuea)....25- 22. ssseess2< 518 Wirigh tee sensaaackinaaeycco aasteene 547 
Heniorl(runeila)) weasas-.- ae 518") Lienosus) (Unio) Conradesee=-2-22--5 22-4. 547 
IL@mulow (Wi) IWSRy songs oocaosacsoseeuunes 518 | Ligamentina (Unio) Lamarck ........... 539,877 
Lenis:(Unio) Conrad .........-....-..---- 527 | Ligamentinus gibbus (Lampsilis) Simp- 
IL@rauls| (Wat) IU socoscooedubGbcoaaecocess 518 ROR SOR TO Or AC BAG ou cone ee CEE naee 510 
Lens depygis (Obovaria) Conrad........- 601 | Ligamentinus (Lampsilis) Lamarck ..... 539 
sensi @Wargaritta’)) Weay sae esse oe sesarseiee 600 | Ligamentinus (Margaron) Lea.........-- 539 
hensyMargvarom) lea ss2.-5- 2c ceo l ee 6008 | Mig atusk(Unio)ucarsae ase senee eee ee 724 
wens (Obov aria), Wea -eecsece ae see ceees 600 | Ligula (Unio) Mousson .............----- 862 
ENS SUM PSOM eee ici aeclel-ise clsinie(aisieieriseie 831 | Lima (Nodularia) Simpson .....--.--.---- 820 
ILGIAGS (Wiad) IVES) Soscosusoodesoceuonsooace 600,601 | Limatulus (Margaron) Lea........-..--.. 716 
Lenticularis (Anodonta) Lea ........-.-. 922 | Limatulus (Unio) Conrad ....-........... 716 
Lenticularis (Margaron) Lea............- 922| | Limensis (Unio) Kuster ...-..-....-.----- 881 
Lenticularis (Pleurobema) Lea .......... Mol |) ibphanwneer) JOVI op annaacsossucocdoabacaccane 620, 679 
Lenticularis (Unio) Lea.................. 761 | Limnoica (Anodonta) d’Orbigny .....-..- 921 
Lentiformis (Aplodon) von Ihering...-... 913 | Limnoica (Glabaris) d’Orbigny........-- 921 
Lentiformis (Margaron) Lea............- 913 | Limnoica (Margarita) Lea ........-...... 921 
Lentiformis (Monocondylea) Lea ..-.-.- 912 | Limnoica (Margaron) Lea.........-...... 921 
Leonensis (Anodonta) Lea.........--.--- 643 | Limosa (Anodon) Heude............-.--- 638 
Leonensis (Margaron) Lea....-.......--- 643 | Limosus (Unio) Kobelt.........-...--.... 683 
Leopoldvillensis (Burtonia) Putzeys....-. 577. | Limosus (Unio) Nilsson ......-...----..-.- 682 
Leopoldvillensis (Parreysia) Putzeys..-... 845,846 | Lincecumii (Margaron) Lea ..-.......... 768 
Leopoldvillensis (Pseudospatha) Putzeys Gp |\\ Waboveexeobanvht (Open) IUEEY Ssoceoacacocouccse 768 
Leopoldvillensis (Unio) Putzeys........- 846 | Lindsleyi (Margaron) Lea..-....--..-..-- 542 
Leotandi (Anodonta) Guppy. ...-.-..----- 929 | Lindsleyi (Unio) Lea..........--.....-..- 542 
Leotandi (Glabaris) Guppy .........--.-- 929 | Lineata (Anodon) Heude..-..-....-....-- 638 
Leotandi (Margaron) Lea....-..........- 929 | Lineata (Unio) Valenciennes ..........-- 536 
Lepidior (Diplodon) Lea................- 880 | Lineatus (Margaron) Lea.........-.-.... 528 
Lepidior (Margaron) Lea ........--.------ 880 | Lincecurii (Unio) Petel.-.......-......... 768 
Lepidodesma Simpson ............--- 506,514,586 | Lineatus (Unio) Lea ......:......-......- 528 
Lepidus (Margaron) Lea............-..-- 561 | Lineolata (Obliquaria) Rafinesque..-..-- 744 
Lepidus (Unio) Gould..........-......... 561 | Lineolata (Plagiola) Agassiz ............- 604 
Wepidusy(Wmio) Leas eeeeesceia-aciee ee 880 | Lineolata (Unio) Say..-.....--.-.--.----- 604 
Lepsii (Spatha) Jickeli..................- 896 | Lineolatus (Unio) Conrad...............- 604 
Lesleyi (Margaron) Lea...........-.....- 748 | Lingueformis (Anodonta) Morelet ....-. 587 
Lesleyi (Pleurobema) Lea ............--- 748 | Lingueeformis (Margaron) Lea.......-.-- 554, 587 
Ibesieval (What) 12k soocaebeocoooousoscaaoe 748 | Lingueeformis (Pilsbryoconcha) Morelet- 587 
Lessoni (Diplodon) Kuster ............--. 890 | Linguseformis (Unio) Lea ..........-...--. 554 
Lessoni Unio) Kuster ...............----- 890 | Lingulata (Anodonta) Hupe ........-.--- 929 
Lesueurianus (Margaron) Lea ..........-. 792 | Lingulata (Glabaris) Hupe.-.............- 929 
Lesueurianus (Unio) Lea ............-..-. 792 | Lingulata (Margaron) Lea..............- 929 
Leptodea (Rafinesque) Conrad.........-. 654 | Lingulatus(Rectidens) Drouetand Chaper 854 
Leptodon (Lampsilis) Rafinesque.....-..- 575 | Lingulatus (Unio) Drouet and Chaper ... 854 
Leptodon (Leptodea) Conrad ...........- 575 | Linneana (Anodonta) Lea .............-- 646 
Leptodon (Symphynota) Ferussac ......-. 575 | Linneana (Margaron) Lea ....-..--.....- 646 
Leptodon (Unio) Rafinesque...........-- 57a |e lita (pleurobema) leas cna eieeissne 761 
Letourneauxiana (Pleiodon) Bourguig- Lithophagus (Unio) Ziegler..........-.-- 812 
IMAL, soadncsoneocas gonauodeaguug eaSuSsHcSS 909 | Litoralis (Margarita) Lea ........-....--- 691 
Letourneuxi (Anodonta) Bourguignat... 627,649 | Litoralis (Margaron) Lea ..........-..--- 691 
Letourneuxi (Colletopterum) Bourguignat 649 | Litoralis (Unio) C. Pfeiffer ............-... 678 
Letourneuxi (Unio) Bourguignat.......-. 686 | Litoralis umbonatus (Unio) Rossmiassler. 691 
Letourneuxi (Unio) Kobelt......-....... 692 | Littoralis acarranicus (Unio) Kobelt....- 691 
Letourneuxiana (Chambardia) ....-....- 902 | Littoralis minor (Unio) Rossmiissler..... 691, 698 
Levigata (Unio) Rafinesque...........--- 744 | Littoralis pianensis (Unio) Kobelt.....-- 691 
Lewisii (Anodonta) Lea.............-.--- 642 | Littoralis (Unio) Lamarck. ...... 690,691, 692, 693 
Lewisii (Margaron) Lea............-..... 755 | Litturata (Anodonta) Hupe..........-.-- 931 
Lewisii (Unio) Lea... -. ec ccs 642,755 | Lituratus (Glabaris) Spix........-...----. 931 
Liebmanni (Margaron) Lea.............. il Di lelel bush (Omi ©) Msc aersecersice seleleleieiciaieloleteieieierer= 761 


1022 INDEX. 


Page ‘ Page 

Livida (Anodon) Heude.........-...-..--- 638 | Lutulentus (Unio) Gould............-.... 892 
Lividus (Lampsilis) Simpson.........---- 571 | Luxata (Anodonta) Kuster..............- 625 
Livingstonensis (Burtonia) Bourguignat . 578 | Luxurians (Unio) Kuster ....-....-..-... 699 
Livingstonensis (Margaron) Lea ....-...- 729 | Luynesi (Unio) Locard.....-...........-. 693 
Livingstonensis (Pseudospatha) Bour- Lycicus (Unio) Rolle..................... 692 

(aur leeenet ede Aakasnacousconmeanuccade 578 | Lyonii (Margaron) Lea......-..........-- 751 
Livingstonensis (Unio) Lea ...........--. 729 | Lyonii (Pleurobema) Lea ........-...--.. 751 
Lobata (Unio) Philippi-.............--..-- 686) aay onlin (Umi) peameasseeeeeeeeee eerie 751 
Locardi (Gabillotia) Servain............. 650°) Akbymmrum'\Okem) <2 eye eee sae 679, 680 
Locardi (Leguminaria) Simpson .......-.. 652,653 | Lymnoica (Anodonta) Chenu............ 921 
Locardiana (Cameronia) Bourguignat .. . 910 | Mabiilei (Pseudodon) Rochebrune....... 840 
Locardiana (Chambardia) .......-----.-- 902 | Mabillei (Spatha) Jousseaume ........... 897 
Locardiana (Grandidieria) Bourguignat. 830 | Mabilli (Mutelina) Rochebrune.......... 906 
Locellus (Margaron) Lea..........-.----- 876 | Mabilliana (Cameronia) Bourguignat ... 910 
Locellus (Diplodon) Lea......-...-...---- 876 | Maccarthianus (Unio) Kobelt............ 692 
ocellus\(Unio)) ea. -222-4---ses-- eee 876 | Maccarthyanus (Unio) Bourguignat ..... 687 
Hongina; (iridimay) Wears sess sere t= 929 | Macer (Margaron) Lea................... 728 
Longinus (Anodon) Spix.....-....------- 929) | Miaicers (Wino) Weak see eescmerceeseeceere 728 
Longinus (Glabaris) Spix.............---- 929 | Macilenta (Anodonta) Morelet..........- 624 
Longinus (Mycetopus) Clessin ........--- 929 | Macilentus (Unio) Benson ..............- 813 
Longirostris (Unio) Rossmiissler ........- 682 | Macmurtrei (Margarita) Lea............- 908 
Longitudinatus (Unio) Anton...........- 862 | Macmurtrei (Pleodon) Conrad........... 908 
Longus (Unio) Philippi .-..........------ 882 | Macnielii (Nephronaias) Lea...........-. 593, 594 ss 
Loomisi (Pseudodon) Simpson ........--- 8£0| Macnieliis (Unio) sleaseeeeeeaeee eee 593 3 
iorteti (Umio) Kobeltie sss.) .5-44-eee 690 | Maconensis (Margaron) Lea.............. 736 
Morteti; (Unio) Wocard sessed 688 | Maconensis (Unio) Lea................-.- 736 : 
Lourdelli (Nodularia) Bourguignat ...--. 26 | Macrodon (Margaron) Lea............... 605 % 
Lourdelli (Unio) Bourguignat......-..-.-- 826 | Macrodon (Plagiola) Lea................. 605 : 
Lucasi (Anodonta) Deshayes..........--- 27 | Macrodon (Unio) Lea .................... 605 . 
Lucasii (Margaron) Lea........---...-.-.- 627 | Macropterus (Unio) Dunker.............. 894. 
Lucida (Anodonta) d@’Orbigny .......---- 921 | Macula (Mytilus) Sheppard .............. _ 623 
Lucida (Anodonta) Heude...........--.- 640 | Maculata (Pleurobema) Conrad.......... 7L6 
Lucida (Glabaris) d’Orbigny .....-...---- 921 | Maculatus (Margarita) Lea .............. ‘746 
Lucida (Margaron) Lea-..............-.-- 921 | Maculatus (Margaron) Lea...............- 746 
Lucidus (Margaron) Lea...........-....- 716 | Maculatus (Unio) Conrad................ 746 
Mucidus\(Unio) Mea e-tee-see see eee eee 716 | Madagascariensis (Unio) Sganzin........ 862 
Ludovicianum (Diplodon) Rochebrune. - 862 | Magnifica (Anodonta) Clessin ........... 584 
Lugens (Nodularia) Drouet and Chaper.. 818 | Magnifica (Anodonta) Lea............... 637 
Lugens (Unio) Drouet and Chaper....-..-. 818 | Magnifica (Burtonia) Bourguignat....... 7 Baa 
Lugubris (Anodonta) Say ....-.........-- 648 | Magnifica (Margarita) Lea..............- 637 
Lugubris (Margarita) Lea...........:...- 715 | Magnifica (Margaron) Lea............... 637 
Lugubris (Margaron) Lea...............- 715 | Magnifica (Symphynota) Lea............ 637 
Lugubris (Unio) Kuster .........2...-2-.-- 723 | Magnificus (Unio) Sowerby .............. 585 
Mugwbriss (Unio) Wears ses a-sseeceee cece 715 | Mainwaringi (Unio) Nevill .............. 856 
ILD MlovENS ((Opaulo)) SEY Sondsoecaucocadcoooce 568 | Maltzani (Unio) Kuster .................- 683 
Eunulatus) (Unio) Pratt 2535-22 4-- eee. 777 | Manca (Unio) Lamarck .................. 682 
Lunulifer (Margaron) Lea .............-- 689) | Manca (Unio): Maillleteeeaecreeeeeeseseeee 699 
Lunulifer (Unio) Bourguignat -.........- 689 | Mandarinus (Unio) Lea.................. 815 
Luridus (Margaron) Lea .........-......- 705 | Mandelayensis (Unio) Theobald ......... 843 
Wuriduss (Unio) PWeayeens-ceeeceececae es 705 | Mandinguorum (Unio) Rochebrune ..... 826 
Lurulenta (Anodonta) Morelet..........- 647 | Manhoti (Pseudodon) Conrad............ 839 
Lusitana (Anodonta) Morelet ............ 623 | Manubius (Margaron) Lea............... 740 
Tutenss (Umi) eibeae ate eee nena 841 | Manubius (Unio) Gould.................. 740 
Luteola (Anodonta) Lea ................- 920 | Manubrius (Unio) Petel ..............-.- 740 
Luteola (Margaron) Lea ......-.-.......- 920 | Marcens (Unio) Hanley and Theobald... 843 
Luteola (Unio) Lamarck .......0.....-.--- 534 | Mardinensis chantrei (Leguminaia) Lo- 
Luteolus (Glabaris) Lea........--.--..... 920 CALE! 52 joss sn cn eae ee eee Eee 651 
Luteolus (Lampsilis) Lamarck .........-- 53), | Mardinensis (Leguminaia) Lea ...... 651, 652, 653 
Luteolus (Margarita) Lea ......-......... 634 | Mardinensis (Margaritana) Clessin ...... 651 
Luteolus (Margaron) Lea .........--..--- 534 | Mardinensis (Margaron) Lea......-...... 651, 695 
Luteolus rosaceus (Lampsilis) De Kay... 535 | Mardinensis (Monocondylea) Lea........ 651 
Luteolus (Unio) Sowerby...........-...-- 39) | Mardinensis (Unio) Wearssse-easneee os 695 
Luteus (Margaron) Lea ......---...------ 842 | Margaritana Schumacher ..-. 501, 506, 518, 514, 674 
uteus\ (Unio) Wea wee sce eee ace : 841 | Margaritifer minor (Unio) Rossmiissler .. 675 
Lutulentus (Diplodon) Gould.....2.....-. 892 Margaritifer (Unio) KUStCL Ja scneeseee ees 676 
Lutulentus (Margaron) Lea.............- 892 | Margaritifera (Alasmodonta) Conrad .... 675 


INDEX. 1023 
Page. Page. 
Margaritifera (Baphia) H.and A. Adams. 675 | Mauritianus (Unio). Lea.................. 833 
Margaritifera (Baphie) Meuschen......-. 675 | Menielii (Anodonta) Anthony ........... 644 
Margaritifera (Margarita) Lea........... 675 | Mearnsi (Lampsilis) Simpson ............ “564 
Margaritifera (Margaritana) Linneus ... 513, | Mearnsiana (Anodonta) Simpson ........ 630 
674, 677, 678,741 | Mecklenbergensis (Margaron) Lea....... 723 
Margaritifera (Margaron) Lea ........--- 675 | Mecklenbergensis (Unio) Lea............ 723 
Margaritifera (Mya) Linnzeus........ 674, 675,676 | Medellinus (Margarita) Lea ............. 592 
Margaritifera (Unio) Draparnaud........ 675 | Medellinus (Margaron) Lea.............. 592 
IMSS ATOMEWCA eet ene ec ccise ciscceesececece 501 | Medellinus (Nephronaias) Lea........_.. 592 
Marginaliscandaharica(Unio)Hanleyand Medellinus/((WUnio)) Weasey..5---s45--20-- 592 
MMC Oba Geretemaisciscisiascicie cise chen tes aoe 855 | Mederianus (Unio) Kuster............... 818 
Marginalis candaharicus (Lamellidens) Mediastinus (Ptychorhynchus) Heude... 851 
Hanley and Theobald................-- 855 | Mediastinus (Unio) Heude.............-. 851 
Marginalis corriana (Unio) Hanley and Mediocris (Margaron) Lea .............-. 723 
PINE O Dal eee sass misisisine cise eis ce cistern SUS) || Witeobiooals (pawl) IVR Sou Sconeaocecusadoee 723 
Marginalis cylindricus (Lamellidens) Medionidus Simpson............- 506, 510, 514, 588 
Hanley and Theobald.................. 855 | Medius (Margaron) Lea.................. 755 
Marginalis cylindricus (Unio) Hanley and Medinsi(Unio) pieaeeescee sesso aoe 755 
Ae Oya] Geese jase etsi= ce cicisreisiseiajstniciae' 855 | Medius (Unio) Reeve ........-....-..--.- 753 
Marginalis hanleyi (Lamellidens) Simp- Megadesma (Barbala) Peetel ............. 587 
BOM soondacpsoodoennacasocsosocaedsansece 855 | Megadesma (Cristaria) von Martens ..... 587 
Marginalis (Lamellidens) Lamarck.....- 854 | Megadomus Swainson ........ daalamer ana 608, 662 
Marginalis (Margarita) Lea .............. 855 | Megapterus (Unio) Morelet ........-...... 579 
Marginalis (Margaron) Lea ...........--. 855 | Melanochlorea (Anodon) Heude......... 638 
Marginalis obesa (Unio) Hanley and The- Melinia (Anodonta) Bourguignat.......- 625 
Oba] Geren cista mic sisicis sci arspiei starts welts 855 | Melinus (Unio) Conrad..........-.....-.- 53 
Marginalis obesus (Lamellidens) Hanley Melleus (Margaron) Lea .....-..-...-..-- 597 
eval WNaeO RNG) sseeoocopadooseoossasucces 855 | Melleus (Nephronaias) Lea .............. 597 
Marginalis tricolor (Lamellidens) Kuster. CED |) MCE WS (Osa) JHE, Socadacacosodscsaceoce 597 
Marginalis (Unio) Lamarck.............. 854,855 | Mellinus (Unio) Petel ................... 536 
Marginata (Alasmidonta) Say......-- 670, 671,765 | Membranacea (Anodonta) d’Orbigny .... 917 
Marginata (Alasmodonta) Say -........-- 670 | Membranacea (Unio) Hanley .:.......... 888 
Marginata (Anodon) Ferussac .......-.-.- 617 | Membranaceus (Glabaris) Maton ........ 918 
Marginata (Anodonta) C.B. Adams ...-.-. 671 | Membranaceus (Margarita) Lea.......... 919 
Marginata (Anodonta) Say............--- 632 | Membranaceus (Margaron) Lea.......... 919 
Marginata (Baphia) H.and A. Adams.... 671 | Membranaceus (Mytilus) Maton ......... 918 
Marginata (Margarita) Lea ............-- 671 | Membranaceus (Unio) Hanley ........... 919 
Marginata (Margaritana) Gould .......-. 671 | Menardi (Unio) Bourguignat ............ 862 
Marginata (Margaron) Lea..-............. Gals | >Menelikii(Unio)Solilletss. S20... -- secs 862 
Marginata truncata (Margaritana) B. H. Menkianus (Margarita) Lea.............. 541 
\KHHIEU cossb been seeoagsppnecdodsEseaeaas 671 | Menkianus (Margaron) Lea.........-.--- 541 
Marginata (Unio) Hanley...........-.... 671 | Menkianus (Unio) Lea .......-.-...-..... 541 
Marginatus (Mytilus) Eaton ........-.... 631 | Menzieni (Margaron) Lea.-............... 889 
Marginis (Margaron) Lea .............-.. 566 | Menziezi depauperatus (Diplodon) Hut- 
Marginisi(Umio) Weaijocss: ses. o-sese se 566 POM esas sere ees ye ahatate Tate weenie 890 
Marioniana (Cameronia) Bourguignat. .. 910 | Menziezi (Diplodon) Gray ............... 872, 889 
Maris-galilei (Unio) Locard...-.......... 693 | Menziezi hochstelleri (Diplodon) Dunker 889 
Marnoi (Spatha) Jickeli ..........-...... 899 | Menziezi rugatus (Diplodon) Hutton .... 889 
Marryattana (Anodonta) Lea...-........ 6425 |e Menziezig(Umio i Grayenneseeeeeceeeces oe 889 
Marryattana (Margaron) Lea .........-.. 642 | Menzieziana (Unio) Reeve.......--..-..- 889 
Marshii (Unio) B.H. Wright.............. 714 | Merceri (Margaron) Lea..-....:..-..----. 718 
Martensi (Anodonta) Clessin ............ O28) || Wiesel (Oper) Ibe oc a segaaacsdancooessos 718 
Martensi (Castalina) von Ihering ........ 865 || Merdiger (Unio) Reeve ......-:..--.-.---- 700 
Martensi (Diplodon) von Ihering .......- 882 | Meredithii (Margaron) Lea ....-.........- 761 
Martensi (Spatha) Sturany............... 897 | Meredithii (Pleurobema) Lea ...-........ 761 
Martensi (Unio) von Ihering............. 882 | Meredithil (Unio) Lea...-..------...----- 761 
Masoni (Margarita) Lea...............-.. 709 | Merodabensis (Unio) Kuster .......-.---- 842 
Masoni (Margaron) Lea....-....-......-. 709 | Merus (Margaron) Lea..........---.---:- 708 
Masonic(Umio) Conrad) 2 eos ases)- ass <cle GOO | MIGrEDS) (ROnanvos) Ibekh oes soodseasasanonsesoue 708 
Massinii((Unio)pMorelet eassesesecen esas ee S30 Ri pMleSOg ence renee: ceeaseeoe tcc oreee ce 514, 609 
Matoniana (Mytilus) d’Orbigny.......... 888 | Metallicus (Lampsilis) Say..............- 572 
Matonianus (Unio) Petel................ S88e le Metallicus) (Unio) Sayenseacsesosee-eeaee 572 
Mattiroli (Unio) Tapperone Canefri ..... 852 | Metaneurus (Unio) Kuster........-....-- 774 
Mattiroli (Virgus) Tapperone Canefri.... 852 | Metanever (Margarita) Lea.........-.... 774 
Mauritanicus (Unio) Bourguignat ....... 692 | Metanever (Margaron) Lea ...........-.. 774 
Mauritianus (Margaron) Lea...........-- 833 | Metaneyra (Obliquaria) Raflnesque..... 774 


1024 INDEX. 


Page. 
Metanevra (Quadrula) Rafinesque... 773,774, 776 
Metanevra (Unio) Swainson ............-. 774 
Metaneyra wardii (Quadrula) Lea....... 77h 
Metanevrus (Unio) Rafinesque.-.......... 503, 504 
Metaniver (Unio) Catlow and Reeve....- 774 
Metaplata (Truncilla) Rafinesque......-- 518 
Metaptera (Metaptera) Refinesque....--- 567 
Metaptera Rafinesque ......-.....----...- 579 
Metastriata (Truncilla) Conrad -...-...-- 519 
Metastriatus (Unio) Conrad..........-.-.. 519 
Mexicanus (Margaron) Lea...-.....-.--- 701 
Mexicanus (Unio) Philippi ...--...---..- 701 
Mexicanus (Unio) Sowerby ..---...-.--.. 705 
Micans (Anodonta) Anthony ..........-- 647 
Micans (Margaron) Lea.........--.------ 647, 714 
Micanst (Unio) pWeateesssaeteeeeceen eee 714 
Micellii (Unio) Kobelt ..........-.---.--- 695 
Michaudiana (Unio) Des Moulins.....--- 682 
Micheloti (Nodularia) L. Morlet.....-..-.. 81h 
Micheloti (Unio) L. Morlet.............-. 814 
Michonii (Leguminaia) Bourguignat -.-. 652 
Michonii (Margaritana) Peetel ..........- 652 
Michonii (Pseudodon) Conrad ......-.--- 652 
Michonii (Unio) Bourguignat..........-. 652 
Microcondylea Vest........-....--.------ 651, 653 
Microcondylus Drouet........-.-.---....- 651 
Micromya Agassiz..........---.-.---- 506, 514, 524 
Micronaias Simpson........-..-.--------- 743 
Micropterus (Physunio) Morelet.-.......- 831 
Micropterus (Unio) Morelet....-.-.....-- 831 
Microstictis (Quadrula) Heude ....--.-.. 799, 803 
Microstictis (Unio) Heude ............-.- 799 
Millettii (Anodonta) Ray and Drouet.... 624 
Mingorum (Anodon) Heude ..........--. 638 
Minima (Anodonta) Millet...........-.... 623 
Minor (Alasmidonta) Lea..........-..-.. 668 
Minor (Baphia) H. and A. Adams........ 668 
Minor (Lampsilis) Lea ..........-..---.-- 562 
Minor (Margaritana) Lea................ 668 
Minor (Margaron) Lea ......-.-....--.-.. 562, 668 
Minor (Strophitus) Conrad..........--... 668 
Wibbaxore (OhobKo))) WER SabasocoGcconsosessoacee 562 
Minuana (Margarita) Lea.......-..-.-... 911 
Minuana (Margaron) Lea................ 911 
Minuana (Monocondylea) d’Orbigny.... 911 
Minuanus (Unio) Hanley ....-..-.- egiedases 911 
Minuta (Anodon) Heude................. 638 
Mira (Grandidieria) Bourguignat........ 830 
Misellus (Trapezoideus) Morelet......... 859 
Misoolensis (Unio) Schepman........-..- 852 
Misoolensis (Virgus) Schepman........-. 852 
Mississippiensis (Margaron) Lea ....--..-. 547 
Mississippiensis (Unio) Conrad.......---- 547 
Mitchelli (Unio) Simpson..............-. 711 
Modesta (Anodonta) Lea...........-.-.-. 647, 660 
Modesta (Margaron) Lea......----.....-- 660 
Modesta (Platiris) Lea ...............---- 899 
Modesta (Spatha) Lea.............--..--- 899 
Modestus (Diplodon) Kuster ....--...---- 881 
Modestus (Margarita) Lea......---....--. 876 
Modestus (Margaron) Lea..............-. 876 
Modestus (Unio) H. and A. Adams ....-. 876 
Modestus (Unio) Heude.........-..------ 845 
Modestus (Unio) Kuster..........-..-.--. 881 
Modica (Pleurobema) Lea .......-----.-- 762 


Modicella (Truncilla) Lea.-.......---..-- 518 


Page. 
Modicellus (Margaron) Lea.............- 518 
Modicellus (Unio) Lea .................- e 518 
Modicus (Margaron) Lea..............--- 762 
Modicus) (Unio) itearkae seas eessesernas: 762 
Modioliformis (Lampsilis) Lea ........... 008, 559 
Modioliformis (Margarita) Lea........... 559 
Modioliformis (Margaron) Lea........... 559 
Modioliformis (Unio) Lea................ 559 
Meestus (Lampsilis) Lea.................- 565 
Meestus (Margaron) Lea.................- 565 
Moestusi (Unio) sealers tees eeeeree teens 065 
Moineti (Brazzea) Bourguignat.......... 907 
Moineti (Burtonia) Bourguignat......... 577 
Moineti (Cameronia) Bourguignat....... 910 
Moineti (Moncetia) Bourguignat ........ 901 
Moineti (Mutela) Bourguignat........... 906 
Moineti (Spatha) Bourguignat........... 901 
Moineti (Unio) Bourguignat............. 862 
Moline (Diplodon) Philippi.............. 881 
Moline (Unio) Philippi.........-........ 881 
Molleuri (Parreysia) Morlet.............. 849 
Molleuri (Unio) Morlet .................. 849 
Monceti (Parreysia) Bourguignat ........ 818 
Monceti (Unio) Bourguignat............. 848 
Moncetia Bourguignat ..................- 901 
Mongolicus (Unio) Middendorff.......... 677 
Monocondylea @’Orbigny.... 501,507, 515, 910, 912 
Monocondylus Morelet ........-...-...... 834 
Monodonta (Alasmodonta) Ferussac..... 679 
Monodonta (Margaritana) Say........... 679 
MonodontalSayaee-sasee eee eeeeeeeerereeee 666 
Monodonta (Unio) Say..........-.-....-. 679 
Monodontina Conrad .........--..-...-.- 834 
Monodontus (Margarita) Lea....-....... 679 
Monodontus (Margaron) Lea........-...- 679 
Monroensis (Margaron) Lea.............. 710 
Monroensis (Unio) Lea....-...-.......--- 710 
Montanus (Unio) Heude................. 802 
Montanus (Unio) Philippi................ 881 
Montanus (Unio) Rafinesque............- 744 
Montezianus (Anodon) Sowerby ......... ‘ 922 
Montezuma (Anodonta) Lea ....-......-- 923 
Montezuma (Glabaris) Lea..........-.... 923 
Montezuma (Margaron) Lea ...........-- 923 
Monticola (Unio) Heude..........-...... 802 
Moorenianus (Unio) Petel....-.......... 750 
Mooresianus (Margaron) Lea .......--..- 750 
Mooresianus (Unio) Lea.......-..--....-- 750 
Moquinianus (Unio) Dupuy........-..... 699. 
Moreleti (Margaron) Lea ....-....-..-..-. 687 
Moreleti (Pseudodon) Crosse and Fischer. 834, 838 
Moreleti (Unio) Deshayes ................ 687 
Moreletianus (Unio) Heude.............. 799 
Moretonicus (Diplodon) Reeve.........-- 891 
Moricandii (Anodonta) Lea.....-.--.-.-.- 927 
Moricandii (Glabaris) Lea..............-. 927 
Moricandii (Margaron) Lea .............. 927 
Morini (Unio) Morelet.............-.....- 702. 
Morinus (Unio) Heude...............---- 851 
Mortoni (Quadrula) Conrad.............. » 78L 
Mortoni (Unio) Conrad..............-.--- 781 
Mortoniana (Anodonta) Lea ......-.....- 929 
Mortoniana (Margarita) Lea ............- 929 
Mortoniana (Margaron) Lea ...--.....--- 929 
Mortonianus (Anodon) Sowerby ....-....- 925 
Mortonianus (Glabaris) Lea......-......- 929 


INDEX. 1025 
Page. Page. 

Mossambicensis (Nodularia) yon Martens. $13 | Myersianus (Margaron) Lea.....:...-..:. 580 
Mossambicensis (Unio) von Martens ...--. SlomiE Miversiamus) (Unio) Wedssss4--e-esese see 577, 580° 
Mossulensis (Margaritana) Peetel........- GSiealieV iyi Scan uir GO mwa aero ae eee 679 
Mosulensis (Margaron) Lea ....-..-....-- 687 | Mytilloides (Pleurobema) Rafinesque.... 7o4 
Mosulensis)(Umio) Mea=22= 2-2-5222 2 ee 687 | Mytilloides (Unio) Conrad ..............: 754° 
Mouhoti (Monocondylea) Lea ........... 839 | Mytiloides (Margarita) Lea .............. 790 
Mouhoti (Pseudodon) Lea.........-...... 839 | Mytiloides (Margaron) Lea............. 2 790 
Mouhotiana (Monocondylea) Lea ....--- 839 | Mytiloides (Pleurobema) Rafinesque .... 765 
Mouhotianus (Margaron) Lea.......-.--- 889 | Mytiloides pyramidatus (Unio) Peetel.... 790 
Mouhotianus (Pseudodon) Morelet .....- 839 | Mytiloides (Unio) Deshayes....-....-.-.-+ 790 
Mouhotianus (Unio) Scwerby.......-.--- 839 | Mytiloides (Uniopsis) Swainson....--..-- 667 
Moulinsiana (Unio) Dupuy.............-. 699 | Mytiloides (Unio) Short and Eaton .-.--. 788 
Moulinsiana (Anodonta) Dupuy ....--.-- 624 | Mytiloides (Unio) Swainson.-...___-__-...- 793 
Moussonianus (Margaron) Lea........... 707 | Nagpoorensis (Margaron) Lea ...--....-. 842 
Moussonianus (Unio) Lea ......--.-...-.. 707 | Nagpoorensis (Unio) Lea...........-:-..- 842 
Mucidus (Unio) Morelet.............--... GB}: || INN SivehbooIM, 26 oso bocconsoouesaseanaas 868 
Mucromaita (bya) Haton.22.225.---: 2.222 703 | Naiades .. 501, 502, 503, 505, 507, 512, 513, 558, 687, 867 
Mucronatus (Unio) Barnes...........-.-. HO3m\ Nana (Umi) eoamanckyaseee seer nee eae 691 
Muelleri (Unio) Rossmiissler .-.........-- 685 | Nankingensis (Monocondylea) Heude .-. 839 
Miihlfeldianus (Lampsilis) Lea .....--... 555 | Nankingensis (Pseudodon) Heude....... 839 
Miuhlfeldianus (Margarita) Lea.......... Soo Namus} (Unio) yup Wiyeceeseseeeeae aoe eeere 697 
Miuhlfeldianus (Margaron) Lea ........-.. 595 | Napoensis (Anodonta) Lea......-.-.--.-- 920 
Miihlfeldianus (Unio) Lea ..............- 505 | Napoensis (Glabaris) Lea ...-...-..--.--- 920 
Multicolor (Parreysia) yon.Martens...... 847 | Napoensis (Margaron) Lea....-..-...---- 920 
Multicolor (Unio) von Martens........-.. 847 | Nashvillianus (Margarita) Lea.........-.. 547 
Multidentatus (Margaron) Lea........-..- 841 | Nashvillianus (Margaron) Lea....---...- 547 
Multidentatus (Unio) Philippi--.-..-.... 840,841 | Nashvillianus (Unio) Lea ......-.--..---- 546 
Multiplicata (Quadrula) .......-..-..--.- 766 | Nashvilliensis (Unio) Lea ........----.--- 547 
Multiplicatus (Margarita) Lea .:......... 771 | Nasuta (Hurynea) Agassiz._....-.---:.-:. 546 
Multiplicatus (Margaron) Lea.....-..--.- Cok |) MAR OUES (Mb) IeiWwoNa, 45s oeegeoscoccosduboc] 546 
Miultiplicatus) (Unio) Weass:2 2-22 -2-22225- 503,770.) Nasuta (Unio) Lamarck.--5-.-2---------- 703 
Multiradiatus (Lampsilis) Lea ........--- 57 |) Neswyndhvrs (Gian) Wek ssoccoasckoncadsonde 735 
Multiradiatus (Margarita) Lea........... 532 | Nasutulus (Margaron) Lea.....-........- 735 
Multiradiatus (Margaron) Lea.-.-...-... GY) |) NEW wuADUOIS (Opal) IUews sos oseodcocaccaseaue 735 
Multiradiatus (Unio) Lea -..--.......-..- 632 | Nasutus (Lampsilis) Say .......-----.---- 545 
Multiradiatus (Unio) Sowerby ..-.--.--.-- 534 | Nasutus (Margarita) Lea....-....--...--- 546 
Multistriatus (Margarita) Lea............ Si Nasutus; (Margarom) Wear tie oceans one 546 
Multistriatus (Unio) Lea -.-..2..-.-....-: 879" | Nasuitus) (Unio) Comrad <2 2- 2-5-2226 se: 735 
Multisuicata (Castalia) Hupé ........---- Ges) ||| ANIISULAwIS) (Waabl)) Sey Yosacoocusasscassonuce 545 
Multisuleatus (Tetraplodon) Hupé....... Soe Gas || ING UIS Shan osoyn. 5b oscscsosodudsesncccsoedes 839 
Mundus (Margaron) Lea.....--..-......-. 747 | Natalensis (Margaron) Lea..........-..-. 825 
IMPfovaVshos (Oia) 1WekySesecoccosseseeaseesee (46470) pNatalensis;(Platiris) Wears sa. s4e= sense 898 
Murchisonianus (Magarita) Lea...-...... ’ 808 | Natalensis (Spatha) Lea.....-.-..-.-...-- 898 
Murchisonianus (Margaron) Lea....-..-. 808) |) Natalensis) (Unio) Meas. 2222-22-62 -2-2-6- 825 
Murchisonianus (Unio) Lea.............. 808 | Natolicus (Unio) Kuster.....--..5..--.... 700 
Murinus (Unio) Heude.-................- 851 | Navicella (Anodon) Heude ..--..----..--.- 63 

Murrayensis (Margaron) Lea......-..---. 753 | Navicula (Anodonta) Peetel........--...- 638 
Murrayensis (Pleurobema) Lea.....-..... 753 | Naviculoides (Margaron) Lea....----.-.- 732 
Miurnaiyensisy (Umi) Weaees sone nee eeeace 753))\) Naviculoides)(Umio) Maeda s2e 225424 2 732 
Musicus (Unio) Spengler........-....--.- 744 | Naviformis (Unio) Lamarck ..........-.. 773 
Mussolianus (Unio) Kuster....-..-....... 687 -| Navigoliformis (Margaron) Lea.......... 825 
Mutabilis (Diplodon) Lea .....-.-..-..... 894 | Navigoliformis (Unio) Lea...-........-.- 825 
Mutabilis (Margaron) Lea......-..-...--- 89! | Nebulosus (Lampsilis) Conrad ........... 553 
Meutaliliss(Umio)) wea s: 2a = assess -i ene 894 | Nebulosus (Unio) Conrad ............-..- 553 
Mutabilis (Umio) Reeve -...-..--.-..--.-- 893 | Negatus (Margaron) Lea ...........-.:... 787 
Mutatus (Unio) Mousson._____.---...___- SLSR mNeratusi(Umio)keake = seeee eee seer ae 787 
Mutela Scopoli ....-...2.- 501, 505, 506, 902, 903,930 | Neglecta (Symphynota) Lea ....--..-.-.--- 664 
Mutelide..... 501, 502, 505, 507, 512, 515, 895, 906,933 | Neglectus (Margaron) Lea .........-.-.-- 664 
IMCD TI a ste eee fesse ees eeciner unccea ae 9005 Neglectus;(Umig) eas: --5255.-+.--2--2--- 664 
Mutica (Arconaia) Heude.....-.......... 860 | Neglectus (Unio) Sowerby .......-------- 724 
Wye) WabobNeSS ose Ao Goaesesccacudeoococeee 530,620 | Nehringi (Castalina) von Ihering........ 865 
WV CRUOMINES 5 oo Gdeencosacdonuaceddosbasece 502 | Nehringi (Glabaris) von Ihering:........ 930 
Mycetopoda d’Orbigny.......-...- 507, 515, 905, 933 | Neislerii (Margaron) Lea.........----.--- 771 
WMO VOCWONOGWCED +, cocaccossodoosedauenogeS 501 | Neislerii (Quadrula) Lea..............-.- 771 
Mycetopus d’Orbigny ...-...-.--- 501, 930, 938,985 | Neislerii (Unio) Lea..........-...-------- 771 
Myersianus (Hyriopsis) Lea.............-. 580 | Nephronaias Crosse and Fischer.....- 506, 514, 591 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 65 


1026 INDEX. 
Page. | 

Nervosa (Unio) Rafinesque...........---- (Ad) Nodulatusy (Unio) iSayesss-eeeeeeeeeeeeeee 
INeTVOSUS) (Unio) Sayeee cee eeceeee eee ee 605 | Nodulosa (Castalia) H. and A. Adams.... 
Neusensis (Margaron) Lea ....-..-.-..-.- 722 | Nodulosa (Mya) Wood...................- 
Neusensis (Unio) Lea....-.--....2.--.---- 722 | Nodulosa (Quadrula) Wood .............- 
Newcombiana (Brazzea) Bourguignat.-.. 907 | Nodulosa (Unio) Lamarck ............... 
Newcombianus (Margaron) Lea.......--- 607 | Nodulosus (Margarita) Lea_............... 
Newcombianus (Unio) Lea......-.-..---- 607 | Nodulosus (Margaron) Lea...-........... 
Newenhuisi (Unio) Schepman .....:..--- 803 | Nodulosus (Unio) Hanley ................ 
Newtonensis (Anodonta) Lea ...-..-..-..-- 633 | Nodulosus (Unio) Reeve ................- 
Newtonensis (Margarita) Lea......--.--- 33 | Nodulosus (Unio) Say.................-.- 
Newtoniensis (Anodonta) Troschel .-..-- 633m PeNOlamit (mio) eae eee a eee eee 
INGLES) ((Wiavlo)) SEN Seoosonecoonceessuadaece 519 | Nopalatensis (Anodonta) Sowerby....--- 
Ngesianus (Parreysia) von Martens .-..-. 847 | Normandi (Anodonta) Dupuy..........--. 
Ngesianus (Unio) von Martens.........-- 847 | Northamptonensis (Unio) Lea-........-.. 
Nicaragua (Anodonta) Philippi ........-- 932 | Notatus (Margarita) Lea................. 
Nicaraguensis (Margaron) Lea........--- 607 | Notatus (Margaron) Lea....- ee as 
Nicaraguensis (Plagiola) Lea...........-.- 607 | Notatus (Unio) Conrad.........-..-...... 
Nicaraguensis (Unio) Lea..............-- GO |) NOUNS (WpehiO) IER sccsoocgcsaooedesoscce 
Nicklianus (Unio) Kuster ...--.......---- 7i1 | Nove-hollandiz (Diplodon) Gray.....-.. 


Nickliniana (Quadrula) Lea .........--.. 7 
Nicklinianus (Margarita) Lea.........-.- 7 
Nicklinianus (Margaron) Lea............ 7 
Nicklinianus (Plectomerus) Conrad..--..-. 7 
Nicklinianus (Unio) Lea 7 
Nicobarica (Alasmodonta) Moéreh....-... 838 


Nicobaricus (Mytilus) Fabricius ........- 838 
Nicobaricus (Pseudodon) Mérch....---.-. §38 
Nigellus (Margaron) Lea....:......---..- 718 
INMeRelUhNS| ((WaablO)) IUCR) coeasudnessodacasocds 718 
Nigerrimus (Lampsilis) Lea......-....-.- 551 
Nigerrimus (Margaron) Lea..........-.--. 551 
Nigerrimusi(Umio) eases seca cee 551 
Nigam (Modiolania)seeeesessseeeeeeee cece 648 


Nigra (Unio) Rafinesque ..........---..-- 707 


Nigricans (Anodon) Heude .......--...-- 638 
Nigrinus (Margaron) Lea.......:..--..--- 560 
INE boRDIS!: (Wow) IOC cose Goosanssusnesess 560 
Nigritus (Diplodon) Simpson............- 881 
Nilotica emini (Mutela) von Martens.... 904, 
Nilotica gerrardi (Nodularia)von Martens 822 
Nilotica (Iridina) Sowerby-..-..-....-.--.. 904 
Nilotica (Mutela) Sowerby...........-... 90), | 
Nilotica (Nodularia) Cailliaud........... 821, 822 
Nilotical@elatiris)/sbeam ene secee eee eee 904 


Nilotica (Unio) Cailliaud..........2...-.. 821 


Niloticus (Margarita) Lea.......-.-.-.... 821 
Niloticus (Margaron) Lea........-.....-. 821 
Niloticus (Unio) Kuster..............-..-- 825 
Niloticus (Unio) Sowerby .....-----.----- 879 
Nilssonii (Anodonta) Kuster..........--. 625, 643 
Nipponensis (Unio) von Martens......... 809 
Nitens (Margaron) Lea.........---....--. 549 
INGULEING)|(QUAddLO)) IWS coocoSsasoasepucouacacc 549 
Nitidulus (Unio) Kuster.............-...- 874 
Nobilis (Unio) Conrad.......-..---.-.2-:- 776, 778 
Nocturnus (Margaron) Lea......-........ 887 
Nocturnus (Unio) Lea..........---..--... 887 
Nodifera (Quadrula) Conrad..........--. 782 
Nodiferus (Unio) Conrad...............-. 782 
Nodosa (Mya) Eaton ..........-..-..-.... 774 
Nodosa (Mya) Gmelin...-.....-.......-.- 682 
Nodosus (Unio) Barnes............--.-.-- 774 
Nodularia” Conradisseeeeeee aera corners 506, 


515, 806, 807, 809, 810, 811, 822, 862 
Nodulata (Obliquaria) Rafinesque......-. 744 
Nodulatus pustulatus (Unio) Petel ...... 782 


| Novee-hollandiz (Unio) Gray 


| Nubilus (Margaron) Lea 


Novee-hollandiz (Margarita) Lea ......-- 
Nove-hollandiz (Margaron) Gray 


Novi-eboraci (Margarita) Lea............ 
Novi-eboraci (Margaron) Lea............ 
Novi-eboraci (Unio) Lea 


IN/ bY ovUliols (WoW) JOR AS oe so sesuccososScos- 
Nucleopsis (Margarita) Lea.............. 
Nucleopsis (Pleurobema) Conrad ........ 
Nucleopsis (Unio) Conrad..........-.---- 
Nucleus (Margaron) Lea 
Nucleus (Nodularia) Lea 
INMWO ES ((UiebKO)) ILE) Cos cdooososessssescos- 
Nuculinus (Unio) Philippi..............- 
Numidica (Anodonta) Bourguignat...... 
Nuttalliana (Anodonta) Lea 
Nuttalliana (Margarita) Lea 
Nuttalliana (Margaron) Lea ...........-. 
Nuttalliana (Nodularia) Lea....--....-.- 
Nuttallianus (Margaron) Lea 


| Nuttallianus (Unio) Lea...-........-..-.- 


Nui (Margaromn)iUeaesen-- sects se ee eeeeee 
INuxs (Pleurobema)ueatie tee eeeeeseeeeee 
INhub.< (Oa) Neweerts Sogo adoccaccsoocecsco- 
INES ((WWhmbO) UE ceceoccaasoseetodousscenos 
Nux-persicus (Margaron) Dunker ........ 
Nux-persicus (Unio) Dunker............- 
Nyassz (Unio) Sowerby......-.......---. 
Nyassaensis (Margaron) Lea.........-... 
Nyassaensis (Parreysia) Lea........--..-- 
Nyassaensis (Platiris) Lea...........-.-.-- 
Nyassaensis (Spatha) Lea ................ 
Nyassaensis (Spathella) Ancey...-.....-- 
Nyassaensis (Unio) Lea 
Nyassaensis (Unio) Smith.......-........ 
Nyassana (Spatha) Bourguignat 
Nyassanus (Unio) Bourguignat 


2 | Obesus blandingianus (Unio) Lea..--...-.. 


Obesus (Margarita) Lea 
Obesus (Margaron) Lea 
Obesus paludicolus (Unio) Gould 
Obesus (Unio) Lea 
Obfuscus (Margaron) Lea 
Obfuscus (Unio) Lea 
Oblatus (Margaron) Lea 


Oblatus! (Unio) Meat. sa- eee oeeeee eee 7 


&® co I~ IAI 
Se oN oN 
a Te 


ee) 
eB 
SIoor % OT or 


/ 


Obliqua (Hyria) Petel 
Obliqua (Margarita) Lea............-...- 
Obliqua (Quadrula) Lamareck......-.-..- 
Obliqua (Unio) Wood 


INDEX. 
Page. 
871 | Ocmulgeensis (Margaron) Lea........-.. 
788 | Ocmulgeensis (Unio) Lea ....-........-.-. 
788 | Odatelia Rafinesque..........2522-:2..--- 
790 | Ogeecheensis (Lampsilis) Conrad........ 


Obliquaria Rafinesque ... 506, 510, 514, 610, 772, 791 


Obliquata (Obliquaria) Rafinesque 
Obliquatus (Unio) Say 
Obliquiradiatus (Unio) Reeve.-......--.-- 
Obliquus (Margaron) Lea 
Obliquus (Prisodon) Schumacher......-. 
Obliquuss@Unio)) Comrads=:-2. 222-22. +252 
Obliquus (Unio) Hanley.............-.-.- 
Obliquus (Unio) Potiez and Michaux.... 


wm oO 


2m 
oe) 


& 
ro) 


Oblita (Anodonta) Lea................--- 660 
Oblitay(@largaron) Wear. 22 4 -e-ss- eens a. 660 
Oblonga (Anodonta) Millet ......----..-. 623 
@blongata (Mya) Wood ..........-.-.---- 536 
Obloneqsi(Umilo) Weaeesss---e-cee eee eee. 726 
Obnubilus (Margaron) Lea............--- 716 
Obnuibilusy (Unio) eaeseese=se-- eee ee 716 
Obovalis (Obovaria) Rafinesque ......--. 599, 744 
Obovalis Sim psoneesese oe eeeee eee ee eee S40 
@bovalis (Unio) Conrad ,-----..---------- 789 
Oloovavbis (Wiuwo)) SEiyscoocoscconpbesobscceee 793 
Obovaria Rafinesque .........---- 506, 510, 514, 599 
Obovata (Mya) Solander......-....-.-.--- 744 
Obseurus (Lampsilis) Lea .............--- 4 549, 550 
Obscurus (Margarita) Lea..........-..... 550 
Obscurus (Margaron) Lea......:..-...--- 590 
Obseunusi (Umi) ieaeeasseeee eee eee 549 
Obtusa (Anodon) Heude..............--- 638 
Obtusa (Anodonta) Heude ....-......---. 639 
Obtusa (Cameronia) Bourguignat........ 910 
Obtusa (Margarita) Lea ...........------- 931 
Obtusa (Margaron) Lea ...........-...... 931 
Obtusa (Unio) d’Orbigny................. 882 
Obtusata (Anodon) Heude..........-.... 639 
Obtusula (Anodonta) Hupe......--..---- 921 
Obtusula (Glabaris) von Ihering ......... 921 
Obtusula (Margaron) Lea ................ 921 
Obtusus|¢Amodon)) Spi -..0-2----- 225-22 - 931 
Obtusus_(Diplodon) d’Orbigny ....-...... 882 
Obtusus (Glabaris) Spix ............2..-.- 931 
Obtusus (Margaron) Lea .............-..- 537 
Obtuswsi@Umio)Pbeamss-ceee eee rene eneee 537 
Obtusus var. b. lituratum (Anodon) Spix . 931 
@Obuneus (Unio) Lea..-....-.....-....-... 747 
Occata (Nodularia) Lea .................. 813 
Occatusn(Winio)Pucams-creas- cece eo neeeene 813 
Occidens (Margarita) Lea................ 527 
Occidens (Margaron) Lea..............-. 527 
Occidensi(Uni0) bearer seen eee eee 527 
Occidentalis (Barbala) Peetel ..........-. 584 
Occidentalis (Dipsas) Heude............. 584 
Occidentalis (Lampsilis) Conrad......... 551 
Occidentalis (Margaron) Lea ............ 551 
Occidentalis (Mycetopoda) Clessin ...... 93h, 
Occidentalis (Unio) Conrad.............. 551 
Occultus (Margaron) Lea ................ 717 
Occultuss(Umio) pean aeeeee ee seeee eee 717 
Ochracea (Margarita) Lea............... 581 
Ochracea (Mya) Eaton................... 530 
Ochracea (Symphynota) Lea ............ 531 
Ochraceus (Lampsilis) Say............... 530 
Ochraceus (Margaron) Lea .............. 5380 
Ochraceus (Unio) Say.................- --. 529, 530 


Ogeecheensis (Unio) Conrad....._....... 
Ohioensis (Anodonta) Rafinesque.......- 
Ohioensis (Metaptera) Conrad ........... 
Ohioensis (Symphynota) Ferussac....... 
Ohioensis (Unio) Say 
Oleivora (Solenaia)Heude ............... 
Oleivorus (Mycetopus) Heude 
Olivaria (Amblema) Rafinesque. ........ 


Ohlivaniusy (Unio) bea ess neaceee ee eee 
Omiensis (Nodularia) von Heimburg .... 
Omiensis (Unio) yon Heimburg.......... 
Opacarg (Anodonta) slucamesess ae sees 
Opaca (Margaron) Lea................-.- 
Opacatus (Unio) Crosse and Fischer 
Opacus (Margaron) Lea..........-....-.. 
Opacus (Unio) Lea 
Opalina (Anodon) Anthony 
Opalina (Anodonta) Kuster...........--. 
Opalinus (Unio) Anthony................ 
Opperti (Gabillotia) Bourguignat........ 
Opperti (Margaritana) Peetel............. 
Opperti (Pseudodon) Westerlund........ 
Opperti (Unio) Bourguignat 
Oratus7(Unio)sConradeeesseeeeeee eee eee 
Orbicularis (Anodon) Heude...........-. 
Orbicularis (Monocondylea) Petel...... 
Orbicularis (Monocondylus) Morelet ....: 
Orbicularis (Pseudodon) Morelet 
Orbiculatus (Lampsilis) Hildreth 
Orbiculatus (Margarita) Lea 
Orbiculatus (Margaron) Lea 


Orbiculatus (Unio) Hildreth............. E 


Orbignyana (Unio) Hupé 
Orbignyi (Castalina) Hupé and Deyille . 
Orbignyi (Margaron) Lea................ 
Orbignyi (Unio) Hupé 
Orbignyi (Unio) Hupé and Deyille 
Oregonensis (Anodonta) Lea............. 
Oregonensis (Margarita) Lea............. 
Oregonensis (Margaron) Lea...........-. 
Oregonensis (Nephronaias) Lea.......... 
Oregonensis (Unio) Lea.................. 
Oriensi@Unio) sicaeeeeee eee eee eee eee 
Oriens/(Unio) Sowerbyee-c-o-ss so ceee cess 
Orientalis (Margaron) Lea 
Orientalis (Nodularia) Lea............... 
Orientalis (Unio) Bourguignat........... 
Orientalis (Unio) Lea 
Ornata (Pleurobema) Lea........-..-.--. 
Ornatus (Margaron) Lea 
Ornatus (Unio) Lea 
Ornatus (Unio) Sowerby 
Orontesensis (Margaron) Lea 
Orontesensis (Unio) Lea 
Orphaensis (Margaron) Lea..........-..-. 
Orphaensis (Unio) Lea.-..............-.- 
Orthonymus Agassiz 
Ortonii (Prisodon) Lea................... 
Ortonili(Umio)Leases-= eee see eee 


1028 


Osbecki (Margaron) Lea 
Osbecki (Unio) Philippi ...-...--..-:-.-- 
Oseari (Unio) B. H. Wright 
Ostreata (Quadrula) Morelet ......--..-.- 
Ostreatus (Unio) Morelet........-..-.-.-- 
Othcaloogensis (Margaron) Lea.-......--- 
Othealoogensis (Truncilla) Lea 
Othealoogensis (Unio) Lea........------- 
Ovalis (Margarita) Lea............-.-..-. 
Ovalis (Mya) Donovan 
Ovalis (Mya) Montagu 
Ovalis (Pseudodon) Morelet....-...--...- 
Ovalis (Unio) Brown.....-.-----.--------- 
Ovalis (Unio) Dupuy.....-....--.-:-.--.-- 
Ovalis (Unio) Sowerby 

Ovata (glia) Swainson 
Ovata (Anodonta) Lea 
Ovata (Anodonta) Sowerby 
Ovata (Anodonta) Stark 
Ovata (Castalia) Sowerby ------.---.----- 
Ovata (Iridina) Swainson ......-....--.-- 
Ovata (Margarita) Lea.............----+: 
Ovata (Margaron) Lea.............------ 
Ovata (Mya) Donovan 
Ovata (Mya) Eaton 
Ovata (Mysca) Turton......---.:-----5-2-- 
Ovatal(Rlatinis)pueasesyess-eeecee eee a: 


Ovata (Quadrula) Simpson......--.---.-- : 


Ovata (Unio) Deshayes.......---.---.--+- 
Ovatus (Anodon) Sowerby-....----------- 
Ovatus (Lampsilis) Say 
Ovatus (Margarita) Lea.......-.--..-.---: 
Ovatus (Margaron) Lea.........-..------ 
Ovatus ornatus (Unio) Conrad........-.- 
Ovatus (Pleiodon) Swainson....-..----.- 
Ovatus (Tetraplodon) Sowerby...--..-.-- 
Ovatus (Unio) Say-...---..--------------: 
Ovatus var. b (Unio) Lamarck..--..:..--. 
. Oviformis (Margaron) Lea...--.-..-.---- 
Oviformis (Pleurobema) Conrad 
Oviformis (Unio) Lea 
Oxyrhynchus (Nodularia) yon Martens... 
Oxyrhynchus (Unio) von Martens...---- 
Ozarkensis (Lampsilis) Call...........--. 
Ozarkensis (Unio) Call.:...........--.-:- 
Pachostea (Obovaria) Rafinesque........ 
Pachynaias Crosse and Fischer.......--.- 
Pachyodon (Pleiodon) Bourguignat ..... 
Pachysoma (Margaron) Lea 
Pachysoma (Nodularia) Benson.....-.--. 
Pachysoma (Unio) Benson.....----.----- 
Pachystoma (Unio) Peetel........-..-.--- 
Pacifica (Anodon) Heude........--.------ 
Pahrangensis (Rectidens) Smith......-.. 
Pahrangensis (Unio) Smith 
Paivanus (Unio) Morelet........-...----- 
Palembangensis (Unio) Strubell 
Paliatus (Margarita) Lea.....-..-..--..-- 
Paliatus (Margaron) Lea..........------- 
Paliatus (Unio) Ravenel 
Pallegoixi (Anodon) Sowerby 
Pallegoixi (Trapezoideus) Sowerby ...--- 
Pallens (Unio) Kuster 
Pallens (Unio) Rafinesque 
Pallens (Unio) Rossmiissler .......------- 
Pallescens (Margaron) Lea 


INDEX. 

Page. Page. 
808 | Pallescens (Unio) Lea...........-..-..--- O37 
808 | Palliatus (Unio) Ravemel --.-..--::2----. 730 
719 | Pallida (Anodon) Anthony ....---.:..-.-- 632 
796 | Pallidofulous (Margaron) Lea ...---.-...-- 753 
796 | Pallidofulvus (Unio) Lea.....-.....------ 753 
521 | Paludicola (Mutelina) Rochebrune ....-.-. 906 
521 | Paludicolor (Unio) Conrad..............- 743 
521 | Paludicolus (Margaron) Lea..........--. 743 
685 | Paludicolus (Unio) Gould...........-.-.- 743 
682 | Paludosus (Anodon) Turton ....-....-..-- 623 
685 | Paludosus (Lampsilis) Morelet.........-- 576 
837 | Paludosus (Unio) Morelet....-.......-.-- 576 
685 | Panacoensis (Unio) von dem Busch....-- 705 
699 | Pangallicensis (Spatha) Rochebrune .... 902 
682 | Paphos (Anodonta) Rafinesque ........--. 933 
580 | Papyracea (Margaron) Lea ..........---- 618 
642 | Papyraceum (Alasmodon) Rafinesque ..- 673 
644 | Papyraceus (Anodon) Anthony....-..--- 618 
648 | Papyraceus (Lampsilis) Gould..........- 562 
864 | Papyraceus (Margaron) Lea ...........-- 563 
908 | Papyraceus (Unio) Gould.............-.- 562 
642 | Paradoxa (Cameronia) Bourguignat...-- 909 
642 | Paraguayana (Margarita) Lea ..-.......- 911 
685 | Paraguayana (Margaron) Lea.-........--- 874, 911 
530 | Paraguayana (Monocondylea) d’Or- 

685 DIQUY NS Sasa ieem eee ease eee ee eee 910, 912 
908 | Paraguayana (Unio) Hanley......---.--- 911 
801 | Paraguayanus (Unio) von Martens ...--- 894 
527 | Paraguayensis (Margaron) Lea .-.-.....-.-- 874 
922 | Paraguayensis (Unio) Lea ....-.........- 874 
530 | Parallelipipedon (Diplodon) Lea ........ 88h. 
530 | Parallelipipedon (Margarita) Lea.. ..--- 884 
530 | Parallelipipedon (Margaron) Lea........ 884 
528 | Parallelipipedon (Unio) Lea.....--.---.-- 884 
907,908 | Parallelus (Unio) Conrad ....-...2....--- 740 
864, | Paramattensis (Margaron) Lea.....-.-.-- 892 
526,530 | Paramattensis (Unio) Lea..........-..--- 892 
529 | Paranensis (Diplodon) Lea...........-..-. 887 
748 | Paranensis (Margarita) Lea...........--. 887 
748 | Paranensis (Margaron) Lea.........----- 887 
748 | Paranensis (Unio) Lea .-..--::...-..----- 887 
807 | Parchappii (Margarita) Lea...--.....---- 911 
807 | Parchappii (Monocondylea) d’Orbigny- - 911 
557 | Parchappii (Margaron) Lea.-...-...--.-- 911 
557 | Parchappii (Unio) Hanley .........--..-- 911 
744) Parcus)(Diplodon)) Lea 2222s -eeeeeeee eee 880 
794 | Parcus (Margaron) Lea .....-......:..... 880 
909 | Pareus (Unio) Lea....................---: 880 
813 | Parishii (Anodon) Gray ...-....---------- 915 
813 | Parishii (Leila) H. and A. Adams........ 915 
813 | Parishii (Margarita) Lea..-.....-......-. 915 
813 | Parishii (Margaron) Lea ....-.....:.-.... 915 
688 | Parma (Unio) Benson.........--.-------- 843 
85), | Parreysi schweinfurthi (Unio) von Mar- 
854 WINS) SnpaeouabandenodussosbouuocoooocaeNeS 813 
582,819 | Parreysia Conrad......-..-:-...-- 506, 508, 515, 840 
862 | Parreyssi (Unio) Philippi-.-...-...-.-.--.- 821 
730 |. Parva (Mya) Eaton..-........-.-..-..22 564 
730 | Parvula (Anodonta) Drouet..-..-..------ 624 
730 | Parvula (Barbala) Peetel..........-.-.-.- 585 
859 | Parvula (Cristaria) Heude ..............- 585 
859 | Parvulus (Dipsas) Heude ....-...----.--- 585, 586 
683 | Parvulus (Margaron) Lea.......-.-.-..-- 590 
744 | Parvulus (Medionidus) Lea....:....-..-. 590 
686 | Parvulus (Unio) Lea.....-.....---.------ 590 
588 | Parvus (Lampsilis) Barmes....-:...---..-- 564. 


INDEX. 1029 


= Page Page 
‘Paryus @Miarearita) ee dese eee eaeeee 064 | Pellucidus (Unio) Lea .................-. 562 
iPanvyus(Margarom))) Wears. -ss-ss2 seas 564 | Penchinatianus (Unio) Bourguignat..... 696 
ParviUsi@UN1O) PBanrneSiesesseces 2 seen sacs. 564 | Penicillatus (Anodon) Gray.............. 923 
banvyus) (Umio) Comrades s5—s45-- eae 563 | Penicillatus (Margaron) Lea.........-.-- 590 
TEyselaaibiss (Gaawo)) 180s oops Secencocos 802 | Penicillatus (Medionidus) Lea...-....... 590 
Pastasana (Anodonta) Clessin.....-...--. 930m enicill ais; (Umi oO) encase sees ences sce 590 
Pastasanus (Glabaris) Clessin .....--.---. 930 | Peninsularis (Trapezoideus) Simpson.... 859 
Patagonica (Anodonta) Lamarck.-...--- 916 | Penisatus (Unio) Fischer and Crosse..... 853 
Patagonica (Margarita) Lea -......-....- 916 | Penita (fruncilla) Conrad ............... 518 
Patagonica (Margaron) Lea....-..--.---- CIlbs| Benitusn(Margarita) Wweateeees cesses. se 518 
Patagonica (Unio) d’Orbigny ........-.-- 885 | Penitus (Margaron) Lea.-........-....... 518 
Patagonicus (Diplodon) d’Orbigny ...-.- EH |) IPsrouliIs (Wow) Cormerels -eocceccacoscocce 518 
Patagonicus felix (Glabaris) Pilsbry..... 917 | Pennsylvanica (Anodonta) Lamarck .... 618 
Patagonicus (Glabaris) Tamarck.....-..- 916 | Pepiniana (Anodonta) Lea............... 647 
Patagonicus (Margarita) Lea ............ 885 | Pepiniana (Margarita) Lea .............. 647 
Patagonicus (Margaron) Lea ..........-.- 885 | Pepiniana (Margaron) Lea............... 647 
Patelloides (Diplodon) Lea .............. 886,888 | Pequottianus (Unio) Linsley ........._.. 744 
- Patelloides (Margaron) Lea.......-...... 886 | Pereeformis (Diplodon) Lea .............. 836 
atelloides;(Umio) Mea = 2522225. ee 886 | Pereeformis (Margaron) Lea.........-.... 886 
Pattinoides (Unio) Lea_................... Ata eeereetormi se (Wmi@) seater e se heme meee 886 
Patsaligensis (Pleurobema) Simpson..... 761 | Perakensis (Rectidens) de Morgan......- 85h 
Patulus-(Margarita) ea -.22--.2222...... 746 | Perakensis(Unio) de Morgan..-.......... 854 
Patulus (Margaron) Lea .....:.-......... 746 | Percoarectatus (Margaron) Lea ....--.-... 725 
IPN HTOUNwIS ((WAabkO)) IUCH Ee ccocueeoseesscedseoe 746 | Percoarctatus (Unio) Lea...-..........-. 725 
Pauciplicatus (Unio) Lea .-...........-.-. 768 | Percompressa (Quadrula) yon Martens -- 196 
Paulista (Diplodon) von Ihering....-...- 873 | Percompressus (Unio) yon Martens. ...-. 796 
Paulista. (Unio) von Ihering ............. 873 | Perdix (Lampsilis) Lea ...... Sena eee 542 
IEDUIS. ALEvooyOSNIS)) IDC: cososcaocassecnase OoGu Bera ix (Margarita) Wearesscceereeee esses 542 
BPawlus(Margaron) Wea.css.s2-2. 2-42-25. HD | 1eteiachio< COMendet corn) IUCR) seoccoocceeascaaas 542 
IPAUUIDS (Wiel) IDE) sscoscososscsecsonsonar YAS) |) Teteseobb:< (QUiawO))) Weis sos ccesesscdoascasues 542 
Paupercula (Quadrula) Lea.............. TS Sm eer Cisxc (Win 0) RNC CY Ceemeeaenear ae = see BAL 
Pauperculus (Margaron) Lea ............ 783. | Berlatus; (Margaron) Wea... 2222255225222 731 
PAM pPerculuse (Will ©) peas = sae eee eee Tse ||, Leer ey abs (Wahl) 1Ue8 soo GonSccnuoussesocse 731 
Paviei (Chamberlainia) Morelet ......... SSoaPerlensisn (m1) elec telieeeee eee see 768 
JPR Wale (Ubabi@)) Wiorelelnss cocooocosscooo soos 582 | Perlucens (Margaron) Lea.....-......... 715 
Payvonia. (Anodonta) Lea.......-....:.-2- Glin leeerlucens! (Unio) Weare es eset a 714 
Pavonia (Margarita) Lea......../:....-.. 617 | Permiscens (Lampsilis) Lea.-....-......- 569 
Pavonia, (Margaron)-Lea.--..-....--..... 618 | Permiscens (Margaron) Lea...---...---.. 569 
Payonina (Dysnomia) Rochebrune ...... 862 aia bermiscenss(UmiO)=Wedeseass5-ee seer eaaee 569 
Payonius (Strophitus) Baker............. 618 | Pernodosus (Margaron) Lea..:--.--.-.--- 780 
Pawensis!@Umi0)) Weal -2-s----2- 52-5522. - (Aa SRernocdosuss(Umi1O) ueasnsasse eee ee eecee 780 
Paxyodon schumacher .-:.:-.+-:-.-. 501, 868, 869 | Perobliquus (Unio) Conrad ....-......-.. 520 
Pazie( Castalia) eHidals Ov. sess oe 884 | Perovalis (Lampsilis) Conrad ............ 531 
Pazi (Diplodon): Hidalgo...--......2..-.. 884. | Perovalis (Margarita) Lea...--...-..--..- 531 
azine CAMO COMba) BUCA sss 558 sec Seco 918 | Perovalis (Margaron) Lea..-.....-:.-.--- 531 
pais (Glabaris) uedesenssesss. asses eee 918 | Perovalis: (Unio) Conrad .....-..-.--..-.- 531 
Pazii(Margarom) -lea.-2-.-.-22..-<=: 816, 911,913 | Perovalis (Unio) Sowerby..-------------: 532 
Pazii (Monocondylea) Lea ...-........-- 911 | Perovata (Pleurobema) Conrad ....---.... 155 
azide (NOG wl aria) eases ose Sena ee 816 | Perovatus (Margarita) Lea...-..--...--.- 799 
IPeyaul (Uiawl@)\ ILE) Sosaoosodéaasasdsceeatose $16 | Perovatus (Margaron) Lea.........-:--.-- 759 
IPeieil: (hab) Lees cossoesccsuesccesnoued 602 | Perovatus:(Unio) Conrad -......-------.-. 755 
Pearlensis (Unio) Conrad .......---:-:..- 768 | Perpastus (Lampsilis) Lea ....-........-- 532 
Peetitus: (Unio) Conrad’ 2.5222. 22222 -2 == 52 Perpastus (Margaron) Lea ....-.-...-..-. 532 
Pectinatum (Tetraplodon.) Spix--:-....... 863 sRerpastusn(Unio)) beaeas seer seen saa 532 
Pectorosus (Margarita) Lea -..--...-...-- 543 | Perpictus (Margaron) Lea.....-.------.-- bod 
Pectorosus (Unio) Conrad.-...--.-.-.=--. Bel || IRF oO RUS (Warcwo)) ILCBios accosoosocoocsecos ood 
Peculiaris (Diplodon) Lea ............... 874 | Perplexa cincinnatiensis (Trancilla) Lea. 523 
Peculiaris (Margaron) Lea............2-. 874 | Perplexa rangiana (Truncilla) Lea ....-. 523 
seeulianisl(WmiO) eas se.2- asses sete 874 | Perplexa (Truncilla) Lea -..-..-..--....: 522 
RESIASI SIMPSON w sete sesso ese eee 506, 514, 660 | Perplexus (Margarita) Lea-..........---- 522 
Peguensis (Margaron) Lea..-.-.......... 835,858 | Perplexus (Margaron) Lea.......-------- 523 
Peguensis (Monocondylea) Anthony.... 835 | Perplexus (Truncilla) Rafinesque.......- 518 
Peguensis (Unio) Anthony..........-..-- S5on | Rerplexms7(Wmio) leds eee se re 522 
Pellis-lacerti (Unio) Morelet .........:... 815 | Perplexus-(Unio) Rafinesque-........---. 522 
Pellucidus (Lampsilis) Lea .............. 562 | Perplicata (Quadrula) Conrad ......:.-.- 767, 768 
Pellucidus (Margaron). Lea ......-...-:... 552 | Perplicata quintardii (Quadrula) Cragin. 768 


1030 INDEX. 


Page Page 

Perplicatus (Margaron) Lea........-.---- 768 | Pictorum (Baphiz) Meuschen............ 682 
Perplicatus (Plectomerus) Conrad .....-. 768 | Pictorum, ete. (Unio) Chemnitz -.......-.- 585 
Perplicatus (Unio) Conrad ............-.. 767 | Pictorum longirostris (Unio) Westerlund. 808 
Perpurpureus (Margaron) Lea.....-.---- 558 | Pictorum (Lymnium) Oken.......-.--.-. 682 
Perpurpureus (Lampsilis) Lea .........-- ' 558 | Pictorum (Margarita) Lea...........-...- 682 
Perpurpureus (HONIG) THAR, Sesccesssossuscs 558 | Pictorum (Margaron) Lea..........-..-.. 682 
Perradiatus (Margaron) Lea .....-......- 532 | Pictorum (Mya) Gmelin.................- 696 
Perradiatus (Unio) Wea: -225--2222--4-- 532 | Pictorum (Mya) Linneeus .........-...--- 680 
Personata (Sealenaria) Agassiz .....-.--- O22m bie conumls (Mey sca) Ou bOnE seater 682 
Personata (Truncilla) Say -...-...------- $22") Pictorum’ (Unio) Browae2-22eee sees ee 685 
Personatus (Margarita) Lea.....-..--..-- 522 | Pictorum (Unio) Draparnaud .........--- 696 
Personatus (Margaron) Lea..-.......---- 0225) bictorun\ (Umio)iGuerine seer eer eeeeee 686 
Personatus (Unio) Conrad..........------ 792 | Pictorum (Unio) Linneeus............... 503, 
Personatus (Unio) Say ....-.---- SUS Seta ae 022 5138, 678, 680, 682, 685, 686, 798, 808 
Perstriatus (Margaron) Lea ...--...-..--- 731 | Pictorum (Unio) Retzius..........-....-- 681 
Perstriatus| (Unio) Wea esses. ie = 731 | Pictus (Anodon) Swainson.............-. 648, 933 
Persuleatus (Margaron) Lea ...-.......-- 596M Ei chus) (eam psiliis) MW eal sees eee 542 
Persuleatus (Nephronaias) Lea .....----- 396) Bicuush (Mang amital leas ss ee reese 542 
Persulcatus (Unio) Lea .-.....-.--..-.--- 596 | Pictus (Margaron) Lea ..............-..-: 542 
Pertenuis (Margaron) Lea ........-.----- 664 | Pictus (Unio) Sowerby ......-....-......- 539 
Pertemui'ss (Umi) Weay eee ese eerie 664 | Pierri (Pseudodon) Rochebrune .....-... 840 
Peruviana (Unio) Lamarck ..........---- 167 \"Pietwri (Unio) Kobelti 222542 5--5 sees aaee 690 
Petersi (Mutela) Clessin...........------- 899), |) Pietrij (Unio) plbocand sas serena seer er ss 688 
Petersi (Spathella) Bourguignat ......-..- 899s ebigerd(Diplodom)ilWearsse sss eee eeee ee 875 
Petrina (Quadrula) Gould...........-.--- 783) |), Piger(Margaron) plea assess ee eeeeeeeeee 875 
Petrinus (Margaron) Lea .....-.-...-.--- TB. | LAiexere (hati) We ool caoecsoseussc ves co0es 875 
Petrinus (Unio) Gould ..........-..--.--- 783 | Pigerrimus (Unio) Crosse and Fischer ... 711 
Petros (Umilo) pete leases eee reac 688 | Pilaris (Margaron) Lea.................-- 792 
Petrovichii (Unio) Kuster ......-.-..---- 683) |) Pilaris);(Quadrula)) Wea see--eeseeeeseeee 792 
Petterianus (Margaron) Lea ........--..- 699nBilaris)(Umio) Reeve ese s-eeer eee eee 788 
Petterianus (Unio) Kuster ......-...----- 699) || SBilatusi(Unio) eae espera eee eeeeee = S11 
Pfeifferi (Unio) Dunker.........--..----. S/9))|) bilean (Simpson) ease pees ee eee ee eeeeee 522 
Pfeifferiana (Margaritana) Bernardi..... 900 | Pileus (Margarita) Lea.........-.......-- 522 
Pfeifferiana (Margaron) Lea.......--..-- 900 | Pileus (Margaron) Lea.........-..---.--. 522 
Pfeifferiana (Spatha) Bernardi.....-...-- 900A\ Pileus)(Umio) sbeaeesee eee eee eeeeeee 522 
Pfisteri inspiratus (Ptychorhynchus) Pilsbryi (Unio) Marsh.................--- 769 

TG We es erties ee ac eee Sees oe eee sens 851 | Pilsbryoconcha Simpson ..... 505, 506, 511, 514, 587 
Pfisteri inspiratus (Unio) Heude........-. 851 | Pinax (Unio) Benson....-........--...... 843 
Pfisteri (Ptychorhynchus) Heude.....-... 851 | Pinchonianus (Hyriopsis) Heude -...---.- 580 
Pfisteri (Unio) Heude........-..--.--.--- 850,851 | Pinchonianus (Unio) Heude............-. 580 
Pharaonum (Chambardia)........--..--- 902 | Pinei (Unio) B. H. Wright..........-..... 718 
Phaselus (Margaron) Lea .....---.----.-- 815 | Pinguis (Lampsilis) Lea.................- 540 
Phaselus (Nodularia) Lea.......-..-.---- 815 | Pinguis (Margaron) Lea......-.----..---- 540 
Phaselus (Unio) Lea .........-.--...--..- Sloe Pein guisk(Unio)sWedeesssseeeereee eeeeeeeee 540 
Phaseolus (Margarita) Lea...-.....---.-- 612 | Pinkstoni (Pleurobema) S. H. Wright---. 758 
Phaseolus (Margaron) Lea....-...-.-.---- 612 | Pinkstoni (Unio) S. H. Wright.........-. 758 
Phaseolus (Ptychobranchus) Hildreth... 612 | Piscatorum (Anodon) Heude .........--- 638 
Phaseolus (Unio) Hildreth............... 508,612 | Pisciculus (Cuneopsis) Heude ........... 805 
Phayresi (Unio) Theobald ............-.- 842 | Pisciculus (Unio) Heude......-.......--- 805 
Philippi (Unio) Dupuy.........--...-.-.- 699 | Piscinalis (Anodonta) Nilsson ........... 623 
Philippianus (Glabaris) Simpson......... 919 | Piscinalis (Unio) Rossmissler.....-...--- 698 
Philippianus (Unio) Kuster.............-. 891 | Placitus (Margaron) Lea.......--.----... 536 
Philipsii (Unio) Hanley.............--..- GLI | Placivus! (Unio) Plea ease eee eects 536 
Phillipsii (Margarita) Lea..............-- Gli PlaciodonwWeasessreereeee eee eee aceecrre 913 
Phillipsii (Margaron) Lea.......-..---.--. 611 | Plagiola (Rafinesque) .....-.-- 506, 510, 514, 603, 772 
Phillipsii (Unio) Catlow and Reeve...... 611 | Plagiosoma (Unio) Benson......-.......- 843 
Phillipsii (Unio) Conrad .........-.-.---- 611 | Plana (Anodonta) Lea ....-.........-.-.- 643 
Phillipsi/(Umio)PReevieleesessee ee eae = 523) |) Plana (Margarita) Wear as-eeeseeeeeneceee 643 
Pholadiformis (Anodon) Sowerby...--..-. 633 | Plana (Margaron) Lea -....-.-..--.---... 643 
Physunio Simpson .......--...------- 506,515,830 | Plancus (Lampsilis) Lea ...........-..... 556 
Pianensis (Unio) Farines...........-----.- 692 | Plancus (Margaron) Lea.........-..-.-.-- 556 
Piceus (Diplodon) Lea ..........-..------ 877.) elancus: (Unio) sbeaeeeneeeeeo ee eee eres 556 
Piceus (Margaron) Lea.....-..----.------ 877 | Planicostatus (Lampsilis) Lea..-...--.... 558 
Piceus) (Unio) Wea ae ssss eee eerie ee 877 | Planicostatus (Margaron) Lea..........-. 583 
Pictetiana (Anodonta) Brot.......---.... 625 | Planicostatus (Unio) Lea.....-......--... 503 
Pictorum amurensis (Unio) Mousson..... 808 | Planior (Margaron) Lea...........------. 763 


INDEX. 1081 

Page. Page. 

Planion (Pleurobemia)) pues ssa. eses sai 763 | Pliculosus (Unio) von Martens........-.-- 862 
Tikaroukore (Usa) IWEHI. coscasocadocasqsopesee 7S] JAlorenjorahwis (Onawo)) Walley Gocsccssassscases 744 
Planilaterus (Margaron) Lea......--.---- 722 | Plumbea (Chama) Chemnitz...........-- 797 
Planilaterus (Unio) Conrad ......-...-.--- 722 | Plumbea (Quadrula) Chemnitz ...-.....- 797 
Planivalvis (Lampsilis) Morelet........-.- 576 | Plumbeus (Unio) Ferussac.......-..-....- 797 

Planivalvis (Unio) Morelet........-.-:--- 5/6 | Poeyanus (Margaron) Lea.............-..- 73 
Plantil (Margarom) Lea): -.5-2...-2------- LD | TROCHEHMDIS ((1WhavKo))) JUSS Skee oe saeeoucaaacas 738 
Dien (Wicwo)) WER, cocccocccomanosansenece 729 | Poirieri (Zaira) Rochebrune .......-..... 862 
Planulata (Margaron) Lea ........-.-.--- 836 | Polita (Anodonta) Mousson.............. 588 
Planulata (Microcondylea) Peetel .....-- 8360) Rolitay(Margarom))) Weasse os o-2- oe 6 eee 588 
Planulata (Monocondylea) Lea........-- 886 | Politus (Anodon) Sowerby -..............- 588 
Planulata (Pseudodon) Conrad ...-....-- Big)" || JEoubtinwts} ((Ciouko)) Sey eoosesdacuceuacsoaacaue 792 
lamas) (Umi o) wea seats ee see 612 | Polymorpha (Anodonta) Lea .....-.....- 648 
JkyawS (Wiekoy) (Coren ee ccoooassccausoudee 574 | Polymorphus (Unio) B. H. Wright.....--. 707 
Platiolus (Unio) Rafinesque...._-..--.--- 744 | Polysticto-scriptus (Quadrula) Heude.... 799 
TPIT JOeeNs Gee ae al eee emt ee 501 | Polysticto-seriptus (Unio) Heude .....--. 799 
Platyrhynchus (Margarita) Lea........-- 683 | Polystictus (Quadrula) Heude ..........- 799 
Platyrhynchus (Margaron) Lea......---- 683 | Polystictus (Unio) Heude............-... 799 
Platyrhynchus (Unio) Rossmiissler ---...- 683 | Ponderosa (Anodonta) C. Pfeiffer........ 626 
Platyrhynchoideus (Unio) Westerlund .. 684 | Ponderosa (Mya) Dillwyn..........-.-.-- 804 
Platyrinchoideus (Unio) Dupuy ....-.-.-- 513,684 | Ponderosus (Bariosta) Rafinesque........ 744 
Platyrrhynchoideus (Unio) Sowerby ..-- 684 | Ponderosus (Margarita) Lea ...........-- 804 
Pleasii (Lampsilis) Marsh..........--.--- 533, 557 | Ponderosus (Margaron) Lea...........-.-- 804 
lease (Wimio)) Marshes sesee ae sence eeae 457 | Ponderosus (Paxyodon) Schumacher .... 870 
Plectophorus (Plectomerus) Conrad ....- 706 | Ponderosus (Unio) Hanley....-.........- 804 
Plectophorus (Unio) Conrad -....-....-.- “06> | Ropeil((Margaron) leases. sees aces 738 
Pleiodon Conrad ............. 501, 506, 515, 907,908 | Popeii (Unio) Lea ...............-.--...-.- 737, 738 
Plena (Quadrula) Lea.:........---------- 790M PO penois (Unio) i Callas een eereee se sceee 610 
-Plenus (Margaron) Lea --.------.=----4-- 790) | Roreiter, (Am od o))|Grayeesee eee e ee ee eee 932 
PUES (WO) IE, Se csseocodsscocdaeseaue 790 | Porphyreus (Lampsilis) Lea.............. 538 
Rlethobasus;oumpsonesreeneeseeseeeecieee: 764. | Porphyreus (Margaron) Lea ........-..-- 58 
Pletholophus Simpscn..........--.------- 585 | Porphyreus (Unio) Lea............-..---- 538 
Pleurobema Rafinesque -:..---2.2-.---.-- 506, | Porrectus (Unio) Conrad...-......-...... 740 
509, 510, 514, 745, 754, 760,774,793 | Postellii (Margaron) Lea................- 723 
Rlexusi(Umio)iConradis-s--s--s2 22 eee c- AOL TU) | Leo KEM oht (pablo) IUCES Saaschcoasoccoccuedas 723 
Plicata (Anodonta) Haldeman......-.--- 659 | Poulsoni (Symphynota) Ferussac ........ 568 
Plicata (Anodonta) Schrenck......--.--- 583 | Poulsoni (Unio) Conrad...............--- 568 
Plicata (Barbala) H. and A. Adams.....- 383 | Poulsoni (Unio) Sowerby ....-.....--..-- 568 
Plicata clessini (Dipsas) Kobelt.........- 584 | Powellii (Lampsilis) Lea..........--..... 538 
Plicata (Cristaria) Leach........-..-- 583, 584,903 | Powellii (Margaron) Lea....--...---...-- 538 
Plicata hippopeea (Quadrula) Lea....-... TOY? || Leto elulint) (WW pauWo))) WSs Gocco Gocansnconeooncs 538 
Plicata japonica (Dipsas) Kobelt........- 585 | Preeclara (Anodonta) Bourguignat....... 649 
Rihcatay (Marg arom) ewes eres s-casecceees 659 | Preeclarum (Colletopterum) Bourguignat 649 
Plicata (Mutela) Sowerby...--....-.----. 905 | Prelonga (Eurynea) Stimpson....-....-- 545 
licatay (Miva) pHaton ee ecceenecees cee 767 | Prelongus (Unio) Barnes .......-.--...-- 545 
Plicata (Quadrula) Say ...........--...-. 766,767 | Prasina (Mutelina) Rochebrune ........- 906 
JPVNGRRED (WOO) SBN Soosassoosensusoocs 504, 766,767 | Prasinatus (Unio) Conrad...............- 714 
Plicatula (Barbala) Peetel......22.2..2--- o84n |i erasinuss (Unio): Conrad ss sen4. ss seeesne 779 
Plicatulus (Margaron) Lea..........-.-.- 853)-| Prattil (Lampsilis)) Wea. 2522252222222: 550 
Plicatulus (Nephronaias) Charpentier -.. SD era tiie Mare aromas) Pu eC aes seeeisenseee eee 550 
Plicatulus (Unio) Charpentier -....-....- S9IN5O(alebra tiie (Unio) peeaeeeeeseae eee ase see aes 550 
Blicatulus;@Unio) Mewes... 2s sseeeee as 853 | Pressa (Alasmodonta) Baker............. 663 
Bliecatusi(Appius)) Graves s-ececsc. saescees 583 | Pressodonta Simpson......-.-.--.-.------ 667 
Plicatus (Dipsas) Leach ...--...........-. 583 | Pressus (Margaron) Lea.........--------- 663 
Plicatus((Margarita)) Lea. .-.2-..2-2.----- 583,767 | Pressus (Unio) H. and A. Adams.......-- 663 
Plicatus (Margaron) Lea..........-.--.-- 583,767 | Prevostianus (Lampsilis) Lea..........-- 559 
Plicatus (Mycetopus) Clessin...-..-....-- 930 | Prevostianus (Margaron) Lea....-....--- 550 
Plicatus (Mycetopus) Sowerby ....-...... 905 | Prevostianus (Unio) Lea.-...--.....-.-.-- 550 
Plicatus (Mytilus) Solander.............. 583 | Preyostianus (Unio) Sowerby -..--.-.-.-- 560 
icatusi@zlatinis) pueamssssseseersssener ee OOD mp erisodoneleearer: saree ance ere eee eee 863 
Plicatus (Plectomerus) Conrad........... (67) Prisodon| Schumacher sss. 2). 221-12 4-1 501, 
Plicatus! (Umio) Kuster 22s. s22scesc.5-5- 769 506, 507, 515, 867, 868, 869, 870, 872 
Plicatus (Unio) Sowerby ................- GSEs || APoalnKolavoye ((WWpouto)) Ibee nou oooaesdadoSos 820 
Pliciferus (Margarita) Lea ..............- 701 | Productus (Margarita) Lea..........:...- 735 
Pliciferus (Margaron) Lea..............-. 702 | Productus (Margaron) Lea.....-....-..-- 735 
Hciferus|(Umio) ea neta see eee sees 701 | Productus (Unio) Conrad .......-....---- 735 


1032 INDEX. 


Page. Page 

Productus (Unio) Mousson .....--...----- 820' | Puleher (Margarita) lea 228222522. --- 541 
Proechus (Unio) Bourguignat.-.........-- 683 | Pulcher (Margaron) Lea....-......------- 541 
Profugus (Diplodon) Gould -......--..-.- 89i-)| eulcher (Unio) bea=sa===5 esa eee 541 
Profugus (Margaron) Lea ....--.--------- 891 | Pulcher (Unio) Tapperone-Caneiri - --.- =e 856 
Prohucusy (Unio) 1G oul dseeee asses =eeeeeeee 891 | Pullatus (Margaron) Lea.--..--..-.-----..-- 726 
Prolongatus (Rectidens) Drouet -......-- 85) Seullatusi (Unio) ied sss=asee eee eee 726 
Prelongatus (Unio) Drouet-.......-...--.- 853, 854 | Pullus (Lampsilis) Conrad .-.-....---..-- 566 
Propinqua (Truncilla) Lea........-..---- 526) eeulllusi (Mare aron) Mea esse= asses 566 
Propinquus (Margaron) Lea ..-.....-..--- 5235) seullusi(Unio) {Conrad saeesee peepee 566 
Propinquus;(Un10) beats. sees ee eee 523 | Pulvinata (Columba) Clessin -........-.-- 915 
Proprius (Lampsilis) Lea.-.......-.- SSenons 548 | Pulvinata (Leila) Hupé_--.-..-..----.--- 915 
Proprius (Margaron) Lea......-.-.------- 348 | Pulvinatus (Anodon) Sowerby -.---------- 915 
Proprius (UMNO) Weaeasss sees ae eee 548 | Pulvinulus (Margaron) Lea-..-...-...--- 758 
Proptera Rafinesque -..--------22.--- Ole 5s66;078" || Pulyainlus (Umio) nea ass neee 758 
Prosacrus (Unio) Locard! ---2----=-----2-- 689 | Pumila (Anodonta) Heude .....-.-...---- 640 
Protchi (Spathella) Rochebrune ..--...--- -902)) | Pumilal(Quadrulla) sites sees eee ae 785 
Protensus (Margaron) Lea -.-..-..-.----- 716 | Pumilio (Unio) Kuster --..--- See 817 
Protensus (Wnio) Lea =22--2-28.2--2---2=- 76, |) Pumilus|(Marearon)sledse=--s=- =e 785 
Protensus (Unio) Tapperone-Caneiri-..-- 8b |) Bumilus)(Unio)Mearess== esa sseeee eee ee 785 
Proyancheriana (Arconaia) Pilsbry..---- 725) ||) Pumilus) (Unio) Ziewler s2.-- so ssesseeeee 821 
Proximus (Margaron) Lea ------.--------- dd1 | Punctatus (Lampsilis) Lea .....-..:..-..-- 542 
IPTOxamMUs) (UO) PRUSter =: sean 556 | Punctatus (Margaron) Lea .....-.-...---- 542 
PrOxTMUS| (WMO) Bea ees se eee aes 550) | -PBunetatus) (Unio) ea 22255 ee eee 542 
Pruinosus (Unio) Schmidt .-......---.--- 698 | Puniceus (Lampsilis) Haldeman --.....-- 548 
Prunoides (Diplodon) Lea ...--.-..-.---- 875 | Puniceus (Margaron) Lea .---....--...--- d48 
Prunoides (Margaron) Lea.-.-.-.-------- 875 | Puniceus (Unio) Haldeman...-..-...__-. 548 
Pranoides (Unio); Geass: ----2- === eee 875 | Purpurascens (Anodon) Swainson -..-.-- 575 
Prusii (Unio) Bourguignat -....--...----- 694 | Purpurascens (Unio) Lamarck ---....---- P7PAL 
Psammactinus (Unio) Philippi-....-..--- 879 | Purpuratus (Lampsilis) Lamarck ------..-. 568, 569 
Psammita (Anodonta) Bourguignat..----- 625 | Purpuratus (Margarita) Lea -...-....-.-- 568 
Psammoica (Castalina) d’Orbigny -.-.--- 866 | Purpuratus (Margaron) Lea----- oe eaawaess - 568 
Psammoica (Unio) d’Orbigny.-.-.-...-.---- 866. | Burpuratus) (Umio) bears =s5-4---e esse eee 568 
Psammoicus (Margaron) Lea ...------.-- 866 | Purpurea (Anodonta) Valenciennes -...- §32 
Pseudavicula Simpson --..--...------- 506,515,860 | Purpurea (Dalliella) Valenciennes..-.-.-- 832 
Pseudobaphia Simpson-.-.-..--2----------- 849 | Purpurea (Margarita) Lea.--.--..-.--.--- §32 
Pseudodon' Gould sesso. eee eee 506, 515, 834,836 | Purpurea (Margaron) Lea........-...-..- $32 
Pseudodontopsis (Anodonta) Bourgui- Purpurea (Miya) Baton s-2-5----eeeseseee 721 

SNUG See ee Ree eee eee meee ae 648 | Purpurellus (Margaron) Lea ....-.-.-.--- 718 
Pseudodopsis (Anodonta) Locard ......-- 649, 650 | Purpurellus (Unio) Lea .--.-----..--.-.-- 718 
Pseudodopsis (Gabillotia) Locard.-.-...--.. 650) Purpureus (Umi0)) Say qese- oe sseee eee 721 
Pseudodus de Morgan.......-.----=------ 834 | Purpuriatus (Unio) Say ---.--.--.2.--2--- 592 
Pseudomutela Simpson ...--.------------ 905\ -Burus:(Marearon) hea soas.5 4 sess eee 729 
Pseudonymus (Unio) Simpson --.-.-.--.-- 69.) Burus) (Unio) Wealssase-s-e see eee ee 729 
IRSCUGOODESIM PSOM asset aa eee eee aeee 601 | Pusilla (Obliquaria) Rafinesque-....-.--- 744 
Pseudospatha Simpson-.-.-.-----..-- 505, 506, 514,577 | Pusillus (Mlargaron) Lea -...5.22.------2- - 708 
IPSIMUNIO 7a 3 Hew hese eee oes Soe e a eee 510) ) (Busillus) (Unio) hearse see ee 708 
IBSoricus# (Unio) Wloreletes-e- ss eee eee 703 | Pustulata (Margaron) Leas----22--52--2=- 781 
Pieranodonvhischeretee-sscen eee -e eee eee 637 | Pustulata (Quadrula) Leas: -222222--2 == 781 
Pterosygna Rafinesque -------.---------2- 665 | Pustulata (Unio) Swainson. .-....-.---.-- 608 
Ptychobranchus Simpson ....--.-- 506, 510,514,612 | Pustulatus (Margarita) Lea .............- 781 
Ptychorhynchus Simpson .-...-.--.-.- 506,515, 850 | Pustulatus (Unio) Lea..........-.-..:..-- 781, 782 
iRtychodermaysimpsone==sse-p ese eee 606 | Pustulosa keineriana (Quadrula) Lea...- 780 
IP fy. chos ene see seeeeene eee ene eee eee 514,612 | Pustulosa pernodosa (Quadrula) Lea... .- 780 
Puberula (Anodonta) Gould ...-.....---- 919 | Pustulosa (Quadrula) Lea........-..- 519, 779, 780 
Pudica (Pleurobema)) Lea. =. -=-=2-5------ 751,760 | Pustulosus (Margarita) Lea .....-.....-.- 779 
Pudicus (Margaron)) lea -..-. 2-222 ---22-- 7ol | Pustulosus (Margaron) Lea......-..------ 779 
Rudi cus; (Umi) heaSesleeeeeeee teen fol | Pustulosus\( Unio) Calle 2222 see eee 782 
Puelchana (Anodonta) @Orbigny--...--- 921 || Pustulosus:(Unio) eal sSe cesses e eee 779 
Puelchana (Margaron) Lea-.-.------.---- 921 | Pybasil (Margarom) Leas: -2 22222. essse 549 
Puelchanus (Glabaris) d’Orbigny --.----- 991) «Py basil (Om10) ieaeassess-e eee eee 549 
Puerorum (Anodon) Heude...-.-..--.---- 639 | Pygmea (Mycetopoda) Spix .-----.-.--.- 934 
Pugio (Nodularia) Benson..-.---.-..-----.-- 814 | Pygmeeus (Margaron) Lea..-.-..--.------ 715 
Pusio (Unio) SBensonees=ssessee ees eee ee Sit | Pygmeeus (Mycetopus) Hupé.-----.-..--- 935 
Pulchella (Anodon) Heude ...--..-.----- 639 | Pygmezeus (Mycetopus) Sowerby ---------- 934 
Pulchella (Cameronia) Bourguignat--..- 910 | Pygmeeus (Platiris) Lea .......-...----..: 934 


Pulcher (Lamellidens) Tapperone-Caneiri 856) | -Pygmeeus!(Um10) Geaess-ee seo aes 715 


INDEX. 1033 

Page. | Page. 

Pyramidata (Quadrula) Lea.........- 510, 754,790 | Rajahensis (Unio) Lea..................- 844 
Pyramidatus (Margarita) Lea ..........-. 790 | Raleighensis (Margaron) Lea............. 723 
Pyramidatus (Margaron) Lea ..-..--.-.--- 790 | Raleighensis (Unio) Lea .........-..-.... 723 
Pyramidatus (Unio) sede ss. -2 ceases 790 | Ranarum (Anodonta) Morelet........-.. 624 
Pyriformis (Margaron) Lea....-...------- 762 | Randabeli (Brazzea) Bourguignat...._-- 907 
Pyriformis (Pleurobema) Lea .---..------ 762 | Randabeli (Cameronia) Bourguignat.... 910 
Te\pralvovamams) (havo) 1beE Ss Sek ceconsossensases 762 | Randabeli (Nodularia) Bourguignat..... 822 
Quadrangulosus (Unio) Heude........--- 801 | Randabeli (Unio) Bourguignat .......... $22 
Quadrans (Diplodon) Lea ....-..--..-.---- 885 | Randalli (Anodonta) Trask.............- 657, 658 
Quadrans (Margaron) Lea ....-.......--- 885 | Rangianus (Margarita) Lea............-. 523 
Quardrans (Umi) ease a-- a. .sss-scec oe 885 | Rangianus (Margaron) Lea .........-.-.. 523 
Quadrata (Castalia) Sowerby......--.---- S645 Ran eiamiush (Umit @) eUealeeanesesereseeee eee 523 
Quadrata (Margaritana) Lea ............- 664 | Rariplicata (Unio) Deshayes.-.........-..- 767 
Quadrata (Margaron) Lea.....-..-...---- 664 | Rarisuleata (Unio) Lamarck ............. 721 
Quadrata (Symphynota) Lea --....-_--.- 664 | Rasus' (Margarom)) eal sss22sss555---22--- 687 
Quadratus (Margaron) Lea....-....----.- (23 |) IREISOIS) (Widhto)) IUCR, canSausoessocuoeeoouseee 687 
Quadratus (Tetraplodon) Sowerby --..-.- SIHA. [URN AUIS) (Oiebko)) Ibe Soo cGeédaoocoeneoesesacss 724 
Ouadmatass (Umi o) Meas aye ere (osm eRavenelia (Unio) (Conradessss se eee eee 721, 748 
Quadratus (Unio) Reeve .%.:.....--..---- 777 | Raveneliana (Alasmidonta) Lea ..-...-..- 671 
Quadrilatera (Castalia) @’Orbigny ..--.-- 864 | Rayeneliana (Alasmodonta) Ferussac.... 671 
Quadrilaterum (Tetraplodon) d’Orbigny- 864 | Rayeneliana (Baphia) H. and A. Adams. 671 
Quadrilaterus (Margaron) Lea..---.-..-- 725 | Raveneliana (Margaritana) Chenu ...... 677 
Quadrilaterus (Unio) Lea_..........--.-- 725 Rayeneliana (Margaritana) Lea........- G71 
Quadriplicatus (Anodon) Sowerby...---- 618 | Raveneliana (Pleurobema) Lea...-...--- 748 
Quadrula (Obliquaria) Rafinesque...--.- 744 Ravenelianus (Margarita) Lea..-......-- 671, 748 
Quadrula (Rafinesque) .................. 505,506, | Rayenelianus (Margaron) Lea..........-- 671, 748 
= : 508, 510, 514, 745, 765, 773, 793,805 | Ravenelianus (Strophitus) Conrad...--.. 671 
Qirencbapohns, (Cm) CSN pose coadocccodscose 17 | Ravenelianus (Unio) Lea-.:-.-...--..--. 748, 758 
Quinqueannulatus (Unio) Kuster.....--- 683 | Ravenelianus (Unio) Reeve..........---- Tal 
Quintardii (Unio) Cragin --...-......-.-- 768 | Ravistellus (Margaron) Lea.............- 597 
Radians (Margaron) Lea........--:------ 564 | Ravistellus (Nephronaias) Morelet.....-. 597 
IRANChE AS {COpavo)) IER Sa caccoacsoscoessaae> 554 | Ravistellus (Unio) Morelet.......--...--. 597 
Radiata (Alasmodonta) Conrad....-.-..-- 620 | Rayoisieri issericus (Unio) Kobelt -...-.- 686 
Radiata (Anodonta) Valenciennes ..-..-- 648 | Ravoisieri (Margaron) Lea.-.....---..--. 687 
Radiata (Cristaria) Simpson.-....-..-.--.- 585,586 | Ravoisieri (Unio) Deshayes......-....--- 687 
Radiata-(Margarita) Lea........-.-.2.--- 925 | Rayi (Anodonta) Drouet..-........2-.--- 624 
Radiatay (Moya) (Gmelin) =s225- <2 ss2ss-s5- 535 | Reclusa (Pluerobema) B. H. Wright-..--- 760 
Radiata-(Umio)) Lamarck: -=2- 2-522. --s5-- 528,535 | Reclusus (Unio) B. H. Wright ..........-- 750 
Radiata (Uniopsis) Swainson .--....--.--- 667  Recognitus (Mycetopus) Heude..-.--....-. 656 
AGMA SiN PSOMsn se eee ee eee ae 20= 1 Recta (Elyria) sSOWerbYyiaseeee eee eee 871 
RaCiaiusE(AMoOd on) Spix as. c--ses-s-5=2- 925) Recta: (Unio) shaman sas se-s see ea 534, 544 


Radiatus (Anodonta) Muller.......-.-.-- 622 
Radiatus conspicuus (Lampsilis) Lea---.- 
Radiatus (Glabaris) Spix...--......-.---- 
Radiatus (Lampsilis) Gmelin 534, 535, 536 


Radiatus (Margarita) Lea ..--...-----.--- 535 
Radiatus (Margaron) Lea....-...-.-.-.-- 535, 925 
Radiatus (Strophitus) Conrad.-.-.....----- 620 
IRerchennprs| (Ahab) ADs) IE ysescasetesesseqse 552 
Radiatus (Unio) Hildreth........2-:.---- 527 
RACHONUSN (WiM2O) Wheaten e eee ts see 716 
TRACHONUS (C(WAGO)) ILEE) 35.55 s6Sccsonaescses= 750 


Radiota (Nodularia) Charmes...-...--..- 82h, 


Radiotuss(Umic)| Charmess: 225 2-5-2522 - 824 
Radula (Dysnomia) Rochebrune..-....--- 820 
Radway (Onio) "Benson 2.252. 2 esses ee §20 
IReGlwka, (iewO) SE; consdssosedeeccescasnns 744 | 
Radulosa (Quadrula) Drouet and Chaper- 803 
Radulosa rhomboidea (Quadrula) Simp- 

BOM dooodnctanscdcosocaossooses ssesSages 803 
Radulosus (Unio) Drouet and Chaper...- 803 
Raeensis (Margaron) Lea ..-.-:..:------- 723 
IRBs) (Wav) IE), a ooeseacccnsccssseaos 723 
Rajahensis (Margaron) Lea ......-------- 844 
Rajahensis (Parreysia) Lea ..-.....--.--- Shh 


Recttidens)/Simpsonee=--e ese sees 


506, 515, 853 


Rectilinearis (Unio) Sowerby -.-.-.-..------ 825 
5 | Rectus (Lampsilis) Barnes ....-.---.-...-- 545 
Rectus (Lampsilis) Lamarck........-.--- 5hh 
Rectus7@iare anita) Mee dss saeeeeeeseeesee 545 
|e daveKergb) (Wilengedmxoyal)) ILE) oscensccsucesoesos 545 
Rectus (Prisodon) Sowerby.-.-.-.-..------ 871 
Rechts (Umi) Waar chkaes eee see see 509 
Recurvatusy (Umi0)) We aestee aaeenen enemas 790 
Recurvirostris (Anodonta) Lea .....-.--- 648 
Reevianus (Lampsilis) Lea..........-.--- 538 
Reevianus (Margaron) Lea...-....---.-..- 538 
IRGlenwenoubIs (((Chavko))) Wels Soosancceooossosons 53. 
Reflexa (Obliquaria) Rafinesque..-.-.-...-- 610, 611 
IRGuilepquks (Web) SVs sonccoonceacubensance 611 
Refulgens (Margaron) Lea..-......--.--.- 782 
| Refulgens (Quadrula) Lea ......---....-- 782 
INRGivUlEKeINg) (paul) IEE) -Sosaanneencoscoeose 782 
Regularis (Anodonta) Morelet ......--..- 624 
Regularis (Margaron) Lea:.-..........--- 556 
Reg ulanich (Umi o) pu eaieee esses ee cree seac 55d 
Regularis (Unio) Sowerby.......--------- 531 
Reiniana (Anodonta) von Ihering ....--- 585 
Reiniana (Barbata) Peetel.....-....------ 585, 
Reiniana (Cristaria) von Martens......-.. 585 


1034 


Reiniana (Dipsas) Kobelt .:......-....-.-. 
Reiniana (Nodularia) Kobelt .....-..-..- 
Reinianus (Unio) Kobelt........-...-.--- 
Renea (Nodularia) Jousseaume........-.- 
Renei (Spatha) Jousseaume........----.- 
Reneus (Reneus) Jousseaume........---- 
Reniformis (Unio) Rossmiissler .....-.-.- 
Requieni (Unio) Michaud..............-. 
Requieni (Unio) Rossmiissler ...........- 
Retiaria (Parreysia) Heude ....-........- 
JRE MEMEO! (Ota) ISTEWOS 556 cossccososaaed 
Reticulata (Margaritana) Peetel........--. 


Reticulata (Margaron) Lea..........-.--- 91: 


Reticulata (Monocondylea) Moricand... 
Reticulatus (Anodony Sowerby ....----..- 
Reticulatus (Aplodon) von Ihering ...-.-. 
Reticulatus (Nephronaias) Simpson...... 
Reticulatus (Unio) Sowerby-.-..--..--.--- 
Retortus (Unio) Heude.............-....- 
Retortus (Unio) von Martens...--.....-- 
Retteri (Anodonta) Drouet .............-- 
Retusa (Anodon) Heude .......-...------ 
Retusa (Castalia) Hupe ........-......... 
Retusa (Obliquaria) Rafinesque........-. 
Retusa (Obovaria) Lamarck ...........-. 


Retusa (Unio) Lamarck........-....-.--. 599, 


Retusus (Margarita) Lea........-...-.--. 
Retusus (Margaron) Lea ..............--- 
Retusus (Tetraplodon) Hupé..........--- 
Retususk (Unio iSayeeeeesaseeeeeee seer ree 
Revoiliana (Cameronia) Bourguignat.... 
Rhombeus (Diplodon) Wagner ....-....- 
Rhombeus (Margarita) Lea............-. 
Rhombeus (Margaron) Lea ....-......--- 
Rhombica (Alasmodon) Anthony....--... 
Rhombica (Margaritana) Peetel.......... 
Rhombica (Monocondylea) Kuster. ..--- 
Rhomboidea (Leguminaia) Kobelt ...--. 
Rhomboidea (Margaron) Lea ..........-- 
Rhomboidea (Microcondylea) Petel ..-.. 
Rhomboidea (Monocondylea) Lea....-.. 
Rhomboideus (Pseudodon) Westerlund. . 
Rhomboideus (Unio) Moquin-Tandon ... 
Rhomboideus (Unio) Sowerby..-.--....-- 
Rhomboidopsis (Unio) Locard ...-....... 
Rhbombula (Unio) Lamarck ............-. 
Rhuacoica (Unio) d’Orbigny..........-.- 
Rhuacoicus (Diplodon) d’Orbigny....... 
Rhuacoicus (Margaron) Lea ............- 
Rhuaconicus (Diplodon) Kuster..........- 
Rhuaconicus (Unio) Kuster....-.....-.-- 
Rhyaceca (Monocondylea) Petel ......- 
Rhynchoidea (Chambardia) ...-......... 
Rhynchonella (Chambardia) ....-...-.-- 
Rhynchonella (Grandidieria) Bourguig- 

TAG AGS EE EIS Eee ah tepes 
Richthofeni (Unio) von Martens.......-. 
Riddellii (Margaron) Lea ...............- 
Riddellii (Quadrula) Lea ...-...-..--...- 
IRV KOKG KEW DHL (Outi) OCH Sos tedotoccusdaasacor 
Ridibundus (Unio) Say ...--.......-..--- 
Rigaday (Miya) WOOd hese ee teee eters eee 
Rimosus (Unio) Rafinesque ..........-..- 
Rioplatensis (Anodon) Sowerby..-.---.-.- 
Riparia (Unio) C. Pfeiffer ................ 
Rivicolus (Unio) Conrad..............--- 


io'a) 
0 


ie) 
oS 


INDEX. 
Page. 

585 | Rivularis (Anodonta) Heude ............ 
810 | Rivularis (Mycetopus) Heude............ 
810 | Rivularis (Solenaia) Heude.............. 
822 | Rivularis (Unio) Conrad .........-....... 
896 | Rivularis (Unio) Rafinesque............- 
822 | Roanokensis (Margarita) Lea..........-. 
698 | Roanokensis (Margaron) Lea............ 
686 | Roanokensis northamptonenesis (Unio) 
699 IDG eran aainrc HHAEsR Sra aeTat ana eSdaT 
850 | Roanokensis (Unio) Lea-....-.:..--...... 
850 | Rochebruneana (Moncetia) Bourguignat 
912 | Rochebrunei (Spatha) Jousseaume....... 


Rochechouarti (Quadrula) Heude .....-- 
Rochechouarti (Unio) Heude .........-.. 
Roissyi (Margaritana) Westerlund ...._.. 
Roissya) (Unio) eMichaudee-eees-ee sees 
Rolleit(Unio skobelte eee aes 
Rosaceus (Unio) Conrad ................. 
Rosaceus (Unio) De Kay .-..-............- 
RosanorhamphviSkessseee sees eeee er eres 
Rosea (Anodon) Heude.................- 
Rossmissleriana (Anodonta) Dupuy ..... 
Rostelll many (Unio) Weal eases ee eee eee ee 
Rostreeformis (Unio) Lea................- 
Rostralis (Unio) von Martens .........--. 
Rostrata (Anodonta) Held ............... 
Rostrata (Anodonta) Rossmiissler........ 
Rostrata (Grandieria) Bourguignat -..... 
Rostrata (Iridina) Rang.........--....-.. 
Rostrata (Mutela) Rang.........-..--.-.. 


| Rostrata (Mutelina) Bourguignat........ 


Rostrata (Spatha) von Martens ...-...... 
Rostrata (Unio) Lamarck............--..- 
Rostrata (Unio) Valenciennes. ..-......-. 
Rostratus (Anodon) Sowerby .........-.. 
Rostriformis (Margaron) Lea........-...- 
Rostriformis(Umio)Leareeeeeee eee eceeee 
Rostrum (Margaron) Lea ................ 
Rostrum’ (Umio) ueataeste ees eee eeeeeee 
Roswellensis (Margaron) Lea............ 
Roswellensis (Unio) Lea ................- 
Rothi (Unio) Bourguignat .......-......- 
Rotulata (Obovaria) B. H. Wright.......- 
Rotulatus (Unio) B. H. Wright........... 
Rotunda (Margaron) Lea ....-....--.--.. 
Rotunda (Mya) Wood .............----... 
RowundaniapAcacsi zeae eee Ce eeeee re reeee 
Rotundaria Rafinesque..........-..------ 
Rotundata (Anodonta) Trask ...........- 
Rotundata (Glebula) Lamarck..........- 
Rotundata (Grandidieria) Bourguignat - 
Rotundata (Ihringella) Mousson........- 
Rotundata (Spatha) yon Martens .......-. 
Rotundata (Unio) Lamarck .......-.-.-..- 
Rotundata (Unio) Manduyt.........-..-- 
Rotundatus (Anodon) Swainson ........- 
Rotundatus (Margarita) Lea ............- 
Rotundatus (Margaron) Lea ........-...-- 
Rotundatus (Plagiodon) Mousson...-...- 
Rotundatus (Unio) Lamarck............. 
Rotundus (Anodon) Spix .............-.- 
Rotundus (Diplodon) Wagner......----...- 
Rotundus (Glabaris) Spix............---- 
Rotundus (Margaron) Lea ........--....- 
Rotundus (Unio) Wagner .......-.----..- 


| Rousii (Unio) Dupuy...........-...---..- 


800 


639 
624 
737 
736 
829 
627 
627 
829 
905 
905 
905 
905 
682 


723 


601 


698 


918 


INDEX. 
: Page. 
Rovirosai (Lampsilis) Pilsbry --.-..--.-.- 568 | Rugosissima (Hyria) Sowerby .-.-.---.--- 
Rovirosai (Unio) Pilsbry......---.------- 568 | Rugososuleata (Quadrula) Lea.....-..-..- 
Rowellii (Margaron) Lea_......---...-..- 594 | Rugososulcatus (Margaron) Lea ...---.--- 
Rowellii (Nephronaias) Lea......-..----- 594, | Rugososuleatus (Unio) Lea ...--...-.---- 
Rowellii (Unio) bea______.-.--.22.----..- 594 | Rugosum (Lasmigona) Rafinesque....-.. 
Rubella (Anodon) Heude.........------- 639 | Rugosum (Triplodon) Spix .....-........ 
Rubella (Pleurobema) Conrad .....--.---- 757,758 | Rugosus (Anodon) Swainson.......-.---- 
Rubellinus (Margaron) Lea.--..-.-------- 590 | Rugosus (Unio) Chenu...-..........-.--- 
Moe liliinnss (Wmio) ben =ss2ses= = 52 esse 590 | Rugosus (Unio) Hanley and Theobald... 
Rubellus (Margarita) Lea..........------ TS |) IROKSO SUIS (Wabi) TOQUE - se S66neescoesseds 
Rubellus (Margaron) Lea ...........--.-- 758 | Rugulosa (Mya) Wood .-..-..-..-----..--- 
Rubellus’ (Unio) Conrad. .-...--..-.---.-- 757 | Rugulosus (Nephronaias) Charpentier... 
Rubens (Anodonta) Lamarck....-..-..-- 895,896 | Rugulosus (Unio) Charpentier ........... 
Rubens cailliaudi (Spatha) von Martens. . $96 | Rumphianus (Margaron) Lea.........--- 
Riibens)(Inidina) Ranges 222 222-25. 896 | Rumphianus (Quadrula) Lea ........---- 
Ripe nsi (blatiris)) ears 2222s ose sees 896 | Rumphianus (Unio) Lea.......-..---.--- 
‘Rubens (Spatha) Lamarck ...........-..- 895,896 | Rustica (Nodularia) Lea......-...-.-.--- 
Ri bensh (Wioio)) Menke\s2eee ness eee ae 691,789 | Rusticus (Margaron) Lea .........-..--.- 
IR aere ((Wpabto)) CloraweNel oo coscasencuaseaces 790m | PRUStIGUSh (Unto) please eeecee sae 
Rubicunda (Anodonta) Lea...-.....-.--- 918 | Rusticus (Unio) Sowerby ..-.-..-..--.--- 
Rubicunda (Margarcn) Lea......-...---- 918 | Rutersvillensis (Margaron) Lea .......-- 
Rubicundus (Glabaris) Lea .......-...--- 918 | Rutersvillensis (Unio) Lea.........-..-.- 
Rubida (Quadrula) Lea ..............--.- 787 | Rutilans (Margaron) Lea ..............-. 
Rubidus (Margaron) Lea.....-.......--.- Tis. || leqbhalenosy (Diu) Ie) S465-ascasceccosanocs 
TEU opel pis) (OioNO)), ILER Sosangccoadssacecnas Ziad |) SEXGCRUAES (Wat) IQR Were Sosa cokseseosseess 
Rubiginosa (Quadrula) Lea .....-...-..-. 5HIOW7/86 | sacculus! (Unio) PREeMes asses ee eee = 
Rubiginosus (Margarita) Lea ........---- 786 | Sacellus (Nodularia) Drouet and Chaper. 
Rubiginosus (Margaron) Lea.....-.-..-- ES 786 | Sacellus (Unio) Drouet and Chaper ...-.-. 
Rubiginosus (Unio) Lea-.........-.------- 786) \esageril (Unio); Conradeessereess eee 
Rubra (Amblema) Rafinesque ........--- 744 | Sagittaria (Nodularia) Lea...........--..-. 8 
sRudis| (Unio) Conrad. .--.-----.22--...--- 748,758 | Sagittarius (Margaron) Lea.........-.--- 
IROVObIS) ((Ohatt®)) LEAN soon nasoncodsspocoosas 875 | Sagittarius (Unio) Lea.-..........--.--..-- 
Rudus (Diplodon) Lea ......-..-..-.---.- 875 | Sagittiformis (Margaron) Lea..........-- 
Rudus (Margaron) Lea....-......-...--.- 875 | Sagittiformis (Unio) Lea .............-..- 
Rudus (Unio) Conrad .......----.-------- 758 | Sagrinatus (Unio) Sowerby -...-.-..----- 
IRWGWS (CAMIO) 1EAsoascccosacadosossacmese 875 | Saladoensis (Lampsilis) Lea ....__-_.--.- 
Ruellani (Parreysia) Bourguignat......-. 846 | Saladoensis (Margaron) Lea ........-...-- 
Ruellani (Unio) Bourguignat ..........-. 846 | Saladoensis (Unio) Lea ...........--.-.-- 
Rufescens (Cuneopsis) Heude...-....---- 805 | Salebrosus (Margaron) Lea........--.---- 
Rufescens (Unio) Heude ..-.......---.--- 805 | Salebrosus (Unio) Lea............-------- 
Rufofuscus (Diplodon) Lea...........-..-- 880 | Salmonea (Anodonta) Clessin.......--..-- 
Rufofuscus (Margaron) Lea......-..----- 722,880 | Salmonia (Anodonta) Lea..........-...-- 
Rufotuscus) (Unio) Wweas- 22225252522 5.-5.- 880 | Salmonia (Margarita) Lea............--.- 
Rufus! (Margaron))) Lea 222-2 52-- ssc sea. 704 | Salmonia (Margaron) Lea....-.......-.-- 
IRE) (Wim) IUGR) Sas acodassadooqosoueecas 704 | Salweniana (Anodon) Gould..........-.- : 
Rufusewlus! (Wmio)sbeass4- 4244 -ee esos 722 | Salweniana (Margaron) Lea........-.-..- 
Rugata (Solenaia) Heude................ 657 | Salwenianus (Pseudodon) Gould..-...-.-.-. 
Rugatus (Mycetopus) Heude-............-. 657 | Salwenianus (Unio) Sowerby.....-.---.-- 
Rugatus) (Blatinis) Wears. 5. sessacscnee 657 | Sampsonii (Truncilla) Lea.....-.....-.-- 
Rugatus (Unio) Hutton ......----........ 889 | Sampsonii (Unio) Lea............-...---. 
Rugatus (Unio) Menke..........-.....-.- 697 | Sandri (Unio) Rossmassler ........------- 
Rusifer) (Umio) Kuster sass ss.s22 eee 821 | Santeensis (Unio) Lea.............-..---- 
Rugifera (Anodonta) Dunker............ 648,902 | Sapotalensis (Margaron) Lea............- 
IRAN, Shhooy aon soo scecueueassaacdcucass 670 | Sapotalensis (Nephronaias) Lea.......--. 
Rugosa (Alasmodonta) Barnes........-.- 664,665 | Sapotalensis (Unio) Lea....-.......------ 
Rugosa (Baphia) H.end A. Adams....... 665 | Satillaensis (Margaron) Lea.......-- ates 
Rugosa (Complanaria) Stimpson......... 665 Sail avensis) (Umi) plbeaeeeeessrer setae. 
Rugosa (Hyria) Deshayes ....--.-....-.-- 869 | Satur (Margaron) Lea............-..----. 
Rugosa (Margarita) Lea.........-.------5 GG), | Senate (Gian) IWC a Seooeaseonsesacosueas 
Rugosa (Margaritana) Calkins........-.. 665 | Sauleyi (Leguminaia) Bourguignat...... 
Rugosa (Margaronj Lea.......-.......-.- 665 | Sauleyi (Margaron) Lea.............-.--- 
IRUTOSEY (CUAYEN IDEN <4 Sooo ecangdseccoouss 665 | Sauleyi (Microcondylea) Clessin......-..- 
Rugosa (Mya) Gmelin.................... 844 | Sauleyi (Pseudodon) Conrad...........-- 
Rugosa (Parreysia) Gmelin .............- 844 | Sauleyi (Unio) Bourguignat...........-.. 
Rugosa (Unio) Hanley :.--..:-.-2-2.2222- 665 | Savannahensis (Margaron) Lea ...-...--- 
Rug osay (Unio) sPometeecaesaeeeaeseee eee 678 | Savannahensis (Unio) Lea...............- 


1036 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Savoyensis (Unio) Petel................- 843 | Securis (Margarita) Lea................-- 604 
Saxeus (Margaron) Lea .......------.---- 547 | Securis (Margaron) Lea..........-....... 604 
Saxeus (Unio) Conrad. -2-----52---2-+---- 047 |) Securis| (Plagiola) Weas--- ~~. 2.2... o- 2. 603 
Sayanus (Unio) Conrad ...........--.-.-- 78), Gok | Se@wureis) (Wiel) IUC8, sscecocceacscasecsesecs 603 
Seyvt (WW pawlo)) WWeivsl scocscaosonocosaccsesoone 739,741 | Sedakowi (Anodonta) Siecmaschko.....- 648 
Sealdiana (Anodonta) Dupuy ...------.-- 624 | Semialatus (Physunio) Deshayes and 
Scalenaria (Rafinesque) -.......-..--..--- 519 SHS aeaee eoseeeaeecd Hoop atabbondodd 831 
‘Sceailenius (Umilo)iSayeeeseee eects see 752 | Semialatus (Unio) Deshayes and Jullien. 831 
Scamnatus (Margaron) Lea .....---.----- 595 | Semidecorata (Nodularia) L. Morlet ..... 819 
Scamnatus (Nephronaias) Morelet ...---- 595 | Semidecoratus (Unio) L. Morlet........-. 819 
Scamnatus (Unio) Morelet ......-....-.-- 595 | Semigranosus (Margaron) Lea.........-. 702 
Seaphydium (Anodon) Heude ...-.--..--- 639. | Semigranosus (Unio) Lea....-......-...-. 571 
Scheefferiana (Strophitus) Conrad.....-... 617 | Semigranosus (Unio) Reeve...........--- 702 
Schlaflii (Anodonta) Mousson.......----- 648 | Semigranosus (Unio) yon dem Busch .... 701,702 
Schlegeli (Barbala). Petel..........-...-- 531 | Semiplicatus (Unio) Kuster.............. 590 
Schlegeli (Hyriopsis) yon Martens ...---. 581 | Semiquadrata (Unio) Sowerby........... 831 
Schlegeli (Unio) von Martens...-.-.-.-.- 581 | Semirugatus (Unio) Chenu....-.......-.- 842 
Scheefferianus (Anodon) Sowerby...----- 617 | Semirugatus (Unio) Lamarck............ 693 
Schombergiana (Castalia) Sowerby -...--- 864 | Semisulcata (Iheringella) H. Adams..... 913 
Schomburgianus (Anodon) Sowerby...-.. 920 | Semisulcata (Monocondylea) H. Adams. 913 
Schomburgianus (Glabaris) Sowerby..... 920 | Semmelinki (Unio) von Martens......... 834 
Schomburgianus (Ptychorhynechus) Sempervivens (Anodonta) Deshayes..... 588 
Ee Wale maaan atl ravens Seay serene une 851 | Senegalensis (Anodonta) Lea .......-.... 900 
Schombergianus (Tetraplodon) Sowerby. 864, | Senegalensis (Margaron) Lea .....-...... 900 
Schomburgianus (Unio) Heude........-.. 851 | Senegalensis (Spatha) Petel ..........-.. 900 
Schomburgki (Anodonta) von Martens -- 588 | Senegalica (Mutelina) Jousseaume...-... 900 
Schomburgki (Pilsbryoconeha) yon Mar- Sennaariensis (Unio) Kuster...........-- 821 
GETING A ee ee a bie ae pane eee 588 | Sennariensis (Unio) von Martens .......- 813 
Schooleraftensis (Margarita) Lea ......-. 780 | Serpentina (Anodonta) Clessin .....-.--- 917 
Schoolcraftensis (Margaron) Lea--:...-.. 780 | Serradelli (Dalliella) Drouet............- 83h 
Schooleraftensis (Unio) Lea...-..-..-.... 780 | Serradelli (Unio) Drouet..-:.-..-2.------ 834 
Schooleraftii (Margaron) Lea..........-. 780 | Servainiana (Grandidieria) Bourguignat. 828 
Sehooleraftii (Unio) B. H. Wright -....... 780 | Sheefferiana (Anodonta) Lea......-...--- 617 
Schrencki (Unio) Westerlund............ 808 | Sheefferiana (Margaron) Lea..........-.- 617 
Schréteriana (Anodonta) Lea............ 931 | Shafferiana (Anodonta) B.H. Wright .... 617 
Schréteriana (Margaritana) Peetel ....... 931 | Shanghaiensis (Unio) Lea......-...-...-. 808 
Schroteriana (Margaron) Lea ............ 931 | Shefferiana (Anodonta) Clessin.......-.. 617 
Schréterianus (Glabaris) Lea .........-.. 931 | Shepardianus (Margarita) Lea......--.-- 737 
Schweinfurthi (Unio) yon Martens .-...-- 862 | Shepardianus (Margaron) Lea ....-.....-. 737 
Schwerzenbachi (Unio) Bourguignat .... 694 | Shepardianus (Unio) Lea ...-....-...---- VEYA 
Scitulus (Margaron) Lea.........-...-..- 554 | Sheppardianus (Unio) Peetel............. 737 
Scitwilusi (Umi o) eases ease eee 5o4 | Shistodesma Simpson .....-....-- 506, 514, 503, 804 
Scobina (Nodularia) Hanley .-........-.- 816 | Showalterii (Anodonta) Lea .....-.....-.- 617 
Scobinas; (Unio) Melanie yae aspen 816 | Showalterii (Margaron) Lea ........-...- 617, 757 
Secobinata (Nodularia) Lea.............-. 815 | Showalterii (Pleurobema) Lea ..-......-.- 756, 757 
Scobinatus (Margaron) Lea --....-.-...-- S15) 1) Showalterii (Unio) weass ses eeasee eee eee 757 
Scobinatus (Unio) lea >..-.-..:......-... 815 | Shurtleffiana (Nodularia) Lea...-......-- 813 
periptan(Quadnula)waeudes 24s. s24 ee. 802 | Shurtleffianus (Margaron) Lea........-... 818 
Seripto-polystictus (Unio) Heude...-..-.. 799 | Shurtleffianus (Unio) dea --.-..--2..--.2% 813 
Seripto-polystrictus (Unio) Peetel -....... 799 | Shuttleworthii (Diplodon) Lea.........-- 893 
Scriptum (Alasmodon) Rafinesque.....-. 672 | Shuttleworthii (Margaron) Lea ......-..: 893 
Secriptus (Anodon) Sowerby...----.-.---- 924 | Shuttleworthii (Unio) Kuster ............ 891 
SCLUp CUS) (Wm) ECU eC ese as eee 802 | Shuttleworthii (Unio) Lea ..-.........-.. 893 
Seutum (Lamellidens) Sowerby....--.--- 857 | Siamensis (Margaron) Lea.....22.222.5-5 859 
Scutum (Unio) Sowerby..-.....-.-------- SEE || Siepoaerarns) (\Ohowi@)) IKEB) 4 oscckcoossaocsdco= 859 
Sculptilis (Alasmodonta) Say ..--....---- 667 | Siamensis (Unio) Morelet -......-...--.-- 819 
Sculptilis (Strophitus) Stimpson ........- 667 | Sicula (Potamida) Swainson.....-.....--- 683, 68 
Sculptus.(Unio) Deshayes....-........--- 808 | Siculus (Unio) Hanley ..2-..-..2..2-22--- 683 
Scutulatus (Lampsilis) Morelet .......-.- 576. |. Siculus' (Unio) Sowerby 222-222-3252 -s2- 686 
Scutulatus (Unio) Morelet ........-.-..-- 576 | Sikkimensis (Margaron) Lea.........--.. 845 
Scyphius; (Unio) pkeusterns eee e encase 76! | Sikkimensis (Parreysia) Lea...........-.- 845 
Sebastanee (Unio) von Ihering .........-. 894 | Sikkimensis (Unio) Lea......-..........- 845 
Secundus (Pseudodon) Heude .......-.-- 8h, Siliqua (Anodonta) Kuster....-.......-.- 588 
Secundus (Unio) Petel...-..2..2.2.5-.--- 84) | Siliquoidea (Lampsilis) Stimpson ........ 5384 
Securiformis (Anodon) Heude..-.-.....--. 638 | Siliquoidea (Mya) Eaton...........-..... 534 
Securiformis (Unio) Conrad......-....--- 781 | Siliquoides (Unio) Kuster...........--..- : 534 


INDEX. 1037 
Page. Page. 
Siliquoideus (Unio) Barnes .....-...---.-- 534 | Soleniformis (Anodonta) d’Orbigny..._-. 930 
Siliquosa (Mycetopoda) Spix.........-.-- 93, | Soleniformis (Glabaris) @’Orbigny ....... 930: 
Siliquosus (AmoGlon)) Siak< Ssoosseussacenc 934 | Soleniformis (Margarita) Lea............ 930 
Siliquosus (Mycetopus) d’Orbigny.....--- 934 | Soleniformis (Margaritana) Peetel........ 679 
Silquosus)(Plaitiris); Weare s+) 2682 eee 934 | Soleniformis (Margaron) Lea.........-.-. 930, 935 
Siliquosus yar. b. pygmeum (Anodon) Soleniformis (Mutela) Bourguignat ..._.. 903 
IS DU Na enn eee Govier uore, aia 934 | Soleniformis (Mycetopoda) d’Orbigny -.. 935 
Simplex (Margarom) Lea.-.-...-....--..- 614 | Soleniformis (Mycetopus) Fischer........ 656 
Siranjoloxe (Wi) WS -b esaosedcoessssaq500 614 | Soleniformis (Mycetopus) Reeve......... 935. 
Similaris (Quadrula) Simpson ..........-. 799 | Soleniformis (Platiris) Lea........-...... 935 
Similis (Margaron) Lea ...........-.--.-- 716 | Soleniformis (Solenaia) Benson.........- 656 
Similis (Mycetopus) Heude ...........--- 657 | Soleniformis (Spatha) Hanley and Theo- 
Similis (Unio) Lea......-- Sodas Gea BRS RBBA 716 allie ee Sees see ees crane eae 6A6- 
Simonis (Unio) Tristram ...........------ 693 | Soleniformis (Unio) Lea....-.......... ee 679: 
Simplicidus (Anodon) Sowerby .-...-.----- 625 | Solida (Anodonta) Kuster...........-.--. 917 
Simpsoni (Mutela) Amcey ....-.-....-..-- 904. | Solida (Iridina) Kuster.................-. 896. 
Simpsoni (Unio) B. H. Wright..........-- AES Solider @Viy.sca) aturtoniesenes sees eae aee 685. 
Simpsoniana (Anodonta) Lea ........---. 647 | Solida (Quadrula) Lea ............... 757, 765, 789 
Simpsoniana (Margaron) Lea .....-.----- 647 | Solidula (Anodonta) Deville and Hupe .. 928. 
Simpsonianus (Glabaris) Pilsbry -.....--- 925 | Solidula (Margaron) Lea......-..--.....- 928. 
Simpularis (Parreysia) Heude..........-- 845 | Solidulus (Diplodon) Philippi-........... 88t 
Simpularis (Unio) Heude ...........-.-.. 845 | Solidulus (Unio) Philippi................ 881 
Simulans (Pleurobema) Lea........-.---- 760 | Solidus (Margarita) Lea.................. 789 
Sioa DUN) (Wrawko)) ILCEW Ase sosascdsenssaoseas 760 | Solidus (Margaron) ea .................- 789: 
Simus (Mampsilis) Lea ..-..2-.-:..222.2-- HAD. || SOM (Wha) WO -asaneonodocbandaacosaca 789 
Simus (Margarita) Lea:...-......1.---.-- 556 | Solisiana (Unio) @’Orbigny............... 887 
Simus (Margaron) Lea ..................- 556 | Solisianus (Diplodon) d’Orbigny .......-. 887 
SiS (WAG), WE caoassoscesosssadssenads 556 | Somboriensis (Harmandia) Rochebrune ~ 827 
Sinensis squammosus (Unio) Heude ...-. 850 | Somersi (Anodonta) Call.............-.-- 648. 
Singleyanus (Lampsilis) Marsh ........-. 663 | Sondermannii (Anodonta) Kuster ....... 625 
Singleyanus (Unio) Marsh .......-.-.-.-- 563 | Sordida (Zaira) Rochebrune -........-... 862 
Singularis (Grandidieria) Bourguignat .. 829 | Sordidus (Margaron) Lea ................ 732 
Sintoxia (Obliquaria) Rafinesque .....-.- (449 sSordiduss (WUmio) plea eeree esas eee cre ere 732 
Sinuata (Obliquaria) Rafinesque-........- 744 | Sorini (Anodon) Heude .....--...-....-.. 639 
Sinuata (Spatha) von Martens .........-- 899 | Sowcrbyanus (Margarita) Lea ........-.- 521. 
Simwatay (Unio) iC yPreitier sss 5-2 esse s- =. 676 | Sowerbyanus (Margaron) Lea ........... 521 
Sinuata (Unio) Lamarck .....-.......-..- 678 | Sowerbyanus (Unio) Lea .-.-...--.......- 520 
Sinuosa (Anodonta) Clessin....-........- 917 | Spadiceus (Margaron) Lea -..........-.-: 732 
Sinuosa (Anodonta) Lamarck......-..-.- OD) | SHOANGSUG) (Wiawko)) IES, osscccacsscanscsdace 732 
Sinuosa (Margarita) Lea ..........--.---- O25 |Oparsa (Quadrulla) hearse seceeneeeeee V75 
Sinuosa (Margaron) Lea.......--...-....- 925) |/eSparsus) (Margarom) Weamsseseseses see ee 775 
Sinuosus (Glabaris) Lamarck ........---- Ops |: Shops (Upon) Mauser cesseseososacesocso 784 
Sirionis (Anodonta) d’Orbigny........-.-. OMG ||: ShoMeses (AOiauo)) ICR se bsccdansoosccsoocesoc 775 
Sirionis (Glabaris) d’Orbigny.-........---. Gisniwsparus) (Margarom) ieaeesseeees ees eee 555 
Sirionis (Margarita) Lea............--..-- Onis} ||, Spoewebis (Vial) JUS ec cdccdeseaceosusseuce 5DD 
Sirionis (Margaron) Lea....-......-....-- HS || Soa UE Coke keycacescsououes 506, 515, 895, 901 
Sitifensis (Unio) Morelet ..............--- 694862 |b Spavhopsisisim PSOne eer errata eeeei ase S57 
Sloatianus (Margaron) Lea.....-.......-. 706 | Spathuliformis (Spatheila) Bourguignat. 898 
Sloatianus (Plectomerus) Conrad ........ 706 | Spatiosa (Anodonta) Cicssin ...........- 584. 
Sloatianus (Umno) sels eae yeh pee meats 705,706 | Spatiosa (Barbala) Peetel..............--- 585 
Smaragdina (Craspedodonta) Anton -.... 584 |) Spatiosa (Cristaria)) @lessin-------.--22 22+ 554, 585 
Smaragdites (Unio) Benson .............- $43 | Spatulatus (Lampsilis) Baker ..........-.- 557 
Smithi (Grandidieria) Bourguignat..-...- 829 | Spatulatus (Margaron) Lea -...-...-.-... 557 
Shoasi(Vavbt (MienEe wel) ILCkl As Soscoossoancces 8801 eSpatulatus (Umio) lucas. seeenas soe 557 
Smithii:(Margaron) Lea..--.......-...-:- 880 | Spatulatus (Unio) Sowerby-..-.-.....-.- Af 596 
Smithii (Unio) Gray and Pidgeon........ 880 | Speciosa (Quadrula) Lea ..........-..--.- 778 
Sobolus (Nodularia) Fischer...........--. 819 | Speciosus (Margaron) Lea.......---..---- 778 
Sobolus (Unio) Fischer.......-..:.-----.- 819 | Speciosus (Unio) Lea-.--.....-...---.---- 778 
Soleilleti (Unio) Bourguignat............ 862 | Spekii (Cameronia) Bourguignat.......-- 909 
SolenaiaiConradizessss-4- 22-24 ee= 506, 514, 655,933 | Spekii (Iridina) Woodward...........-..-- 909 
Solenidea (Anodon) Sowerby .....-...--- 930 | Spekii (Mutela) von Martens...........-- 909 
Solenidea (@Miargaron)uCare seas: eee sence 930m eSpekain@blatinis) lease sne nes see ase 909 
Solenoides cylindrica (Unio) Rafinesque. 773 | Spekii (Pleiodon) Woodward .-......-..--- 909 
Solenoides (Loncosilla) Rafinesque ...... 862° | Spheerica (Quadrula) Lea ..--..-.---22..- 781 
Solenoides (Mycetopus) Sowerby-..-....... 935 | Spheericus (Margaron) Lea...-......----. 781 
Soleniformis (Anodonta) Benson......-.. 656 | Spheericus (Unio) Mea: 22... .2-22 21-222 781 


1038 


Spheniopsis (Quadrula) Morelet.......... 
Spheniopsis (Unio) Morelet ...........--- 


Sphenorhynehus (Unio) Fischer and 


GHOSE ecg dooananssundesodosouAeaeegpocce 
Spillmanii (Margaritana) Lea............ 
Spillmanii (Margaron) Lea ............-- 
Spillmanii (Strophitus) Lea ............-. 
Spillmanii (Unio) Lea. -.-..-..-..-..-.--- 
Spillmanii (Unio) Sowerby..........----- 
Spinellin@Unio) MVAllae == esse eee eee eee 
Spinosa (Canthyria) Swainson .......-... 
Spinosus (Margarita) Lea ..............-- 
Spinosus (Margaron) Lea .........--.---- 
Spinosus (Shistodesmus) Simpson.......- 
Spinosusi(Un10) tease aascre ere eeeaeee 
Spissus (Margaron) Lea .............-.--- 
Songs ws ((UiawlO)) IES sesccascaosocasedcocace 
Spixii (Columba) von Ihering ......-..-- 
Spixii (Leila) von Ihering .............-- 
Spixila (Unio) Ka4Onbigniye esse sae 
Spixoconchayeilsbryy 22 secs acess see 
Splendens (Anodonta) de Cristofori....-. 
Splendens (Pleiodon) Conrad............ 
Splendida (Iridina) Chenu............... 
Splendidus (Lampsilis) Lea.....-......-.. 
Splendidus (Margarita) Lea............-. 


Splendidus (Margaron) Lea.............-. 


Splendidus (Unio) Lea.............-2-.--- 
Kombat, (Gey) Crmebin oe sedcoscucoseaoce 
Shouse ((Mive))) N@wal goessocescaucocsscdues 
Sjowbushvisy (WWpoukoy)) JE(SwWOOs -oaasdgecasasedosnss 
Squalidus (Margaron) Lea....-.-....--.- 
Squmalidusl (Unio) ease tees eee 
Squameus (Margaron) Lea..........-.-.- 
Squameus (Unio) Lea...........--.--..-. 
Squammosus levis (Unio) Heude........ 
Stabilis (Margaron) Lea...............--- 
Stabilis (Pleurobema) Lea.........---.-.. 
Stalbiligs (Wim) Ue es eee eee 
Stagnalis (Anodonta) Bose..........-..-. 
Stagnalis (Margaron) Lea.........-...... 
Stagnalis (Mytilus) Turton.........2..... 
Stagnalis (Unio) Conrad ............----- 
Stagnorum (Diplodon) Dautzenberg..... 
Stagnorum (Unio) Dautzenberg.......... 
Stapes (Margarita) Lea........-.......... 
Stapes (Margaron) Lea....-....-.-....-.. 
Stapes (Quadrula) Lea................... 
Stapes (Unto) Wea s sae saeeeeeeeeeeeee 
Staudingeri (Mycetopoda) von Ihering... 
Staudingeri (Mycetopus) von Ihering.... 
Stearnsii (Unio) B. H. Wright ....-....... 
Stegaria (Obovaria) Rafinesque.........- 
Stegarius irroratus (Unio) Peetel......... 
Stegarius (Unio) Kuster................-. 
Stegariusi(Umi0)Sayenece-seseeo scene eee 
Stevenianus (Unio) Drouet .............. 
Stevensil (Hyria) Wea... ...252225.22255.. 
ISLEVENSIig (UnLO) Lea a aaeeeie ree eciscne 
Stewardsoni (Margaron) Lea............. 
Stewardsoni (Truncilla) Lea............. 


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INDEX. 


< Page. 
Stolli (Unio) von Martens.............--. 771 
Stonensis (Margaron) Lea.....-.......-... 705 
Stomensish(Umio) Mbedseee ease eee ace 705 
Stramineus (Lampsilis) Conrad.......... 538 
Stramineus (Margarita) Lea ............. 5388 
Stramineus (Margaron) Lea.-..........-. 538 
Stramineus (Unio) Conrad.......-.--.--- 538 
Strebelii (Anodonta) Lea ............---- 920 
Strebelii (Glabaris) Lea ....-...-...-.---: 920 
Strebelii (Margaron) Lea ..........-..--. 592, 920 
Sore OOM (INO) WEP ococsaacoonseancccese 592 
Striata (Anodon) Heude....-.......-..--. 638 
Striata (Iridina) Oken .....-.--.-.:.....-- 903 
Striata (Obovaria) Rafinesque -........-- 603 
Striata (Pleurobema) Lea ......-......... 762 
Striatissimus (Unio) Anthony...-......-. 764 
Striatulus (Margaron) Lea............--- 719 
Striatulus) (Umio)) Wea 22222222 -s2- 2 sane 719 
Striatus (Margaron) Lea .............-..- 762 
Striatus! (Unio) beara seee ene ee eee 762 
Striatus) (Unio) PReeV.ersss-en ee eeeeee nee 781 
Striatus (Unio) Sowerby ....-........-... 548, 670 
Strigillatus cylindrica (Unio) B. H.Wright 773 
Strigosus (Margaron) Lea -....-.......-... 732 
SUREROSIS} (LONGO) ILCH socsoccososoudacsescs 732 
Strodeana (Pleurobema) B. H. Wright... 761 
Strodeanus (Unio) B. H. Wright........-. 761 
Strophitus Rafinesque......-..-..-506,514, 616 658 
Strumosus | (Unio) pleasseeeeeee ee eee eases 729 
Stuarti (Anodon) Sowerby ...-...-.--..-- 892 . 
Stuarti (Margaritana) Peetel..........--.- 892 
Stuarti (Unio) Sowerby ..-..----.-2-.-.-- 893 
Stuhlmanni (Parreysia) von Martens .... 846 
Stuhlmanni (Spatha) von Martens......-. 900 
Stuhlmanni (Unio) von Martens......... 846 
Styganodon von Martens........----..--- 929 
Suavidicus (Diplodon) Lea .............. 876 
Suavidicus (Margaron) Lea...--.-..--.-- 876 
Suavidicus (Unio) Lea.......-......2...- 876 
Subeequilatera (Spatha) von Martens.... 899 
Subamygdalinus (Unio) Drouet .......--- 862 
Subangulata (Anodon) Anthony.......-- 644 
Subangulatus (Lampsilis) Lea .........-. 556 
Subangulatus (Margaron) Lea .........-- 556 
Subangulatus (Unio) Lea........:....--- 556 
Subangulatus (Unio) Sowerby ....--.---- 560 
Subcarinata (Anodonta) Currier......... 633 
Subcircularis (Anodonta) Clessin........ 628 
Suberassa (Dalliella) Lea ..........-.-.-. 833 
Subcerassa (Margaron) Lea ...........-.-. 833 
Subcroceus (Unio) Conrad.............-. 740 
Subecylindracea (Anodon) Sowerby....-.. 633 660 
Subcylindracea (Anodonta) Lea.......-. 660 
Subcylindracea (Margarita) Lea.,....... 660 
Subcylindracea (Margaron) Lea......... 660 
Subcylindraceus (Anodontoides) Baker... 660 
Subcylindraceus (Unio) Lea ........-.--- 731 
Subdiaphana (Mutela) Bourguignat..... 906 
Subellipsis (Margaron) Lea...........--. 560 
Subellipsis (Unio) Lea -....-.-..--..-.--- 560 
Subflavus (Margaron) Lea-.............. 722 
Subflavus (Unio) Lea ..:-.-....-.....---- 722 
Subgibbosa (Anodon) Anthony ........--. 644 
Subgibbosus (Margaron) Lea.........-.-- 704 
Subgibbosus (Unio) Lea............------ 704, 707 
Subglobata (Pleurobema) Lea ..........- 751 


Subglobatus (Unio) Lea.......-.....--.-- 
Subglobosa (Margaron) Lea..........---- 
Subglobosus Unio) Lea.....--...--------- 
Subinflata (Anodonta) B. H. Wright 
Subinflatus (Margaron) Lea...........--- 
Subinflatus (Unio) Conrad 
Sublatus (Margaron) Lea 
SMO TS (Chad) IUCR So sosacacosassgusdcods 
Subluridus (Unio) Simpson 
Subluxata (Anodonta) Kuster...-...-..-- 
Subniger (Margaron) Lea.............-.- 
Subniger (Unio) Lea 
Subolivaceus (Unio) Lea...........------ 
Suborbiculata (Anodonta) Say-....------- 
_Suborbiculata (Margarita) Lea 
Suborbiculata (Margaron) Lea...------.- 
Suborbiculata (Unio) Lamarck 
Suborbiculus Simpson.........-.--.------ 
Suboyatus (Margarita) Lea 
Suboyatus (Margaron) Lea....-.......--- 
SUbOVatuUss(UN10) ease es sees see sae 
Subparallelus (Unio) Lea 
Subplanus (Margaron) Lea....-......-.... 
Subplanus (Unio) Conrad 
Subponderosa (Anodonta) Dupuy 
Subreniformis (Anodon) Sowerby.....--- 
Subreniformis (Spatha) Sowerby...------ 
Subreniformis (Unio) Bourguignat 
~ Subrostrata (Anodonta) Philippi.....-..-- 
Subrostratus (Lampsilis) Say.....-.-...-- 
Subrostratus (Unio) Kuster 
Subrostratus| (Unio) Saiy-------2---------- 
Subrotunda (Obliquaria) Rafinesque --.-. 
Subrotunda (Quadrula) Lea....-.......-- 
Subrotundus circulus (Unio) Petel 
Subrotundus (Margarita) Lea.....--..-.- 
Subrotundus (Margaron) Lea 
Subrotundus (Unio) Ferussac -......-.--- 
Subrotundus (Unio) Lea 
Subrotundus (Unio) Sowerby 
Subsinuata (Anodonta) Philippi 
Subsinuata (Mycetopoda) Sowerby 
Subsinuatus (Anodon) Sowerby....------ 
Subsinuatus (Mycetopus) Sowerby...---- 
Subsquamosus (Unio) Lea.....-.....-.---- 
Substriatus (Margaron) Lea..........---- 
Substriatus (Unio) Lea.............------ 
Subtentus (Margarita) Lea....--....-..-- 
Subtentus (Margaron) Lea......-...-.--- 
Subtentus (Medionidus) Say 
Subtentusi@(WUmio)) Say a-ses soe seen cee 
Subtetragona (Anodon) Heude 
Subtetragona (Unio) Michaud 
Subtigridis (Unio) Locard 
Subtrapezius (Unio) Hanley............-.- 
Subtriangularis (Burtonia) Bourguignat. 
Subtriangularis (Pseudospatha) Bourg- 


Subtrigonus (Margaron) Lea...........-. 
Subtrigonus (Unio) Sowerby 
Subyvexa (Anodonta) Conrad...........-- 
Subvexa (Lampsilis) Conrad 
Subvexa (Margarita) Lea...............-. 
Subvexa (Margaron) Lea...--..........-- 
Subviridis (Margaron) Lea.......-..-.-.. 


INDEX. 1039 
Page. Page. 
751 | Subviridis (Triquetra) Klein............- 870 
644 | Succinea (Anodon) Heude............... 638 
598 | Succineus (Mycetopus) Heude ..........- 656 
643 | Succissa (Quadrula) Lea................-- 785 
736 | Succissus (Margaron) Lea ............-.-- 785 
ZOOM SUCCISSUS: (Wim O) els eae ee eee apa ee 785 
(26m Suds" Wana psiliis) ease eee eens 561 
(26s sudusi@Marcarom)uea) se. sj.2o) eae 561 
ies |) Stoilbs (Wav) WEG. geosccuoulcaesee se ses 561 
625 | Sula (Unio) Theobald .................... 678 
73) | Sulcata (Anodonta) Kuster............... 642 
730 | Suleata (Anodonta) Lamarck ..........-. 622 
724 | Sulcata (Castalia) Krauss .../............ 867 
636 | Sulcata (Castaliella) Krauss...........-.. 867 
6364), Sulcata|(@runcillla) ean. 2 syns ee 520 
636 | Suleata var.delicata (Truncilla) Simpson. 520 
593 | Sulcataria Rafinesque -.....2.-..).-22.--- 673 
835 | Suleatum (Pseudodon) Rochebrune...... 840 
527 | Sulcatus (Margarita) Lea ................ 520 
Sr |) ISWUCE NOS (Win) IEA cso nsscosococadcsas 519, 520 
527 | Sulcidens (Unio) Lamarck ..............- 721 
724 | Sulcosa (Anodonta) H.and A. Adams.... 648 
720 | Sumatrensis (Unio) Lea.................- 818 
720 | Sumatrensis (Rectidens) Dunker......... 853 
624 | Sumatrensis (Unio) Dunker.............. 853 
900 | Sumatrensis (Unio) Sowerby ............- 859 
900 | Superbus (Margaron) Lea ..............-- 830 
692 | Superbus (Physunio) Lea.............---- 830 
648, 928 | Superbus (Unio) Sowerby ...........----- 830 
546 | Superiorensis (Lampsilis) Marsh ......... 535 
502 | Superiorensis (Unio) Marsh ..........-.-.. 530 
546 | Suppositus (Unio) von Ihering........... 877 
744 | Susanne (Anodon) Gray .............---- 924 
790,791 | Sutrangensis (Hyriopsis) Morelet........- 580 
600 | Sutrangensis (Unio) Morelet.............. 580 
792 | Swainsoni (Unio) Sowerby .........------ 667 
792 | Swainsoni (Margaron) Lea..............- 667 
600 | Swananoensis (Unio) Hanley ..........-- 671 
791 | Swinhoei (Anodonta) H.Adams ......... 586 
751 | Swinhoei (Cristaria) H. Adams........... 586 
648,919 | Swinhoei (Margaron) Lea...............- 586 
934. | Swinhoei (Unio) H. Adams..............- 586 
924, 925 | Swordiana (Pleurobema) §. H. Wright ... 750 
934 | Swordianus (Unio) S.H. Wright......._.. 790 
724 | Symmetricus (Margaron) Lea............ 740 
Sly | Syammietricus|(Umio) ease aee 5. sae 739, 740 
$11 | Symphynota Lea............. 506, 514, 583, 662, 663 
591 | Syriacus (Margaron) Lea_................ 695 
HOTA Syria cush (Umi O) Renee eee seeet ae 695 
591 | Syrmatophora (Hyria) Gronoyius........ 868 
589,591 | Syrmatophora (Hyria) Sowerby........-. 87 
638 | Syrmatophora (Mya) Meuschen.......... 870 
691 | Syrmatophora (Unio) Deshayes ........-- 870 
689 | Syrmatophorus (Margarita) Lea.......... 870 
919 | Syrmatophorus (Prisodon) Meuschen.... 870 
578 | Tabascoensis (Anodonta) Morelet.-....... 616 
| Tabascoensis (Margaron) Lea ..........-- 596 

578 | Tabascoensis (Nephronaias) Charpentier. 596 
798 | Tabascoensis (Unio) Charpentier ......-.- 596 
580 | Tabula (Anodon) Sowerby ........-.----- 898 
580 | Teeniatus (Lampsilis) Conrad ..........-. 541 
533 | Teeniatus (Margarita) Lea...............- 541 
533 | Teeniatus (Unio) Conrad ....-.........-.. 541 
534 | Tahetianus (Unio) Catlow and Reeye.... 744 
534 | Taitiana (Pleurobema) Lea .......-.--.-- 75h 
870 | Taitianus (Margarita) Lea............---- 754 


1040 INDEX. 

Page. Page. 
Taitianus (Margaron) Lea....------------ 754 | Teretiusculus (Unio) Jickeli.............. 826 
Taitianus: (Umio)) Weassnss 20s ses eee 744,754 | Teretiusculus (Unio) Philippi............ 812 
Taitianus (Unio) Sowerby.......--..----- 602 | Terminalis (Margaron) Lea............-. 689 
Tampecoensis (Lampsilis) Lea ....-.---.- 570 | Terminalis (Unio) Bourguignat........_. 689 
Tampecoensis (Margarita) Lea.....-..-.-.- 571 | Tesserule (Margaron) Lea............... 749 
Tampecoensis (Margaron) Lea......----- 571 | Tesserule (Pleurobema) Lea............. Th9 
Tampecoensis (Unio) Lea ........-------- 0/0) |Eubesseruleei (Unio) bene epee eee eee aeeenne 749. 
Tamsana (Monocondylea) Dunker ....-. 913 | Testa crassa (Mya) Schréter.............. 677 
Tanganikana (Grandidieria) Bourguignat 828 | Testudinarius (Unio) Spengler..........- 854 
Tanganyicensis (Burtonia) Petel ......-- 577 | Testudineus (Unio) Morelet.............. 702 
Tanganyicensis (Grandidieria) Smith.... 828 | Testudineus (Unio) Reeve................ 571 
Tanganyicensis (Pseudospatha) Smith-:. HY || WAGONS sopscondGobdn docsossascce 514, 658, 765 


Tanganyicensis (Spatha) Smith........-- 577, 578 


Tanganyicensis (Unio) Smith ......-..--- 828, 848 
Mamniacus)(Wmio)Peeteles sae ssaeee eee eee 541 
Tanousi (Anodonta) Bourguignat...-.--- 649 
Tanousi (Colletopterum) Bourguignat ... 649 
Tappanianus (Margarita) Lea......-.--.- 663 
Tappanianus (Margaron) Lea...:-.------ 663 
Tappanianus (Unio) Lea .........--.----- 663 
Tappianus (Unio) Catlow and Reeve .... 663 
Tavoyensis (Margaron) Lea......-..----- 843 


Tavoyensis (Parreysia) Gould........-..- 843 


Tavoyensis triembolus (Parreysia) Benson Shh 
Tavoyensis (Unio) Gould...........-..--- 843 
Tawi (Anodonta) Rang ...-----..-------- 902 
Tecomatensis (Lampsilis) Lea........----. ov1 
Tecomatensis (Margaron) Lea ........--- 571 
Tecomatensis (Unio) Lea .........-....-- 571 
Tehuantepecensis (Anodonta) Fischer 

ANAK Crosse ae has eee ene eee mee eee ene 933 
Tehuantepecensis (Nephronaias) Crosse 

andshischern ea. va skeee re hese aeeeeiee 59h 
Tehuantepecensis (Unio) Crosse and 

IBIiSCHeT Wet ee Ae eee en eee eer 594 
Tellicoensis (Unio) Lea ........-...-.---- 751 
Tenebricosa (Anodonta) Lea.....-..-.--- 929, 930 
Tenebricosa (Margarita) Lea ......-...-- 930 
Tenebricosa (Margaron) Lea..-..-....--- 930 


Tenebricosus (Glabaris) Lea ........-...- 930,932 
Tenebricus (Margaron) Lea.............- 
Menebricus (Unio) weal eeese seers eee 
Tenebrosus (Unio) Conrad.......--..-..-- 536 


Tenella (Anodonta) Kuster ..........-... 624 
Teneltus (Unio) Rafinesque...-........-. 744 
Tener (lam psillis)) Leases 2552522 222222. 555 
Mener(Margarom)) Weare =2- chess eeeci 555 
Meners(WUmio) Mucai aa eres eee eee 5a5 
Tenerus (Margarita) Lea...--....--...... 559 
Tenerus (Margaron))) Wea ee ss-scse ene. 559 
Tenerus' (Unio) Ravemele se eee 1 559 
Tenerus (Unio) Simpson ......-...-..---. 551 
Tennenti (Unio) Hanley and Theobald. . 842 
Tennesseensis (Margaron) Lea.......-.... 541 
Tennesseensis (Unio) Lea..............-- 541 
Tenuis (Anodonta) Lea.................- 833 
Tenuis (Dalliella) Lea..........-..-.--... 83. 


Tenuis (Margaron) Lea -.......-.--...2.. 833 
Menwiss (Unio) AGrayaeeseee eee eee ee ee 589 
Tenuissima (Symphynota) Lea.........-. 576 
Tenuissimus (Margarita) Lea ........-... 516 
Tenuissimus (Margaron) Lea .....-...-.- 516 
Tenuissimus (Unio) Lea........-.--.----- 576, 577 
Teres (Anodonta) Conrad...........----- 633 
Meresi (UNIO) ESAya ses asee eee ee eee 543 
Teretiuscula (Nodularia) Philippi --.--.- 812 


Tetragona (Anodonta) Lea............... 617 
Tetragona (Margaron) Lea....._......... 617 
Tetragona (Strophitus) Conrad........... 617 


Tetralasmus camptodon (Unio) Say...... 7h0 
Tetralasmus declivis (Unio) Say.......... 
Tetralasmus manubius (Unio) Gould..... 
Tetralasmus (Margarita) Lea ; 740 


Tetralasmus (Margaron) Lea ............- 740 
Tetralasmus sayi (Unio) Ward _........_. 741 
Tetralasmus (Unio) Say.........-........ 739 
Retraplodon\S pis sass ees 506, 515, 863, 869 
Tetricus (Margaron) Lea................. 718 
Metricusi(Umi0)) Weak sesso ee eee 718 
Texasensis (Anodonta) Lea .............. 645 
Texasensis compressus (Lampsilis) Simp- 
MOM Gocaoguooasb0cososuESoseéasesccesesos 564 
Texasensis (Lampsilis) Lea ......~...... 563, 564 ° 
Texasensis (Margaron) Lea .............. 563, 645 
Texasensis (Unio)/Tea -..--.-2.2--22..--2 563 
Theca (Trapezoideus) Benson............ 859 
Phecai(Unio)»Bensones =e seee =a eee 859 
ThehidermarySwailnsone sass es ee aanee 775 
Thomsoni (Grandidieria) Smith......._.. 829 
Thomsoni (Margaritana) Peetel ......._.. 838 
Thomsoni (Pseudodon) Morelet.......... 838 
Mhomsoniq(Umio) Smith ss-eee ees sere 29 
Thorntonii (Margaron) Lea..._.......... 750 


Mhoorntombiy (Unio) Pecaeeesa eee nae 750 


Thottoni (Mutelina) Rochebrune ........ 906 
Thwaitesii (Lamellidens) Lea............ 856 
Thwaitesii (Margaron) Lea..............-. 856 
Thwaitesit (Unio) Lea...-...225--2222 2. 856 
Tiberiadensis (Unio) Locard ............. 688 
Tientsinensis (Quadrula) Crosse and De- 

Wekh bb. gs ee eoehoopsdonedansaccoucancccos 798 
Tientsinensis (Unio) Crosse and Debeaux. 798 
Tientsinensis (Unio) Heude.......-...... 798 
Tigridis (Unio) Bourguignat -....-....... 688, 690 
Tigris (Margaron) Lea ...... Bee dc s - 688 
Tinius (Unio) Locard.............-.-.---- 693 
Tinkeri (Obovaria) B.H. Wright -........ 600 
Tinkeri (Unio) B. H.Wright.............. 600 
Tombigbeensis (Margaritana) Lea ..._... 619 
Tombigbeensis (Margaron) Lea .........-. 619 
Tombigbeensis (Strophitus) Lea ......... 619 
Topekaensis (Margaron) Lea......-...... 547 
Topekaensis (Unio) Lea-.........-..-.-.- 547 
Torrentis (Anodonta) Heude.......--.--- 640 


Torsa (Obovaria) Rafinesque............- 599, 603 


Torsus (Unio) Potiez and Michaud....... 599 
Tortilis (Anodonta) Lea.............-.--- 920 
Tortilis (Glabaris) Lea ...........-.-..--- 920 
Tortilis (Margaron) Lea....-....----::--. 920 
Tortivus (Margaron) Lea....--..---.--.-- 718 


“Nor B ALES) ((\OhaviO))) IDE oe ecsdassseassesosdas 
Tortuosa (Quadrula) Lea-....----.-.----- 
Tortuosus (Margaron) Lea. .......--.---- 
MOVEWOSUS) (WMO) MYC a eeer esos eels =r 
Tortuosus (Unio) Sowerby. ..-.-.---.---- 
Torulosa (Amblema) Rafinesque....-..-.- 
Torulosus (Unio) Conrad .....--.-.---.-- 
Torulosus (Unio) Ferussac .-..-.-------.- 
Torulosus (Unio) Short and Eaton ....--- 
Trabalis (Lampsilis) Conrad. ........--.- 
serail align (Wna1O) sComTad ee = as se <a sela1- 
Mracheeas (Um10)) KObelteessss-2 4-22 ses - 
Pragosus (Unio). Hanley...--..-.--.------ 
Mransversa (Hyria) Hupe--.:--..--.----- 
Trapesialis (Anodonta) Lamarck .....--- 
Trapesialis (Anodontites) Lamarck..-.-.. 
Trapesialis anserinus (Glabaris) Spix .... 
Trapesialis cygnaeformis (Glabaris) 

IBIS OY @ SoLk SH ece Cen ea ee eae ea ene aee ee 
Trapesialis exotica (Glabaris) Lamarck... 


Trapesialis (Glabaris) Lamarck -....-- 914, 923, 


Trapesialis (Iridina) d’Orbigny-.....-..--- 
Trapesialis moretonianus (Glabaris) Sow- 
CID Veer sees ete sis ociamisinie Sisieieis wieisteeere = 


CTO gn ei te cyatoyare es aller reisteteyevanicie weiss 
Trapesialis scriptus (Glabaris) Sowerby... 
Trapezea (Glabaris) von Ihering.......-. 
Rrapezeus (Anodon)) Spix...-.-2---2---.- 
Trapezia senilis (Spatha) yon Martens... 
Trapezia (Spatha) yon Martens....-..... 
Trapezialis (Anodonta) Blainyille ....._. 
Trapezialis (Columba) Petel.......-..... 
Trapezialis (Margarita) Lea.............. 
Trapezialis (Margaron) Lea.............. 
Trapezoides (Margarita) Lea....-........ 
Trapezoides (Margaron) Lea.....-....... 
Trapezoides (Quadrula) Lea.....-......-- 
Rrapezoidess(Umio) Meas -e.-2-e-5- se. 


Trapezoideus Simpson..............-- 506, 515, 


Trautwiniana (Anodonta) Lea......--..- 
Trautwiniana (Margaron) Lea........... 
Trautwinianus (Glabaris) Lea ........... 
Traversii (Nodularia) Pollonera ......... 
Traversii (Unio) Pollonera ..-............ 
Triangularis (Anodonta) Sowerby......-.- 
Triangularis (Anodonta) Trask .......... 
~ Triangularis (Margarita) Lea ............ 
Triangularis (Margaron) Lea............- 
Triangularis (Mya) Haton....--.-.--....- 
Triangularis (Mycetopus) Heude ....... -. 
Triangularis (Obliquaria) Rafinesque.... 
Triangularis (Solenaia) Heude..........- 
Triangularis (Unio) Barnes .............. 
Triangularis (Unio) Kuster.....-....-...-. 
irvaneularisy (Umi) Sayeecs--4-22--osseee 
Triangulata (Alasmidonta) Lea.......... 
Triangulata (Margaritana) Lea.......... 
Triangulata (Margaron) Lea............. 
Triangulata (Unio) Sowerby ..........--- 
Triclava (Quadrula) Heude.............. 
Mriclavus (Unio) -Heude@zs4.-2- 2-2 4se22- 
BricoOlor (UNIO) Keusterencase see ee eee 
Tricostatus (Anodon) Sowerby....-..--.. 
Triembolus (Unio) Benson.-...-.......-.- 
Dritidus)(Diplodom) hearse. -- =. --- 5-5. 


Proc. N. M. vol. xxii 


66 


INDEX. 1041 
i Page. 
718))\\ Lrifidus!((Margaron) Wleaes.-cs2ess-e ese. 884. 
(eels |) Mbieab ae hors (haw) 1bee Sooocosceooecossebcaae 884. 
798 | Triformis (Nodularia) Heude............ 807 
798))|) Driformis (Umio0)) Heude:.-222- 2222 --- 22. 807 
(24s) eiriconascAnodonta)Heldesee 2 5 s5ens- 648 
744 | Trigona (Margarita) Lea......-.......... 788, 928 
523u mere ona (Marsarom)wWea sess 452 e ee 928 
704 | Trigona (Quadrula) Lea ......... 510, 757, 787, 928 
Glee ric onodoniConna dhe seers eos eee ee 834, 835 
5585) brigonus:(Glabaris) spies 2-22-55. 927, 92. 
558 | Trigonus (Margaron) Lea ................ 788 
693 | Trigonus (Unio) Lea -...... --- 903, 504, 509, 784, 787 
778 | Trigonus (Unio) Sowerby ..-.......-..... 786 
869 | Trinacrus (Margaron) Lea ............... 614. 
923 | Trinacrus (Ptychobranchus) Lea......... 614 
G73} || WNahoevorwiss (Wms) IWS sce sodas oacasse socal 614 
92 Tripartitus (Margaron) Lea...-........-. 843 
AbatopneahaDs (Wick) Ie oA ee ee ee oa ake 843 
GAs || Miejoloclom Sores oosdusocossocnodchoussnce 868 
924, | Tripolitana (Leguminaia) Bourguignat .. 652 
924 | Tripolitanus (Margaritana) Clessin ..._-. 652 
923 | Tripolitanus (Pseudodon) Conrad........ 652 
Tripolitanus (Unio) Bourguignat ........ 652 
925 | Triqueter (Unio) Short and Eaton ....... 517 
AVao Wie ney Sno eoasssesncsodoeacosseee 869 
925 | Triquetra (Truncilla) Rafinesque -... 516,517,519 
92/-@ jeeriquetran a; SimpsOneee ees ser en eee ee 869 
917 | Trirostris (Unio) Musgrave............-.. 842 
917 | Lrirostris (Unio) Sowerby..-.--........... 812 
897 | Tristis (Spatha) Jousseaume ............. 897 
SO 7as eelrishis) (Unio) eMoreletosee masses eee eee eee 676 
OSM eUbristrama, (Unio) uocandesseaeeee ees cee 688 
923 | Trisuleata (Parreysia) Heude............ 845 
993 | Trisuleatus (Unio) Heude..-............. 802, 845 
923 | Tritogomia Agassiz............-.2- 506, 510, 514, 607 
772 | Triumphans (Quadrula) B.H. Wright.... 770 
772 | Triumphans (Unio) B.H. Wright ........ 770 
772, | Trompi (Nodularia) Drouet and Chaper.. 816 
772 | Trompi (Unio) Drouet and Chaper.....-. 816 
858 | Troostensis (Margarita) Lea ............. 558 
922 | Troostensis (Margaron) Lea.............. 558 
9225) Mroostensis: (Umi) Weare == --ee see ee 558 
922 | Troostensis (Unio) Sowerby.-..--.--.--.-. 531,558 
825 | Troostii (Margaron) Lea ......-.--....-.. 558 
825 | Troostii (Unio) B.H. Wright ............. 508 
648 | Troscheliana (Pleurobema) Lea ..... 754, 756, 797 
629 | Troschelianus (Margaron) Lea...-....... 756 
bila ebroschelianus!(Umio) suedsss— sees 2 eee 756 
517 | Trossulus (Lampsilis) Lea-....-.......... 562 
517 | Trossulus (Margaron) Lea..:-............ 562 
65a ebrossulus! (Umno) eae enarm seers eae 562 
744 | Troutwiniana (Anodonta) H. and A 
657 VAVENTINS Wine seis tes tate reliatee eloreiniei bio are serail stale 922 
517 | Troutwiniana (Margaron) Lea........... 922 
788 | Truncata (Alasmodonta) B. H. Wright... 671 
602 | Truncata (Alasmodonta) Conrad ........ 668 
672 | Truncata (Anodonta) Kuster ........-... 649 
672 | Truncatus elegans (Unio) Rafinesque.... 605 
672 | Truncatus (Margarita) Lea .-....-....... 688 
672 | Truncatus (Margaron) Lea..........--..- 688 
800 | Truneatus (Prisodon) Schumacher ...... 863, 868 
SOOM ie bruncatus (Unio) WSayesseeesseceeeaceeiciee 605 
855 | Truncatus (Unio) Spengler ............-. 855, 862 
638 | Truncatus (Unio) Swainson............-- 688 
844 | Truncilla Rafinesque..-.....- 506, 511, 514, 516, 517 
88 | Tryoni (Unio) B.H. Wright ...........-.. 714 


1042 INDEX. 
Page ’ Page. 
Tryonii (Anodonta) Lea ...........-...-. 632 | Undulata (Alasmodonta) Say............ 667 
Mryonil (Margarom) (eas este ee 632 | Undulata (Anodon) Gould.....-......... 617 
Tuberculata (Cristaria) Schumacher..... 584 | Undulata (Anodonta) Hildreth .......... 616 
Tuberculata (Mya): Eaton................ 608 | Undulata (Anodonta) Say.........-...--. 616, 618 
Tuberculata obesa (Tritogonia) Simpson - 609 | Undulata (Baphia) H.and A. Adams..... 667 
Tuberculata (Obliquaria) Rafinesque .... 794,795 | Undulata latecostata (Quadrula) Lea.... 769 
Tuberculata (Quadrula) Rafinesque -.... 794,795 | Undulata (Margarita) Lea.....-.........- 618, 667 
Tuberculata (Rotundaria) Agassiz.....-- 795 | Undulata (Margaritana) Kuster.....-..-. 667 
Tuberculata (Tritogonia) Barnes ..-...-- 608 | Undulata (Margaron) Lea...........--..-. 618, 667 
Tuberculatus (Margarita) Lea .......-.--- 608 | Undulata (Monodonta) Say .-........-.-- 666, 667 
Tuberculatus (Margaron) Lea........--.- 6038s | UmGhuilatax (iy) pe atone sess ee eee eee 769 
Tuberculatus (Unio) Barnes ..-..-....--- 509,608 | Undulata (Mya) Wood ................... 667 
Tuberculatus (Unio) Conrad ......-..--.- 795 | Undulata pilsbryi (Quadrula) Marsh....- 769 
Tuberculosa (Unio) Valenciennes ....--. 795 | Undulata (Quadrula) Barnes.-........... 768, 769 
Tuberosa (Quadrula) Lea ........-.--.--- 774 | Undulata (Unio) Deshayes..-............ 616 
Tuberosus (Margaron) Lea.......-.------ 774 | Undulata (Unio) Hanley..-...........-.. 667 
AROS ROIS) (WIGNO)) IUEE.c ccoacassnascancasaa 774 | Undulatus (Margarita) Lea ...........--. 769 
Tumescens (Margaron) Lea.....--.-.----- 750 | Undulatus (Margaron) Lea ............-- 769 
Tumescens (Pleurobema) Lea .......---- 750 | Undulatus (Strophitus) Say .............. 618 
Tumescens (Unio) Lea-..-..-..-....-.--: 750 | Undulatus (Strophitus) Stimpson ........ 667 
Tumida) (Anodon) Heude.. 22-22-52... -: 638 | Undulatus (Unio) Barnes ..............-- 769, 802 
Tumida (Anodonta) Kuster........------ CB) |) Whaichoilennbls (Wowk) SEVoSsosadasososccosoan 770 
Tumida (Monocondylea) Deshayes and Undulifera (Anodonta) Clessin .......... 641 
SMW em Sa AS eae ane ea eee aware 838 | Unicolor (Margaron) Lea -..............- 601 
Tumidula (Nodularia) Lea....-.-...----- éi, \ Unicolor (Obovaria) Lea. 2-. 22222222 22--- 601 
Tumidulus (Margaron) Lea.......-..-.-- S14 Unicolori@(Umio) euearees-seeeeee eee cere 601 
Punaidulus) (Umio) Mees sesee essa ee 814 | Unicostatus (Unio) B. H. Wright ......... 547 
Tumidus (Margaron) Lea .....-..-.--...- (lef) || Wrote) IRKSWATOIS Soe oe oe aoa coca asecouecaccoaac 501, 502, 
Tumidus (Monocondylus) Morelet.....-- 837 503, 506, 510, 513, 514, 518, 530, 539, 579, 593, 602, 
Tumidus (Pseudodon) Morelet......-.--- 837 674, 679, 703, 738, 740, 745, 760, 772, 791, 792, 798, 
Tumidus (Unio) Retzius -..-....-..-...-- 513, 799, 801, 804, 845, 851, 857, 867, 877, 880, 883, 892 


530, 679, 680, 684, 685, 698 
Tunizana (Anodonta) Morelet.........-- 649 
Tuomeyi (Margaronm)) Wea -.-2-5-----..-.- 
“Nbyoranenyal, ((UpoulO))) IUGR) so onecodseccosooaaaes 726 


TuUTCICUS (UNIO) MGUSLCLA ase eseiiie see 700 
Turcicus (Unio) Parreyss ........-....-.- 694 
Turgida (Castalia) Mupe-.2222 222-2222. 863 


Turgidulus (Margaron) Lea...........--- 524 


Turerduilus| (Umi) Wea eee 524 
Turgidus (Margarita) Lea.............-.. 781 
Turgidus (Margaron) Lea..........-..... 781 
AdwoseniGhors) (hablo) LUCE soosdedeoesnasenceaae 781 
Gribbqealohnls) (Uiebko))) IRGENKS 5 oassanodosaccneae 776 
Turtoni (Unio) Payraudeau............-- 685, 687 
Tuscumbiensis (Unio) Lea ............---. 749 
Wiber (Unio) Conrade eases -eeeeeeeeseee 744, 780 
Ucayalensis (Anodonta) Philippi ....-.... 928 
“Uhareensis (Margaron) Lea -:..........-- i 724 
Wih'areensish (Umi) sea weseeeeenee see 724 
Umbonatus (Glabaris) Simpson ...-.-.---- 926 
Umbonatus (Unio) Bourguignat .....---- 692 
Umbrans (Margaron) Lea...........--.-. 549 
Wimibran's:(Umio) Weare sss eeee sarees 549 
Umbrosus (Lampsilis) Lea .......-....--- 570 
Umbrosus (Margaron) Lea.....--.-..---- 570 
Umibrosus!(UmIo) Wea oes 570 
Unadilla (Anodon) De Kay........-...-. 617 
Unadilla (Strophitus) Conrad..........-- 617 
Undatay (Miya) Maton sss ee aeeeeeeee 788 
WUndatusi(Umio)sBarnes/seesseeer acer. 788 
Undatus (Unio) Conrad .....-...-....---- 788 
Undosa (Castalia) yon Martens ........-- 866 
Undosa (Castalina) von Martens.......-.- 866 
Undulata (Alasmidonta) Say ....-...---- 666, 667 
Undulata (Alasmodonta) C.B. Adams ... 618 


UniomerusiConnaciss seen eee 680, 739 


(Umionideseeese eee 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 507, 511, 
513, 514, 515, 516, 535, 744, 861, 863, 882, 933 
Umionine 22s serch aacesce enna 501, 514, 516 
UmiopsispNeassizisses ase eee eee eee 616 
Uniopsis (Anodonta) Lamarck........... 653 
Uniopsis (Leguminaia) Lamarck ........ 653 
Uniopsis (Margarita) Lea.....-. PES oes 653 
Uniopsis (Margaron) Lea....-.-...------- 653 
UmiopsisiSiwaimsom\ seas feese eee eats 666 
Wpsonin(Umio)sMiarshe eee nenie ease eee 539 
Uruguayensis (Anodonta) Lea .........-. 917 
Uruguayensis (Columbia) Peetel...--..... 917 
Uruguayensis (Diplodon) Lea ............ 875, 885 
Uruguayensis (Margaron) Lea ..........- 875, 917 
Uruguayensis (Unio) Lea-..--..2...2--2-- 875 
Usumasinte (Quadrula) Crosse and 
BISCHEr soap e ese eee Cee eee Eee eee 196 
Usumasintee (Unio) Crosse and Fischer .. 796 
Utriculus (Margaron) Lea.....-..- eae 785 
Utriculus (Quadrula) Lea...............- 785 
Uitriculus( (Unio) sWeaeeeesseeneeeeeeeeeee 785 
Ujijiensis (Grandidieria) Bourguignat -.. 848 
Ujijiensis (Parreysia) Bourguignat....-.. 848 
Vaalensis (Unio) Chaper -..--....----.--- 825 
Vagulus (Hyriopsis) Fischer ............- 580 
Vagulus (Unio) HPischer--2-2.2-2-2222-2.- 581 
Valdivanus (Unio) Philippi-....:......-.- 881 
Valentinus (Margaron) Lea..--......-..- 686 
Valentinus (Unio) Rossmissler .......--- 686 
Valentinus (Unio) Sowerby .....--------- 692 
NVaileus) Giridimea) Jaymes sen eeeener eee 908 
Valida (Pleurobema)) ea -2- 25-2225. 22. 7h9 
Validuss (Unio) sbenese esse eee eee 749 
Vallata (Quadrula) Lea...-......-...--.- 782 


. ty) gy Se oa oe 


INDEX. 10438 

Page. Page. 

Vallatus (Margaron) Lea...............-. 782 | Verrucosa (Tritigonia) Smith............ 609 
\Welleninblss (What) Ie. cosccéocesseososeuces 782 | Verrucosa (Tritogonia) Agassiz .........- 609 
Vanuxemensis (Lampsilis) Lea.......... 548, 549 | Verrucosa (Unio) Valenciennes.......... 779 
Vanuxemensis (Margarita) Lea..-......- 549 | Verrucosus albus (Unio) Hildreth........ 610 
Vanuxemensis (Margaron) Lea.........- 549 | Verrucosus (Margarita) Lea.............. 795 
Vanuxemensis (Unio) Conrad....-....... 549 | Verrucosus (Margaron) Lea../.........-. 799 
Vanuxemensis (Unio) Lea ...-........... 649 | Verrucosus purpureus (Unio) Hildreth .. 795 
Vanuxemensis (Unio) Sowerby .-...----- 508 | Verrucosus (Unio) Barnes................ 795 
Vanuxemi (Margaron) Lea ............-. yA) |) N/Erae LOO vIS} (Ono) SPY Goooececeesaesosese 608 
Vanuxemii (Unio) B. H. Wright.......-. 049 | Verruculosus (Unio) Heude.............. 802 
Variabilis (Anodonta) Draparnaud ....-. 6227) |/sViersus) (Margarom)) Wea. see... 55 25-2. 814 
Variabilis (Diplodon) Maton ....-.....--. 888) | \vierus| (Marearom)slWeamsses seen one. 737 
Variabilis (Margarita) Lea............... gsisis} || WWEIPDS (Wabi) ILGRy, seh basososocecso5oHGnes 757 
Variabilis (Margaron) Lea .......-.-.-.-. 888. | Verutus (Margaron) Lea -..........-..... 727. 
Varia bilish@Viya)) Maton 5-22 ess... eStats) |] WereionabIS, (iow) IER, oes cobasneocoadoone 726 
Variabilis (Unio) @’Orbigny .......--..... 888" | Viescol (Margarom)) eas... 5.22.5.-. 20-4. 694 
Waricosay (elewrobema))ize--2-2s24---242--- 509 | Vescoi (Unio) Bourguignat...........:..- 694 
Waricosa, @Um10)) Wamarcles 2-2. 5+-s2e--2- 671 | Vescoiana (Anodonta) Bourguignat ..... 28 
Varivosus (Margarita) Lea ............-.- 765 | Vescoiana (Margaron) Lea ..............- 628 
Varicosus (Margaron) Lea-.......-..-.--. 765 | Vesicularis (Lampsilis) Lea .............. 562 
Wenei@osug (Wiswio)) IUCR eases sccssecesdoones 765) je Viesicularis) (Unio) ealeseee asses eee 562 
\Wenias) (Witwlo)) i2eawell Sos oekeeecdosoaeecesos (28a Viestituss(Margaron)lieadseseeeseeeseee ee 708 
Vaughanianus (Lampsilis) Lea .......... GHD | We sntabs (Wino) Ie coacesosoeoesecocdss= 708, 804 
Vaughanianus (Margarita) Lea....-.-.-.- 550 | Vestitus var.a (Unio) Heude ............ 801 
Vaughanianus (Margaron) Lea....-..... 550 | Vestitus var.b (Unio) Heude __......._.. 804 
AVaruenamaanas) (Uimio)) seas. sees eee 500 | Vibex (Lampsilis) Conrad ............-.. 559 
Vaughanianus (Unio) Sowerby ...-.-.--- OY) |. Walloed< (Miehgepuatie))) IL@Pidoeccoeoodedousecss 560 
Velaris (Physunio) Sowerby..-...-....... Cpl | Wiliges< (MIE MESE HOM) ILA, Yo4 5 54ouencccocaans 560 
Welevals (Wie) Isebolleaycoo5esneaeseocsoedec 830 | Vibex nigrinus (Lampsilis) Lea......._.. 560 
ivelarisy (Umi1o)iSowerbygecse--oses seco oe coral | Walloyed< ((WWhavi)) CloroueNol -oeoeocoeusocos soeee 559, 716 
\W@lenwe) (Oiatl@)) Corben os acososcessesceees 613 | Vicinus(Margaron) Lea ................. 730 
Vellicatus (Nephronaias) Reeve ...---.--. SOY |) Wagtarrs (bavi) IES, Soounsodanoconseascesue 730 
Velthuzeni (Hyriopsis) Schepman ....-.. 681 | Vignoniana (Anodonta) Musgraye.....-- 902 
Velthuzeni (Unio) Schepman............- 581 | Vignoniana (Margaritana) Bernardi..... 901, 902 
\Wellunan, (Wisui®)) SEWaccocesascoseacoseccan0 575 | Vignoniana (Margaron) Lea ........--.-.- 902 
Ventricosa (Anodonta) C. Pfeiffer........ 623 | Vignoniana (Spatha) Bernardi .......... 902 
Ventricosa (Mycetopoda) d’Orbigny -__-. 935 | Vignoniana (Unio) Reeve...-........-..- 902 
Ventricosa (Mycetopus) d’Orbigny ....-.. 935 | Villosus (Lampsilis) B. H. Wright ........ 562 
Ventricosus (Lampsilis) Barnes ..---.- 526,527,529 | Villosus (Unio) B. H. Wright -...-....::.. 562 
Ventricosus (Margarita) Lea .......-..-.- 526 | Vinckei (Unio) Bourguignat............. 862 
Ventricosus (Margaron) Lea....--......- 526 | Violaceus (Unio) Spengler ............... 721 
Ventricosus (Mya) Eaton ........-.....-- 5267s Varens) (Anodonta) beams sae eee een ee 645 
Ventricosus (Platiris) Lea ........-.----- 9307) Varens) (Mangzarom)iliean seme seerercee ses sae 645, 722 
Ventricosus satur (Lampsilis) Lea ....--. al - Nabeaaly (nebo) UGE aecocosocbocaccocdaneS 722 
Ventricosus (Unio) Barnes......-. 526, 527, 528, 533 | Virescens (Lampsilis) Lea................ 5hh 
Ventrosa (Brazzzea) Bourguignat .....--. 907 | Virescens (Margaron) Lea .............-. 544 
Venus (Unio) Rafinesque....-....-- ease TEBE |e Wabresecrals) (sans) IVER) oe canoosacecosaesous 544 
-Venustus (Lampsilis) Lea -....-..-.------ 543 | Virgata (Anodonta) Conrad.............. 617 
Venustus (Margarita) Lea............-... 543 | Virgatus (Strophitus) Conrad ............ 617 
Venustus (Margaron) Lea...-.-.....-..-- 643 | Virginiana (Unio) Lamarck ........-.... 536, 721 
Venustus (Unio) Morelet.-...-.......-... 815 | Virgulata (Anodonta) Lea .....-......... 631 
Venustus (Unio) Sowerby.-.....-.-..------ 039 | Virgulata (Margaron) Lea...........-.--- 631 
Wer, (Pieimooesne))) JOC oaoscooncdoodoood UST |) Nobgeeuhwrs [Subamyos Oye SAS ates Soceasescadcdocun 931 
Veracruzensis (Margaron) Lea....--..--- BO) |) Waheswls Seaooral SoG sogacsaccscccuoasoe 506, 515, 851 
Wieracruzensis)(Unio)! Wea. .5.-----.---- 670 | Viridana (Anodonta) Clessin.......-..-.- 922 
Veree-pacis (Unio) Tristram ........:..... (oon ewaridans| (Marg arom)) Meas ee see esees er ee 726 
Verbecki (Nodularia) Bottger ........... Gu) || Wibatolean) (0fanio))) Weths Soacosauocooosoosacce 726 
Verbecki (Unio) Béttger..............- 5 819 | Viridicatus (Margaron) Lea......:......- 717 
iWerecundusi(Unio)) Gouldee se sess ese e Say || \/uaiebicengbiss ((\Upoblo)) IU EES oa cigedocassenseoce 717 
\Wereegivb-al (Wim) Ieee Walhess Sccoccaassubacs 825 | Viridiflavus (Unio) Kuster.........-.+.-. 683 
Verreauxianus (Margaron) Lea.....-.... 825 | Viridiradiatus (Margaron) Lea........... 726 
Verreauxianus (Unio) Lea........-..-... 825) |) Viridiradiatus) (Unio) Leas. 2252-242. 22-- 726 
Verrucifer (Unio) von Martens .......... 862 | Viridis (Alasmodon) Rafinesque .....-.-. 673 
Verrucosa (Mya) Haton..............-.:. 795 | Viridis (Anodonta) H. and A. Adams.... 649 
Verrucosa (Obliquaria) Rafinesque -...-. 608 | Viridis (Mycetopus) Heude .-....-.....-. 656 
Verrucosa (Quadrula) Baker...........-. 795 | Viridis (Symphynota) Conrad.......--.-- 663 


1044 


Wairidis(Umio) | Comradess. sae see seee 
Viridisi(Umio) Herussaci sete - 4. --e.sn- =: 
Viridis (Unio) Rafinesque.......-.------- 
Viridulus (Margaron) Lea.......--..--.-- 
Viridulus (Unio) Lea..........-.- Seas 
Visseri (Mutela) Bourguignat....-....... 
Visseri (Unio) Bourguignat..........---- 
Vittatis (Bariosta) Rafinesque.-....-..-..-- 
Vittatus (Diplodon) Lea.............----- 
Nittatuselarcarom)meeeeseseeeeeee seein 
Wattatusi(Umio) eas ss eeeeecne ee see a= 


Von buschea (Unio) Sowerby.....------- : 


Vondembuschiana (Margaritana) Lea... 
Vondembusechiana (Monocondylea) H. 

andvAtsA dam ses sass sao saeesicee sees eee 
Vondembuschianus (Pseudodon) Lea.... 
Vondembuschii (Unio) Sowerby....--..- 
Vuleana (Parreysia) Hanley..........-.- 
Viulcanus) (Unio) Hanley mse ss eeee. «2 ce 
Vynckii (Cameronia) Bourguignat....-.. 
Vysseri (Mutela) Bourguignat..........-- 
Waccamawensis (Margaron) Lea...------ 
Waccamawensis (Unio) Lea...-....-.---- 
Wagneri (Unio) Kobelt---.222-2..25.----- 
Wagnerianum (Diplodon) Simpson...--. 
Wahlametensis (Anodonta) Lea.......-.- 
Wahlametensis (Margarita) Lea....-..-... 
Wahlametensis (Margaron) Lea......----. 
Wahlbergi bourguignati (Spatha) Bour- 

PROVIENMN A -oookboDo se nooobosedocucossoaq00e 
Wabhlbergi (Iridina) Krauss.............- 
Wahlbergi (Mutela) Smith............... 
Wahlbergi (Platiris) Lea ..............--- 
Wahlbergi (Spatha) Krauss.............- 
Wahlbergi spathuliformis (Spatha) von 

Marten sia saeicietsetseiciise meta temialeine 
Waikarensis (Diplodon) Colenso.......-- 
Waikarensis (Unio) Colenso ............- 
Walkeri (Medionidus) B. H. Wright..-...- 
Wallisi (Anodonta) Mousson....-...------ 
Walpolei (Monocondylea) Hanley....--- 
Waltoni (Unio) B.H. Wright............. 
Wardiana (Anodonta) Lea......-..-..... 
Wardiana (Margarita) Lea...........-.-. 
Wardiana (Margaron) Lea..-.--....-.-.- 
Wardiil- (Margaron)) bea ...222222225.5222- 
NVardile@Uimio) | MiCarsasasy yee eee encer 
Watereensis (Margarita) Lea........-.... 
Watereensis (Margaron) Lea......-.----- 
Watereensis (Unio) H.and A. Adams .... 
Websteri (Unio) B.H. Wright .....-..2... 
Weddellii (Anodonta) Hupé ---..-------- 
Weddellii (Glabaris) Hupé.-.-..-.----.-.-. ‘ 
Weddellii (Margaron) Lea ........--..... 
Weddellii (Mycetopus) Hupé ......---..- 
Weldonensis (Margaron) Lea .......--.-- 
Weldonensis (Unio) Leay..-....-.. 2.22... 
Welwitschii (Iridina) Morelet .....---... 
Wheatleyanus (Diplodon) Lea.....-...-. 
Wheatleyanus (Margaron) Lea .......... 
Wheatleyanus (Unio) Lea..-.....-...--.-. 
Wheatleyi (Anodonta) Lea............... 
Wheatleyi (Glabaris)....-..-2-.+-----2--- 
Wheatleyi (Leguminaia) Lea -........... 
Wheatleyi (Margaron) Lea..-..-...%...- 


INDEX. 
Page. 

663 | Wheavleyi (Microcondylea) Clessin...... 
529 | Wheatleyi (Monocondylea) Lea......... 
744 | Wheatleyi (Pseudodon) Conrad.......-.. 
(BS || \iloceinleyal (Wid) ILA. oeeoscosesconsceses 
73), | Whiteianus (Margaron) Lea.:.....-..-.-. 
904) | Whiteianus) (Unio) Mea eeeesse--eeeeaeee 
862 | Williamsii (Anodonta) Lea -.......-..--- 
744 | Williamsii (Margaron) Lea ............-- 
890 | Wilsonii (Diplodon) Lea .....--..---.---. 
890 | Wilsonii (Margaron) Lea........----..--- 
S908 Wilsons (Umi o) eae seen eeeeeeeeeeeeee 
836 | Wissmani (Spatha) von Martens ......-.- 
836 | Wolwichii (Unio) Morelet......-.-.-...-- 
Woodiana (Anodonta) Kobelt -........-- 
836 | Woodiana (Anodonta) Lea.-............. 
836 |.Woodiana (Margarita) Lea......-..-.-.-- 
835 | Woodiana (Margaron) Lea ......--.---... 
844 | Woodiana (Symphynota) Lea............ 
844 | Woodwardianus (Margaron) Lea......... 
910 | Woodwardianus (Unio) Lea......-.--.--- 
904 | Woodwardius (Unio) Lea ......-.-....--. 
711 | Wrightii (Margaron) Lea-.....-...----.--- 
Taal |) \iapkaonal (AOiwO)) IEMs cossosdsusoccocosc0s 
693 | Wymanii (Anodonta) Lea..........--..-- 
877 | Wymanii (Diplodon) Lea ...--...---....- 
629 | Wymanii (Glabaris) Lea ..........-.--.-- 
629 | Wymanii (Margaron) Lea.............--. 
629)5 Wayanad emmial (Ua ©) Ibe a ase se ee eee 
Wynegungaensis (Parreysia) Lea ........ 
898 | Wynegungaensis (Unio) Hanley and 
898 Theobaldi.co eee eee eee eee 
898 | Wynegungaensis (Unio) Lea....--....... 
898 | Yadkinensis (Unio) Lea.-..-.-....--.-.--- 
898 | Yokohamensis (Unio) von Ihering..-...-- 
Youconensis (Anodonta) Lea........-.-. 
898 | Youkanensis (Anodonta) Lea...--.--.--- 
890 | Youkanensis (Margaron) Lea.........--- 
890 | Yubaensis (Alasmodon) Trask ........... 
590,591 | Yyzabalensis (Nephronaias) Crosse and 
933 Mischer.\\. ssoccceie seac cece ee eee 
840 | Yzabalensis (Unio) Crosse and Fischer .. 
736 | Zabulonicus (Unio) Kobelt ....-..-...--- 
617 | Zabulonicus (Unio) Locard .-...-...---.- 
Gls ZairarRochebrun else seer eee eee eee 
617 | Zealandicus (Unio) Peetel.....-.....-..-. 
774 | Zeiglerianus (Unio) Lea....--...--------. 
774 | Zelebori (Diplodon) Dunker .....-.--.--- 
722 | Zelebori (Margaron) Dunker....--..--.-- 
722 | Zelebori (Unio) Dumker= 22222-2222 ssseee 
722 | Zellensis (Anodonta) Waardenberg ...... 
711 | Zellensis (Mytilus) Gmelin....-.........-. 
928 | Zeyheri (Unio) Menke ............-...... 
928 | Zieglerianus (Margaron) Lea ..---..-.--- 
928 | Zieglerianus (Margarita) Lea ..-.......-. 
934 | Zigzag (Margarita) Lea ..--.-....--2.2--. 
723 | Zigzag (Margaron) Lea-...---.-.-2------- 
123) \\ “Ligzas. (Unio) bedssse see e eee eee eee eee 
906 | Zollingeri (Alasmodonta) Mousson ..-.-..- 
875 | Zollingeri (Anodonta) -....2..-.- 2 222---= 
875 | Zollingeri (Margaritana) Kuster........- 
875 | Zollingeri (Monocondylea) Petel.....-.- 
928 | Zollingeri (Pseudodon) Mousson....-..-. 
932 | Zonata (Quadrula) Heude........-.---... 
652 | Zonata (Unio) Rafinesque........--.-..-- : 
652,928 | Zonatus (Unio) Heude.................-. 


874 


RENO REE 


roy 


JLINWID) 1 > 


Page. Page. 
Abbott, Dr. W. L., birds collected in Ageniaspis fuscicollis --....------------- 395 
WoenbraleAsiay year -s ease eee es soe 205 Mepticulleoyeehs aa vee oes 395 
ANGFMUTLNG) IbOCWE SS asso eso se Sano o Ses oenee 57,94 TeStACCI DOS seat eee eee eee eee 395 
PNCAMPN OPUS scees aes sos oso een ces aoe 28a Aly ptushsssesc a sas eee cce eee 353 
Acanthothelphusa brazze ------ ---- ---- 285 lima Ghurs ee Sa ea ee re 354 
Camp eee ee 2805 er Nor p lil aes seer ena seen oe eee meee ee 489 
Wecilelas soe Se 285 | Agromyza eneiventris.--...--.--.------ 267 
Wecentonaltaicusicsesssesees] esas eee 221 Giminiwitare esses sees ee eee 268 
hin all anya Seen eee 221 JUCUNGARS- oe eee ee re 268 
ANiecentonideekaaecseck= see ceo ssen ne eeee 2 lateralis~ oes a ees 268 
Accipiter atricapillus striatatus -----.- 55, 90 Mep tise ase ee ee estas 267 
OTS Repeater rar ern eae 213 SObOSaTeste-eik ate aec eee eees 268 
ANN C EST a teens oes ar Sones 239 )o a Ator ONMYiZ CES tee cela eee yee ore 267 
madagascariensis__-.--__----- PB) jh /NeaROV GUI NRC Soaace ceed Seco ce She SoseSe 489 
TNS SS Heese eee Miers (an PAC OrT OS aU OS eee see er ee 367 
WiC LOMAS soe et eee te AOD N89) HAN a: a aay aioaa- cee se a eos eee are 46, 86 
PAGCTO DMRS te Ss See See oe cess Loe eee See AD Ta pAkA dO prOCGtUS sono oes ae ee eee ee 41 
COCCOISa sae ia er eee 407 | Akpatok Island, geology of -.-...------- 148 
PATCH EE OMLEMUY See ae ee ese e 3 PAM eeAM ar Cal ev EVO 11S 1S ee epee eee 219 
eckananitesse a= seass=ae 23 intermedia ------ .----- 220 
NCiuTapnSeGbaeesse nee toe ae era 258 leig puss sss ese eee 219, 220 
ING OO ae so Se Sar SRE a ee 486 SuUbtata esses Se eee eee 220 
LN GIEEEE eo eas Ee ae ey ee na oS 286 HELO US yea eee era ee eee ee eee 219; 220 
AM COLON S1S Sas ae ee a ee 288) le -Al ald ee sae ese eee eens aes See sae 219, 242 
TNH H SAVING), coo seco meee cesses 286ml Alibunea sssse se accryaa a aee ona Seen eee 301 
Actinoceras crebriseptum.----.----.--- 147 GOrSipes asst ee see ee 301 
INGiUNHIES, ANADONSOICRY, Sansas 6 eaSsesacdccee =) IM Zahy SCADA fae eka eee eee tees 301 
MYMOLEUCOS hse hss as yaw ese ae 11,285 SVMS bays sey ee eee eee 301 
HMAC UM chelate ee see eee HAAG S ie eAl Canton awe cewe ce cen eee ee ees 52, 
PNG Sits peer tere ts he ee OSS RPA Ced:imid coyessee sa = see are ene 12, 218, 242 
Adeleneyrtus chionaspidis .--.-----.--- AeA cedobensallensis jase ose oeenmee ys 218 
TEN? RSMAS) Oe SS eo eeo sone 341, 401 enistatansee ieee aoe eee Saees 242 
folanchonice essa 402 | ASpoi ae ee ee ee eee 218 
Solitons Cae see 402 | SPM ONGT, one A 12 
Adenostoma fasciculatum -_-_..--------. 385 | senegalensispacssse ee ea ee 12 
4®chmophorus occidentalis. .----------- (BIO) || AM Ken OER. Seino sn coodecacoedead=see sass 153 
ie -odallibisepaminensisuss.0 2.2. .en seen OG 207 eA erys OG CS ieee eee ates Meu nrene nee cree 411, 412 
Seml=palmaa res a= eee Ai t3, |) -INiOyAroGliGks) —-s55 5 cde estes SebsoeeeesoS 323 
VOCLECK Ane ats seme eee ee eee DOU SS me AtL oven Ca Beenaans ached Sle enous hate en ea 52, 81 
Afgithaliscus niveogularis-__.-------.__- 228m eeAd! Gtisrallll Cieeeer sea aes Ss epee ees 52 
ABDASOG aiheen S Sasa eee SBIR SU SHONSYeS ||, JNKerelegrnn) chee cee eee eae eae 77 
chapadee, new species--------- 3871 | Allotrichoma abdominalis -----.--.------ 260 
hyettusiees ss sasscsesc ace eee 370 | Alopecurus stejnegeri ------------------ 125 
4athopyga anomala, new species ---_--- SOM AA OS aie seta ae eee rs see ee ee 2 
Sabunataeascs2 sss se sesso SOM SAD held ysis see ce eee eee ee ee eee 274, 312 
ihemamalin @ksiieeee ase a SUM Ape US eee ee ea oe ie eee 312 
Noelaius phen Ge usp ase= ese a 50, 57, 94 [SXONUI TAME Seah ee I ei oe eee 312 
Ph CeniCuUnUS eee eee 57 GAT AN OLO Si saat ele web Eee eee 311 
PAS CTIAS DIS s= e ae see se nee 325, 338, 339, 345, 346, 394 @Gliweslol --eseseccsckScacthoscs 312 
GET COM See eee 394, 395 TTMNGIENISC CUS epee es 312, 313 
IbuCcewlatricisme==ssee=n eae. 395 MINEKETROO MMOS pesasecess asoacase 312 


1As an index to Mr. Charles T. Simpson’s paper, Synopsis of the Naiades, or Pearly Fresh- 
water Mussels (this volume, pp. 501-1044), was speciaily prepared by its author, the titles in that 


paper are omitted in this index. 


1045 


1046 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Alpheus megacheles -.-..-..------------ 312 | Anthomyza nigrimana, new species ---- 264 
PaAracrinivUs sssss—=es== eee 312,313 | Anthophyllum lineatum-----..----- 187, 188, 196 
pontederiz Se-2-s\2525- = --- === 312 | Anthothreptes rectirostris -......------ 32 
TT DYSNAOWULOSNISs 5 ose cobesc odo sas CUZ) |) Amid n@yOR 5.5 aso ssccorenaseaseeecocuesHn 184 
Amauresthes fringilloides.-_..----.----- Gis) || ANTaM obese PROTEKOIN oo esoe ceo teeeees 251 
INA DCEO Sas sons ose cose seseeeesd eoessS 41,69 | Anthreptes collaris collaris_-__---------- 33 
Amblycerus holosericeus -.--.--------- 57, 74, 94 hypodilus -_-------- 33 
Nash ohebls) wane sobecucascos osenesaoseeBCeeT 2 zambesianus- ------ 3 
Ammodramus sandvicensis -__---------- 51 PASE IM Se: ease eee ee ae 16, 33 
sandwichensis- ---------- 95 Tdi s gee NNN eee ee ees 34 
Amnicola cincinnatiensis -_..--..------- 137 new species. ____------ 33 
Ampelis carolinensis -------------------- 58 GECtEOStrIS ess ese eee 32 
COCTORUING sass eee nee Ge ate On || ANrahM NNN eo moog e eke ob Seco ase eae 492 
SHNPPUUIS) gobo gsnokeekacss 66 cnet 51,58, 97 Canalis=2 4 ecole eee 492 
Amphispiza belli --._.--:---:2:--------- 51,.58,95 fasciatase enon eee 414, 493 
Amphitrite ineequalis -....---.-------- 290 new species -_-.-- 494 
IANA GY TUS eeces see seee eee ne ee 329, 331, 354 Subba eee ee 492 
SROCI I sees sh sen N eecee 3a4 TWIED SEGUE) = seecos sce sueSsses 492 
pallidipes, new species --.---- 354 TON OT Abc 414, 493 
DUlehe ras sees eens 304 new species___.. 493,494 
DulChricornisyess eee ane OOD). WAC tila Se aes eo See eee 186 
WENESOEERHOIS coe coe bac oooonenee 355 bil@ oars 2a Ue ean es eee 186, 196 - 
ANG OERTIRWIS) Si deaccue coaobecs Sass Secoses 302, 307 bilobata: {e227 eee es 186, 196 
Curvadactylusiee==ssassees 307 suesdesii 22)... s eae 186, 197,198 
Ananrsialines tellasssss =a = epee 366 SUCS ESI See ee eae 186, 196 
UNTER inee nee seen re oe Cate ano G2 i (Ss eA Siaeeeeeee see Sc el bien nana 329, 331, 355 
Fillo AGIs) S45 a sekSeoaclos saohos bSeS 45 auUStRIaca =a see 3855 
PRON IOKOR NEY ao ase asasen seesacosess 70,85 EuliveSCenshee tes eae eee 355 
OSCAS IAC ees ae ae ee ewe en we 45,7 heydenit== 2s eee 355 
DOS CHAS = Hts e Uwe was es 61, 62, 70, 85 MasiGOnniS = ees= ee ee 355 
CATOMMENSTS ieee ene ee see 45, 70, 85 neomexicana, new species------ 355 
casarcay els: ABs Riemer at 209) Any,tuslatristrigcabussse=="555s5—a=eseeee 414 
hyip ea ta ene eae wean e ten emits ast 45,71 new species------ 460 
CRECCAsE Ee ee Seen Sasa ee erie eae 45) Apaloderma narina) s2s-2.-2se-ses es eneee 14 
CISCORSReteeee tea tn ss See awe ee eam 85°) “Aphelinustssece = s2se = eee ae ee eee 400, 408 
RUDENESS oeseceo acess sean Soased seca 45 | Aphelocoma californica_-....---------- 51, 77,93 
BUS Cae enya ae 45 iN Sall asl See ee 230 
CARGIONNIS 2 cotoss Sac SeeS secs osedsSes 45 | Aphidencyrtus aphidiphagus---.---..-- 399 
TOWUDKCMN ot odlsodede Seas Bos Bb aocS 236 laches hehe eee 399 
Guerquedullajesessseeneeeeseeces 209 ME SOUTES sees a es 399 
THOMA ao SseceesceasaNElaSeEeosors 45 new Genus =e ses-ee 340, 347, 398 
stelleris twee Ne oe ces se eres 45 TOSS Le eee eee 399 
INMIEY WOH os oocas olesesos oSeede sos cons 382 schizoneuree _---------- 399 
ANSIEKGIOES) Sooo cncn ysed Seoseaeaee Heceeo ste] UD a0 siphonophoree- -.------- 399 
INGANNTNS oo asces 6 odascte seed sect cose 481 SWC) S Cire ae ee 400 
digitalis ees eee 48il))|) JAtp nid dee 22-2 Sass ee eee 323, 398 
IAT CISERON Ae ee eso oe eee ee enn eee 42) 7()ea | eAphisibRAaSSicee ee sass eens 399 
PIS AS en eo Ey Che een Tletss). | JON ROU 2B osaseseeboséoscecs 339, 345, 370, 383, 394 
JNA CHEK joRWOMU AS ou Sooke Son see ee eeoeS 351 albertins Scene aes 384 
JG hoon IGlWlS — 3 oeSooasascokoeoe Soeen Sdoosn 15, 30 AMOCNUS) eee eee 384 
erythropterus: 5-----22--2- bl angelicus: | 22 y2 si ereeceea 384 
SraciirOsuricmey sees 30 anniulipes ses eee eee ee 384 
liberiensis -- 31 apicalisi.. 2522222. es eee 384 
PARKOHbIS) Soo5conoeseh seep oKKs 30 australiensisess= 42s ee sees 384 
IN POnCUMUS eases eae 15 brunneus! 223. eee 385 
latiTostriS pases 15 Galifornicus== ees -=- ee eee 385 
MIR OTS ees Sal en peer 11, 15,31 ceroplastisas sss eee eee eree 385 
Anepischetos bipartita_-..-_-.-.-----.-- 414 Chry.Sop eee ae eee 378 
new species- -- 482 cockerellisc3s25 ee see 385 
MewaSCNUSsaeeessaasa eens 482 coquilletti-] saan 385 
Anhineamritass asap =e serene ee era 238 dactylopiiass{e eee arene 885 
UNM AUP OEM kEs)5 ycede Conseco enobea So OsacKSSsece 238 Cruptoric sche ose eee 385 
SAMI GO EUS Ose seed eee oe ar One ree eee 341, 405 flavicepss 2. s 2525s eee eee 386 
ceylonensisseresseceee seen 405, 406 flavus.2o5 ee eee 356 
JAn oma acai assim eee am ae ete eee es 273, 300 fuscipennis = 2-22 =-ee eee 386 
Anserallibironsee ste. ss eeee eee eee 45,71, 86 hederaceusse. 2 eee eee 386 
gamibeli i. a2 ee soeon= 62 immacuilatus=ee eee ee eee 386 


INDEX, 1047 

Page. Page. 

oliycush) OhNsoniteee. eo een eae BBG AASili dea Saas nee sere eu ieee penne 251 
SCAT Re ee ees een a Ane te S SSGm AST Onwal SOnibanis sees eee ee eee eee eae ONO) 

IK NWOMGIED cos osseas cosas Sacacs Bole MAS DICIO UU Sharam tille=e see 386 

IO WRAST MA Seca Secu 387 var. citrinus. __/_.. 411 
TMEVOWINN NS satcosesestacesooCenSs 387 Cithi Cola ee ee eee eee eee 411 
TACDICENNOIS Gos Goodes saceeeussas 387 Coxnticalis asses 383 

SIV SXCND as Se eS cin SEE SERRS 304 Gy Oni aoe. see sae Se hoe aes 411 

MSPS eae eye eee eye 387 A OMEN iN ese eet eee eer ee 409, 411, 412 

OMRACHE na- see ceases cesses 387 DELI CIOSUSHeEe tess eeeee eae 408 
OREAONENSIS eee eee 387 SOCEO LUSH sess eae ase 404 
POUL ch ell seen ey eee eee 388 Giliicey Sec Se Slee cee os 404 

OWUN AINA Hos sae Sese sees 388 | Aspidograpsus typicus---..--.----- .----- 279 

DUNC BIDES --2= ons Ssh besoscas Seoul ASIC OpMOROld eS reper eee eee ae ae 113 

HERIOUIS See eds Groene neec aaa 388m eASpidoptenabusckaies assesses ane 270 

EOWA SINGH Sees See eens BOB MEAS GavCl Cl see eee aya nee eae 12], 

UNINCOUOT ea ere eee te Se see ee 376 | Asterodiaspis quercicola....------------ 404 

PATIO PON ere eet anions nn eee eee e AAS Gero pesuSie eee eee eee ene eee 4 er de 
TNEVORIEYNUS eons Se eeee Gans Babee lit PEIN Sse ot seh a ee tees 405 

ENGI ame eee ie oa Senate salam DDI eAStreanbe lapse ere emcee eee ey eee 189 
culo T Cull eee een ee eee ene (eo) ANchaneee), lolly oo so6. ebb soos eedass cone. lis, IG ey 
TOUPAROIERIE) cco Sack Ros bbe bes oa CARAS) hintolamelllataresssmae es ceees 190, 197 

@lntyj Scab OS eee eee 116411390 TMeLTaygl ania Cll Cae ee ee ae 190, 196, 197 
ChiyiSAGbOSwes eas eee enon = DUO SAS bReS 1 Cl cepts aes ears ae Nay ec be Seo 186 
HHT eG ee es Sp Se a ae RE PAE ONS mene S ee Bese a on ecesoeSrose 187, 188, 189 

MTP ETIAliS ease ee St eee 47,90 astreeiformis -__------ 188, 189, 190, 197 
NeWeoryj plas ee es ee ee all oye Ne Hotes ae at aies ek eee oS 189, 194, 197 

NNO alla kee eee eee ae eee 213 Gbehavrs eye seen ee Ae es 189, 190 

INTO) Gea Ee eee ee eee 73 linteatarese a= 187,188, 189, 191, 196, 197 

_ANTPRRRO BS occ n ns bod Bees coos eoeses=ceese CBee! SHENG) manylandicaps= == === see aaa 190, 197 
SC ube ais eee SISTING DLO yaa ee ee eee eee cee emer 194, 196, 197 

ANTON NOOR ec ee aes Sane eno ae Sse DE wAStrhelianoad lam ataae=e sees ee eee 185, 186, 197 
lagopus sancti-johannis 47,55,73,90 | Astrohelia ---..-.------------------------ 185 

AT Chin Spee eae seat eee aaa oe 335, 342, 368 TOPHUTNAYID, 52 Sonne Sa Sose 185, 186, 197, 198 
OCOMPAHUIB scat dscecaes teencnee Gils) |] JASONS). oso o oosoce cose Se et 190 

JN@OCE AIS WIS. = sso sedosn pee coe cone esse 2 rTM edits yal tia GL Ce ene ee err 190, 198 
Worchytasmpasit wlvacs-s22- eee ae 549-2 253 | Sexnadiatansst eles ss neeelOL OT 
Arctic Trenton, extent of the _._------ 1) |) NSiebbe joenib wan op WONG: 35 obo oS oes coca eSae 73 
Arctostayhylos pungens...------------- 386 | Sspectaloilige is sco kee soe here 26 
Arctus arctus var. parauoxus ____----.- 309)9)) “Atstymmachus\): = 222.522 - eae ee = 2 8d9) 340009 
Nreleayabhl Ca pillareee sean anaes 238 | OIG CUS pee see eee eee 389 
SRT Cli been ee ee ie, SO. Atari bal pleuralige se aes ee eee 250 
Stellariss-saise ware e oes anes (| J Niwetleren Olli) os 2 ane ea acne o saco see 292 

NWAUTOS COTS Bae ees einae eee Seminar ene 86 | LOLMN Gab Sse eens 292 
XSELTUD IN O TOO Cl dyaese teers ee ZBigli MACCLOLMISICROSS| Gyalqee ee ae renee 241 
BOCIG eee eee RSS 237 Ditboides essa! Mees l ewes 241 
Arr elitaspOGIGeDSe = sees as eae ea BY (elivad Galaverp ban lots 2) eee emer eee ale eee 1 
eAT Cola pOdiCepSee ss = ease enna 237 GiaenOsis\o here aneeen= see 2 
LUG bey ESE ol ON marge ene Beara 237 | Antherinoidea, diagnosis of ------------ 2 
Kah OP OC ae ase ae ere ee 235,287 | Atherinopsis californiensis ------------- 1,10 
Mrremonopsistrabiceps= 55:59) assesseeee 74, 97 osteology of 3 
ING AS IAVOV OV alee ON oe Ses Be eeu Aes 32,04", 408 | Athy roglossa nitida 2222-22252 552-----=- 260 
INIPETSN SAO) NMS sete OS soe eases BAe sy Alle {lo SN ROV OF HIS 44 Se sae eee SEE ee sere oooceS 341, 404 
chionaspidis. -.--. ..-- 408,409 COUNT eae ee a aad () AeA 
Aasilonehecolorada—. 25-222 — 825 se AS We AtGTay pA CRE WCSCENS pesca asm ee sae en=aa= 159 
new species. .-.-:- 414. SUllourel Oral Sue mes eee eto ee 159 

AVS SAR RCH ee ieee SaaS BORse AN Oe eACt FCOnannl GETS se eee ee 17 

PAG ACO MOU GUISULIS Ame ea eee SOIT etal apAtt sy, canna Pegs dae re eh eee nearer eee ea) ENS = oe 313 
PAC DOIN SI ae wenen erat ae ye eee ee 387 PAD OMETISIS yee ee eee ee esa 313 
JNTPUMRO) NOC Boe Smee Sacess Sener osscne 173 margaritacea var. claviger -_------ 313 
PAriomiydas ull Sim OS aie ssa oe eee 16 SCA rae peer e eee eee Rete oe 313 
USsh’e rks sae ees eae eee GP MONA Se oa aeerse eae omar a ae aetbee Haee seme 274, 315 

SING fay Of ON DIS) Aste s eae tes era Aare aes aye 50 Atti Sus Calloei ses = same ae ne sae erates 313 
INSCIR Wa, season eee Se AN cee te he er ST Om ANT UShote se se ers eee eae ees eae 108 
Cauda tare see ee ees 379 TOSULALUS Hees ee ee eee eee ener 110 
Ashmead, William H., on the genera AMT pArUshh ayy CCD Ses eaten ee asetasa eee 98 
of the chalcid flies belonging to the ASndanyeyeninhans 22-2. o5caecossoscéabonDases 45,85 
Suibtamily HnGyarbin essen eee eee 323 GaUVeCRNNe) ESA occas coscadesencese CHa h) 


1048 — INDEX. 


Page. ‘ Page. | 

Aythya marila nearctica.-----.-------- CE (Op) |) JRO WARNS seeeesenes sSeccaceamoccenscansan Ge | 
Biicchare tise. cesses ee seee eee ee 252 lentiginosusmee es sse- === aan GenSO! 
Claw tats ere ee ee Zoce both ometop US a= esa 42 
Bxeocharisuecn sens ee eer enema 329, 331,356 | Bothriothoracini __..._.---......._....-. 333 
mar lattitess yas Sie Rete eee 306 | Bothriothorax-.-_-..--.--.--- 325,333,336, 348, 871 
PASCUOTUM assess eee eens 356 Californicuses-seeese-e-8— 371 
Baffin Land, Lower Silurian (Trenton) LST ar Seas eee Eyal 
farnay ota waet sees eens 143 macroglenes.-.-.._---.-- 3t2 
paleontology of--.-------- 149 WEA MINES ne =5 5 Sac) een < 372 
Bailey, Vernon, list of shells collected noveboracensis- .-------- 372 
in Heron and Eagle lakes, Minnesota, OC kena rials ee ee 361 
ALY ieee sea a oe oe eoe ares alae Ra NS 136 Peculiariss= =e 8372 
Banbatularduchailiaimesssessso ees satars 29 PlaMTEr ONS 372 
Bartramia longicauda-.--...------------ 47, 62,88 TLOLUNdiformiss==s== sees 372 
IBASIIOSA US Ha sue soe em ene ape ee 21 Val Sani eNS1S as ee 312 
Bellerophon similis---------- uate er SG 5 i |B ra Chi1O OC aise see ee 156 
Bellerophontiidee ._-.-____.-- ee a a l6aaieBrachyotusiotusr=-s== =e aaa 44 
Belvosia luteola, new species ------ ----- PDO) || PEST ELC IVa] © Gil Clee payee 14 
I BXSRAEKGR AMM Gear a ene ee ty ier, eas 335,365 | Brachypodius -__-_- Pe Ulepaaauvna es 14 
atlce rally er siete nets aaa 365 | Brachypteracias leptosomus _-..-...--- 242 
floridanus, new species---- 865 DittoldesHas= =e 241 
Berenicornis leucolophus .-------------- 28 | Brachyramphus marmoratus -_____._-- 43, 81 
Bermiclastvonquabasean sae eens se eee 454 BTA CH yaa rae see ess Seale ee ee 272, 274 
Bernieria madagascariensis .--... .--.-- GES) || lee yauey CENOEKOIGINSNS 5 os Sooo oe Gocos bocuee 65, 86 
Beyrichia symmetricus.-_.---.--------.- 150 TUfin ees 7 eae een mall 
IBA OMe} oLKo ls Nea ae Ree ee ae nme See ee ras \O rien ey Aor ap alte wi og © pupae meres se Rar ep 183 
d EV OUI eee eat Sty een enie era eee oe SaaS As | exe (0) Oat ey oes Seree deseo acssss nse saccse 416 
Bird of Paradise, a new, by Rolla P. Bry.OZ0ad e223 see S555 bias Se eee 156 
CUPTIe ses SE ON ay iene 497 | Bubo bubo turcomanus -----.----------- 218 
Birds collected by Dr. W. L. Abbott in SVs Oda TANT Sa ee 48,74, 91 
Central Asia --.--- 205%; |“Bubonideass (ete a 218, 289 
R. P. Currie in Li- | Bucaniides ass sees ase eee 164 
beriae sae ns 2)y)) BUCCO Cal yl Sie oe ee eee 13 
PROMO WISTS] abies arte ee 319 | Buceulatrix pomifoliella_..........-..-- 395 
Madagascareese sso ss eae 235 tauiel lays See See eee 359 
Santa Barbara Islands, Cali- BucerostatrabuU sess eae 12 
POTN AER ele eee as esas 229 | fasciatus: s2ces ose 2s See eee 12 
the Cameroons District, | Semifasciatus sees see -eee eee 28 
WieSty Attra) acne eeees HLS SS COT Obi Cleo eee eee eS 12) 28 
IBithynisye ss ee Ee ee eee 3145315); SButeo: sos. 25ee fe eee eee ee 5d 
acan thurs esate ae 315 iborealisicalurus3e— 2-2 =e 55, 90 
jamaicensis vollenhovenii -___- 315 lucusanuS = 22 90 
OlPST SUT ee ae aaa epee gs 315,316 | jorachypteruss==s—=-e es == eee 239 
PAUCIGeENSE sss eee eee 315 desertorwm sss = sees eee 217 
IBlaSbo tliat eee pee ee eran 339, 846, 389, 394 POT OR se aaa ee 213 
ENG honinor hiss fee 389 | Nineatust se ee eel a eee 47, 90, 92 
IN COM ba eee aN Tee Rae 389 SiWalln S Oncaea eee eee 47, 55, 90, 217 
TNS OL Gass se eee eee ae en le 389 AAU NEIS: Seeeoeeesoeetossocuss CX) OM) Jat, 00 
HON Supe NMS eee ae renee 390%) Buthotrephisisracilists. "oe eeeess- eee 149 
THOS EO vee eee NS CI NER IC 399) Butorides\atricapillas.ss2 25sec eee 238 
SOMICOa, avi ee ewe ee ONS e 389 | abtricapillusis==:93s-4. asses 238 
SOLICO US yaya ee Oren sen 390 | VIEESCENS 222s ee ee ee 74 
LVUCCaS) Aa Been a ibe read 390) |) By. thinellavobtusaice se ssses= eee eee 137 
BLS Glee ks eee eee aot uae ee a era 15) |) Bythocyprisicrantuies=ssseesas= sss eee 151, 173 
FL @ GOL easy pees fa ee aaa ap oe 14515.) Calandrellajacutirostris 22 sss s2 a eaee 219 
Syndactylayssseee es eee eS eta 15,31 brachydactylajaaesseeeseee 219 
Ble pyar See 2 he eee nee aera 336, 343, 373 duikhunensisi 43525 219 
manrsdeniisss ssa sees see sees 373 | tbibetana esses = see eee 219 
TINE Kel GATS epee eee ee en 373 | Calapoecia canadensis. .--..--------- 150, 151, 154 
CORAINUSi2 aes See heer ME oto Calappas:= 2322 ase oS os ee eee eee 296 
Bom byliidees sese ea seas See ee RT 251 | aneustatacs os eos See eee 297 
Bomolochaavietatasaeseees saaese eee 414 | DOCAR Ee sae eee eee 297 
new species.._.....-.-- 494 | Palloidesse ase ae eee 297 
A BYOYay oNiz ramen eG Tse we sf a 42 ferro HN bey eran ete a NN ee aba 296, 297 
Borboridee sia eee eee 269 ; Sranullataseeee = ee ee eae 296, 297 
Borboriwds 5 ese eee 269 eran atuseesee= eee 297 
TOES See Sep aaa cae ea 269 pelit ose eee eee 296, 279 


INDEX. 1949 

Page. | Page 

Calappa rubroguttata_......_..--------- 296829 7alla@arcerse alll spe ce ean oeareee eet 207 
Calappid eae sas eee ono ee eecincee enc 273, 296 sranulatustesssseee re ree eae 297 
Calearinus lapponicus -------.-.-------- 95 SVADSUS2 senese ass eee Sees 78 
Calcariuslapponicuss----4. 2-4 -sse-> 50 has tatusiee ee eee een 290 
Calicalicus madagascariensis --_.------- 247 | mMacELochelOsps==s-—ees eee ees 295 
Galignristane natn aeree een ee eee 46, 54, 73, 87 MAS CATON Case eee eee 299 
California, new fossil species of Cary- (MESS OM ola Was Caos nee se ogee 278 
ophyllia from ---..- serge ee 199 IMM US eee ees Beene 279 

new variety of MHaliotis OLN ayenibiaN Ss Wen 293 

THRO) OT easy SA ere rae 139 OANA IbANNS oo - ob esses escn one 281 
CaITORMICNSISH= eae en essen Se 141 PLIN CCDS eae ae a ae a ee 297 
Callacanthisvourtonie==-2--5- 224-8. ee 226 TANT Seed eae eS i 299 
(GaillipMassaeseeae see es eee ea aS 308 TivalOs Sree soe eee eee oe 286 
Giadematass= == seas se ses oe 308, 3809 LOSEN ATS Ree ee ees ee 298 

PUN TAN apnea een 308 TROPUNAGENHOIS oc cagesoeeeonsoaeeees 292 
(Ciiliine nna sisi les) Sas = oa ee ee 274,308 Sagittarius sees saan eee 298 
@alhinectese 2 lases oe a cesses sate eases e289. 290 {CI OMC RUN FDIS Stas Sosa bbobde sone 288 
DOCOUT, bp seers ean ee 290R29 hel Cancridcopieca saan s ye couse eee 272, 292 

Giaicanit huis weee sess seein 290 | Cape Stevens, geology of _.-.-...___.._- 144 

SACI ALOE ee een 290829 eal © ALLO nl Geeks aes re ieee 13,29 

eyeing RAS) sok 5 asst noresos POU, aL: || CeyommbonwtlesiGlesy oo ooo cco tas ooSose sonsee= 241 

rene NAMM OS a= oes Se eee oe 2905 291a Caprimuleustenarrabuse= sass see 241 

tumidus var. gladiator .--..- 2910)" Caradrina lewucorenal 23925 2252s ee ee 414 
@allligpteromare meee eee tees ete oa. 402 | new species. _____- ATY 
Sze Ucbataee sae weal ACN OC hey abet ep ar hee cans ee ae LSORAS Re pera 2 

Sex cuibtatarse ene one ANAM Carcainalisicar can alls see mess ieee sania 51,96 

LEStaceayes sesame a deze 403 | igneus_-_-.-. the Sas 51,96 

Callipepla californica __..._...._...- AD) OBL G1). 63): \) (CEWRGHISONIOE) noes Soca boo aces cocoa ooLeoae 276, 277 
sO rllanwhvoriG aoe oe sere oe NE ee ee 255 arm atimiee ses geen oe Seen 207 
Callliiptenomaw eas en ose eens 325, 341, 402 PRUE MA bya. 2646 sondabe SacSods 277 
Doub babe pers seen ee ee ele 402 a Carduelistbuntonimeec ss tes sane 226 
quinqueguttata .._____...- 4027|) Cariacus columibianus 2=-- 2-2-2. =--5--=- 99 

Semou balla aes meeete 402 | SVL SUT TU S ere ee a 99 

tes taceay sss cS lee ee 8 ANB) || CENCE eres ao onion reap Aone 274, 310 
C@alobatastasciatams ene s assassin ee Zips BOanidinayyrssseaean, Sateen own se wee ee 318, 314 
AIS Cisviet ste eee et era 257 KOSOCNSISE esse aaa e te aes 314 
naa TM aisheateet tes Arne cece age tate he sy. ||\ Cenrngriclecp oe ets ie oo 418, 480, 433, 446, 451, 464 
@arlocerinushesse es Sse Se hee 327, 330, 348 BIC ONT S eee ae Se ae 425 
Honig ants sees eee a 348 | CMC ONS ee Se eee 414 
Calymmene senaria. ._.... -...---------- 149 new species ------ 458 
Cambarus clypeatws 22. - -.-225...5 222.22 122 albipennisa sees eres aera 451 
GUIDE SIS Vee we eer a tin so 123 APONAAT AS pe a ee ee 23 

STEALS ese eesti Hates sent Ne NS 122 atriferarce season tee omer 460 

DIlOSUSHS Scene ha ee ei br OLUS Camsee ap een eee 414 
Camercceras proteiforme .____.___. 149, 151, 169 new species ___...- 447 
Cameroons district, West Africa, birds abrOpUlviereaa see eee 413 
sESTS() TDR aE ep eerat S Ane ow os Ue Rp 11 new species __- 428 
Camipephagidae asses ees eee 247 | AUG TIS rere eee eee 443 
Wamimpe thera esses econ a) aaa ees 14 | lo1C Ol air: 1 SABES eae pe eee son 422 
Dermiis tases ses eae Ha | DILAS Ca basses ere ee 433 
Wampome trav s sso hh aa eae ae 101, 105 | bostoniensis -__-_-_-- 422, 431, 432, 434 
ane) laces ee 101, 102, 103, 105 ibrunmMeloeray sees ae 443 

bilineata, new species - ____ 102, 105 CoBIS Sas aah eae 439 

cinctipalpis, new species -- 103, 105 GCESINS Rewer eel eons 414 

fraterna, new species. -.-. 104,105 new species_..._-.--- 457 

LOYAL) CONE = es Ppa ta ye a ae Ss se 104, 105 CATIOS US zeae coin ea 414 

minor, new species.-...... 104,105 new species. ---_--.- 449 
Campothoranes sis = = sen esas a caer sees 14 GURPICOIOWP Be eb25 Geocos akesoase 422 
CAROL ae aes Ey A. 29 CO Saban Sse eee ene yee 425 

TOSIAANIS HOI — Se oes Base 14 compressipennis.-.._-----.-- 413 

Cancer OSOT ese eas re a ee ee 302 new species 429 
Cataphractusieesss enna aes 311 COntACTONIS tees a= eee ere 413 
elibanar tus ye seeos ase en eee 306 new species. ---- 421 

COLRGU Sats a ee 292 Aakotaes oes ae eee ree ae 413 

CUTSOI Ssh 2 eee oe ee nee 275 mew species--..-.---- 442 
depressuss: sian 2 ee ee sae 281 GLiform She eee eee eee 413 

ORCA VALS aes s aU say ee 303 new species.------- 441 


1050 INDEX. 
Page Page. 
Garneades' dissona_.-..-2-5----22--22—--- 418 | Carneades ontario, new species. .----.-- 440, 
divergens| Ses see eee eee 456, 457 perexcellens__--.-.-..-.- 452, 4538, 454 
CnLer iS sae eee 418 PINGATL eee Eee ee eee 414 
new species.---.--- 427 new species._...-...- 451 
excopiitar- eens ese een 413, 424 TOMENRELU ROWS soso coorne soos sesee 421, 
new species-_-...--- 423, 422, 423, 425, 426, 427, 428 
exculltan ao sete ee ase ees 413 DUST On SS sae ene eee 413 
new species....------ 24 new species -------- 419 
TACtOLIS eee cs ee eee eee 414 Tecmo Gull apeeeeer Eee eee eee 458 
new species -------- 456 TelaRUS Srey See See 413 
falerinaige- os. eke ease ee eaee 413, new species._-_-.-..- 432 
new species. -------- 29 Selemish 22h esi J sae eyes 414 
HaVvAdens)s esses on eee eee 420, new Species ------ -=-- 459 
AMaviSCap laps se nee eee 413 Sessilo 2:55. 5 aee eeeees 413 
new-species. -_-- 22 new Species -.....---- 431 
OST Ta! Sse ee 414 Sticmatalisaeeass eee sae 413 
new species- ------ 454 new species.-.... 425 
PTA TS eee en ee 449, 450 TERMeSSUS = sane s ae ee 413 
SUDO Fe yas Ga eine oA A AE crs Se 413 new species. .-..-- 426 
new species.--.--------- 437 LOPNAariUS eee) ee eae eee 414 
Bula Gaya Sie eye ea Seeman 455, 456 new species...-.--- 444 
hennriettastesseon sess e eee 414 LOrrenus 2220s ous se eo eee 413 
new species-._--.--- 452 new species____.._-- 436 
InoMenonewaN ee osoe Sets SSScS 421 CeLritOrialseas se ee eee eee aS 
INOMOL NAPE), sao anea doascee ness 413 new species ----. 436 
new species- .----- 443 testula:. osteo. Sos aa eee 413 
idahoensise=seeee eee see 455 MOWeSDeCICS i= =e === 440 
inculbitase sess eee 413 tessellataye ses eens 423, 446, 448, 449 
new species.--.----- 435 tessellloides}=a=ss2 ens aaa 469 
Tha ifey hb. cape ean ae MENUS A Were Aer ale, 453 TOCOVE oss 22s Se See eee 413, 422 
IMGPICALE nee ek ae ee nae 428, 429 new species -_..-. _-_. 33 
LINGUS eee ee Pee nee 414, 446 vallus 233-2 See eee 413 
new species---------- 446 NeW: SPeGies!- So 2e- eee 430 
UOC ES ne ame eames ee 418 WEWONCHICDS S255 5-secoce cece ccs 414 
new species ----------- 438 new species = 2222-- 453 
Ikenswallleioe sane rss ase ae Al\4 Viclleripeninis == =a = sae eee 423 
new species ___-_-- 443 | Carpodacus erythrinus 25-222 --2-2225.2 224 
las cam ce seene seen 413, 440, 441 frontaliss.. 22 eee 231 
new species--__.----- 439 ODSGUGUSIE Sse se eee 231 
para rad See ee eee ie ee 414 mexicanus clementis ---..- 231 
new species. --.-.--.- 460 frontalis __. 51,56, 70, 94 
VOW ee aoe eel phe pete 413 | purpureus californicus.-- 51,56, 94 
mew Species. - 2-2. .=.-2- 422 SENEIRWAON Al sons ce cScosmocoS 224 
IATGCOSLE US ee eee ee ee 413 | Caryophyllia arnoldi, new species_-..... 199, 203 
new species-__-_-.--- 433 lineata eee ene Spo 
TID NTS free cretet eer 414 new fossil species of__.... 199 
MEW SPECIES Basse mauaes 450m |e CasanrcalcaSar.cass= n=] 3 eee ee ee 209 
MELASTIS MMA ae eee yeaa 413 Castor canadensis. sees === =e 99 
new species .--- BOB | Cate Sas ee SBS els slat ea aye eee 99 
IMESSOVIA Sse ese ak el 432.5 .Catabom baspynasiilee sess aaa 371 
ABA 435, 4805431 4005/4094404.) | Cabocalaelectaresss=255en eo enetes sae eee 367 
TOTES Ve eee eee ey a eee Adie | Catometopas=a ses aes n ee eee 272, 274 
MeV WS See eee ee ee cee AIS) © atte S252 2 se Se Se ee ee a ae ee 99 
new species _------- 424 | Caviasobaya-.--. Saas eee oe eyes ae eee 79, 100 
MCOLCLISi ates eA Wea aura 414 | Cecidomyia salicis-siliqua--.-..---------- 396 
new species--_-_-.---- 446) | i€ecidomyid espe ae eee 396 
TV OSV CL a Sl Sey AS Wes Bh AI3418" |) \Cecidomiyiid ce as eseee ee ee eee 249 
new Species - 222.4222 4? (al Celaena renie erases = see = ee eee 366 
MOGCUUTEOT MTT S wee eee eer 414 | Central Asia, birds collected in__.-._--- 205 
new species --- 445 | Centropus senegalensis _.---..-...------ 27 
NOL CICA meses ae eee eee 414. ‘Ceophlosus|pileatus!2--5. ee ee ee eee OOnOL 
new species. ..-..--- Abdel Cophalopodaseses c= eae ee See eee 169 
obeliscoidessseaeeasesee ees 4520 Cepphusicolumbaresees2=4s- see eeeeeeeee 43, 52, 81 
Objun cater eeees see eee ANA @eramoporlidsesses se. sseee eee Eee eee 156 
new species _-.--- 448 | Cerapterocerus..-.--.-.---. ---------- 341,347, 403 
OChT Og aster ee aaa ae enae 28 Horidanse==--eeeeereee 403 
ONCATI OS aE ss ee ee ed 413 latevittatus. -.---------- 403 


INDEX. 


Cerapterocerus mirabilis ___--_...----_-- 403 
DUNComMIS esses se 403 
Ceratosymmnaatratayso so sseee eo oe 11,12 
Ceratomyza dorsalis)-222--- 2-2. ------ 269 
Ceratopogon punctipennis--_--_---. ------ 250 
SCG aK ss ee ee ee 250 
Ceraurus pleurexanthemus ._-.....--.- 151,174 
Cerchneis tinnuncula interstincta_--_.-- 210 
Cerehy Siu See sess sansa 335, 338, 345, 379, 380 
Cauda tars team ems nel dea s2 379 
elasmoceri, new species. --- 379 
ALAC CUS Ee ea eerie santa ee 380 
hubbardii, new species----- 380 
TGEIAE ss GSee ss SoeEe ee eee 380 
palliciipes Ms teeen= see a eee 380 
Dulchricormisess-seess sees, 355 
tenebra buscar eee esa pees 355 
Cercobelushes loys oro see ee re 342, 347, 408 
FNL SOULS es ee A ie 408 
Weroplastesye- a ssencc so ce een seess Seca 387, 405 
AETMIST SO en eee aoe aes == 385 
cerripediformise=--2-2--5-— 387 
Ceropsyllarsideroxydi 4252 =) ene ae 411 
@erorhinca monocenata_-.- 2222-22 43, 52, 80 
Cerostomamadiatellass.-9= 2) ss 5 sees te 364 
Certhiamectirostrisi=2--=- 2-252 --5---- Bz 
SO vali aT) Prey eee ese Mee cea 246 
Ceryleialeyons:.-52 225 228-0455 See4 74,91 
Chesturanpelaci Games. ssa eae eee 92 
Delaseical ss ss2 aoe es ene eee 71 
(Chalicas pis sass ss ee eee 336, 343, 371. 
POLS aN G Sita e umm Tota 371 
GChalcidshicsria-sa 5 are ee 323 

belonging to the sub- 

family Encyrtine, on 

the genera of, by Wil 
liam H. Ashmead. .----- 23 
@halcid@id casas ese ener ates eee ne 323 
Charadiidses 22-222. ee 206 
Charadriusidominicus: 2... 22.2222 -2 12. 55, 73, 88 
IQENTODUIBY, = costa Saedoe saeuce 47,54, 73 
TMCONS 1 CUUSHE eee eees ae 206 
ANNI OT meee aye Se ene aires 54 
MOTE WS ie eee eee 54, 73 
pyrrhothoraxsss-2-sese- 24 20G;204 
Squatarola =2es-s 24-25 47, 55, 73, 88 
Charitonetta albeola ---2--_ 52222222. 62, 85 
Chaijyjbdellaye ase 2 es ee 2898291 
TPO ONE hs ae wa ee eae 291 
Chaunonotus sabinei._............--.-.. 18 
C@heilodipteridszess=-2-- s22-- ee 114, 115, 116 
Cheiloneurug mess: 25 ee =e 840, 347, 400 
alibicornio meets ees 400 
cupreicollissesees eee 400 
Gactylopil esas ae 400 
diaspidinarum _-__---_-.-- 401 
Guise eases 401 
HORM GS US e ease ene eee 400 
1 DUO WU RBIs Sees oom oeke 401 
MisTeScens pene me eee ene 401 
(OP AVSNDUG Noy ah rs ta a ea RN i eg 227, 228 
Cashimeriensistes= sae ees eee 227 
erythrogaster. 22-2: 225--)--. 58, 97 
MADAM SIS pss ee a ae ere a 28 
AUTO Cases ates ate nee ey 228 
(CISINIGIONEROIEY,. aaa Stony eens ss 228 

Chrelivdirawet rem es acess hele Sones ae 2 


Chelydnidse esas eee ae 
Chenalopex aegypticus 
Chestomorpha biformis 


new species-.-_. 
Ne wr Genusesssseaess 335 
Chilodap ter uses sess sates 2s emma 
Chilone ryt spe oases ees eee 
GUpTrercolis= sae ase eee 
dactylopiigesssas2- 2 sso see 
maculatipennis 
Chionaspis eugeniz 
eraminis) See: 

Salicig A Gea cure ose ease 


Chiroxiphiavlanceolatan ene 
Chilorocich|layexee eis ae SL eay elem ee ty 
Chlorodielll aes ss eens eee 
loneiman aes sseneeeeeee Sects 
lon gimantis:=aesseee ase a = 
Chicrediusicomvyexushasss=s92-n ee aeee = 
Jlom|g-imaamit Saye eee eee ae ees 
Chloropstineur ahaa ern een ee a 
trivitattareses setae eee 
Chondestes grammacus strigatus-. 


1051 


370 


, 343, 370 


1138 


250 


69, 74,97 


30 

286, 288 
288 

288 

287 

288 

390 

267 


51,57, 79, 95 


Chordeiles virginianus henryi.----a.--- 64, 92 
@horelaesa ses oc) se ea cee Sadish Ae 340, 347, 400 
Maiva CIC tale =e eae eee eee eles 350 

WAGISH oe Se Ses acee eae ead ee 361 

CHORTa Resta ree™ mas ean ee ete 400 
Chiysistiniid ales sameness ean ae 360 
Infidus: ==. --2)_ 2-2. 3824,38265322) 359) 360 
Chrysomyia macellaria: 5-2-2222. 250. 255 
Chirysopatssssieeec ssa sma abe sends 378 
attenuatalssss- 225 s2 eee eens 351 
Chrysoplatycerus = 222 2 4 8476405 
howardii.new species 405 

Splendensi aes 405, 

Chrysopophacu si aaeer ee nee 528, 331, 350 
Joys Wall Gch ees emus 2 sree ees 350 

compressicornis _---.- 359,351 

Chay sotusipalllipesi sss = eae 202 
Chy toni sles eee ees alee aoe en sateen eoanie 416 
Semifasclarsier ese en 413 

new species- ---..- 415 

@CincinnuUTnuse esses eee eee me 497 
COCCINecIErONSeess= eee ees 499 

INO ARTIS eee r area dees 498, 499 

new species. -_-_. 497 

TO PLUS ss essa see nen 497, 498, 499 

@inelhidaors snes tees ee Sa eee eae 223 
Cinclusaguabicustaesss==="—ne==saeeeee as 5L 
ASTATIC USO eer ee eae ane 223 
Gashmeriensismecens sas aneane ae 223 

cinclus cashmeriensis -_.__.-_-_- 223: 

Mex CANUS Eanes eee eee R emcee (OS 
Cinnyris:chloropySiaes: =. se. 34 
Chlonop yells ae eee ee 34 
Gyanolesmaiae-o1 ete. anaes 34 
GyanoleemuUs sete eee 34 
johanna. jess senso se eee ot 

ODSCUT Ar eae = see ae hc ae aes 17 
QWSCUEUSF eee ee es ee aes 17 
SOUM=mlaim preire eee eames 246 
SONALI Ms SSRs Boe Bec cou ose 246 


1052 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Cincophylliaeeesss setae a een eee 186,197 | Colpocephalum chrysospheeum ----_-.- 74, 95 
CTC US Eo ee aaa ee relate peer 55 Githusuimys esses eee 74, 86, 
Cinereusi 4.3 oes See eeseeeeer cee 7 91, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98 
GY ANE sos eee eee 218 flavescens -.-..-.---.-- 73,89, 90 
hudsoniusmwasestesees-eosee esos 55, 89 THERMO -Gogec sone ones 74, 98 
maillandie 222 seseoeen ea eeeee 239 funebr.e rs ssseaeeee a 72, 81, 82 
@isticola.cherinasesse==— see nee eeees 245 fuseipes si. eee eee 92, 82 
Cladocheeta nebulosa, new species ----- 263 grandiculum ---.----- 74,95,96 
IMO\7 HOMO os ooce ob cose ecoce 263 lanier oer 72, 81 
Madoconamtre cee Soeees asa ee eee eae eee 188, 192 laticepseeeeaesteeeeeee 72, 86 
COE Ov ASS tee ts ee a te 192 longicaudum ---.------ 73,89 
JOhNSOniees as as ae ese ee LOA OTe OS maculatus =a ees 74, 90 
lineataree. 225) Us sseeee eae. 188, 197 ochirace nin ==s====—==—ee 73, 87 
Clathrospiraiconica oases s-0-4-9-22—=-— Lole6o, osbornigeeeess = -aaseeees 73, 89 
Glemam ys eee eae eee aces 23 ely] anu 80 
Glibananiv se esses esses eee ee 302, 804 peLp anus === eee 71 
eequainilise=<: =e lasassee anes 304 OMA) oeNcodsss cessed = Jey ee 
ALrICANUS! =e neeet ese peeeNOUs O00 DUStolusumys sss 74 
Chibananivisiaeeee epee ree 304, 806 pustilosumyssss=-ee = 91 
Cookie arse ee eens 271 Spineump === =s essa 72, 84 
new species __.------- 304,305 Spinulosumies = ==2--aes 73 
Culbensisimt ass. sees eee 305 var.minor. 73,87 
anelitailse nesses ace ea- sees 304, 805 subeequale .....-.-.--.. 74,93 
sclopetanius=seesseseeeeree 305 subpachygaster_---.-.. 74,91 
Senegalensismesr= se seeeere 304 Gran Ga 73, 88 
Vit CSCENS saa e nee neers 804, 805 WUNCILeTUIMY ee = eI CNOd 
Willgaristics ese ese enya 306 Uni Orme rh sasaee eee 72, 87 
Glinoceras) se es Sa ie seen eee CA’ -Clovhwarnl og CE Ehs ses ocosbestasosceses code il 
@xa SU eee 151,171 | Gomestical=26es == aaa aes 73 
@lisiocampaidisstriasees=sese eee eeeee oe 382 | lidar esses 22 es Sees 63, 66, 67, 77, 89 
Glunaculumyseeecenee ae eee eee U1, 112) palumbus=2saees ete seo eee 67 
@occidsparasitere ees aap eee eee B24 | FONG MUSH, acaconacess wsboebecec 238 
WOCCIMaet soe eee See eee eaeeee = 323 | rupestris pallida -------------- 209, 210 
@occidencyz;tusjensifer == 2-2 --.------ 383 | Suratensis}2 esse sepa eee 210 
new genus ------.-- BEL haxenastss. |) Colltehan ere — pce GScq scones GSadconacescolc 209, 238 
Coccinella 9-notata 222822) 2 25.22 oe ea 378 | Columnaria Sexradiata.---..---.-.------ 194, 197 
GWOCCODLUS ee te eee ee eee eee eee BAZ TOL RA0S | ho layer Coys Na a ee er 235 
diaspidis, new species ------- 408) | Colymbusiancticuse-eesee-- see eee eee 43 
Coccophagus annulipes -.--------------- 384 | CAPECNSIS Hess ys see sae ee ee 235 
Coccophoctonus dactylopii ------------- 37 glacialis cee eee eeeee 43 
new species 375 nigricollis californicus-__.--- 43, 
new genus..-.. ---- 337, 344,375 | 44, 46, 52, 69, 75, 80 
Coccothraustes icterioides.-_..-.-------- 227 | pel Zeolites HAVese ee eee eee 235 
vespertinus montanus. 77,94 | septentrionalis --.-..--.-.--- 43, 60 
CoccyZUSaMeTiCanussaecss essa eee AGO a eC oly pbeanay s-eeee pees eee ee eee 92 
californicus occidentalis -__-. 49 | Costas 851s Eee 69, 92 
erythrophthalmus ---.--.---- 56,91 Commander Islands, contributions to 
Occidentalis =a ssa e a aaeee 91>) thematural-historywotr the: == 2555 -esse 125 
Coslentena ta see e ss ese oan A58e | Comp sescecn se eae a alee 332, 359,406. 
Ofosale never yae ss ee eave am ne eee Sees Nene se 189 | albicoxa: sas yee noes seen 399 
oe ase Siete ee aa 189, 196,197 | albitarsis 22) eco seen 359 
COMIC Sac enscsted sae Iacese 189, 190. | bicolon= {eee nese ne ee ee eee 360 
marylandica _.-..-.-- 190, 196, 197, 198 Cyanea ss. 522-25) ee eee 404 
Gen Oita ee ee ee ny ae ete es aera 301 TUSCAZ Rs he oe tee erceee eee 360 
TUIDESCENS Soe er eae eee 30] ObScruTrat ten ee aera 361 
TUS OSUS sess eras eee eee 301 peckHamis. 3223s see ee seteereee 361 
@oenObitidee ease sera ae eee eee eee eetou scutellataseses-seeees eee 24, 332, 359, 360 
Ceenocencuspse ea eee ene eee 381 SWied Orin seta ene eee 361 
puUncticollishassss = eames carei lie ie Oxohatrete io bald Ms Se dans Sons 182 
Coenosia varicornis, new species ---..-- 256-4) Contopusirichardsonilja=.— sees seea= 93 
Colaptesiaunatus eee eee eee 49, 56, 92 VAT STS pes eee ea ice ee parce 50, 93 
CAPLET eS See ee a at 229 | Conularia trentonensise--so-se-esseeeees 149 
Colaris;leptosomus=a2452 sees se eee 242 | Copibryophila angelica .----...-...----.-- 413 
Colinus virginianus ---.-.-------- 40, 55, 62, 76, 88 new species----- 416 
Colpocephalumieererss eee as eee eee ees 42,71 News SenuUS a see 416 
ANOOWEN ned coe oaae Loe 282) Copidosomas.- os.) oes eee eee OOD ore OOO Roee 
assimile 2222 Sees 72, 86 aNCeUS zsAeae See 364 


INDEX. 10538 

Page. Page. 

Copidosoma boucheanum......--------- 366 | Ctenodonta medialis -............--..--- 161 

Celalenzesees-cs ea neon esa 366 NASWtae sess ase ensues 160 

chalconotusee-eso ee ceee oe 363 MLC Aa ssw see yh oe yee ee 161 

diversicornis.....-..------- 364 ONATLORMMNIS 56565 coasco necane 161 

PMRCCTIN® = sscdssbsecsccseceos 364 Sofie dicey ena eenteee Ean 

filICONMISIeee a eee eee 364 Subnasuta sss anaes 151, 160, 176 

flagellare.---.--------. auece SOtAIMC UCI eases sesnee anes ee ee nese eeeee 27, 240 

Hagellaricies= esse esse: oot CucwlusicernwleUSteesaese asa e eee eee 240 

melechi coe eee aes 366 CANORUS Hei ee eae eee ee 49,56 

intenmedsumyeses seees es == 366 pollocephaluspsssss=—e sees 241 

pallipes)/pesc2 sess soso 380 TOCHTiMese= sees 241 

Dy maliclis eee aseee se oec= 366 TOCHIGI ee eens eee oan ees 241 

trun catel lume ass eeeeee 366 Senecalensiseesssseeeem cee eee ee 27 

(EOE ON sees oe Series aoe SUle Ee Culexqpertunpan Sees aaa ee eee eee 250 

VOU oes See se ewe see BOG Cli cid sare mee ae eta eee eee 250 

VaGierauum snes oes oor Cultelluss#belchenieeesess=sssseene eee ene 108 

Coquillett,D. W., on Dipterous Insects COStALUS ere erates eee ee ones 108, 109 

EPOMeE UCL LOPel CO anes ranean aee 249 STAVANUGH So wete ewes eee eee 108 

Wordclastahna ese eee eee eee 27 TING GIS) eee = once eae ee eee 108, 109 

UOOUP DS aro cobadoaabssoanes ss 241 Sulbsulleatushae essa sete mss sees 108 
WORD CHI d eet een ae ae eee eese 27,241 | Currie, Rolla P., A New Bird of Para- 

(Woracopsisinignapsss=s 225-522 see a= 240 GISie see eee eee Se 497 
Corethrura insularis..-.---.-------.---- 236 | birds collected in Li- 

Cory dec mere te eens eae ee none 228 | beria by. ------ Saree 25 

Corvus americanus-----_---- DOO IMOL NAA Onooel ie OlUnSOi1 CG conse ee eee ne eee ee 25 

GOMER? saad noged dooeen coLcoo see 74,228 | Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis-.-........ 51,57, 93 

SiInatUSesep eases E OO Aon eolellin Oy. clomeboparereces assem eeaes eee eee 272, 282 

QORMUES — soso Soansne sascsN Sose BaN6 78 | Cycloneda sanguinea-.....-._--.-------- 378 

CORON Ci ae ee eee Nee te Ota EUS: Ms Ohya eee aos Sle ee Se 62 

(HAUG MbIS Ke oa anes oStaboo ses eos 74, 22 ie wal @ kia = ete Sete eerevas 45 

Corythaix macrorhynchus ----.. Laeeah 27 CaANACeNSIS sees ne eae 65 

Corythornis cristata _.-..--.---.'.--.---- 242 TPUSICUS MSS sae a ee nee sees 45, 65 

Cristatustees see epee eee 242 ClO Sse tee a oe ee 65 

Cossyphajshanpele ss seseee sae PAUL Chana s Gea xO osu ocaceasebo soos eacaoSKeaS 366 

GOWNS cs255 se6b Shodes doce doasmoescaDecass 220 | @ynipsillum) infidume 22-2. 22-2222 5524--- 360 

Cotywlewipanriaiasss-asose-e nen ase oacen= 51) Cy phaspis frobisheri=-5- 222 =2-2-------- 150 

Couayesenulenennnssnes nena sees ae eeae CAO Ong Cre odes Se caos cosaoeorseconaseuacd 2 

TREN VIOENPON Boo oe oeae cea uaedoS ZAD In @ypselusapUSee sees -ccnseeee eee sees 51,71 

Couroucoulnaninaens-.---ss-sss22 2-225 Lady rbOCENAS as-cesesmeee een a esas canes 171 

(ChanmexoniGles) oS ocese5 peace nodes Tbo6 Bae 274, 311 bafiinensiske== sss 177 

Cramton ee el Ee See ioe 400 new species----- 151,171 

@nabenopideermens sss soon ee eesseeeeee = 220 Cornultmieeseeese eee 172, 177 

Crayfish, new species of_--.-..---------- 121 new species---.-- 170,171 

(WrepipORas ee see ee ee eee oS 151, 156 ORS UUM ee ea ee a ileal 

Crexe pull Chia cas eee nese es tees 26 manitobense ..------ 150, 151, 170,171 

Oriniger eee esis sees Seon ee 14 30H Cyr tocenatid cess sees as saee eee eee 170 

SUL GUN AlIS yee seee eam ae 3208 | Oyrtodontaratimi sees eee ene nae 162 

ASUNET CTE SSG ene eee ee ee 320 billing sit= sis wane ee ee 162 

sordidus, new species ---.-.-__- 320 olbberaeeee see eeee 151, 162, 163, 177 

Croniuspmillle rile eae eee 291 TONED EU ee a gS a een 162 

TU DER Ge Gos Seeees Se os eee 291 hUrOnensis=-— see aaa ee 162 

(Crossley aa ase ae a ee Seat ear iee 244 ATV aeee eee ae ere ee 162 

SHOU AGO) BATS oe oA oo ee 244 sillimanensis: ces. se eee iUpres 

Crotophaga sulcirostris _.-....--....---- 64,91 new species- 151, 162 

@rnustaceasa sees me bewse eee ea 173 Subcarinatape-se-eea eee 162 

Crustaceans of West Africa __...-.----- Qlalie @yntod ontidser ses ee eae eee ee 162 

Crymtocrinidce sss 22-2 a pte soe TES |) ChyASWONG Oe) Sado ooo Sesedseeaaesbescnae cos 155 

Crytodonta affinis var. fillmorensis __-- 1620 MDactylopiusp sss ss=see eee 357, 376, 384, 387, 405 

Ctenodonta albertina _.....-.....-...-.- 161 adonicdumrssess eee e eae 359 

balfhinvensSiSiessess seen 176 Clit pies mee ee a eee 249, 252, 269 

new species -... 151,161 destructor =tee4aa- = 303, 400, 406 

Canina tae eee 161 ephiedince eres se ae ae eee 410 

carpenderieee aes 176 WERENT saaead beads Soon bose 385 

new species.-.. 151,160 VWirgatuseess nen sass anene 373,388 

cuneiformis esses 1GOBISDafilaiacutasseesess ease eee aa 45,70, 71, 85 
frobisherensis---... .-----_- 176 | Dall, William H., on the Solenide of 

bew species. 151,161 North America and the Antilles ----- 107 


1054 INDEX. 
Page Page. 

Dalmanellay 3-2 eae be Se eee ae eee 156: Didg@ene see ssrjso2 os. eee een ee eee 302, 306 
testudinaria-sseeessseee 150, 151, 156 DReVROStES eee 306, 3807 
Dalmanites eboraceus. .----.---.-.------ 174 denticn lapis === see eee 306, 307 
EO CCKEICKS oo poco cece oka ese= 176 [OHOVSAUIEHRORS sosacccoconcs Ee a et 206 
new species. ---- 151,174 var. gracilimana -_- 306 
Danay Intrawest ona ae eee meee 182, 183 var. intermedia ---- 307 
Dasycephala syndactyla -.-.-.---- .----- 31 RVDEs ONANID costes cose 306 
Dens ainiyallless Ewe) peepee eee eet 182 VaTIANS 5-25 eee ee eee 206 
Decapod crustaceans of West Africa -- a0 var. gracilimana ----- 306 
Devwamanrckar qs wee Ate see eae aaa eee 182 Waies OWN coco ce aceee 306 
Deli cla @ mies eee ee aie et ee ee eae 22 Diomedea albatrus_.._.--.. 54,59, 64, 65, 72, 75, 82 
Cashimeriensis=sseeepee ee 227 floret nya Uns ee 59, 65, 83 
mMepalensisyysseeessee eee eee 22 chillororhynchaes esses eeeee 60 
Meltocyabhiuis's: otc. j shes eee ea eee 202 exulansse2 ieee oes 59, 60, 64, 65, 83 
SIS) 1 Co Le ee sea a a ae eee 483 melanop hisses == 59 
Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus_-.-. 63,88 NISTIPCS s28s 5555 se eee ees 59, 65, 82 
richardson ---- 889) Diphyphyllumeeees sees Dis Nt 175 
Dendrocygna arborea .-.---.----------- 45,71 | Diplograptus dentatus.____--------.---- 149 
Dendroicarsestivaeas= ssa see BIE bY Gsh (eh wls) ||) IDrholkosns) Co@owlarrbionl <5 oon eos ee 249 
VAC OL las ete Seats ae es 74,98 | Dipsastreea hirtolamellata.__.....----- 190, 197 
IDendromuse ase tes see eee nee ees 14 | Dipterous insects from Porto Rico_-___- 249 
CAT Oli tence eetetee at Wr Cl meet 29,30 | Discocerina leucoprocta -..... --...----- 261 
arizelus, new subspe- PARA! soos soe See eee 261 
Gles ieee aioe oe a ee 29) (Discodies: £2 uses iees 3 ee 376 
eLMSGUS ase e eee 1G 9D oCophorus yess eee ee 41, 43, 45 
joy oaut BNE ae 14 acutipectus === ==--eeeeees 43, 80 
Dendromys ese hoses ate ae eee 14 AGUSbUS S22 sses es ee 45 
Dendropicus xantholophus-----_-_------ 13 agelali:. 2-230 eee 50, 94 
Den drornis ieee sae ae ot a pee eae 317 aliens) ..225:527-2e7 Sees 49, 92 
anew bird of the genus ---- 317 abi COLOR ee eee ee 43,80, 81 
Alavi gasteryiss: =e yaaa: 317 bassa nce! 2s) 2 oss Seas eee Oe 
striatigularis, new species- 317 ibisignatulsSessesseessa aes 46, 86 
Depressaria nervosa. -------------------- 364 brevimaculatus.--.------.. 45 
Desmometopa halteralis, new species -- 267 brunneiceps __-.---.------- 45 
Desmophydlum sss ees eee eee 184 | ibulbonis|=aeeses eee 48, 91 
AN PENS Hee ery seme 184 buteonisics) 2 eee 47,90, 92 
SWalllll C Oxeleeey eeeeee 184, 197, 198 californiensis —. 032-2222 = 49,91 
Dexid'so322- eee ee Seen re eS fa ae ae a 254 GCalvust ecco 2345 eee 43, 81 
Diagnosis of Dinolestes lewini.---...---- 116 Canuti: $22.22 sseese eee 46 
Diallagma, new genus-----------2.=----- 453 ceblebrachyStees-- sees eeee 48,91 
Tarte ae seve Sie ele aa ce 414 COCCI SIE Sah ee uN aes eine 49, 91 
i new species --__--.-.-- 483 Colyambinu's\e=se 2 === see 43, 80 
Diaphorophyia castanea .---.------.---- 16 COnAM UNIS seers ses e eee 50, 92, 
Diaspis ostrezeformis._._.......------_-- 409 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 
MOSES crs See eee Se gs lee ee 355, 408, 409 COMM DATE ease eee ee 50, 94 
Dicelloceras rufescens _...-.-...-------- 354 Cordiceps sees eas eee 46, 87,88 
Dicelloce rus eee oe Oe aoe Se ae eu ee 335, 368 COPVI ¢ 22. 2s2ccee eee 50, 93 
VID TATIG Ae cee ne ae ee eters 369 CUPSOL_<h2h2 eo eee eee 48,90, 91 
ID Ker obi ei 6 bre) ea eee eee a See ee eepe 18, 35, 247 cyenil = See 45, 86 
DICHURUS AtripenniShe sees sea ae ee ae nee , 36 Cistinebuseeessas= eens 50, 93 
COTA CLUS ae ee a ee 36 | domesticuss==2== === 51,96 
MIMO CStUSH aa eee eee es 18,36 eVapansat: Sieh nese 49,91 
AUACGUS ease eee eee 18 @XCISUS. 2224 See eee 51,97 
new sub- Wes TOME KOWP = 2+ = 51,97 
species ___ 35 Ril iNOS See aoe eee 47,58 
modestus ..._--.-..- 35 fusco-ventralis ___.__..--.. 50,92, 93 
DINOCATSIS ees See eee a ODOR OL ONO LO NoSlmSDS. LUISTROT IONS eee 46, 87 
TOUWUKANE OS oo abesescesucscnes 354 STAVACODS =a e eee eae 43, 80, 87 
PhiyridopteryolSa--ee sess 353 Nalietige = Aae. Sexe tain ;-. 48,90 
IDINOLESECS ie See yee eee Sol 113, 114, 115, 116 longhorn e oe otek | LOS 
Ie ft Aasotoe Secon obcooe JNBy TING, 220) UOMO EE acnss Sceces Heooee 45, 85, 86 
morlile rite as aes see nae 113,116 incisuS|)so sss 506 See 52, 97,99 
Dinorthis meedsi ___...-.---.---..--- 151, 157, 158 INSOlituS seers een 43, 80 
ATC UCase aaa eee 150, 176 JUMPS le Hass jew Eee 49, 92 
_hew variety-- 151, 157 Jansensis!2226 23 oso 43,80 
PLOaV tay eee eee 158 Vai. 6 poo ae eee ALES ORGIES? 
Subquadnata ses ces as eee 158 laviCeps23-2 Ga-e te etee eee 51 


INDEX. 1055 
Page. Page 
Docophorus laticeps, var. americanus... 51,98 | Ectroma americanum __..__.-.-_-..__.__ 353 
Vain ON Stee ee 49,91 GUNMEN SC rae ae sa ere ie 353 
melanocephalus ___.__----. 44,81, 82 EUIVESCEN Sean ty Coen ae 355 
minuto-trabeculatus ------ 46, 87 MACERENS Cys =e see eee 353 
TMP. Gt See eee 50, 95 TOA ifs anereUby anek a ee eee 354 
ATTUTTSTLS Eero Se mere Oe 52, 98 TCA LEDs Anais Baa ea) ee ee 354 
TMAOINAOIRENM sce seca aadads 43, 80, 81 TUL Ae ea ion aint Lee ean 354 
THERE VOMWNND  seissng sodsoebasS 45 TSU TTI eee a ee en ea 354 
Ocerdemballi shea =sese eae 44, 83, 85 ETSUT LTS Pe eteees erate share an an Cne 354 
JOAN AIMCTSIS ee eeee ee eee O19 ||) IselROMa aN. eat SGces Socona ea seaee 327, 348, 349 
DEREUSUS ee eee AGTSORSGs Ove Ed ollusitonrficabusp= sss eee see eke OAT 
TAPAS ooh soc e each Sass Ade 84 RSet ba albae eens eee eee ee ee G1 
fale tu Spas see eben cent aes Ai D0 eH hrenberos: C= Geese ee 182 
pDlALYySLOMUS = sees eee 47,89,90 | Elainea subpagana —_.....-.........__-- 70, 74, 93 
TOTO CEU ae oes rn em ee era 45 Ole tlanoldes fori catuss=ns= sees aaa aaaeee 73, 89 
quadraticepsi== ss eeeeee AGUS (pl Er lanUS eyes se ry eens nae eas erable Ble Pie Deon 89 
GUISGATIRs aa es he eee ee = 50, 94 UCU Saar NO MASO) 
TRO TEED IS a es = ee ne ee 48,90 | Elasmocerus terminatus._______.___- Bee 380 
TUES pene eons meee 4 OR OOM EMI SIA ty jol Caeser sense eta a sen ae 244 
TRAP SION SEES oe he ne ete te 52, Os} ||) IDeA] QSIAVAD, CHE) 23 554 c sees sense sedate 224 
Sialie yep n ee eee a 52,99 | Sbrachie yiieaeeayen a eee nee 224 
SINC WaT Sees =a 49, 91 leweocephalospen se=nene sees 224 
Speo by bisa cease eae 48, 90, 91 DULViED Sty ere a= eee he 50 
Sphenophorusiess==ss-e ee AES 8 Gee EET DIT OT Spo eet 183 
Ssuperciliosus==--- see =) = AH OIG TINA 1 BOs Rar aete eae ey ane eee EY a Ch 251 
SW APMUUL oo oho ceeeoccescesns CECI) || IBreaponohoyer psc ClbaOUNIS eA ea 51, 57, 69, 93 
taurocephalus -.--....-.--. 47,90 INS WH COlayeee === eee 230 
testudinarius.- 2.4225. 2-- 47,88 | Endoceras proteiforme ________._..____- 146, 149 
PLANS POSILUS eee eee OOF |) UOGIOCORABIOES) ce ceescecsecece acs oanencaos 169 
Validisss=ss=—-" Ble a ee 44S 83 OE NCrYbUS i SChICANS =p aa aes eee 389, 390 
WEP OWNS 5) oi Ons cee dede 46 | SCTICC TSE ees ees eee en eae eee 389, 390 
Dolichonyxs OLnyZly. OGUS)=-44- 544-28 CS, G83 || TMC VHC Ea 5 5 sae Ao ee Senso en wonon 328, 324 
DO ChOpOGIG de sesame nese ee Ca |) IBKeNAP CEM ox a5 back ak onees Sete obanooce 324 
ID Ove aneatny 5 Ue eed Renee ee eee ee BS ial Bek Cyr: Gi age serra ere eae 326 
ID ORI MWe Es eesee ease ee ees See saye eat Pa) | DOONAN BUNS) 5555 oe os oeoaecaneeue Scee 324, 327, 348 
ENTRY OY ec en a ah ee 299 on the genera of the Chalcid- 
ID Yonah ay ov KG ks) he atk ee ee eee ee 278, 299 flies belonging to the sub- 
WD OTs OM pete ee ae eee eo 21 family, by William H. Ash- 
WD OVO CSB te se ras= Seen ane oe eeme are 482 Mea Gis sss oe mace neta nes 323 
DAO LiSeseeer meters npr ee Seely ae SO |) TBA OC AA Sheaese Sota a eooes ojoRG 327, 332, 359 
Dromeocercus brunneus-.-........---- 2414 SHIN GyiP COL de ae eae eee 324, 325 
ID ROMAIB, 35 cas setae Eee seem ear a eeae SOOM En ey ntuskes-s- ss. 324, 326, 332, 335, 359, 368, 381, 406 
Haut ey,@ kal S70 UC) ete ee 300 CeneUSe ss eee ee ae ee eect eae 376 
SPUMUUOS tr Spee eee eee 300 COS biVUS See eae ee eae 390, 392 
VALLI ATS mes ee atc ORE Datee naw 300 allbicoxatye= sem seen eee pees 359 
ID ROP ee) eso ote esa ee See Se Sess eaeee 273, 300 allbitarsish]2= ss aase eee espe. 359 
Drosophila fusca, new species .__._____. 264 ANAS Reema ee eerie ee sao 382 
PUTO PISS Asse ee a eee 264 ANCE US See eee sacar ae sean 364 
Walbba tases sees eee en aes 264 aphidiphagusmeessaseeesesees = 398, 399 
ID TOSOp hil deepen eee ee eee 262 ep Li CliviOrs U1 Si eee eee 399 
DryAN O1caTChe rin ass eee eee es 245 apicalisheee tse eeeseeess 383, 384 
Dryobatesimuttallli 2s. 2222s 2c eee 49,91 Arlen tipes tse. hese ese 401 
UIDES Cen Sasa eee sae een ONO ALTA CC eae ee eece oe eee 397 
gairdneri --__-_.- el ethia@als hee eee eee ee eee ee 399 
WillosuS mate see ne esse eee 49,91 atheas= 2 ee seek eee 366 
IDrvoOlimmnaskeuivle less. cee eee 236 atricollisme= sei eee ean rene 394, 395 
IDTVOSCOPUS Bera sees ene Seno a eee 18 bbaleuse as fsa tee Sees ne soee 302 
leucorhynchus —--_---=_2.._ 18 DIC OLOM Aes ea eee 360 
Dryotriorchis spectabilis --.._..--..-.-. 25, 26 holush= 2s. eee eee nee nese 393 
aa Ga Me ee ee a ae he 183 bucculatricisi---— 225 seas ae= 395 
1 DOPE WH Sea ae sea ee A 298 Cecidomyise: ==: -=-2 252-2 2+5--- 374, 396 
aTinises ease ese Pee 298 cedrenus: . is. sue ssn 392 
tuberculata:<=--+ 2:2: <-222:22 22: 298 chalconotustess-e ee sae eee eee 361 
Echinometra subangularis.__.___._2.... 301 chaleostomus/=22 222 sso es 390 
HMehthroplexis —_ = 2.222222 22lceece 338, 345, 381 chionaspidis!.2--2-.----2 --<-+- 401, 402 
hintuse-e sae sry eee 381 Chiloninus eee ese eee eee 367 
Ectroma 2:22 -2.2-22--- = 22 5 == 828, 329, 331, 353 clavellatus=-.-2<--=~22¢sus--= 396 


1056 INDEX. 
Page Page 

Eneyrtusiclayicorni Stes epee aes eae 371 | Encyrtus planchonie .--.--------------- 402 
ClOON ese 2a sees ee ee 392 Diaby. Cents es eae a ee 369 
Clisiocampeeiees- eee es ee eee eee 381, 382 PUNCH CE DS Mensa eee eens 379, 388 
Contormi Staessen sess eee 376 py ralidisi = ees eee eee 366 
coniferse ieee seeee eae 367 Guadnicolor ees sees Se 406 
COMVE XUS hee eee ae ee 381 Tater. aise lathes we ees 354 
COLNIP Oran cae eee eee 404 TOLUNG LEON Seas ae eae 395 
CRASSUS fesse eo aeeoeseeee aoe 406 SChIZONeUZ = ane eae 399 
cyanocephalus.-.....-..------- 395 Sscutellanises sss eae 326, 360, 361 
Galliavamicest =: 225 228: ater ane 403 Scutellatuse= === ee 360 
dendripennis)s22.2s5=-ea--s——— 404 SeGriConiSs see eee 363 
Ga Ghiuisasoee ee Oe ree 364 siphonophore __..-.---------- 399 
Gulbiosus 5: :5522. 2 ee eee 394 Solusi223 a Se ees 381 
Guibiuisi == eee eee 3o4 SO1. GGUS seen ee 397 
embryophasusts2s5-2-sss—=5— 382 Strigosusipss se — eee eeeeoeee 352 
ensifer 22: sesn ecco k Gere ete 383, SUC pRA GUS ieee 392 
fasclpenniSi=sse esses eee 391 Sublestus es == aaa 393 
MMNCOO VS osc sac soscaoeassasecs 364 Subplanusi=== === ae 379 
MacCeUSie pepe eeresneer ee serene 380 SWeCerl Se2ic 22 ee eee eee 361 
flagellanis meester caer etree eee ob4 Sy lwawS oo2 Soe ee eee 390, 393 
Haminiwseess sees aeeeeee 37 tacha ch cee 393 
TEAOINANS sa sccocoamanpece eons 398 targus 32322 sae eee 382 
AavAlSieSosteas eos eee eae 391 teculanis 23S eee 364 
WU AIBACINGS sodas scecaaccoe sece 386 tessellatus\s*e2352 see eee 393 
LUSCar ese Aes ese ses eee ee 360 beStacelpesi === eee eee 395 
FUSCICOMISHs==seeeeeeeee eee 394, 395 TES HACE US hae ee Setters 407 
PUSCICORMISHseee emer eee 394 thykeod onbiSm === === aaa 396, 397 
elaphiyralse sae ee eee 363 tilianis)2 2332 eee 367 
Sarearises-se secre eco ee= 382 trIOZI phasis Sa === eee 383 
Castrome ns ee ewe Aen 391 truncatellum===se= esas 366 
hederaceusieees eee eee eee 386 trun caitellus!= eee 366 
hemp terse eee eeee 303 arn e252 aes eee 367 
GUIS a are Sees a a? 381 Vectius2s: 222s ee eee 398 
MIStICOTMIS esse eee 361 Vibrans) 5-3 522 ee geeenere 369 
WVebbusi Sse ee ese eas eas 379 Vitisioc. Se Soe es eee 361 
inepttus sc suet se he eee 400 WebStertacel ise ese 400 
seal OKO Fb fa) ages gs ek SS a aS) I es 326, 360 AN VONADINUS) pasascsossoscos cece 393 
THAVOTOVEM MOLE 2G ssesaisoceus ces oes 406 zetterstedil. == 225-22 ee sae 404 
interpunctuses2-- = sees 391 | Eniconetta stelleri -.---.-.---..-.-----.- 61, 85 
johnson cea oa See ee Sisk) || ID KADO OES Soo ses sooseasaeokscouess ee, 220 
JUG EUS We Ae ee ee creas 408) | bnicurusmacuilatuss. 222-5 s5e== == 229 
lachnii sei see keeeeeeee eee 399) Wnsatellavecs oe coe es eee 107 
LE CAMIOT UTIs aera ae eee SOOM INSIS 22 cee ne seemless Seas aa ee eee ent OSG) 
lichtensizes sees see eee eee 392 americana se. S255 ae ee 107 
IAW N is ee ee es ee eae ons 367 califonnicCusise=— = eae 108, 110 
Lis HeEAee ae ee eee Ss ae eee 354 new species -_-------- 110 
Jon gicornniSsess see eeaares 352, 361, 362 directus:2.-24. = ae 107, 108, 110 
var. ventralis __-. 352 @nsiS\ 325-2 -se. oe eee 108, 110 

IWNaAtUS sae eee ee 361, 392 IMIAQ TUS eon oe a ee eee eee Oepl OS eel 
IMACROCET AR REE tease a eee eee 368 IMINO? 2) Sse See ee eee 108, 109, 110 
MOS ONTO Ne aegis ceaoe eRe 309m SH MteG oninee sas eee ee eee eee 320 
TOM EROON = ee San seoncsabe cease 396,000 | | phy Grid conse sseee = = eee eee ee eee 209 
mesograpt ..-.---..--------- 397098 | Py DleENGYy Rb Sess ae see eee 368, 397, 598 
minrabilicornisie= sss s=ssse ses 403 artacer: eno eee 397 
Mitratuslessssoe sesso eee 367 melanacisea==—e == Se 397 
IMAIUCKE US ase se ne NS eae ae 363 Ne wASenusee === seas 340, 346, 396 
MOGeELAGUS meses reE see eee eee 398 SOLdiduS => see eee eee eee 397 
ANOMtLOMUS eee eee 392 thyreodontis ----.._------- 397 
MOTI ORes tee see RCILe rAd RE 333, 362 | Epimachus magnificus ----.------------- 78 
MTG OIS seas ages ee 3967s hipixanthusesspesss=es- ss ee 286, 289 
notodomntbze sees eens eco see 382 Helleri. 25-232 -e eee 289 
NUD pennismessese ese eee 403 | Erethizon dorsatum -------------------- 68, 99 
ObSC Ua ee aa sera ee Sola METI CyiGnuUSmessese eee eee 328, 331, 349, 351, 355 
ODSCULTS 220 Se sae Se aaa 361 eemnestusas 2 see eae 352 
OVAWLOR UT yee ee 382 eeneiventris ._..-..-.....--... 301 
pachy,psyillcoe a eee eee 382, 383 CRRYSCUS a see eee 302 
DUS ec See se Te ae eek UE eB AIS Sorel net 407 lathiusculusteceesseenese eee 352 


INDEX. 1057 
Page. | Page. 
Hricydnus longicornis_.-.-.-.---.-.------ 302 | Eurystomites plicatus' --.2-..2---..2---. 151,173 
maculipennisi==se=as peas =a— 349,350 | Eurystomus afra ........-. ..-.-.-..----- 27 
Mecalarusee acres see 302 SAU CULIG saa eee en eee 241 
paladanuSt ss ae ea esene ee 352 SULATISE eters Meneses 27 
APE UTULTeTs Cl es een ay ea ee ey eee 302 | EU yib © I ee ee Seemann eg Ae as 347 
SHRIMOSUS asm eee eee te SB || JD WSC. ce sss seescnessetescerac 325, 331, 353 
VieTULN alist e tes ses an cme ees SOCEM SOI OMe nee ae ee ee 341, 347, 404 
REM OLOPUS sees see eee See on oe 282, 285 | lonsipennisiss= see eae saene 404 
SPINOSUS eee eee = Zo M MERUCe US TS Gian oe ase ee een Ce 326, 378 
BEriococeus rhodomyrti -----.----_------ LOZMExestarapiGalicn= ae hue san se 258 
Erismatura rubida._..__-...---.- 45, 46, 62,70, 86 | Spolia tame sass ne eee tN 258 
ETS blistellolerOnS eases — ese es -isomae se 253 Sbigmatias=s-e= eee ese eeets aes 258 
WHIACUOMUNID, Sse ndo cescooeassoeses 252 CHO pS eae ee ere ee eee oi 257 
TBR: 55s ea ee ne el Sys le Hal COR: Lett See eae ye aeons ye eee 55 
Ikan alah; see Oe eee Re 113, 116 allipi cil aaa eas tse eee ele eae 212 
TER EL AVIS cee ch es ae a et er 299 GYAN CUS y= eee ree ee Ue ee 218 
TMAS CAL OM Cie ee at seen ee een 299 HANTS ACH aco asa sansa Saodccos 210 
ECO lin aeeeaee ee eee Sees anos oe eee eS 101, 102 Tab NGYONO SOee ae Ae ee tee ioe near eae 239 
INO WEMNS po Soaseasensosesees 101, 102 TAS WISH See ease aerials 217 
MESO Tie ee ee re eae ee eee 101, 102 (OIG APNG) So eee Se see eusueeeaaece 73, 211 
Sbylobatapeaereeceees as ee aes 101 PYPERHUNON Saas aban ooeseos 55, 90 
NE COMM Y SMe te eee rane sees 332, 009 sparverius deserticola._-.-----... 90 
DLC OR Ags eee oe eee oe cee 309 peninsularis --__.-.... 55, 90 
albbitarsish eesti teens enone 359 Gimme Gulu Sse ee eeee eee 69 
le GaiaOrtbin =5-— sesso soesecs 360 ZOTMVC ViTs Sean ae ae en es 238 
ODSCUTAMM Eee seer te wees SIGs Hal Cont dae i ae eee 26, 210, 238 
OSC UIA Sen ere ae eee = SOUE | SHaviOSltCS see eae eee weeny ta 175 
SCube lla tae neater S608 PHiorini a Saprosinas sas ses ene eee 403 
; SWC Cite cee tae eke etapa 361 | Fishes of the Suborder Percesoces --_-.. 1 
Buh ybussubjectuss2-2 ----2-5-2--------- 251 | Foudia madagascariensis .--..---..-.--- 246 
TEDL ON ai URS) eS SS ee Se Oe espe 3825 | Francolinus ahantensis ----....--.=----- 26 
TTC Sala UG eee ee eee emete es GOS A SCTIATE case ese. oe Sele ee en ee eee 19 
HMimemaropbinSiss sss. a eeee ene 151, 167 ochreata.--.-- ei Re Ad 19, 37 
SUM Shee ea Sere es Se eee 167 prosphora, new species ----_---- 37 
THING MAI ORNGES sas aaeo sa Sace one seseceosne AG Gl evn era bee ek cy Ul cays ee ee 61, 72, 76, 84 
[BITC RNSRWEAUIS) | C SabsosaSeSeseoeA Beaman ROrE 303 MINOR sees == SeeoeEsoanessscone 61 

ERNIE AUIS aoe coos bose eosoS 303 | Fresh-water Mussels, Synopsis of the 

THaYSN aos = Nea es er 304 Naiades, or Pearly, by Charles Torrey 
DUSuUlat Us eee ses eae seas 303 Simpsons am ose easier een eames 501 
Sculptimanisiess=ne see Ole Ein cillajaltaica=saesene. =a 225 
trianomlarishesssecerestesaee 304 carduelighsn Bese ee fs) 
Eupaleemon paucidens --.-..-----.------ 315 IMell pod ages! cee eee 17 
EAN OPCUS peewee nae Nee eee es 286, 287 IYO Melfi ull eye ee ee 225 
ahr] CANULS eee are 28a ehrineilllaudasordid dessert eae 225 
BL UpelMmin soy setae ee ee eae Ges) Spe ria. i avemavestl hoe) on ance ease cemoscesscocce 224 
Hupelmus rufescens. -2..---2-. ----.22:.- 353, 304 | Frobisher Bay, geology of ---...--.----- 144 
‘ TULUS eo eee eae te ee Gil: || IniaoranertHalls 1B ID 3 55 sso sso ses Boece ose 183 
Euphorocera claripennis----.-.---.------ 253 | Fulica americana-------- 43, 46, 62, 65, 66, 69, 75, 87 
Eupithecia absynthiata ------..--------- 367 UL Teeter pases apd eres Ses ace Mins eae 46, 65, 69 
lariciatajes-. ss262=2s ce enes 56 Aopen | all aie a eee ee eye eee 52 
Oblone ata esos nee eee 364 DSH Tb 0G cepa es epee ae eee Pe 45 
pimpinellataes=--e-seeessees 364 TaaveW gil Rhee ae ery 5 45 
SuUccentuUnIataee see) eee 364 | Fulmarus glacialis glupischa ----..----- 44, 
BT PLOCAMUUSICUVACI = ses aaan ae ase eee ane Ut 52, 59, 65, 71, 75, 83 
IDRIS “oe aseeces SSeS ee eeeese ees aereaas 30 TOU LETS essa eee 83 
labiOStriseas seer ee ae eee 15 rodgersii -... 44,59, 65,71, 73 
Ne WeSeCNUS 2225-55522 soee sees by MEUSISpinaniMt atageeses sess eaeee = aeons 151 
WAGEN Str See see oS ee ee ees 15,31 TNO DUIS sae a ere hepa her che oe Ao 151, 168 
UTE yMeELOPUSH=ss0 eee enn e ese eee AQ Gdns EMU SUS secon cases es oe wen cmon aoe nek 140 
DTEVASEe ee eces eae See ee 64, 82, 83 WaT TON Giles eee eee ere oes 140 
bAUTUSE Sosa coe cece esas (Bb | (CaCl 523 soa ooo SeaaeseeOossesoosansaesas 2 
IBIAPY Tel OO ORY TUS = Soe sanaeesabeaa coos 336, 343, 874 | Galachrysia marchei --...---..-.-------- 25 
Schwanrzise: 22-2 -enceres 374.) Galactochrysea marehit 2-222. 222 222. 20 
UT SCADUS ee sere see eee eee eee 335,368 | Galeascoptes carolinensis--.------.------ 58, 98 
PlabyCerUspesacs saa eae 369 | Gallinago solitaria -..--.--..- ee se 207 
Saltator ees one ee ee eee Son Gallinularchloropussssss-eces-eeee teens 65, 236 

Proce. N. M. vol. xxii 67 


1058 INDEX. 
Page. ; Page. 

Gallinula chloropus pyrrhorrhoa -.-...- 236. NG ONLOPSISts. 0. Sena eae ee ne eee ee ee 277, 278 
hema tOpusy aes eseeee eee 65 Crulenata sees see eee ee * 278 
OLIentalige ners - sane aeee ase 65 CRUGMIIWIE) so nscoseconbecase 278 
TONAM A NGPA NOEY sy oocoeaonae soln 2800 (AG OnLOSOMA Mil ere ie = eee en 291 
Gallusidomesticustern see ees eeeee tee Soe aGaramamnyS1i Geo eee ee ee 163 
gallus: Stee ese s ele ee eee 73,89 | Grapside _--.--- Se laste Se ee eee eee 272, 2h 
Gammarus soe ee eee eens ee 128 \\ (Grapsuseee fase aie ee aa eee 277, 278 
Gane, Henry Stewart, on some Neocene CRuUlentatUS etapa anaes eee 278 
corals of United States ......-..----.-- 179, 183 STAPSUSh lA kaos eee eee 21,278 
nGanzettaycalzett aan eee eae 237 elites es Nace re ee at es 278 
Gastropoda seer aeeie eee 164 Simplexyu sss Sas aus eae cele 279 
Gaurax lancifer, new species. ---------- ZOOM LG La Calusicinereusss 2 se === == === aeaeae 247 
Gebiashutcattare 222-2 22 eee nee eae S09 Gaustammernicandyes===seeee eae eee 72, 86 
Gecanrcinidse 222 eee saeco see eens nud |) (ENE MEH EMO oe ecccmsceot dase Ssaes5 eecsae 46, 86 
GeCarcinws) see ae eee oe eee a eee PAG, Ue |) (Envahr ony COMrIER) oo eas cote Socbes Sheses 57 
LEECH HOMIE) socoss osanccacsoses 277 | Curhynchas=e= =e saan 51, 96 
TUPI Classe as eee ee eae PAC || (Gnvaaaha@) on Keoo) GAIN ALIS s == 6 seas See eee ek 13 
Gecinusisquamatuspesss see ees ere eee 212,218 pelle caste lke eee ee 13 
Gelasimus cimatodus <2. --- .21.-2-- 2222. Z1On NG. peebos batbabus) 22s esa =e eee 73 
IMO TCA A ee See ete ZiGs | CG yRopus|: aes a eee eee 42,79 
perlatuses2- hiss yee Se seee 276 STACIISI See eae eer 79, 100 
tanger) Sissy Uae aes 276 OV alls). Jes co 22 See ae eee 79, 100 
Gelechia Sr eee ee eee 3625 GypsihimalalyenSis-=- ese ese eee 210 
gallee-solidaginis-._-_.--.--.--- SOOM ella ol euel 1G Ojval Cl Aree eee 58, 96 
galloe-asterella_-..__.-_.------- 366 melanocephalajasssss5== === ese== 51, 96 
pseudacaciellays-sseeseeeeseer SOM pela ROlepIS esse eee eee eee 341, 347, 359, 403 
Geocichlayhorsfiel dieses seas ee eee 319 cyanea: 2222.2 a aan 404 
IMEST ONES hae A eee ee 319 dalmani2222 2eee eee 403, 404 
Geometraicalianiagesss: snes een- aeeeeee 364 Nulbilipennist==s22—-==s=s === 403 
STU TC evs eae eee een 364 ZOLLCEESte Calas sane 404 
STM UMA aes pe eee ae a 364) Habrolepoid cass=sssse> eee anaes 829, 332, 341, 357 
Geomyda key aes See eee seeea eee cee 23 Sawa; sj2.62e eee 357 
Geomys bursariusesss ss heesseeseeeaas 68,99 | Habrolepopteryx, new genus.---.------ 330, 309 
Geomiyzidee sso ee ees eee ee eae 264 pulchripennis ----.-- 359 
Geothelphusatasse sees eae eee 2825284 |" Haden sos 352bssoas scone cece aise eee ee 471 
IMACTODUS Esa ea eet ee aa 284 clHaractal 2223) 222 eee 469 
Geranomyia rufescens ---..-.---.------- 250 diviersicolorses == ese eee 470 
Giebelia: sar se eT eos ie Ea ee 41, 64, 79 EPONS a 85. Sys S ae ere 468 
iON MOIS) Schoo seeooconece 64, 82, 83, 84 jOCASta, 2. 2.2 L2s eeu seaeeaee eee 414 
Glareola;marcheieess—2-= sees eee eee 25 new species --_---------- 470 
Glaucotho._.--.------ (AE Lea ee ele eee) 302, 3807 Jewucoscelis! 2... uses oe eee 471 
carina tare. ee eee 307 luteocinerea elas eee Al4 
Glyphastreca tonbesim snes see neeeseeeee 194, 197 new species ------ 468 
sexnadiata esos 25s 194, 197 IMactatas elo 2. ssaseee eee even 
Glyptoxatnit busy yee eee one 285, 288 modiea) sos hs sees eee 469 
vermiculatus --_..-....-- 288 mustelina 22'.2- 22 ese eee 414 
(ENOL Wi es es is meses sea aaa eer ec Se ee dete oe 99 new species -.---.--- 469 
(GONDII eo ie ale AG el eat es Uap Se 113 polyodom. 222222522 eee 367 
Gioldifuss:7Ava cus eee cs ee ae 182 tapetal_-s2) 2 ee eee 414 
Gomphoceras he eens eee eee eeee 172 new species ------------- 467 
Gpdhomhoany Sosy ssaocoseesae 173 tela 222.22. 55-2250 52 eee 414 
Goniocotes eee eae ean ete eo ces 42, 66 new species..-.----------- 470 
burme titi ee eee ae ae 63: Hadenella 2s )-25- 2-62 6 sai See 416 
COMPAne ie Soa ey eeeewente ee 665/89)5) Hadirianus eases tees aes eee ee see 21, 22,23 
creber ai Sees seal sel sae 66, 89 octonaniusss=-— eee Soe aes 22 
GOntOG ese eee UE ea Sie eg nes 42, 66 schuchertia====sehe eee reas 22, 23 
COLVINICOLRNIS ses eeee ee eee 67,89 | Heematopus ostralegus ----..-.---------- 60, 73 
Cupido eee eae Ve ees RE) | akabone> diese oo aeok ee coco cocoeeescos 183 

Glam CORMIS sees ee 67,89 | Hakodate Bay, Japan, new species of 
GIS aT eS ep ya eae ake Ne ne 66, 88 Idotea! from ss 3). 32 Sie ee 131 
fAalciconni Shee eee ee ee 67,89) |) Halcyon mailimibicassfeesse esses eee 12 
mMammillatu stays see 66, 88, 89 malin Ci Spee eee 12 
mephitidis--_....-- fee ees 67 fORDCSIe eae eeeees 12 
MELLIAM ANUS Se eess eee eee 67,88 torquatus .--.---. 12 
OLLY. 21S 355 Sse ss sees cee ee 66, 88 senegalensis-_.-.---.------------ 12 
S bry li fie x jose aes ss es oe ae 676890) Halizcetusialibicellaeies 2 sees eee 56 
Goniegrapsus simplex ___.._..._...--.-- 278 allbicillay erst cesta settee 212 


INDEX. 1059 

Page. Page. 

ance tus albicillismeesess sense e eee La ep ELO TTC OD iy; US eee een 329 
LOUIGOVAOINS saeco scaseseess 211 MCWASeNUS see ae 355 
aizatusyralllor cil ayes pea ens 73 Suibaipterticie sees sees 355 
leucocephalus_-_-___..-- 48, 56, 63, 73, 90 new species .- 356 
leucoraster meanest eee enene 7 ley OR ALS se acser eae Scaebrn coos SasOoBaenae 297 
IGWICOIRVDAR, -oo-eSeseSeseeonsss 211 AS CIAtU Sie tees Seen eet 297 
OLAS TC US ee eee eee ee Te DEINCE Shes aae eee eee 297 

Ted also Uren GUS eee eee eee eee este A@mElerbstiaeryOphora sae see ee eee ee 294 
LA Gly StUStee sees eon See] e ke Saeed 125, 126, 127 WIOlACC alee ee eee 294 
Ute CUl aye eee seen ae ea 1290 ElermetianllticensSpees-seee a= sees ene ee 250 
OCHORACI ALI SH eee ee 129 | Herpestes auropunctatus _....._....-...- 213 

Sail pixie ees Ws ee AZOMEVS GET AMAS Say ete epee ee eee tay tes one y ena 105 

SUC HIAG RCIA oe weet ecome 125. 129m pEleterarthrellusese see eee 339, 345, 388 

new species. .--- 126 australiensis ._......-.- 388, 389 

TS UML LENG 55 Sete eee a eer nas a NAL })\ JEG WERRO GAT ths nos oo cmon wseeod Sosseueseose 295, 296 
Gracherod ties =e sae aaa 141 mMalGZanniee sae eee 296 

from California, a new variety Heteromelesiarbutifolia. 22-2 2222-. 5.22 386 

OL a AOS Seer bee ren oa Neh) || IBS NEKO) coaco se daosnslosonus sSencs CON eL EL eu 

tll OTS ene eee RN Sau s! 141 Shama So ooosoesoned eee ala 37 

var. walallensis__-.-..- 140) | PELMantopUSHun pes es. sereee eee eee "3 

Plamataree sas eete eos teen 4s Eling arcorbra hens se meee eee aes 481 
TUPESCONS eases a8 Fe weee ae ee 141 quadristigma--..-- hoe guuere ea 414 
UDeN Cull ahevee es sees eee 141 | new species...... 480 

EDDY SILC Sweet e aey Soc el A Sate 7m EL Gl es GNI eee te Serie eee en eter 183 
catenularia var. gracilis______ IG 3330) RE EN oy 0s ees Oa Some nema Oe Lak 300, 301 
Catena tamer er ene eee eee 149 Adare byl ae Ee ea ee) Saran 301 
Catena tuspe tesa eens 146 CUNIDENS Ssh ua ene AT san eee atte 300 

var. gracilis _ 146,151,153 GOrsipeseass=saeeree ars eR 301 

BLE SUG1C ce eee ae et eos meneame a EO 53 Scalar: sea bes eae ae iene 301 
Harporhynchus ruhuse. 22s es see sees 55, 98 scutellata ee yaa cure ene 300 
ElarydayGestructonecsssess=s2 seen ee eee 73 Symmistaysnse See eee ee see 301 
Harulaubins\auratus = ses. s ese esse le 247, 248 WEIMONGEE <o cand sacosascuagscassesac 301 
madagascariensis__...____- O48e Hippelatesmec sasesec oh oss eae cee eee 265 

Hay,O.P., on two new species of tor- PLAWADCS}ciery ek ae Seine 265 
toises from the Tertiary of the United | COMVOXUS tana eae mente 263 
States meee ee ee are ee eae 21 DU SIOR=Seneee eae ees Haan 265 
Hay, W.P.,on two rew species of cray- tener, mew, SPeCleSis=s2- -=—.— _ 265 
EGS Pn omeey eter ge yee cy ceca 6h SN Se esp TAL eb yay ay Ole veer Se ae see lS aor epee ee 273, 300 
Hebertella bellarugosa_-.-..-........__- i 5 (a pe ELUp DO bOsSCid ce eeeesenees eas ea eenee Soles 269 
bellinusoSaje=seee sees ae 150/151, 157 | Hippodamia converges -<:..--2--2----- 378 

horealighses eo: MUN ak ies TH NY |b detlsyOWVike\ A ba coc eScoa Sones Goseenacdodacus 313 

ET dL po Tehri ee ee 183 macrochelessy-s ese saeeEEapas 312 
Heleodytes brunneicapillus. -....______- 77 | mezacheles see eea= eee seas 312 
TENS) OY GXO) On ee cc es ae Ser a ee Os || labho OW BGlES osc ssonmasa cbecseoascoseccce I BS 
ENT CTS eras Seen Muieay Seeman 255 Ep ponockesculenitamers sssese eee eee 301 

ISIN GOING ONG Uae ON eG ee UTS) 4) lebbemiaobhaoles ~-sa secs sstoosos soso suc 17, 35, 227 
lanvatatossccancss suena cee TSH, NGG: |i Ie ReebRAVe lO) oa SA bone ocoseneseeqenscaonaceas 228 

Marresil —2---- SE Re aetna ae 147 GomesSticaaae=se see eae 51 

VEO Me Sis ee eS a MN aa a ae 484 ANT rei ety eeete estes ee ar ere cure nee ra ntuDe HS 35 
j ETE TNOD, ois oeGegs Sodcba scceoee 414, 485 PUES CDIS ee eee eae ee eee eee 227 
new species....-..._. 484 MUStICA mee sae See ese en aoe 51,78 

LESuPGhalisy- essa eens ee 414 UTICA Hee ea ae A eee 51,58 

new species _.___- 485 | Holcenecyrtus, new genus.--.-.----.- 339, 346, 394 

EVM Olite Spee ne esas ona oo sa keen 149 MIG env tes sede nees eee eee 394 
FEU O POLI Geese oon So see cee teseeoe 153m EVO COLh OTA esse es sees aan eee Eeren 394 
Velo th id seas es See ae et eee 487 atricollish=s eee ae eee 395 
Helminthophila celata lutescens _.....- 57, 97 fUISCICOLIS Heese eee 395 
SOrdidayse==seeee 233 Me pti cul ees ee see ee eee 595 

Helodromas ochropus.-.-.-.-...--.------ 207 eStACeIMeSsreesessasees eres 395 
Helodytes brunneicapillus.-..----....-- OS i ELON GSES Ane acca sae sce Nes Lae 183 
Hemeenasius confusus.-..-..--.....----- S14 ETOlOCeM tT Spas ata eee ee eee 2 
new species -.-. SIA a MEO Om etODUS eeeeee oer en eee 277, 279 

new genus -_--.-. ._-..._. 336,374 elegang2222 ihn te ae 280 
Hemencyrtus herbertii .---._-.....-_.-- 374 TO bees tee eee eee 279 
new species __- (Om PE OlO PCAs =n a teennaen tsa sete aa eee ene 168 

new genus --------.-- 337, 344, 374 amiplacsst oes ee ee eee 168 


= a 
1060 INDEX. 3 
Page. Page. 
Holopeajarcticasas=sees ee ae ING | Tsochelesie 5.5.0 02522 52 Seay hie eae 302, 306 
new species ..----.----- 151, 168 PRACT SE eee a ee ee ee 306 
simitligt Vie ee cee we eae GSS) SOc Oma Sasa ae eee 338, 344, 378 
Homalopodays ee st eaieee eee ee eee 341, 404 atriventris, new species ____ 319 
EVristartia ee oes Vale uen ima 404 Chiy Sones eee ae eee nee 378 
Homa oty Juss eee eee oc Onoo mos sno igi ICEL Y20 sea eee ees 378 
bifasciatus ease ae 349 niger, new species -_..--.... 379 
lachmigse2ate teers sass 378 : DUNCTICEDSE=== ess === eee 379 
ODSCURUS Hee ae Gy25) Cite) || LISS DIS) EME oe a So oot sce bese 151, 174 
SHIM SUM ee ee ako ae 318: || olxocin clajias sae tems ener baer enm 243 — 
ETRE TINUIT a Sie eee ee 378 | Japan, new species of Idotea from _-_-__-_ 131 
Fomo had eniakeeess eee eee eee =e 478 Turbinolid coral from_-_...-_--_- 199, 200 
Candida. Aes ee eee 414 | Jasoniades glaucus..-....._.....-..-.--- 367 
new species.-_...- 478 | Jones Cape, geology of -_-..._-.....-.-_- 144 | 
Homoptera integerrima ___----_.....--- LOT E32. Fete Col ree ae eNO ee Oa Si es cope 70, 95 | 
TVVLTN a eee S ROS  E y e 101, 102 hyemalish so. 8h eS ee ee 50, 56, 95 
$SUAVIOOENEY Soccos eck echo suas 101 One Onset seas eee 70, 95 
VOD LODSIS eee eee eee ee 326 Chua; be wis eee 50, 95 
Horizocerusihantlaulbie. 2) ose e-se eee 29 | Kellogg, Vernon L., on biting lice taken 
TARY RSIS HS oe Seem ooadeace 28 from birds and mammals of North 
IE OY OINOWOM NE us Sa eG Eee SE SBECeRoE OSeEeS 166 JAmenicats: 2h oe ses Fees ae 39 
HET OTF SO; Seer tn ee i en Ee a 99k TOTS: Sek css eae © ee oe ae ae ere ee 388 
FTO Wan diaer tes 2k Rew tn aaa ate ge eager Mee ee 332,361 | Kishinouye, K., on a new species of 
peckhamivaSeses. sane eee 361 Stallilediam’e dhs.) cesses iars ve een 125 
Howardiella se. ceee week se oies Weeae Soe OO Led| a Kal COG CT aye ee ene eter eee 151,173 
peck haniieees see ase aa ees Sols Ss Kokentarcostallisam=s2 seen sea 151, 164 
Hydrellia gilvipes, new species._-.._--- 261 5 Krause lla esa tias coat se Seer eee ee eenenl olen 
Fiyilecocheliy smi s eee aan toe ee eee 24 ebachnusiaus tral sie sas. 2 5 so ae 378 
Hylocichla aonalaschkee --....-..-.--.-- 234 | Leemobothrium-...-..----- we Saeee cee 42, 69 
iymenoptendns secs seni ae eee eee oer 833 | atrum so eee 69, 87 
Hyperalonia servillei -..........-.--.--. 251 giganibe unis eee 69, 90 
Joby cloyedzer Nie eee ae rt SR eo re ge ae 107 | hasticepSe=ssese eee 69 
Etsy, WO S'S OG Crem apes ere 107 Similise=eee ses ae eee 69, 80 
Eby pose ll ase as All eas Wn ura oes 10%) Lagopusiacopusieee e-eesse see ee ee 63, 66, 75, 88 
Hyponomeuta cognatella .-....---.-.--. 395 ||“Lambrusic) 22452 ee 295 
eyoyniell a anaes 895 bicarinabuses= === 295, 296 
padelllavee sce ste ee 395 mMacr“ocheleses=sss= === 295 
Hypostena vanderwulpii.__.-..__-___-- 254 | mMaAcrocheloswe eles ene 295 
Ey potriorchis)zoniventris= =e eee 238 Massena wetee Ao ae eee 295 
Hiv pSipetesn-ssa" =e ee eee eee 243 var. atlantica _-.-.... 295 
madagascariensis ......-.-- 243 var. atlanticus -.----. 295 
PSATOIdes 2a. seen e eee 243 var. goreensis -.-..-- 295 
TGV) A ha EE a 236 TaOeXO NEKO AWAKEN poses moos Gono 295 
TSG TS FEU UN ea As SRE eee Dele in) ie 46 | Laniarius multicolor_---__-.- ATE aN ee 36 
Fal ChnelLUSpe ese see see ea ee eee 46 Ussher oo. Ce 18, 19 
TE] STOSA Le Skies aa ee area 465\Waniid ess sao ae es eee eee OM ORIG 
NceryaypUnChaci Meeme esate cannon menyenen 3045 || Sanioperca; Mord axes eee eee ae 118, 116 
TOS Coe ee Bi ola Pk ra Rae ees Stl]: IDE WaRRbIG) loYoHREE MIS ee ee 51, 9% 
Technenmontaitni Colliceets sean eee ne 395 CULVALOSLLIS 22ee se ee eee 247 
Teteria virens longicauda .-.--_.-..-.... 57,98 forficabl Sheree eee eee 247 
MCTHENA DIS) [DYE KoKe) Fas Se ee SO LO ludovicianus anthonyi---------- 233 
allo ula eek eae soe se magick aehe es 78,94 | excubitorides--___- 51,97 
TO Peas eae EEC aa eae Aas OE Na peered 131 | samibelia=ss eee 51,57, 97 
J ApONI Cag eee ee ees Baa Cis Sag 183, 134 | madagascariensis--------.--.--- 247 
new species -...-..---.- 132))| arid ses: Ss se Oe ee eee * 205 
OChHOteENSI Se eee eonen ea eee ASTI AI84 yards) see eee ee eee 44,58, 72, 82 
THEO IMT ASEH Ca ee NC 131 argentatus smithsonianus ... 44,52, 53, 81 
TTaySpINOS ayes See oe ren bared are 299 || brachymbhynechulsee ess. sss= anaes 44, 53, 82 
[llconusiamenicantiste= ess one eee 174 | brunneicephalus.--.--------------- 205 
crassicauda americanus. ..-_--. 151,174 Californicugtess= sees se = aaa 53, 81 
lytheastiavipesses=seee- ase emeue mace 260 CALUS) 222 Ai ee ee ae 44, 538, 82 
OSCIGANIS Aa eas ea ees Nie 260 cirrocephalus sss se ee eee 44 
Insects from-Porto-Rico -2 2222222 249 CLaSSIVOStTiSie see ee eee 53 
Ischadites iowaensis -.......-.._-.-_---. 151,153 delawarensis.....-....-------- 44, 53, 75, 82 
TOW.CDSI Sys s oe aoe eae 153 GominicantS sess es cesses ae ae 


Ischnocenasceseaeea essen em eens 41,43 fuscus hose ae Oe ha Sac eee 47 


INDEX. 1061 

Page. | Page. 

Larus glaucescens.-...-.--.------- GUL SEL Yipes (hoy sue ||) Aball oyeaw thls ee as 9 ee Se ie es 293, 294 

SIAUCUS Seer e seer ae reese as 44,53, 81 GiStinc taseye sees eeee eee 294 

Neermanigess-s25. ssece ee nooks Snes 53 iat lao hE Sei Se es 294 

NCEP ITA ee eeenen aaa es 44, 53, 72, 82 iri fle Gare eS ie Be ieee ees 294 

iChibhyeetosassem ee seat ae eee 53 ahora O1d Cassese aes een eee 294 
INVES eee oe a ee eaten ate 72,81 | Lice, biting, taken from birds and mam- 

OCCIG emibaliSe see esa es 44,53, 81 mals of North America.-._-..-....._. 39 

jolmllleyolelholowey Seas Boe ea ube: || IbakelacinoertaGks —Loio S555 ee 155 

TIGIMAMEISOMM =o) sossoae ose cbeoene GG | TORI MOCTMNUTS. jo55 sacs eset ace eo ede = 155 

PIGM OUNNCWIS Sod aoosegeeseceesess 44,53, 206 atiniss eee eee s Se en 151, 155 

HIGGINS oe ode oaseea assess 034) aichtensia koebelei==---a-5.-.--.------- 387, 392 

VER ES etre wise Se tse er Meee S 44700, ole | doimmnecaicapenataines 2 peeee en es ca ae 135 

Watwxamilanvarlietabalsss9-)o--55 oes 258 GESICIOS aa eee 136 

Weanderledwardsil-¢2:2.----)--22--- === ble emanr cine tase eee eee eee 135, 136 

MCAT eee Se he ena py eee eee 359, 360, palustris esse tee eee ee ee 135 

362, 384, 385, 386, 387, 389, 393, 400, 401, 404 | Limnophora arcuata __._.--.---.-------- 256 

ACC Saar eee ee eee ee Gia) |p aban I(SCKOR) eens KosGe us SseBeereeekse 55, 87 

COSC UN ease Ae SSeS eee 390 ngemasticaseeete enemies 76, 87 

COTA IRee eee eee oN eee nee 360, 393 Me laNWraeeietees esse ease eee 73 

hemisphaericum ---.-.---. ---- 249 TUL areas e ee aaa nase ce eae ae 73 

hesperidmm= sees sees SU atoeh SNL Ib  DaboaVaspbalshs = sho ao4 So ouee Sebese weaabeesnees 269 

CES INTs een eeeeeee Seen 393 LOMEIN ATI Spee se see 3 See 269 

Olere i eae sesso ees 387 Inbiesiot ops oe ee ee eee eee 269 

MIAMI s cos sesoceones faecoe 386 VOM Ali ChISesE ea eee ae eee eke 269 

DIPCHIS meee c ees ase Sees SO Ge He Taira rel apy ne eaten a eras ei ee ea ene 226 

OF Oa a Se Ge ee 393 IDAENALROS IONS She bseeaosesonced 226 

QUERCUS ase te ase see 390 Diysmleea ees ee aes 226 

TAGCCIMOS UM eee cee eae aee ee Sik | IaboyernU eine oS 149 

be OUIMIN ATI Asana sees sisseaaeesaslon ee OSE ein otaie ss Ceaser ae aes Oeics Oe eee 226 

Leiolophus planissimus--...-..--..----- 281 DY: See anes ee NSE Mey eee 226 

STO TOUS eee a te ee SS ER a cote 220M PEO CAR GINS Emenee seer seer ee aa 289, 292 

Weperditiajaltajecs-s-—--525-22ose-2 oo. 150 COLTU SATUS see eee ee 292 

Ganadensiss ss sse esses eens 150 puUsillusiee= se eee eae 292 

Lepteena unicostata-.--.--- eR RET a US) ol EAMES) oe eS 326, 333, 842, 362, 363 

Weptocyabausses tana see eee eee 202 (OOF ROWE Sy eae Soe ea ee 362 

lesan Seeee aes enee selerletele ZO 2EN a OSD inaiseet eres a eer teers tents aan 166 

Stim pSOniyess ee aaa 202 AM CHICA Ae ee seyer eee ee aes 151, 165 

Hep tociu Seen se sete Se ee Cue eee 286, 287 ancula tases ie aot cs surest 166 

GON ViGXUSi =e senor ease 287 EN FENN ies eee ea ee ee 166 

TOWANCURNIUS) Sodas aees Stee SeoeS 287 mun dula se sss Ses eens 166 

Leptograpsus rugulosus --._.----------- ZB mulotheid reales eee asset eee ees aes 69 

Jheptomastix---..-.-------------- Geel Gai sereh aie) || IA NoNdth-< <2 04 Soon e Gat cod eSacoaoaseesoosO ddd 

Gactylopilet=- 222s see 353 olaphyrarceeece = = eee e sees 363 

NS GTA Ope eee yer Se 353 melanocera, new species---- 363 

MERE VOLE) scocose seSseo sess Sle Mn ipe wl U Sie yaa wea eee nee emer ese aremee LON OO 

Leptopodia sagittaria _.-....-----.--.--- 293 bacuil sya see ee aes seer eees 63, 89 

Mestrisicrespictabusss-2ose=-ssssss sees 44 bias Gla tusmee esse esse see ee 61, 84 

CRESPIG ata aso ee ee 53 TN, @ ea ToT Tes ene ea en Cale 62, 86 

parasiticus ------.--- a See Re 47 COLE Teen eae at eee ee ceaee 59, 83 

DOMARINUSpases esses eee See 44,47 GON GINS Eee se ee eee 59, 82 

TACHA SOMI i= see ee ee eee 53 CoMmfiGenSeeeee eee. eee eee seeene 59, 82 

TEAS RONEN ATT COnStrictuseeeee see =e ne 62, 85 

2D] lo Lp Chale ee ne 367 COLMA Seip ae eee eee 50, 64, 93 

WAR ORINCWE) Cong asesemsecessocess 480 GeNSUS Fes aeae saree cue mneme ne 59, 82 

VOMITING) So aaa secccace ses eo gates 414 Giomedecaeyt esse see eee 59 

new species__--...--- 480 GETS aa TIN See ree eee 62,88 

Weweopisibe laps te sen sae een e eee 269 GiviersusPs eee eee eas 59, 82, 83, 84 

TPE NUI GLOSS FE Ss hee ete 298, 299 docophoroid es sss sence. 63, 88 
Sh OMOVOSE NS SeoesaemencosoaanR Crore 299 var. californi- 

WIE TICOS] Ocoee ee eee see een een 273, 298 CUS ee 88 

MCUCOStICtelAnCLOAee an an seas ee reean aces 225 elon gatusee skeen eeeeeeeen 64 

lbnanGtivase. see es seme 225 faralloniessee = eee 60, 80, 84 

ev paliterwess= Aas ays oo es see SSeS 202 SEG OP Se eer oes ears eae 59, 82, 83 

MO WA CTU S28 ee eee 200, 203 forticulabusmese see eee 61, 84 

orientalis, new species ----- 201, 203 Luli sin OS SB see eee see 60, 83 

' Liberia, birds collected by R. P. Currie Sraciliconmisissesesseeeeeneeeee 61, 84 

SU A eset Rt he i ee gE 25 gracilis...... BsoseSaeee es sueese 64 


1062 INDEX. 

Page Page. 
Lipeurus heterographus-----------.---- 63,89 | Lophortyx californicus vallicola -.---.. 229 
TAVUIOANHOIS) -occcee cooseseeoese 62, 87,88 | Lophospira bowdeni .-_._-------_--_____ 166 
THANMAOYO HPCE s sococinee Socococoos 63, 89 fhillmoTensis===seeseee eee 165 
JO] UMS reece see eee eee 62, 86 Spinjoneniape==s==s =e = seas 151, 165 
acwla tush eee eee 59,81,83 | Lophotibis cristata___.._.- al geo alae aR 235, 236 
LEWCOD VES ae ee eee eee 62 Ghistabuis! ce say eles yells 236 
fasClataesseeeseaae 86 | Lophoxanthus sexdentatus___.-.______- 287 
Limitatwss es eee ae eats 60, 83,84 | Lophozozymus sexdentatus ---_._-_--.- 287 
IIGMGH COMMIS) oos6 sosnos eseo ses GOLS4) |e onicattayesse ssa eee ee en ees 274, 309 
lonledpp ils ieeee een eae 62,87 | Lower Siam, three new birds from __-_- 319 

AIG Sess Da ee a EE, 62,87 | Lower Silurian (Trenton), fauna of Baf- 
TONE ORMREYROT osc ceadosooaeuedS 64, 91 fir [rennet ee eee eee 143 
macrocephalusiass-s-=-es eee" C4592 Ox arcu OSG Ra sae see 50 
enplexU See ease sees e eee 63, 88, 89 MNOS Se sebsoocscense 50, 94 
HOULUENEIS 2 sooo ncscbboo coases 62, 87 CHA uawPbOe soccosssenroosne adecases 224 
polytrapeziusss- esses eee eee Od, 109 madagascariensis --..---.--- ---- 246 
PLOLCTAVUS See ete eee GB3.88 i] Ts Oye IN pc ee 422 
sol east Seer ree ste ee mera GO;S4 i Mau ciliaicsesa ase sea eee 255, 256 
DUStUl abuse eee a3 )etS OMA Pea Lb Gy 1b Koheroa ee wonce 2 
RINOCERARE oi oSsobedesecoss bese G4 Mea dar cise ae sea eee 52, 71,80 
SOANNONTS cectine = cosdoceossees GID | Iwo INNA, ooo cos ceecas oreete con occ ck 200 
Subansusticepsess—s eee e a= 60, 84 Spinimosal- sees 3 ae eee 289 
EP RUB AD NSIIG OI eth te EN Se els 64 | Luperina ---...-- Vie a OSES Ree ee 476 
EOMAY OMANI) 5 ec Scecoa bead Sece Gil lL eM © Se a earns acs ee ea eo 182 
TOStAC EUS eens ela thee cee eas GORS8 yh Tivellda: ewe ey cee eh 175 
TOROCATOS Ieee acne == eee 61, 84 afiimist ss. at se ee 151, 153 
Vala piligy sense ree epee 682897. | Mach aes 22) eee eee 108 
varius-.---- gr eth ns Metres a ae oO; 83r || Machsera: isan. es oe ee 108 
BAS pape Utitiloia li Seems ee aye eee 256 Costata ssl seks Ses eee eee 109 
ETISC OTS Psy es NADES Cols rast GaN 107 Tweidiay ee eee oe eee 110 
hitajalsinella) sess ss ae Ee ane eae 364 Mitida ease Be ee ee eee 108 
Lithocolletis alniella _._._-...---.---.--- 305) |p Machetas pulenaxae see eee eee eee eee 47,74 
camplanellalessesecnsscee 395): Maclurea: a. 25 2028. ses e eee eee eee 147 
Cramerelllays sees eee 395 arcticatia.sehn ss eee ee 147 
POpUlitoMellase ss esses 395 GNaSsa Hoo) aes ee ees ae 151, 167 
GQUWeSEC LOL ell aeearene nes 395 Toga miso 25 250) eye ise enemy 147 
Lithodendron flexuosum.._.._..-_------ 188 Saale he ays Reaee merce EEN oe 146, 147, 149 
IGRI. oSocdokecsoo meee UWS |) Wievelhbwaieles poss condos cose Sao Ssososcco 166 
Lithodendrum lineatum----.------.---- LSS 9701 Maclin als sae aise ee ee eee ea 147 
1 ihivoraokrisi nb canbe a oe eee io Se Sie 334, 363 cuneatas: 3255. eee 151, 167 
ae DL aS Maes eee ee seta 363 manitobensis -.-.----- 146, 149, 151, L66 
BUTI COS See ea eee eas 363) |e Macrochelesy a2 oases ete ee ane 312 
Chalconotu seer ee es eee 3630 |e Macroclemimyseerses esac eee eee 24 
GiverSiCOrmishes ses seeseesae 364. Macropodiajss eee ee seen eee ene 293 
fil CORT Sena eee 364 rostrata,::20 5552202 eee 293 
flagellanisis a: aes ae aes 364 Spinvilosaz==== === 293 
EUSCISCUAIM arse tee ese eee 364 TLOStratus| sess eee eee 293 
Fee aad Lp CaN MNES eae Sia TU I 364 | Macrorhamphus griseus .-.------------- 73 
IER BDEROMNS Sst Ooeoseneesoccos 364," Macrura:<2 25 cas Oe as sce eee Seen 273, 300 
Dhaleenaruime secs sae 360") Madagascar sbirds)tromee= sce se seeeaes 235 
Stays aCe eke ang er ay pe 365 | Madrepora palmata--_---......-.---. 179,185, 197 
URC OIENENS Boe e te ode coke 365 TUS OSA isos eee eee 182 
PRUNCA LEIS ee sere eee es 36) Mad reporanl asset Hees aE esee Crete eee 154, 184 
bruncatulassers== see eee 365 apOLOSA sees eee ee eee 184 
FULTS Ur hr See ee es enc 365 | Maiidz___... Peeps ee mee are oe 272, 293 
Hoblopteraindecorap assesses eee 268) 4) Malimibus bartletti@essaessee sere aee eae Bi) 
TH(O) D(oy rete Sees cries eee S whe A eS a AY 2 mialim|bicusi=s==eeeeee= eens 17 
Moncheeaplone-1c oral Sener ees en 258 milo ricollisness=ss = = ee ae 35 
MON CHO CETUS ae ease ao ee eee ee see 325, 335, 368 bartletti 22-2----- 35 
TIONS Gal] OW ieee eee Ga ae a 182 Scutatuse=. 2.2525 eee eee 34 
Lophoceros fasciatus..-.--..--.-----.-.- 12\3|\ Mallophagalis 255553 nee eee 39, 43 
InP ONS Bs ke oeso secs 29) alee Meare Sits ee eae aap 463, 468 
Semifasciatuses-sssssees-= 28 adjunctasle.22 SJ. seashore 465 
Lopholatiluss2 a tives erate una 2) bolter is) 250252 thos Sane 414 
Hophopanopeusisa a2 s nessa ele aa aan 286, 287 new species ..---.---- 463 
sexdentatus ___.-__.... 287 chartariay eee 466 
Lophophorus refulgens-_......---------- 209 detractay. e232 fn ee 462 


INDEX. 1063 

Page. Page. 

Mamestra dilatataeyes see -=sc eee ase ce 414 | Menopon interruptus -__---------.--...- Wh 9)33 
new species.-.------- 464 PECAN OIG) Se tos coca eee eses 75, 82 

fl oe Cl eae ere see ears eel Ces 414 longicephalumet sss 4s ees 77, 89 

new species.---.------ 465 VOOMIS TIPE see = seen eee esee ae ONGo 

Festa EW afc ees 24 Sat pgp ea Se 463, 467 IMses UM ee he eae eee 95 

aC ENE) eecerm tees Sea ste 414 mialloushs "ese Seema eee 78, 97,98 

new species. -------- 467 META OUI ee ers ae 78, 96 

ObSCUMAKe 2 ees Reh eases 462 INES OLE Cues ee ee 78 

Gluwadra tarts Sees eee 462 var.americanum. 78,93 

TAIVANENE, 6545 hos booosososcene 414 ACTH, sa colosoeeeas seen edesee 78 

new species _------- 462 MONOSLOsChuIMeE = == ena eee 77,89 

TREATED RE a cess Oe eee 467 TONEY /AN TEINS) eye ee aa a 75, 82 
TOSCOSUM USA ae eee eee 414 TOUUON ETHOS UND oe o aGeene tore eeen- 75, 83 

new species ---- 466 PAllESCeNS Wise Se eee a 76, 88 

SSMENVORNE oO oo goncosco sete 414 Ho MUB OTD ANE ec aN 77, 89 

new species------.-- 461 TOR NEUEN cece toscescensescone | (la GB 

ViatiOlataree seme ses ae eee os 465 PeLSlS na CUM ee ele ee 17,93 

aval CLTa Almere c eerneeee Came en 467 TOXSHDE EH NSLS es A ce Oe 75,83 

HKG era She oo5 sees Sone sass 464 PLECCULSOR! ee ea ees 17, 92 

SViet aliens sve gl ies Bee ea 414 TORUS UHoN eS ck  R 78,98 

new species .----.---- 464 TOOTHED so oce tase uease ase .- 719,98 

Mani cinamennns ses ass. cee. sete eau ie 192 TPUISEKCWNINS pedcasbsoccadooeces Mey Ols 
ATCOla tame sates see eee ene ae 193 Sbriart wines aaa eee oe eee a 76, 88 
(OUIOCENI CA Besa see se aaa anes 192, 197 titans ss = cae eee alee fees 75 
Manecanpenclopersseas 225 seescet ee. eee 45 Weve WOMB obs sess coe 75, 76, 84 
Margaroperdix madagarensis ---------- 238 var. incompositum -_____ 76, S4 
madagascariensis -_---- 238 Velen line air Seea ae eee 75, 76, 84 
Maskeliligzonatalsescsen sce ane eaten oe dod tridensiepses s+ scene eee 75, 80, 86, 87 
Matutidcee asso fetes cece e tc aseeime acco a) 213, 297 var. insolens ____- .__- 75, 80, 82 
Meduse, new species cf stalked .-.._.-- 25 var. pacificum _-___._- 75, 80, 87 
VEC kasha euetere= Beko Seok Se ee ee 183 AVE N OST OPN eee a A Oe 15 
WMeralopyce) kavtigile=ssss eases eee. oee 25 3h Mie pints seas oss =a eee pee 67 
Melanerpes carolinus _.--------.-------. 56,92 TAD) NOVICE i Sociooacs doee ca ec ease 68, 100 
formicivorous angustif- Merganser serrator --.---__-_---- 45, 61, 70, 71, 85 

THOUS 4 Sante seeeseadas conse | eOsGil IP MiterPeihs) ellos So Scossecacoseon ees snes 45, 71 
formicivorous bairdii------ 49,91 TOOSIREE NOES oye ae ae oocdseoeeee 45, 61, 65 

WHRO OSAMU oe deo cesedeseS 77, 92 SOUTALOT aetane Sh ae aia aee eee ee 70 
Wialeninscacs ue Se eee CORO 2 ae Miei Omi 7alne ae er ee eee aoe 349 
Melani ocr aman See en ee eee eee 2 americanayse esos eee ates 350 
Meleagris gallopavo--.-------------- GSS Olaiie OO Vier. OMY; 7 O DIA esas eee a= aes 329) 355 
Meliclep imal ase see Ce eee 484, 487 amen canojeepe === eases 349 
Melinihiacd deta seo. ee ae saeco 246 bikasclatawessos saa nen ser 349 
Melittophagus gularis_-.-....-.----.---- 28 flava, new species __.____- 350 
Melospiza fasciata heermanni ..-_------ 95 EACH OO) waccesosacsconte 350 
samuelis_.....-.. 51,74, 78, 95 MACMIMe NIN Sasso ee eee 350 

litaKeKo) hopb yee eee ae eee 232 new genus---.-..-...- 328, 331, 349 

melodia clementz ________.-- 232 unifasciata, new species- 350 

JiesaaOhie) DOUENES ons peSoneonScadesenasse hee Mero pic aa yen ss Uae aa sa oee oops seers ne 20 
IM Op OMe eee AA Ie ha no eeiek ioe AZS ale Vero psiuloicollliSwieseee sae ease eer 20 
aumifascia tum 22. oon eee 76, 84 AUT BITS ee ee ere es shall aed 28 

loner ube Seeho secs cacao sHecs RAS OM ee Tl apenas ee eee wae ee ree TOFS) 
Ccarduclistss22 2 seieas poets 78, 94 IMM OLA LOL ae ae ase ee eee OL OOOO 
consaneuineum sees eee 76,84 | Mesogramma arcifera._._.-._--2-.------ 203 

CLASSI PCS Me eee are eee 78, 94 Hacinid OSayees see ee ees 253 
CROC AT TUIMINES ees eee stann ers 76, 87 Suibanmiull a tases eee 253 
deconatumse=se ease ee nee eee ASO le MesogTaptarcuprinac seat. =e n=s =a 253 
Gissimil@s S25 seeee Sa eee 78,96 DOM bale SN ees Bee eas 398 
Ghisietavermbbaay oe os eoacoossocnesuc 77,92 | Mesopicos xantholophus ---------------- 18 
GUS bin CUS mea ses eee OSM Miesoploutayseee tsa seater a saees eee 112 
ESS) UT SUL eee ere er 78,93 | Mesoplodon stejnegeri-_----.------------ 125 
Lul\yostascla cura esse see eee eeou  Metacrapsus: Curvatuse2s sce enos eee 281 

var. minor __- Wiel VG GALL OM porsres seksi ae rene 326, 342, 347, 407 

TUMORS UTR: seen as ake eye 17, 94 ACACAlISi Saver eter re eens ep eee 407 
fusco-marginatus -----.---.--- 79,99 EA DRIKELS) OF ree I PRESS, 407 

THOSE PNA, oo eee oowsS Saa5KR 79, 94, 95, 98 COCCOISE eae oe ee 407 
TAOS A HORAN Senseo sooseceos os 76, 87 Ae bilishees esas Bows a eee 407 
INfrequenss=ss-asesseesoe sees 75, 81, 82 fUSCItATSIS sss. e none aioe ee 407 


1064 


INDEX. 
Page. Page. 

Me taillonmimbise ais See ney eee een ae 407 | Montifringilla sordida -_......._-.-_-__. 225 
HEStACCOUSSs patee eee 407 | Montlivaultia guesdesii__-.._...______.. 186, 197 
MetoposrapSus= sneer pee MoO VO ba CHlllevellilo Ol Cle cease =a eam 222 
MIeSSORUE S20 see eee eae 278 Al AVA OMI Ta Speen are een 243 
Micropezaylimibaita) 2225 sees eee 257 LO GIE;S Onn eee ee eee 222 
MACROPeZIGEe Ae 2 Se Qe ania yee 257 madagascariensis ____.__.-___ 244 
IMICr Op isa sre wate ea eee alos 293, 294 maderaspatana ._._.....---.-- 246 
DO CA Re Tee as eee see es ee 294 OFAN Ss 44222) 2 ii ee Ey 223 
GAVOVON ONE Ue ee ee 294 sibillaiaics- Ee A ea eee 245 
Vil aCe ae sayces Sat eee eee 294 WAU alas io Seether pee 30 
IMicrotarsusseee oe ee ea er ee mkiaa wee IRS |e WuMoytevenb hicleeye ayes eee ee See 30, 243 

MIMCHOWKIATEY So aosesaseeacees 339, 346, 383, 389,590 | Moths of the Family Noctuide, A Hun- 
apicalishs sees eee 384 dred New, by John B. Smith_ 413 

WA PREDIS caaoe seeeos be Saoece 396 of the genus Campometra, new 
bolus@esee: Te ae et sees 393 *: Si SPSCIES"OL ss ae oe sn see ee 101 
ibrewlconnisi 525 seese sees 396!) Mirae he Se Se et eee 3, 4,5 
chalcostomus: -=------:----- 390 cephalus 2.035 eee eee 7,10 
cincticornis, new species -- 390 Osteologysot= sees = seenaee 5 
cyanocephalus......-------- 30s Maugilidas. See ' Se eee eee 1 
GSW OMNIS) Sagas cece cose seateeee B94 ChE ITOSIS Ole cnascacocnasescbes 2 
LASCIP CIS eee eeees eee 391 | Murchisonia gracilis -_..-.-.-.---.------ 149 
PAY eiyatlS Baers es =o ieee ors See dol eMuireanitiaihistrionica ==. sss =ssse= 382 
GUS CI COMMIS seep ee se see ee ; O04) ||) Mis pat GUS Seen seem e eee a= eee 212, 213 
PaStrOM assess ee 391 | Musca domestica .-....----- ee ee 256 
aN RASUS ss4= == eae ee ool Muscica pare 2as8 35 352 lsc has meee eee 245 
INGELPUN CLUS =a == =e 391 Cinered) sss neo s eee 247 
lichtensitesesee- = eee 392 cristaital 3 ee eee 16 
Hamar tus cee See es a ees 392 fraserl 2: +2 Se ee ee 16 
marginatus, new species. --- 392 madagascariensis ---.--..__- 243 
melanaclswes=4 sean eee 397 mu tatacss sates see 245 
Matra tS ese eee ee 367 Bgl (laksa meg Ne irs IE 16 
WNONGNNOIS, 5 Sapccs suse oseses Soe a PAVIUISCI Ca DIC cosese ses see 16, 31, 245 
ORUNCUHONS oessoccoscsas se es 888! MhaScidiea 22 Sank SNe late eye liae ee ees 256 
SOriGEUS Rai sees coerce 390) |; Muscina tripunctatas2sso2-45— eee eee 256 
SWC CORA Ha sosebGoace coos Sue) | Muscipeta sae Babee si ioe se ae ie eee enue 245 
Sublest us ses etie e oe eee B9ah e MUSCiViOTal ne S1aeasee sen eee see eee 245 
SVP Va US eee urbe isc plate ee 3930) Minds Opp lnlalga Gl oe eer ene at 

tachamdiigos see eee anes 393 | Mussels, Synopsis of the Naiades, or 

tessellatus) 22652222 390, 393 Pearly Fresh-water, by Charles Tor- 
tiUliaTis seein e ie eae eile 367- rey Simpsons ss see 501 
NibUbS aI oh nels lel esos ee ees Cot 183) Pp Miy aiarenariaasevers ose ese eee 140 
VET Walt Sy Sa iy A eae Sr eee SY 55,77 | Myiarchus cinerascens.-.------- 49, 50, 51,57, 77, 92 
SO VAI Cae a teen oe eee ail I AANAVEM 253 — 49, 92 
NE Palisn ersee Sa ce see Sie ee ae 103) |) DUR Woxeesezy eb G ENO VLIS See eee 254 
Mimus polyeclottosissssse= ees 250MM icy Sia pp Ul abe ae ee ee 378 
White Segeoe See ace ere ee es ats ae 325, 330, 342,368 | Mytilaspis citricola ...._---.-__.-.-..._- 386 
JON PIpPeNNISp esses ee ee oe 404 clover Soe 2 eae 411 
MACTOCCLA Reese aaa ene 24, 368, 369 pOMAaGUMy esse » 401 

TN CORA ie eee ae eee araoee eeee 3868 | Naiades, or Pearly Fresh-water Mus- 

Saltatoneete os Se ee eee aL e 369 sels, Synopsis of the, by Charles 
Miratrash ova peaee see eee sean See 242 MboraReny (Sibady SNOW Gas Soesne coaccs esse 501 
MBH ANI OOW Dc onosauaasnccneccocSoaca Gace 242 | Narthecophora, new genus-.....- eee f 485 
MANIC ee ee eee ee eee eee 333, 362 DulVvercaeeeeeeseeeeae 414 
Modiolodon arctica, new species. .---.-- 151 new species. 486 
ALCLICUS Sates eee ee 177 | Nectarinia chloropygia -------.--------- 34 
new species. ---...- 161 Cy anolesma eases ae eee 34 
oatulls 2: Se See eee 161, 162 hnypodilus asses eee 33 
Modiolopsid cet ser aie enere semen eee 161 ° obscuran 222255 see 17 
Wikoxebkoy oy osteo aes 1625\INectariniid ce see es see eee 16, 32, 246 
arguta .-... pete nmreantes Sh Saas 162 | Nelicurvius nelicourvi---..-.------------ 246 
Obsoletaysseaenes eee 162 | Neocene corals of United States-------- 179 
SPM] S) Se ee cee 162 | Neodrepanis coruscans --_--------------- 246 
Molothrustate reassess ae nye eee 50;94-)" Neomeenis: 42222255 ee eee 2 
Montiel aien re sist mee eae abe oe 222 | Neosocia bengalensis_:...._-....-.------ 216 
SAK VTL T Spe eae eae a eae 222 | Neosphyreena multiradiata--___....--.-- 113, 116 
Montifrineillajadamsi-es- 222 6 see 225 | Nepticula splendidissimella --...------- 395 
altaica cs. eee 225i Niep bu nus ss ose eco ee see ea 289 


INDEX. 1065 
Page. Page. 
INepiMUSammicolay=s-se-s == ea ZOOS ZO lel PeNEM US PIC tUMAbUS eee sane e ee ne aan 57, 94 
GHEKEEAMNA NES) aol 290, 291 DilCUSE Meee ees oot Rua eee es 54 
Coijand Sites eae newer arse 290 TORSO) ee meek Sesto Beene aes 53, 82 
INS CUAlISES a= a= eee ee 290 DUNC ALU eee eee een 53, 81, 82 
TNA AS 5 oa55 Koes kesoso 291 TOL UUN CEN AUIS S55 osecesc eee sese 57,93 
var. truncata__-- 291 SOCONC ATS pee eels eames 57,93 
oyaulbico hiusyes Sees sees a ee 290 Sigma tus gees aaee eal sewn 54, 87 
pvt US eee Serene oe Bere 289 Stina ley: < leet ue aon wae 58, 99 
Nesilletsaiypl Caves tees eoee 244 Snoderassije. eee sean pas 2 
IN(SNMON FOUN TAR ADNAN Saas oe 236 SPLeGhi chu Sweeps oa enn 56, 90 
Newtonia amphichroa .....-.-..-_-__--- 245 CHOEACICUS Hees eeae re es) uel wane 57,95 
lprunmelcaudalasese earn sane 245 HMRI S UMHS sesso ese5 Geocl = 53, 81 
Inari Gre Clloventsy Aah Se ea es 18 UN ENOIMUNS) os Cet oonnceoceosoese 56, 92 
NG oasibamol CO] OT tee sae ee eee 35 VATS SG US Pe ee ea eer E sal p 57, 94 
INaleushyicilan spss eae iene 151,173 vulgatus .... 56,92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99 
ISTE Ereani S25 2 ae ee a en ee a CSG) |) NMAC VEY 22 eA Soe se ye he 42,71 
MSP UHOWWIS =p Sosa mcseesaedeeonons — HHS duibitis 22S oe eee 71, 92 
Aouoolouilnes eevee ee 54, 87 SUIT CATE See ey at een wee veer 71,92 
EVO) ORD IS en ee BESO Ie | RENO brad S Peeks cesar a Ik ieres eae ee 326, 377 
FEN DUGUD Se Ane hee ee Seer she tae ay SUE FOS} |) INOCHUEoSINKeNCNbI oe 451 
oboe pln Smee ae ie ee 55, 88 MISCIPElII SHC e Psa meee Maen nee 423 
onal hiysh Mona xence ee eee 58, 97 DyRophiloidies=es sees ae 464 
CAINGWIGIR 65550 Gsh2ce aaa aosose 56, 91,92 | Noctuidee,a hundred new moths of the 
CLERIMUS Eee elses te ee eee 52,80, 91 family, by John B: Smith___-____-__._ 413 
Complexciv See ee ee 54,87 | Nocturnal moths, new species of __...- 101 
COLCA See peers ene ee ue 55,87 | North America, biting lice taken from 
Gy clothoraxee= sees a een 94806 birdsfandsmamnmnall stores seas ee 39 
discocephalus __....___.. Seen 56 | Notiphila virgata, new species __._____- 259 
INvaieR. rnoly Ss 22% 1G, GO. || WiOwereullbioe, asst ess ka 111,112 
AUCs esse eas eee ee 57,93 SANS Chi Case eee a ere 111 
GUStISIMUS) 5-2. nee ee ee GOD || NC wUNICES con. Sacco Sacco sanso eases eaee 160 
Hel nRapste Osi aaron eect lacs oe de. Boeo2el MeN UM enimsaT qua tapes] eee ee eee 76 
LOC EAL US seems een eee 56,91 CHACIUERHUIS Ssac55 socusoseces sone 47 
PISSUGIs set eeyio wire eeM ee een 54 lOneirOStrishe=ses see 47,88 
SV 25] © Toe ee eee BL eye |) INCWEEY TORY oe ee ee tesa kee asee a 
LOD CMU Sie See et eset 57, 92, 93, 97, 98 TLV CU CE Maye wirar nosee ee een Se hee 48, 91 
TOA IS) as esau as aoe a a dt O Stall me NGYiC.Le Te1!l0 1 Gl co ee eens a 2 rene ar 270 
TS ANVAUL Sie tare ae et 54,87 | Oberholser, Harry C., on birds collected 
HUSCOMALoINAtUS= = eee 52 by Dr. W. L. 
var. america- Abbott in Cen- 
NUS Hanes 52, 80, 81 tralvAisiajee es. 205 
MUSCUSMA Sse eae ea tes Coes 55, 89, 90 on birds collected 
STS AMG Olam mee aay aes 54, 82, 83 by R. P. Currie 
STACI Se ees ae ae eee ea 58, 96 in Liberia-_-._- 25 
JAY) XS ats Ses eee ees Sue 53, 82 on birds from 
UD CRIS! soe oe One ere se 57, 94 Madagascar __- 235 
THAKOXO SS AUIS SD eryeigeras Soa eels 55, 88 on birds from the 
IAS POO SHG Sescosoctoss oss 58,98 Cameroons Dis- 
Ie oUF TEISCOU EDS = coceo SooSon ese ated 58, 95 trict, West 
line Ola bu S Bese eee a EE EGO AMiriCa) eae eee 11 
var. atrimargina- on some birds 
US scares Gasososdos Eyl ke from Santa Bar- 
OT SUS pee aes ae eal 58, 97 bara Islands, 
var. domesticus ._______ 58, 97 California -.--- 229 
MUBNCEIUAE YRS =A coos Saseadcess ake OG; 9l) | Oceanites) oceaniCusess. 2-5 eee saa 084 
SEVV ED YEU TAU Se 2,80,83 | Ochthedromus inconspicuus _____-__._- 206, 207 
ODACUSHes sss ucc i aet a ei ae Do som Oculinaypalmatassss: sess a= =a seen Sha O8 
ORAGIM Ge eee St eae bal EH Cots) t- ONGRDUONNGl eyn Se Cee ea ular ee een La 185 
OTnMabiSsim Us| sss eee ee 57,94 | Ocypode -_--_-__- Sheet ay UE ee ea aa 274, 275 
var. xanthoceph- erira Can aigeec eee eae eee 275 
Qlinswaenete Reve 57, 94. CUTSOTe2 2 S22 e ass Sees ene 275 
ODM US a ee eS pe lel 58, 98 OCW GSI He fein cre aie Shae cli 275 
DAC CU SESE ae saan saaemee 52, 80, 81, 83 WOXAa SONU es] eee eee 215 
Malhidtisweey soe ~ eee Slee 58, 96 IP PCUS ease eee ae eee 205 
pancallelui's per wea.. sees enero GY}, (Sts) Il OXenAaorebKoles)-< Se ee 272, 27 
[OVerauOSM epi She e 08 oa OCyplamusilatiusculaps =. 22) eases 252 
LOM COIS ea eey apes a eee eee ay iret 04,87 |-Odontomyia dorsalis -2__--__--.=2------- 201 


1066 INDEX. 
Page. . Page. 
@Oidemiaet jE Sa eee eee 62, 71,86 | Orthoceras scalariformis _-.......-...- 1%6 
desilandicseeeaeseeeesaseeenseee 62, 76, 85 new species.. 151,170 
perspicillataeses==—seeeeeee 44, 45, 62, 85 Vierbe bial Op aee see eee 169 
Olivellayint obasessse sees see eee eee 1404 SOx thocenathi das sees meee ae 169 
Oloribuccinavoneeee net eeesesee eee dy Ga. tela) || OWWAO KOON oo oos soso toccos eeemeeececooe 29 
Oneocenmis/ articollanistssss22 4-5-2 478 leweolophus === aee ease 28, 29 
Ciliates ae ee eee AOE || Oheiyae ab resMenaOIS  oteoacsoe soos Sadecce 66 
new species -.----- 478):) \Oscinides 2c ee one see a ee ee eee 265 
ONGCOCET AS eee ee er eee aE Zin ROS Clad Syanra@ rays rr eee ee 266 
PRRGUNOWHON - Aone oooneeocee Soce 177 CORO dixie eae eo ee 266 
new species. ___.--. 151, 172 MAMA. ee ee ee eee ate eee 267 
PERC UU See eee wa au eee 171 obscura, new species ____----..- 266 
1 OOSUTI Seen eee a eee 172 Guadrilineatales== ===> eee 2 
TUNE EMMEGVO, = oeocce cose Peas sebene 172 amibrosaceet=c =: Pee ae v4 
MeanltObenSemeares =e eas 170 VAN Ca ba aoe eGo a eee 266 
TavuOM ES KOPMANNES oO oe Soe 71 | Osteolegy of Dinolestes lewini -__---__- 117 
HUNTTVONBRIN cos Gonsas <ecbosess 1%. | ‘OsStracod acs sass Sas eee ae aes ee eee 173 
new species.------- R23) HOLO COTS sere eae eee na ate 51,93 
Wil beaNyeSire eee ashen eee 172 alpestrist 2-22 a0 eee en OONO 
Oncocenatid ees ea see cee eee eee 171 chrysoleema.-_-_.-.---- 51,93 
AGING Maire meres sere Becerra = 66, 80, 87 insular Spee aes 230 
ibISCLOSUS eee ees = eee eee 65 LOM EIROS bial See ere 221 
var. californicus. 65,86 | Otocorys longirostris _--_--.-.-.-----:--- 220 
var. porzanee _-_-. 65,86 | Otus vulgaris, var. wilsonii-----.__--._- 48 
MIN TUS ee sere eee eee Gb;87) i Omylabes sib ee ae ee ee te eee 244 
Tem ObUS eee see ae ese N eS 66, 91 madagascariensis---.--------- 244. 
Oncophorusteesceeee eee eee erence 42,65 SENN AMV MASS scsooocsess coco] 244. 
@oencyrtus)2 tose eee eae ee ence Geepasshae || Onave oh paelaey oo 3 soscagessase Sone saesecass 272, 293 
ANAS (22 BAe Se eR eee 3824 sOxystomatat essa s=se eee see eeee ee 273, 296 
Chisiocamipre ee eeses er seers S02) | OZAUS CORT a DUS ies aaa ante ee 289 
Ts PETE Se eee eer Soi PRachy Sra pSUS ieee sees eee eee erent 
OWN SON Terese eee 382 MAUTUS Se ses= eee eee 278, 279 
Mew CONUS sess sseee 398, 345, 381 tranSVeT SUS es==ea sees 271,278 
Ophionind 225 a eee eee cle 30%, | Pachypsyllaic:-cem mia; sas sssse=ees eee 383 
Ophthalmomyia cinerea, new species -- 268) ||sPasunidea 25222 2 ee eae eee 273, 301 
lacteipennis _---------- 268.) (Rasuristesic =k el 5.2 sea ans See 302, 307 
Oreortyx pictus plumifrons ------------ 63, 88 hispidus {2238 228 assed 307 
OLiolid coy eee eee eee 19.1) Pasurus es Oe ee Sale ee 302, 303 
@Oriolustlanvatuspecesee sees ee eee 19 alatus: = usc ee eee eee 303 
brachyrhynchus --_-.-- ig) ane mWlatuseee-eeese eee 303 
MigPipeNN1S passes eee ee 19 exeavatus) 222.320 s2 Sees 303 
@Onritesmiveosularisnees ses sess ss=s sees 228 Sanu limMantis) =) eases esas 303 
Ornithobing ese ee sey ae eee 42, 65 INCTMIS) 2235 Ges aa ee 303, 304 
Ibucephaluspees seen 65 MO blCUOS US ees ane 303 
CY Ones ees 65, 86 pucilatorns 202-2 eee 306 
Sono plewunUs hase 65, 86 DUST WalUs\ sees eae eee 303 
Ornithomyia erythrocephala_-_-_.------- 269 Sculptimanu's\S22ss5 =a ee 303, 304 
Ortbailicias eee ee eet eee eee meal 257 Stratus aee eee Sie aes 302 
Orb Gea eae ashe es AS sed A See ah 156 var. pectinata --------- 302 
Orthisibellarugosaiese nese eee see 157 SETISOSUS Bese ee ee ee 302 
ibellinucosaeassesee saree 150, 151, 157 trian cularissessse= eee eee oat Ue 
borealis nse See ij2 seal ee setae ee 151, 157 ViITeCSCCNS ai. se ease = eee 305 
MECU SIM essa eee eee see el oll ove oon ealadaim OwaeeCnill Sass =e sae 486 
ARC LI Care eee eA eee re 150,176 scarletinald 23ers 414 
new variety -.--- 151, 157 new species._-._---.. 487 
plicatellacs 2s. eee ale P5le'56 | (Palesm onset oe eee een 314 
HOMORINALUBY,. = saacanco esscensuostoKens 158 acamthur sess aes 315 
SulbciulaGirartap eee ene 158 aLGi Cans ese ais 
tesuudinaria pee sse se eee 150, 151, 156 canalicuilatuss= = see= = =e 3lL 
tbriCen ara een eee eee eee 0) ela leel oo Cdiwahd Silas seas 314 
OL THOCSTr AS ee ee ae TEU NE 149 hastatus: CG s0e res keene eee 314, 315 
ibilineatumeees ees aes 151, 169 lon eirosti Sees=se== eee ole 
lEoUiGEhhN 5 553 ko SSeS ascS 149 macrobrachion ess = sess sees 315 
lors ess ee eee eee 169 TAC UI abs pease ee 314, 315 
baffinensis-_---_-- 151, 169,176 olfersii*.2522 ce ee 316 
PODS TM os Ree eps eee oat 176 paucidens=. 24 32 o-se= eee - 315 
new species--__----- 151, 169 SPLITS ees ale eee 316 


ee e) a 


INDEX. 1067 

Page. Page 

Paleemon vollenhovenii ._-....--.------- lon PEecteny) ettersoniuseess == s=95 sea a eens 199 

Pallesanomewes) 35 ss5casceouessodesacsuene 314,316 | Pedioceetes phasianellus ____-__..._____- 63 

GEISDINOSUS seas ee eee a= 316 |» columbianus.- 66,89 

rile rn ONT Cl eae ee a9 ner ne aed ens 274,314 | Pelastoneurus fasciatus__.-_-.--_____-_- 251 

Paleontology of Baffin Land---_--------- 149 | Pelecanus californicus ---_---_---... 61, 72, 76, 84. 

PRE ninos Furs eee eee eae we ere 310 GHISPUS ees eee ee 61 

DHObeTUSH = sesns =ee eee 310 erythrorhynchus_-___-__- 61, 72, 76, 84 

eatin isi Gl se eee oe ee ene dee 274,310 onocrotalus see see eeteenes 61 

PalimumimsponrMment See = ees ae eo 310 TUL COUT S eee 66 

Palimustus phoberus 222. 2222252. 22. — al Oe Meelecypod arrancones soot one zie 160 

Paludinella newcombiana --_------------ AO ROT G1 oe ee ee ee ne nes oa ae 274, 310 

iPeilyaimence), loeb) eee a ees ceases SOS HPP encous: oc eN ees ae ee ae 310 

Pano neusta ti Camus ie assess oe ee = : 287 brRasilienSishess==sqese eae ee ees 310, 311 

herbstiteee sense sete eee ses 287 canaliculatus == === === 310, 311 

IParnninticnng socoececea Ses seeees te SoeSaeeaee 310 Caramoteseses pase eee 310, 311 

OBNA GUS See ee ee ae 310 VE LUGM US ae ae oe arse Ne ee ae 310, 311 

TSO GUS ae eaey Wee eee oe es SiO) |] JEANS oh So cone moo ces asses 330, 832, 358 

Pali ORt UNI Slane a ee ee eee 367 bucculatricisy === esee== 358 

PAA clirspiliterus pesos see eae Past |) IEC AMOWS = esas sacees woedseoeeser 336, 343, 373 

PERRO OG) SS oe eee ee ee ete 185 all direc ites ee 373 

THUR eo ee Sos tobeSe 1851987 | PP SRCESOCES se Nase tat eee a oe eens 1 

Paralimmajdecipienss---s22-4-556s=) == 259 GUIASMOSTS)O igen ee ee an 2 

OUSCUPAS eee ee nee eeee 259 ME er Cn One ee ass en eee MeL ents 277, 281 

Parapsilophiyise sees se sess eo 334, 342, 362 PLAMASS TaN Uae eee me eras 281 
Pelechise aa sees s 362 | Percoidean fish, Dinolestes lewini, os- 

HT ASES ate a aoe ese eyes ea see areata 277, 280 teology and reiationship of the______- 113 

ANGOLENSIS ease esse 280m pRerdix cinereass = oot eee ee 66, 76 

Jowh niall Ope ee So ce ee 280R MP CRIS Cait eta ee eee ne oe Uae wave, oer bs 476 

[Barras bel CLIN oo reser eee se eee gue cunep le  S k 123 albolabes) casei esene eee nee 475 

Parastrophia hemiplicata -.-.---------- 151, 158 GCOTNAN A Soe ee eee eee ena 414 

IPRIFEH OCI OINEEES 6 5ass5 Goce néasde Sedeecoabe 282, 284 new species. -_...._----- 475 

Taz Zeeves ee ee eee eee 284, 285 CONSOLS aes ar een ee see eee eee 414 

Chan oes ae ee ey eee 284, 285 new species__-.-------- AT7 

Ghayjane Si eee eee meee 284, 285 faAlRe tac tase sees an eee ane 475 

Chapelleasss Se ease ae 284, 285 loci OSes eee aa men ane 476 

peeCilel Me Ne 284, 285 lucet tases ese Ae eee 414 

Parencyrtus brasiliensis -.--___.----__-- 368 new species ---_--..-_-- 474. 

new species___ 368 DUN CUILeT a eesee eee eee 476 

NON, (OMNIS ooo seco secs 335, 342, 368 Pea nas sense Sn Sere aren 414, 477 

IPRS has coe Seana Soe Ee Soe eases 22 NM ewaSDe ClOS = saes= a aeee 476 

ar OTAnaNM wa SCMUS ase een == ae eee 491 WiECOLS Sec teene Reo eee eae eee 475 

WePse hil aos eho Sao a ete eee eee AAG OP eriSeSa Ta pee sense a een ee ane e ieee 277, 280 

IME GOSCMES ates cscccsas 491 | aifarel Cam UT ae eee een 280 

Parthenolambrus bicarinatus ---_--.--- 296 kamen mani ees == eee 280 

y MASSer ae ease we eee 295m | MR CrISSOSp1Zza ee aeaee ees Sa eee eeeeees 227 

IPE PIDGIOOONGKES) es oneo Se coS esos ong Secene 273, 295 arm NiS)\-sie25 esse em eee ese zat 

Parthenopoides bicarinatus __-._--_-_-- 296 Carn elpesites sheen ese a ae 227 

IMASSCTIAle sa hee seen 295 CWE MONGIES «a .coa5 Soeece cose 227 

Parus atricapillus occidentalis ___._._- 5298 a We eri stan lyiO US eee eee ae sees 73 

gamibelimacl ah ble Ye Sea ae ESOS} || ISB RO NERD MDS. Sce4 cobdoe SkoaaSeneades = 68 

THAYG RONAN iO Ish AP at ns ee ine Eee 51,98 | Petrochelidon lunifrons ---.-.--.--- 51,58, 78, 97 

rufescens neglectus _---.... -=-22- SOS PReEROCMIGU Sass eee aaa ea ae 302 

RarVyVUSENelCOUTVAeH = ase a a ae es 246 ALROSORR. es se eee en eee 302 

IPASSCIIC OMECSUICUS Sse —= sae === eee 57,96 pectinatus----.--_- 302 

TaOHONIS) Ao eco ee SS 225 GOALIE NOMUIS oe eed sees 302, 303 

YD CLL GUIS ee a See ea a ee 225 sranulintans' so 2 sss 302, 303 

TOUS as eee es ee 224 | PUStWlatUSmesse oe ease OUZNOUS 

Passerculus sandvicensis-----.--.---.--- OM eee trop lai ais secon aed ae eye eee 222 

iRassercellamuasstseses 2 7 ete Sete 233 CYAN Ayse se eiee eee Hoes eee 222 

eT ENC elie ee te ie her ae are em 70, 96 Solita riakt Sie wanes eee 222 

Th o¥SHOU EW EARS) seen eee See Be 232 Mp OZ OWLS a ore ee bate aS Nicer Sea Spe aaa 351 

mecarhivnehaesss==ss=2s— see 232,233) | PoOly.chromuUseesnse=sese sea Bay 

Stephensiees ace asmn act eee 2338 MOP con OCIS CUS eae eee ese ee ae 337, 344, 376 

IPASSerinayerny ce Mae see eae eee ee 57, 96 ATIZONeNS! Syeeeee eee 376 

VELSICOlOLE ee see ae 70,96 TINA GUS eee ee ee dal 

PaviOrcristat ushers ase ae eee aa 7,89 COMLOTIMI Shee eee eee 376 

SPOCIfOrUS ee sesh eee eee 77 THOMKGONWO casooecona]esasse5 376 


1068 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Phaéthon sthereus .-.------------2----- 84 | Pilumnus verrucosipes -......-..--.-_--- 288 
iPhaeton aethereust=--seeee eae eee ee 44) “Pinnotheridcessessee rose ees eeeee cee 272, 282 
Phainopeplamitense=s=s-=e=esseeee aes BG Gy. |) IPAbA DR TIENTS one cet eccoooSdeonsse sacs 386 
iPhalacrocorax CanbOsseees ase 45,60 | Pipilo erythrophthalmus -__.-_..-_.--- 70, 78,96 
GIGUEWIUIS) coscosocHboosase 60 fuscus crissalis__--..--...--.- 51, 56, 74, 96 
Gilop his eee eee 60, 84 maculatus atratus -_..........._- 233 
albociliatus -_ 60,61, 84 clementee .......-..-. 233 
penicillatus 22222-2---2 60, 76, 84 megalonyx ---2------ 56, 96 
perspicillatus_--------_- 125 megalony xi 22s) Wise eens 233 
IPhalaropusssricoloneesssesesse eee eee Ee || lathe hnClOn AERO, 2655 seco econ core Hoos 51, 96 
Phasiami devas seas sonar nee 265200238) | Pisa aes sei sets oes ceria eags Soe ean eee 298, 294 
IPhasianusEcolchicuseesss sss. ess eee TT Caeimina a a es ee ee 294 
nycthemerus __.-._-.- 68, 66, 67, 77,89 | Pisidium compressum ---....--.-.------ 138 
POOVOESil ooo. Sees soe eee 73 Varia bile, Sisy secu eee 138 
I WEMACOC CUS pe ss ene ena ny ne ars 388) me eIsorhinaymag1 Gases eee 240 
iPhilepittarcastaneasss-eeeesseaeees aes 242 menadensis------ eerste ed es 240 
Philepittidas is e346 te Dee aa eee 242 albiventris -.---- 240 
Pia rier aise Gay 28 se aes eae NL 191 bouruensis ---..- 240 
HOEK INR,. bBo SH besoendeses 191, 198 brooke ae 240 
Fil Olean oe eee ees 62, 76, 87 leucospila _-....- 240 
hill op ter doses eee ee eee 43 TONE CE oo socece 240 
TaN Acey oop eee eet eye eh ck re ee 298 menadensis ---.. 240 
Cristatancs. sete sse toe se esas 298 morotensis---... 240 
leew GorSali sha se eee 298 Ub ae 239, 240 
Pheenicothrampis fuscicauda.-...-.---- 51 siaoensis -----__- 240 
Pheenicothraupis fuscicauda _-_..--...- 74, 96 sulaensis .___._-- 240 
Pheenicurus erythronotus-.--.-...-...-- 222) bittSponuim eis aes. s2 ee eee ees 357 
Pholidauges leucogaster____._..-.------ 36 | Plagiomimicus. ---.--.---------.--------- 482 
Phorajaunea ssa. oe55 seal ese ea aaa 253- Plagusiag es secess oo cesepee ens eee 277, 281 
PINOT ES ee ee OR Clipe re 253 delaunayie2ssese 22 eee 281 
Phyllopseustestatimism=s=s= se eaeeanne 226 depressars (2 sss eee 281 
hWM eles see BOE Saas 223 depressus 322s s. = eee 281 
Jab COR e ee eG chee See e 223 Sqwamosai2 ssa ees 281 
EIST IS) eee eee ean 223 | Planchonia delicata -.-....<.-.--.-.2---- 402 
Phy lloscopusktristisna--sasse see e eee 223 4) SPlane@s ces2ase2 Sate oe eee eee eee 277, 279 
TINE EA eID as nee Bok se Haoasn sone oboseS 1387 elypeatas ss 22seeseeke eee 279 
heterostroph aaa sss=s ease 137 MMBWOOR HOS Gee eee occas ouSs CoSso Coos 271, 219 
Physegenua obscuripennis -____--._---- 209 -Planorbis bicarinatuse===sssee ss eee 136, 137 
Physokermes abietis._......_....--.- =... 391, 407 Campanulatusi=sssse eee 136, 137 
Physostomum.-_....._...... 42, 69, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97 PAV US ee ve eae een 137 
ane wla tums sae eee 69, 92, 96 trivolvisia- 9 ee nae eee 135, 186 
australe eset. see oaee en 70,96 VeuT cA eae 136 
Ginti's waa eee eee 70,95 Byfch pei By Reese Wa oe 136 
Vata lidume: 9/0955 sPlasmoponrass- sss sess == ea eee 175 
Prenat UI =e ee 70, 96, 98 lambii, new species__.-..-- 151.154 
imVvad ens eee eee 695925972 MPlataleaailbaenre esse sees ee 237 
InbAYS HOMO obo mo gecmeobe 69, 92 lewCorondia===sessee eee 46 
microcephalum ________- KON94 | Plataleidee 222.25 558 ee ee 237 
pallens sore eee 70,9859 platy chelsea seem sees oe ee 24 
DW GOMIM ES seer ee 69920) | Platy.chirograpsus| s sees 2 eee see 277,219 
Sucinaceum-. 9222-24 e24) 169593 spectabilis_.-.--.--- 279 
Piaya cayana thermophila---- 2... ---2 56, 74,91 | Platypus glacialis ---/-2 2222-22222 22 45 
DIKE: Wala ieee Pr aU Ay AN aN 14) Platysentanvidense = 22222 ssess =e sea 478 
ELC G26 isp sas ops eras a eR SN 13,29, 218 | Platysteira castanea __....----------...- 16 
IPicnorham pn US yeas ee ee seer ona 227 | Platystrophia biforata_-.-..-------- 150, 151, 158 
USUC BS eco eSosesseccestesoss sects eae Gosada 14 | Plectambonites sericea .....--222-- 222-2. 150 
CANUSS ees S Seater ey lee 56 | Piectorthis plicatellasas=sse sees 151, 156, 157 
ITV OW Steines ys et era oS alt as pe 49 | Plectrophenax nivalis.-:---.----22----: 50, 57, 95 
POOR TOTS GS ea cen ae see eatery en 14 | Pleiadia marylandica —-=.-_ =... -=-- 190, 197, 198 
SCIEN NADI ea bo ecs cosa seas uses ace 218) |sPlesiochelysi ses see =e eee 24 
VillOSUSS2sssae st oer ne Sees 56)||Plsthospinaiee sea esses sa ee 166 
VATS eee ae eee eR ee See 49,56 tinichish 232425 re eee 176 
Pil ra mel Be ee A a a ee 272,285 | new species ---.---- 166 
ilu op ares ps spe ale ae aa eee 214, 215 Pleurotomaniidee sases4 ees saree eeee 165 
suleatifrons atlantica.-___- PA lyase YeenKol: Vso A GOR shee eA ee 17, 34, 246 
Hab aot b Fj eat eas can US ei 28 286, 288 | Ploceus fringilloides -----2.---------.--- 35 
ALTICADU Sess Beene be Duane te oale 288) | SPlotus muhussssses eseese esa eee eee 238 


INDEX. 


1069 

Page. | Page. 

PB TISTARC ON Chia ec ee eee DOMn PZ OLAMON NACL OPUS sense eeene see eae ee 284 
Genuratate 2 ses Sa5 sane ease 367 Mareanitarium! sos ssss sense ene 283 
REST U CEOs sae see ees sonia 367 IMAL SaTbALS eee ee 282, 283 

J OlaM er meee te Soc dee oa eee 367 : Meecilel. see ae aa ee ee 285 
INIONG Gat ee ec ae awe ence 367 Tei A EH ohana s ee TS CRS 288, 284 
IRodiceps terse sees es ae sooo ee aa ene 218 Menlatusee se sees seme eee ee 282, 284 
AUT GUS pee i paar yee Dail Olam ONAULCS mae en eet pea 282 

Crista tu Stser eee eens ase 45, 52 PNAC = besos Soassaanse 282, 283 

pelzelniit= eS eae ee see 235 anchietzpeeesseseess ee 282, 283 

eUNO Ts COMMIS wee te ee eae 69 SOS EL UI OTs yalee pee Soa = EERO Oe 

ID ella, AKC Se tet es ee ae 414 alllarya vee ed 282, 284 
MEWESDECLES sees ee eee aa 472 lopnvoraabhan, 3 o555 255556 284 

eC ON aaa eee ae eka eee 472 bayonianus--------...... 282,284 
GIS o eis Seam eeey ee eee I 414, 474 Chanyainesi seers eae ae 285 

ME WAS PCCLlOS = see eee 473 GUNG Sob SA esen a cesea eee 

Crt Chale eee ees ee Neos 414 GholonbhaN 5H soos sooosS 284 
MewISWe CIES Ss = osname 471 Ghwlompiss: Coo oe Sees ceSace 282, 284 

OG Inte COA eee eet ee ees 414, 473 emarcinatiunage =e 283 

new species --:-.-------- 474 margaritarium _____.-_- 283 

DUlbVeTULeN tape sees eee ee 472 margaritarius_.----.---- 282, 283 
TE OM O Rie eee ees Ce ee 473 Oe ature ee een 283, 284 
IRolyiboroidesiradiatuss=-=--4----2------- 239 perlatuste ee 282, 284 
Polyborus brasiliensis -...-.---.-------- (2a eo Gaim oni dl oe sees eee eee eee 272, 282 
GION WE Naess cose pebese CaSs5— DOW 90s MZ OberlOCe GaSe se eee eee 151, 172,173 

IP OMALOMUSPess seen eas cosa awaste esos 2 NOW less assess neeeneeses 173 
FROM ORGS eases on ee ease sewaect cela usess ul peratincolasibill aes sees eee 245 
Pontederia natans-_------..---- ee arose 312 Sy billapseass Sees eee 245 
TEXONALRO VON aU CS) ee enous ORS PASS rh can GE: amaeeiseee ones eee eek ale ae heey eS 151,173 
: Cataphracbusyssssss sees s=s 311 PROMISH era eee ee ee eee 150 
IROTAMID OMG doses ase tee ase eee eae 158 TAVUL TE alae eee es ort ee ene 150 
IPORCell an aye ee ee ee See 308m mM eriONOmMast xs =e=s= aaa eee 326, 333, 362, 382 
foelila nese. ear sea eee 308 american assess eeaseeeeee 349 

MAb bOSIe sna aoe saaiaaeotioweses 308 MOLIOM ew eas cce esa aees 362 
Speclosagsatesse oscar ose see SOSM PE TION OM US eaeeeem eres aeee eee 335, 342, 367 
IROTCOllani dae ase sete eee ae oe e 274, 308 Chloninus pass sees sees 367 
Porcellanid eases: <2 ss- sees meee eeees 274, 308 TOM AENTOIS oo eSou aoaouEneoS 367 
IR ORL OS Peseet eeeaecee sack bess lon eee es 180 tilianis 722 2 ee ae 367 
IRQ ROGIIATIS Gay Ml esos ooseeo Sedsoo SSeceS YD: p> IPretoyayoyorole> 355 oes ceso coos n5 ado cees 19, 36 
new species ---------- led 55a erocellariatcapensiseass- sss: sees ener 60 

Smithigs joes eee ee atees 155 | glacialise es) fh sss teen: 71 
IROnOSAS TO bISmenaaeree tae ee eee te mere 430 | Proctacanthus rufiventris -.....-------- 251 
PPOGbUM IG dome sees oe hake ete oat ete Bi25289R  ErOocbo by p10 cess ae ee een = ee ae 326 
TEXO TRIOS) Ses hee eee 28082925 Procyonlotone soem ees aenee name 68, 99 
CORLUSALUS ee ese ee eee 292 | IProgne/SUlbISeeee eee e eae eee 51, 58, 78, 96 
ediwakdSitaasssrees ose seme 289, 290 NeSVeCTUS eee eee 51, 96 

hastabusiease ese s-- ese eee 289.290) || Protonotatiacitreaa-ss-4-- ==. eee =s === 70, 97 

Talla S eae ee Lees 289,290 | Protowarthia pervoluta _._..-..-_-.---- 164 

USTs ae e Seep ee 292 penvolubustes==-seeae = 151 

MU OT sees ese Late ee ewee ase 29a Proto wielsulil Geos essa eee 164 

Strigilig nj oee se sie fees OOM MProtrema tase: sees aero e eae se eee 156 
Valigusmesscoer sa Setar ss ae 2o9neesalidoprocnemitens sess se seoes ees 17 

Porzana noveboracensis -.-..-:-------.- 65,86 | Psaltriparus flaviceps-_---.------.-------- 58 
Posid onpy ali Gusie ase ae ees eae 289 | MINN USS ee eee eee 74, 79, 98 
PObamMOnge Se Se Par Sues ote ieee 252 el ESAMiImM Obiaesen an eee eee ee eee ee 108 
airiCanuSes tess eo ane eee ae 2825 28S ml MESA MOSOleN ese ease ee eee eee 108 
anchie tee) fose. acc sseeeteeecens 282, 283. | Gumingianusee ses eee 108 

GNUU OVEN ase teeta te Be atl ese es 282, 283 Sanctrae-mantheoysseas= ose 108 

Ibalaryaees eee os ee nen oe Sate sro pak sl Tessie lenvehACnOlS) saoous noose Soecocoo ei Sieos 398 

bayOnTe MUI see ee 284 Gecidomiuyl sous seen eee 396 
loEVOMlENNbIS Sos besso5 peHesS oose 282, 284. new genus ---------- 340, 346, 396 

TON SWAAZ Sy esa a yn 285 Mita Gus) s2=seee ee eee 396 
Cain py ieee eee nee ee 285 TFouundiformis == -seseee- 396 

CHa ane Sika eee ste eee 285m Pseudococcusiacenriss == se osse see eee 407 

GeGAZ C1 ae eae ee eee 282, 283 Vill C@B0 i sens es eee 373, 390 

Glib oyhbb anes meter Beer 5 284 | Pseudocossyphus sharpei---.-.----------- 244. 

Gib iusw eee eee oa ene eee 282, 284 sharpilese 2 es 244 

emanrcine buImMesassscee eee eeeae 25m lelsillopamciculatamesssesse- see cesese eee 260 


1070 INDEX. 
Page Page 
Psilopa mellipes, new species----------- 2EOM Reali sabe lina eee 65 
TMIBIAVINEV Aco dose case cosoeoouses 260 Dlumibeiventiri Sass sees 65 
Psilophr ys sss. me ose eee eee 334, 342, 362 tricolorseas ee eee eee 65 
EUGTINA Days ces Sage eae Go) || Illness @piilerel os secace boc doe ates once 236 
aTMa buses ssa ence eee 362 obsoletusee. seu =. 5 aes eer 65, 75, 86 
hyalinipennis 22225225 essses- 381 VAG So NS ee 65, 75, 86 
loneicornis = s=s= sas eeee B02) |p@ama Mare S52. aie fe cer eet a eee ee ee eee 299 
Pallichipesisse eee wae pees 362 dentatiss=: sos ee eee 299 
Pallipes eves exe yes ere 362 TAIN. 3222 see nan eee oer pee 299 
pulchripennishe=sseess ees 330, 359 Serrata ys e eo set een ees 299 
Psilopusloneicorni Seas eee a aes 252 ili" TRevmim a cee yeaa sk era wp 273,299 
POGLSOLICeNSISi ees ee eee 252 | Rathbun, Mary J., on decapod crusta- 
1 BISSUH EE KONO 2) as Se er ea MS 240 ceansiof Wrest Atricajas=2-- 2 s=-seeaee 271 
TRISTE ROUISS TANEXEO 2 bea sa coc Sasos Ses Beecee real) |) IRCeXGSVOUBKOUUNN KES 149 
AD ye ea aes a Nee aes Bhs Seth Se A ee eet 2 eeteegen 410 ERACMOWS sano scecosees 147, 148, 153 
IPsyllecp hag ssa se eee eee ere eee 345, 383 TNGOMOML oo ee Soe oae boson 147 
ION, SNS - oo secosktsos 339, 382 occidentalis@===s- === 147, 148 
OC Lay) Siyalll cs yey ns 383 OWEN Ds 2222s ee ee Uae 147, 
trioziphacucee sesso ena 383 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153 
A Beep Ub Molkeeyitipe ern Sa ee a ea Pe Pacis BZOH | MEVE Ge bel CULT Clee sees eee a 152 
Psyllobora 20-maculata 2222-22-22. 2222: 378 | Recurvirostra americana--_..-.---- 54, 72, 76, 87 
Pterellipsisramaneay ssa eae eae 270 avVOCebtase: este ee eee 54 
Pteromalus\chrysScusesss2s2 2 eee eee Gy) |) lecreauloricloess Inhalt 2-32 oe hoe co ecne ook 223 
ATMAC WIA TCO meena aeeee eee S98) Re gualus Sart ireup ape ee eee a eee 70, 98 
scutellatusiss eee =s eee 360 VOrUs iota cae eee 70 
Pterosphenus schucherti-_._._._.--------- 21 | ReMmIpess sons aie Sy Rae eee ne 301 
Pterygometopus eboraceus- ------------ 17 adactylaic: ss se ea ee eee 301 
SOOUTId oye 176 CubenSise 222522 eee eee 300 
new spe- Sscutellatulst= == === s—- =e 300 
cies __-_- 151, 174 testudinarius === === aee 301 
Ptilomyia enigma, new species __---__-- 26228 SRhipidomellaees sases== == eee aes 156 
IN, PRES oe 6 bocHs ose o Ress 2618) RhiZoObiusid Sbilisis=s-2 esse ee eee 389 
Ptychoramphus alenticus---.---------- 4302 C0 Eni ZOCOCCU Sis e at = eee eae eee ae 411 
TEV OMOWHROPANE) sSebed Se cosa Seconeabeososes PPA || lRilaVOy OOO KEI oo 2 hos coke seoo coco Coane aascac 348, 408 
THN OSSMEIS caso Gooncemenals 227 CLtTinUsS! 2.67 eee 408 
FWerasiaigiol Gl ciclo aes ae eee eee 209) “RIO PUSS 22. ese ees ee ee eee 407 
macrolopha biddulphi _------- 209 COCCOIS eae Se a ees 407 
Puerto Rico, dipterous insects from-_--- 249 debilis-.222 eo 3S eee eee 407 
Putinusibulleniaeaess sass ae 59, 60, 64, 84 ATU S CAL See eee eee 407 
GHOENIO DOS ssocco sossocacs 59, 60, 64, 75, 83 PISO lo A ese ee eee 407 
PERM ccooaso5se 44, 59, 60, 64, 65, 71, 75, 83 testaceusc. 282 so 52 eee eee 407 
STriScuSeeee eae HANS ONGONGAa leoOnSoueeo aimee nny c On ell alesse eee 149, 158 
beMUit OS bTIS eases se ae 59, 60, 64, 84 IMerebescens!ss-=sesee sees 158, 159 
IPulivinariae sos eee Ss oe ae ee Ss oe 387, 388 minnesotensis-____-_----- 158 
GPO Sonees Soccos castes 361, 3845391) |) Rhynchotrema capaxs+--sssssseeeeeeee 159 
ibapolbloovencey apObts | fe oe einen 405 ineequivalvis--_- 150,151, 158, 159 
UTI C Ola eee ey eae 250 subtrigo- 
VilbISpes eters ae 352, 361, 388, 390 nalis---- 159 
IPULOLIUS Ler IM IMU Spy see eee ee ay ee 68, 99 minnesotensis ____---.-- 158, 159 
eaellerpale) Ga Geet eA See 99) perlamellosum --------. 158, 159 
Py. CON OL GcS ee eee ae ee acne 14,30,248 | Rhytidothorax marlatti _._.--..-------- BYWS 
Pycnonotus! barbabtusyssssseeeseass a=—s=— 3l : new species --- BYWe 
gabonensis- -_--_- 15 new genus--_..-:---- 337, 344, 377 
SADONeN SIS = eee eee 15,16 | Richardson, Harriet, onanew species of 
PyicnorhaniphU saseee ss eee eae 227 Idotea from Hakodate Bay, Japan___- 131 
fLeberold esas asa eee 227 | Richmond, Charles W., on a new bird 
Pyrelliacochricornisaee ese sese ere 256 of the genus 
Py TenestesiCOCcineMS =a] espe seenee = 17 Dendrornis - 317 
ID WARANUIPLIS sSatoscadeeneesde eke savas MAE ee 14 on three new 
Py telialbi coloreeees eens eee 35 birds from 
Quercusjacritoliaa=sass eee e ee ene 386, 412 lower Siam - 319 
bla CtOriay esse sees a sees 388 s|paRile vias <.32b eee oe ee er ere 405 
Querquedula querquedula----....------ 209 splendens 2ae4--2s- eee eee eee 405 
@Quiscalusiquisculay esses esee eee BOR OA RA aia) sees ee eer rere 227 
Rachy centroneeses-seee seer eee eee 2 | Rissa tridactyla pollicaris ------------- 44, 58, 81 
Ratimesquimaplatalesen ese ee seas ae eee 1501) MROCCUS/-55252 Sascseee eee eee eee 2 
a BWCH Hb o ks ypeyeea ey Scere RD Loe BaP SURI 265236) | PROSCLS WELD seea ae eae sae eee eee eee 182, 183 


INDEX. 1071 
Page. Page. 
EROS OTS am Wifes eee eee eet ee me 182,183 | Seelya ulrichi, new species -.-........-- 151, 166 
SahORGiaprm OG CS hae amen eee 151, 163 VentricOSa2 2 iesi sea se ee 166 
Dalpinebesiobsolebusesssse= sees nee ee Zoom moe laSsphoOru stall Griese ss eee eee 230 
seule eilloreollhis) —- sean nod ee 74, 97 TUES Pee Ree Nts epee eaten Ue 92 
Santa Barbara Islands, California, birds Selenoides iowensis_.._-.-.-.-.-------.-- 153 
TO ROMAN, 6 SAG eo ees Le ee Re eae ea 229 Selicanisicinereo] amass 414,481 
Sapromny7aisOrndid ae sess seen ee eee 258 TMEV (ACTS <b costeaceonseeeee 481 
SHY OMRON NS es ee ane See 258 TOY GOKU So Se a aes 481 
Sarcophaga diversipes, new species. --- iis |) (SeibieReeninis: a2 Sse ane Se ee et 325 
f IpranoeiNS sess cas Skencasase Osi | Serene lope) S255 252 55k eee 310 
CEGKUE: a eaccssesese5oesss5 Odd OC PSIG Boar t See ha ee oe eee a Se 259 
lint ho Dyas eee Odea LS SSIS e000 SUlll ey Te] Sepa eae re 259 
ARCOM MALT EO eens sweeten ee E Bath |) SOQUESESE) Ao oe cee eee Sanenoenoseeee Tn IeyL Teh 
See TTIO aed TT ee ene ei eer De OY ORI LOR DESI Ss wiGy se eae none 194, 195, 198 
CUUIATENRUIN. (nose cbsacseoense 281 | sexradiata ___.__ 190, 194, 195, 197, 198 
SHPOM PENA HANSEN a 236 Sulbraim osama eee aan ae 194,198 
OWN NR < Sees ae enes ees Zon SCLINUS DUST Smee eee en 224 
Saxicola oreophila, new name-_-_-_-.._--- PPA || srielboray qeerarambabs. ooo oe 326, 378 
TOM aM aay se oa ene ns ee ayes Bal ey SSE nRat Ry Sces uo aan ae Ue AL eT aS 277, 275 
picata capistrataras-s-s--seeoss 221 SETI CAT Biers an oe eer Mie ere 280 
SAVORING) TASTIER NOG) = Hoek = ao Senne atose 230 airs CATT eee eee ae mea ae 2380 
Say cite ee) Uercens e na OS BWANA NE) «cdo boacsotds toss ess= 2719 
ScalophasarexoblCaimesssae ee sa ena 257 PINGING. Ss Gaeocosonossenes 280. 
Neatophacl domes see eee nee ee 257 lortovenelbehruban ooo) see 279 
SIODUOMSS TFs ey oa eee a oEee ene 250 (oblijegonteiel | oo coe eee ocas 280 
SCE OMe MR ee ice sa aie We ee 26 GUD Vait ae oS eee lee wis es ee 281 
WeIaoNaN Tee Ae ees ee ee 378 Ub YWENGUNAM, ono Sebo ooeoceen eco 281 
HECDELOD MOTUS es eee 388, 345, 371, 381 CLO PATI SiGe CaN ee Is wes TULA pate jet 280 
CONVEX Suara ane eee 381 Tephoner mono | oe sooo eons oence 280 
hyalinipennis----..-...- 381 TO DET bie E ates Nae ken copie mee 279 
Sceptricens=ses ae aes 381 VIOIACOdi as cay eee ean eee 281 
SOU Sie iy Sn rea tie Solu mS euae OLSEN bis peeee eeeee eeeee 418 
FIO LOB HAGE i estes ee era aR pt UE Nore ao 489 quebecensis, new specigs._._ 413, 417 
LSU CIS Me aaa eye oe eee 489 | radiatus, new species__._____ 413, 418 
Ghinyseliluisme sas an neta eee eae 489 | VELMA Sie see owt ease 418 
CNT a Geaheeret ete ay eal Mae cea COE SO) ls SHOVES Oates eo Sa hsa MeEne Seno mar man ae GaSe 99 

Mew SPECiesmess esses sees 488 | Shells collected in Heron and Eagle 
Con cliull avers Seren, Sey eee AS Om el akceSeVETl CS 0 ie) eee a eae ee 135 
@pbang iil bij ee eee eee ane 488 | Sialia mexicana occidentalis. -_-....-__- 51,57,99 
OGullaGayae eee he sO ae 414,489 SlalistsY see. Se aaa) cee uio Aiea pe wee 52,99 
new species _....-.--.--- a | SMONAOMMIEH os hace Bou So Uoe bas Hao Soca neoue 311 
Te vaubioymonNtey we ee ee 414 Scull pitas sa ee cee 311 
new species.___-_-.-- ASepolSaloessaiblcol ores aaa eas 267 
Schizoneuraaquaticai es ss0 22-2 8e asso e S00R OISmodusicanicepssssssserenees eee 36 
Schuchert, Charles, on the Lower Silu- Sieniphorais se ees ore epee me eyo eta 323, 409 
rian (Trenton) fauna of Baffin Land- 143 alley OCIS eee pees nears 412 
Scobidsscutavussea=- sees eee 34 new species-_--_---- 409, 412 
Scolecophagus cyanocephalus ._._..-__- 51, 94 aspidioti, new species ____.- 410, 412 
Scolopacidecese see eee eee eee 11, 207, 235 australiensis, new species__ 409,410 
NcolopaxFouanuUseeseee tees ae 208 UVC TIED ese oe rere a aps saa ee 400 
SCODSHyUIbIL UT Geer ee ae ee ae ees 239 | bifasciata, new species_-_-_-- 409, 411 
Sconpeonichihy See esses sees eee 2 PPM ONGNE 5 Soaie aoe eoeee 399 
SCOMAap Le xTCINCT eae =e see ees 66, 91 coquilletti, new species --.. 409,412 
Seydlari dee sees aos ae laste See Nes 274, 309 dactyiopii, new species -... 409,410 
Scydlarideshe ssa ia Sek Se ee ee 309 Havopaliiata sess =9 = seee need OOK Aa 
Lathes hee Sa ees S Soe ea 309 mexicana, new species ---.- 409, 411 
SCy lar Spee ee eer ee a ew ee 309 nigra, new species--________. 409, 410 
aieniGAanUS essa eee eee 309 noacki, new species ____.__- 409, 410 
arctus paradoxus---------.--- 309 occidentalis =a as 409, 411 
Ghat want. Sees ee ee ae 309 rhizococci, new species __.. 409,411 
om dae eee ee een 309 POSH avian wlOLId copes se 399 
Or OLSIe aes aera see a ee 309 townsendi, new species ._.. 410,412 
VER GDI ae ake eee ey ae eae 309 unifasciata, new species ___ 409,410 
SS Gyan S rates eee ale ea Naeer tAG SoM MOleNiphorin dee eee eee 23, 324, 409 
AW VAbONS 5555 Sadoes Gosces Sole Ste) | ISHIDA oe oe peo eco es TOE}. 08). 
See livermenes ters eames aie a anya: ses 166 Cilba eee Sas re Eee ea ee ea 109, 110 
UDO abl Ae Os Sa ee eee 176 AM CHICA TAR seven a ubs EN a as 109 


1072 INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Siliquiagbonealisieessss esas ease ee 109'1) (Solemas2oe. 22.5 a2225 2a sees eee tee ences 107 © 
Calikonn Cae ee eee 109 PRON OWEWIOS) sacade cfeses Seecen enone 107 
Costaba ete seers eens 108, 110 Obliqia se esa eee 107 
ID Yeri(o ely a0 ak A ea pee eres ert oe 109, 110 PUGS) os oe Na em eed eee _ 108 
TIVO Ciao ea ne a pa epee ae 109 MAO Soleni dieses. aie seca Se see eee 107 
TMU ttaliane Eee Negra eenmen eeee 109s SSolenocuntus!\s2seessseaee eee eee eeeeee 108 
mt bali ae ts Pee eee ree 109 | Spheerium solidulum-.----.------.-------- 137 
Patwlakee- esha a ee ese le 109 SPE GOD NON oocoa conc oocaesse = 137 
V/EhosNbIE) Oss SomseseoosoS LOOMS phesropisthus/s=s ses eee ee 335, 343, 369 
Wecwabyneenlhal @ 109 annulicornis, new spe- 
Toul Chinese Sees Romer RE ee 110 Cies tae ee em ae oem 369 
STREUGLEL A SU ec RET ee 109 | auriceps, new species__- 369 
TOStLALUS a eee eee ee eee enone 110 PASCUOTMMy = === es sea 369 
SQUAT aR es eee ene 108,109,110 | Spatula clypeata --.-.-...----.-.---- 62, 70, 71,85 
Siliquaniaye: blouse sees = aan 111 | Speotyto cunicularia hypogzea--------- 48,91 
Silliman’s Fossil Mount, description of - 144°) Sphenolepis2=2222 222 == nate sooo oeeee 329, 853 
geology of _-- 144 | pycimcea 6 ee ene eee 354 
Simorhynchus cristatellus--_-.-.. -------. 52,80), Sphiyneenay esse ee eee tole opel seat 
(OSHS ao sodeesesesece 52, 80 | argentea 2.0. hase 1,10, 114 
: TON ASAIN SWISS Ses medce acon 52, 80 | osteology of _.---.- 8 
Simpson, Charles Torrey. Synopsis of le Splyarcomid cosas seeee ss ae ee ese eee 1,114, 115 
the Naiades, or Pearly Fresh-water GiaenoOsis\of = asess =e 3 
IMT Se sy aeeerat ete eis Sia NaI Nn Ne 501 | Sphyrapicus thyroideus ..___......-.-_-. 49, 91 
Sip Ormasys tea ieee ear ans a ate re 265) a spllosale in ternuptajeess- eae eee eee 68, 100 
Smith, John B. A Hundred New Moths | Spins: pinus2 2 Se ee ee 51,95 
of the Family Noc- PSsaltrige see ees 51, 94 
THONPOS Se ML Ua 413 | Sristis: 222 See as 78, 79, 94 
on new species of noc- | Spirifer mzequivalvis _..-.-..-..-.-_--_- 159 
turnal moths of the I SDINODACUTUS = ==s-36—-— == =se see 302, 307 
genus Campometra-- 101 | elegans v2. soso 307 
Solecurtoi desea ae eee ee 108 | Spizella socialis arizonee ._.._--...---. 51, 95, 232 
MahantensSe sass eeee eee 108 | Sporeeginthus melpodus -_-..----_.----. | 17 
TRAGHERHOS ooacesoscdco seuocs 108 | Starks, Edwin Chapin, on osteological 
Bayless eee eee eae 108 | characters of 
Solecurtus 34-bit teeae ecto n ae neeeeee 108,111 | fishes of the 
MOlNMSH sh Ssee ase oe ease alitalt suborder 
ST rae a aso a ree ante 107, 108 Percesoces -- 1 
Complanatuseseeeeeeses eee eee 112 on osteology 
CONSUGICTUS pease ee eee ee eens 112 and relation- 
GiviSuss2 eke ses tee een eee 112 ship of Dina- 
GNSiS See ue Se eee 107 | lestes lewini-_ 118 
SVE MONO Specs cobase ceeodS 108m Staunomed ust sss eseeee e eee eee eee 125 
alo) OL TSE as AEE SoS SES 111 | Stearns, Robert E. C., on a new variety 
PIAS seas eee ae ee 109 of Haliotis from 
ere TT Chi Soa eee at te oO 109 | California --__- 139 
STNG CUM EM LTS Hie ee eee a Te te eae ee 112 on shells col- 
JAP PeANnUSie ese ae clos Se eee 109 lected by Ver- 
Mea PIS et eee eee ra ey UO aie ae ane, 109, 110 | non Bailey in 
NTIS AGUS AS ee SL CN 109 | Heron and 
ALY EUPTN UTS yen san Se an EI ACE 107 Eagle lakes, 
IdM RPSALAANGUIS) oso sock eto duce aneee 107 Minnesota. --.- 135 
fads p-Ghach bisa Ser ner aS ae eae 109s Steleidillas sso. Ss sees eee ee eee 15 
MCKEAN OOS S34) eek owns Sodeoe Seseoe 108 | Sracihinostrisssss sees eee 30, 31 
new species .--.--.-.- 110 liberiensis - -- 31 
TDL SUL scares ope nee anon Mi 109 STracilis S252 ces a eee Bil 
COV OVO TU es eerie py a ebae ee eb ae Ne 107 new genus------- Sahn ae 30 
OD]IQUUS  S2o 2 ee nae Bie 108,109 | Stenomicra angustata, new species ---- 262 
Hip Minar Ua ee eee 107 | ' NOW: PONUS = seston 262 
Tadiatus ses. 2 eee eee 1O8M09s | Stenorynchu sis ss see eee 293 
LOSACCUS Hache Se saa See emer S 108 phalaneium == -9e se eee 293 
TUGIS ese eee oN Ee aes ee 107,108 rostratus, var. spinu- 
SICATIUS SSeS Aa CA ey Set 108 lOSUS oS ee eee 293 
SUT amen See a SE ey ee 107 Sasi htArlUSeeee eee 293 
splendensvs2 es uae See en eee 109 | Stenoterys------------2---2-------- 329, 356 
Stricilatwsneseaece eee e ee eee 108 | Onbitalis@e=s-sse-e eee eee 306 
ESTATES Se RRR re a ee LL 109 | Stercorarius pomarinus -----.------ 44, 53, 59, 81 
VATIGISe oes ews n eee Neen ene oa 1ORAOONSterna bergi vs.s.s-he ae ere eens 44. 


erocN. ME Viole xoat 68 


INDEX. 1073 

Page. Page. 
Stennarcantiaca sees ae eee Ad eMac hy, Git: Orn ae eee 251 
GAS playa ss tesco sat ea se esses 44 | Alawida saos2se ae eons 251 
ROLS Teese Py ee eat epee eee ORO | Tadorna cornuta.-..--..---------------- 43 
HIT UN On Cee ean eee A De GH MAO OLUS) Lia setae seta oae Bere So ene ee 111, 112 
ISSUING So coce cesedeoccs 206 GiviSUS eahss sent ese meee ne eeee 110 
TIARA aren ee cena ee eee 44,53, 82 Gomi uy eS se ee ee ee 112 
TTNETN UG eee ys <i Oat aay eS Seen ae Ae fi ilo USte sae eet eee eye emt 111,112 
tibetan ays ores ee 206 Dlatensists =: hse ae eee eee ee 111 
Stenmhocomayse.. 255+. sess hese =e O40, 400 poeyi, new species ------------- 112 
DE ChOVOLAMAMOSa as a seee see eee eee 149s hanaerana elim) 1 casas sae eee 17 
SuNAOM UNE) IIE Coes Sates bocsno Bose 16 | Tanaoneura --.------- Bocdeneesoeecas 337, 344, 377 
SHLOMO XySiCaAlCltranse- sense as eee 256 | ashmieddiieees =a eee 3i7 
Sthraulomyplid owes. es seen see See O50 MR ATGAU SECIS ba UUs eee ee ene 236 
Strepsilas interpres___...._-.----------- (ene at pinyGeratid ae esmses see see are 173 
Streptelasma corniculum. .---..---- L4G Seal 5A Ee Rautoga seas oes ets eee tenes 2 
THONG WIT ACTO eo oseconme ese OR tehchapratchorisiees ae ssee eee aes 18 
Streptelasmidepes-—-s-ptesa eee eee ee aa ee Chit nea yaar eer aaa eee ee 245 
StrissbrachyoOvus == seen seee see eecne aes 48 mittata ceca. 2s = sesaersesveeses 245 
TAO ee SS Sa ae ha 48 | nigriceps's 22s seeek al esas 31 
Marea eee erase ees sees See Aad VAT GIS eek 28s Nestea eee ta 16 
Me bulOsaysosas teeta naa ea ee ASmihiDechnitessesss=s-cmcss chee see eer owas 407 
TMOG LU ase Seer re ees ae UL idealele ora hls sees ee eee nee ee ee eee 403 
OL US Bae oe eee i acer nr 48 | mirabilicomis--- espe seed 403 
FD AUSS Eo Bee yma Sete nee ee Tau Melesillay sa se2csa tse eects As eeenee 482 
TAINCONE,  SosessS GAoSoenssuoesoee ASSO Relikinomny eel evatalee see eae ee 149 
PULRCOMOAING, 34 bono Ke cdes Bosoed 218 | Telophonus'australis-_----_-.---2-------- 18,19 
SHPMIIY TMAEINEY So oomco ceeceooe eeoouS eee 57,94 | USSheriae esses 18,19 
meclectayes ss ee 50, 94 | leucorhynchus.-......--...- 18 
Me PLE C tal a aces eerie ata oe 231 | Sen egalus ated eee ee 18 
SHUN NG ES) Sie Ss Sa Ree Beane 36, 228, 247 PTvan ib US sae ee 19 
Sturnus menzbieri ._.--.___...__..---... 228 Wssherie 2s see eine 18 
vulgaris menzbieri__--.-._-.-_- Paya | AN Palmas vant hayes acy ame ker he Ss 158 
SSbival ola OTs Aiea ee a ere Sie cea 180m shemnodonisaltaton=esesssseeees sone eeee 113 
Sul wlitid cone esas, ooo pes ee TGS 3) UbleraneKonubhwesosse cacose scco seeds cececs seeS 150 
SUC CIN CARO ell Sys sens eee ee ee San eephribisspene sayin awe eens ene ne eee 258 
SS UN aera ee ee ee a Se pe re A escent 84 | Tephrodornis ochreatus -_--_--.-.------ 19 
Blo Sacer eeuae Seer eer pes ee, AS GORS4 eer DSi ph ON Om as eee asses ese ee ee ee 245 
SENSE OE See rene nein Daa 45, 60, 84 | Crista tases see ees 16 
FSCO OND Se eae cee ae ek Ba 84 | MVEA CEOS po oesoesko. sooesS 31 
SViviaenrybo ron oases ses sense eee 22 |) MRSSHUCIO) ccscosen 255059 gone cacasosn SRases 21, 22,23 
SSVilivall loose eer ee ce eigp a amen ese ee 223, 244 | WU YS) fe) eae yea ee aca LL 21 
Syst ni S eee ese wee eee vt 301 | Tetrabranchiata --_-------..------------ 169 
; WEIONOED ons eo cencsneceseues Bil |) “UetneaOlevGlit 225 costco es ce seb ace 330, 332, 357, 358 
Synedoida subtermina __._.__._.._-._---- 414 | OT ACTAG Sey asst carne unt eae 358 
new species -__- 492 | COQ RELIVE re ae 358 
Synopsis of the Naiades, or Pearly |) GbermeNeMG iT nn Cosceseeonenosoessdcooses 333 
Fresh-water Mussels, by Charles Tor- Meatracnemoideas- = sees seeees aaa 329, 331, 357 
RE VAS PSON ssf esa ve Mane es Ae Ss 501 | australiensis ________.- 857 
Synthliboramphus antiquus.__________ 43, 52, 80 | Tetracnemopsis, new genus -------- 330, 332, 358 
Symtormontbanbatusmess---o5 ee eee 252 > westwoodii _____..-.-- 330, 358 
Syrnium aluco biddulphi --__.__.___..... Peet racnemiu Smee seen et ere ee 329, 332, 357, 358 
foveal dala eee eee 218 diversicomiss==--s- ae ee= 357 
MOVOOUO HWM, SoS sass eocoeeesaooe 48, 90 Aoridantist=s= = sees ee 348 
RS VAIS 1d Ge yee aise aS Te Sa any er 252 WestiwOOGil san ==s senna 358 
Syrphophagus flaviclavus __....____.--- Sie) |) nkevarereormlleh | ok ood bese eeos seaden Goeses 154 
mesograpte -----.---... 398 | Tetralophidea bakeri ------.------------ 348 
moderatus; ese ee 398 | new genus__- 327,330,348 
new genus __._.____- 330, 346, 397 new species -_--- 348 
quadrimaculatee____._.. 398 | Tetralophiellus brevicollis -_---..-.--...-380, 357 
submetallicus._..______- 398 | new species 357 
VE CLIUS eee rasa eee 398 | new genus --_-----.- 330, 332, 3857 
Shovel eset Moe Pee ee S98meMetranotaLrobsoletacs = ee ssese seas eae 151, 164 
Machardiavalibizzige =a) 2 ese ee eee BOBmil Metra ole upl dom ers sae at ney eee eee 66 
UNE @laubaniG ra ee Se eee ee ee ae ee ee 253 Mad araTensis yaa == sae ae 238 
Machy.cinetasbicolor=sss.=- pss sas ee 51,58, 97 TICGhaTrd Sones essa ee 67 


1074 


INDEX. 

2 Page. Page. 
Tetraogallus tibetanus-=-----2-2) 222222 209 | Trenton fauna of Baffin Land---...-...- 148 
Me trastichsne- a3 see esesse eee ete eee 825 EOSSINS! 2 S22 5 Ga Se oreo 149,150 
GATTI, wnctsa ceceeeen Seco cSeeccescnces BM, 29Q || WinerroMiGles 5c. ocdoss coaceetcetesscsonea- iW 

DMibeomaaidel cain alee eee Oe} || Mba ROMAN PIS) CAC = onan eoncsn cose eee soe 149 

Mhalassidroma leachi-.---2- 252-222-2222: GO) |] “AMeKClOloniis Chee - sa ome een essen 270 

el aed Ca eeeae ese GOR tei Choc ecbes tess =a eee 41, 67 

SV alll @ 10 pee 60 Calikonni ct Sass 68 

Mhalassinid Camas sss in een eee eee 274, 808 CAStORIS se sae ae eae 68, 96 

Thalpochareseeressesteo a ese ees 491 Clim axe ee ye ey eee 67,99 

Garr apes ae Aun pene pe noe ae 490 CLRASSUSS eee ee eee OS NOS 

Mieimmophilusisabin clea ssse a4 == see eee 18 S COM, CS ee eee OD 

DURA MMACUOMERS  sanenestonesoeses sesse 282 Tiina) aS | eee eee 68,99 

aAnomalipeseese sss 282 roajolaaGhis ooo 68, 100 

Mhawmmeatibisioisanteaess== =a e mans 319 parallels === === eee 68, 99 

Nivel nu Sayeyend Cain clo eer eee 283 ORME UIT OMIOSHNS 67,99 

AINGMWNES Bos eo seoos seebeese 283 Quadraticepssss = sass 68 

Bi blove Al ee eer Seay 283 TObUSUS Hs Sea see OOKOO 

QUINT DTA cl pene ea eae 283 Scalanis: = seas. ass eee eee 67,99 

[eect lketa ates eee VE eo Se Ura 284 SCtOSUS eee eee aa SOS 

anyone ey elena me eee 284 spheerocephalus -_-___.__- 68, 99 

Chayanesieeseeaeeses ya 285 Subrosbratus 922-5 eos oo 

ASCATeM yes cw iyi SEEN: 283 Giblalis's= ac sss eae 68, 99 

GUUL Tae eee eee ee es nes 264) PeAriChOdecti clas ees) sas aaa ee 67 

CwaPASMAey Sooo sake oosoekas 283 | Tricholema gabonemse ____._..._---_-.- 13 

Maro aribestee sae eee eB) || AMPK AAS HOS 2-2 3 oe 345, 881 

SOY es Koala th nA se 28d) | richophorusicterinus. =p === 14 

GB YS) DU GPa eh ect tate era iss) || ADKOlNoyoolhie eimai 5852 oo 414 

perlatar sealer ee cee 284 new species_______- 47 

ETN Te ea sy eueTa ev tsa eee ee ee B60)! | PE RICOpIS: a 222s eae eee see 489 

Thomomy, Sion icon ean eee eee 682905 Shri] bites: oe Sao at Leer Se ee 173 

MnHOraxskOveoOlatuUs ssa a= eee 320m seb OT h'O CIS) sare a 32), otk 

Mhnrasaevoswnaryp yaaa ee OO: eringea, eso 22 eevee Sere een Om amo 

Thryomanes bewickii charienturus.._. 233, 234 Gants aes soe. Bese eae ee : 46 

drymoecus------- 234 hny;palleuicos asses nee 1 28a 

nesophilus_-___-- 234 Islan Giese t= sssee wee aoe 44,47 

Thryothorus bewickii spilurus. ---- 51, 52,79, 98 TANEXOUNAPIEY, = oo sea cas coeseean coos 46 

inmyiseo to suey Meee eerie cease eee eee 69 maculata cei ases eee coe eee 73,87 

MMaARSOGKONa MNOPHO). dooce coon cecasuca seas 397 mn base Lr ee 46 

Thyridopteryx ephemerezeformis- --_---- 353 roawbame nally Bee cee oeesSen cee sao: CH, Out tsi 

Rime liidiae= See. Bee a eee le 243 OGHODINUS Saoace cacoss soceos csceas 207 

Minearevonyriel lan ses ae er eee 395 Sulbanquaita == asses eee 46 

padella sess ee ee eae are 395 Varlabiliss: 322s es. 5) eee 46,73 

Mn eomMyZalssat posse oe eee ee eae 825" \|| Erin Oboe S22 as Se ee ee pete 42,70 

MPTUXCT OM ccase oesoSdake tebe seca sesses 325 itr mersel ty visraay ee 71,85 

Tine ophoGromUs seem seme a ee eee 328 | IhebRIChb a geese tecaese ses ccee (All), tes, lr 

DISTIN GUS eee een 351 | IDG) Den eee Ala ihe 

New, GeNUSwssss esse Gil |} Mbreoyz Chioishonyail -o ae es So Sek aeons s5 =e 383 

INL OT Ae ee eee 351 rane vera) 6 soot coco e 381 

A Bit jut GIG We ey seer oie meth wee Serene 250i skripudiaybalteatayaassaass === ees saan 414 

Viboyexorbis) Inewewehayon Ho Saha A a 28, 29 new species -._------ 489 

KROL chon erthe exaieh an ats i apres ee 434 flaviolasciatass-ss2e-= sae aaa 490 

TRO GTTS Te OTS ee i NINE Mee 245 RO KOtsh eeiregeh ee eae atin Cet 489 

Tortoises, new species of-.-.----.------- 21 IhebpueOseyo oe ae ee ae 414 

TS Ore rim pe SST ay MI ak ea UML 364 new species--------- 490 

WO GANUS ess SSeS se aT a vo an ae 5d) Dristyla oo 52S ae eee se eee 486 

CorHbich arisen on eh aad 46, 54,208 | Trochalopteron simile --_.--.2-...------ 220 

EUS CUS Soe wr 2 Re area ce Tatas 46 | vyariegatum simile -_-- 220 

PIERO ose S aces ueebes seaese AGSPI MANS oye} uke kr sage Neen iC NG eae | 168 

hypOleUCOSE aaa es seed ae 73) irochiluisvailexeia Gieie=55 8) ee eae 57, 92 

ny polewcus ieee oem naam 46 | hana: Sipe ee een ee Sac 56 

IMMEKOOU EHD Sos ene see cosa esto aceS 46 | colubrisse2. == eee 69, 92 

OCHO POS eee ese 46, 207 Tus s. 2s see eee 64 

COGAN S ae eee eae eno 2 (ete S) MrochoGyabhil Saas 202 
eurhimus, new subspe- ij) Trochonema robbinsSims.s)— = eee 167 . 

Clee iass aes eeec oes BOT Z08 Salteniis ic s aeeee 167 

Pre chit ese see eee ee cece ena 326 similisia. 2835 2325 eee 167 


new species ---- 151,163 


O 


INDEX. 
Page. Page. 
Trochonema umbilicatum ____..____-.- ole Gin Aa Xemniash ayn anc eee eee a eee 163 
Brochonemabidcoeeas seas ee ee ae 167 DH OU AL eer acten ye Cn a ner oe 163 
“ADT XOXO DISS eee Bes Sele hae eee IN 151,168,176 | Vaughan, T. Wayland, on new fossil spe- 
densistriatusea= eae eee 168 cies of Caryo- 
Keollirnveelibont 5 sou osessokonase = se 168 phyllia from 
WAS VGMENS 2 Sooo cs 168 California .___. 199 
UN OYROTIMNG ED Saas eeteeiS ees espe cee ee 14 onnew genusand 
MT euMOES vueiees = 52 nee eee Sete 47 species of Tur- 
MrypaAnocorax fru silesusi 2-2 422255 = 5 228 binolid coral 
WMemygpe biG eae aan aise S22 eee ee ees 258 from Japan._._ 199,200 
MIMO MAe yeep a= lt Sere USE}. acheter aera: . ues ie ee aieele 183 
iiuracus macronhynchuss.s)sse4-s5-ess- ake || NATION ON CPM Ele eB Seine aaa hoe Seo 11 
Pies oimao Lay oil Op ae ea ee TSG 19S VAN Soniaistelliferae === esse ans 406 
Turbinolid coral, from Japan, new Wareorbellltiqpusilliicies sess seen ane 97 
SemusaNGspeCles Ole ses ease eee ane es 199, 200 Solibanius{eassimiae sss eee enim TOG 
Biviras lol Olt cas aees seo ses ee ee ue 184 Foun euiseeeeeee 97 
Bis neG dco eee ee Se Se eT WS 2 aes Not mRb i Tee VON WNONS ooo oe es ee 239 
Muscat Skeks Ulla oe Se eae PAGS eA iL bb alto lz=\- ameter toe Sa eer Se er re 210 
grante, new species -------- 820) | Wiest Africas birds from 22.12.22... 21. alte 
Turdus aonalaschkee auduboni --------- 98 decapod crustaceans of __- atl 
aonalaschke auduboni-.---_.----- ilo): Nvdabhincrnyeey se ee es 162 
AUG GUSH eae e ne Seen aes ere 247 SiMmetricusi == sssssa 176 
oairsloey IS ee eesi ene eat eevee weet dl new species. 151,162 
CAMPING DIS Labeed enseooescess acess Zio leaWali hell a tere hahaa a4: Seow Uli eee 163 
CAMS eas eae OE eee es eee 222 : AEC HCUSI a seeo ems teee ne See mae liz 
AUEIIBN oes ses ee ae le tee ah ene 242 new species--__-.-.--. 151,163 
leucoraste nis ess ee lees 36 TUS ert lan ale eee Seay ee ee ae 163 
MAGA ASCATICNSIS = 95s ee eee 2 RAE AS eels ee ot ee Se ie eee 286, 287 
ITT OT yee ore hee te area 79, 99 melanodacty lisse ane 287; 
TUISHUMA TUS i Lae eee ONG Sra PONTE Osaeees Wee eco nse rane eee a 286 
ST ubretauten (ol CU UT US eee ania ae acne 238 [MUI s ceoteosesdes sede ees eas 286 
SUTAGeN SIS a) ne ae renee a mee 210 TeV OSUIS oe tee ere ees eee ke 286 
Mvilasve dar Gi sees 2 = Ue Ee Saree ae 243 VermMiculatiseaesss sass n ewe 288 
Tympanuchus americanus---.-.-------- 66,89 | Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus __..... 57,94 
AT OV MIOCERHOMIIS sates oeoss a S55 nese Gabe 274,275 | Xanthodes melanodactylus ---____.___.. 287 
ANIC STON Sees ea Bua) |) OSewan Wd aCYOlIIS So 55 Sokoe oo nces Saeoes Goneeaek 286, 287 
ey RATIONS peer ee ee ere ne eg ROO Oe DUNC bakUSaeeeee nee eee 287 
Bisel See ee Saete peee ee aes OZ EIEN 1 Ci Tall ails rae a Oe tea ee ec 15 
AEM OS ocosasonenesoacesesea hey Syn dachyplas ss seer see 15 
Ve biCaliSeeee a eaeee eae ne 57,92 | Xenopicus albolarvatus._...._.:..--- Ces 4 OrOn 
TO GED sou OEE ea ee ea eae Pa Pallas || Ne whabs< Troy ROeHUUIE), 49 
AMONG AK veteran ese sa Meet Boe 21 ZA O TOT i eee ase ose a cael re eI 401, 402 
lane tienen ease earch eer ee 275, 276 ENF EXSNAN A OS eso ecrosae occas 401 
THTOSANE REN, SE = eee a es ape ance ee ee 276 WC WAS CNS eee ae ee mene SH (NA OI 
Wilolom@laes...3S Ae eee aes AG TN Zit 1 CLE er me ate yt ey lee pte eaies eae 301 
United States, Neocene corals of__:_-_. Ge) |) Amore ssc ke eos ee seb oo aeke anos 146 
new species of Tortoises ZAPHOpalusicrassius sae eee 406 
LROM ao: Me eee eee 2] IVDO HUIS WOO 5 seas ocsecs Sohe 406 
Woosebiar ss: ieee eee eae 309 MOWe SCN US ae eee eee 342, 347, 406 
Tuna bares sss se ee eee pees 309 Quad Color sesame as 406 
Wiriaptrollercalitornicasss n= s<sers aaa 43,81 Sioveyiohovant 2A ae eee 406 
Wimina corel ummm 6 esse eee eee 43, 44, 80 new species --.... 406 
ACI CUS eee eee eae GES Go}, ts}, (HO) || Avaedoye oral 35 as ee ese esos oe 2 
WOCYONtVGoANIANUS) ss ssss se eeen eee OSM Ze uzerance S CU iets aene seen eee ae ome 367 
SOI CAP OSSIIS nee ea ema ee eee ee Tee), AED) | Aor hima We os— Sense ssoasce Geese se eae 181 
YESS earthen EE eee eee 107 selerodermata <---52---5-2-- 184 
WialvaitasbrlCarinatajes-s2.s6 as= =aneae aee Dine Zonatrichiaicoronatae-s ees es. 51, 56, 70, 78, 95 
NWanellasicristabushas sess 250 aes ee 54,73 Samibelin gases sacs ewe 56 
WATS toe miso k Se saan sees 73 interme dian esse see 232 
iain San UInVanOSUEIS see see een ee eee 247 leucophrys gambelii ____- 51, 95, 282 
“Waint iain thas seso4seoeceaecsdeeneeercns 163 leucophrysintermedia_.... 51,95 
apRuptaesssse ee Meese 151,163 | Zosterops madagascariensis ...--.._.--- 246 
joathinensSiSmeee=es==e eae li7 maderaspatanaeesesse sae 246 


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